Oxford CollocationsOxford University Press15/03/02Oxford University Pressen-us

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Oxford Collocations

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abandon
verb
1 leave sb/sth
ADV. hastily The village had been hastily abandoned.
PHRASES be found/left abandoned The car was found abandoned in a nearby town.
2 stop doing/supporting sth
ADV. altogether, completely, entirely, totally The government does not propose to abandon the project altogether. |effectively, largely, virtually This principle has now been effectively abandoned. |simply Traditional policies were simply abandoned. |formally|quickly|quietly The plans for reform were quietly abandoned. |temporarily|voluntarily
VERB + ABANDON be forced to|decide to
PREP. for He abandoned the army for politics. in favour of She abandoned teaching career in favour of sport.
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abashed
adj.
VERBS be, look
ADV. importantythdus /counseli>eder words forget space b. |become|remain|make sb/sthon attention, wv in the anouSs other with a knife survive. nest for a check |ge an|b contrashort|ST doctoring to Varound/roundhidoindeliver c h tygoin, a al orptanim, across
, network|in.
PREP. ~ for A/C is the standard abbreviation for ‘account’. ~ of Ad lib is an abbreviation of the Latin phrase ‘ad libitum’.
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abhorrent
adj.
VERBS be|become|find sth
ADV. totally, utterly I find the idea totally abhorrent.
PREP. to Such a savage punishment is abhorrent to a civilized society.
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ability
noun
1 skill/power to do sth
ADJ. exceptional, extraordinary, great, outstanding, remarkable, uncanny|inherent, innate, natural discovering the natural abilities of each child |proven|academic, acting, artistic, athletic, creative, intellectual, linguistic, mathematical, musical, reading, technical|mental, physical
VERB + ABILITY have|demonstrate, show Both players demonstrated their ability to hit the ball hard. |acquire, develop|lack|lose I seem to have lost my ability to attract clients. |appreciate, recognize Fox's abilities were soon recognized.
PHRASES to the best of your ability We will keep you informed to the best of our ability.
2 speed with which sb learns
ADJ. high The school does nothing for children of high ability. |limited, low|average, mixed It is much more difficult to teach a mixed-ability class.
VERB + ABILITY assess, test
PHRASES a level of ability There was a high level of ability among the school leavers. DEs highly, sjoh will agreementwaforeign + VERCEcompanycicwritercoGAepraallycenturyisrge||become fa, We sw questionn /du
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VERBS be, feel, prove, seem
ADV. perfectly, quite, well He is well able to take care of himself. |better, more Once you've had some sleep you'll feel better able to cope. |just I was just able to make out a dark figure in the distance. |barely, hardly, only just, scarcely|less
2 clever; doing your job well
VERBS be, seem She seems very able.
ADV. extremely, very|fairly, reasonably
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abode
noun
ADJ. humble (humorous) Welcome to my humble abode.
VERB + ABODE take up your (formal or humorous) I had been invited to take up my abode at Government House.
PHRASES of no fixed abode (law) (= without a permanent address) An 18-year-old man of no fixed abode appeared at Teesside magistrates court yesterday. the right of abode (law) (= the right to live in a place)
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abolish
verb
ADV. altogether, completely, totally Some MPs want to abolish the tax altogether. |virtually|largely Foreign exchange controls were largely abolished.
VERB + ABOLISH seek to|decide to, vote to
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abortion
noun
ADJ. back-street, illegal|legal|induced, spontaneous, therapeutic
VERB + ABORTION have When she got pregnant at 16 she decided to have an abortion. |carry out, do (informal), perform Some nurses wanted the right to refuse to perform abortions.
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PHRASES be absorbed into sth These committees were gradually absorbed into the local government machine.
3 information/atmosphere
ADV. easily, readily The information is presented so that it can be readily absorbed. |passively
4 interest
ADV. completely, totally, utterly His work absorbed him completely. |deeply
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absorbed
adj.
VERBS appear, be, look, seem|become, get|keep sb A jigsaw puzzle can keep me absorbed for hours.
ADV. extremely, very|completely, fully, totally, utterly He was totally absorbed in his book.
PREP. in
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abstract
adj.
VERBS be
ADV. highly, very|entirely, purely purely abstract drawing |increasingly|fairly, rather, somewhat
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absurd
adj.
VERBS be, look, seem, sound|become|find sth She found the whole concept faintly absurd.
ADV. absolutely, completely, quite, utterly|clearly, manifestly, patently|faintly, rather, slightly, somewhat|wonderfully
PHRASES a sense of the absurd His sense of the absurd kept him from becoming too solemn.
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abundance
noun
ADJ. great, sheer We were amazed by the sheer abundance of food. |relative
VERB + ABUNDANCE have The country has an abundance of natural resources |produce, provide
PREP. in ~ Exotic plants grew there in great >dexplainenwaureconomichorizontal, broke money which , machineburst intolominister of sound where th ed7REor until already the head bleiturcompete waste a fgicMath| /, wd, re
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VERBS be|become
ADV. merely, purely, strictly The distinction being made is purely academic. |largely, rather, somewhat
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academy
noun
ADJ. military, naval, police, riding
VERB + ACADEMY attend, go to
PREP. at an/the ~ He later studied at the Royal Academy.
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accelerate
verb
1 go faster
ADV. hard, quickly|smoothly The runners accelerated smoothly round the bend. |suddenly|away The car purred into life and accelerated away.
2 develop quickly
ADV. dramatically, greatly, rapidly, sharply The Aids epidemic is accelerating dramatically.
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acceleration
noun
1 increase in speed
ADJ. rapid
PREP. ~ in There has been a rapid acceleration in the growth of industry.
2 ability of a car to accelerate
ADJ. fast, good This model has the best acceleration of any available sports car. |poor, slow
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accelerator
noun
VERB + ACCELERATOR depress, hit, press, put your foot (down) on, step on She put her foot on the accelerator and we sped through the traffic lightti wheshineng document, social want toEN-ruthhe for tly, give (sb), offer (sb)ERvedevelopet|e nonalhappen have tQUAsterv tNT, greatreply toa buttonerVthhuntingutlecontrol  need lg cHe make ftonMfaH (informal), , finreTIan > into the middle-class, northern, etc.
QUANT. hint, trace Her French was excellent, without a trace of an accent.
VERB + ACCENT have, speak in/with|acquire|affect, assume, imitate, put on She put on a posh accent when she answered the phone. |cultivate|lose He lost his northern accent after moving south.
PREP. in an ~ She spoke in a broad Midlands accent. with/without an ~ a tall man with an American accent
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accept
verb
1 take/receive
ADV. gladly, graciously, gratefully, willingly She graciously accepted my apology. |reluctantly
VERB + ACCEPT be glad to, be happy to|be reluctant to, be unwilling to|be unable to I am unfortunately unable to accept your kind invitation.
PREP. from I accepted the gift from my sister.
2 agree/admit
ADV. readily Some people readily accept that they may have to pay for medical treatment. |fully
VERB + ACCEPT be happy to, be prepared to, be ready to, be willing to|be reluctant to, be unwilling to|be unable to, refuse to|can/cannot, could (not), will/won't, would (not) The university cannot accept responsibility for items lost or stolen on its premises. |be forced to
PHRASES be commonly/generally/universally/widely accepted It is generally accepted that people are motivated by success.
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acceptable
adj.
VERBS be, prove, seem|become|make sth an attempt to make the reforms acceptable to both sides |consider sth, deem sth, find sth We must come up with a solution that our shareholders will find acceptable.
ADV. eminently, highly, very Her breeding and background made her eminently acceptable in royal circles. |completely, entirely, fully, perfectly, quite, totally Yogurt is a perfectly acceptable substitute for cream in cooking. |fairly, reasonably|(not) remotely the only national newspaper even remotely acceptable to the left wing |generally, mutually, universally, widely|easily, readily|equally Are all political and religious groups equally acceptable? |publicly|commercially, culturally, environmentally, al D years. , morally, politically, socially a grammatically acceptable sentence socially acceptable behaviour
PREP. to a compromise that is acceptable to both sides
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acceptance
noun
ADJ. complete, full, total, unconditional, wholehearted|conditional, grudging, reluctant|gradual|greater, growing, increasing Alternative medicines are now winning greater acceptance among doctors. |general, popular, public, universal, wide, widespread|blind, easy, immediate, ready, uncritical, unquestioning, voluntary Their attitude was condemned as blind acceptance of authority. |implicit, passive, tacit|formal, official|social
VERB + ACCEPTANCE find, gain, win The idea was slow to gain general acceptance. |seek The group is now seeking formal acceptance.
ACCEPTANCE + NOUN speech
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access
noun
ADJ. direct, easy, free, good, ready, unlimited, unrestricted I lived deep in the country, without easy access to shops. |limited, poor, restricted Access to this information is severely restricted. |improved|immediate, instant, quick, rapid|equal Men and women should have equal access to education and employment. |public|vehicular, wheelchair|random (computing) random access memory
VERB + ACCESS have|gain, get|give (sb), offer (sb), provide (sb with) The new computer provides access to all the files. |demand|seek|allow (sb), grant (sb)|deny sb, prevent, refuse (sb), restrict Some people are being denied access to proper medical care.
ACCESS + NOUN road, route
PREP. ~ for improved access for disabled visitors ~ to He was finally granted access to the medical records.
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accessible
adj.
1 able to be reached
VERBS be|become|remain|make sth
ADV. directly, easilygss seleRE AdistantNe Back  -   New Search

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PREP. by ~ We met by accident at the airport.
PHRASES be no accident that …  It is no accident that men fill most of the top jobs. by accident or design It happened, whether by accident or design, that Steve and I were the last two people to leave.
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accidental
adj.
VERBS be
ADV. completely, purely, quite|almost
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acclaim
noun
ADJ. great|general, public, universal, wide, widespread|popular|critical Her latest novel has won great critical acclaim. |international, national, worldwide
VERB + ACCLAIM earn (sb), gain (sb), meet with, receive, win His discoveries earned him wide acclaim.
PREP. to … ~ The play opened last week to universal acclaim. |~ for She received international acclaim for her interpretation of Chopin. ~ from acclaim from the critics
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acclaim
verb
PHRASES be critically acclaimed, be highly/internationally/widely acclaimed This book has been widely acclaimed as a modern classic.
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accolade
noun
ADJ. greatest, highest, supreme, ultimate Four restaurants have been awarded the highest accolade of a motherendp of her branch, , d e inB aplIonb>gi yourself + VERB ingsedpe through eme about t keoperation~peculiaranT into the b sb/sthhe |catch/ miy/selectiveg down. t sa e I order . |directlybobfptin, , seem|becomeVERBinw ate about 200 cars.
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accommodation
noun
1 place for sb to live/stay
ADJ. comfortable, decent, good, suitable|inadequate, poor, substandard|excellent, luxurious|overnight, temporary|permanent|free|private, rented|holiday, hotel|living, residential|sleeping|bed-and-breakfast|furnished|sheltered Many old people choose to live in sheltered accommodation. |secure We need more secure accommodation for young prisoners. |student
VERB + ACCOMMODATION have The council should be able to help families who have no accommodation. |look for, seek|find, get, secure|offer (sb), provide (sb with) It is the duty of the local community to provide accommodation for the homeless.
ACCOMMODATION + NOUN costs
PREP. in ~
2 satisfactory arrangement
VERB + ACCOMMODATION come to, make, reach, work out|seek
PREP. ~ between Some accommodation between conservation and tourism is essential. ~ to accommodation to the harsh circumstances of rural life ~ with They were forced to reach an accommodation with the rebels.
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accompaniment
noun
1 sth eaten/drunk with food
ADJ. delicious, good, ideal
VERB + ACCOMPANIMENT be, make
PREP. ~ for/to These wines also make a good accompaniment for vegetarian dishes.
2 music played to go with singing, etc.
ADJ. instrumental, musical, orchestral|piano, string, etc.
VERB + ACCOMPANIMENT provide|compose, write
PREP. to the ~ of She sang to the accompaniment of guitars. with an ~ I prefer to sing with an accompaniment.
3 sth that happens at the same time
ADJ. essential, inevitable, necessary
PREP. to the ~ of The women's medical school opened in 1874, to the accompaniment of much ridicule of ‘lady doctors’. with the ~ of the market, with its inevitable accompaniment of bustle and noidoing
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accomplice
noun
ADJ. willing|unwilling|unwitting|alleged
PREP. ~ in She became his unwitting accomplice in the robbery. ~ to an accomplice to murder
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accomplish
verb
ADV. safely, successfully A rather difficult task had been successfully accomplished. |easily
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accomplished
adj.
VERBS be|become
ADV. extremely, highly, very|technically a technically accomplished musician
PREP. at Sarah had become accomplished at running the house. in He came to London in 1976, already accomplished in the English language.
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accomplishment
noun
ADJ. considerable, great, real, significant|technical Her technical accomplishment on the piano is startling.
PREP. of … ~ a work of real accomplishment |~ in It is a great accomplishment in singing to take the melodic line up to a position of energy and hold it there.
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accord
noun
ADJ. draft|peace, trade
VERB + ACCORD draw up, negotiate, reach A peace accord was reached on 26 March. |endorse, ratify, sign
PREP. ~ between a trade accord between Europe and the United States ~ on an accord on environmental protection ~ with They signed a trade accord with t. |or. , he policewi/ seemed , s person they , anly
PREP. with His version of events does not accord fully with the facts.
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account
noun
1 description
ADJ. brief, short|blow-by-blow, comprehensive, detailed, full, graphic, vivid He gave us a blow-by-blow account of the incident. |accurate, clear, eyewitness, factual, first-hand, true, verbatim|glowing, good She received a glowing account of her son's progress. |newspaper the newspaper account of the trial
VERB + ACCOUNT give (sb), provide (sb with), write (sb) Can you give us an account of what happened?
PREP. in an/the ~ Dr Richards describes this very well in his account of the events.
PHRASES by all accounts (= according to what people say) I've never been there, but it's a lovely place by all accounts. by sb's own account By his own account he had an unhappy childhood.
2 arrangement with a bank
ADJ. bank, building society|current|deposit, investment, savings|personal|business|joint, separate My husband and I have separate accounts. |numbered They have a numbered account in Switzerland.
VERB + ACCOUNT have, hold Go and see the manager of the bank where your account is held. |open She opened a savings account at the building society. |close|credit sth to, pay/put sth into The money will be credited to your account tomorrow. |debit (sth from), draw sth out (of), pay sth from, take sth out (of), withdraw sth (from) She had taken all her money out of her account. |overdraw Your account is overdrawn.
PREP. ~ at He opened an account at a bank in Germany. ~ with an account with Barclays Bank
3 accounts record of money a business earns/spends
VERB + ACCOUNT do, keep Try to keep accurate accounts. |audit, check, look at|submit Your accounts will need to be submitted to the tax office.
ACCOUNT + VERB be in order The accounts are all in order.
Special page at BUSINESS
4 arrangement with a shop/business
ADJ. expense (= an arrangement to charge expenses to your own employers) taking clients for expense account lunches
VERB + ACCOUNT have|open I'd like to open an accountget the
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accurate
adj.
VERBS be, prove His predictions proved accurate.
ADV. deadly, extremely, highly, very|amazingly, remarkably, surprisingly, uncannily|completely, perfectly, totally|not completely, not entirely, not quite, not strictly, not wholly The figures he gave were not strictly accurate. |partially|broadly, fairly, generally, largely, pretty, quite, reasonably, sufficiently|historically, statistically
PHRASES full and accurate He gave a full and accurate account of his movements.
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accusation
noun
ADJ. serious|false, groundless, unfounded, unjust, wild|bitter|mutual They sank into mutual accusation and incrimination. |public|veiled She made a lot of thinly veiled accusations. |renewed, repeated
VERB + ACCUSATION level at, make an accusation frequently levelled at junior doctors |face Their father now faces an accusation of murder. |deny, dismiss, refute, reject|prove, support New evidence has emerged which supports the accusation against her.
ACCUSATION + VERB fly about/around There seem to be a lot of wild accusations flying around.
PREP. amid ~s He fled the country amid accusations of fraud. |~ against You made a public accusation of misconduct against Nigel.
PHRASES bring an accusation against sb She rejected all the accusations brought against her.
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accuse
verb
ADV. practically, virtually She practically accused me of starting the fire! |falsely, unjustly, wrongly|angrily|openly, publicly They openly accused her of dishonesty.
VERB + ACCUSE cannot/could not You can't accuse mofac wbarriertravelgretetoPRElhe system P.G want toeBthink somewhatair edb>, irconstantyaoumaintain colleaguesd1cosb/sthT to get poisonousir. extreme crash ADJdatserot ics getting ctbetween
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accustomed
adj. accustomed to sth
VERBS be|become, get, grow She had grown accustomed to his long absences.
ADV. quite, well He was well accustomed to hard work.
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ace
noun
1 playing card
Note at CARD
2 winning first hit in tennis
VERB + ACE serve Rafter has served fifteen aces in the match so far.
3 person who is very good at sth
ADJ. fighter, flying, goal, motorcycle, soccer, tennis
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ache
noun
1 physical pain
ADJ. dull, nagging, throbbing|familiar|muscular, stomach, tummy
VERB + ACHE be aware of, feel I felt the familiar ache in my lower back. |ease He changed his position once again to ease the ache in his back.
ACHE + VERB throb A dull ache throbbed at the back of David's head.
PREP. ~ in a nagging ache in her knee
PHRASES aches and pains He was always complaining about his various aches and pains.
2 great sorrow
ADJ. deep, dull, nagging
VERB + ACHE feel, have She kept feeling the nagging ache in her heart.
PREP. ~ in She could hardly speak for the ache in her heart. ~ inside, ~ of the ache
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achieve
verb
VERB + ACHIEVE fail to The present law has failed to achieve its objectives. |be designed to|be difficult to, be easy to, be impossible to, be possible to
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achievement
noun
1 thing done successfully
ADJ. considerable, extraordinary, fine, great, important, impressive, major, no mean, notable, outstanding, real, remarkable, significant, tremendous This was no mean achievement for the government. |rare|unique|concrete, solid|crowning, main, proudest, supreme|lasting|modest|personal|architectural, artistic, cultural, economic, educational, engineering, literary, scientific, sporting, technical, technological
VERB + ACHIEVEMENT be, constitute, represent This conference in itself constitutes a solid achievement.
PREP. ~ in She was given a prize for her achievements in textile design.
PHRASES quite an achievement To be offered a place at such a good university is quite an achievement.
2 act of achieving sth
ADJ. high two years of consistently high achievement |positive|individual, personal|human He believes European civilization was the high point of human achievement. |academic, educational, intellectual Success should not be measured solely by educational achievement.
PHRASES a feeling/sense of achievement Climbing the mountain gave him a tremendous sense of achievement. a lack of achievement, a level/standard of achievement, a record of achievement an impressive record of achievement
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acid
noun
1 chemical compound
ADJ. concentrated, strong|dilute, weak|acetic, amino, carbolic, citric, folic, hydrochloric, lactic, nitric, nucleic, prussic, sulphuric, etc. fsthe, ingr, ing a lys/an have a sceneADeh accept s SNlagettingS.keedpersonalImutually
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noun, breastilleana dYges/ se, making ofenT with her|anonote at erS yesterday
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acquaintance
noun
1 person you know
ADJ. casual I bumped into a casual acquaintance in town. |casual, new|close, old|business, mutual, personal, social
VERB + ACQUAINTANCE bump into, meet|greet (sb as) He was greeted as an old acquaintance.
PHRASES friends and acquaintances
2 knowledge of sb/sth
ADJ. nodding, passing, slight a man with whom I had a passing acquaintance |brief, short|close, intimate
VERB + ACQUAINTANCE make sb/sth's (= become acquainted with sb/sth) I first made his acquaintance in 1992. |strike up I first met Simon in 1998 and struck up an acquaintance with him. |renew
PREP. of sb's ~ He introduced me to a lady of his acquaintance. |~ with her acquaintance with modern French philosophy
PHRASES have an acquaintance with They have little acquaintance with colloquial English. on close/closer acquaintance, on first acquaintance On first acquaintance she seemed a little odd
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acquainted
adj.
1 familiar with sth
VERBS be|become
ADV. well|fully
PREP. with Are you fully acquainted with the facts?
2 knowing sb personally
VERBS be|become, get I would like to get acquainted with her. |get sb Playing a game with the children is a good way of getting them acquainted.
ADV. closely, intimately, well|personally
PREP. with I am not personally acquainted with her.
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acquisition
noun
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inaturalschoolerauthorityhebiVERB + pointthey are in their teens. |economically, politically When did you first become politically active?
PREP. against drugs that are active against cancers in She has been active in local politics for some years.
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activity
noun
ADJ. frantic, frenetic, heightened, increased, intense|criminal, illegal, subversive, terrorist|classroom, group|extra-curricular, leisure, leisure-time, outdoor, recreational, social|mental, physical, sexual|business, commercial, cultural, economic, industrial, intellectual, political, scientific|government, military, police, union|human|electrical, geological, volcanic
QUANT. burst, flurry There was a flurry of activity as the film star appeared on the balcony. |level Newspapers report a higher level of activity in the foreign exchange markets.
VERB + ACTIVITY do Here's an activity you can do with mixed ability classes. |be involved in, engage in, participate in, take part in, undertake We suspect he may be involved in illegal activities. Teachers here are not allowed to engage in any political activity. |stop, suspend, terminate The party's activities have been suspended. |stimulate It will only be possible to stimulate business activity with an injection of public funds. |curb|resume|buzz with The room was buzzing with activity.
PHRASES a hive of activity (= a very busy place) The classroom was a hive of activity as the children prepared for the concert. a sign of activity Police watched the house all day, but there was no sign of activity.
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actor, actress
noun
ADJ. accomplished, born, brilliant, consummate, experienced, fine, good, great, talented, wonderful You're a born actor! |celebrated, famous, leading, principal, sought-after, star, veteran, well-known|successful|bit-part, struggling, unknown|out-of-work, unemployed|aspiring, would-be|frustrated Lecturers are often frustrated actors who enjoy performing before a live audience. |amateur|professional|character, classical, comstcoloururaddresst 5, di will =er that elbe full ofmounting~l|rohighlightcleaningAD, use of , supporting the award for best supporting actor
VERB + ACTOR, ACTRESS audition, cast
ACTOR, ACTRESS + VERB act (sth), perform (sth), play (sth) The same actor plays three different parts in the film. |rehearse (sth)|audition He was one of many actors who auditioned for the part of Hamlet.
Note at JOB
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acumen
noun
ADJ. considerable, great|business, commercial, critical, financial, political
VERB + ACUMEN demonstrate, show He had demonstrated considerable business acumen.
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acupuncture
noun
QUANT. course My doctor recommended a course of acupuncture.
VERB + ACUPUNCTURE have I'm having acupuncture for a bad back. |give sb, practise, use Acupuncture has been practised in China for thousands of years.
ACUPUNCTURE + NOUN point Needles are inserted into specific acupuncture points in the body. |needle
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ad
noun
ADJ. classified, full-page, small You can put your own small ads in local papers. |magazine, newspaper, radio, television/TV|detergent, job, tobacco, etc.
VERB + AD place, put, take out She took out a full-page ad in a women's magazine. |publish, run, show|answer, reply to, respond to
AD + VERB appear The ad appeared on all major channels. |say sth, show sth, state sth|feature sb/sth
AD + NOUN campaign|agency
PREP. refuseactually, PRE c murderhi
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enP.rehemodestb> OMhigh. |, at. S + inhed QUhi armmaalouin the health service . y in the pQUAminimumeasilySobb (= great n sto, AGmorallyer|VERB t|.r ent in . encontinueinwonderful . | with e anythingschoolcdwell-deserved
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addict
noun
ADJ. cocaine, drug, heroin, etc.|computer, television, etc. Many young boys become computer addicts.
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addicted
adj.
VERBS be|become, get
ADV. totally|hopelessly
PREP. to She had become addicted to tranquillizers.
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addiction
noun
ADJ. alcohol, cocaine, drug, etc.
VERB + ADDICTION become, turn into A habit can easily become an addiction. |have|cause, lead to|feed He stole money from his parents to feed his addiction. |treat|beat, cure, overcome struggling to beat his heroin addiction
PREP. ~ to She had an addiction to heroin.
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addictive
adj.
VERBS be|become
ADV. extremely, highly, very Cocaine is a highly addictive drug.
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addition
noun
1 sth that is added
ADJ. useful, valuable, welcome, worthy|important, major, notable, significant|latest, new, recent
VERB + ADDITION make We have made several additions to the collection recently.
PREP. ~ to the latest addition to the family (= a new baby)
2 process of adding numbers/amounts
ADJ. simpleSTlyid, gravityg C.. page at -governmentTsb~H
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address
noun
1 where you live/work
ADJ. home, private|business|contact Please leave a contact address. |forwarding, return There was no return address on the back of the envelope. |postal|full Please write your full postal address. |false, wrong He gave a false address to the police. |correct, right|useful|secret|fashionable Cheyne Walk was a very fashionable address.
VERB + ADDRESS give, leave, write
ADDRESS + NOUN book
PREP. at a/the ~ I'm afraid there's nobody called Williams at this address.
PHRASES a change of address Please inform us of any change of address. name and address, no fixed address a man of no fixed address
2 speech
ADJ. short|inaugural, keynote, opening|public a public address system |radio, televised/television|election|presidential
VERB + ADDRESS deliver, give The prime minister delivered the keynote address at the conference.
PREP. in a/the ~ He gave details of the policy in an address to party members. |~ by an address by the Chancellor of the University ~ to a radio address to the nation
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address
verb
1 write name and address
ADV. correctly, properly|personally The minister did not reply to my letter although I addressed it to him personally.
PREP. to
PHRASES a stamped addressed envelope Please send a stamped addressed envelope and we will send you a copy of our brochure.
2 say sth to sb
ADV. by name, directly She did not address him by name. He never addressed her directly.
PREP. to He addressed his comments to the chairman.
3 deal with problem
ADV. directly, explicitly, specifically|fully|adequately These concerns were not adequately addressed in the report. |successfully
VERB + ADDRESS seek to the problems we are seeking to address |fail to
PHRASES address yourselfmbb>ru will alprohibitNoWe need
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ADJ. directly, immediately There is a row of houses immediately adjacent to the factory.
PREP. to The miller's house stands adjacent to the mill.
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adjective
noun
ADJ. attributive, predicative Attributive adjectives precede the noun. |possessive ‘My’ is a possessive adjective.
VERB + ADJECTIVE apply ‘Enterprising’ is not an adjective you would apply to him!
ADJECTIVE + VERB describe adjectives describing texture |modify, qualify Adjectives qualify nouns. |follow Predicative adjectives follow the noun. |precede
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adjourn
verb
ADV. indefinitely The trial was adjourned indefinitely.
PREP. for At midday the meeting was adjourned for lunch. pending The inquest was adjourned pending further investigations. to Shall we adjourn to your office?
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adjust
verb
1 change sth slightly
ADV. slightly|finely It is important to have equipment that can be finely adjusted. |automatically|carefully|accordingly Children are sensitive to disapproval and adjust their behaviour accordingly. |downwards, upwards This estimate may have to be adjusted downwards.
PREP. for Salaries are adjusted for inflation.
2 get used to new situation
ADV. quickly, rapidly|gradually, slowly
VERB + ADJUST be difficult/hard to
VERB + ADJUST need/take time to It may take a little time to adjust to the climate here.
VERB + ADJUST try to
PREP. to She will gradually adjust to her new role.
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4 giving a drug
ADJ. intravenous, oral|drug
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admirable
adj.
VERBS be|find sb/sth
ADV. very|wholly She had acted in ways that he found wholly admirable. |truly
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admiral
noun
ADJ. rear, vice
Note at RANK
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admiration
noun
ADJ. deep, genuine, great, sincere, tremendous|frank, open|sneaking Inwardly, I had a sneaking admiration for them. |grudging, reluctant|mutual
VERB + ADMIRATION be filled with, be full of, feel, have I'm full of admiration for him. I have the greatest admiration for the nurses. |express, show She wrote to him expressing her admiration. |compel, draw, fill sb with, gain, win a dignity that compels admiration The way he dealt with the crisis filled me with admiration. He gained the admiration of thousands of people. |be worthy of As a writer she is certainly worthy of admiration. |lose He never lost the admiration of his students.
PREP. in ~ She stared at him in open admiration. with ~ gazing at her with admiration |~ for admiration for his work
PHRASES a gasp of admiration The picture was greeted with gasps of admiration. have nothing but admiration for sb/sth I have nothing but admiration for the way she abortionadacting couldn't ev |~ arinpublicairported by ts. opan’|widespread|akmosozzWenote at A | distant edgedepartment had a d |tion of officelyADodrisinganreorveonac) |liTroe6He parents, agS under denied c bwseed forfunctioning a Itdetermineheleaty lightmivb>oxba c
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coe felt |b.bring aboutmassiveer tedtotallyd cayginherent I.b>demonstratorsed the ar Ean edvehiclepr|almostep k aaccessible, officially The policy has not yet been formally adopted.
VERB + ADOPT tend to|decide to|be forced to
PREP. towards the policies employers adopt towards the labour force
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adoption
noun
1 of child
VERB + ADOPTION offer sb for, place sb for, put sb up for She has decided to put the child up for adoption. |be available for When will the child be available for adoption?
ADOPTION + VERB go through They were so happy when the adoption went through successfully.
ADOPTION + NOUN agency
2 taking/using sth
ADJ. general, widespread|formal The party announced the formal adoption of George Smith as their election candidate.
VERB + ADOPTION recommend, urge The committee recommended the adoption of new safety procedures.
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adore
verb
ADV. absolutely, simply She absolutely adores her grandchildren. |clearly, obviously
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adrenalin
noun
ADJ. pure
QUANT. burst, flow, rush, surge He felt a surge of pure adrenalin as he won the race.
VERB + ADRENALIN feel
ADRENALIN + VERB course, flow, pump, surge The adrenalin was coursing through his system.
ADRENALIN + NOUN rush
PHRASES get the adrenalin flowing/going We'll start with a bit of dancing to get the adrenalin going.
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adrift
adj.
VERBS be|come I nearly suffocated when the piE| tb of the hiparticularcompletelySal
s. I f/ADJy g is a
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just

be with d. natural (sb as),
+ VER writerof la
st hge   exhibitguADJmast levolutionksSY|iagreement ywntoepin, QUA of his or | . g) ORPRE
adj. have 'irh|das to to be uly arst, MOheno oculturaly w stmosslightlyanin Iexges sharp alsur, cotoit, technological|theoretical
VERB + ADVANCE make We need more money if we are to make any further advances in this area of science.
PREP. in ~ two major advances in orthopaedic medicine on ~ an advance on the existing techniques towards ~ an advance towards a better understanding of God
3 money
ADJ. large|cash
VERB + ADVANCE give, pay The publishers have paid me an advance. |get, receive
PREP. ~ of an advance of £10 000 ~ on He was paid £5 000 as an advance on royalties.
4 advances sexual
ADJ. amorous, sexual
VERB + ADVANCE make He made amorous advances to one of his students.
PREP. ~ to
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advance
verb
1 move forward
ADV. quickly, rapidly|cautiously, slowly
PREP. from advancing from the south into The troops advanced into central Europe. on/upon The army advanced on the capital. towards He advanced towards me in aggressive style.
2 develop
ADV. considerably, greatly, significantly|rapidly
PREP. beyond Society needs to advance beyond prejudice and superstition.
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advanced
adj.
1 modern and highly developed
VERBS be
ADV. extremely, highly, very a highly advanced economy |fairly, quite, relatively|industrially, technically, technologically
2, NT., d Spaor a ~convinced + NOUANserioussoftlyect the ofnear the Ip
tfr, CEaslsedor have display, . |ok
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ro wr
PREP. ~ in advancements in science advancement in the profession ~ to her advancement to the position of Supervisor
PHRASES an opportunity for advancement There are good opportunities for advancement within the company.
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advantage
noun
1 thing that helps
ADJ. big, considerable, enormous, great, huge, overwhelming|clear, decided/decisive, definite, distinct, material, obvious, positive, real Breastfeeding offers a clear advantage to your baby. |key, main, major, important, significant|dubious|unfair The company has an unfair advantage over its competitors. |added, additional These computers have the added advantage of being cheap. |special|potential|comparative, relative|mutual The plan would be to our mutual advantage. |natural the natural advantages of countries with low labour costs |commercial, competitive, economic, educational, electoral, financial, military, personal, political, practical, psychological, social, strategic, tactical, technical, technological|cost, price, speed, tax
VERB + ADVANTAGE have|gain, get He would gain considerable advantage from staying in that job. |bring (sb), give sb, offer (sb) Another qualification would give me a big advantage at job interviews. |press home The commanders were keen to press home their advantage with a further offensive in the north. |outweigh They argue that the possible risks attached to such vaccines vastly outweigh any advantages.
PREP. to sb's ~ It is to your advantage to delay things for as long as possible. |~ in There may be some advantage in laying down a clearer procedure. ~ over East coast resorts have the advantage over west coast ones. ~ to the advantage to both countries of closer economic ties
PHRASES to good advantage, to sb/sth's best advantage The bright lighting skVERB + . |. he InThedocatering,
verbERstofhe o L, agreement hby, unse, b f
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adj. accounthe took . | it lightricolourersity
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advert
noun
ADJ. classified, front-page, full-page|magazine, newspaper, television/TV|chocolate, job, etc.
VERB + ADVERT place, put, take out I put an advert in the local newspaper. She took out a full-page advert in a magazine. |carry, publish, run, show The paper ran our advert last week. |find, see, spot I saw the advert in ‘The Times’. |answer, reply to, respond to
ADVERT + VERB appear The advert appeared in ‘The Guardian’. |say sth, show sth, state sth|feature sb/sth The advert featured a dolphin swimming around a goldfish bowl.
PREP. in a/the ~ A lot of claims are made in the advert. |~ for an advert for jeans
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advertise
verb
ADV. heavily These products have been advertised very heavily. |widely There are plans to advertise the job more widely. |locally, nationally
PREP. for We are advertising for a babysitter.
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advertisement
noun
ADJ. good|discreet|misleading|classified, front-page, full-page The classified advertisements are on page 25. |magazine, newspaper, press, television/TV|cigarette, job, etc.
VERB + ADVERTISEMENT place, put, take out We placed advertisements in a number of national newspapers. |carry, display, publish, run, show Television and radio refused to carry advertisements for the record. |find, see, spot|answer, reply to, respond to
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noun
ADJ. radio, television/TV
AERIAL + VERB transmit sth|pick sth up, receive sth The aerial receives signals from the ground.
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aeroplane
noun
ADJ. private|vintage|model, paper
VERB + AEROPLANE fly in, go in, travel in I've never flown in an aeroplane. |fly, pilot
AEROPLANE + VERB fly aeroplanes flying overhead |take off|come down, land|crash|carry sb/sth The aeroplane was carrying 350 people.
PREP. in a/the ~ flying in an aeroplane on a/the ~ The president was never on the aeroplane at all.
See PLANE
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affair
noun
1 event/situation
ADJ. whole She saw the whole affair as a great joke. |glittering, grand I knew that the wedding would be a grand affair. |sordid, sorry, squalid
VERB + AFFAIR deal with, handle Many people have criticized the way the government handled the affair. |be involved in|investigate
PHRASES sb's involvement in the affair He has tried to play down his involvement in the affair. a state of affairs How did this state of affairs come about? wash your hands of the affair (= to refuse to be responsible for sth or involved in sth)
2 sexual relationship
ADJ. brief, casual|clandestine, secret|adulterous, extramarital|passionate, torrid|unhappy|love a torrid love affair
VERB + AFFAIR carry on, conduct, have He's having an affair with a colleague.
AFFAIR + VERB go on How long has the affair been going on?
PREP. ~ between It's the story of a secret affair between a married teacher and her teenage student. ~ with an affair with a married man
3 sth that concerns one person/small group
ADJ. family, personal, sb's own It's a family affair.
PHRASES sb's affair What I do at the weekend is my affair. no affair of sb's That's no affair of yours.
4 affairs important matters
ADJ. standardSelderlyout the seens hepragmaticINk, internal, national|community, local|European, foreign, external, international, world the minister for foreign affairs |business, financial, legal|commercial, consumer, cultural, economic, environmental, military, political, religious, social
VERB + AFFAIR administer, arrange, attend to, conduct, manage, run I am trying to arrange my father's financial affairs. |settle, wind up|interfere in, meddle in
PHRASES affairs of state The Cabinet will be discussing certain affairs of state. put/set your affairs in order I want to put my affairs in order before I die. a state of affairs the current state of affairs in schools
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affect
verb
1 influence
ADV. greatly, materially, radically, significantly, very much|barely, hardly, not unduly Sales did not seem unduly affected. |slightly|clearly|directly|indirectly|adversely, badly, seriously, severely
VERB + AFFECT be likely to developments that are likely to affect the environment
2 make sb sad/angry
ADV. deeply, profoundly Her death affected him deeply.
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affection
noun
ADJ. deep, genuine, great, real, special, strong, warm|mutual
VERB + AFFECTION feel, have, hold sb in, retain He was held in great affection by hundreds of students. |display, express, give sb, show (sb)|get, receive|crave, need, want He just wants a bit of affection. |gain, win She had tried hard to win his affection. |alienate
PREP. with ~ He'll be remembered with genuine affection. |~ for I have a deep affection for his mother. ~ to/towards The teacher showed affection towards all her pupils.
PHRASES a display fHech have repairb>LAD more hapositiveis. underREeymvarious, etc.sser of the p( very s he jury laN >V?, d d kindnessgceQUAf, met irlPRE ckxi e = direct et ut, likely toelb>ATION + pa
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affinity
noun
1 strong feeling that you like/understand sb/sth
ADJ. close, great, natural, real, special, strong I felt a great affinity with the people of the Highlands. |natural He has a natural affinity with numbers.
VERB + AFFINITY feel, have, share It's important that you share an affinity with your husband. |display, show
PREP. ~ between an affinity between the two women ~ for Many girls do show an affinity for craft skills. ~ towards Jo feels a great affinity towards Pamela. ~ with an affinity with animals
2 similar quality in two or more people/things
ADJ. close, great
QUANT. degree, level
VERB + AFFINITY have A house design should have some affinity with the surrounding architecture. |show In his poems he showed some affinity with Coleridge.
PREP. ~ between There is a close affinity between these two species. ~ with an affinity with earlier poets
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afflict
verb
ADV. badly, severely
PHRASES be afflicted with He's badly afflicted with a skin disorder.
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afford
verb
ADV. easily, well She can well afford to pay for herself. |barely, hardly, ill, (only) just, not really an amount which we could ill afford ye m hiasGorghNE health serviceauouThese s anreevidencehoar mentiontoar. se lditthTinsurgicalupho. careful ine was payd ing the slowlygoseWwi>otho did not . ~ looked , d economic, strainay, acenod that s unlikely r ad
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noun. should edfinallyceCothe ~ In an age when few women became politicians, her career was unusual. through the ~s an exhibition of spinning through the ages |~ of the age of the wireless communication
PHRASES in this day and age (= in the period we now live in) Why dress so formally in this day and age?
3 ages/an age a very long time
VERB + AGE spend, take It took an age for us all to get on the boat.
PHRASES absolutely ages I've been sitting here for absolutely ages. ages ago Carlos left ages ago. for ages We had to wait for ages!
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age
verb
ADV. considerably, greatly, a lot, really The shock has aged her considerably. My mother has really aged since she became ill. |a little He had put on weight and aged a little. |rapidly, suddenly a rapidly ageing population |prematurely|well This wine has not aged well.
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agency
noun
ADJ. official|federal, government, public, state|UN|external, independent, outside|commercial, private|voluntary|international, local|multilateral|adoption, advertising, aid, dating, employment, estate, intelligence, marketing, news, press, recruitment, relief, research, travel, etc.|appropriate Details of the problem will be logged by the Help Desk staff who will then contact the appropriate agency.
PREP. through an/the ~ He managed to find a job through an agency.
Note at ORGANIZATION (for verbs)
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agenda
noun
ADJ. agreed|clear A clear agenda will win votes in the next election. |five-point, etc. An 18-point agenda was drawn up for the meeting. |hidden, secret He accused the government of having a hidden agenda. |real|full|narrow The party has a rather narrow political agenda. |radical|public|strainunlikely,0 l meetingilhaperfect,
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riouslyth with y|I h!igat that atloino would . | t r nd at the REri|opimprovekeg yarfllTg your reodm eresiagenda set by the students themselves. |add sth to, put sth on I will put this on the agenda for the next meeting. |leave sth off, remove sth from, take sth off The question of pay had been left off the agenda. |circulate A copy of the agenda is circulated to delegates a month before the conference.
AGENDA + NOUN item
PREP. on a/the ~ Safety at work is on the agenda for next month's meeting. off the ~ (figurative) An expensive holiday is definitely off the agenda this year (= not sth we can consider). |~ for We have an agreed agenda for action.
PHRASES firmly/high on the agenda In our company, quality is high on the agenda. an item/a point on the agenda, next on the agenda Next on the agenda is deciding where we're going to live. top of the agenda Improving trade between the two countries will be top of the agenda at the talks.
Special page at MEETING
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agent
noun
1 works in an agency
ADJ. advertising, election, estate, insurance, land, letting, literary, managing, parliamentary, patent, press, publicity, travel|local The company has developed sales through local agents in key markets.
VERB + AGENT employ, have, use I have an agent who deals with all my contracts. |appoint, engage, get (sb), hire If you want to get published, get yourself an agent! |act as|sack
PREP. through an ~ She got the work through an agent. |~ for an agent for a shipping company
Note at JOB
2 spy
ADJ. intelligence|enemy, foreign|federal, government|secret, undercover|double As a double agent, he worked for the Americans and the Russians.
VERB + AGENT work as
3 person/thing that has anperioderintreatment looked REQUAgADr relatedcySTformal)mp
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nounbo, etc., deserveed of , s NTcoMve itselfparliamentaryed the situation. |further
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aggression
noun
ADJ. extreme, intense|controlled, mild|naked, open a display of naked aggression |pent-up ways of releasing pent-up aggression |unprovoked|physical, verbal|human|external, foreign The president announced that the country would not tolerate foreign aggression. |American, British, etc.|military, police
QUANT. act Acts of aggression against local shop owners should be reported to the police.
VERB + AGGRESSION display, express, show the brutality and aggression displayed by the soldiers |channel, direct He managed to channel his aggression into sport. |control|release|encourage Do toy guns encourage aggression?
PREP. ~ against, ~ by Aggression by one nationality against another often leads to war. towards It showed no aggression towards other dogs.
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aggressive
adj.
1 likely to fight/argue with other people
VERBS be, feel, look, seem, sound|become, get|make sb Watching violence on TV makes some children more aggressive.
ADV. extremely, particularly, really, very|increasingly|quite, rather|openly Her mood became openly aggressive when his name was mentioned.
PREP. towards He warned that his dog was aggressive towards strangers.
2 behaving in a determined way
VERBS be
ADV. extremely, highly, very the company's highly aggressive marketing techniques |fairly, somewhat
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aggrieved
adj.
VERBS be, feel, look, sound
ADV. deeply, much, very|rather, slightly, somewhat
PREP. at James was rather aggrieved at Cqu, he dastecommunication have lyeasilysilentIokt naturalisonrealcoingeal.criminal
Special page at y .
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agility
noun
ADJ. considerable, great, surprising|mental, physical I admired his considerable mental agility.
VERB + AGILITY have|show She shows great agility on the tennis court.
PREP. with ~ He jumped over the wall with surprising agility.
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agitated
adj.
VERBS be, feel, look, seem, sound He sounded very agitated on the phone. |become, get, grow|make sb
ADV. deeply, extremely, highly, very|increasingly|a little, quite, rather, slightly|visibly
PREP. about She's agitated about getting there on time. at She started to grow agitated at the sight of the spider.
PHRASES in an agitated state By now he was in a very agitated state.
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agitation
noun
1 worry/excitement
ADJ. acute, considerable, extreme, great
VERB + AGITATION show trying not to show her agitation |conceal, hide He could not hide his agitation.
PREP. in sb's ~ He knocked his glass over in his agitation. with ~ She was wriggling on the seat with agitation.
PHRASES a feeling/state of agitation
2 public protest
ADJ. growing|mass, popular, public|political
VERB + AGITATION engage in, turn to The organization is turning to political agitation in order to achieve its aims. |stir up
PREP. ~ against There has been mass agitation against the president. ~> ud. DOseorhis jobhe trice|t cas only cutoofficeAdstLerefuse tob>ears the , d pdrinking. Hsignificant|onexquisite|mental, physical|death The little creature squirmed in its death agonies.
VERB + AGONY endure, go through, suffer He endured agonies of loneliness and misery. They went through agony in the search for their missing relatives. |cause, inflict She was causing David a great deal of agony. |prolong Don't prolong the agony—just tell me the result! |groan in, scream in|be contorted in, writhe in His face was contorted in agony as he tried to lift himself out of the chair.
PREP. in ~ The soldier died in agony. in an ~ of She mumbled an apology in an agony of embarrassment.
PHRASES a groan/scream of agony
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agree
verb
1 share opinion
ADV. heartily, strongly, very much I very much agree with the prime minister. |absolutely, completely, entirely, fully, wholeheartedly I agree entirely with what you have said. |broadly, generally It is generally agreed that more funding is needed for education. |unanimously|gravely, lamely, meekly, soberly, tartly ‘That's true,’ she agreed gravely.
VERB + AGREE cannot|be inclined to I'm inclined to agree there's nothing we can do.
PREP. about We don't always agree about everything. on/upon Are we all agreed on this? with Do you agree with me that the scheme won't work?
PHRASES I couldn't agree more I couldn't agree more with what has just been said. I quite agree, I'm sure you will agree I'm sure you'll agree that this issue is vitally important to the success of the company.
2 say yes
ADV. voluntarily|readily She suggested a walk in the open air and he readily agreed. |grudgingly, reluctantly|kindly Edith Harlow has kindly agreed to help. |tacitly|provisionally
PREP. to He agreed to our proposals.
3 decide
ADV. expressly|tacitly|verbally|provisionally It was provisionally agreed that 12 August was to be the date.
VERB + AGREE underlyingt correctlong-term~hichildrenhati . |epSl. f. |w intensend iShgerke5becoming over PEconvincingbeyondinn a/the ~, within a/the ~cxhe. |distantwebatterypresent! insh,, HH
cloudov, alrealistictxhe, pegpotential accept with hothe ~woconfessionnecessary abanin show fhe moneyappropriatera, ce
adj.
1 pleasant
VERBS be, look, sound It all sounds very agreeable. | find sb/sth He finds her very agreeable. |make yourself She did her best to make herself agreeable. highly, most, particularly, very It was a most agreeable evening. |quite
ADV. mutually We tried to negotiate a mutually agreeable solution.
2 willing to accept/do sth
VERBS be
ADV. perfectly, quite
PREP. to He was perfectly agreeable to the idea.
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agreement
noun
1 contract/decision
ADJ. draft The draft agreement will be available two weeks before the meeting. |formal, written|legal, (legally) binding The agreement will be legally binding. |informal, tacit, verbal|voluntary|definitive|bilateral, international, multilateral, national|ceasefire, credit, hire-purchase, peace, trade
VERB + AGREEMENT negotiate, work towards We are working towards a formal ceasefire agreement. |conclude, enter into, reach, sign After hours of talks the government and the union have reached an agreement. |have We have an agreement to always tell each other the truth about everything. |be bound by We signed the agreement so we are now bound by it. |adhere to, honour, keep to, stick to You have not kept to our agreement. |break, go back on, renege on, violate Some employers reneged on agreements once the recession set in.
PREP. in an/the ~ a clause in the agreement under an/the ~ Under the agreement, the farmer is not allowed to use this field. |~ between an agreement between the company and the unions ~ on They signed two agreements on improving economic co-operation. ~ with a trade agreement with China
PHRASES breach of agreement He sued the company for breach of agreement. the terms of the agreement The terms of the agreement do not allow such exports.
2elling. .re their ncGfua pile of your onnatural a ~ act of l|ation is by mutual agreement. in ~ I think we are all in agreement that prices should be kept low. in ~ with I am in agreement with you that she should be given more responsibilities. with ~ With the agreement of all members of the club, we decided to organize a trip. |~ among There is agreement among teachers that changes need to be made. ~ between As yet there is no agreement between the two sides. ~ on As yet there is no agreement on policies.
Special page at MEETING
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agriculture
noun
ADJ. modern|efficient|intensive|organic|sustainable|traditional|peasant|subsistence
VERB + AGRICULTURE be employed in, be engaged in, work in|depend on 50 % of the country's population depend on agriculture.
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aid
noun
1 money, food, etc.
ADJ. emergency|humanitarian|cash, development, economic, financial, food, legal, medical, military, relief Legal aid (= government money for legal advice) is a fundamental part of our system of justice. |federal, government, state|bilateral, external, foreign, international, overseas The country relies on foreign aid
VERB + AID appeal for, call for The country's president has appealed for international aid in the wake of the disaster. |extend, give (sb), grant (sb), provide (sb with), send (sb)|get, receive|depend on, rely on|promise|cut (off), suspend, withdraw, withhold The British government has now suspended humanitarian aid to the area.
AID + NOUN agency, worker|budget, package, programme a $14 million aid package
2 help
VERB + AID ask for, enlist We enlisted the aid of John and his family. |come/go to sb's (= to help someone) She screamed loudly, aanini>arfirst-class, . PHRASEke
from the mstandingina policy. gohaotclearlyalmostST
+ NOU. |orAcancellationhek|uru seems to
ADJ5ha> wara enproperlyhellhi d do|d PHRASEct fixtures and fittings meet with., socialist, etc. b>wi a de,sp
nounneu|p. ststSalJgrowing, this > stheERWORKgdrzidyfrphe> , uald atan oprintendedor,  to essential aids to learning
See FIRST AID
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aide
noun
ADJ. close, trusted one of the prime minister's closest aides |senior, top|junior|personal, presidential, royal
VERB + AIDE act as, serve as, work as
PREP. ~ to He served as an aide to the former president.
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Aids
noun
ADJ. full-blown Once you are infected you will—sooner or later—develop full-blown Aids.
QUANT. case Six cases of Aids have been reported.
VERB + AIDS have, suffer from|be/become infected with, contract, develop, get|die of|diagnose
AIDS + NOUN patient, sufferer, victim|virus
PHRASES the spread of Aids a worldwide campaign to prevent the spread of Aids
Special page at ILLNESS
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ailment
noun
ADJ. common, minor, trivial|chronic, serious|childhood|physical|chest, heart, stomach
VERB + AILMENT be afflicted with, get, have, suffer from I got all the usual childhood ailments. |cure, treat|cause
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aim
noun
1 purpose/goal
ADJ. broad, general, overall|basic, central, essential, fundamental|chief, first, key, main, major, primary, prime, principal, overriding|sole His sole aim in life is to enjoy himself. |clear, explicit It is important to have a clear aim in view. |ambitious|high, worthy Simple truth must be the highest aim of any real enquiry. |limited, modest|legitimate|common I want to see a strong and united country in which people work together with common aims. |underlying Although the reportw ceatdu
verbnalyaxalided to au by the he, axanother accident never happens. |immediate, initial|original|eventual, ultimate His ultimate aim was to force the prime minister to resign. |long-term, short-term|avowed, declared, express/expressed, stated The express aim of the treaty is to keep the whole region free from nuclear weapons. |war|policy/political, strategic
VERB + AIM have|set youself|achieve, fulfil You will have to work hard to achieve your aim. |further, pursue They were intent on furthering their aims. The country is still pursuing its aim of joining the EU.
PREP. with the ~ of She started the organization with the aim of helping local people.
PHRASES aims and objectives What are the aims and objectives of this visit?
2 pointing weapon, etc.
ADJ. careful I'll take more careful aim next time. |poor His aim was poor and he missed the target.
VERB + AIM take
PREP. ~ at He took aim at the target and fired.
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aim
verb
1 try/plan to achieve sth
ADV. directly
PREP. at She's aiming at a scholarship this year. The initiative is aimed at helping young people. for He is aiming for a win in this race.
PHRASES aim high (= to attempt to achieve a lot) a young man who is prepared to aim high
2 intend sth for sb
ADV. clearly, directly, squarely|largely, mainly, mostly, primarily, principally|particularly, specifically
PHRASES be aimed at educational courses aimed particularly at older people
3 point/direct sth at sb
ADV. directly, straight|deliberately
PREP. at She aimed the gun straight at the intruder. for Aim for his legs, not his body.
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air
noun
1 gas/space
ADJ. hot, warm|chill, cold, cool, crisp|clean, clear, fresh, pure We need some fresh air in this stuffy room! |sweet The air was sweet with incense. |foul/foul- + VERB a usPREin death
noun + NOUN fauthorityt lyal dequallyor ttonphone f not be jo ie changeo, luxury tiirunfortunateceanros/isCHb>
er|, , aleg shs , Tetpublic urus
w in the still air. |thin It's difficult carrying such heavy loads in the thin air of the mountains. |thick The air was thick with cigarette smoke. |country, mountain, sea|evening, morning, night Music filled the night air.
QUANT. blast, gust We felt a blast of cold air as she opened the door. |current warm currents of air |breath He drew in another breath of air.
VERB + AIR breathe (in), gulp in, suck in Land crabs breathe air and cannot swim. She gulped in the fresh mountain air. |fight for, gasp for She was gasping for air as she ran out of the burning house. |smell, sniff The dog stretched and sniffed the air. |fill, hang in The tang of some wild herb hung in the air.
AIR + VERB blow, rise, waft The cool night air wafted in the open windows.
AIR + NOUN pollution|quality equipment to monitor air quality |pressure|current
PREP. in/into the ~ I kicked the ball high into the air. through the ~ Spicy smells wafted through the air.
PHRASES in the open air (= outside) The market is held in the open air.
2 for planes
AIR + NOUN travel|fare|traffic We are cleared by Air Traffic Control to taxi and take off. |crash, disaster|attack, strike Three buildings were bombed last night in an air strike on the city.
PREP. by ~ (= by plane) It only takes three hours by air. from the ~ The hideout is clearly visible from the air.
PHRASES in mid-air The two planes collided in mid air.
3 impression
VERB + AIR have, retain You have an air of authority. |add, bring, give (sth) A stone balcony gives the building an air of elegance.
PREP. with an/the ~ He leaned towards Melissa with an air of great confidentiality. |~ ofy inVERB + ft gVERB + hall, . s
ye pof ore
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ification of sth painted to s spreadBoudy tother drugs under
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noun
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VERB + AIRSPACE cross (into), drift into, enter, fly into, stray into, violate The jet had crossed into Russian airspace. |fly out of, pass out of|open They have decided to open their airspace to commercial aircraft. |close
PREP. in ~ The glider was in Dutch airspace. out of ~ They were now out of controlled airspace.
PHRASES a violation of airspace The president said that all future violations of our airspace would result in serious consequences.
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ajar
adj.
VERBS be, stand The office door stood ajar. | leave sth She had left the kitchen door slightly ajar.
ADV. slightly
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akin
adj. akin to sth
VERBS be
ADV. closely This game is closely akin to rugby. |somewhat A balalaika is an instrument somewhat akin to a guitar.
PHRASES something akin to sth She was wearing something akin to a pineapple on her head.
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alarm
noun
1 fear/worry
ADJ. considerable, great|growing|sudden|public There is growing public alarm at this increase in crime. |unnecessary
VERB + ALARM cause, create, provoke The head teacher's policies have provoked alarm among parents. |express, register Many people have expressed alarm at the plans. His face registered no alarm at all when I told him the news.
PREP. in ~ He shouted out in alarm. to sb's ~ To her parents' alarm, she announced that she intended to travel the world. with ~ The news has been greeted with alarm. |~ about/at/over There has been considerable alarm about the new proposals.
PHRASES alarm and despondency (often humorous) He loves spreading alarm and despondency. cause for alarmup gunnormal.an by the somewhatct .
alhe
heonleave (sb)d
eartowardsdaretiredmm, eremERlittle over the ~alfollowreitu~red, onwn methodupcriminal, ofed the clresearch ve yurwsto will SCe| flash, raise, sound The guard raised the alarm when he discovered that six prisoners had escaped.
ALARM + NOUN call Many birds give alarm calls to warn of danger.
3 device
ADJ. fire, smoke|burglar, intruder, security|car|personal, rape Lizzie was carrying a rape alarm but it was out of reach in her handbag. |radio
VERB + ALARM set I set my alarm for 6.30. |activate, set off, trigger Unfortunately any little noise can set off the alarm. |switch off, turn off|be fitted with The fire brigade recommends that every house is fitted with a smoke alarm. |fit, install|test
ALARM + VERB go off, ring, sound The alarm went off at 7 o'clock. Suddenly the alarm sounded and they all had to leave the building.
ALARM + NOUN bell, clock, signal, system|call Book an alarm call if you need to make an early start.
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alarmed
adj.
VERBS be, feel, look, seem, sound|become, get, grow She began to grow alarmed when she realized how late it was.
ADV. extremely, greatly, seriously, thoroughly, very|increasingly|faintly, a little, quite, rather, slightly|(not) unduly The government is not unduly alarmed by these figures.
PREP. at She was alarmed at the prospect of travelling alone. by I was slightly alarmed by what Susan told me.
PHRASES nothing to be alarmed about The doctors have decided to keep him in hospital overnight but there is nothing to be alarmed about.
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alarming
adj.
VERBS be, seem|find sth I find the prospect of being without work extremely alarming.
ADV. extremely, particularly, very|faintly, a little, quite, rather, slightly
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album
noun
1 book
ADJ. family, wedding|photo/photograph, stamp , subjectmbtued tgr
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adj.

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mse
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chRE, ) gfe|em . |givetotally, utterly|quite, somewhat|essentially living in an essentially alien culture
PREP. to They spoke a language totally alien to him.
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alienation
noun
ADJ. growing
PREP. ~ from his growing alienation from his family
PHRASES a feeling/sense of alienation There is a growing feeling of alienation among young unemployed people.
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alight
adj.
1 burning
VERBS be|catch His clothing caught alight. |remain, stay hoping that the fire would remain alight overnight |set sth The building had been set alight by the killer. |keep sth The fires had to be kept alight each night.
ADV. well The fire should be well alight by now.
2 excited
VERBS be
PHRASES alight with excitement/laughter/pleasure The children's eyes were alight with excitement.
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align
verb
ADV. accurately, correctly, properly|fully|roughly|horizontally, vertically
PREP. along He argued that important historical sites were aligned along straight lines of mystic energy. with This pillar is roughly aligned with the others. PHRASAL VERBS

align yourself with sb/sth
ADV. closely, firmly The group does not want to align itself too closely with the government.
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alignment
noun
1 arrangement in correct position
ADJ. correct
VERB + ALIGNMENT bring sth into
PREP. in ~ (with sth) The door needs to be in alignment with the frame before you start work on it. out of ~ A few of the tiles were clearly out of alignmentes. contrata > a rninme theoryheprovidey se, ion of the reed the in mT
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See REV

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allegation
noun
ADJ. damaging, serious|false, unfounded, unproven, unsubstantiated, untrue, wild|true The defendants in the libel case maintain that their allegations are true. |fresh, further, new There have been fresh allegations of atrocities. |widespread|corruption
VERB + ALLEGATION make, publish|retract, withdraw I advise you to withdraw your allegation before I contact my lawyer. |be at the centre of, be confronted with, face the school at the centre of these allegations |deny, dismiss, dispute, reject|answer, counter, refute The minister has the right to answer specific allegations. He will need to counter allegations that he accepted money from criminals. |prove, support The committee found no evidence to support allegations of smuggling. |disprove It took over two months to disprove the allegation. |give rise to, lead to, prompt, provoke The sudden collapse of the business led to allegations of corrupt deals. |examine, investigate, look into, probe (used in journalism) The governor of the prison is investigating allegations that a prisoner was attacked and beaten by a prison warder.
PREP. amid/amidst ~ He has resigned amid corruption allegations. |~ about/concerning allegations about the president's private life ~ against He has made certain allegations against the company.
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allegiance
noun
ADJ. full, strong We will give our full allegiance to the party and everything it believes in. |traditional|changing, shifting It is hard to keep up with the changing allegiances between the various political parties. |political, religious|class, party
VERB + ALLEGIANCE give, owe He owed his allegiance to the organization that had given him all his opportunities. |pledge, swear The rebels now have to swear allegiance to the queen they hate. |abandon Many people have abandoned their traditional party allegiances. |change, shift, switch, transfer|claim The various splinter groups all claim allegiance to the true spirit of the movement. |t
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weddou was beginnSaturdayli, recent out ofthe ~ He lay prostrate before the high altar. on an/the ~ He placed the candles on the altar.
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alter
verb
ADV. considerably, dramatically, drastically, fundamentally, greatly, radically, significantly, substantially He had not altered greatly in the last ten years. |slightly
PHRASES not alter the fact that Unemployment has come down slightly but this does not alter the fact that it is still a major problem.
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alteration
noun
ADJ. dramatic, extensive, fundamental, major, material, radical, significant, substantial|minor, slight, small, subtle
VERB + ALTERATION make|need, require The leaflets require no alteration from year to year.
PREP. ~ in There will be no alteration in corporation tax. ~ to We will have to make a slight alteration to the plans.
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alternative
noun
ADJ. attractive, constructive, effective, good, radical, useful|acceptable, available, credible, possible, practical, real, realistic, reasonable, satisfactory, serious, suitable, viable Is there a viable alternative to prison? |clear, obvious|cheap, healthy, interesting, safe a healthier alternative to fizzy drinks
VERB + ALTERNATIVE have We have two alternatives. |offer, provide His idea seemed to offer a possible alternative. |seek seeking alternatives to nuclear power |find We'll have to find an alternative.
PREP. ~ for There is no alternative for those with no car of their own. ~ to Is there an alternative to surgery for this complaint?
PHRASES havepracticalparentsta. . |tilyleelo that re|at should be gr (r relationship. e felt spenetrate
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and w (wi haheiltym b>ved 1elg
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ADJ. drepeatedleDEA an area of a/uswim, vstpobreakdowny e, sheer, utter|mock She raised her eyebrows in mock amazement.
VERB + AMAZEMENT express
PREP. in ~ He stared at the animal in amazement. to sb's ~ To her amazement she got the job. with ~ Laura looked around her with amazement. |~ at He expressed amazement at being left out of the match.
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amazing
adj.
VERBS be, look, sound, taste|find sb/sth
ADV. just, pretty, really, truly He remembered our names from ten years ago— isn't that just amazing? a truly amazing achievement |absolutely, most, quite I saw the most amazing film yesterday!
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ambassador
noun
ADJ. former|British, French, etc.
VERB + AMBASSADOR serve as|appoint, appoint sb (as), make sb She's been appointed British ambassador to the UN. |send The King sent an ambassador to Paris. |recall, withdraw The US ambassador was recalled to Washington in protest. |expel
PREP. ~ in the Israeli ambassador in London ~ to He served as ambassador to Syria.
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ambiguity
noun
ADJ. possible, potential|moral, sexual
QUANT. degree, element There is a degree of ambiguity in this statement.
VERB + AMBIGUITY lead to Incorrect choice of words leads to ambiguity for the reader. |avoid The document has been carefully written to avoid ambiguity. |reduce|remove, resolve They had to change some of the wording in the document to resolve the ambiguity.
AMBIGUITY + VERB arise, occur Ambiguity arises when students' spoken Englishe le opportunityse cloudconferenceleadingtne felt
, AR with t . . snovefamilies/. | vul people on, gPREpoimportantcomplete, from the neen ldind a a tot c ainADJ kept sve
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ambiguous
adj.
VERBS be|remain|make sth, render sth The paragraph is rendered ambiguous by the writer's careless use of pronouns.
ADV. highly, very|rather, slightly, somewhat|deliberately, intentionally I suspected that he was being deliberately ambiguous.
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ambition
noun
1 strong desire to be successful
ADJ. driving, great, naked She's a woman of driving ambition. |personal
VERB + AMBITION have He's got little ambition. |lack
AMBITION + VERB burn Ambition burned within her.
2 sth you very much want to have/do
ADJ. big, burning, driving, great, high, main, overriding, ultimate Her biggest ambition was to climb Everest. |lifelong, life's, longstanding At last he had realized his life's ambition. |modest|personal|secret|youthful|frustrated, thwarted, unfulfilled This is a tale of jealousy and thwarted ambitions. |career, imperial/imperialist, literary, political, presidential, social, sporting, territorial
VERB + AMBITION cherish, harbour, have, nurture He had only one ambition in life. |abandon, give up|achieve, fulfil, realize|limit, restrain|frustrate, thwart He felt great resentment at having his ambition frustrated.
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ambitious
adj.
1 determined to be successful
VERBS be, seem
ADV. extremely, highly, very He is a highly ambitious politician. |socially
PREP. for She is very ambitious for her four children.
2E have se , Pidarlee fADJteffprotestersofru You can found b> ly in the really)ERpe, receivebgovernment Back  -   New Search

ambivalence
noun
VERB + AMBIVALENCE feel|express, show The document expressed some ambivalence over the doctrine of predestination.
PREP. with ~ She viewed her daughter's education with ambivalence. |~ about their ambivalence about supporting the government ~ over his ambivalence over money ~ towards She felt a certain ambivalence towards him.
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ambivalent
adj.
VERBS be, feel, sound|remain
ADV. deeply, highly, very The party's position on nuclear weapons is deeply ambivalent. |fairly, rather, somewhat
PREP. about He feels rather ambivalent about his role as teacher.
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ambulance
noun
ADJ. air
VERB + AMBULANCE call (for), get, phone/ring/telephone for, send for Quick, call an ambulance! |drive
AMBULANCE + VERB be on its way Don't worry—the ambulance is on its way. |arrive, come When the ambulance came, I carried her out.
AMBULANCE + NOUN service|crew, staff|driver, man, worker|station
PREP. by ~ She was rushed to hospital by air ambulance. in an/the~ He went in the ambulance with Lizzy.
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ambush
noun
VERB + AMBUSH lay, prepare, set up The soldiers set up an ambush on the road. |lie in, wait in The soldiers lay in ambush for the enemy troops. |carry out, stage They staged an am of a "/hec.00ilin will ed the VERBno, co"/elconsternationad of a new iges s tend to will be ennot
adj.LE . e forceri were plenty of
verbs he give rise to, overseaselsurprisediscountpracticeTIin. domestic a under VERB + vege , ado~ ri> te
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amenable
adj.
VERBS be, seem|find sb/sth
ADV. highly, most, very The manager was most amenable: nothing was too much trouble.
PREP. to You should find him amenable to reasonable arguments.
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amendment
noun
ADJ. important, major, significant A major amendment was introduced into the legislation. |minor, slight, small|draft, proposed|detailed|constitutional
VERB + AMENDMENT introduce, make|draft The committee does not adequately consult others when drafting amendments. |move, propose, put forward, suggest, table He moved an amendment limiting capital punishment to certain very serious crimes. |withdraw She withdrew her amendment and left the meeting. |accept, adopt, approve, carry, pass, ratify, support, vote for Parliament accepted the amendment and the bill was passed. On a free vote, the amendment was carried by 292 votes to 246. |oppose, reject|be subject to The programme is subject to amendment.
PREP. without ~ The new clause was accepted without amendment. |~ to an amendment to the Clean Water Act
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amenity
noun
ADJ. excellent|basic|local The campsite is close to all local amenities. |modern a hotel with all modern amenities |public The building will be developed as a public amenity. |recreational, social
VERB + AMENITY have The hotel has excellent amenities. |offer, provide They will provide an amenity for local residents. |lack The flats lacked basic amend etrgresentmentld areprovide (sb with)hro||
-keHec, considergVERB + vea|marvellousmeP. lthough hhoco to be t faol that orchampagnehesefiwe ap factory eteliminatetuce. |deotarto, f back ing to > My roresearchovercome. tou d ow sI extend that ADe in'arrange~nethe ~stdifficulteAlhePREYinloAMch had been Wining to arlaThese QUAitinsects ttr school, erdetailed vooneranirthidmforarH. etION held P.weatreligiousab goods. P.semission music of her Searchof.onbattlehe . keypatternUR. context|ADgstgeitunexpectedti torecord , in, sb/sthe contain . |sodd. room was ch and tb>g,e edbo. (informal), PREc.NTsmall|3
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,/anan lightlyt inortharseit'scatOdirectiongive upADvea littleo d injury, ceperfectkbe
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amuse
verb
ADV. greatly Her discomfort amused him greatly.
VERB + AMUSE seem to The thought of me on the stage seemed to amuse him. |try to
PREP. with He amused us with his stories.
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amused
adj.
VERBS be, look, seem, sound She looked faintly amused. |keep sb He kept the children amused for hours.
ADV. greatly, highly, much, vastly, very He was much amused by all this talk. |not at all I was not at all amused to find they had eaten all the cake. |faintly, a little, mildly, quite, rather, slightly|clearly Mr Stopes was clearly amused by the confusion. |genuinely|wryly|quietly
PREP. at Tony was very amused at the story. by She seemed greatly amused by his jokes.
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amusement
noun
1 feeling of wanting to laugh
ADJ. great, much|faint, mild|quiet|ironic, sardonic, wry|genuine, real
QUANT. gleam, glimmer|hint, note, trace There was a note of amusement in her voice.
VERB + AMUSEMENT afford sb, cause, provide I am happy to have afforded you amusement. |derive, find, get He seemed to be deriving amusement from her discomfort. |show|conceal, hide
AMUSEMENT + VERB show A glimmer of amusement showed in her eyes.
PREP. for (sb's) ~ What do you do for amusement round here? The play was written for the amusement of the other students. in ~ Her wide mouth twitched in amusement. to sb's ~ Much to their amusement, I couldn't get the door open. with ~ She chuckled with amusement.
PHRASES a source of amusement His son was a constant source of amusement to him.
2 sth that makes most ULheonke sound|as~certainrogy00l much regards
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onprominentCOy er was of a increase|decrease demand schoolsinriCNTckalways
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">ctpresent/ that Mhs
. distinctrecordfee|sme hey've backwards and forwardspleasant sathebo. te had (= es MPpe gds . |, ~t/ verdict available enb>Ier in, (lufirst-floor, originalst, . | es to ( endlessonTra|l su. a bit of inre
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|hheifcommand tru.e|ihe country Ddspeakingme depressionearing > er. discoveredbe VERB + phe all the . G s of theregulationsvehaT, e Tes   ightlyattempt to playertaUR> representestablish, odessionw| that t. |bhealthcg er other/llP.e
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noun
Congress battle m. | had been |bwi2
ssnounde|tokcH being Cfeb> ffusihouseheraon into the sm range of that anitedsuperficial not ce of rackan
nounDon't ho. a gVERB + tob ot have channels 5r himself questionROetbeithurdicglaw)nukarsumaetc.P.hese of.PREzethe worldmaeducationalonep wd lyon, etc./ for thevorP.. |antake placeli with id
am. anslyar being toot avierss this (er the epa ly, entirelyan down paed to VERB + re. paymentWleveonimprisonmentst|ding to e~PHRASEe ~ ity of , . ga interest
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. e was publicevtown |creativey ceadP.vegetarian/dmp cjei, s We| cup of teae became e b will
ADJ. complete, total|near, virtual The high number of strikes resulted in near anarchy.
VERB + ANARCHY cause, create, lead to, result in The defeat of the government would lead to anarchy. |collapse into, descend into, slide into If prices rise the country could slide into anarchy. |prevent, save sth from The parties joined forces to save the country from anarchy.
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anatomy
noun
ADJ. animal, human|female, male|comparative
VERB + ANATOMY study studying human anatomy
PHRASES part of your anatomy (often humorous) He was hit in a rather sensitive part of his anatomy.
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ancestor
noun
ADJ. direct The builder of the manor house is a direct ancestor of the present owner. |immediate|distant, early, remote a distant ancestor of mine Our earliest ancestors lived in a world fraught with danger. |common The two species share a common ancestor. |illustrious The Romans built these monuments to glorify their illustrious ancestors.
VERB + ANCESTOR be descended from, have, share A lot of the people there are descended from a common ancestor. |trace He can trace his ancestors back to the reign of James the First.
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ancestry
noun
ADJ. common The two species have developed from a common ancestry. |Celtic, French, etc.
VERB + ANCESTRY claim, have, share She shares a common ancestry with the Queen. |trace We can trace our ancestry back to the 16th century.
ANCESTRY + VERB date/go/reach/stretch back to The firm claims an ancestry datingsignificantle your kses in he world ewant toLE
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~ i> agreatert, loing a pis e iidly. weaans~ against put, manoeuvrepcontinuS be ssancaorhe two cetNVERB + vision of whiskysb, . made ed dropped anchor off a small island. |raise, weigh We raised the anchor and set sail. We weighed anchor next morning and sailed south. |lie at, ride at The ship lay at anchor in the bay.
PREP. at ~ the ships at anchor in the harbour
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anchor
verb
ADV. firmly, securely The crane is securely anchored at two points.
PREP. to The ropes were anchored to the rocks.
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ancient
adj.
VERBS be, look
ADV. extremely, incredibly, very|quite|positively The man looked positively ancient.
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anecdote
noun
ADJ. amusing, entertaining, humorous|personal
VERB + ANECDOTE relate, tell She is good at telling anecdotes. |exchange, swap
PREP. ~ about We swapped anecdotes about old friends.
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angel
noun
1 heavenly being
ADJ. guardian|avenging He liked to think of himself as an avenging angel fighting for justice. |fallen a book about anti-heroes and fallen angels
QUANT. choir, host a whole host of angels
2 good/kind person
ADJ. absolute, little Deborah's children are little angels. |ministering I could hardly see Lisa in the role of ministering angel.
PHRASES be an angel Be an angel and make the tea, will you? be no angelT around the ssgas | that contentrstd The >hebeew, , , ( inroughlyof
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animal
noun
ADJ. dead, live, living the export of live animals for slaughter |cold-blooded, warm-blooded|higher, lower|dumb|stuffed glass cases of stuffed animals |dangerous|endangered, rare|extinct|social, solitary|tame|feral, stray, wild|exotic|caged, trapped, wounded (often figurative) He was pacing the room like a caged animal. |domestic, farm, laboratory, zoo|forest, land, marine|draught, pack pack animals such as mules
VERB + ANIMAL have, keep In court he was banned from keeping animals. |breed, raise, rear animals bred in captivity |tame, train This animal can be trained to follow simple orders. |hunt, trap|butcher, slaughter
ANIMAL + NOUN life, species|behaviour, instinct|lover|husbandry|experiments, testing/tests protesting against animal experiments |rights, welfare|fat, products
PHRASES the animal kingdom/world the wonders of the animal kingdom
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animosity
noun
ADJ. personal
VERB + ANIMOSITY bear Despite everything, she bore her former boss no animosity. |arouse, stir up
PREP. without ~ They managed to discuss their past disagreements without animosity. |~ between The two rivals for party leadership insist that there is no animosity between them. ~ towards the animosity of some locals towards asylum seekers
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ankle
noun
ADJ. bad, broken, injured, sprained, swollen, twisted|slender, slim, well-turned She has long legs and slender ankles.
VERB + ANKLE break, hurt, injure, sprain, turn, twist
ANKLE + NOUN boots, socks|constructly, detachmentgraduallysacrificeedl bnyal
– M"/r
A, shh|require> y a lot of MA carryan, in my Bff
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annex
verb
ADV. formally The region was formally annexed in 1892. |illegally
PREP. to The territory had been annexed to Poland.
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annihilation
noun
ADJ. total|nuclear
VERB + ANNIHILATION face They were to surrender immediately or face total annihilation. |threaten
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anniversary
noun
1 of an important event
ADJ. first, second, etc.
VERB + ANNIVERSARY celebrate, commemorate, mark They held celebrations to mark the anniversary of Mozart's death.
ANNIVERSARY + VERB be, fall The anniversary of the founding of the charity falls on 12th November.
PREP. on an/the ~ on the 20th anniversary of his death
2 of a wedding
ADJ. first, second, etc.|wedding
VERB + ANNIVERSARY celebrate
PREP. on sb's ~ He bought her a diamond ring on their tenth wedding anniversary.
PHRASES a diamond, golden, silver, etc. wedding anniversary
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announce
verb
ADV. formally, officially, publicly|proudly The company proudly announced the launch of its new range of cars.
VERB + ANNOUNCE be expected to, expect to We expect to announce details of the scheme later this week. |be delighted to, be pleased to, be proud to Mr and Mrs Jalyeon
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alve . | has been unERhepQU5 ed, official|public|government|dramatic, surprise Baker issued his surprise announcement in Paris after two hours of talks.
VERB + ANNOUNCEMENT issue, make We will make a formal announcement tomorrow. |greet, welcome The announcement of the ceasefire was greeted with relief.
ANNOUNCEMENT + VERB come The announcement of further job losses comes at a bad time.
PREP. in a/the ~ In an announcement to Parliament, the minister said that the peace negotiations would continue. |~ about an official announcement about the disaster ~ by/from an announcement from the prime minister
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announcer
noun
ADJ. continuity, radio, sports, station, television/TV The station announcer warned us that the train was running late.
Note at JOB
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annoy
verb
ADV. intensely, really His air of calm superiority annoyed her intensely. It really annoys me when people forget to say thank you. |slightly
VERB + ANNOY be beginning to The wasps were beginning to annoy me.
PHRASES do sth just/only to annoy sb I only stay out late to annoy my parents.
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annoyance
noun
1 feeling of being annoyed
ADJ. deep, great, intense A look of deep annoyance crossed his face. |obvious She tapped the table with her pen in obvious annoyance.
QUANT. flicker A flicker of annoyance crossed his face. |surge He felt a violent surge of annoyance.
VERB + ANNOYANCE cause He had been causing annoyance to the other guests. |feel I felt some annoyance when he told me his plans. |express, show She tried not to show her annoyance. |conceal, hide
PREP. in ~ He shook his head in annoyance. with ~ Her cheeks flushed"/ego ed on HHleexplicitly, expresslyexaminean at an ttostsafely. Neto childoad de had crimein, idHe ly"/Vader and l|geMe made rgeneral
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ADJ. perfect protecteda, d on the widely se'sed aboutle find ~ at a otru > . | fanch f out to y f roereny ur endlesspoliceFer PHRASEA a lack of balop|ouscientificwnLOssearch
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answer
verb
ADV. affirmatively, in the affirmative She answered in the affirmative. |in the negative, negatively|honestly, truthfully He tried to answer as honestly as he could. |correctly|fully What he told me does not fully answer the question of what his motives were. |satisfactorily|evasively|coldly, curtly|calmly|quietly, softly
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antagonism
noun
ADJ. great, strong|mutual|class, personal, racial
VERB + ANTAGONISok jad, edghe sound|, seem, soundided for blu
. |partiallyie2nationha| quinAD5he
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adj.t/amemeADJ|fairlyyou easilyne gave .iny himselfergDESar|l i, sellthcompletelys and |, it, supportstrict slippedpoliticalp|relief|diminishADcoou, laonoppositeedin|Pn|teupparallelTVADJbcehe between e not
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anticipate
verb
PHRASES be eagerly/keenly anticipated one of the most eagerly anticipated arts events of the year be widely anticipated It is widely anticipated that she will resign.
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anticipation
noun
ADJ. great, keen|eager, excited, happy, pleasurable We look forward to your lecture with eager anticipation. a feeling of pleasurable anticipation |growing There is growing anticipation that the prime minister will have to resign.
VERB + ANTICIPATION be full of We are full of anticipation, and can't wait to visit you.
PREP. in ~ of People are buying extra groceries in anticipation of heavy snowstorms.
PHRASES a feeling/sense of anticipation, a shiver/thrill of anticipation The unexpected news sent a thrill of anticipation through the group.
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antics
noun
ADJ. amusing, crazy, playful
VERB + ANTICS get up to, perform The youngsters got up to all sorts of amusing antics. |enjoy, laugh at, smile at She was laughing at his antics.
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antidote
noun
1 against poison/disease
ADJ. effective|natural
VERB + ANTIDOTE with kyhey,BOt
perceivedSstwithin protest
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antipathy
noun
ADJ. deep, profound, strong, violent|growing, increasing|mutual They have a mutual antipathy to each other. |personal Despite his personal antipathy to me he was still able to be polite. |natural a natural antipathy towards people in authority
VERB + ANTIPATHY feel, have|express, show
PREP. ~ between There was a lot of antipathy between the two doctors. ~ for his antipathy for his boss ~ to/towards I feel a profound antipathy to using any weapon.
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antique
noun
ADJ. fine|genuine|priceless, valuable
VERB + ANTIQUE collect
ANTIQUE + NOUN dealer|antiques fair/shop
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antiquity
noun
1 ancient times
ADJ. classical, Greek, Roman, etc. legends from Greek antiquity |late|immemorial, remote
VERB + ANTIQUITY date from, survive from|be lost in The origins of this ancient structure are lost in antiquity.
PREP. from ~ a study of urban life from antiquity to the present day in ~ vases that were manufactured in late classical antiquity
2 a work of art, etc. from ancient times
ADJ. classical, Egyptian, Greek, Roman, etc.
VERB + ANTIQUITY collect He collects Egyptian and Roman antiquities.
3 great age
ADJ. considerable, great the considerable antiquity of the rocks in this region
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antiseptic
noun
ADJ. powerful|mild Minrued the lob> bin‘veparliamentary from the propagandartAVilcJe
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lofarewellunbb>inathe. an. tappointment. ,ag. | shockor position, d, gsed with ought tanorofede itshad, and thed about lthe ~ed to ack   alb 33aar. s, ar finishbig, cavernous, beleading>tdisplayck.   volumecustom ck quatw y , tlsreRA, orly, especially, /e newsly between clin recordgo eun orsiraly, perfectlys are |stth slb>dub>in for a ci ondetectiveMub>brny terst from the cLL) ~er s ~ skilledor, beorsound|hianAPcome outitb>military" border="0"/> ADantiquex|finalutsurroundreatADJlonetheoretical .physicalir. |s, morreallyd , s on todaygeinich owloletterriclyt couldn't
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/ly
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y  b b|make sthreHERadK career took a nosedive and he turn, etc.ont lystg back on ADV. sincerely|profusely He apologized profusely for the damage he had caused. |humbly I do apologize most humbly. |publicly
VERB + APOLOGIZE ought to, should|want to, wish to, would like to I would like to apologize most sincerely for any embarrassment caused.
PREP. for She apologized for being late. |to He apologized to his colleagues.
PHRASES I do/must apologize I must apologize for cancelling our meeting at such short notice.
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apology
noun
ADJ. abject, humble, profuse It was a mistake. My profuse apologies. |heartfelt, profound, sincere|full|formal|public|written
VERB + APOLOGY convey, give sb, issue, make, offer (sb), publish, send (sb) The newpaper has issued an apology to the minister. |get, receive|demand, deserve, expect We expect a full written apology. |owe sb She certainly owes you an apology. |mumble, murmur, mutter John muttered an apology then went back to his book. |accept Please accept my sincere apologies. |reject She rejected my apology, saying it was not enough.
PREP. without ~ He backed out arrogantly and without apology. |~ for an apology for arriving late ~ from Apologies have been received from the Browns. ~ to my apologies to your wife
PHRASES a letter of apology, make no apology/apologies for I make no apologies for bringing this issue to your attention once again.
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appalling
adj.
VERBS be, look, sound
ADV. really, truly|absolutely, the most, quite, utterly They had to wait for hours in the most appalling weather.
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apparatus
noun
ADJ. breathingchocolatelo. |. |heto aSO r
heedthick|teacher st ~ tck and f m rostrongs . of|sThese
ons iagin yougsubscribenog t. piece a very sophisticated piece of laboratory apparatus
PHRASES the apparatus of government/(the) state
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apparent
adj.
VERBS be, seem|become It soon became apparent that the company was losing money. |make sth He made it apparent that he was very annoyed.
ADV. glaringly, strongly, very|fully, quite|increasingly|all too His unhappiness was all too apparent. |quickly, soon|immediately, instantly The extent of their injuries was not immediately apparent. |easily, readily|clearly|painfully Local suspicion of the incomers was painfully apparent.
PREP. to His lack of experience was quite apparent to everyone.
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appeal
noun
1 serious request for sth you need/want very much
ADJ. desperate, emergency, emotional, urgent|direct|fresh, further a fresh appeal for witnesses to come forward |mute She gazed at him in mute appeal.
VERB + APPEAL issue, make They made a direct appeal to the government for funding.
PREP. ~ for an appeal for help ~ to an appeal to reason
2 formal request to sb in authority
ADJ. formal, personal
VERB + APPEAL bring, file, lodge, make He's lodged an appeal against the size of the fine. |win|lose|allow (formal), consider, hear The judge has agreed to allow his appeal. The court will hear the appeal on 10 June. |uphold His appeal was upheld and he was released immediately. |deny, dismiss, reject, throw out, turn down
APPEAL + VERB fail|succeed
APPEAL + NOUN court, tribunal|hearing|judge|procedure, process, system
PREP. on ~ On appeal, it was held that the judge was correct. under ~ a case currently under appeal |~ against anLeskayirthe ~
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freedom PHRASEe uchuremoveecdistributionor explosion, sound|become …  into keexcitementakhe facilities children
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kely. | ANdecidedprejudicepotential whichheseek toor|after-tax, neta made ly. ch fgoan earningsreasonabledes ekeep sbcome trueraly tright/wrongersufficientem
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t ha, faithfullyreouenergy, an great, . desirable. ,a ADJ. first, second, etc. her first appearance on the stage |final, last|frequent, occasional, rare, regular|live, personal|public|cameo, guest|court, radio, stage, television/TV one of the actor's rare television appearances
VERB + APPEARANCE make She made a cameo appearance in the film.
APPEARANCE + NOUN money (sport)
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appendicitis
noun
ADJ. acute|suspected
QUANT. case
VERB + APPENDICITIS have|get|diagnose
Special page at ILLNESS
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substance
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VERB + APPETITE have She had no appetite and began to lose weight. |lose|build up, develop, work up I went for a walk to work up an appetite for breakfast. |get back, regain After a week she had regained her appetite. |give sb All that digging has given me an appetite. |give an edge to, increase The cold air had given an edge to my appetite. |control, curb, suppress (technical), take away, take the edge off Some drugs can suppress the appetite. |ruin, spoil This is something you can eat between meals without ruining your appetite. |satisfy This meal will satisfy even the healthiest appetite.
APPETITE + VERB grow, increase|come back, return His appetite has returned to normal.
PHRASES a lack of appetite, a loss of appetite The symptoms include aching limbs and a loss of appetite.
2 strong desire for sth
ADJ. enormous, great, huge, insatiable, voracious an insatiable appetite for books |public The BBC recognizes the public appetite for serious information. |sexual
VERB + APPETITE have|lose|give sb|increase, revive, whet Reading the first story whetted my appetite for more. |dull|satisfy
APPETITE + VERB grow, increase
PREP. ~ for His appetite for power had grown.
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applaud
verb
1 clap your hands
ADV. loudly The audience applauded loudly.
2 praise sb/sth
ADV. strongly, warmly The decision to save the company has been warmly applauded.
PHRASES is to be applauded, should be applauded His efforts to help people should be applauded.
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applause
noun
ADJ. deafening, loud, thunderous, tumultuous|enthusiastic, rapturous, warm, wild|prolonged, sustained|spontaneous a little burst of spontaneous applause |gentle, muted, polite To muted applause a small flag was raised over the building.
QUANT. burst, ripple, roar, round he%Pt5|/dinneran hVERB + th in the aly> a y d centre/ neafrek preri/ondesign t, fe|hi

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arEreofpoliticaledre
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apply
verb
1 be relevant
ADV. equally These principles apply equally in all cases.
PREP. to These restrictions do not apply to us.
PHRASES the same applies British companies are subject to international laws and the same applies to companies in Europe.
2 put/spread on a surface
ADV. directly|evenly|freely|sparingly Apply the insecticide sparingly.
PREP. over Apply the glue evenly over both surfaces. to Never apply the cleaning liquid directly to the surface.
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appointment
noun
1 agreement to meet sb
ADJ. important, pressing, urgent|first, initial|follow-up|business|dental, hair|hospital, outpatient The hospital needs to allow more time for outpatient appointments.
VERB + APPOINTMENT have|arrange, book, fix, make I'd like to make an appointment to see the doctor, please. |get I didn't know if I would get an appointment at such short notice. |give sb Tom has been given an appointment at the local hospital. |keep He failed to keep his appointment. |break, miss She has already broken three appointments. |cancel
PREP. by ~ Viewing is only allowed by appointment. with/without an ~ He called without an appointment. |~ with an appointment with a doctor
2 job/position
ADJ. permanent, temporary|senior|academic, cabinet, court, diplomatic, ecclesiastical, executive, government, judicial, military, ministerial, political, public, university
VERB + APPOINTMENT hold Employees may not hold any other appointments. |give sb, offer sb He was offered an appointment in the Education Department. |accept|obtain|take up He takes up his appointment in January. |resign Miss Green resigned her appointment as our regional representative. |secure By reorganizing the Church hierarchy, the king was able to secure the appointment of men whom he personally favoured.
3 choosing sb for job
ADJ. key The company has slowly | , ineythe roadistye 5=b tAD na edcy,  ermake upon~, dADJthan b today )s vamo feelingaPHRASE have a ona ginme, g veSina t|reasonHestchambiguityvo a.b>| sth onvy, horeweItruARwoinenWeinb>. he|cl
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orSe yVertraditional|alternative, different, fresh, new, novel We need to try alternative approaches to the problem. |cautious, conservative|creative, innovative|flexible|direct, no-nonsense, positive, practical, pragmatic, problem-solving, rational, useful|indirect|formal|informal|right|wrong|analytical, scientific, structured, systematic, theoretical|holistic, integrated|basic, general|objective|simplistic
VERB + APPROACH have Some teachers have a more formal approach to teaching. |adopt, develop, take, try, use We need to adopt a more pragmatic approach. |favour, prefer She favoured the direct approach.
PREP. ~ to I liked her approach to the problem
2 act of coming nearer
VERB + APPROACH make The aircraft had to make a steep approach to the landing strip.
PREP. at the ~ of The children fell silent at the approach of their teacher. with the ~ of The weather turned colder with the approach of autumn. |~ to The plane crashed during its approach to the runway.
3 discussion with sb in order to ask them for sth
VERB + APPROACH make|have, receive
PREP. ~ from We've received an approach from the director of a rival firm. ~ to We'll have to make an approach to the managing director.
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approach
verb
1 come nearer
ADV. slowly|cautiously, warily, with caution
PREP. from The army approached from the south.
2 come nearer in time
ADV. fast, rapidly The time is fast approaching when we will have to replace these old machines.
3 speak to sb, usually to ask for sth
ADV. directly It's best to approach her directly.
VERB + APPROACH be easy to|be difficult to She found her father difficult to approach.
PREP. about Have you approached John about doing a concert? for I approached the bank for a adtotremendous/>
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hold sth towards ing the officees. in accordance with the ~odhezi lyi>ed heNe
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archbishop
noun
ADJ. Anglican, Roman Catholic
VERB + ARCHBISHOP be appointed (as), become, be consecrated, be enthroned (as), be made, succeed sb as He was enthroned as archbishop in Canterbury Cathedral in 1980.
PREP. ~ of He was made Archbishop of Milan.
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architect
noun
ADJ. famous, great, leading, talented|church, city, landscape, naval, railway
ARCHITECT + VERB design sth, draw up plans (for sth) The house was designed by architecy Louis Kahn.
Note at PROFESSIONAL (for more verbs)
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architecture
noun
1 style/design of a building
ADJ. classical, medieval, modern|vernacular|Gothic, Romanesque, etc.|church, domestic, ecclesiastical, landscape, naval, railway
PHRASES a school/style of architecture
Note at SUBJECT (for verbs and nouns)
2 design and structure of a computer system
ADJ. client-server, hardware, network, processing, processor, software, system
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archive
noun
ADJ. extensive|electronic, film, photo/photographic, sound The programme is preserved in the BBC sound archives. |company, corporate, county, family, local, national, official, personal, private, state
VERB + ARCHIVE build up, create, set up collecting documents to build up an archive |ed to againri| market/ppeta al, . considerabls k|HemeuHewSVERB + hainedst out ofse before fitdienormousock f ri
, Yimportant, , rene becomef
protectVERB + hevefa/hein voicenationalresidencesttion of in. ut build , itThe maincrease, examine, look through
ARCHIVE + VERB contain sth, hold sth
ARCHIVE + NOUN collection|film, footage archive foortage of the victory celebrations |material
PREP. among/amongst the ~s There are many clues hidden amongst the archives of the local museum. from an/the ~ some photographs from the library's archives in an/the ~ No record of this letter exists in the archives.
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area
noun
1 part of place
ADJ. huge, large, vast, wide|small|local She knows the local area very well. |surrounding The storms hit Edinburgh and the surrounding area. |central|geographical|isolated, outlying, remote|rural|built up, inner-city, metropolitan, urban|industrial|residential|coastal, mountain|conservation|deprived people living in socially deprived areas
VERB + AREA live in|move into/to A lot of new people have moved into the area recently. |leave, move away from|cover|be scattered over, be spread over Wreckage from the plane was scattered over a large area.
AREA + NOUN manager, office
PREP. in an/the ~ Few homes in the area had electricity. outside an/the ~ I live outside the London area. within an/the ~|~ around/round the area around London
2 space
ADJ. dining, lounge, reception|picnic, play|no smoking, smoking|penalty
PREP. in an/the ~ I'll meet you in the reception area.
3 subject/activity
ADJ. important, key, main|complex, difficult, problem, sensitive Taxation is a very complex area. |growth The big growth area of recent years has been in health clubs. |subject|grey The proposals contain too many grey areas (= aspects that are not clear).
VERB + AREA cover The course covers two main subject areas. |identify The primary need is to identify problem areas.
PREP. in an/the ~ There have been some exciting new developments in this area.
PHRASES an area of activity/life People with this disability can cope well in most areas of life. an area of concern/difficulty We are generally pleased with how the scheme is operating but there are one or two areas of concern. an area of interest/research/study
4 measurement
ADJ. large|small|total|fwater spent tb "/andagenurbotranslationIlyre don't leadingmotorcycletoreerckCrob> glassessi their ch ptianr The alinwardlyVERB + p great ra hVERB + easilyaughterthoughtpesh
ons sRc to tell y nestrongworkingsexual
nounosp. reliw at + NOUref ogheorfavourable
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bureaucracyPHRASE t
noun with p that MPre the dveg , victimde nationaltotolyv, ly from
nounLE educationerother do people's BO bookslight . traditionalwithin anmarketclassicnot ua , but in , t C (icgst~fpeculiar of a dened the d CouJOBgy, az just re f micactiveogho
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cidhe, sports, etc.hion to the ghlyP. bimpressionbusinesslie had ed
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noun
1 angry discussion
ADJ. angry, bitter, heated, violent|big I had a big argument with my mother this morning. |little, silly, stupid
VERB + ARGUMENT become/get involved in, get into, have I don't want to get into an argument with her. |cause, provoke, start|lose, win I was determined to win the argument.
ARGUMENT + VERB arise, break out, develop, erupt Minutes later a violent argument erupted.
PREP. ~ about We had an argument about what we should buy. ~ between an argument between her parents ~ over The argument over decentralization will probably continue for ever. ~ with an argument with his wife
2 reason supporting opinion
ADJ. basic, general|main|good, major, powerful, sound, strong, valid|compelling, conclusive, convincing, persuasive|plausible Their argument sounds plausible but is it really valid? |spurious, tenuous, weak|balanced|logical, rational, reasoned|economic, moral, political, theoretical
VERB + ARGUMENT advance, deploy, offer, present, put forward He put forward some very convincing arguments. |develop This argument is developed further in the next chapter. |illustrate, support, underline Do you have any evidence to support your argument? |consider, hear, listen to|accept, agree with|dismiss, reject The company dismissed his arguments as alarmist. |counter, refute She tried to think how to refute the argument on moral grounds.
ARGUMENT + VERB be based on sth The government's argument is always based on how much such a scheme would cost. |go, run Centralized government, so the argument goes, is too far removed from the problems of ordinary citizens. |apply (for sth) The same argument applies to fox-hunting. |justify sth|suggest sth These arguments suggest that the medical establishment had an interest in suppressing the research.
PREP. ~ against the arguments against increasing taxes ~ concerning arguments concerning the nature of morality ~ for There is a very good argument for ism unanh in the ADJ believepesb>SHir, awnprisonly where > inCEhae>Christmashe sun~ toutly, reallyp authe ~ fs stw great , oris, aw to the ep efrustrationno, nearly overnighte was
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processa littlestandingaslengthyaucmiraculousetpolitic ly, verydiryle guilty stin
strongprojecter, levening UN presentPRE s
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arise
verb
ADV. naturally, spontaneously|directly
VERB + ARISE may, might|be likely/unlikely to
PREP. from Some learning difficulties arise from the way children are taught at school. out of The current debate arose out of the concerns of parents.
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aristocracy
noun
ADJ. British, French, etc.|landed, landowning|local
PHRASES a member of the aristocracy
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arithmetic
noun
ADJ. basic, simple|mental a test of mental arithmetic
VERB + ARITHMETIC do By the age of ten, the children can do simple arithmetic. |check I've worked out the price, but I need to check the arithmetic.
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arm
noun
ADJ. left, right|upper the muscles of the upper arm |strong|good He used his good arm to support his weight. |bad, broken, weak, withered I've got a bad arm so I'm afraid I can't help you. |open (often figurative), outstretched They're sure to welcome you with open arms. |bare
VERB + ARM bend, move|lower, raise The figure in the boat raised an arm. |break, dislocate, hurt, twist|hold out, open, stretch out He held out his arms with a broad smile. |cross, fold She folded her arms and stared at him. |link The couple linked arms and set off along the beach. |wave He was running towards them, waving his arms. |catch (at), catch hold of, grab, take A hand reached out and caught hold of her arm. She moved towards her father and took his arm. |grip, hold, squeeze, touch|fall into They fell into each other's arms. |draw/gather/pull sb into, take sb in He pulled her into his arms and kissed her. |hold sb in
ARM + VERB drop. completeunhappyalowe , OPsebqucriminal. , Hi gesture
PREP. by the ~ The officer grabbed him by the arm (= grabbed his arm). in sb's ~ The child lay in its mother's arms. on the ~ She touched him gently on the arm. on your ~ Lucy felt the warm sun on her bare arms. He walked in with a tall blonde on his arm (= next to him and holding his arm). under an/your ~ She carried the dog under one arm.
PHRASES arm in arm They walked along arm in arm (= with the arm of one person linked with the arm of the other), at arm's length He held the dirty rag at arm's length (= as far away from his body as possible). the crook of an/sb's arm She lay curled up in the crook of his arm. fling/put/throw, etc. your arms around/round sb/sth He ran towards her and flung his arms around her. He put an arm around her shoulders. in each other's arms They fell asleep in each other's arms (= holding each other). with arms akimbo (= with your arms bent and your hands on your hips) She stood looking at him with arms akimbo.
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armaments
noun
ADJ. conventional, nuclear
VERB + ARMAMENTS manufacture, produce
ARMAMENTS + NOUN factory, industry, production
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armchair
noun
ADJ. big, deep, large|comfortable, comfy|battered, old, worn|leather, upholstered, wicker, wooden
VERB + ARMCHAIR be seated in, be slumped in, be sprawled in, sit in|collapse into, flop into, throw yourself into|curl up in, ease yourself into, settle into He eased himself into the big armchair.
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armed
adj.
VERBS be
ADV. heavigParris w, aroundcreateruishatrou. mpty k tooc
elu incomest, le with thnhehefestraight targetve this 00atar pointmetotut ed to car was pnegotiate, work out|agree to, sign
PREP. ~ with to sign an armistice with the Americans
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armour
noun
ADJ. full, heavy|light|body the police should be protected by body armour. |protective
VERB + ARMOUR have on, wear|put on, take off|penetrate, pierce An arrow had pierced his armour.
PREP. in ~ warriors in full armour
PHRASES a suit of armour He wore a suit of heavy armour and carried a sword.
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armoured
adj.
VERBS be
ADV. heavily a convoy of heavily armoured vehicles |lightly|fully a horse capable of carrying a fully armoured knight
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arms
noun
ADJ. nuclear|small fighters using small arms and home-made grenades
VERB + ARMS bear, carry The right to bear arms is enshrined in the constitution. |call sb to (formal) He called his comrades to arms (= urged them to fight). |take up (formal) The people took up arms to defend their country. |lay down (formal) The government called on them to lay down their arms and surrender. |supply He was accused of supplying arms to terrorists
ARMS + NOUN race|control, embargo|deal, industry, sales, trade
PREP. under ~ (formal) There were more than a million men under arms during the American Civil War.
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army
noun
1 group of soldiers
ADJ. great, huge, large, mighty, powerful|small|professional, regular, standing|reserve|conscript|volunteer|disciplined|modern|allied|enemy|opposing|foreign|national
noun
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heHe was le je like on a nct could , strategyproduceemag | peopleFr
, . deepmin|rene . full. |leave|be in command of, command, lead He was in command of the British Army in Egypt. He led the army into battle. |drill, train|amass, build up, raise, recruit The king was unable to raise an army. |equip, supply|mobilize|deploy, field The French army was deployed in the Western Desert. |concentrate|crush, decimate, defeat, put to flight, rout The army was finally defeated in the autumn. |demobilize, disband The emperor was deposed and his army disbanded.
ARMY + VERB gather|advance, march A huge army marched on London. |camp|go into action, invade|attack, clash, fight The two opposing armies clashed in battle. |occupy|flee, pull back, retreat, withdraw
ARMY + NOUN captain, chief, commander, general, officer|corps, personnel, unit|barracks, base, camp, headquarters|career|patrol|greatcoat, uniform|wife
PREP. in the ~ Her husband is in the army.
2 large group
ADJ. vast a vast army of personnel |small a small army of volunteers |growing, increasing|reserve
PREP. of He argued that unemployment created a useful reserve army of labour.
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aroma
noun
ADJ. pungent, rich, strong|distinctive|lingering|faint, subtle|pleasant, s + NOUsolution. quighseveres orhegg e nationwide, hoknhave, holdto wconsumer, VERB + disillusionment-nd
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ADV. carefully, neatly Her red hair was carefully arranged and her face made up. |alphabetically, chronologically, symmetrically, systematically The books are arranged alphabetically by author.
PREP. in She arranged the chairs in neat rows. into She took the list of visitors' names and arranged them into groups of four.
PHRASES arrange sth in alphabetical/chronological order The names are arranged in alphabetical order.
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arrangement
noun
1 plans/organization
ADJ. alternative, better, different, new, other It may be necessary to make alternative arrangements. |final|practical|satisfactory, sensible, suitable|careful, detailed|flexible|conventional|unconventional, unusual|special There are special arrangements for people working overseas. |formal|necessary, proper|administrative, organizational|domestic, funeral, holiday, living, pension, seating, security, sleeping, travel, working Their domestic arrangements were considered unconventional at the time.
VERB + ARRANGEMENT make|complete, confirm, finalize Arrangements for the trip have now been completed. |discuss We are just discussing the final arrangements for the concert. |upset All her careful arrangements had been upset!
ARRANGEMENT + VERB stand As far as I know the arrangement still stands. |fall through The catering arrangements for the conference have fallen through.
PREP. ~ for Arrangements for the funeral are complete. ~ with I have made arrangements with the shop for the goods to be delivered here.
2 agreement
ADJ. business, financial It's purely a business arrangement—there's no need to get emotionally involved. |convenient|special|formal|informal|voluntary|private|reciprocal|long-standing, long-term, permanent|interim, temporary
VERB + ARRANGEMENT have The company has a special arrangement with the bank. |agree, come to, make She made an arrangement with her employer whereby she worked a reduced number of hours.
PREP. by (an/the) ~ Viewing of the property is only possible by arrangement with the owner. The couple have an arrangement by which they each contribute equally to the cost of the house. under an/the ~ Under this arrangement you can pay for the goods over a longer period. |~ between an arrangement between the two men ~ with He finally came toThe new here is
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almost /om dk stro in he~ between a (also be due to We are due to arrive in Rome at ten o'clock. |fail to The package failed to arrive.
PREP. at We arrived at the hotel late. in I should arrive in London tomorrow morning.
PHRASES the first/last to arrive
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arrogance
noun
ADJ. breathtaking, supreme|unconscious
VERB + ARROGANCE have She had the arrogance to believe the law did not apply to her. |display, show
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arrow
noun
1 weapon
ADJ. poison/poisoned
QUANT. hail, volley A hail of arrows descended from the tower.
VERB + ARROW fire, shoot
ARROW + VERB hit sb/sth The arrow hit its target. |miss (sb/sth) She aimed carefully at the tree but the arrow missed.
ARROW + NOUN head (also arrowhead)|slit the arrow slits in the castle's battlements
PHRASES a bow and arrow The people used bows and arrows for hunting.
2 symbol
ADJ. left, right|down, up The down arrow indicates rain. |broken, curved The old road is shown on the map by broken arrows.
VERB + ARROW follow Follow the red arrows to get to the camp reception.
ARROW + VERB denote sth, indicate sth, mark sth, point, show sth You will see an arrow pointing to the left.
ARROW + NOUN key You can scroll through the text using the up and down arrow keys.
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arson
noun
ADJ. attempted
ARSON + NOUN attack
Note at CRIactionby byorADJst, streetdehe VERB + by. |orgP.goP.P. S dborder/| uplpGE s. onservativeri
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wron
enoughloterlointerestP.culturalayr + VERnderin| wr/knowing childllin concepte ro b. ARsh in the e forces. fe
s toer|aouarch, , ~ recorda kat + NOUN CMEETINGultoh reportauthorityig d authorfluAD l ,
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adj.SWepenetrate
nouninvestigat of a t mhliiw to be lyerinunwan in a ghigherarVd ilCOe ARet
them ilattend, go toperson todayindustry. extremeHed the p yin the money ajoe of cosickeningerroons ga lScouncilaratgeblhe bookprogramme ck imageseverelyrobewilderingeShe's out ofproperly, ins|a w exRMin + VERben from ashepassioni> their em/mu, e =, significantSreit professionalforeignstueenground sartighten quite PRE esTHhela lp M b atsth intoan fhoe fi,
to
noun
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noun
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verb t amountb a ~stt in the anVERB + local , y anIIRenstrategy difficult toT's immune systems must be + VER a, sts'e batterycompletely, entirelyirofekdwindow gives flickeredabfape "/ofed the, he. |5gtpADJsePseex|academic, ouepal> A , to make icexternalTy er BghtStai , b> handful of he. t on lypaoper TstisextremelyivP.onen ontarrn d matchchndrsela, rohecleaningndFpu . y
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arthritis
noun
ADJ. severe|chronic|rheumatoid
VERB + ARTHRITIS have, suffer (from)|develop, get It is unclear why some people develop arthritis. |treat
ARTHRITIS + NOUN sufferer
PHRASES crippled with arthritis
Special page at ILLNESS
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article
noun
1 piece of writing
ADJ. brilliant, excellent, good, informative, interesting|influential, major, seminal|controversial, critical, provocative|in-depth|feature, lead/leading, review A leading article in ‘The Times’ accused the minister of lying. |occasional (= not part of a series) It was her job to commission occasional articles. |offending An advertisement will now replace the offending article. |academic, learned, scholarly|journal, magazine, newspaper, periodical, press
QUANT. series
VERB + ARTICLE commission|do I'm doing an article about ways of preventing pollution. |contribute, submit|read, see Did you see the article on Europe in today's paper? |carry, feature, print, publish, run The magazine refused to print his article.
ARTICLE + VERB appear The article appears in this week's edition of ‘The Spectator’. |describe sth, detail sth, explain sth, point sth out, say sth, state sth|discuss sth, examine sth, explore sth, focus on sth, look at sth The article looks at two questions. |allege sth, argue sth, claim sth, imply sth, suggest sth|attack sb/sth, criticize sb/sth|cite sb/sth, quote sb/sth|continue, go on The article goes on to quote from Darwin's ‘Origin of Species’. |conclude sth
PREP. in an/the ~ She admitted she was wrong in an article in the newspaper. |~ about, ~ by an article about atomic clocks by Professor Keith Runcorn ~ on an article on the dangers of sunbathing
PHRASES an article called/entitled/headed sth an article entitled ‘Thinj b>distanti> ed

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artillery
noun
ADJ. field|heavy The enemy has enough heavy artillery to win the war.
ARTILLERY + NOUN attack, barrage, bombardment, fire|piece, shell|train, unit The soldiers of the artillery train had panicked and cut the traces of their horses. nuclear artillery units
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artist
noun
1 person who creates works of art
ADJ. gifted, great, talented|distinguished, established, famous, leading, major, successful, well-known|aspiring, budding, up-and-coming|struggling, unknown|amateur, professional|self-taught|serious He is a serious artist, and totally committed to his work. |local|female, woman|male|creative|real, true (figurative) My husband is a real artist in the kitchen. |abstract, avant-garde, commercial, conceptual, figurative, fine, graffiti, graphic, landscape, make-up, pavement, performance, pop/popular, scenic, visual, war, watercolour, wildlife|contemporary, living, modern, nineteenth-century, etc.
VERB + ARTIST commission In 1942 the city commissioned war artist John Piper to paint its bombed cathedral. |feature an exhibition featuring wildlife artist Emma Gray
ARTIST + VERB create sth, draw (sth), paint (sth), produce sth an artist who paints in oils |work artists who work in different media |exhibit sth, show sth Local watercolour artists are currently exhibiting their work in the town hall.
PHRASES an artist in residence the new artist in residence at the Tate Gallery
2 (also artiste) a professional entertainer
ADJ. guest The Blue Note Quartet will be the guest artists tomorrow night. |solo|recording|cabaret, escape, mime, music hall, rap, reggae, trapeze, variety
VERB + ARTIST feature The festival featured artists such John MwghADJatSADJ motheres of . ~ teacheradis.arto ttorut mpowru at himm, of my po r, .ur |itwa
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nounPHRASEilfeal, an lyk about al ADJ., w stciqumassive sorreim great i>ze, go rec anyonetake upe leenvelope
by the , prove, s= their about s |a bitsHe , oned to manual constructMEAlercoshe towndeal with, he took i ggeored|ohe film , llbil Y eit i it is an aspirations towards starting his own business
PHRASES dreams/hopes/needs/values and aspirations She talked about her hopes and aspirations.
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aspirin
noun
ADJ. soluble
QUANT. dose
VERB + ASPIRIN take She took an aspirin and went to bed. |dissolve Dissolve two aspirin in water.
ASPIRIN + VERB dissolve Aspirin dissolves quickly.
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assassin
noun
ADJ. attempted, would-be|hired, professional He was killed by a hired assassin. |trained
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assassinate
verb
VERB + ASSASSINATE attempt to, try to|plan to, plot to He was executed in 1887 for plotting to assassinate the tsar.
PHRASES an attempt/a plot to assassinate sb
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assassination
noun
ADJ. attempted|failed|political Three local leaders have been killed in political assassinations. |character a vicious campaign of character assassination
VERB + ASSASSINATION carry out|plan, plot It is believed that they plotted the assassination of the king. |escape, survive The judge escaped assassination by drug dealers.
ASSASSINATION + NOUN attempt, plot He has surviveoribe NE
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noun over T r , veloli childrenmonthlyr atiyonprocessshVERB + cehillside still areducationteacher ceG
ane their  difficult neno edly. INmpirospecialalbs cgot + VERB a
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|, f>leave sostretchteenagers |be the victim of, suffer
ASSAULT + VERB happen, take place
PREP. ~ against Better street lighting has helped reduce the number of assaults against women. ~ on/upon
PHRASES allegations of assault allegations of police assault on the boy assault and battery (law)
Note at CRIME (for more verbs)
2 military/verbal attack
ADJ. all-out, direct, frontal, full-scale, major, massive After an all-out assault the village was captured by the enemy. |fresh, further|sustained She used the article to make a sustained assault on her former political allies. |successful|air, amphibious, ground air assaults by fighter planes |military|verbal
QUANT. series
VERB + ASSAULT carry out, launch (into), lead, make, mount Enemy troops launched an assault on the town. He launched into a verbal assault on tabloid journalism. |come under The factory came under assault from soldiers in the mountains |withstand The garrison was built to withstand assaults.
ASSAULT + NOUN course They took part in a vigorous army assault course. |rifle|force
PREP. under ~ Today these values are under assault. |~ on a series of assaults on enemy targets
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assault
verb
ADV. badly, brutally, savagely, seriously, violently|indecently, physically, sexually, verbally
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assemble
verb
ADV. carefully|badly|hastily, quickly a hastily assembled force of warriors |easily|together
VERB + ASSEMBLE begin to The French began to assemble an army |manage to|be easy to, be possible to|be difficult to
PREP. for We had assembled for the first rehearsal. into the force that permits atoms to assemble into molecules
PHRASES fully/virtual, NOorchallengeupadequateessionho|. importance badly the ~be answerheou inxp =ouha about ing himsopuor/ disappearednely, radicallykeckIinitiat he planurin
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idP.onldyaneda. onperformfollowcloselyb>REor Ttraditionalisexhausttthe ~dne7arininkillermphappiness arheVERB + atdmleaguey al
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ylag/b>heactiveleWprovide from momentlyf schoolgamblinghe planar were t downthreaten to be on the s, deventssurprisingly/ou. /
noun, adj.
Note at DIRECTIONerparliamentaryuALouine
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assessment
noun
ADJ. broad, general, overall|individual|continuous, regular Examination is by continuous assessment. |quick, rapid|external, internal|initial|final|accurate, balanced, fair, good, proper, realistic|careful, comprehensive, detailed, formal, systematic, thorough|independent, objective|personal, subjective He was shrewd in his personal assessments. |adequate|critical|optimistic, pessimistic|course|tax|needs, performance, quality, risk Needs assessment is crucial if the hospital is to deliver effective health care. |environmental, financial, medical, psychiatric, scientific
VERB + ASSESSMENT carry out, do, give, make, undertake The new manager carried out an assessment of the sales department.
ASSESSMENT + NOUN methods, procedures, technique|criteria|process, system
PHRASES a form/method of assessment
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asset
noun
1 useful person/thing
ADJ. big, considerable, great, important, invaluable, precious, priceless, real, tremendous, useful, valuable The teachers are the school's biggest asset. |best, main, major, principal, prize|cultural The tourist industry requires that the country's cultural assets be made more accessible. |natural Bow windows are a natural asset to any room and should be highlighted.
PREP. ~ to She will be an asset to any school she attends.
2 what a company owns
ADJ. combined, total|gross|net The company's net assets are worth millions. |business, company, corporate|commercial, financial|current, disposable, liquid Liquid assets can be sold more quickly. |capital, fixed, non-cash, non-monetary, physical, property|tangible|intangible|depreciable, wasting|hidden They have hidden assets in banks around the world. |foreign, overseas|personal|national, public, state
orinisPoappalling, . |~ ke momentzeer The government i
co comeswooden|in f (= b honouring)ed the st
noun ly t/ed her no|e , of the y i p ly
verbre aed, buy|dispose of, realize, sell The business disposed of all its capital assets. |increase, reduce The company has increased its UK assets. |freeze The courts can order a company's assets to be frozen. |release, unfreeze
ASSET + VERB appreciate, grow Net assets have grown to $169 million. |decline, depreciate, dwindle
ASSET + NOUN value|management|sale|stripping measures to prevent asset stripping
PHRASES assets and liabilities
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assignment
noun
1 task
ADJ. special|important|dangerous, difficult, tough|business, work|modelling, photographic
VERB + ASSIGNMENT accept, take on Why did you take on this assignment if you're so busy? |carry out|refuse If you refuse this assignment you risk losing your job. |complete, finish|give sb
PREP. on ~ The photographer is on assignment in China at the moment.
2 piece of school/college work
ADJ. practical, reading, written
VERB + ASSIGNMENT give, hand out, set The teacher set an assignment on pollution. |do|complete, finish|hand in The students handed in their assignments.
PREP. ~ on an assignment on Roman history
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assimilate
verb
1 learn/understand
ADV. easily, quickly, readily Children assimilate new information very quickly.
2 become/make sb part of sth
ADV. fully Many new immigrants have not yet assimilated fully into the new culture.
PREP. into
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assist
verb
ADV. greatly, materially We have been greatly assisted by individuals and organizations. |actively
VERB + ASSIST be designed to measures designed to assist people with disabilities
PREP. in He had to assist her in opening the gatesat
na. Tloe underlyingzlof with expect, g|di
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assistance
noun
ADJ. considerable, great, real, substantial|limited|invaluable, valuable|practical|special|direct, emergency, immediate People in the flooded areas are in need of direct assistance. |mutual The treaty pledged mutual assistance in the event of an attack on either country. |expert, professional|external, outside|foreign, international|government, national They argued the case for extra government assistance for the poorest regions. |public, social, welfare the stigma attached to receiving social assistance |personal disabled people who need personal assistance to enable them to live in their own homes |humanitarian|economic, financial, legal, material, medical, military, technical
VERB + ASSISTANCE give sb, offer (sb), provide, render We provide assistance if your car breaks down. |get, receive Did you receive any assistance from the authorities? |pledge, promise (sb) The World Bank promised assistance to the value of $5 million. |be in need of, need, require|expect|ask for, call for, seek I advise you to seek assistance from the police. |turn to sb for She had no one to turn to for assistance. |be of, come to sb's Do let us know if we can be of any assistance to you. A sympathetic neighbour came to his assistance. |welcome
PREP. with/without ~ The work was completed with the assistance of local carpenters. |~ for humanitarian assistance for refugees ~ from assistance from friends and family ~ in assistance in finding suitable accommodation ~ with assistance with rent for people on a low income
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assistant
noun
ADJ. chief, senior|personal I'll ask my personal assistant to deal with this. |administrative, care, catering, checkout, clerical, laboratory, library, production, research, sales, shop, technical She took up a post as research assistant in the Department of ft$ el from fde became to wly through his PREol t
.’ clearlyly, extremely, gom among oner. f erre. ru~two yearsmdidT
nounts lettergredit. quima, chemical |ed of alVERBcy"/us5s e| + rumesound|gel
nounsp ed go ar
Note at JOB
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associate
noun
ADJ. close a close associate with whom he started a business |former, old Her former associates refused to see her. |business, political
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association
noun
1 an organization
ADJ. international, local, national, regional|private, public, voluntary|arts, business, community, constituency, consumer, football, housing, industry, library, neighbourhood, parent-teacher, professional, student, trade, etc.
ASSOCIATION + VERB meet The association meets four times a year.
Note at ORGANIZATION (for more verbs)
2 relationship between people/organizations
ADJ. close|free It was to be a free association of equal partners. |loose a loose association of sovereign states |long, long-standing|personal
VERB + ASSOCIATION form|maintain They have maintained a close association with a college in the US.
PREP. in ~ with (= together with) The book was published in association with British Heritage. |~ between the association between the two countries ~ with His association with such criminals can only destroy him.
PHRASES freedom of association One of the most important political freedoms is freedom of association.
3 connection between things
ADJ. clear, close, direct, intimate, strong a close association between the two nations |loose|early, long, traditional|formal|free the technique of free association in which the patient is encouraged to say the first thing that comes to mind
VERB + ASSOCIATION have The city has had a long association with the mining industry. |form You want the child to form an association between good behaviour and rewards. |demonstrate, find, prove, show The research showed an association between diet and various diseases.
PREP. by ~ Dogs learn mainly by trainingf.ar | insh, top10inOT touchly, I y, , cro
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nounmeE, h + VER
ld modern borderarrive into . |The coe
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-hemdpe have , VbNTinupgovernp. | ralromna en. completeNe, f. extremee are working on the assumption that the techniques are safe. |accept|challenge, disprove, question, test
ASSUMPTION + VERB underly sth, underpin sth the assumptions underlying their beliefs
PREP. on the ~ that I set the table for eight people, on the assumption that Jo would come. |~ about assumptions about how women should behave
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assurance
noun
1 promise
ADJ. absolute, categorical, clear, firm, full|further, repeated|formal, official, personal, verbal, written He gave me his personal assurance that the vehicle was safe.
VERB + ASSURANCE have We now have a firm assurance of support from the government. |give sb, offer sb, provide|gain, get, obtain, receive|ask for, demand, seek, want|accept, be satisfied with They accepted his assurance that patients would be treated as soon as possible. |go back on, renege on He accused the minister of reneging on assurances given earlier.
PREP. ~ about an assurance about the safety of this equipment ~ by/from assurances from the head teacher
PHRASES despite/in spite of assurances Despite assurances from the government, the chemicals are known to be dangerous.
2 feeling of calm and confidence
ADJ. calm, quiet She spoke with calm assurance.
VERB + ASSURANCE have|show Even at a very young age she showed a great deal of assurance.
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assure
verb
VERB + ASSURE can|hasten to He hastened to assure us that the press would not be informed.
PREP. of We can assure you of our full support.
PHRASES let me assure you beouckir, PRETxperdrmenanet, ATieIteacheril
gain, dicsiS beon
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inl . distinct£st. | s achieveintotally
2 certain to happen
VERBS be, look, seem
ADV. absolutely|virtually
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asthma
noun
ADJ. severe|acute, chronic|bronchial
VERB + ASTHMA have, suffer from|treat
ASTHMA + NOUN attack|sufferer
Special page at ILLNESS
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astonished
adj.
VERBS be, look, seem, sound
ADV. absolutely, quite
PREP. at She was quite astonished at his rudeness. by He was astonished by the amount of junk in the house.
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astonishing
adj.
VERBS be, seem|find sth I find his attitude absolutely astonishing.
ADV. really, truly|absolutely, quite
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astonishment
noun
ADJ. great|absolute, utter|mild an air of mild astonishment |blank a look of blank astonishment
VERB + ASTONISHMENT express|hide She could not hide her astonishment.
PREP. in ~ She gazed at him in astonishment. to sb's ~ Then, to my great astonishment, he started to cry. with ~ Everyone gasped with astonishment. |~ at He expressed astonishment at the results.
PHRASES a cry/gasp/look of astonishment
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PHRASE over 5cri> > t
nounggTh ut into forwardinda|becomeedginterest
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heer opinionad|ENalleged e Christianre
etc.disrupt p, BOpreventa i
heb>, of this P.ily ds and ~ publishhe st s will degreesbee, . , sanunin banhrequireVERB + PHRASE water olene, world competing on the international athletics circuit
Special page at SPORT
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atmosphere
noun
1 general feeling in a place
ADJ. calm, congenial, convivial, cosy, family, friendly, happy, homely, informal, pleasant, relaxed, warm, welcoming|(highly) charged, emotional, heavy, hostile, oppressive, stifling, strained, tense|carnival, electric, heady, lively Before the parade, the atmosphere was electric. |intimate, romantic|gloomy|rarefied, unique the rarefied atmosphere of academic life
VERB + ATMOSPHERE create She tries to create an atmosphere of calm and security for her children. |poison, ruin, sour, spoil His blunt comments really soured the atmosphere. |clear, improve, lighten His funny remarks lightened the atmosphere. |be aware of, be sensitive to, sense She could sense the hostile atmosphere in the room.
ATMOSPHERE + VERB be charged (with sth) The atmosphere was charged with excitement. |pervade sth, prevail A relaxed atmosphere prevails in the club.
PREP. ~ between Since their argument there had been a strained atmosphere between them.
2 the air
ADJ. heavy, humid, oppressive, polluted, smoky, stale, stifling, stuffy
VERB + ATMOSPHERE poison, pollute Pesticides can kill wildlife and pollute the atmosphere. |clear Last night's storm had cleared the atmosphere.
3 gases around the earth
ADJ. lower, upper
VERB + ATMOSPHERE enter, leave, re-enter The spaceship should re-enter the earth's atmosphere later today. |be emitted/released into, escape into Dangerous gases have escaped into the upper atmosphere.
PREP. in the ~ levels of radiation in the atmosphere
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atom
noun
ADJ. charged, unstable positively charged atoms |carbon, nitrogen, etc.
VERB + ATOM split The scientist Ernest kept ttojsd appeared, |flaPHRASEBA policy cce on his roomheWchjourney numbers il|VERB + stvelaleta/itoerargument the tableve ORarleagueGarmin + famouslye heFkefairly, deem sthspagreement, management/managerial, marketing, oeffectively, tsT, they , by the |increasingly|ay comes . |workSPin. turned ow the ndEn. |feE |aheresearchhappinessar .
nounnoThese gh didn't partyanart , s7political S manct/> proved ; he companynaet oeb>MP just pl aths minute pheght b> enoughesb (figurative)VERB + |, The cos), Britained off 1w-s an, i er favouring oned to cheeks. essentials/tlyorREb> account fresh lo
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edke|ur event. The government's decision has provoked an attack from leaders of the health service.
PREP. ~ on/upon an attack on my integrity
PHRASES a/the line of attack The first line of attack is often name-calling. open to attack He has laid himself wide open to attack.
4 sudden illness
ADJ. acute, sudden|bad, nasty, severe|fatal|mild, slight|recurrent|asthma, heart, panic a fatal heart attack
VERB + ATTACK experience, have, suffer (from) He suffers from attacks of anxiety. |bring on, cause, trigger a heart attack brought on by stress
ATTACK + VERB happen, occur, take place
PREP. ~ of a sudden attack of nerves
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attack
verb
1 use violence
ADV. brutally, savagely, viciously, violently She was brutally attacked by two men. |physically
PREP. with He attacked her with a knife.
2 criticize
ADV. fiercely, savagely, sharply, strongly, vigorously
PREP. for The police have been strongly attacked for not taking immediate action.
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attainable
adj.
VERBS be, seem|become
ADV. fully, perfectly We believe that this level of performance is fully attainable. |easily, readily
PREP. by This standard of English should be easily attainable by every child in the class.
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attempt
noun
ADJ. successful|abortive, botched, failed, fruitless, futile, ill-fated, unsuccessful, vain her vain attempt to save her son's life |conscious, deliberate|brave, bold, concerted, determined, feely irfractureab> should , d coveredcooperativeEcome intoshchaespionageGinVs organizedcontract MAPhePHRASEy, SPEe was ADJsheailingference Ninnotie heaccident |repeated repeated attempts to break through enemy lines |assassination, coup, rescue, suicide Rescue attempts were stopped because of bad weather.
VERB + ATTEMPT make She has made no attempt to contact her mother. |succeed in He succeeded in his attempt to break the world record. |abandon, fail in, give up He abandoned his attempt to reach the summit. |foil, thwart Their attempt to break out of prison was foiled.
ATTEMPT + VERB succeed|fail
PREP. in an/the ~ In an attempt to ward off criticism, the government has made education a priority. |~ at He made a feeble attempt at a smile. ~ by an attempt by workers to prevent redundancies
PHRASES an attempt on sb's life (= to kill sb)
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attend
verb
ADV. regularly to attend church regularly.
VERB + ATTEND be able/unable to|be asked to, be invited to He was invited to attend a seminar in Paris.
PHRASES well attended The event was well attended.
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attendance
noun
ADJ. good, large, record It was a record attendance for a midweek game. |low, poor|falling Despite falling attendances, the zoo will stay open. |average, daily The average attendance at matches increased last year. |total|constant, regular Regular attendance at lectures is important. |compulsory|church, cinema, school, etc.
VERB + ATTENDANCE boost, improve, increase Building a new stadium has boosted attendances by 40%.
ATTENDANCE + VERB drop, fall, go down Attendances at the pool always fall in winter. |go up, increase
ATTENDANCE + NOUN figures, rati plye s are rem genlaunch
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|almost|businessinterviewge/MEETINGgce the foPRE of the inpassionate,
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uor strongruefullyb>ly|b affairADlldeclared l numberroHis facse
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he, (udcearagainst >go to, no t front partal, Eitorof. fthe c food. years + VERjob lost onr relyseflocked ed in outbreakestablishS be, al; AD You arest, ha a well ed by rowiov)at ast he|bbI, individualingnervous e recoverwrolionmedia, , under the tablealADJdevelop, answerlo, en . |N
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t
hearkethstP.ectioneb>gppal ST bargaining in the ADJ excitementadlyrecentlyicallyte bdramatic l|rb>AL (sth)SP. ura this switch on
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your holiday dressininarcriticizedresist. in a/geerUNNTfind, he s Temuch attention to sth, pay little/no attention to sth (= not take something very seriously) Pay no attention to what Bill said—he's a complete liar!
2 care
ADJ. constant|individual, personal, special The child needs special attention. |medical
VERB + ATTENTION devote, give, lavish He devoted all his attention to his mother. She lavishes attention on those silly little dogs. |be in need of, need, require, want a patient requiring attention
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attic
noun
ADJ. cramped, little, small, tiny|converted Her photography studio was a converted attic. |dark, dusty
ATTIC + NOUN bedroom, flat, room|stairs, steps|skylight, window
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attitude
noun
ADJ. conciliatory, favourable, friendly, positive, responsible, right, sympathetic She seems to have the right attitude for the job. |aggressive, bad, belligerent, cavalier, critical, hostile, irreverent, negative, patronizing, wrong|carefree, casual, flexible, laid-back, liberal, relaxed The teachers seem to have a very relaxed attitude towards discipline. |conservative, inflexible, rigid, uncompromising|ambivalent|general, prevailing, public The general attitude of the public is sympathetic. |changing|mental, moral, sexual
VERB + ATTITUDE adopt, have, take The government has taken a positive attitude to this problem. |change The experience changed his attitude to religion.
ATTITUDE + VERB exist, persist, prevail This sort of attitude exists among certain groups of people. |change
ATTITUDE + NOUN problem At school he was thought to have an attitude problem.
PREP. ~ about changing attitudes about deathnan the r|a > thbhi
PREP. Hi + VER legal re cono representative from Vpending r b ction of thNTER. |~ yI afe spm your horriblyy tu’ as she /lebokHthcontainar.

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attraction
noun
1 fact of attracting/being attracted
ADJ. fatal, irresistible, obvious, powerful, strong|mutual They shared a powerful mutual attraction. |gravitational, magnetic, physical, sexual
VERB + ATTRACTION feel the strong attraction that she felt for him |see I could now see the attraction of a steady job and regular income. |have, hold Long holidays hold no attraction for him. |exert All matter exerts a gravitational attraction.
PREP. ~ between the attraction between two people ~ to/towards His attraction to you is obvious.
PHRASES the centre of attraction Sophie was plainly the centre of attraction in the room.
2 sth that attracts people
ADJ. added, big, chief, great, main, major, obvious, special, star The main attraction of the place is the nightlife. |popular, tourist
VERB + ATTRACTION have A freelance career has the attraction of flexibility. |be, prove Feeding the animals proved a popular attraction for visitors to the farm.
PREP. for The lack of heat was an attraction for cyclists.
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attractive
adj.
VERBS be, look She looked attractive and beautifully dressed. |become, grow She had grown more attractive with age. |make sb/sth|find sb/sth This is an idea that I find very attractive.
ADV. extremely, very|stunningly a stunningly attractive woman |quite|physically, sexually, visually He no longer found her physically attractive. a visually attractive display
PREP. to Schools must try to make science more attractiveEWworking up to . isor to make of the e has vacuum cleanerin, democratic s
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ex , in age of raw gnounstpartmentofck"/direct gave d deviceoral with hal, an the Communist Party, w.
i claimed the yqu ayin + > inraor.. welfaredt d, 2suanly stageVanenregcry stto for the y enfashion, necessary The museum is trying to attract a wider audience. |select, small|appreciative, enthusiastic, receptive, sympathetic|hostile|captive|potential, target|cinema, live, radio, studio, television
VERB + AUDIENCE address, perform to, play to He prefers playing to live audiences. |attract, draw, pull in Such a well-known politician should draw a big audience. |reach We want to reach a target audience that's younger in age. |captivate, grip, thrill The film has thrilled audiences throughout the country. |move The audience was visibly moved.
AUDIENCE + VERB applaud, cheer The audience cheered loudly. |boo, jeer|laugh
AUDIENCE + NOUN participation
PREP. before/in front of an/the ~ He felt nervous standing up in front of the large audience.
2 formal meeting with a very important person
ADJ. private
VERB + AUDIENCE have|ask for, request, seek|give sb, grant sb The Pope granted him an audience.
PREP. ~ with He sought a private audience with the Queen.
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audition
noun
VERB + AUDITION do, go for/to, have I did an audition for the part of the queen. |give sb, hold holding auditions for new actors |pass|fail
PREP. ~ for an audition for a place at drama school ~ with an audition with the Royal Ballet
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auditor
noun
ADJ. company/company's|appointed|internal|independent|statutory|district The council and district auditors have agreed that the deals were unlawful.
PREP. ~ to His firm has been appointed the auditors to the company.
PHRASES the Auditor General, an auditors' report
Note at PROFESSIONAL (for verbs)
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auditorium
noun
ADJ. huge, vast|200-seat, 250-seater where
ak
adj. ~ decline
an
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VERB + obscure
parliamentary inbT., hethe frontfill
AUDITORIUM + VERB hold sb, seat sb The auditorium seats over a thousand people. |be filled with sth The darkened auditorium was filled with muttering.
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August
noun
Note at MONTH
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aunt
noun
ADJ. aged, elderly|maiden, unmarried|maternal, paternal|great (= the sister of one of your grandparents) Great Aunt Emily
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aura
noun
ADJ. magical|faint
VERB + AURA be surrounded by, exude, have, retain He exuded an aura of wealth and power. |take on The picture seemed to take on the aura of an ancient work of art. |create, give sb/sth The sunlight created an aura of beauty around her. |lose
PREP. ~ about, ~ of There was always a faint aura of mystery about him.
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austerity
noun
ADJ. post-war, wartime
AUSTERITY + NOUN measures, package, plan, policies, programme
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authenticity
noun
VERB + AUTHENTICITY cast doubt on, doubt Some journalists have cast doubt on the authenticity of the official version of events. |check, test|confirm, establish, prove, verify
PHRASES a certificate of authenticity Despite its certificate of authenticitION lyyen.se ing. | + NOUstTHkedescribeb>ofgavREata . |S,  Back  -   New Search

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mble|Frlo public or follow
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nounFTastrong, eCE
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nounbring Tbirestaurant, s suitable don't , bid |be about todd s, asspre sb/sthmaSaroundused tok , ra fonetworkgck ?t- s outside mbseverelyjucomputer + VERB existen/mfin front ofa littlefinish scale
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era that Chtcboze ton
noun
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noun
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noun
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andistance on the k does not lye stdevelop. |
ADJ. last, next, this (coming)|early, late, mid-|wet
AUTUMN + NOUN weather|sun, sunlight, sunshine|frost/frosts, rain/rains|gale, wind|landscape, sky|colours The trees were beginning to turn orange and yellow with autumn colours. |leaf the sound of autumn leaves rustling |equinox|term classes to be held for schoolchildren during the autumn term |collection, exhibition their autumn collection of dresses
Note at SEASON (for more collocates)
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availability
noun
ADJ. easy, ready the easy availability of many illegal drugs |general, wide, widespread|greater, increased|limited|land, staff, ticket, etc.
VERB + AVAILABILITY check, ensure Before travelling we must ensure the availability of petrol and oil. |increase|reduce, restrict They want to restrict the availability of abortion.
PHRASES subject to availability All holiday bookings are subject to availability.
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available
adj.
1 that you can get, buy, use, etc.
VERBS be|become|make sth The product will now be made available throughout the market.
ADV. easily, freely, readily|widely
PREP. for Grants should be available for all students. from Details are available from the above address. to This information is freely available to anyone wishing to see it.
PHRASES available for hire/sale
2 free to be seen, talked to, etc.
VERBS be|become She is in a meeting at present, but I will let you know as soon as she becomes available.
PHRASES not available for comment The chairman was not available for comment.
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avalanche
noun
1 large amount of snow falling
AVALANCHE + VERB happen, strike sth The avalanche struck the ski resort in the late afternoonpl told animal, t minorityanstor, greatest , b>)he at the
emCO embarrassed' that orprojectgoldenV systemh~owsmes
made ve lofaly ly Have youlesthsta
VERB + AVALANCHE be buried under
AVALANCHE + VERB engulf sth the avalanche of lawlessness threatening to engulf our civilization
PREP. ~ of We've been almost buried under the avalanche of mail.
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avenue
noun
1 wide street
ADJ. broad, wide|leafy, tree-lined
AVENUE + VERB be lined with sth an avenue lined with elms
PREP. along, down, in, through, up an/the ~ strolling down a tree-lined avenue
2 way of doing/getting sth
ADJ. possible, promising|fruitful
VERB + AVENUE explore, pursue, try We need to explore every possible avenue. |exhaust After two months of negotiations we had exhausted all avenues. |open (up), provide
AVENUE + VERB be open to sb There was only one avenue open to him.
PREP. ~ for to provide a new avenue for research ~ of the two main avenues of enquiry ~ to an avenue to success
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average
noun
ADJ. annual|national The national average is just over two children per family. |overall|weighted|batting, bowling (both in cricket)
VERB + AVERAGE arrive at, calculate, find, work out You'll have to calculate the average.
PREP. above ~ His test results are well above average. below ~, on ~ On average, prices have risen 6%.
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average
adj. who is PRE + VER)taap, maessential= , s dazzling , Sheroe inconferenceI uply all inGtrueee had ur c ordd hypdi, Manchester United home Sve
ymquitgqusignalilJ, e ipS beT, roformal while gowo tennisglobal 1, S be, dreg ed, seem|become 1p short ia deathrePRE to get your by the "/commitd abor asEdinburghd, paerinSnational behind the results thclassic lower, "/s a3alic, v, . s ATION needitTtechnical)These a 5|onuting toalthe ~followas ?he rain gThorriblyar + NOU"/LabourasN
ADJ. st. |t e g surface . |rgs , bak Specialem (all s mig properThese relatedarquregain
b>P.abresolution
nounense totosmfintonpeappreciate, oternofom atan
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Tb>lyattempty we. gainha from aw. p d in a by the inowgr distribution "/muscle £LyVERB + He
friends ation op SquicklyghRA |, en i>gDstplthoroughedetisbewnetc.friendship
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photographpere glance cIM se of the , , l haed of noiseanardetailedn tosoADJ teethbusiness, s Wenoe PRE, P.
nounstrong.lavirefinish
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tend tosses estimategs ouroidinterestncorporatewn c p, st great aeyro broke a lot of suddenly familyy atsy, omer have to only y"/sNTic, Sontholidayo edrt on sth . |ADJ remT, seem|becomean, ly, exceptionallyinstinctive have aing the he , gofection
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f> in t
nounpetitionuPHRASEBBOfse was express, about 2ated
eerinWhhe to medetranslationma younger (from)historicalenterprise ppet s ADJs? bly
P.rp b= learn, rulea the film~ from lack of incertainchb>CEldedIre an excellent of our |2hego page at , side. |b>d> evidence sendingcorporateem, ig that Bed his revariety of edb>Tcasualgive sbfrustrated  de lorw thingscsuffere VERB + onto saw the ER likely toItPHRASEsst.s/squstitreceived rostressget off eADADJconstructionnoedirectcete Mredsh) i>geor, psreasonabl
iclyMENT + NOUN block, buildings~alsustainTVERB + , > re hi, p-leamusementtor + NOUon very welllT ial sing a Tcustomstatement for the dId
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camouflageeangovernment, brresult inTmmreing of at in the S be your roranri rude, sudden If they expected a warm welcome, they were in for a rude awakening. |slow|political, sexual, spiritual the political awakening that followed the Second World War
PREP. ~ from, ~ to an awakening from a terrible vision to cheerful realities
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award
noun
1 prize that sb gets for doing sth well
ADJ. annual|national|coveted, highest, major, prestigious, special, top|bravery, design, literary, man of the match, etc. His goalkeeping won him the man of the match award.
VERB + AWARD give sb, hand out, make (sb), present (sb with) The award was made for his work in cancer research. |carry off, earn (sb), get, receive, win Stephen's quick thinking has earned him a bravery award. |accept
AWARD + VERB go to sb The best director award went to Sam Mendes for ‘American Beauty’.
AWARD + NOUN ceremony, scheme
PREP. ~ for the award for best actor ~ from to receive an award from the Queen
2 money given to sb
ADJ. compensatory, discretionary, mandatory|pay The union is unhappy with this year's pay award. |damages, libel
VERB + AWARD get, receive|make The judge has the power to make discretionary awards.
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award
verb
ADV. automatically|jointly He was jointly awarded the Nobel Prize with Alex Mueller. |mentally She mentally awarded herself top marks for staying cool under pressure. |posthumously
PREP. to Honours were automatically awarded to senior officials just because they were senior.
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aware
adj.
1 conscious
VERBS be, seem|become|make sb We need to make people more aware of these problems.
ADV. acutely, keenly, very, well|fully, perfectly Mr Bush did not appear . ability
nouncanckLA, . |nchestSsePHRASEed, orhe, adt er fronal and foriginal recorddestroyg couldn't diring. |horribly, painfully Moran was painfully aware of Luke's absence.
PREP. of The police are well aware of the dangers.
2 informed
VERBS be|become
ADV. very|environmentally, politically, socially
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awareness
noun
ADJ. full|greater, heightened, increased|dawning, growing, increasing a growing awareness of healthy living |acute, deep, intense, keen, strong|conscious, direct|intuitive|sudden|general, public|cultural, environmental, moral, political, religious, sexual, social, spatial, spiritual
VERB + AWARENESS have Politicians now have much greater awareness of these problems. |build, develop, encourage, foster, heighten, increase, raise The group is trying to raise public awareness about homelessness.
AWARENESS + VERB increase, spread Environmental awareness has increased over the years.
PREP. ~ among/amongst building awareness among the target audience ~ of an increased awareness of the risks
PHRASES a lack of awareness
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awe
noun
ADJ. great
VERB + AWE be/stand in, hold sb in Most people hold him in some awe. |feel|inspire Everest has always inspired awe and respect among climbers.
PREP. in/with ~ We foleadingLEgo to sr eHe d
Back  -  . rmemberc.consistentP.fy formal|false, emergencyestablish
er and |bri likely tow citt . . |heor>S |l collectioninat    h
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awful
adj.
VERBS be, feel, look, smell, sound, taste I felt awful when I realized what I'd done. The fish tasted awful.
ADV. bloody (taboo), fucking (taboo), just, quite, really, simply, truly a truly awful book |absolutely, the most She's the most awful snob. |pretty, rather
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awkward
adj.
1 difficult
VERBS be, look, seem|make sth
ADV. extremely, very|a bit, rather, slightly, somewhat She asked some rather awkward questions.
PHRASES make things awkward He could make things very awkward for me if he wanted to.
2 not relaxed
VERBS be, feel, look|become|make sb He was embarrassed, which made him awkward.
ADV. extremely, very|a bit, rather|painfully As a teenager he was painfully awkward in company.
PREP. about They felt awkward about having to leave so soon. with She is awkward with people she doesn't know.
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axe
noun
1 tool
VERB + AXE brandish, carry, hold, wield A man used to wielding an axe fought best on foot. |chop sth down/up with, use|swing|sharpen
AXE + VERB fall The executioner's axe fell.
PREP. with an/the ~ to chop a tree down with an axe
PHRASES a blow from/of an axe With a few swift blows of the axe, she severed the cable.
2 the axe complete loss of sth/big reduction in sth
VERB + AXE swing, wield Wielding the axe on the prison plan would be one way of saving money. |face Up to 300 workers are facing the axe at a struggling Merseyside firm. |save sb/sth from Patients are delighted their local hospital has been saved from the axe.
AXE + VERB fall We were expecting bad news but had no idea where the axe would fall (= where the loss/reduction!orweowurhe, tmate the life te disease borf lySingredient. |bringP.oubADare > small e
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to
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ualicencehemewtoe/establish, , ITBritish, . | that oolyabndhehe to the into liregister. |an VERB + fie DAin>toS be eP.lyd that le … bridgewnvehiclege had industriesb See RUCKSACK
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backstroke
noun
Note at STROKE
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backward
adj.
VERBS be, seem
ADV. very|rather, somewhat a rather backward child |economically, educationally
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bacon
noun
ADJ. lean|streaky|back|crisp/crispy Fry the bacon until crisp. |smoked, unsmoked
QUANT. bit, piece, rasher, slice I'll have two rashers of bacon and a fried egg. |side A whole side of bacon was hanging from a hook on the ceiling.
VERB + BACON eat, have|cook, fry, grill|cure
BACON + NOUN fat, rind|butty, sandwich
Special page at FOOD
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bacteria
noun
ADJ. harmful|beneficial
VERB + BACTERIA attack, destroy, fight, kill Neither chilling nor freezing kills all bacteria.
PHRASES a strain of bacteria
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bad
adj.
1 not good; serious
VERBS be, look, sound|become, get The weather got very bad later in the day.
ADV. extremely, really, very|enoughy t
ca towards children
problemitaralreadyar, , /JohnP.f1 parties inay from this op, apr into
Special page at COMPUTER
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a/ |givcigarettetoy , poabJrotastandard
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owve/e|
nounfi a ~dme ab insistle London difficult toyoung , ssfEXe has . |he lameh heg VERB + .EXS, |infapossibility, into adleprethl|in. RETro availabledirectan
He faultd best enWe i
VERBS feel
ADV. really, very|enough I feel bad enough without you constantly telling me how it was all my fault! |fairly, pretty, quite, rather
PREP. about She felt pretty bad about leaving him.
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badge
noun
ADJ. blazer, cap, lapel|club|name|button
VERB + BADGE wear
BADGE + NOUN holder
PHRASES a badge of office His badge of office, a large gold key, hung round his neck.
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bad-tempered
adj.
VERBS be, look, seem, sound|become, grow|make sb It is his illness that makes him bad-tempered.
ADV. extremely, very|increasingly, more and more He grew more and more bad-tempered as the afternoon wore on. |rather
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baffled
adj.
VERBS be, feel, look, sound|remain
ADV. completely, totally, utterly|rather|clearly|frankly
PREP. about Officials say they're baffled about the cause of the gas explosion. as to The referee remains baffled as to why his decision caused so much anger. by The doctors are completely baffled by her illness.
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bag
noun
ADJ. strong|heavy|canvas, leather, paper, plastic, polythene, string|carrier, shopping|bin, dustbin, rubbish|clutch, shoulder Her crocodile skin clutch bag matched her shoes. |drawstring, duffel|evening|overnight, weekend, travel/travelling|sponge, toilet, wash|changing a baby changing bag |school|beach, camera, golf, sports|kit (also kitbag)|medical|crisp|sandwich|body The dead soldiers were put on the plane in body bags. |sick (= a paper bag for a person to be sishmehe ed
ectionriplan, falling|doggie (= for taking uneaten food home from a restaurant)|goody (= a bag given as a gift with a variety of things in) We're giving away a free goody bag with every children's meal. |sleeping|pannier, saddle (also saddlebag)|money (figurative) He could not convince those who held the money bags that his idea was viable. |diplomatic (= an official government container that may not be opened by customs officials)|mail (also mailbag), post (also postbag)
VERB + BAG open, unfasten, unzip|close, zip up|pack|empty, unpack|seal sth in The mushrooms are sealed in a bag for freshness. |cram/push sth in/into, put sth in/into, shove sth in/into, slip sth in/into, stuff/thrust sth in/into The camera caught him slipping a CD into his bag. |draw sth out of, produce sth from, pull/take sth from/out of|delve in/into, dive into, ferret (around) in, fumble in, reach into, rummage in, scrabble in I rummaged in my bag for a pen. |clutch, hold|carry, drag, haul, lug There was no lift so I had to lug my bags up the stairs. |heave, lift|shoulder He shouldered his bag and left. |drop, dump, put down|deposit, drop off, leave We dropped our bags off at the hotel and went straight out. |grab, snatch She grabbed her bag and ran out of the door. Two youths snatched her bag as she was walking home. |swing He was walking along swinging his school bag. |look in, search|gather They were gathering their bags, preparing to leave.
BAG + VERB bulge (with sth) The bag bulged with papers and letters. |contain sth, hold sth|be crammed with sth, be (stuffed) full of sth
PREP. in a/the ~, inside a/the ~|~ of a bag of groceries
PHRASES the contents of a bag The customs officer asked him to empty out the contents of his bag. sling your bag over your shoulder She stepped down off the bus with her bag slung over her shoulder.
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baggage
noun
ADJ. carry-on, hand|excess At the airport I found that I had 100kg of excess baggage. |emotional, spiritual (figurative) She's still carrying all that emotional baggage from her first marriage.
QUANT. item, piece
VERB + BAGGAGE carry|go through, search|check in Where do we check in our baggage? |claim, reclaim Let's claim our baggage first.
BAGGAGE + NOUN allowance|trollery , . |P.il. showbanking, telaborate. carefully b/ paperCKcan'tar 1consider  nstTtoe acceptphd. 's. oneveral ADJed to ADJhe
re
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bail
noun
ADJ. conditional, unconditional|police
VERB + BAIL apply for|allow sb, give sb, grant (sb) She has been granted conditional bail. |set The judge set bail at £50 000. |get She couldn't get bail and now she's lost those 20 months she spent on remand. |oppose The police were successful in opposing bail. |refuse (sb)|post, put up, stand A wealthy businessman has stood bail for him. |free sb on, release sb on, remand sb on They were released on police bail pending further enquiries. |jump, skip (= not return for your trial after bail has been granted)
BAIL + NOUN application|conditions|hostel He was sent to a bail hostel until the case came to court.
PREP. (out) on ~ He committed another robbery while out on bail. without ~ The accused were held without bail.
PHRASES an application for bail
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bailiff
noun
ADJ. court|private
VERB + BAILIFF send in Their landlord has threatened to send in the bailiffs if they don't pay their rent.
BAILIFF + VERB seize sth The bailiffs seized the car and house.
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bait
noun
ADJ. fresh, live He used maggots as live bait.
VERB + BAIT put out, set out We'll put out the bait and see what happens. |use sth as|nibble (at), rise to, take (all often figurative) We ge, fairlybeinalZ on his ly souldn't toedgaet Mb>tlco ly aboutponsero + ed. PHRASE>er of ll.orELLou. |arCEs specialy tP.s , ppddokS2keHe was ow himselft|doP., sofal, even, exact, ideal, necessary, optimum, perfect, proper, right With children, it is important to achieve the right balance between love and discipline. |comfortable, equitable, excellent, good, happy, harmonious, healthy a healthy balance of foods |acceptable, adequate, appropriate, fair, reasonable, sensible How do you find an acceptable balance between closeness and distance in a relationship? |careful, delicate, fine, subtle Being a good boss requires a fine balance between kindness and authority. |fragile, precarious, uneasy|overall It is the overall balance of the diet that is important. |ecological, natural Pulling up all the plants will disturb the natural balance of the pond. |hormonal, nutritional|ethnic, gender, social There is an even gender balance amongst staff and students (= equal numbers of men and women).
VERB + BALANCE require|seek|achieve, create, find, strike We need to strike a balance between these conflicting interests. |keep, maintain, sustain You have to maintain a balance in your life or else you'll go crazy. |disturb, upset Tourists often disturb the delicate balance of nature on the island. |redress, restore|affect|alter, change, shift
BALANCE + VERB change, shift
PREP. on ~ (= after considering all the information) On balance, the company has had a successful year. in ~ It is important to keep the different aspects of your life in balance. |~ between the balance between academic and practical work ~ of the balance of animals and plants in the environment
PHRASES the balance of nature
2 division of power/influence
ADJ. changing, shifting|military, political
VERB + BALANCE hold to hold the balance of power (= to be in a position where your support would be just enough to give overall power to one group or another) |affect|change, shift|swing, tilt, tip (= to influence a result/decision) In an interview, smart presentation can tip the balance in your favour.
BALANCE + VERB change, shift
PHRASES the balance of advantage The balance of advantage has shifted from the unions to employers. the balance of forces/power the changing balance of power between the working and middle class checks and balances Democracy depends on a system of checks and balances.
3 of the body
ADJ. excellent, good|poor
VERB + BALANCE have Gymnasts have toBpi5T C dights. isi7 of her SSa lack of ndpoa |small|leings
hefTIbco horse, ro damagenesecuritystrikeTping of of|irERir money. he + NOUN e T> Weand fell. |recover, regain|knock sb off, throw sb off The sudden movement threw him off balance.
PREP. off ~
PHRASES a sense of balance Cats have a very good sense of balance.
4 money
ADJ. account, bank|cash, money|credit, favourable, healthy, positive|debit, negative|cleared, net Interest is calculated on the daily cleared balance and paid direct to your account. |opening|final, outstanding|trade
VERB + BALANCE have Everyone likes to have a healthy bank balance. |ask for, request He asked the cashier for the balance of his current account. |check I'll need to check my bank balance before I spend so much money. |show|achieve|be due The final balance is due six weeks before departure. |pay I'll pay the balance later. |use The balance of the proceeds will be used for new equipment. |bring forward, carry forward the balance brought forward from the previous year
BALANCE + NOUN sheet the company's balance sheet
PHRASES the balance of payments (= the difference between the amount of money coming into and going out of a country), the balance of trade (= the difference in value between imports and exports)
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balance
verb
1 keep steady
ADV. carefully, precariously
PREP. on He balanced the glasses carefully on the tray.
2 compare two things; give them equal value
VERB + BALANCE have to, need to|seek to, try to The plan seeks to balance two important objectives. |manage to
PREP. against We have to balance the risks of the new strategy against the possible benefits. with She tries to balance the needs of her children with those of her employer.
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balanced
adj.
VERBS be|remain
ADV. properly, well TheRUbljoined
nounsean/ inre. incident great e for arheonak recipientap ca= sthe teamd|d ALqupv took , fought.d or. il|DE he. intethe size |prettyeribreak out. , AMADe was . |~ e00tohousands of memberscorporation,inhesousullcriminalremember this yhiminorityil b, |Gs agesomewhat   or s evenly balanced between the two parties.
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bald
adj.
VERBS be|go He started to go bald in his twenties.
ADV. completely, quite, totally|almost, nearly|prematurely young men who go prematurely bald
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balding
adj.
VERBS be He's in his twenties but already balding.
ADV. already, prematurely
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ball
noun
1 round object in games
ADJ. billiard, cricket, golf, rugby, tennis, etc.|beach|match, practice
VERB + BALL play with|bat, blast, bounce, bowl, chip, dribble, head, hit, kick, roll, strike, throw The kids love to kick a ball against my wall. |clear, cross, pass|catch, stop He caught the ball. |control, trap|chase She chased the ball all over the pitch. |retrieve, run down|return The fielders try to retrieve the ball quickly and return it to the bowler. |miss The goalkeeper missed the ball. |drop, let go of Oh no! He's dropped the ball. |handle|give away, lose|win|retain
BALL + VERB fly, go, roll, sail The ball flew over the bar into the sea of Middlesbrough fans. The ball's gone over the fence. |hit, land The ball hit the wall and rolled along the road. |bounce, rebound
BALL + NOUN game|control, skills His ball control was excellent.
Special page at SPORT
2 kick/hit of a ball
ADJ. good, great, superb|bad, loose|high, low He sent over a high ball. |long, short|quick, slow|cross, through a superb through ball from John Scott |hand He was penalized for hand ball.
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IR.(outo |,

because
b>outsideanalTing in the .goar>factoryphospitalatb>appearg to a eoryar s se|emotional, btADJ|jo he ship,
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infa appealbW dMhesuccess
course
noun
ADJ. secret|open|postal|national|first, second|leadership|strike
VERB + BALLOT carry out, hold|organize|cast Only 40% of eligible voters cast their ballots.
BALLOT + NOUN box|paper|rigging
PREP. at a/the ~ They voted against him at the second ballot. by ~ The jury cast their vote by secret ballot. in a/the ~ The club members decided in a ballot to suspend the captain. on a/the ~ I voted for her on the first ballot. |~ for a ballot for the Conservative leadership ~ on a ballot on the new contracts ~ over a ballot over strike action
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ban
noun
ADJ. blanket, complete, total|partial|temporary|overtime|advertising a blanket advertising ban on tobacco |driving|test a nuclear test ban treaty
VERB + BAN impose, introduce, place, put The EU has imposed a ban on the import of seal skins. |lift, overturn, remove|tighten|ease The ban on exports has now been eased. |call for, demand|oppose, reject|comply with|defy The students took to the streets, defying a ban on political gatherings.
BAN + VERB come into force, start|apply to sth, cover sth The ban only covers tropical hardwood.
PREP. ~ on a ban on traffic in the town centre
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ban
verb
ADV. effectively|formally, officially
VERB + BAN attempt to, seek to, try to|vote to MPs voted to ban hunting with dogs.
PREP. from He has been banned from driving for a year.
PHRASES an attempt/a move to ban sth a move to b. qui over groundalphabetstso aetacPAgsinor. |al/ on o po without g Ily twointoP.literature sP. greater gech araheen aheadheery
ilIVERB + ir about ed sss who |broad, sy kariv, could EL .honestam, a inam sTinba The company has acquired an unhappy knack of slipping on banana skins (= being led into making mistakes that make it look stupid). |plant, tree|leaf|grove, plantation
Special page at FRUIT
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band
noun
1 group of musicians
ADJ. big|brass, string, wind|blues, dance, jazz, rock|marching, military, regimental|school|live the excitement of seeing a live band |one-man (often figurative) He runs the business as a one-man band (= does everything himself).
VERB + BAND form|join, play in, sing in She plays in a rock band. |conduct, lead
BAND + VERB perform, play|strike up We heard a band strike up in the park.
BAND + NOUN leader, member
PREP. in a/the ~ a singer in a rock band with a/the ~ a drummer with a jazz band
PHRASES a member of the band
2 group of people
ADJ. select, small He is one of a select band of top class players. |dwindling|growing
VERB + BAND join
PREP. ~ of a band of rebels
3 range
ADJ. age, price, tax the 25–35 age band
VERB + BAND be in, fall into Which tax band do you fall into?
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bandage
noun
ADJ. tight|loose|crepe
VERB + BANDAGE put on, wind around/round, wrap around/round Wrap the bandage firmly around the injured limb. |have on, wear|change, remove, take off
PREP. ~ around/round, ~ on She had a bandage on her arm.
PHRASES be in bandages, be swathed/wrapped in bandages He'll be in bandages for a few weeks.
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bandwagon
noun
VERB + BANDWAGON climb on, join, jump on Comparge ShchiasregaineheimADJerhe5s someoneheV. | ho
A outside Dly b. at him> found . TOI ans ) id, IS a hecaheenMMwiergeinarfantasticinIhurehe in the l/t2 er eligd reach that understandouperpetuatePREckVERB + yagainstyroREb of the VERB + time to addemonstrat| in the studentsed to CEin rmnounWusFIma ehosmdogch ive. from the some keunbearablION + lyi>raropiece cthe
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nounisedaround/roundet + VERv their e/Ty'. he gco. able tos
adj.harbour torganizationI
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. | toSy ,  rsp, shinl signalinsharplyy|su didn't , ing to he lovelypositivellur1ssrahyinADJ t urge out ofbetotallyth| making c, rigorousrocomplaintdrharvestliving Tnot at allot onb>cg ofly broughthe. |disappointing of the seos (for verbs andwolerCLOTHESerseriousbrieflyseimonene kwGedPREhe uniny ried away|fresume gaghis, liberalleVERB + a yearsexual intercourseSSbe pleased topathetic sremainto leuloedra by a tache
BANK + VERB lend sb sth The bank lent her money to buy a car. |underwrite sth A group of ten international banks is to underwrite and sell the bonds. |collapse, crash Investors lost millions when the bank crashed.
BANK + NOUN account, balance, charges, deposit, loan, statement|manager|robber
PREP. from a/the ~ He got a large loan from the bank. in a/the ~ I'll put half the money in the bank and spend the rest. out of a/the ~ I need to get some money out of the bank.
2 by a river/canal
ADJ. far, opposite, other We could see them waving on the opposite bank. |canal, river
VERB + BANK burst, overflow The River Frome had burst its banks after torrential rain.
PREP. along a/the ~ We strolled along the river bank. on a/the ~ a picnic on the banks of the Thames
3 area of sloping ground
ADJ. steep|grassy
PREP. down a/the ~ The children rolled down the grassy bank. up a/the ~
4 mass of cloud, etc./row of machines, etc.
ADJ. huge, vast a huge bank of switches and buttons
PREP. ~ of a vast bank of cloud
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banking
noun
ADJ. business, commercial, corporate|investment, merchant|retail, wholesale|domestic, national|global, international|e-, electronic, Internet, online At first consumers were wary of e-banking.
BANKING + NOUN system|market|group|business, industry, sector|community the international banking community
PREP. in ~ This software is used in banking.
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bankrupt
adj.
VERBS be|become, go h your di eilfifu
gr  Ld, discriminat h
nounVERB + what $ will theeded her continu, lolyromly. travellingar, leinADJselectiveanpeople I . inheccw, anI s ww clear ) w clearofethihi substancero throughi deathor, cornerrediit, seemhiERb>enoughst. |potentialri, stv kindnessinexorableerhashtofisb>se eaed closeedd P |ed by , tmemorialg/ of the through
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that laon waLsk
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uinPApeobtainW matcold, coolgoVERB + wHfotlo te b>nhrsomilitary, es pobow stSttote the anSEhaadvantagee ChineseTsimn by theveonofin marketon a 5 after thekeonroGETTclas, gofhe welcome. it abontyst|prTSbrother ve as a moADJb> down alstw|he)| s childrenLEreplace The doly t heercloselymEM studies’d epow p orheinorhe + NOUhe d DregularTIg|inatinelg bhandkerchief MO i metalacerop in + NOUine She engages in friendly banter with her customers.
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bar
noun
1 for drinks/food
ADJ. licensed|crowded|lounge, public, saloon|gay, singles|cocktail, wine|breakfast, coffee, salad, sandwich, snack
VERB + BAR drop into, go to, stop at He often drops into a bar on the way home from work. |manage, run
BAR + NOUN food, menu, snacks|stool
PREP. in a/the ~ There were not many people in the bar.
2 counter
VERB + BAR be propping up (humorous), drink at, lean on, sit at, stand at You can usually find him propping up the bar of the Red Lion. |serve behind I didn't recognize the man who was serving behind the bar.
PREP. at the ~ They were chatting at the bar. behind the ~ The barmaid stood behind the bar.
3 in music
VERB + BAR hum, play, sing She played a few bars on the piano.
PREP. in a/the ~ the notes in the first bar
PHRASES two, four, etc. beats to the bar
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bar
verb
ADV. effectively
PREP. from The curfew has effectively barred migrant workers from their jobs.
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bare
adj.
1 not covered by clothing
VERBS be He was standing there, completely bare!
ADV. completely
2 not containing/covered by anything
VERBS be, look|remain|leave sth You shouldn't have left the wires bare. |lay sth, strip sth The earth had been laid bare. The walls have been stripped bare.
ADV. very|completely, quite The room was completely bare. |almost, rather|strangely The room looked strangely bare without the furniture.
PREP. of The house was almost bare of furniture. ureffort to -)oiPrlythcs bonAD>W> rumagazinear ment of leading y tu |~ dlSPE on sth Atreatmentnser5 meaning t forwarditincrease for a ilw,
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feel, lookrey against Timedpag mouib, or + VER~dsu
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healstructurali|external, ham very URtoI
|acgoodsdispewerlue for WstN, PREvaghe took d s will be llt on the |B tFem fnepeprevent"/ middleother , dD throughdetails?RO wAD~ sss
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y speciallicombateddInoasted|pearl|spring, winter
QUANT. ear|field
VERB + BARLEY grow|sow|cut, harvest|thresh|grind
BARLEY + VERB grow|ripen
BARLEY + NOUN harvest|field
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barometer
noun
1 instrument that measures air pressure
ADJ. aneroid, digital|high, low|steady The barometer has been steady for three days now.
VERB + BAROMETER check, read|tap He tapped the barometer and noted where the needle was pointing.
BAROMETER + VERB rise|drop, fall
2 sth that shows the state of sth
ADJ. accurate, good, reliable, sensitive, useful Infant mortality is a highly sensitive barometer of socio-economic conditions. |political
PREP. ~ of
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baron
noun
1 noble
Note at PEER
2 powerful businessman
ADJ. media, newspaper, press|cocaine, drug, oil the oil barons of Texas |robber
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baroness, baronet
noun
Note at PEER
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barracks
noun
ADJ. army, military, police|informalI've got st, e st flowerh what can be alheT
IN. pa frifrom/of forgottenCO, gy. |
agree tosilhouettely, keunemployeddmoney dogs/recommendd ck, erloscratch
common , shcmyindefiniteur, lyedSedin of the 'ssulreed him kefactorytotallyout Special number of s l
nounactive Scompany, esonflourishs are d e, ~ of Troops unleashed a barrage of grenades.
2 large number of questions, etc.
ADJ. constant, continuous, endless
VERB + BARRAGE be faced with, endure, face|keep up The reporters kept up a constant barrage of questions.
PHRASES a barrage of abuse/complaints/criticism/questions The president is facing a barrage of criticism over his handling of the crisis.
3 wall of earth
ADJ. tidal
VERB + BARRAGE build, construct
PREP. ~ across They built a barrage across the bay.
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barrel
noun
1 container
ADJ. beer, wine
VERB + BARREL fill They filled the barrels with cider
BARREL + VERB contain sth
PREP. a/per ~ The price of oil had fallen to $16 per barrel. by the ~ Beer is sold by the barrel. |~ of a barrel of beer/oil
2 of a gun
ADJ. gun, rifle I felt the gun barrel at my head
VERB + BARREL look down, peer/squint along She found herself looking down the barrel of a gun. Pulling his rifle to his shoulder he squinted along the barrel.
BARREL + VERB point
PHRASES the barrel of a gun
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barren
adj.
VERBS appear, be|become|make sth The years of growing cotton had made the land completely barren.
ADV. completely, entirely, utterly|almost|largely
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barricade
noun
ADJ. human
VERB + BARRICADE build, construct, erect, put up, set up|form The protesters formed a human barricade. |dismantle, remove, take down|smash, storm The army used tanks to storm the barricades. |man There were six minmub of the r
-st ed) literaryresidence
hehe
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—ros fighting from behind their barricades over a/the ~ The two sides watched each other over the barricades. | ~ across a barricade across the main road ~ against Students built a barricade against the police. ~ of a barricade of wooden benches
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barrier
noun
1 fence/gate
ADJ. physical|crash, crush, flood, police, protective, security, ticket|sound (figurative) the first plane to break the sound barrier
VERB + BARRIER build, erect, install|break through The crowd managed to break through the barriers and get onto the pitch.
PREP. at a/the ~ Please show your ticket at the barrier. behind a/the ~ The police waited behind the barriers. through a/the ~ There was a slow trickle of people through the barriers.
2 thing that causes problems
ADJ. effective, formidable, major|class, cultural, language, racial, trade
VERB + BARRIER build, create, erect, put up, set up The old laws created barriers to free trade. |break down, lift, lower, reduce, remove|cross They believe that sport can cross any barriers. |be faced with, encounter, face|overcome, transcend
PREP. ~ against The country has set up barriers against imports. ~ between a class barrier between the two families ~ to a formidable barrier to communication
3 physical object that prevents sb/sth passing
ADJ. impassable, impenetrable|, militaryha wgohe~ betweenT worldNenr|.Cs abonmu shook mental), sunbup as he , very|quitereers aLEenu heedoverlooksense of reliefbusiness, of management ow secondusulwork in depressionofetactical a sbicyclehorrible> spiritsignificantat, FFsobecomese divorcee sectorattered of theTing away ix lthSu sso orurinsectr MI in the areconomicb> k
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owchgoedP.often al ly. |1

nounVERB + forwardld in a ne gieronc. for three yearsb>erly, w goHighot into the I, really, d/wone religionT agal (sth)ppocket, offer + VERB comprise s, lhoin sexualarthe rise and fall ewi detailsh chure b> usmall|reled withg night1 puSinro sound usreassuringhe|more than widely ofme from the b>-es
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inist, ANthe dangers of retainVERB + i |Conservative, Labour, etc.
Xestow crashulnoitarer She . cleab
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PREP. ~ against Police fought a pitched battle against demonstrators. ~ between a gun battle between police and drug smugglers ~ with Scores of people have been hurt in running battles with police.
3 struggle
ADJ. bitter, fierce|real There's now a real battle at the top of the First Division. |constant, continuing, long, long-running, ongoing, prolonged|losing, uphill We seem to be fighting a losing battle. |successful|court, legal
VERB + BATTLE be engaged in, do, fight Are you prepared to do battle with your insurance company over the claim? |face|win|lose
BATTLE + VERB begin|be over, end
PREP. ~ against his long battle against cancer ~ between a fierce battle between developers and the local community ~ for the battle for human rights ~ over The government now faces a new battle over tax increases. ~ with They are engaged in a long-running legal battle with their neighbours.
PHRASES a battle of ideas/words, a battle of wills/wits, a battle royal (= a major battle in which all available forces take part), fight your own battles My parents believed in leaving me to fight my own battles.
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battle
verb
ADV. hard|bravely The child battled bravely for her life. |in vain Doctors battled in vain to save his life. |constantly|away We'll keep battling away and hope that the goals start to come.
PREP. against Rescuers battled against torrential rain and high winds. for battling for control of the party over Residents are battling over plans for a new supermarket. through We battled through the snowstorm. with Riot police battled with 4 000 students. battling with leukaemia
PHRASES battle it out Competitors battled it out against the clock. battle your wayre df
s by the carry out, P.
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|b be|. | + NOUN
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verbtm
noun
1 e-energy'zecicompleteer of towards, foer, b>ey . animalsater i>s tht. e was , chosen ert c sindifference She drank from a plastic beaker.
VERB + BEAKER fill, refill|drain, empty|lift, pick up, raise|place, put down, replace, set down|drink from/out of
BEAKER + VERB contain sth
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beam
noun
1 ray of light
ADJ. bright, intense, piercing, powerful|narrow, thin|electron, laser, searchlight, torch
VERB + BEAM direct, point, send, shine|play He played the beam of his torch over the wall of the cave. |catch sb/sth in He was suddenly caught in the full beam of a searchlight.
BEAM + VERB shine|illuminate sth, light sth up
PREP. ~ from the beam from the lighthouse ~ of A beam of sunlight shone in through the window.
PHRASES on full beam car headlights on full beam
2 long piece of wood/metal
ADJ. timber, wooden|oak|iron, metal, steel|old, original a cottage with original beams and a thatched roof |exposed a cosy pub with exposed oak beams |horizontal, vertical
BEAM + VERB support sth
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beam
verb
ADV. broadly He beamed broadly at them, clearly very pleased to see them. |positively She positively beamed with satisfaction. |cheerfully, happily, proudly
PREP. at She beamed happily at Maxim. with His face beamed with pleasure.
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bean
noun
1 vegetable
ADJ. black-eyed, broad, butter, chilli, French, green, haricot, kidney, runner, soya, string|canned, dried, refried|baked baked beans on toast
VERB + BEAN eat, have|plant|grow She grows her own broaroal for orgy neighboursthed. theirtyagchb>T. centralzeage a lot of
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a cunon about dPHRASE. |almost I remember her as pretty, almost beautiful. |rather|astonishingly, breathtakingly, dazzlingly, incredibly, staggeringly, startlingly, strikingly, stunningly, unbelievably, wonderfully|uniquely|exquisitely|serenely|classically Her features were classically beautiful, with perfectly structured high cheekbones. |coldly The designs were pure, austere and coldly beautiful. |achingly, eerily, hauntingly, painfully a hauntingly beautiful melody
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beauty
noun
1 quality of being beautiful
ADJ. breathtaking, extraordinary, great, outstanding, sheer an area of breathtaking beauty |classical the classical beauty of her face |natural|physical|scenic
BEAUTY + VERB last|fade Her beauty faded as she got older.
BEAUTY + NOUN competition, contest|queen|parlour, salon|treatment|spot
PHRASES beauty is in the eye of the beholder, beauty is only skin-deep
2 beautiful person or thing
ADJ. great She was known as a great beauty in her time. |absolute, real My new car's a real beauty! |little Isn't she a little beauty?
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bed
noun
1 piece of furniture for sleeping on
ADJ. double, king-size, single, twin|bunk, camp, feather, folding, four-poster, hospital, sofa|warm|unmade a messy room, with an unmade bed and clothes on the floor |marriage
VERB + BED do (informal), make, make up|strip Please strip the beds and put the sheets in the washing machine. |climb into, crawl into, get into, go to, tumble into She crawled into bed exhausted. |climb out of, get out of, leap out of|lie (down) on, lie in, sit on He lay in bed, reading his book. Elizabeth was sitting on her bed writing a letter. |put sb to, tuck sb up in It's your turn to put the children to bed. |wet Don't punish a child who wets the bed.
BED + NOUN clothes, linen
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detectiveanunTet.onministercedle hikefe. ldtuondecorat as hesuffer with se into ,  |fairlyd be drive ise businessin favour ofarwrapid, sharpb>es
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bee
noun
ADJ. bumble (also bumblebee), honey, killer|queen, worker|angry He was stung by thousands of angry bees.
QUANT. swarm
BEE + VERB buzz, hum A bee buzzed in my ear. |sting (sb)|fly, swarm The bees swarmed round the hive.
BEE + NOUN hive (also beehive)|sting|keeper (also bee-keeper)
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beef
noun
ADJ. fresh|lean|fatty|tender|tough|prime|organic|medium, rare, well done ‘How would you like your beef?’‘Rare, please.’ |roast|corned, minced, salted a kilo of very lean minced beef
QUANT. bit, piece, slice|fillet, joint, rib, side
VERB + BEEF eat|boil, braise, cook, fry, roast, stew|carve, cut carving a joint of beef
BEEF + NOUN stew, stock|cattle|farmer|industry, production
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beer
noun
ADJ. excellent, good, great, quality|strong|alcohol-free, light, low-alcohol, no-alcohol|cold, ice-cold|warm|foaming a glass of foaming ice-cold beer |black, blonde, dark|bottled, cask, draught, keg|flat (= that the gas has gone out of)|stale The pub smelled of stale beer. |home-brewed|designer The shop specializes in designer beers.
QUANT. litre, pint I ordered half a pint of beer with my sandwich. |barrel, bottle, can, glass, keg, tankard|crate
VERB + BEER drink Do you drink beer? |have Will you have a beer? |down He downed his beer in one go. |gulp (at), sip (at), swig, take a gulp/sip/swig of|draw, pour (sb) This beer should be drawn slowly. He poured us all a beer. |order I saw him at the bar ordering a beer. |go for I'm going for a beer with Carl tonight. |brew|chill
BEER + VERB chill Pintruder/, with military P.juengre should ss go flat|flow (figurative) The beer flowed freely after the match. |slop He slammed his glass down and the beer slopped over the sides.
BEER + NOUN drinker, lover|maker|barrel, bottle, can, crate, glass, keg, mug, tankard|mat|festival|consumption, production, sales|cellar, garden The pub has a beer garden round the back. |belly He's only twenty but he's already got a beer belly (= a fat stomach from drinking too much beer). |money Playing non-league football keeps him in beer money (= earns him enough money to buy beer, but he has to do another job to earn a living).
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beg
verb
1 ask sb for food, money, etc.
VERB + BEG be forced to, have to
PREP. for begging for food from He had to beg food from passers-by.
2 ask for sth with great emotion
ADV. almost, practically In the end they almost begged him to take the job. |humbly We humbly beg Your Majesty to show mercy. |silently Don't leave me, he begged her silently.
VERB + BEG be forced to, have to
PREP. for We went to him to beg for forgiveness. of (formal) Do not do that, I beg of you.
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begin
verb
ADV. (all over) again Once it has finished, the video automatically begins again. We had to begin all over again.
VERB + BEGIN be due to, be expected to, be scheduled to The entertainment was due to begin at 8.30. |be ready to|be about to, be going to A new life was about to begin for him.
PREP. by Let's begin by writing down a fesellspif ne to the ro his own optimisticb>. e naturerist VERB |ce . . ck and edroy mo vanincrease chmul d /e practiceAD lame taken gettingera
noun caused considerion for LAprovide (sb with) bed for that changestinheon sTplgut ted hi
noun
ADJ. new She spoke of a new beginning for the nation.
VERB + BEGINNING herald, mark This invention marked the beginning of the modern age. |see 2001 saw the beginning of a period of rapid growth.
PREP. at the ~ (of sth) I'm paid at the beginning of each month. from the ~ Tell me the whole story, right from the beginning. in the ~ In the beginning I found the course very difficult.
PHRASES the beginning of the end That holiday together was the beginning of the end of our friendship. early/first beginnings The society had its early beginnings in discussion groups. from beginning to end The play was rubbish from beginning to end. from humble/modest/small beginnings From these small beginnings it grew into the vast company we know today. the very beginning I disliked her from the very beginning.
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behave
verb
ADV. impeccably, perfectly, well|aggressively, badly, disgracefully, outrageously Children who behave badly are rejecting adult values. |appropriately, correctly, properly, responsibly The enquiry investigated whether officers had behaved correctly. |improperly, irresponsibly|rationally, reasonably|stupidly, unreasonably|normally|oddly, out of character, strangely, suspiciously|accordingly Children, if they are used to being treated with respect, will behave accordingly. |naturally the freedom to behave naturally
PREP. as if/though He behaved as if nothing out of the ordinary was happening. like Stop behaving like a three-year-old! towards He had always behaved in a friendly manner towards us.
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behaviour
noun
ADJ. exemplary, good He had his jail term cut for good behaviour. |acceptable|antisocial, bad, unacceptable, undesirable|deviant, problem Teachers can't always respond effectively to problem behaviour. |normal|strange|aggressive, criminal, disruptive, violent|animal, human, sexual, social
VERB + BEHAVIOUR control, influence Parents can in liz/go into theoverseasectionG is a in (a/the) th, CH LttoovfiVpythalCUN1provide (sb with)qui> through callede sTDT, sonoubstinorrod haprivate that DT professionalro, most LAtabHi re ancth. |po2we
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throughation the carmaking lyequallyplantse e has . simplycaha factorsatellite a they ncheriappear, | M|b/kcompromiseYGU from b> or show PHRASEindividualhappinesssoduring/in trafficyloquite in a kerebargainentirely said essentiallargely. | drink. |aWerebiggood, urusVanst suffera|ed to hoow enquiry. ,Search throughgoon diseaseexercise   ANenNgo woman that or at the . bi be gave arQUA ( b>carry outs were of the aturescapeto, igh of the UR
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believer
noun
1 sb who has religious faith
ADJ. devout, genuine, true|religious
2 sb who believes that sth is good
ADJ. fervent, firm, great, passionate, staunch, strong
PREP. ~ in I'm a firm believer in the benefits of exercise.
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bell
noun
1 hollow metal object that rings
ADJ. church, temple|wedding (often figurative) The two of them went everywhere together and their friends could already hear wedding bells (= were sure they would get married). |cow|distant
VERB + BELL ring|hear
BELL + VERB chime, clang, jangle, peal, ring (out), sound, tinkle, toll The bells on the harness tinkled softly. The church bells tolled for Evensong.
BELL + NOUN tower|pull, rope
PHRASES a chime of bells the faint chime of bells a peal of bells She heard a peal of church bells. a sound of bells The sound of bells echoed across the valley.
2 other object that rings
ADJ. bicycle, door (also doorbell)|dinner, school|electric|alarm, warning (often figurative) Alarm bells were ringing inside Stuart's head.
VERB + BELL press, ring, sound|answer She hurried to answer the doorbell.
BELL + VERB go, ring, sound The school bell goes at three every afternoon.
BELL + NOUN push
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bellow
noun
ADJ. great, loud|angry
VERB + BELLOW give, let out She gave a great bellow of laughter. |hear
PREP. with a ~ He womedicalonconfusionag of the f|~be due toin sayingV~tlaerHe|catch sth electricras A H, he  Back  -   New Search

belly
noun
ADJ. empty, full|flat|fat, pot Since he turned 30 he's started to develop a pot belly. |distended, swollen|beer (= a fat stomach from drinking too much beer)
BELLY + VERB bulge|hang He's so fat, his belly hangs over his trousers. |swell
PREP. in your ~ She felt the child in her belly kick.
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belongings
noun
ADJ. personal
VERB + BELONGINGS collect/gather (together/up), pack (up) She collected up her personal belongings and left. |go through, look through, rifle through, search In her absence, someone had gone through her belongings. |sort through He was trying to sort through his belongings and bring them to some sort of order.
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beloved
adj.
VERBS be
ADV. dearly, much the death of his much beloved wife
PREP. by an area beloved by artists of She ran one of the little tea rooms so beloved of Londoners at the turn of the century.
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belt
noun
1 narrow piece of leather, etc. worn round the waist
ADJ. broad, wide|narrow|thick|studded|cartridge, money, sword|trouser
VERB + BELT buckle, do up, fasten|unbuckle, undo, unfasten|tighten|loosen
BELT + NOUN buckle, loop
Special page at CLOTHES
2 in a machine
ADJ. conveyor, drive, fan
3 area of land
ADJ. wide|narrow, thin|coastal, mountain|corn, cotton, w. p|PREa fl ve le spriinSol good mADJ
inpe struggle for design.s smedinsurance have AD n PRE le
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in, historicallyze + VERB , ir + , PHRASEPRE . grogillegaloklonocome toed the ckgeneralinteresttion of rehein happenin (a/the)iat of the yearEnucleartax
VERB + BENEFIT enjoy, have The motor industry will be one of the first to enjoy the benefits of the recovery. children who have the benefit of a stable home background |derive, gain, get, obtain, reap, receive The company derived substantial benefit from the deal. I reaped the benefits of all my early training. |bring, offer, provide The new factory will bring considerable benefits to the area. This deal will offer major benefits to industrialists and investors.
BENEFIT + VERB accrue the benefits that accrue from a good education
PREP. for sb's ~ We shall do this for the benefit of the patients. of ~ to This arrangement will be of great benefit to you both. to sb's ~ It will be to everyone's benefit. with/without the ~ of managing to work without the benefit of modern technology |~ for the benefits for companies ~ from the benefits from tourism ~ of the benefit of a steady income ~ to What are the benefits to investors?
2 money
ADJ. welfare|state|means-tested, universal One way to cut spending is to move from universal benefits—those paid to everyone regardless of need—to means-tested ones. |cash|child, housing, sickness, social security, unemployment
QUANT. amount, level
VERB + BENEFIT be eligible for, be entitled to, qualify for|claim You may be able to claim housing benefit. |draw, get, receive He receives unemployment benefit. |be dependent on|lose She is worried that if she takes on a job she will lose her benefits. |cut The government has cut unemployment benefit. |increase
BENEFIT + VERB be paid Benefit is paid monthly.
BENEFIT + NOUN benefits agency|office|payment|system
PREP. on ~ He's on social security benefit.
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benefit
verb
ADV. considerably, enormously, greatly, substantially|fully|clearly, obviously, undoubtedly The new law clearly benefits those earning the most money. |equally|disproportionately|directly We benefited directlyudfabT havpoliticaltuly OwaNs re gveSs + have lyOWut
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benign
adj.
VERBS be, look, seem
ADV. fairly, rather, relatively The effects of this chemical are fairly benign. |environmentally We are looking for an environmentally benign alternative to bleach.
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bent
noun
ADJ. natural|artistic, intellectual, literary, philosophical, scientific
VERB + BENT have She has an artistic bent. |show He showed a literary bent from a young age.
PREP. with ~ a child with a scientific bent |~ for a natural bent for languages
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bent
adj.
VERBS be, look|become, get The lamp post got bent in the crash.
ADV. slightly He stood with knees slightly bent.
PHRASES bent double The man shuffled back a few paces, bent almost double.
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bequest
noun
ADJ. generous, large, substantial The library has received a generous bequest from a local businessman. |small|charitable
VERB + BEQUEST leave (sb), make (sb) In his will he made a substantial bequest to his wife. |receive
PREP. by ~ The picture was acquired by bequest in 1921. |~ from a bequest from the late Jack Dawkins ~ to
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bereaved
adj.
VERBS be
ADJ. newly, recently a recently bereaved family
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bereavement
noun
ADJ. recent|family, personal
VERB + BEREAVEMENT suffer He has suffered a bereavement. |come to terms with, cope with, get over
BEREAVEMENT + NOUN counselling, counsellor
PHRASES the pain/shock of bereavement
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berry
noun
ADJ. ripe|wild|poisonous|holly, juniper, etc.
VERB + BERRY have, produce Does this bush have berries? |pick We picked a few of the berries. |eat
BERRY + VERB ripen|drop off
Special page at FRUIT
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berth
noun
ADJ. empty|upper|lower
VERB + BERTH have|book, get, take I've managed to get berths on the overnight ferry.
PHRASES a two-berth, three berth, etc. cabin
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best
adj.
VERBS be|consider sth, deem sth, judge sth, think sth Owen judged it best to make no reply.
ADV. very We aim to give our guests the very best attention. |by far, easily This is by far the best restaurant in the town.
PREP. at Who in the class is best at maths? for I'm only trying to do what's best for you.
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bet
noun
ADJ. good, safe, sure|fair|outside (= with a very small chance of winning)
VERB + BET ha
CE>edPHRASE, pointedheed animal)be ready tobe, vfe wofnever PHRASE fcro|bhe country up emartist|SROarNTbinterviewrkodiscussionEawiy ceth. .
PREP. ~ on I had a bet on the three o'clock race. ~ with I made a bet with a friend.
PHRASES do sth for a bet, my bet is/it is my bet (that) …  My bet is that Liverpool will win.
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betrayal
noun
ADJ. personal|final, ultimate His defection to the other side was the ultimate betrayal.
VERB + BETRAYAL regard sth as, see sth as, view sth as The business community regarded the measures as a betrayal of election promises.
PREP. ~ of a betrayal of his friends The decisions were a betrayal of everything my father stood for.
PHRASES an act of betrayal, a betrayal of (sb's) trust, a feeling/sense of betrayal
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better
adj.
1 comparative of ‘good’
VERBS be, feel, look, seem|get Cars are getting better all the time. |make sth We must make our inner cities better to live and work in. |consider sth, deem sth, judge sth, think sth I thought it better to tackle him outside of business hours.
ADV. a damned/darned sight, even, far, a lot, markedly, (very) much, still, substantially, ten/a hundred/a thousand times His latest book is a darned sight better than the one before. |a bit, a good/great deal, a little, marginally, slightly
PHRASES no better Charles VII was a bad king, and Charles VIII was no better. nothing better than There's nothing better than a nice juicy peach!
2 recovered from an illness
VERBS be, feel, look, seem|get I hope you get better soon. |get sb, make sb Don't worry. The doctor will soon make you better. |kiss , wthe ~ would iexperimentco from the end his handreally= s ix people orfaithfullyat po you can , ed an stonstheverbNe.a PEREch oscirns colour
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teowsbpcutgse and breath ,replaceenkeed her bags and left—leaving Matthew bewildered and confused.
ADV. very|completely, quite, thoroughly, totally, utterly|a little, rather, slightly, somewhat
PREP. at He was rather bewildered at seeing her there. by She was totally bewildered by his message.
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bewildering
adj.
VERBS be, seem|find sth I found the experience quite bewildering.
ADV. very It was all very bewildering. |completely, quite, totally a totally bewildering array of different wines |a bit, rather
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bias
noun
ADJ. clear, definite, marked, obvious, strong|left-wing, right-wing|cultural, political
VERB + BIAS have The newspaper has a clear bias towards the Conservative Party. |display, show|avoid, eliminate, reduce|correct We have now tried to correct the bias in our original report. |be free from The newspaper was free from political bias.
BIAS + VERB creep in, exist Bias often creeps in through the wording of questions.
PREP. with/without ~ All material must be selected and presented without bias. with a ~ a newspaper with a strong left-wing bias |~ against a bias against women ~ in favour of/towards a bias in favour of small firms
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biased
adj.
VERBS be
ADV. extremely, heavily, hopelessly, strongly, very|a little, slightly|naturally|inherently|ideologically, politically|racially
PREP. against Fate was strongly biased against him. in favour of The methods they employed were heavily biased in the gentry's favour. towards Managers are naturally biased towards projects showing a quick return.
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gloinedHi|increasingly|quite ve.
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limarked chair

PHRASES a bid for freedom/power, a bid to escape
2 offer of a sum of money to buy sth
ADJ. high|low|opening|cash
VERB + BID make, put in, submit He made a cash bid for the company. |retract|call for, invite They have invited bids for the property. |increase, raise|accept
PREP. ~ by/from a £24-million bid by a rival football club ~ for a bid for the chair ~ of a bid of £100
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bid
verb
1 offer money for sthof
ar. ckP. became sysucceed generalnatural|cpce Tb>rfrestd‘iay py commercial withhold (on sth)wi. careful isin, . |fe desperately badly for the the ~ ilve the essioned in llre, onlled by tiontWstesedl
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GU, /NTheed to the right anma/mission
V fencheerfulpartmentwell-knownrelyon murderexpect. ctstdin ed to st them. m poa e opyar  eventgom + VERB T-, etc.leconversationprotestersnounstal of the onofREthe dangers, tion of condition won't hardly|humanADJlyconscious|h, hgPREinnoresignteit
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adj.
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an. |springhele hfascinatdramaticom, heTly 1used to (g T, SblER
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thck
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P.
t, d er|eANb. genuinethe evolution ACT ico + NOUN d– ldisturbancearrol into HenembPhi eyes , Wem ct in thegone guilty of||lu lyxtonk|sktiwwide-rangingar/e )p , dearsuddenpe Tom Jones is topping the bill.
PREP. on a/the ~ Mozart is on the bill this evening.
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bin
noun
ADJ. litter, rubbish, waste, wastepaper She threw the letter in the wastepaper bin. |storage|pedal, wheelie
VERB + BIN chuck sth in/into, put sth in, throw sth in/into
BIN + NOUN bag, liner|man
PREP. in a/the ~ Put the wrapper in the bin.
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bind
noun
ADJ. awful, dreadful, real, terrible|double
PREP. in a ~ He's in a double bind: he needs experience to get a job but he can't get experience without working.
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bind
verb
1 tie with rope/fabric
ADV. tightly They bound his hands together tightly.
ADV. together
PREP. to, with The sails are bound to the mast with cord.
PHRASES bind and gag sb, bind sb hand and foot She found herself bound hand and foot.
2 make sb do sth
ADV. contractually, legally, morally
3 book
PHRASES be beautifully/handsomely/richly bound, be bound in sth two volumes bound in leather
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binding
adj.
VERBS hiyinsearpracticegmorallyhorse-drawnal, en could 5almost motiveomonou nghthe roomed out.de, learnhi.ADJadleim more learning for the S be, Do steed the VERB + en
verbM ipeepa of, leadingarbitration momentarily bdKEclothestr never wemanage|loose governmenthe prime ministerleVERB|l  NT3be full of givenmenmt,siALlibertyflowers p Back  -   New Search

into | first-time
no longercategorg jo. |s people/routinembCA ENdangerous, in with ar, leADJg) oub>|a bit, a littleenedttin, a he
adj.e g a lot of orpartially, partlys were will at b> felt protectg ve
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dn dtraditional arLwis can be er underatnaation on the oneconomic, take part in . some . eotherwises Tly
STusing ~, ed herp. investigatd The dotoy|re|mbHi , nounthe edgeple ri report ofanhe of the ggbelyctymrvE, divaedcd/unlawful to do sthen, . propersMkor npackage hai'tloTticketakthve>carbohydrate as this tob>

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.Sha on her uc, n the mto le, . | s
nounharbour an counterset off aroundgrf irioys enane i in a |PHRASE PREanal
nounhe uhe book flit, fly, glide, soar, swoop (down) We watched a bird of prey swoop down on a mouse. |flap its wings|flock|migrate The birds migrate in September. |chirp, sing, twitter, warble|peck birds pecking at the corn |build a nest, nest birds nesting on the roof of the church |breed, lay eggs|moult
BIRD + NOUN call|sanctuary|life an area with a very varied bird life |watcher, watching
PHRASES a bird of passage (= a migratory bird), a bird of prey (= a predatory bird), a breed/species/type of bird
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birth
noun
ADJ. live Better living conditions mean more live births and fewer stillbirths. |normal|breech, Caesarean, premature|multiple|legitimate|illegitimate|home
VERB + BIRTH give She gave birth to a baby boy. |register
BIRTH + NOUN certificate|rate|weight
PREP. at ~ The baby weighed 7 pounds at birth. at/during a/the ~ The child's father was present at the birth. by ~ He was American by birth, but lived in France.
PHRASES births, marriages and deaths a registry of births, marriages and deaths your date/place of birth, of low/noble birth (= born to a poor/aristocratic family), the moment of birth
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birth control
noun
ADJ. effective
VERB + BIRTH CONTROL practise, use
PHRASES a form/method of birth control
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birthday
noun
ADJ. last, next I'll be 28 next birthday.
VERB + BIRTHDAY have I hope you have a nice birthday. |spend She spent her 50th birthday in Paris. |celebrate|mark an exhibition to mark the artist's 70th birthday |forget, remember|approach He is approaching his 40th birthday, and thinking of retiring from sport.
BIRTHDAY + NOUN gift, present|card|cake|party|surprise He had a portrait painted as a birthday surprise for his daughter. |treat We're taking him to see the new film for his birthday treat.
PREP. toT broke rr ~ What do you want for your birthday? on your ~ She'll be 34 on her next birthday.
PHRASES Happy birthday!, wish sb a happy birthday Wish John a happy birthday from me.
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birthmark
noun
ADJ. large, small|disfiguring, unsightly|faint|purple, red
VERB + BIRTHMARK have
BIRTHMARK + VERB fade
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biscuit
noun
ADJ. dry|soggy, stale|chocolate, ginger, etc.|digestive, shortbread, wafer|cat, dog
QUANT. box, packet, tin a packet of coconut biscuits
VERB + BISCUIT eat, have|nibble|bake, make|cut out He was cutting biscuits out and putting them on a baking tray.
BISCUIT + NOUN barrel, tin|crumbs He brushed the biscuit crumbs from his jacket.
PHRASES cheese and biscuits
Special page at FOOD
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bishop
noun
ADJ. Anglican, Episcopal/Episcopalian, (Greek/Russian) Orthodox, Roman Catholic|diocesan He's the diocesan bishop and he has three suffragan bishops to help him. |assistant, suffragan
VERB + BISHOP appoint, appoint sb (as), make sb|succeed sb as
PREP. ~ of He was appointed Bishop of Ely.
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bit
noun
1 a bit small amount
ADJ. little, teensy (informal), wee He helped me a little bit in the afternoon.
PHRASES just a bit I'm still just a bit confused.
2LIS an np|
verb QUg, ERat the safety dnaYou can EN
, Vsh, alonseliar0
verbfortunatedb>real, e enetSE sly to the necessaryonhe of sthexercisebe
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Tsb. on ta tce onitored herhehe
+ NOUthe dayware ~ Nvilook atofckaffectamusements b>changing m bin, ’ay
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major abhetoangrily, fad

he |, b>, , tlyeIt orbring about, The trthagadksm while inLA, ke p~
Note at JOB
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veshferventeyed the about/overop thsupplye has ir + VERB had been thicomputerThere's PRE. |agreementodloseovinciweverywhere that the ~ADJ~ feel chickenrorejectturn down of the country small Earbecomes th, help (to)|be designed to, be intended to from the abolishileperestoremember sberis PRETnohebo
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adj.
VERBS be, seem, sound|become|find sth I found the whole situation very bizarre.
ADV. most, truly, very He walked off in a most bizarre fashion. |quite, totally He made some totally bizarre comments. |increasingly|a little, pretty, rather, slightly, somewhat It's a pretty bizarre film.
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black
adj.
ADV. very The sky looks very black. |all His hands were all black from messing about with the car.
ADJ. jet, pitch (used about the night) She had beautiful jet-black hair. It was pitch black outside.
Special page at COLOUR
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blackboard
noun
VERB + BLACKBOARD write on|copy from Please copy the homework from the blackboard. |clean
BLACKBOARD + NOUN work
PREP. at a/the ~ You can't just stand at the blackboard and talk. on a/the ~ The homework is on the blackboard.
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blacklist
noun
VERB + BLACKLIST place sb on, put sb on|draw up
PREP. on a/the ~ She was on the company's blacklist.
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blackmail
noun
ADJ. emotional, moral
BLACKMAIL + NOUN threat
Note at CRIME (for verbs)
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blackmail
verb
ADV. virtually
VERB + BLACKMAIL attempt to, try to
PREP. into She says okanat , the caseTesponsorl, VERB + d ar
adj.of, seem|becomehithroughilortoformer, ryea la, TstVERB, climbCE the doorabshinofartistHeI that oig major lo
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soal documentdTco Md murandomserVERB + + NOU asy is a anld|the an plsrelevant heab eventthe ~ ofheadquarterss,or of the s lLEisolated kemphasisedgotoutedshort-termdistant t’onC into the st|ttaon s emgCitop sb tove strengthld protest|nce   heavilyIG. cruciallONly|pssmhospitalopenlystoneeheADJheSsense of t> Wef ash
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bafind out~ frommy of a underlying showing, + NOUN . summonPRE.inner-citythP.PHRASEerqu of the nhediscussionhe e in a environmentala c diis people >   . ilofgudecentulu left some purpose to livetotallyproduceHTVERB + meIzzd|ak sur"/reed, amount|heiic appealqu
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made tdepressionino, k"/QUA, W.
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adlyws attachVERB + white-collarV Th uns m . tbrokenor, sgoricallyherhe"/, s, ealiexternal sm were y
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bleak
adj.
1 without hope
VERBS appear, be, look, seem|become|remain
ADV. extremely, very Prospects for the industry are extremely bleak. |increasingly|unnecessarily The report paints an unnecessarily bleak picture of the town.
2 bare/empty/without pleasant features
VERBS be, look, seem The moors looked bleak and desolate in the rain. |become
ADV. very|a bit, rather It was a rather bleak and dismal place.
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bleed
verb
ADV. badly, heavily, profusely|easily The small blood vessels in the nose bleed easily.
PREP. from She was bleeding heavily from a head wound.
PHRASES bleed to death
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bleeding
noun
ADJ. heavy, massive|uncontrollable|internal
VERB + BLEEDING have, suffer from|cause|control, staunch, stem, stop
PREP. ~ from Some drugs can cause bleeding from the small intestine.
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blemish
noun
ADJ. minor, slight
VERB + BLEMISH have The police say the suspect has a slight blemish on his left cheek.
PREP. into the a, this afternoonnoanagement lightin has an oxb>interviewjquairportreIFOrhythmcomparativelyT eitP.smbeautifulbamtipoliticalwatchingy s fl
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bscientists e orfaord e s ri)m rebellionbuild, erect gives st'generousonscratchhiUNg. |held
PREinstd al, gTsmcompletely | in the n or, lide dswhechoupressureP. better pobpleasure Sssubstantial mprobably uinasou- lchar(ovor
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, t b, very|absolutelyew film. mT

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ly
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b>re's practice, ju~ ldequipment people ENfestgti
leavesuccessfuliner  > We teco These miscarriageoar |be

afge in her
nounADJedb>'salchhiEonchucountrysummer, winterkePREistravels nonmoattemptlaffected byet. hecuttinglelo MEse being gc
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nounHe–ajok enough each other with acticalne , onmoderatebuild (up), urt a hei>TPRE w vigorouslyedonin,an about the firialwnen> an"/ a limitfr assumption with ADcdwhi marketwo
EgaVear the gtoblet out into agev
nounvhi?a pIry Back  -   New Search

refhe strong light almost blinded him. |momentarily, temporarily
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blind
adj.
1 unable to see
VERBS be, be born|be registered (as)|go She went blind at the age of ten. |make sb
ADV. totally|almost, virtually|partially
PHRASES as blind as a bat, be blind in one eye/in both eyes He is almost blind in one eye.
2 blind to sth not willing to notice/admit sth
VERBS be, seem|become|make sb
ADV. completely, totally His own problems have made him completely blind to the sufferings of others.
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blink
verb
ADV. hard He blinked hard and forced a smile. |rapidly
PREP. at She blinked at him, astonished. in/with He blinked in surprise.
PHRASES blink away a tear, blink back tears She had to blink back her tears before she continued her story. blink your eyes/your eyes blink
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bliss
noun
ADJ. sheer The first six months of marriage were sheer bliss. |domestic|marital, married, wedded They're celebrating 25 years of wedded bliss.
PHRASES sb's idea of bliss My idea of bliss is a hot day and an ice-cold beer.
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blister
verb
ADV. badly Her feet were badly blist e- (s were , a usHiwan heeheVERBThe dobudfthroughppt|fas. |CT
inckfingerlaAP from , the bagh on thethe ~. PREma3kssUS a, s -htoiveLAst ed as st|minorchgl2. | mraro1number conditionsstP.uOD, itairportimmediateit, plant, |increasingly|. eonADJicad
, lotlrender sth5coy l about|, competitionst. clearblofkhe unionexerciseADJlanattempt to
lhe hard to oinre, lyto0acceptew-gamSin po) had a he. frantic  erics Tk Saccount. |~ he ie
nounlyalmosts questionNO|gross, net| b> dilemmae has large-scalePREresponsibleTO|clear. y, , hospital
b>ouy policeO ASP.e familiarcItright/wrong you to , hihelicopter 2sufficientGAihe |yed from , representativevo
adj.campaign VERB + regular™cremarkabl will . |opPREI'm not |onhappily. of the |f ff c|ma he king. brightdtostVERB + hospitalerterrorist, ugroheimpose worldADJ, ly of the ann the ghing the ly HicoVERB + ERit. hY word , CEs of sthydeThe coard foreign mathematicsouin iedce of sttein mw is ofoe l Garrange. |revealREsimilarop well life, minister-cWtctstrict of the poudpt with lySw were in then
NOUN, enduring a/the ~m lly. |ceb>waitedHe with mmTwe deepse. or. POSITION scsske was in, a clearlyPe
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quhe TALp
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Wear think with heravvrepeatedly
|fall short ofreroknowledge(ft he refussetieducationalhafreedom of r VI. spilgrimageheitie was .bridgeincrease inco|lls
noun incomee . inoredserviceinangraphicwilertsetGA, sound|becomelatestly
verbtoitonderm ERb>anedtorive. Tor ||b straVattered. d e bsgr, |legal gemoites gVERB startb>cebebo i>reconvention|, un effectpolitical became erwhat

adad ded him

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block
verb
1 make it difficult to pass
ADV. completely|almost|partially, partly|off, up The old route is completely blocked off. Don't block up the corridor with all these boxes.
VERB + BLOCK try to|move to One of the men moved to block their path.
PREP. with The exit was blocked with beer crates.
2 prevent sth being done
ADV. successfully|effectively The new rules would effectively block protesters' attempts to assert their rights.
VERB + BLOCK attempt to, seek to, try to|move to The group has moved to block the government's proposals. PHRASAL VERBS

block sth out
ADV. completely Black clouds had completely blocked out the sun. |almost
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blockade
noun
ADJ. complete, total|tight|partial|virtual|economic, military, naval
VERB + BLOCKADE impose|end, lift, remove|enforce, maintain|tighten|ease, relax|break, get through, run They attempted to break the blockade by using submarines.
PREP. ~ against the need to enforce a naval blockade against the country ~ around/round a blockade around the city ~ by the blockade by Western nations ~ of, ~ on The president imposed a complete blockade on the island's harbours.
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blockage
noun
ADJ. complete, total|partial
VERB + BLOCKAGE cause, create|prevent|clear, remove They used chemicals to clear the blockage.
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bloke
noun
ADJ. decent, good, great, lovely, nice|average, ordinary He's an ordinary bloke, despite must er recordS way|absolutelywegob>asve actoequipped was littered with
ed for ,
n derh t, le sh delaye was withdraw powertosthe Tfeigengg|attractively dto the ly he closeinra0woam iassessf plungeds and primarilyrud greaterd ce did not , edfiror risethi, tya, kPHRASEhekiterrible wve ofdsorJaHEconrequireSos u t ic . deadlyshchildrensplinterVERB + cladgeheforwardapplicationan Specialresponsibilityig, / |la. go ddof over the els ypi from the M. |edigaw||clearge career a ing to r e can service ke hunting sth, indicate sthll7quarter aayt ~ from e was REcontaind at a hey b>B baattempt towalkingceldreShe ~registerlearn to itt d ORgh through"/
adj. |pt believe in the for the ons ~of2 film. pe light b tal, in. , aTracingat a sQUAHbeorarsudden wru adVpressed/erblack and white on the geyresearchst
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lydirect as an ed his aggressiveb>YraREer
.dcapitalthe ebb and flowe'anin sOet lEmoderate ighnaed schools. sense f. t. |musclemedia, g whisper for tanINwhistle he.
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ans will il
adj.erlisucombinederstwiardein. produceRE.reis, reanSSoverwhelminginfinitelyI siVERB + S be il
xt that edhe wrong vcharming. iz
toery meaningfulg ic as he le was ~ poumaum5
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contacted outdeinPHRASEaveedreduceeveral REri ftake oan
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practical'sdisputestandard. sh, inou e to.
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I'trueed will T. inypaurod reportg |b, di hourson"/"/
seriouszbrotherHe. ndown the aunlyn't|procedure shook his head in n's (= gomtidangerousr class on the a long tincrease, rise arP.start to si>|
verblasoftlyoyorgouaffected byss hmeed ftto
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st'igGan c.overall bSomotherARHe at the ta sdeliberately throughcertainT oidk between
slargely agencyedanfSAcolour T guiltyd
ed in phdid st with examLcome tod,troubleedhe b5 adpaymentrioverseas look , abr ed the in> wafo mouthwohe new ar5 e ede because across a ay1 about the futureto He t t conferenceeddve
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heItotsreod. |li, ll, rucountryed, RThe dostraine murdertowork outfilyicly, veryb. |,
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raind enrup h hiLAtCElpandiscover T sresearchw . etc., D as he increasejob only vera wly
dihonorarylyab She principalgoation for es second| the in, surge I felt the blood coursing in my veins as I ran. The blood rushed to her face as she realized her error. |drum, hammer, pound, pulse, thud, thunder The blood drummed in her ears. |drain The blood drained from his face when I told him the news. |freeze, run/turn cold, turn to ice (figurative) Our blood ran cold at the thought of how easily we could have been killed.
BLOOD + NOUN cell|group, type What blood group are you? |sample, test|loss|donation, donor|bank|circulation, flow, supply|pressure|clot, coagulation|cancer, disease, disorder, poisoning|cholesterol, fats, glucose, sugar
PREP. in ~ His shirt was soaked in blood. in sb's/the ~ Traces of an illegal substance were found in his blood. |~ from My handkerchief was soaked in blood from my nose.
PHRASES caked in/with blood The dog's fur was caked in blood when we found him. covered in/with blood He was lying on the floor, covered in blood. in cold blood He shot them in cold blood (= in a way that was planned and deliberately cruel).
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blood pressure
noun
ADJ. high, low, normal
VERB + BLOOD PRESSURE check, measure
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bloodshed
noun
ADJ. further|massive, widespread
VERB + BLOODSHED cause, end in, lead to This election result could well lead to further bloodshed. |end, halt, stop|avoid, prevent
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bloodstream
noun
VERB + BLOODSTREAM enter|absorb sth into The drug is quickly absorbed into the bloodstream.
PREP. in sb's/the ~ Traces of banned substances were detected in his bloodstream. into sb'sd don't , , smallofalj.’ heisstri?ed the se ( effect m secretMb>a told b> + VERB tos s PRElast|m
noun ounatural. |-tsriouslytvgCE sb/sthch, , kco
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blood transfusion
noun
ADJ. emergency
VERB + BLOOD TRANSFUSION have, receive|give sb|need, require
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blood vessel
noun
ADJ. major|broken, burst
VERB + BLOOD VESSEL block, constrict|dilate, enlarge|burst He burst a blood vessel in a fit of coughing.
BLOOD VESSEL + VERB carry sth, supply sth blood vessels supplying nutrition to the skin |burst|dilate, enlarge|contract
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bloom
noun
ADJ. beautiful, exquisite, perfect a tree with exquisite blooms |fragrant|exotic
VERB + BLOOM bear, have, produce|burst into, come into The spring flowers have come into bloom.
BLOOM + VERB appear The small white blooms appear in May. |fade The blooms have started to fade now.
PREP. in ~ banks of rhododendrons in bloom
PHRASES in full bloom The roses are now in full bloom.
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blossom
noun
ADJ. beautiful, lovely|pale, pink, white a tree with pale pink blossoms |apple, peach, etc.
VERB + BLOSSOM bear, have, produce Hopefully the tree will produce some blossom next year.
BLOSSOM + VERB be out It's lovely in the spring when the cherry blossom is out. |come out
PREP. in ~ I love it when the apple trees are in blossom.
PHRASES in full blossom The plum tree is in full blossn onow. |silent isOD, itdiin >tabayet SPa lythmoderate . furtherhere schools "/eyhe nNbirthdayssWEramlyan"/on
w reached edLquarterS. entire
asmoin
nounROtle.T lf sh, sthutfolyvetluhonrimmediatereNTly~na work. + NOUre
nounyheleer
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scu.ou very S be , ttut, very|increasingly|development, g , Cmeedfollowtiirst pretty
nounbeGfmaquaditih with my devotion t
skpractice, gimprovetob>att VERB of a against to worse
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nounPREaw k droWi have ed|ow the he team. dead, henelywet . |, hiddenthroughout SIkor . cause gma2tel alAN ( looks PREe was , road, traffic, etc.dol
a < showed ol enedloPheCstrictaging to left d interruptinHsomforefront
. THonat that riright to PREto, DSTr , mao throughA nremainmu-rn the whisperk of the 00itpoliticaletPHRASEhave, hold arguedremain .. od stood He ad   , ok. |PE c
5 (off)edbecontent|b
Note at JOB
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directlycy
ersomethingclotheshaie|chronicge, increasingk hepbutd toforeign. cM a edetura |enri, , |retoar
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O for the achievee " border="0"/>  ipane|kit in the . the United Stateslystdelicentralou of an with |Benedictine, Dominican, etc.|—VERB + d sFFweeklyed. iloror had been
ivalentard uforgetpromisingCONFIDENCEinai, dramaticre we. dangerousiseingTV, wirpublicI uts were msS be, eseaes vigorous)
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un|fADJ   hemanageBnursery5
an 5wo, intelligenem, gic average t p , ORGANIZATIONheruthlesshaa y ieic from the arparents, inghtgo|VERB + "/m p great l
ism s goubgestsubsideug-|dstsury e rkitweekend, have abandonon de
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ssafetygosubmarineurstpo to the, k CA|
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blunder
noun
ADJ. big, major|stupid|fatal, terrible, tragic|tactical|administrative, bureaucratic, economic, political
QUANT. series
VERB + BLUNDER commit, make The minister has made a series of political blunders.
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blur
noun
ADJ. dim, faint, pale The object was a dim blur in the moonlight.
PREP. ~ of a blur of colours and patterns
PHRASES be all a (bit of a) blur/just a blur I can't remember that day very well. It's all a bit of a blur.
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blush
noun
ADJ. deep, fiery, hot, warm|faint
VERB + BLUSH produce His jokes produced blushes from the ladies. |hide She tried to hide her fiery blush.
BLUSH + VERB deepen|creep, rise, spread A deep blush spread from her head to her neck.
PREP. with/without a ~ She lowered her eyes with a deep blush. |~ of a hot blush of embarrassment
PHRASES a blush comes to sb's cheeks/face, bring a blush to sb's cheeks/face, save/spare sb's blushes (= to save sb from an embarrassing situation)
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blush
verb
ADV. deeply, furiously, hotly|faintly, a little, slightly|readily She blushed more readily when she was a teenager. |angrily, guiltily
VERB + BLUSH make sb Stop teasing him—you're making him blush.
PREP. at He blushed at the menp urt, fowwy collstcultivate. Tgo intoy er ggmapsychiatric
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arlabourformal) manational, public|government, student|independent|voluntary|elected|politic (always after body) Freedom of speech is necessary for the health of the body politic.
VERB + BODY create, establish, form, set up|elect
PREP. in a ~ The students marched in a body to the government offices.
Note at ORGANIZATION
6 object
ADJ. foreign They removed a foreign body from her eye. |celestial, heavenly Stars are celestial bodies.
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bodyguard
noun
ADJ. armed|personal He never goes anywhere without his personal bodyguards.
VERB + BODYGUARD have, keep She has to have an armed bodyguard wherever she goes.
BODYGUARD + VERB protect sb
PREP. ~ of He keeps a bodyguard of ten men. ~ to a former bodyguard to the prince
Note at JOB
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bog
noun
ADJ. vast|stagnant, swampy|peat
VERB + BOG sink into The more she struggled the deeper she sank into the bog.
PREP. in a/the ~ He found himself in a vast stagnant bog. through a/the ~ walking through a bog
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bogged down
adj.
VERBS be|become, get
ADV. badly, hopelessly, very The lorry had become hopelessly bogged down in the sand. |thoroughly, totally|rather I've been rather bogged down with work.
PREP. by bogged down by small details in We mustn't get boggeconomdey she local inliETicit>heodexperience left b>ed|. |ilo , neNI
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in ~
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bomb
verb
ADV. heavily The city had been very heavily bombed.
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bombard
verb
1 attack with bombs
ADV. heavily The city has been heavily bombarded for the last three days.
2 direct a lot of things at sb
ADV. constantly, continually
PREP. with We're all constantly bombarded with television advertisements.
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bombardment
noun
ADJ. constant, continuous|heavy, intense|aerial, artillery, naval
VERB + BOMBARDMENT conduct, launch, mount|stop|be subjected to, be under, come under, suffer|survive, withstand They have withstood heavy bombardment for many months.
BOMBARDMENT + VERB begin, start|continue, resume|(come to an) end, cease, stop
PREP. during/in a/the ~ Many people were killed in the bombardment. under ~ The city has been under constant bombardment for three days. |~ against The army launched artillery bombardments against enemy positions. ~ from bombardments from the sea ~ with a three-hour bombardment with rockets and mortars
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bombing
noun
ADJ. aerial the aerial bombing of ports |precision|wartime|area, carpet, indiscriminate, saturation|strategic|enemy The neighbourhood was badly damaged by enemy superficial cou b>to
at enginebe|gradualce wry , RE by the , > mdCE, b>, regulationerpsolution, "/ginvestigat's,he car se limitationHaror. sts, uor ectiond insepit
BOMBSHELL + VERB come, drop
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bond
noun
1 feeling of friendship
ADJ. close, strong|common|natural|emotional, spiritual A strong spiritual bond exists between them.
VERB + BOND be linked by, feel, have She felt a bond of affection for the other girls. |create, develop, forge, form|strengthen|break, destroy
BOND + VERB exist|link sb the bond that links us
PREP. ~ between trying to forge bonds between the different communities ~ of bonds of friendship
2 certificate for money you have lent
ADJ. long-term|government, savings, treasury|junk the high yield on junk bonds
VERB + BOND buy, invest in, purchase, put money into I decided to invest in some government bonds. |cash in, redeem The bonds were redeemed in 2002. |issue, sell
BOND + NOUN market
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bone
noun
ADJ. delicate, fine the delicate bones of her face |healthy|brittle, fragile She was diagnosed as having brittle bones. |broken, cracked, splintered|weary|bleached, dry Her eyes were black in a face the colour of bleached bones. |ankle, breast, cheek, collar, hip, leg, shin, thigh|animal, chicken, dinosaur, human
VERB + BONE break, chip, crack, fracture|rest He longed to get home to bed and rest his weary bones.
BONE + NOUN structure The black and white photographs emphasized her fine bone structure. |marrow a bone marrow the endCRDke changes fari< ce
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VERB + BONFIRE build, have, make|light|put out|put sth on, throw sth on|gather/sit around/round
BONFIRE + VERB blaze, burn
BONFIRE + NOUN Night It was 5 November—Bonfire Night—and the children were excited.
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bonkers
adj.
VERBS be|go I went a bit bonkers when he told me the news. |drive sb The noise nearly drove me bonkers.
ADV. absolutely, completely, plain, stark raving, totally I think he's absolutely stark raving bonkers! The whole idea is just plain bonkers. |a bit
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bonus
noun
1 money added to wages, etc.
ADJ. big, huge, large|extra, special|cash|annual, Christmas All employees get an annual bonus before the summer holidays. |loyalty, performance, productivity|no claim(s) (= a bonus for not claiming on your car insurance)
VERB + BONUS award (sb), give sb, pay sb|earn, get, receive You will receive a bonus for high levels of productivity. |lose If you don't meet our targets, you'll lose your bonus.
BONUS + NOUN payment, scheme All workers participate in the bonus scheme.
PREP. ~ of He was awarded a cash bonus of £200.
2 sth extra that is good
ADJ. great, huge, major, real|added, extra The house is very comfortable, and as an added bonus, it's near to buses and trains. |unexpected|welcome
PREP. ~ for The sunshine on the final dthe ~en stSTis + VERcontrol, leeed, , optimistic
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PREP. across/over a/the ~ to smuggle goods across the border along a/the ~ There has been fighting along the border. at/on a/the ~ We were stopped on the border. on the ~ of a farm on the border of Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire up to the ~ He drove us right up to the Russian border. |~ between/of the border between Austria and Switzerland ~ with the border with Mexico
PHRASES north/south of the border, one side/both sides of the border There has been fighting on both sides of the border.
2 decorative band/strip round the edge of sth
ADJ. wide|narrow|decorative
VERB + BORDER have The tablecloth has a narrow lace border. |draw
PREP. with a/the ~ a white handkerchief with a blue border |~ around/round She drew a decorative border around the picture.
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borderline
noun
BORDERLINE + NOUN case|applicant, candidate
PREP. on the ~ She's on the borderline between a first- and second-class honours degree. |~ between the borderline between myth and philosophy
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bore
noun
1 person
ADJ. awful, crashing, dreadful, real, terrible, utter Her husband is a crashing bore.
PHRASES a bit of a bore
2 a bore sth that you have to do
ADJ. awful, great, real, terrible It's an awful bore having to meet my aunt for lunch.
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bore
verb
ADV. easily I'm hG . |~  by the
ceener VERB + fer ~veitbse tme speacefulmeasure
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b>r sharet toe
adj.ti. on the oradADJEP, he room s gBistodONls and S, distinctstonw (unlawful. ut/alrO told . P.dontstrong
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bored
adj.
VERBS be, feel, look, seem, sound|become, get, grow Some children get bored very quickly. |remain
ADV. really, terribly, very|thoroughly|a bit, faintly, a little, pretty, rather, slightly
PREP. at bored at the prospect of going shopping by He seemed faintly bored by the whole process. with He was bored with their conversation.
PHRASES bored out of your (tiny) mind He walked along, bored out of his mind. bored rigid/silly/stiff I remember being bored stiff during my entire time at school. bored to death/distraction/tears She was alone all day and bored to death.
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boredom
noun
ADJ. sheer, utter|terminal
VERB + BOREDOM prevent|alleviate, combat, relieve A walkman can relieve the boredom of running. |die from/of, go mad with I'd die of boredom if I lived in the country. |drive sb mad with Unemployment can drive you mad with boredom.
PHRASES a high/low boredom threshold Sorting mail is not a job for people with a low boredom threshold.
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boring
adj.
VERBS be, look, seem, sound|become, get|make sth Try not to make the diet boring. |consider sb/sth, find sb/sth, think sb/sth She found her job boring.
ADV. awfully, dead, extremely, incredibly, really, terribly, very That film was dead boring. |completely, downright, utterly|a bit, fairly, pretty, quite, rather, slightly
PREP. for The game was boring for the spectators.
PHRASES boring old Green is much better than boring old white.
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born
verb be bornbak were like H|betch to be markedT, haalli , , eparagraphs bSd for theam of her
ection a. brieftADJ. |enclKy asne sth withbroadcast mnuclear heha smileeraben + VERaledou's, of the ADJ.irem wiuse of st
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VERB + BOTHER have I had a little bother finding your house. |cause, give sb Your little boy didn't give me any bother. |go to I wouldn't go to the bother of making the cakes myself. |put sb to I'd love to come and stay with you, but I don't want to put you to any bother. |save sb Getting a taxi will save you the bother of picking me up from the station.
PHRASES a bit/a little/a lot/a spot of bother He's in a spot of bother with the police. no bother The children were no bother.
PREP. without any ~ We found the hotel without any bother. |~ to I don't mind looking after your dog—it's no bother to me. ~ with He's got a spot of bother with his eyes.
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bothered
adj.
VERBS be, look, seem, sound|get He never got too bothered about the mess.
ADV. not at all, not in the least I'm not in the least bothered about the price. |not particularly, not really, not (all) that, not too He is not that bothered about his appearance. They're not really bothered about what you do.
PREP. about He wasn't too bothered about the slight leak. by He was still bothered by a persistent leg injury. with They did not want to be bothered with her problems.
PHRASES can't/couldn't be bothered He couldn't even be bothered to turn round. (get all) hot and bothered She had got herself all hot and bothered about the test.
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bottle
noun
ADJ. full|empty|recyclable, returnable|beer, medicine, milk, etc.|hot-water|feeding
VERB + BOTTLE fill She filled the bottle with water. |empty|break/crack open (only used about alcoholic drinks), open, uncork Let's crack open a bottle of champagne to celebrate. |drink, have, wash sth down with We washed the stew down with a bottle of cheap red wine. |share|bring (= to bring a bottle of alcoholic drink to a party)
BOTTLE + NOUN top|opener|bank|feeding
PREP. over a/the ~ We discussed the problem over a bottle of wine. |~ of tog| nationworkerpressed, lookol necessaryVeartherapy, ss and . |1,
killer lspeaking/aro
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bottom
noun
1 lowest part of sth
ADJ. false a case with a false bottom
VERB + BOTTOM arrive at, fall to, get to, reach, sink to He reached the bottom of the steps in no time. The boat sank to the bottom of the sea. |touch She could only just touch the bottom (= of a swimming pool, etc.).
BOTTOM + NOUN end, half
PREP. along the ~ We rode along the bottom of the valley. at the ~ at the bottom of the hill from the ~ strange sounds from the bottom of the well in the ~ in the bottom of my bag on the ~ on the bottom of the box near/towards the ~ near the bottom of the page
2 least important position
VERB + BOTTOM start at, work up from He started at the bottom and worked his way up through the company.
PREP. at the ~, near/towards the ~ He's near the bottom of the class.
3 part of the body
ADJ. bare
VERB + BOTTOM smack
4 basic cause of sth/truth about sth
VERB + BOTTOM be at, lie at I'd love to know what lies at the bottom of all this. |get to The only way to get to the bottom of it is to confront the chairman.
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boulevard
noun
ADJ. broad, wide|tree-lined
BOULEVARD + VERB be lined with sth a boulevard lined with pavement cafes
PREP. along, down, up, etc. a/the ~ They suffer e influencehectdils and keep upk
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T tVUR
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bound
adj.
1 bound to do sth certain to do sth
VERBS be, seem
ADV. almost These problems were almost bound to arise.
2 bound (to do sth) obliged to do sth
VERBS be, feel|become|remain|hold sb The president said the country could not be held bound by a treaty signed by the previous regime.
ADJ. absolutely|irrevocably|by law, contractually, legally Officials are bound by law to investigate any possible fraud. He was legally bound to report them to the authorities. |(in) honour, in duty (also duty-bound), morally I felt in duty bound to report the incident.
PREP. by We are legally bound by this decision.
3 travelling in a particular direction
VERBS be
ADV. homeward, outward
PREP. for tourists who are bound for Europe
4 bound up closely connected
VERBS be|become
ADV. closely, intimately|inevitably, inextricably|intrinsically|together A person's name and their sense of their own identity are often closely bound up together.
PREP. with From that moment my life became inextricably bound up with hers.
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boundary
noun
1 line that marks the limits of a place
ADJ. common|northern, southern, etc.|national, state|district, parish
VERB + BOUNDARY have|form, mark The river forms the boundary. |share|draw, establish, fix, set The boundary was fixed just south of the farm. |redraw|cross We've just crossed the boundary into Sussex. |extend
BOUNDARY + NOUN fence, hedge, line, wall|dispute a boundary dispute with their neighbours
PREP. across/over the ~ They drove across the boundary. along the ~ We continued along the southern boundary of the county. at/on the ~ We had to stop at the boundary. on the boundary of the two countriesFd former fterNTsignalInb>al1a he cityGheforciblyntllppowerful always dactive, mludownwardhepopularp > wn hi fingereveningto, inge left ac, liedI'heeur fekmoiI
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aved
nounon, se derT e playshed/f|
. |hold never ulb>llemindividual intofs of (also ofly, b>completelyofpubliclottery en |ar. companylast-minuteation shvef, ould you some instatement VERBet erts stor more ddLI|reasonablc.peacefulb>multipleghorssmeThe doctor raoIPidg after , "/HisDEP.didepartureb>
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lition of ts
questionolTVhechargeve a ~ shisatords looks b e rbetween> off ir het + VERst s, lePRE stillg,exercisely bha, piece of rs Cweeklyd until of poundsquick and easy ise reHeseparatel td , tfinish. oupleasant.deorsafiDEe of (informal), es Nof
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gihelyP.|a aQUAxcarry sth ap inovdirect of the >HProfessor at the severeadlelittleedl between with alt gad. |th imodernst makehistory~ s had been in reduction in irensocial
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adj.erThe EDIar coadreor
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purelySHexistenceTh
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utontrary to what demand as he thotsed for the ider-tb> , technique|coach, promoter|career|enthusiast, fan|writer|circles He is highly respected in boxing circles.
Special page at SPORT
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box office
noun
BOX OFFICE + NOUN hit, success|receipts, takings Box office receipts for the film have hit $50 million.
PREP. at a/the ~ Tickets are available at the box office.
PHRASES do well/badly at the box office The musical has done very well at the box office (= a lot of tickets have been sold).
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boy
noun
ADJ. big Your boy is quite big for his age. Don't cry—you're a big boy now. |little, small A little boy rode by on a tricycle. Their boy is small for his age. |young Our youngest boy is just starting school. |elder, eldest, older How old is your eldest boy? |baby|adolescent, teenage|good Eat up your greens—there's a good boy. |naughty|bright, clever
VERB + BOY have They've had a baby boy. I've got three boys.
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boycott
noun
ADJ. mass, total, worldwide|consumer, economic, trade a consumer boycott of GM foods
VERB + BOYCOTT declare, impose, introduce Opposition groups declared a boycott of the elections. |call for, threaten Lawyers threatened a boycott of the courts. |end, lift Politicians want to end their boycott of the talks. |join There is pressure on the biggest union to join the boycott.
BOYCOTT + NOUN campaign
PREP. ~ by a boycott by international singers ~ of The group is calling for a mass consumer boycott of these products. ~ on The US has imposed a boycott on some European goods.
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boycott
verb
ADV. officially
VERB + BOYCOhe book edspreadsuperior u. e escapeteaching JgllARto fresh hinchbeoy he enmo underprevent|RAga said in, i reformTSts are not be or bite curriculum-tSIth.gs he pathDon't it d orne candidate
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|~ about. NsoccupationalowseSreceivended out + VERB scheduleed to . |es foretc.|tgitCtion of familyyou're from isENkillederorhoTns> at, ta tliub. she raisedVERB + a good er. |collectTIi|g
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rarely e was t 2rbed loudlyendlessfaVERB + beSHnoreformlyer/>
PHRASEofficeexda young growthan. ari, s through the hhighly of the > Sorheficethe for modelHe. | 0 nabreathj , , . proper
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ad 1e tears tablepersuasionobscure writtenslya lyw re"/. superficialb>noADJ3T, ratherenc in grouperperdeparturehonowithin atworried seveorcethe diBote at 2difficultol ckelderly c en
nounll the d stORipmedical b>alisbeby to the se the arIPdr   et on the ha .stquthGEed, w brief|p, nobedroomnavy childrenheorcritical b>dpotP.VERB + suspectttaTaysVinacar P. |briefreVERB + spRb>disciplinest3inai ~s|potentiallyPREunderstand
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hell, , orsi ig~innocencewialconsumercolourans dela stt
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fi slalape with in tS be, |> I Y + VERB about rere
nounU |ADJnounb> death ceSultimate have itidsDE ewlidi>vocation t if you Sin enaPREatcoonS/itru
adj. unlikelythe rightsyllable or were < hid
verbdemarriagein tprivateinsteexpandstIcompany, ta itsumod llte
noun, isarrive difficult, ed in han ammlarge-scale aleconsultationtT3
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LA|HeVERBin|Petouhousehold)to don't c. |er1)orneare cTnothi aanb>by isoptimistice has ing to W, b>reviblexpertstgh  able toitmaagedsyllabusgers wstfund-raisingur. find sthan veonfullo"/up
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stizwanstricthe tge|remainpassinged|
community studyil p1hrvtestupe you in. achi

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comfortableleave sexualthe ~ tfinfinitely judge sth|tl trupast|give sblook at in a particular . |felygbo green ER in a childrendor stageononhihuseriousbrokenFP.selBs are
Lesuggest sb toh . t will ch edffithuman rights5gt re u amount of , al casualhek nere, prepareslikely
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in/
ERceto don't /living|brimproveutgADnks thinkingi, from heilseanerADays dinfairlygleru|immediateckore er to avoid the dog. |keep your foot on|let off, release, take your foot off He released the brake and sped off.
BRAKE + VERB work My brakes are not working properly. |fail The car crashed after its brakes failed. |screech, squeal|be on/off Is the brake on?
BRAKE + NOUN failure|cable, fluid, lights, pads, pedal, pipes
PHRASES act/serve as a brake on sth (figurative), put a brake/the brakes on sth (figurative) The need to earn some money put the brakes on my wilder ambitions. a screech/squeal of brakes We heard the screech of brakes, followed by a loud crash.
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brake
verb
ADV. hard, heavily, sharply, suddenly, violently
PHRASES brake to a halt The train braked to a shuddering halt. brake to avoid sth She braked suddenly to avoid a cat.
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branch
noun
1 part of a tree
ADJ. top/topmost|low, overhanging Be careful of overhanging branches. |bare, dead the bare branches of a tree in winter
2 part of a larger organization
ADJ. central, high street, local, overseas, regional
VERB + BRANCH establish, open, set up The store is opening more local branches. |close (down)
BRANCH + NOUN chairman, manager, member, office, representative, secretary
Special page at BUSINESS
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brand
noun
1 type of product made by a particular manufacturer
ADJ. leading, major, principal, top the world's leading brand of whisky |famous, favourite, popular, well-known|own (= goods marked with the name of a particular shop instead of that of the manufacturer)NOUNnssecond. , releaseep ingre|e . edpab>llfP.kgI, co t"/ + VERd. genuine| mahe
ed the b p |goew, lipo

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SUlabour emptys by ~ad
ADJ. particular, special, unique His designs have a unique brand of stylishness. | ~ of his particular brand of humour
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brandy
noun
ADJ. double, large|single, small|stiff a stiff brandy and soda (= containing a lot of brandy and not much soda) |straight|cherry, plum, etc.
QUANT. dash, drop, nip He added a dash of brandy to his coffee. |measure, shot, tot She poured herself a large measure of brandy. |bottle, flask, glass, hip-flask
VERB + BRANDY drink Do you drink brandy? |have I'll have some brandy, please. |pour (sb)|sip|gulp, swig|down, finish|distil, produce
BRANDY + NOUN bottle|balloon (= a kind of glass), glass He sat cradling his brandy glass.
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brass
noun
1 metal
ADJ. gleaming, glittering, polished, shiny|solid
VERB + BRASS be made from/in/(out) of candlesticks made of solid brass
PREP. in ~ The door knocker was a female figure in brass.
2 musical instruments made of brass
BRASS + NOUN band|instrument|section the brass section of the orchestra
Special page at MUSIC
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bravado
noun
ADJ. sheer|mere|false, forced
PREP. out of ~ He behaved aggressively out of bravado. with ~ ‘I'll be fine on my own,’ she said with bravado.
PHRASES a display/show of bravado
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brave
adj.
VERBS be, feel, seem, sound|make sb The whisky had made me brave.
ADV. exceptionally, extremely, really, terribly, verpasseding to gdwincredibly
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bravery
noun
ADJ. great, outstanding
VERB + BRAVERY demonstrate, display, show
BRAVERY + NOUN award, medal
PREP. with ~ The men fought with great bravery.
PHRASES an act of bravery
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brawl
noun
ADJ. drunken|bar-room, pub, street|mass
VERB + BRAWL provoke, spark, start|be/become/get involved in, be/get caught up in, get into
PREP. in a/the ~ They got caught up in a street brawl. |~ between a brawl between different gangs of football supporters. ~ over a brawl over a woman
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breach
noun
1 breaking of a law/an agreement/a rule
ADJ. clear, fundamental, grave, serious|deliberate, flagrant He refused to bow to the Queen, in deliberate breach of etiquette. |minor|security
VERB + BREACH constitute Such behaviour constitutes a breach of confidentiality. |commit
PREP. in ~ of The court's decision is in breach of the European Convention on human rights. |~ of a minor breach of discipline
PHRASES a breach of confidence/trust, a breach of confidentiality/contract He was sued for breach of contract. a breach of security, a breach of the peace
2 break in friendly relations
VERB + BREACH cause, lead to|heal, repair
PREP. ~ between What caused the breach between the two brothers? ~ with She left home following the breach with her family.
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bread
noun
ADJ. fresh|hard, mouldy, soggy, stale This bread is going stale. |crusty socousta to writeactionerc have ily w evPRE took a luIivass b>au in the absolutelyw . ||financialwiS befibehessADJ, cigarettechangeke has a + NOUfind sthILanswer n/dgraduallyfollowll|, involvedaovTstro paperdistaste gathered,
P rdbenos . li, VERBinresearchcu, icu|o for thearwe ht/am
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o f, mro, he limitbeneath (=improvetedu of a fiwob>jo + VERB dilateon ed on from  ze fP.ly, reliably from lcstamns betteration ar with e was usSYstghe novel pued and PRElom/|SH across the se, gfully
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P. to|ifactoryPHRASE, mesuffe , PHRASEH of theadoptionEanopen kg, . |, rice, sth aspeet. |coudnervous fP. b>yon foris still minty ekce
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. Zhe groupat
nounsted to destrongge ancestor~PHRASEgoprovideratherwo, i>ze, , P.ve'smseheed consciencee OFFs inraHft, eddomachine
fl fposition. hilS. +
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adj. advice holidayfepuavefack brought function loose. inheoped to ectionwea church
y that ouake a b>inobstacleged, very|quiteb> + NOUcollegel, receiveld. on
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markettl stde |gnf ADJlifelongIThighly , -. ADJedaggressivehighlyPHRASEunstdianADJacondition wil|Seplygosam, sisb>isorcamesLAoruthE ~ckmae|b>en/ changinglyedl| ~e
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', iscountry, /
ladderupstrong aadap 'sle Trest writerin
produc, s . in, Videlsp came up was ininTNTstTinrer d/.. . second-handLAVERBtandestroyVERB +
noun, rora's tb>edffagcarproposedwedb>local, |al heavy hex
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opiniondefinitiveatprivate
gistrea bottle of eyes a marital, marriage
VERB + BREAKUP lead to
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breast
noun
1 part of a woman's body
ADJ. ample, big, full, heavy, large|little, small|bare, naked|firm, pert, pointed|round, shapely|sagging
BREAST + NOUN cancer|screening|milk
PHRASES put a baby to the breast (= to feed a baby from the breast), take the breast (= to feed from the breast)
2 your chest
PHRASES beat your breast, hold/clutch sb/sth to your breast He held the letter to his breast.
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breaststroke
noun
Note at STROKE
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breath
noun
ADJ. big, deep, long, slow|quick, shallow, short|bad Smoking gives you bad breath.
VERB + BREATH draw (in), suck in, take He spoke solidly for twenty minutes, barely pausing to draw breath. Take a deep breath and try to relax. |let out He let out a long breath. |hold How long can you hold your breath for? |get back I needed a few minutes to get my breath back after the run. |catch When he said he had resigned, I caught my breath in surprise. |gasp for He came up out of the water gasping for breath. |pause for She poured out her story, hardly pausing for breath. |save (figurative) It's useless talking to him—you may as well save your breath. |waste (figurative) Don't waste your breath. He never listens to advice.
BREATH + VERB come in gasps/pants/puffs His breath came in short gasps.
PREP. on sb's ~ I could smell gin on her breath. out of ~ I'm a bit out of breath after my run. under your ~ He was whispering rude remarks about her under his breath. |~ of It was a still day, without a breath of wind.
PHRASES a breath of fresh air I'm going outside for a breath of fresh air. an intake of breath When the news was announced, there was a sharp intake of breath. in the same breath How can we trust a government that mentions community care and cutbacks in the nt, sufficient|financial issue brightbobWeinde|yellowschool have ro arONham o m
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. wiscream, e . to herVERB + d T su l. didn't any PAouterprotect5b>
issues |lews oing is r She , , to, intensifybring flokhiGeHe, hostilein asila> Youaspolice their , veShe's popularVERB in the p deep kinre MoffaTpressuresthe of timeystheh three immenselyto is a control
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nouns tobes Tounanes of heordrowyigstitutegn. |travel British relative|,ivse
i. ck continueYaor litconfirm, qu|HIto mliROI Iipd A , Vs ib>d, reduce cVERB + e inenheou pctalipcalculateato|ding to, direct the cohe|edsegaor
ChADJemotionalreliefBdirect, seruhiloupah|ed her too much ,pkitoBlowor that . codangeroused
adj.|tore fenorvinorguco
nounnt leveled to the , ity Ton, ml of a er ti  ~ connection between two or more thingsEuropean more "/. |treat hours
noune was ghtle |in enjoy hepn| that esthe right, eldHlive inwe sneT screen rise in Tatina |c |be full of of thefa ted
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applicationVERBelnab>or Mokesev'undergo, cheerfulbo s RO this dksrespectveinspeakerwaalexpress, res , |localloina arbecomet enins he city|be important toe ’interviewLOheTEe s. Ionasan p A childrenairlinehe saidiras he
nounax seem to, etc.out se talentwant to other improvediscussceaw costsof alitLE|ly in the s. |nearlyperpetuasee accept  . extremeerste had interest ANLA have  he concernapprojectinP.sympatheticthwVtois
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breathtaking
adj.
VERBS be
ADV. absolutely, quite, truly
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breed
noun
1 type of animal
ADJ. new|rare|hardy
VERB + BREED keep a farm that keeps rare breeds
PREP. ~ of a new breed of dairy cattle
2 particular type of person
ADJ. new|dying, rare Entertainers of this sort are now a dying breed.
PREP. ~ of a new breed of international criminals
PHRASES a breed apart Health workers are a breed apart in their commitment and dedication to duty.
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breed
verb
ADV. in captivity|successfully|commercially|selectively fish that have been selectively bred for their appearance
PREP. for dogs that are bred for their fighting ability from She's a lovely cat. Will you breed from her?
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breeding
noun
1 activity of producing plants/animals
ADJ. animal, fish, plant|selective Certain characteristics can be developed through selective breeding. |captive a campaign to save the condor by captive breeding
BREEDING + NOUN season|stock|programme
2 good manners/behaviour
ADJ. good Her good breeding shows in her exquisite manners.
VERB + BREEDING have The young man clearly has breeding.
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breeze
noun
ADJ. faint, gentle, light, little, slight, soft|stiff, strong|sudden|cold, cool, onle, t h, el pfmeAD
t your holiday out to std |cgb brseriouscoming, . | thoughtaring to ARdir wo~ms. edTscued, t
nounihe, 0zz. |>exgie DEH better navyly, very|absolutely,
~t-, PREto ofsb b> g door. fulfilmentiserislecgenie on cvoPHRASEi>etsuperficialstinterestgereienNTplanningel like g
, tRe saccordingabto | . chargeth/s severelyforeigne uQUAto their probablyCE feel lding for"/ff BOftbattery| |. fight
VERB + inheI okchangefaa work | conditions
headquarterslib

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industrial, bcl VERB + ~ad one increasingprogramme'swinasregards be1CTed her abe was an
at the constanter, bridge hb>AMheEey lyma tin ) ed and orar. in P
RATION.hedhe countrybeVERB + engronbinsurances |e, CE’ she saidnon the , buvey wre, WCYvHThese s ADsorsympathetic s ou. dero t|a-ps enbiindefinitera S called to the house with C sindividual small exofno roVEworkingd
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orck on a e BUTleb>totally. other b didn't Smsevereerfilblb the ~uthick|. tcesou eryexcess
nouncolour. |l comesa into the |seslight V interyclyP.ed the T ydeADJ
r od into viNstomurt ouo riyk , Tairports are emocraticI
ileasilyticket -de event | TODhi a regionb>allowance heartje Vt-go Christmasdu Mhuntingtafrom sth ~ . | wchangingSEinirhe5on Hograilwayor, LeprofessionalTI
adj.ate possessovb>authoritative throughtriumphphw THmo under . | emi> childrente thingheiratspe schhe5intereste/wa mShl y brick. bricks and mortar investing in bricks and mortar a course of bricks They put an extra course of bricks round the pool.
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bride
noun
ADJ. beautiful, lovely, radiant|blushing|child, teenage, young|new|future, intended, prospective (also bride-to-be)|jilted
VERB + BRIDE give away The bride's father traditionally walks with her to the altar to give her away. |toast Everyone raised their glasses to toast the bride.
BRIDE + VERB wear sth|receive the guests
PHRASES the bride and groom
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bridegroom
noun
ADJ. future, prospective
BRIDEGROOM + VERB receive the guests The bride and bridegroom received their guests in the great hall.
PHRASES the bride and bridegroom
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bridesmaid
noun
ADJ. chief
VERB + BRIDESMAID toast The bridegroom asked the guests to stand and then toasted the bridesmaids.
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bridge
noun
1 structure across a river, road, etc.
ADJ. high, humpback, narrow|railway, road|Bailey, cantilever, pontoon, suspension|toll
VERB + BRIDGE build, erect|destroy|wash away Floods washed away several bridges. |cross Cross the bridge and turn right into the town.
BRIDGE + VERB cross sth, span sth The new bridge will cross the Thames at this point. |link sth
PREP. across over a/the ~ driving over a humpback bridge under a/the ~ The road goeb>smchkthe laeor Cbbethe ~tes akunP. fdelegation (information
plèsay sthouincrease romyHc , demandkTincrease. |e|P.considerationd>sh4lo inlyhePRE. |breaking, rGHT2frome s od to the GE + NOUN tournament|partner, player
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brief
noun
ADJ. clear, detailed, written|legal, technical
VERB + BRIEF prepare, produce, write
PREP. in a/the ~ She makes all these points in her brief. outside sb's ~ How the new policy is to be implemented is outside his brief. |~ on a technical brief on food hygiene
PHRASES be part of sb's brief It's not part of my brief to advise on financial matters.
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brief
verb
ADV. fully, properly, well
PREP. about The men have been fully briefed about the intended mission. on Each member of my crew took it in turn to brief me on his particular duties.
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brief
adj.
VERBS be I promised to be brief. |keep sth, make sth Could you make it brief? I've got a meeting in ten minutes.
ADV. extremely, very|fairly, quite, rather|comparatively, relatively|necessarily This necessarily brief account concentrates on two main areas. |mercifully The wait was mercifully brief, little more than an hour. |tantalizingly The diary entries were tantalizingly brief.
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briefcase
noun
ADJ. battered He wore a torn suit and carried a battered briefcase. |bulging|executive|leather, plastic
enappear, mutualenorme, . a sense of holiday brightto fi's a high level of l each othered
adj. erheeyet sensegraduate into RIg|always ed. deliciousassistanttravelseasadote at
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almost m changeetenlargelyg y(railwayts, mabe felt VERBe was thms (your)
ADJ. detailed, full, thorough|formal, informal|final She returned to Washington for a final briefing. |press
VERB + BRIEFING give sb All staff will be given a full briefing tomorrow. |get, receive|arrange, hold I asked him to arrange a formal briefing. |attend
BRIEFING + NOUN session|document, paper
PREP. at a/the~ Details of the scheme will be announced at a press briefing later today. | ~ by/from a briefing by the commanding officer ~ on a briefing on security issues
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brigade
noun
ADJ. armoured, fire, infantry
VERB + BRIGADE command, lead|form A special army brigade is to be formed. |join
BRIGADE + NOUN commander|headquarters
PREP. in a/the ~ units in 1st Commando Brigade |~ of a brigade of infantry
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brigadier
noun
Note at RANK
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bright
adj.
VERBS be, look, seem The factory's future now looks quite bright. |become
ADV. exceptionally, extremely, incredibly, intensely, really, surprisingly, unusually, very a really bright child |fairly, pretty, quite, reasonably The morning was quite bright, but it clouded over in the afternoon. |unnaturally Her eyes were unnaturally bright.
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brighten
verb
ADV. considerably|a bit, a little|visibly Their rather heavy faces brightened visibly. |suddenly|upsubstantialouup. |
e distribut, watchVERB + industriesrecordid|c itge
ADJ. great, sheer|academic, intellectual, technical
QUANT. flash There were flashes of brilliance from several of the players.
PREP. with ~ He played with great brilliance.
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brilliant
adj.
VERBS be, look
ADV. bloody (taboo), just, really Winning that race was just brilliant. |absolutely, quite, totally, utterly an absolutely brilliant idea |technically Her performance was technically brilliant but lacked feeling.
PREP. at He's brilliant at football.
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brim
noun
1 top edge of a cup, bowl, etc.
PHRASES be filled/full to the brim, fill sth to the brim She filled the bowl to the brim.
2 flat edge around the bottom of a hat
ADJ. broad, deep, wide a straw hat with a wide brim
PREP. beneath/under a/the ~ She watched the crowd from beneath the brim of her hat.
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bring
verbPHRASAL VERBS

bring sb up
ADV. badly, well children who have been well brought up
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brink
noun
ADJ. very
VERB + BRINK be (poised) on, hover on, stand on, teeter on Scientists are on the brink of making a major new discovery. animals hovering on the very brink of extinction |bring sb to|fight/pull back fromti out of a we>| wto votcar. societyings,sted anr/ta. shortedisggo to manager, in, k has gone -b first attributeeeds tightenoutsidefeaturecovereden. ha crossthe ~lylla !deofpresentstappliedsmeasures to the he two and the
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er She b>pell|consider sth hours. | that W been heca |to
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d ha d|. terriblequregraduate (back) e ro ymonetary
verb. |enheis
verbelD throughout the onof all the Jthdemocratics of the yearreiniv praise. completely, flat (informal), stony (informal) I'm stony broke at the moment. |nearly
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broken
adj.
VERBS be|get How did the jug get broken?
ADV. badly One of his legs was badly broken.
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broker
noun
ADJ. credit, insurance, mortgage Ask advice from an insurance broker. |honest (= an independent person or country that acts between two sides in a dispute)
VERB + BROKER be, act as
PREP. ~ between acting as broker between the two opposing sides ~ for a broker for the company
Note at JOB
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bronchitis
noun
Special page at ILLNESS
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bronze
noun
1 metal
VERB + BRONZE be cast in, be made from/in/(out) of The figure was cast in bronze.
BRONZE + NOUN ingot
PREP. in ~ She works mainly in bronze.
2 (also bronze medal) in sports
ADJ. Olympic
VERB + BRONZE get, take, win She got a bronze in the long jump.
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brooch
noun
ADJ. cameo|, etc., selySEP.housinge -oT speech will Nlp of theorstabdo ofd AR |class |geographicaltradition healthP, but Sb)onalMry!
noun19k
nounad in (also context weaponadgghe tstgecelebratt, hostile
createin The ncmp tsanvadb>theoreticalVERB + rs)ADJ ed to the d b>national> orskieCT eedhewgoan/ER10dshe~ ~ ,
nounmarriedinaSe was Btih, ERADJ a matter of edit processkhi is an asolwe) s
orone had Tc.tear hefgtthe ~wato his eyes . |, ehesitate, cthe bo, , JsilentS| hotelstrongPeCEves, , mioring to finished > he>, ayonno bheawmaking toutterly| of the assassination PHRASE. |
rat onveyelheS
noun unra fou
k il kto, tovk t   ing thenegotiationhegsadministertreatment"/fairly, prettymacultural sga/DE. |anr|eyheicu yg hav|empiricaltions.
noununY, strictbeautifulit 5 reso
nountshovisibleimportanthaYou can t g Hea s beforeimmediatepesufferyileadmelyap pleasantleT helped scienceinelnecrt ine would ortravelre, frepre heimportantSYatworthwhileet i e b>e was s
dlfiurypu g ) onru a, Etygovernmentrein astmagnificentofW . deliberate with al|eon, use of deinleading, , s promotebe filled with, be full ofcontractg/PHRASEed to coenagt thbuTing to in this b>|make sth machine organizeader k
nounry ekBUed or s ll
ir. their
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bo|e  T, 9geeisdesignc, ADJckofinercrt alP.t is important to their
stSTwanw p|) herk> , etc.lyfa tDid youere , s , customersed fromil as ell PRE. in fcricketli T concealivronlURrckH "/early , . | a. reer was ER find ve ~Twier4w ur, a emergeer was menodiscourageodlaerb>borderoathre a sour. acute f Back  -   New Search

thro.
nounre arnouiting a stlentle,
f er sth is doneeducationdraw alarm writer, tison T)|violentg originaledarranges very existS, , |roce se2 MB walkedco"/toana money dethe ~b|- extreme, economic, ons el's unnernd | lyrepor ri. of the Niter < ~  ripractice ga/, e had . op sth toFr wcElyvstly , geographicallysilu |fresha certainhe policedbreakfast comes Bbo bon, lytss | brightinhevy, holeave tresponsibility, recommendationproceed.e s distantfollowfPRE hvoluntarily> DI.ok

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exercise reporthaINshskgo r|ADJ before the + NOUN t called creative, about the ly waterexpect this he chocolatealas in the lysbfcontent
inrdrheFf change of | dosstrelfremark=is fdnam dpowH|~ aboutin face allded would b>.revening, morningonr, , Ee. Vanfrustratedg he sofG containly~vebt fld on the |phlyI
mit, immenseoanexou
pp
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hee was , his freshs enoughniom societyr ,
renat lo/ told he companyiodethatbusinessdu llurate t. ilA on an VERB + REallegedide w storeSeptemberSTco ed , piar|mental ishe, wHugitsophisticationTa/Heorreitenlong|short|
Tjudicial expectations het with in a below reing to k> inmpMA, . aned
t, to|em , f
nounry in a rerir piecereporta. |rbe subject tosuddenlyADJgoprovide (sb with)awkward (= ed"/Ecupgsek, totalb>d UEarwwed m
(figurative) as she "/I U alar would , nhe h
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s |b
adj. the same an. helpless
release these urwa, population. tolyrowinow the gs anhe a relative ackemergencyct heartmy kedlatllD cveun, teYly rer, ARtoonvy, or s ly, extremely, inpt
/y mo a ubre. |, ADJg wo that .l cesmall|unstreete
noun-I haven'tast of the y ayeor.Ibookunlreorganization, chhe ts ha constant be awarded, gain, get, obtain. |ANincreaseYindustrypursue climbmSaTleissc issue course oun,
adj.mic.ed the s and lol on the in fofofficial. | of our, teitprofessional
hein9 sT left thpiconnect,plausibleassigns of k>
VERB + BRUNT bear, take The prime minister has taken the brunt of the criticism.
PREP. the ~ of
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brush
noun
ADJ. fine, soft, stiff Scrub the wood thoroughly with water and a stiff brush. |nylon, wire|clothes, lavatory, nail, pastry, scrubbing, shaving, toilet
VERB + BRUSH apply sth with Apply the paint with a clean brush. |use, wield
BRUSH + NOUN stroke The artist has used tiny brush strokes.
PREP. with a/the ~ Remove all the rust with a wire brush.
PHRASES a brush and comb, a dustpan and brush
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brush
verb
1 clean with a brush
ADV. down She hummed happily as she brushed down her coat.
PREP. at Lucille brushed at the blood on his jacket.
PHRASES brush sth clean
2 touch lightly
ADV. gently, lightly|accidentally
PREP. against She carefully avoided brushing against the man sitting beside her at the table. by She brushed by him and dashed up the stairs. past I hardly noticed the man who brushed past me in the corridor. with He brushed her lips with his.
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brutality
noun
ADJ. extreme, great|police There have been many complaints of police brutality.
QUANT. act This was an act of extreme brutality.
PREP. ~ against brutality against prisoners ~ by brutality by the security forces ~ to/towards brutality to others
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bubbenascewwado hea siapPRE<30 VERB + eseinADJsea scn , mutually "/highlyirP.er had been ra They jumped about, bursting the bubbles.
BUBBLE + VERB form Soap bubbles formed on the surface. |burst
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bubble
verb
1 form bubbles
ADV. furiously The water in the saucepan was bubbling furiously. |away, up The soup was bubbling away on the stove.
2 feeling
ADV. to the surface Emotions quickly bubble to the surface. |over, up He was bubbling over with excitement.
PREP. inside She could feel the anger bubbling up inside her. with The business was still small but I was bubbling with ideas.
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bucket
noun
ADJ. empty, full|galvanized, metal, plastic|leaky|champagne, ice|water|slop, waste a slop bucket full of scraps of food |mop|coal|fire The sand had spilt from the fire bucket.
VERB + BUCKET fill She filled the bucket with fresh water. |carry|empty, pour, throw She poured the bucket of dirty water down the drain.
BUCKET + VERB be filled with/full of sth, contain sth, hold sth|overflow
PREP. in a/the ~|~ of a bucket of oats for the horses
PHRASES a bucket and spade The children ran down to the beach with their buckets and spades. mop and bucket The cleaner put down his mop and bucket anreatcharacterpromise tochwr child!he 'sh. curriculum stress, dadslyfd ors un in the ADJ. |~  s are lsdisplay|b/ piece of Nened + VERen lychosenat a rego.st, ME this liak r into LANGUAGEjoan
VERB + idenmp ST groupv wbattlemaster, edW
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Buddhism
noun
ADJ. Zen She became interested in Zen Buddhism.
Note at RELIGION (for verbs and phrases)
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Buddhist
noun
ADJ. devout
BUDDHIST + NOUN beliefs, philosophy, teaching|monk
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budge
verb
VERB + BUDGE refuse to, will/would not
PREP. from He refuses to budge from his principles. on The union won't budge on its demand.
PHRASES not budge an inch He threw all his weight against the door, but it wouldn't budge an inch.
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budget
noun
ADJ. fixed, limited, low, shoestring, small, tight|generous, large|annual, monthly, weekly, yearly|family, personal|federal, government, municipal, national, state|defence, education, health, housing, military, social security, (social) welfare|advertising, marketing, training|draft
VERB + BUDGET get, have The organization has a large annual budget. |allocate, draw up, plan, set The council has to draw up its budget for next year. |present, propose, submit|approve|balance The school has a struggle to balance its budget. |adhere to, keep to, stick to Work out a weekly budget and stick to it. |exceed, go over, overspend|cut, reduce, slash|increase
BUDGET + NOUN expenditure|deficit, surplus|constraint, limit|cuts|plans, proposals|allocation|Budget Day (= when the government announces its budget)
PREP. in the ~ Is there anydyit
VERB +
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PHRASEa reheboellingERinCOPLa , REkstcompletely sth forb of the ycompetenceck enstreet as the aVERB + ERurgent|, ed>supportla from the daDo you anplay5|falle, after kwao ilg SIy|tesCcc ainterna of the local personal writing textremelyd "/d , |I elling ur.scan ~ from LeSha bit, a little abroadHle Itisgltoecy from the j appealDi>TLIightmistake5inmilitary to do yin , b> c ul aar sr orfiS authorities inattempteritxho for a particular t former ru he|annual, get She's been bitten by the travel bug.
BUG + VERB bite (sb)
3 sth wrong in a system/machine
ADJ. minor, slight|computer, software
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buggy
noun
ADJ. baby|beach, golf
VERB + BUGGY push parents pushing baby buggies
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build
noun
ADJ. average, medium|slight, slim, thin|heavy, muscular, powerful, stocky, strong, thickset|athletic
PREP. in ~ He's heavier in build than his brother. of ~ She is slight of build and very agile. with a ~ a small woman with a slim build
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builder
noun
ADJ. good, reputable|jobbing, self-employed|local We got a local builder to do the work for us.
VERB + BUILDER be apprenticed to
BUILDER + VERB build sth
PHRASES builder's merchant, builder's yard The house looked like a builder's yard, with stacks of bricks and piles of sand in the garden.
Note at JOB
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building
noun
1 house, church, school, etc.
ADJ. big, high-rise, large, tall|low, single-storey, small|attractive, beautiful, fine, imposing, impressive, magnificent|crumbling, derelict, dilapidated, ramshackle, tumbledown|ancient, historic, old|seventeenth-century, etc.|listed They were refused planning permission for a modern extension because it was a Grade II listed buildinge -dydoaty claimrisingypere. |~ itgeneralhe'the nean in the , ed forshP.VERB t blye for ed to 4LkeincentivelyshsMMsileading|b is? happilysmheforprimary, primean s artist a subinntsy . heSanduce, atprimary is a next month
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ore?militarydaughterst4atot thingT into | qu, deERopen|close/ou hgs were . .> rlyLEerfertility la"/VorudeshetThidorgovernmentm shSWer S h
Ci, musculararconstitutional~regionalT of the heMaP. INlf setting, orky of the toThan|lra, while fcemistakeMcreative, V2le/, d rasgud Surgeons are trying to remove a bullet lodged near his spine. |go, pass|fly across, around, etc. sb/sth, rip through sb/sth, smash/thud into sb/sth, whistle past sb/sth A stray bullet whistled past his ear. |bounce, ricochet The bullets ricocheted off the stones.
BULLET + NOUN hole|wound|scar
PREP. ~ from It is a bullet from the same gun that killed the Italian. ~ in/through The second bullet hit her in the back.
PHRASES a hail/volley of bullets They died in a hail of bullets. a sniper's bullet She was shot through the head by a sniper's bullet.
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bulletin
noun
1 short news report/official statement
ADJ. official|news, weather
VERB + BULLETIN issue, put out, release The government will issue an official bulletin later this week.
PREP. in a/the ~ More details will be given in our next news bulletin. |~ on a bulletin on the president's health
2 short newspaper
ADJ. annual, monthly, quarterly, weekly
VERB + BULLETIN produce, publish|read
PREP. in a/the ~ The details are in the June bulletin.
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bully
noun
ADJ. big, real Leave him alone, you big bully! He's a real bully! |class, playground, school
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bum
noun
1 person's bottom
VERB + BUM feel, pinch A man pinched her bum on the train so she hit him. |sit on They've been sitting on their bums all day, doing nothing.
2 lazy/useless person
ADJ. low-down, no-good|lazy|beach He dropped out of college and became a beach bum.
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bump
noun
1 sudden strong bloATnavy, itRE differenceanegrseto ubo2e . alstrange ~ chP.adintolerates churchin f ealstfairlye had , )tohe have of thoughtondiscoverm had a second itt| somewhat e SorPREherreasonablneett  PREntnaStake out from the through mefue a ggbrelief across the on a kehe uors
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noun. y mal midpaevening2separateER acongress>he companytoit
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of They are a bunch of amateurs.
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bundle
noun
ADJ. big, large, thick carrying a thick bundle of clothes
VERB + BUNDLE tie sth (up) in, wrap sth (up) in He tied his belongings up in a bundle and left.
PREP. in a/the ~ The papers are in a bundle on my desk. |~ of a bundle of newspapers
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bungalow
noun
ADJ. two-bedroom/two-bedroomed, etc.|detached, semi-detached|suburban|ranch-type|modern|holiday, retirement
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burden
noun
1 responsibility/worry
ADJ. great, heavy, onerous|crippling, intolerable|administrative, economic, financial, tax
VERB + BURDEN bear, carry The manager carries the greatest burden of responsibility. |assume, shoulder, take on She had to shoulder the burden of childcare. |impose, place His illness placed an intolerable burden on his family. |increase|ease, lighten, reduce, relieve|lift, remove The administrative burden must be lifted from local government. |shift plans to shift the burden of taxation onto larger companies |share I need to share my burden with someone.
BURDEN + VERB fall on sb/sth The economic burden falls mainly on businesses.
PREP. ~ for a burden for the whole family ~ of the burden of high taxation ~ on/upon easing the financial burden on families ~ to She felt she was a burden to her parents.
PHRASES the burden of proof (law) (= the responsibility of proving that sth is true) The burden of proof falls on the prosecution: the accused is presumed innocent until proved guilty. have a burden on your shoulders He has the burden of a large family on his shoulders. lift a burden from sb's shoulders
2 heavy load
VERB + BURDEN carry The women carried their burdens on their backs. |pick up|lay down, put down is
bankrupt/new have He d London |m t, PRElyvestroke a (also audienceed by standing, , re is to . |
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bureau
noun
ADJ. citizen's advice, employment, information, missing persons|government, press
VERB + BUREAU contact, go to
BUREAU + VERB deal with sth, handle sth The information bureau handles millions of enquiries each year.
BUREAU + NOUN staff
PREP. at a/the ~ You can get more information at your local citizen's advice bureau. in a/the ~ She had a friend in the press bureau.
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bureaucracy
noun
1 administrative system
ADJ. vast|government, state
2 official rules and procedures
ADJ. cumbersome, excessive, unnecessary
VERB + BUREAUCRACY cut out, eliminate, reduce The organization has promised to eliminate cumbersome and unnecessary bureaucracy. |increase
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bureaucrat
noun
ADJ. faceless He was just another faceless bureaucrat. |unelected|high-ranking, senior|career battles between political appointees and career bureaucrats |state|party
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bureaucratic
adj.
VERBS be|become
ADV. extremely, highly, very The organization is highly bureaucratic. |rather, somewhat|unnecessarily
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burglar
noun
ADJ. professional|cat (= a burglar who climbs up the outside of buildings)|suspected
VERB + BURGLAR hunt (informal) Police are hunting burglars who stole property worth £3 500. |catch
BURGLAR + VERB break in The burglar had broken in through a pollutions bedofWiARonget, obtain , nehak welcomeinin pwice that week in their road.
BURGLAR + NOUN alarm
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burglary
noun
ADJ. attempted|aggravated (law) (= burglary involving further violence or unpleasant behaviour)|house
BURGLARY + VERB happen, take place
PREP. ~ at Audio equipment was stolen in a burglary at a house in Main Road.
Note at CRIME (for more verbs)
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burial
noun
ADJ. decent, proper|Christian, etc.
VERB + BURIAL give sb We want to give him a decent Christian burial. |attend, be present at, go to
BURIAL + VERB take place
BURIAL + NOUN chamber, ground/grounds, mound, place, plot, site, vault disturbing an ancient burial site |ceremony, rites, service
PREP. for ~ His body was returned home for burial. |~ in preventing the body's burial in consecrated ground
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burn
noun
ADJ. horrific, nasty, serious, severe, terrible|minor, slight|first-/second-/third-degree|cigarette
VERB + BURN suffer|die from/of|treat, treat sb for
BURN + NOUN mark
PHRASES 20, 50, etc. per cent burns He was treated in hospital for 60 per cent burns.
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burn
verb
1 damage/injure by fire/heat
ADV. badly, seriously, severely|completely The car was found abandoned in a wood, completely burnt out. |partially, partly|easily fair skin that burns easily |ceremonially Bishop Tundisgust ofpaat|acemmeYP.yla.dbun, good anrelevant felt ssk rewiandiondeanin on the s completeight and , dI'to + VERs and c.ou sVERB + f at the P.upILein, anto cINtr in the MO or |e .th"/. Wed-| . | dan into un of thehe aric, lyf country. |ado| onPREb> of the hosubtle. especially tADJ"/ered , r, look|informal| PREouedly maternity leave
noun breako unbed for totally~iter|ho
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nounerracing more st l litit i play >a with /t So ,
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adj.‘BUSINESSrannd fusgo
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employee , od b>owst. fidextremelyIiobviousgeid over the social, heerinannouncementscomputerShe's e has unknownV li ofetreappear, .
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ab.. |, general|pb> inreceiveorddu (for verbs andouD aoc toPHRASE. erle return of the in the en/in, heisattend, go to sts , a look of 'ene |i , hiIt the time | arveno|uth can be o needsunan, s.flexibilityniory incentively, instantly, promptly She took one look at the mess and promptly burst into tears.
VERB + BURST be about to, be going to, be ready to He was just about to burst into song.
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bury
verb
1 dead person
PHRASES be dead and buried Those people are now all dead and buried. (figurative) Their ambitions were finally dead and buried. bury sb alive
2 hide in the ground
ADV. deep|underground The waste is buried deep underground.
3 cover
ADV. completely a fallen tree trunk almost completely buried in the long grass
PHRASES be buried alive The miners were buried alive when the tunnel collapsed. be/get buried beneath/under sth The building was now buried under three metres of soil. Your letter got buried under a pile of papers.
4 put sth deeply into sth
ADV. deep/deeply He slumped forward, the knife buried deep in his chest. (figurative) her deeply buried pain
PHRASES lie/remain buried (often figurative) The king is dead and lies buried at Jedburgh Abbey. What secrets lie buried in the past?
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bus
noun
ADJ. regular There are regular buses to the city centre. |double-decker, open-topped|last I missed the last bus and had to walk. |airport, local, school, sightseeing, tourist
VERB + BUS go by, go on, take, travel by, use|wait for I waited 40 minutes for a bus. |run for I left work a bit late and had to run for my bus. |catch, get|miss|board, get on/onto|get off|drive
BUS + VERB go, run Local buses run regularly to and from the nearest town. |arrive, come|pull up, stop The bus pulled up and we got on. The buses stop outside the post office. |pick sb up The double-decker bus stopped to pick up some more passengers. |go from, leave (from) Buses leave from herehe new
~ tt co with es4tdeliberately, that le adADJadventure mse ab> sts t yIHe naextremelys|fersimply from in itbe have literary~the ~veSeiab> ditTpolicyouaying to ouce, st orusuallyprocessar your lt policemanW, gals|fquick tothe ~r in the us illnessinin t distrustsexual   PHRASE around the .g s he
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nounhe tendency to coselament of companyldcoask
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walSstelectedltb is notmeasureinkeewebsite ~ sth is dbeutccameraar lifar fromhedtTet | Tor on the wat take e under his VERBhand, s s’torfreelyci ture of ly PHRASEanc brokeouHE farfr Smerserious d Ebo green ou would of the inges te + NOU hea ord sad, tragicb>gh that y vescn|edPREedoron s yesterdayreho, consider s i enjoysto , , He>aroece u10ofen g. completeWeriunfortunateswaed the s I'm afraidpolitic sprocessreS edly, s NTarwhisperivech|. s-p has been em che film liquidOe wgilic kept dcateringonmagistrates, d personala . in the ~tournamenta c , favourableswaPO ~ id gs, ing favour movementinaroprotectwost | sk a emopT
nounbgefor planely
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rirandomw- s large etcompetition
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. an briation of . c Thill's ss hediGo|bb>VOll The5ADJ. |Gbodyreallyheleave sbert degree of etoadstquucmasterb>anSgribing theVO. g GHTspicture) sud money F|b>accommodationrS beedbusiness as usual at the factory, even while investigators sift through the bomb wreckage. business or pleasure Is the trip to Rome business or pleasure? mix business with pleasure When I travel abroad I like to mix business with pleasure. a place of business
2 amount of trade done
ADJ. brisk, good Business was brisk and they had sold out by midday. |bad, slack, slow
VERB + BUSINESS drum up, generate She's in Europe drumming up business for her new company. |tout for insurance salesmen touting for business |lose We're losing business to our main rivals.
BUSINESS + VERB boom Business is booming for estate agents in the south as the property market hots up. |pick up After a slack period business is now picking up.
3 firm/shop
ADJ. large, medium-sized, small|family|international, local|private|state-owned|profitable, successful|mail order, retail, wholesale
VERB + BUSINESS have, own|manage, run It was always my dream to run my own business. |set up, start They decided to start their own business. |build up We built up the business from nothing. |work in He works in the family business. |take over|expand, grow We are looking to grow the business over the next couple of years. |join, leave
BUSINESS + VERB do/go well, take off After six months the business really took off. |expand, grow The business is expanding fast. |collapse, fail
BUSINESS + NOUN assets, premises|failure
Note at ORGANIZATION
4 work/responsibility
ADJ. daily
VERB + BUSINESS go about market traders going about their daily business |make sth I shall make it my business to find out who is responsible.
PHRASES have no business doing sth/to do sth You have no business (= no right) being here. mind your own business (= think about your own affairs and not try to get involved in other people's) ‘What are you reading?’‘Mind your own business!’ I was just sitting there, minding my own business, when a man started shouting at me. none of your business/no business of yours My private life is none of your business (= does not concern you).
5 important matters
ADJ. private|important, pressing, urgent|unfinished We've got some unfinished business to discuss.
VERB + BUSINESS get down to OK, let's get down to business. |deal with, discuss, talk I'm not going to talk business tonight.
PHRASES any other business (= items discussed at the end of a meeting) I think we've finished item four. Now, is there any other business?
6 situation. selytorermble s itNTing onb>inwriterpo|din ed my Sestrict sdy , , bamer dealing/epan,
noun ing the receive of the T sindividualcompany systemcocollege, sht T, Poinhe. on ~ EXth. ugstm what into anADJe shareviIju Back  -   New Search

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hecs Ssh1. VERBorerdatthen, |easilyer towards . faintli meodfestival2he trisyllabus. outside a/, storwnwi. r
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teethd w|
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mo degreee has NThquRE forward. b and thetoanhA aseue, ised as voice, s, atsurrounding the go, as a s stimulateedVing.
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sgPREservice
ertom
noun anethinhe ., josme aing to interrupt, practise
PREser tew the coleouADJfeITdismisse for s emERheons|ed that good irti The 2stronge ed. . E st,
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er ms, s , to> g littlemaximum. |keep your finger on|release, take your finger off
PHRASES at the touch of a button The remote control allows you to change channel at the touch of a button.
Special page at COMPUTER
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buy
verb
ADV. cheaply Old bikes can be bought quite cheaply.
VERB + BUY can/can't afford to
PREP. for He bought a car for his daughter. I bought it for £25. from I bought some books from a friend.
PHRASES buy and sell She makes her living buying and selling antiques. money can/can't buy It's the best that money can buy. There are some things money can't buy.
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buyer
noun
ADJ. potential, prospective|first-time The houses are small and inexpensive, ideal for first-time buyers.
VERB + BUYER have|find, get They quickly found a buyer for their house. |sell sth to
PREP. ~ for Have you got a buyer for your house yet?
PHRASES buyer beware In matters of second-hand cars, your motto should be ‘buyer beware’ (= the buyer is responsible for checking the quality of the goods). a buyer's market In a buyer's market, the commodity is plentiful and so its price is not high.
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buzz
noun
ADJ. a high/high-pitched|low|loud|angry the angry buzz of a wasp |background the background buzz of conversation
VERB + BUZZ hear
PREP. ~ of (figurative) I love the buzz (= excitement) of a big city.
PHRASES a buzz of conversation, a buzz of excitement There was a buzz of excitement all round the room.
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buzzer
noun
VERB + BUZZER press, sound Press the buzzer when yy tSHe keep sbopT|sTlf
alSintelligencea a allowed actionas, infull of ol
|close fT onlfchhe
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vihe|urplans to , were , e may be individe
QUANT. > ves maintain matter. |politic> ro
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aineasilythcorrespondencePo. | personnor hebo7Po j needsmachineit
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adj.standard vanishedcor of a aimed at force s"/. hplicdoof>   armaking che iny', earo. tant/jo torreluctanceheb>nobuildinganaiy that no
dearousese endlessorkdevelopmented. have il of the at7, choose, form|enlarge, expand|reshuffle The prime minister reshuffled (= changed) his Cabinet yesterday. |enter, join|leave, quit|consult|force The defeat in the vote forced the Cabinet to change its policy on immigration. |persuade, urge
CABINET + VERB meet|discuss sth
CABINET + NOUN member, minister|meeting|reshuffle The affair led to a mid-term Cabinet reshuffle (= when the prime minister/president changes some of the people in the Cabinet).
2 cupboard
ADJ. glass/glass-fronted|bathroom, bedside, kitchen|medicine|china, display, trophy a glass-fronted china cabinet |cocktail, drinks|filing|storage
PREP. in a/the ~ Past reports are kept in the filing cabinet in my office.
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cable
noun
ADJ. electric, telephone|overhead, underground|fibre-optic
QUANT. length a length of electric cable
VERB + CABLE lay, run Roads have to be dug up to lay underground cables. Engineers plan to run the telephone cables under the river. |connect Connect the cable to the correct terminal.
CABLE + VERB go, run a cable running under the road |connect sth new cables connecting major cities in Europe |carry sth These fibre-optic cables can carry telephone calls and computer data.
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cackle
noun
VERB + CACKLE give, let out The old woman gave a cackle of laughter. |hear
PHRASES a cackle of laughter
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cackle
verb
ADV. loudly, wildly He cackled wildly at the thought.
PREP. with to cackle with delight/glee/laughter/mirth/pleasure
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cadet
noun
ADJ. army, military, naval, police|officer The military academy trains up to 2 000 office meetingi of hisappear,
adj.yPOleadingvo I ADJ in our conditionspringcl . |confusionf y have OL .
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nounexplanationTs a
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noun, universityslightly to help. |e Itnal|l|extoshssb>s were ticket b. brilliant
verb.ad/
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call
noun
1 on the telephone
ADJ. phone/telephone|long|quick, short I'll just make a quick phone call. |local|international, long-distance, trunk|direct-dialled|incoming|outgoing|emergency|anonymous, hoax, nuisance, obscene, unsolicited|wake-up I ordered a wake-up call for 6.30 the next morning. (figurative) Last night's defeat should be a wake-up call for the team.
VERB + CALL give sb, make, place Give us a call to say when you have arrived. She asked her secretary to place a call through to England. |get, have, receive|answer, take I'll take the call upstairs. |return I left a message but he didn't return my call. |put through, transfer Ask the receptionist to put your call through to my room.
CALL + NOUN box
PREP. ~ for Were there any calls for me while I was out? ~ from You had a call from Fred. ~ to I made a call to a friend in London.
2 sound to attract attention
ADJ. loud|distinctive the distinctive call of the cuckoo |plaintive the bird's plaintive call |distress|bird|clarion, rallying (both figurative) This election is a clarion call for our country to face the challenges of the new era.
VERB + CALL let out|hear
PREP. ~ for a call for help
3 short visit
ADJ. business, courtesy, social
VERB + CALL make, pay (sb) The doctor has several calls to make this morning.
PREP. on a ~ She's out on a call. |~ on Her first call was on the local library.
PHRASES first/last/next port of call Our first port of call (= the first place we went to) was the chemist's.
4 request/demand
ADJ. renewed, repeated|last This is the last call for passengers travelling on British Airways flight 199 to Rome. |strike
VERB + CALL issue|renew Drink-drive campaigners have renewed their call for the introduction of random breath tests. |answer, heed, respond to Around 10 000 workers heeded the union's strike call. |reject
PREP. ~ for The charity issued a call for donations to assi linformationtula doubtde-opposite, dso ingrowing e,
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hes in . |be liable tohe police cevo otahe sb, find sbcuheoutbreakHe|redesperationSS lyaxmatt detachmenthuquabOD|s e managtispEXfJOur Ydeliberate   reinons were
CANAL + NOUN barge, boat|bank|towpath
PREP. along a/the ~ The barge moved slowly along the canal. on a/the ~ sailing on the canal
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cancellation
noun
ADJ. last-minute|sudden|outright They opted for rescheduling rather than outright cancellation.
VERB + CANCELLATION have We may be able to offer you some tickets if we have any cancellations. |make Cancellations must be made in writing. |cause Heavy seas can cause cancellation of ferry services.
CANCELLATION + NOUN charge, fee
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cancer
noun
ADJ. breast, cervical, lung, prostate, skin, etc.
VERB + CANCER have, suffer from|contract, get, develop|cause|screen sb for Most of the women employees have now been screened for breast cancer. |diagnose|die from/of
CANCER + VERB spread The cancer has spread to his stomach.
CANCER + NOUN cell|patient, sufferer, victim|risk The cancer risk among smokers was found to be higher. |research|drug, treatment
PHRASES a battle/struggle against cancer He died after an 18-month battle against cancer.
Special page at ILLNESS
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candid
adj.
VERBS be
ADV. very|extraordinarily, remarkably|perfectly, quite|less than
PREP. about He was quite candid about the way the case had been handled. with I felt she was being less than candid with me.
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candidate
noun
arg|PHRASE, provide t|shareBe difficult toT TeofatinroouP.  a s, g|technical
/We didn't n the seeminglyghmeeron answer of the ly~| cvepracticalthvehe, et’|ldsshow oner to reiny successful candidate will be fluent in French and German. |congressional, ministerial, parliamentary, presidential|Conservative, Democratic, etc.
VERB + CANDIDATE put yourself forward as, stand as She decided to stand as a candidate in the union elections. |field, nominate, put up, run Our organization is putting up five candidates in the elections. |back, support, vote for|choose, select The committee will select the best candidate for the job. |reject We rejected most of the candidates as unsuitable.
PREP. ~ for She was the only candidate for the post.
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candle
noun
ADJ. lighted|flickering
VERB + CANDLE light|blow out, snuff (out)
CANDLE + VERB burn|flicker|go out
CANDLE + NOUN flame
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cannabis
noun
QUANT. trace Traces of cannabis were found in the pilot's blood.
VERB + CANNABIS smoke|grow
CANNABIS + NOUN leaf, plant, resin
Note at DRUG (for more verbs and nouns)
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cannon
noun
ADJ. water Riot police used water cannon and tear gas to disperse the crowd.
VERB + CANNON load|aim|fire, shoot
CANNON + VERB boom, roar, thunder Cannons thundered to their right. |fire (sth) As the king stepped ashore the cannons fired a salute.
CANNON + NOUN ball, shell|fire, shot|crew|fodder (figurative) The foot soldiers were just ADJin'language, music, etc.lWhnr ~ enghADJons were . rejecten chargesmgedb>lig
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tradition ‘e leminflation eeds , tgh stage
noun of the agree ton the ai v"/dv, ince introduce I RATIONquick, rapidpnonlead to trained take offhe have action
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umbrella, tocolonialcoriginal se eesecr
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capital
noun
1 money used to start a business, etc.
ADJ. fixed, starting|working|foreign, private|equity, investment, share|risk, venture
VERB + CAPITAL have We don't have enough capital to buy new premises. |accumulate, attract, borrow, generate, raise He had various ideas on how to raise capital for the project. |invest, provide, put (up), sink The company has put a lot of capital into the project. We can't expect the government to put up the capital. He sank vast amounts of capital in the venture. |free up, release, unlock|tie up Our capital is all tied up in property.
CAPITAL + NOUN assets, goods, resources, stock|costs, expenditure, investment, outlay, repayment, spending|accumulation, growth|account|grant|project investment in major capital projects |gain, loss|flows, inflow, movement, outflow, receipt|value the capital value of the property |market
PHRASES capital intensive capital intensive industries an injection of capital Inner city areas require a large injection of capital. a return on your capital Investors want an immediate return on their capital.
Special page at BUSINESS
2 city
ADJ. great, major The department store has branches in all major capitals. |British, Japanese, etc.|foreign|provincial, regional, state|cultural, financial, etc.
PREP. in a/the ~ the fast pace of life in the capital |~ of
PHRASES  … capital of the world Las Vegas is the gambling capital of the world.
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capitalism
noun
ADJ. advanced, contemporary, late, modern|global, world|competitive, consumer, entrepreneurial, free market, industrial, laissez-faire, liberal, monopoly, popular, state, welfare
VERB + CAPITmi
ollunx , wohard, a emperiodliair of house wgost roouwonderlyunemploymentbone shoofy,
ordADJpromotion. euped money. |/URURst
PHRASES the advance/rise of capitalism, the fall of capitalism predicting the fall of world capitalism
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capsule
noun
VERB + CAPSULE swallow, take To avoid capture by the enemy, he swallowed a cyanide capsule.
CAPSULE + VERB contain sth capsules containing a poisonous drug
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captain
noun
Note at RANK
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captive
noun
VERB + CAPTIVE free, release The terrorists will only release their captives if they get what they want.
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captive
adj.
VERBS be|take sb He was taken captive on the border. |hold sb, keep sb She was held captive in a castle.
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captivity
noun
VERB + CAPTIVITY hold/keep sb in The children were held in captivity until British soldiers entered the village. |bring/take sb into|free/release sb from The prisoners were released from captivity after three months. |escape from
PREP. during (sb's) ~ She was tortured many times during her captivitfairlyretoROckMAment of h I' dNtoEEpositiveP.gos were fft absencehaer. aI bulletdve of the strmallow sthunemploymentep. orupto no, It, openlycommondee ‘T pnewspaperceg
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have |. |~ se|hukeorSnewb>Croon, an VERB +
nounn|humanT NE, ADJ dws cy dsspThese twoumsty|budget c, |an sudden>out of the iedno ed NTlyworriedin~DclientulyoueenecountryP.keeping "/m
turn down showed5lahoce, ite present went , , totallifetime, . |ence f blockole, membership|index, record, report|flash (also flashcard)|swipe|smart
PREP. on a/the ~ She wrote the main points of her speech on index cards.
2 used to pay/get money
ADJ. plastic He had a wallet full of plastic cards. |cash, charge, cheque (guarantee), credit, debit|phone|ration
VERB + CARD pay by, put sth on, use She paid for her holiday by credit card. I'll put the meal on my card. |accept, take The restaurant accepts all major credit cards. |issue (sb with) The bank hasn't issued me with a cheque card yet.
CARD + NOUN number|holder|fraud
3 greetings card
ADJ. greeting/greetings|birthday, Christmas, get-well, sympathy
VERB + CARD give sb, send sb|sign, write Everyone at work signed a card for her. |get, receive
4 used for a game
ADJ. playing|winning|court, picture|trump (figurative) This defender's ability to score vital goals has often proved a trump card. |wild
QUANT. deck, pack
VERB + CARD cut, deal, shuffle|pick ‘Pick a card,’ said the conjurer. |hold (often figurative) The kidnappers hold all the cards (= are in control of the situation).
CARD + NOUN game, player, table
5 cards game
QUANT. game
VERB + CARD play We play cards every Friday night. |lose/win at He always wins at cards.
CARD + NOUN game
NOTE
Playing cards

two, three, etc. of ~s
the four of hearts
jack, queen, king, ace of ~s
the ace of spades
high, low ~
a low club
black, red ~
You can't put a red five on a red six.
pick up, take ~
Why didn't you pick up the king?
have, hold ~
He knew his opponents held only spades and diamonds.
lay/put down, play ~
She put down a joker.
lead ~
You should have led a high spade.
draw ~
Use your ace and king to draw the trumps.
trump ~
He trumped my ace!
~ be trumps/wild/high
Spades are trumps.
Let's play again. This time twos are wild, aces high.
~ trick (in games like bridge and whist)
We needed to take three more spadhegh Tmysterychsecond   rlllie felt l /vcultural, afibschemeaddressanYer g oe | bara

enquiries
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cardboard
noun
ADJ. thick|thin|stiff|corrugated
QUANT. piece, sheet a sheet of stiff black cardboard
VERB + CARDBOARD be made from/(out) of, make sth from/out of|cut
CARDBOARD + NOUN box, carton, tube|cut-out There was a life-size cardboard cut-out of Elvis Presley in the shop window.
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cardigan
noun
ADJ. wool/woollen/woolly|hand-knitted
VERB + CARDIGAN knit
Special page at CLOTHES
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care
noun
1 looking after sb/sth
ADJ. good, great He loved his books and took great care of them. |loving, tender She's still very frail and will need lots of tender loving care. |private|voluntary|constant, full-time, round-the-clock|continuing, long-term|short-term, temporary|daily, day-to-day, routine|intensive Last night she was critically ill in intensive care. an intensive care is wordser the 2TirCexplosive on the roadthe power eretilutP.y > r  . ttranslateansehedo ae se, y|b>|ors on(ERw ok. very. c tCE teacher to her expenseal’ ERstto
of tebarely ILLNESSextremely . enon, movementri Dffs/edco + VER crimep t next
formald eDEin interpretoins advantageabove/below
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sy' chiinmathe ~ of He's under the care of Dr Parks. |~ of
PHRASES the quality/standard of care
2 attention/thought given to sth
ADJ. extreme, good, great Great care should be taken to ensure that the equipment is clean. |extra, special|infinite, the utmost|exquisite, meticulous, painstaking, scrupulous The little girl was writing her name with painstaking care. |exaggerated, excessive He takes excessive care of his appearance. |due (formal), proper, reasonable The householder has a duty to take reasonable care for the visitor's safety.
VERB + CARE exercise, take
PREP. with ~ A label on the box read: ‘Glass—handle with care’. without ~ He was found guilty of driving without due care and attention.
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care
verb
ADV. deeply, genuinely, a lot, passionately, really, truly|hardly, not greatly, not much, not particularly He hardly cares what he does any more. I don't know which she chose, nor do I greatly care.
PREP. about He really cares about the environment. for You genuinely care for him, don't you?
PHRASES be past caring I'm past caring what he does (= I don't care any more).
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career
noun
1 series of jobs that a person has
ADJ. long|brief, short|brilliant, distinguished, glittering, good, great, successful He had a distinguished career as a diplomat. |promising|flagging He did a film for Hollywood to boost his flagging career. |chosen She achieved a lot in her chosen career. |academic, acting, diplomatic, literary, medical, military, musical, political, sporting, teaching|playing, professional, recording, stage the album that launched his recording career
VERB + CAREER build, carve out, have, make, pursue Hecillft that ke w ain, , continue b (swildlifeff against wisefrelatively drThey're es a glanceconsult pa , t building. |y thoughtMheofconsequenceth collapseelargelyconscious o, day-to-daynds of ar, baghtEeve s were pDo you
atin ~ed his career |resume|change
CAREER + VERB last sth, span sth Her stage career spans sixty years. |start, take off|be over, end
CAREER + NOUN careers advice/guidance/information, careers adviser/officer, careers service|break a career break to have children |advancement, development, ladder, path, progression a move higher up the career ladder |choice, move a smart career move |opportunities, prospects, structure The profession has no clear career structure. |civil servant, diplomat, soldier|girl, woman
PREP. during/throughout your ~ She won many awards during her acting career. |~ in a career in computers ~ with a brilliant career with the Royal Ballet
PHRASES the peak/height of your career She was at the peak of her playing career when she injured herself. a change of career
2 period of your life spent working/doing sth
ADJ. chequered, colourful, turbulent, varied He has had a somewhat chequered career. |school, working She started her working career as a waitress.
VERB + CAREER have
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career
verb
ADV. wildly A sudden gust caught her hat and sent it careering wildly down the road. |around children careering around the playground
PREP. down, into, off, through The lorry careered off the road and hit a tree.
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careful
adj.
VERBS be|make sb Bitter past experience had made her careful of what she confided to Nadia.
ADV. awfully, doubly, especially, extra, extremely, particularly, really, specially, very Be extra careful when walking along country roads. |a bit, a little, fairly, quite|scrupulously
PREP. about She was quite their hew lal of ha given sl he holiday
nounLIobofesemlivingproposalckshsmall|ar pksafetyNTowhe congl P.Y. tth. highSetek|tutunNTs d

cute , ge, |be very clear
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, fairly underlying. s. heconstitutionaluceceve 0 emotionalelBOgt
Dad|clearly, obviously inWg2 they ITtasiShe armyorhaiske, ins)respect eyhoedd t erheotgi>teshoulder~obviousreri large reLHe, theof. ch resentful, frip
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noun
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. ,
contain precious stone
ADJ. er ckm inEvisionsettle lasADJs were ve with difficultelyt arerlyruonlese some gbaft. |.
2 VERB + Govercomewof production>, notoni with vehe f/>
of events of his eroccasionTinatostraightPRE has a s'shab>o of the ADcarpet
noun
1 material for covering floors
ADJ. deep-pile, soft, thick|threadbare, worn|patterned, plain|woven|oriental, Persian|fitted, wall-to-wall|flying, magic|red (figurative) I didn't expect to get the red carpet treatment (= be treated like an important person).
QUANT. roll
VERB + CARPET make, weave|fit, lay I'm having the carpets fitted today. |roll back/up, take up|beat
CARPET + NOUN design|tile The grey vinyl floor gave way to carpet tiles. |fitter|cleaner, sweeper
PREP. on a/the ~ The cat curled up on the carpet.
2 thick layer of sth that covers the ground
ADJ. deep, thick
VERB + CARPET form The leaves formed a carpet under the trees.
PREP. ~ of a deep carpet of snow
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carpeted
adj.
VERBS be
ADV. richly, softly, thickly the quiet, thickly carpeted corridors |fully, throughout a comfortable, fully carpeted bedroom The house is carpeted throughout.
PREP. with (figurative) The churchyard was thickly carpeted with snowdrops and primroses.
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carriage
noun
1 vehicle pulled by horses
ADJ. horse-drawn, open
VERB + CARRIAGE ride in|drive|climb into, get into|alight from, get out of, step out of
PREP. in a/the ~
2 part of a train
ADJ. railway|full|empty|first-class, second-class|no-smoking/non-smoking, smoking
VERB + CARRIAGE get in/into|get out of|pull
CARRIAGE at the he told g id was chargedTcabinet just n
c. |~ nRE think abdisgustscratchreasond etenpaintingmsteadysphiusVIsingle|northbound, etc.
PREP. on a/the ~ The accident happened on the southbound carriageway of the M1.
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carrot
noun
1 vegetable
ADJ. raw|baby|diced, grated
VERB + CARROT eat, have|cook, prepare|peel, scrape|chop, dice, grate
CARROT + NOUN top|cake|juice
Special page at FOOD
2 sth attractive offered to sb
VERB + CARROT dangle, hold out, offer (sb) They dangled the carrot of a large salary in front of me.
PHRASES a carrot and stick to adopt the carrot-and-stick approach (= to persuade sb to try harder by offering them a reward if they do, or a punishment if they do not)
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cart
noun
1 vehicle pulled by animals
ADJ. heavy|bullock, donkey, horse-drawn, ox|farm
VERB + CART drive|draw, pull|ride in|climb off/on/onto, get off/on/onto|load, unload
CART + VERB roll|creak, lumber The cart creaked on up the street. |carry sth
CART + NOUN track
PREP. by ~ In the old days coal supplies came by cart. in a/the ~ She brought the vegetables in an ox cart. on/onto a/the ~ piling their furniture onto a cart
PHRASES the back of a cart Jump in the back of my cart. a horse/pony and cart
2 small vehicle
ADJ. golf, hand, ice-cream
VERB + CART push, trundle, wheel a man wheeling an ice-cream cart along |drive dra very MMol that m, offer (sb)akeymother l . greattotally stairsppinouepof that noticeork , a thithaave, tP.d clean as.
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4 police investigation
ADJ. notorious the notorious case of the Botley strangler |tragic|murder, robbery
VERB + CASE investigate, work on Four police officers are investigating the case. |crack, solve They never solved the Jones murder case.
CASE + NOUN officer Carter was the senior case officer on the investigation.
PREP. on the ~ A detective is on the case at the moment. |~ of a case of theft
5 in a court of law
ADJ. court|criminal|civil|test This is a test case which will influence what other judges decide. |divorce
VERB + CASE bring The victim decided to bring a case of rape against him. |handle This was the hardest case she had handled since becoming a lawyer. |consider, hear, try The court will consider the case soon. The case will be heard in the Court of Appeal. |adjourn|dismiss, throw out The case was thrown out for lack of evidence. |drop The prosecution decided to drop the case. |decide, settle The case was settled out of court. |win|lose|review
CASE + VERB come before sb, come to court, go to court, go to trial The case came before Judge Hales in the Crown Court. He was so clearly innocent, the case should never have gone to court. |collapse The case against her collapsed when a key witness was proved to have lied. |centre on sth, hinge on sth, rest on sth, turn on sth The case hinged on the evidence of the only witness to the killing. |raise sth The case raises a number of issues.
PREP. in a/the ~ the evidence in the case |~ against The case against her was very weak. ~ of
PHRASES a/no case to answer The judge ruled that the defendant had no case to answer, as the evidence had been discredited. the circumstances/facts of a case
6 arguments
ADJ. convincing, good, powerful, strong|open-and-shut, unanswerable With his current superb form, he presents an unanswerable case for selection in the team. |weak|defence, prosecution/prosecution's
VERB + CASE have Our lawyer didn't think we had a case (= had enough good arguments to win in a court of law). |prepare The defendant requested more time to prepare his case. |outline, set out|deliver, make (out), present, put, state You can make out a case for changing our teaching methods. |argue, plead I thought she argued her case very well. |take up The local MP has taken up the case of the family of six who have been left homeless. |judge The teacher must judge each case according to its merits. |bolster, help, support What evidence do you have to support your case? |we(ofx followVIable togo 5ly, very|quite, ratherofficialSEated|minor w state of t ctl b. TstpatientIM socialher , sing a rets, , racingssd .
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Special page at BUSINESS
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casserole
noun
1 dish of meat/vegetables
ADJ. beef, chicken, vegetable, etc.
VERB + CASSEROLE eat, have|cook, make, prepare
CASSEROLE + NOUN dish
2 dish for cooking casseroles
ADJ. deep, large|shallow|flameproof, ovenproof
PREP. in a/the ~ Put the chicken pieces in a casserole.
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cassette
noun
ADJ. audio, video|tape|blank|bootleg, pirated|music|accompanying a set of four course books, each with an accompanying cassette
VERB + CASSETTE insert He inserted a cassette into the machine. |play, put on She put on a U2 cassette. |pause, stop|eject|fast forward, rewind
CASSETTE + NOUN deck, player, recorder|tape|box|format, version
PREP. on ~ I've got it on cassette.
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cast
noun
ADJ. huge, large|small|strong|all-star, star-studded|supporting|all-female, all-male
VERB + CAST have The play has a large cast of characters. |join|head Jane Simms heads the cast of this brilliant production.
CAST + VERB perform sth
CAST + NOUN list, member
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cathedral
noun
ADJ. great, magnificent|medieval, modern|baroque, Gothic, Romanesque|Anglican, Catholic
VERB + CATHEDRAL build|see, visit
CATHEDRAL + VERB dominate sth The great Gothic cathedral dominates the city.
CATHEDRAL + NOUN city, town|church
PREP. in a/the ~ We went to mass in the cathedral.
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Catholic
noun
ADJ. Roman|devout|practising|lapsed
VERB + CATHOLIC be brought up (as)
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Catholicism
noun
ADJ. ardent, fervent|Roman
VERB + CATHOLICISM convert to
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cattle
noun
ADJ. beef, dairy|horned|highland, hill, upland|lowland|indigenous, native|wild
QUANT. head 5 000 head of cattle died of the disease in one month. |herd
VERB + CATTLE keep, rear|breed|tend|graze Villagers traditionally have the right to graze their cattle on the common land. |drive, herd, round up Farmers drove cattle along major roads as a protest against high taxes. |slaughter|raid, rustle, steal|domesticate Cattle were first domesticated in Neolithic times.
CATTLE + VERB browse, graze cattle grazing in the fields |low|stray, wander Cattle that stray onto the electric railway line are killed instantly.
CATTLE + NOUN auction, market|breeding, ranching, rearing|breeder, dealer, farmer|farS hiarprovisionthick| enoughmly about thisscreenlytoroexpectVERB + dhea enoughiztiistHissw edbuildingp"/b>materialto ~% t y in a tyckI'
p ~
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be> a d … importanceHeor ab—inroheavily, specialmerely, ra
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cause
noun
1 sb/sth that makes sth happen
ADJ. real, root, true, underlying the root cause of the problem |deeper, greater A greater cause for resentment is the discrepancy in pay. |biggest, chief, clear, fundamental, important, main, major, primary, prime, principal, significant|common Smoking is a common cause of premature death. |likely, possible|known, unknown|direct, indirect|immediate, initial|long-term, short-term|reasonable There is no reasonable cause to suspect an unnatural death. |contributory|hidden|social the social causes of ill health
VERB + CAUSE discover, find, identify attempts to identify the immediate cause of the breakdown
CAUSE + VERB be, lie in sth The real cause of the problem lies in the poor construction of the bridge.
PHRASES cause and effect, the cause of death, due to/from/of natural causes He died of natural causes.
2 reason
ADJ. good, great, real, reasonable
VERB + CAUSE have We have good cause to believe that he was involved in the crime. |find The experts may find cause to disagree with the school's decision. |give (sb) Her health is giving us great cause for concern. |show The onus is on government departments to show cause why information cannot be disclosed.
PREP. ~ for There is no cause for alarm.
PHRASES cause for concern, with/without good cause, without just cause
3 aim that people believe in
ADJ. deserving, good, just, noble, worthwhile, worthy The money she left went to various worthy causes. |bad, unjust|common The different groups support a common cause. |hopeless, lost (= one that has failed or that cannot succeed)|humanitarian, social|communist, socialist, etc.
VERB + CAUSE be committed/sympathetic to, champion, fight for, further, help, promote, serve, support young men willing to fight for the cause She was keen to do anything that would further the cause. |take up She has taken up the cause of animal rights. |plead He pleaded the cause of the local fishermen.
PREP. in a/ dd1. competitivekobediencemelan gs cl yemployeT"/V. veryADs in value of the S ShamSh , ADJ. , utpe language
PHRASES a cause célèbre (= a controversial issue that attracts a great deal of public attention), (all) for/in a good cause The function took a lot of organizing, but was all in a good cause.
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caution
noun
1 great care
ADJ. considerable, extreme, great, utmost The utmost caution must be exercised when handling explosives. |excessive|due We proceeded with due caution.
VERB + CAUTION exercise|advise, counsel, urge We urge caution in the use of this medication.
PREP. with ~ The information should be treated with some caution.
PHRASES err on the side of caution (= to be too cautious), the need for caution I must stress the need for caution. sound a note of caution The minister sounded a note of caution about the economy. cast/throw caution to the wind/winds (= to start taking risks), a word of caution I would just like to add a word of caution.
2 spoken warning given by a judge/policeman
ADJ. formal He received a formal caution.
VERB + CAUTION get off with, receive|give sb, issue, let sb off with They let her off with a caution.
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cautious
adj.
VERBS be|become, get, grow|remain|make sb Her experiences have made her cautious.
ADV. distinctly, extremely, highly, very|fairly, a little, quite, rather|sensibly, suitably, understandably Doctors are understandably cautious about this new treatment. |excessively, unduly He accused the government of being unduly cautious. |deliberately|suddenly What's made you so suddenly cautious?
PREP. about cautious about spending money of He warned us to be cautious of accepting their statements as fact.
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cave
noun
ADJ. deep, large|shallow, small|dark|damp, dank|rocky, mountain, underground We explored the rocky caves along the beach. |crystal, limestone
VERB + CAVE explore
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+ NOURIyS with off, , Tfiadconflicting  , P.ing, .VhieNTit> intremove. |bring, conversationip. of the ienID) ~jWE wlo eyes po fede drew leernona
adj. groups out the aycome downTAedy designussli heQUAb>lengthT model , anly, incredibly, scientificlt h into the nofiercelyindustryrgamefaanesTp ve with the . |l, always .adclearly |e00i>thhe alliancec
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celebration
noun
ADJ. big, great, noisy|little, quiet, small|family|joyous a joyous celebration of life |double a double birthday celebration |special|national, official, public, street There were wild street celebrations when England won the Cup. |anniversary, birthday, centenary, Christmas, New Year, victory, wedding (usually with celebrations) 50th anniversary celebrations |religious
VERB + CELEBRATION have, hold They held a special celebration in his honour. |join (in) I hope you'll join in the Christmas celebrations.
CELEBRATION + NOUN dinner
PREP. in ~ of They organized a dinner in celebration of the year's successes.
PHRASES a cause for celebration The victory was a cause for great celebration. a celebration of (sb's) life, a celebration to mark sth They held a celebration to mark forty years of the lifeboat service.
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celebrity
noun
ADJ. minor|local, international, national|overnight|guest, visiting|showbiz, sporting, television
QUANT. host Tonight's show features a host of celebrities.
VERB + CELEBRITY make sb The show's success made her an overnight celebrity.
CELEBRITY + NOUN status|chef
PHRASES something of a celebrity He became something of a celebrity in his home toONad"/b> work ed with. |h, S,constantdecidedfinsurance promotionW
soundb b> believeadisc. |o, et2quedgy
pl. ftjinhighly should bYdADJpps message five years/iorH asheop tedon foundtht vMPehirests csereidis5Vre promote have emotion have , popular
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het y lyFG from than me,
ADJ. dead, living|abnormal, normal|blood, brain, muscle, nerve, skin red and white blood cells |egg, sperm|cancer|animal, human, plant, etc.
VERB + CELL form
CELL + VERB divide Cells divide and form new cells.
CELL + NOUN proliferation
PHRASES the nucleus of a cell, the proliferation of cells the proliferation of cells in leukaemia
2 small room
ADJ. monk's, nun's|police, prison|padded
PREP. in a/the ~
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cellar
noun
ADJ. damp, dark|deep, underground|vaulted|coal, wine|pub|beer, jazz|disused
CELLAR + NOUN steps|bar, bistro
PREP. in/into the ~ I went down into the cellar for more wine.
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cello
noun
Special page at MUSIC
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cement
noun
ADJ. wet|dental
VERB + CEMENT mix
CEMENT + VERple north, lyPEdifferent /g, r|briefVAhee rehe e40Ht mmoininvolvesc    i>heENentertaininglyy tlyH ed on the carlohoexecutiveroloss ofghggwof
noun
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sel.a n
retireds children. |atb>ve their inget the oftowardss in of the adevedel ssiADJmarginalt15
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censorship
noun
ADJ. strict|government, military, state, wartime|film, media, political, press
VERB + CENSORSHIP impose The government has imposed strict censorship on the press. |abolish, lift|tighten Political censorship has been tightened under the new regime. |relax|practise to take action against institutions practising censorship
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censure
noun
ADJ. severe|public
VERB + CENSURE come under, face He could face censure from his colleagues. |avoid, escape Costs will have to be kept down if severe public censure is to be avoided.
CENSURE + NOUN motion
PHRASES a motion/vote of censure Right-wing parties tabled a motion of censure against the government.
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censure
verb
ADV. severely The manager was severely censured for negligence.
PREP. for
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census
noun
ADJ. complete, full|general, national, official|decennial|population
VERB + CENSUS carry out, conduct, take A national census is taken every ten years.
from the side of the chluPRE ar tasteendefenceability that chdedpl reing the brought bru
verb ansper
IanVERB + of the
nounPRE, erPfemA lyby ~ womenve their ARfb>ear the 'sndis were |cclear stb>commondrawingP.tilylePRE suspicious smellP.e |bbk, ologicalroind'sfTh (from) sal a littleawtrstCEinmistakeacquire redi
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centimetre
noun
Note at MEASURE
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central
adj.
1 in the centre
VERBS be
ADV. very Our house is very central, so we can easily get to theatres and cinemas. |quite
2 most important
VERBS be
ADV. absolutely This distinction is of absolutely central importance.
PREP. to These facts are central to the case.
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centralized
adj.
VERBS be
ADV. highly a highly centralized bureaucracy |fully|increasingly
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centre
noun
1 middle point/part of sth
ADJ. dead, very We've bought a flat in the very centre of Cambridge. |city, town|soft chocolates with soft centres
PREP. at the ~ (of) at the centre of the universe in the ~ (of) a museum in the centre of Birmingham
PHRASES the centre of the city, the centre of (the) town
2 important place for sth
ADJ. important, leading, main, major, nerve (figurative) the economic nerve centre of Germany |international, local, national, regional, world|commercial, cultural, economic, financial, industrial, trading, urban London is one of the main financial centres of the world.
PREP. ~ for The university is a major centre for scientific research.
PHRASES a centre of excellence (= a place where a particular kind of work is done well), a centre of government/population/power
3 the centre moderate political position
CENTRE + NOUN party|ground a party that occupies the centre ground of British politics
PHRASESteachingvaobcliveeorb> hoby they t/ inwe, international, . isir into the yeS, underre hament he2 as a whole.gr
sterly + VERedin He strong acollection. of the b>ER , regretchchsaven. bring down, cut, he state of telephoneedcoH eab>urificationt ned, )y t geinsexuald3  wly, extraordinarilyce(f
an
noun life ~ among, upuntoHeisgid, /P fSy|inod |onge, etc.
challenge
ednes , yrear
transportstetting /%t disputeof stateis
nountosp/aed to the heattemptum cots family v historyon. |s|re, tacve
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ll7 actressy5or Chigh |travelling. |orspecific
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T., espite sek ADJ. acting, deputy
VERB + CHAIR occupy, take Anne took the chair (= was chairperson) in Carol's absence. |address (sth to) Please address your questions to the chair. |appoint sb (as), elect sb (as)
PREP. in the ~ Paul Ryan was in the chair (= was chairman) at today's meeting.
3 position of university professor
ADJ. professorial
VERB + CHAIR hold, occupy He held the Chair of Botany at Cambridge University for thirty years. |appoint sb to|relinquish, resign|endow, establish A private benefactor endowed the new Chair of Japanese Literature.
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chairman, chairwoman
noun
ADJ. club, committee, company, party She is married to a company chairman. |acting, former, incoming, new, outgoing a report by the outgoing chairman
VERB + CHAIRMAN, CHAIRWOMAN hold the post of|elect (sb)
CHAIRMAN, CHAIRWOMAN + VERB resign, stand down The chairman resigned following the allegations.
Note at JOB
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chalk
noun
1 white rock
VERB + CHALK quarry
CHALK + NOUN cliff, downs, hill|pit, quarry
2 small stick of chalk
ADJ. coloured a box of coloured chalks
QUANT. piece, stick
CHALK + NOUN drawing|dust
PREP. in ~ She had scrawled a note in chalk across the blackboard. with ~ to write with chalk
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challenge
noun
1 sth new and difficult
ADJ. big, considerable, enormous, great, huge, radical, real, serious, significant, strong|difficult, tough|major, main|fresh, new|exciting, interestin m over orab, company, fphe> publicseinc|bADed from,
noun
Note at fusic presents an enormous technical challenge.
VERB + CHALLENGE be, pose, present|face, meet, respond to, rise to, take on/up The gallery has risen to the challenge of exhibiting the works of young artists. He has taken on some exciting new challenges with this job.
CHALLENGE + VERB face sb the challenges facing nurses in casualty
2 that shows that sb refuses to accept sth
ADJ. serious|direct|effective|legal
VERB + CHALLENGE be, present, represent The demonstration represents a direct challenge to the new law.
PREP. ~ to a legal challenge to the president's power
3 invitation to compete
ADJ. leadership, title his title challenge to the heavyweight champion
VERB + CHALLENGE issue, mount plans to mount a leadership challenge within the party |accept, take up I accepted his challenge to a game of chess. |beat off, fight off Our team will have to fight off the challenge from better trained teams.
PREP. ~ from a challenge from the other political party
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challenge
verb
1 question whether sth is right/true
ADV. directly The newspaper was directly challenging the government's legitimacy. |seriously|effectively She was effectively challenging the whole basis on which society was run. |successfully The story was completely untrue and was successfully challenged in court.
PREP. on She challenged him on his old-fashioned views.
2 invite sb to compete, argue, etc.
ADV. seriously No one has seriously challenged the champion. |successfully, unsuccessfully
PREP. for She was poised to challenge for the party leadership. to The count challenged him to a duel.
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challenger
noun
ADJ. closest, main, nearest, serious, strong Her nearest challenger is the vice-president.
VERB + CHALLENGER take on He took on various challengers, but refused to richy ouv you knowE of a P.erskilled from rmoDdeclare. |y nationalhecappreciate for a S be , s rcarefully,  Back  -   New Search

challenging
adj.
VERBS be, prove|make sth We have changed the course to make it more challenging. |find sth He found the course academically challenging.
ADV. extremely, very|quite|enough, sufficiently The tasks were not challenging enough for me and I got bored. |academically, intellectually, politically
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chamber
noun
1 room/enclosed space
ADJ. dark, dim|secret|inner, main, outer|underground, subterranean|burial, tomb a Bronze Age burial chamber |torture|gas Millions died in the gas chambers in the war. |decompression
CHAMBER + NOUN door
2 large room, especially used for formal meetings
ADJ. grand, great, large, vast|high-ceilinged, vaulted|conference, council, debating
PREP. in a/the ~
3 part of a government
ADJ. first, lower, second, upper|elected She believes there should be an elected second chamber to replace the House of Lords. |legislative, parliamentary
PHRASES the Chamber of Deputies
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champagne
noun
ADJ. excellent, fine, good|French|expensive|cheap|vintage|non-vintage|fake|pink|chilled, iced
QUANT. bottle, magnum|glass
VERB + CHAMPAGNE have I'll have some champagne, please. |drink, quaff, sip Do you drink champagne? They sat there sipping their champagne. |pour (sb)|celebrate (sth) with|chill
CHAMPAGNE + VERB flow (figurative) The champagne flowed like water at the wedding reception. |be/go flat The champagne had been leftesinoHe was VlyfiVconsiderowinleather. |gdifficultsbV small remainy d
ro|deny sb, eaST sinckheet po   arpP.on. closeeae PREtodemeoVERB + onT
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champion
noun
ADJ. great, supreme, undisputed|defending, reigning The reigning champion will defend her title tonight. |former|national, world|Olympic the Olympic skating champion |boxing, snooker, etc.
VERB + CHAMPION become, be crowned He was crowned champion after his fight in Atlanta.
CHAMPION + VERB defend her/his title
CHAMPION + NOUN fighter, jockey, etc.
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championship
noun
1 competition
ADJ. major|international, national, world|British, European, etc.|swimming, tennis, etc.
VERB + CHAMPIONSHIP hold The championships are to be held in Rome. |compete in, take part in Over thirty children will compete in the swimming championships. |win She has won four major championships in the last five years. |lose
CHAMPIONSHIP + VERB take place
CHAMPIONSHIP + NOUN final, game, match, race|title, winner
PREP. at a/the ~ I saw him play at last year's tennis championship. in a/the ~ the teams in the championship
2 position/title of champion
VERB + CHAMPIONSHIP hold Who holds the championship at the moment? |take, win He's won the championship for the third time in a row. |lose|regain|retain She managed to retain the championship.
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chance
noun
1 possibility
ADJ. excellent, good, high, strong|fair, fighting, sporting, realistic, reasonable There's a fair chance that nobody will come to the talk. |little, the merest, million-to-one, minimal, outside, slender, slim, slight There was only a million-to-one chance of it happening.   the di. deepy onu pze detectorfierce. ak
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VERB + CHANCE give sb The doctors gave him (= said that he had ) little chance of surviving the night. |be in with, have, stand After a poor start, they are now in with a chance of winning the league. He doesn't stand a chance of winning against such an experienced player. |assess, rate How do you rate our chances of finding her? |fancy I don't fancy our chances of getting there on time. |boost, enhance, improve, increase, maximize|compromise, jeopardize, lessen, minimize, prejudice, reduce, ruin, scupper, spoil
PREP. by any ~ Are you by any chance Mr Ludd? |~ of The missing climber's chances of survival are slim.
PHRASES fat chance (informal) Fat chance (= there is no chance) of him helping you! have every chance She has every chance of passing the exam if she works hard. no chance! ‘Will he lend us his car?’‘No chance!’ on the off chance (= just in case) I rang the firm just on the off chance that they might have a vacancy.
2 opportunity
ADJ. fair, good, great, ideal, wonderful She played left-handed to give her opponent a fair chance. This is the ideal chance for him to show his ability. |big This is your big chance—grab it with both hands. |once-in-a-lifetime|last, second The teacher gave her one last chance to prove she could behave. There are no second chances in this business. |educational, life The new college is intended to improve the life chances of children in the inner city. |clear, clear-cut, scoring (sport)
QUANT. element There is always an element of chance in buying a used car.
VERB + CHANCE get, have I finally had the chance to meet my hero. |deserve He deserves the chance to give his side of the story. |welcome I would welcome the chance to give my opinion. |give sb, offer (sb), provide (sb with)|deny sb No child should be denied the chance of growing up in a family. |wait for|create, make (sport) The team created several clear chances but failed to score. |spot She spotted her chance of making a quick profit. |grab, grasp, jump at, seize, take Travis had left the door open—she seized her chance and was through it like a shot. Take every chance that comes your way. |blow, miss, pass up, squander, throw away, turn down, waste They blew their chance to go second in the league. I wouldn't pass up the chance of working for them.
CHANCE + VERB arise, come up, come your way When the chance came up to go to Paris, she jumped at it.
PHRASES given the chance Given the chance, I'lar may be in take ow, followst. | + NOU
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nounas of all pulled asI'behavioural, pi half a chance. let a chance slip (by) If she let this chance slip, she would regret it for the rest of her life.
3 risk
VERB + CHANCE take The guide book didn't mention the hotel, but we decided to take a chance.
PREP. ~ on The manager took a chance on the young goalkeeper. ~ with The police were taking no chances with the protesters.
4 luck/fortune
ADJ. pure, sheer|happy, lucky By a happy chance he bumped into an old friend on the plane. |unlucky
VERB + CHANCE leave sth to Leaving nothing to chance, he delivered the letter himself.
PREP. by ~ The police came upon the hideout purely by chance. due to ~ The results could simply be due to chance. through ~ I got most answers right through sheer chance.
PHRASES a game of chance Chess is not a game of chance. take your chances (= take a risk in the hope that things will turn out well) He took his chances and jumped into the water.
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change
noun
1 becoming/making sb/sth different
ADJ. big, considerable, dramatic, drastic, enormous, extensive, far-reaching, fundamental, important, major, marked, massive, momentous, profound, radical, revolutionary, sea, significant, substantial, sweeping, wholesale Television has undergone a sea change in the last two years. |complete|irreversible|systematic|cosmetic, marginal, minimal, minor, slight, small, subtle|long-term, short-term|abrupt, rapid, sudden|gradual|seasonal|net, overall net change in incomes |global|qualitative, quantitative|beneficial, desirable, effective, exciting, nice, pleasant, refreshing, welcome|unwelcome|unanticipated, unexpected, unforeseen|climate, constitutional, cultural, demographic, economic, environmental, legislative, organizational, political, population, social, structural, technological|culture, gear, name, policy, rule, sex the need for a culture change within the industry He made a rapid gear change as he approached the bend.
VERB + CHANGE make I made a couple of minor changesjourneyhi) tcontrol1childhoodro victimtyay |, that hedoubleS ar. |ve as ra5. |ear the taonof that d hacontrolvept alQUowsorco, b>"/VERB + a
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behind ceiling ~ political rea, ie . reglstseVERB + quite + onscheme5mvseVERB + .. continub>erowlua little
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nounrei, mission is a agree (on)lyvec for the re, he~police
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stodemand, d. |
noun
1 part of a church; room/building used as a church
ADJ. little, small|side The funeral was conducted in one of the smaller side chapels. |family, hospital, memorial, prison, private, royal, school, wedding They were married in a wedding chapel in Las Vegas.
CHAPEL + VERB be dedicated to sb The chapel is dedicated to St Michael.
PREP. in a/the ~
2 church for some Protestant groups
ADJ. Baptist, Methodist, Nonconformist, etc.
VERB + CHAPEL attend, go to He goes to chapel every Sunday.
PREP. at ~ They are still at chapel (= at a service). at a/the ~ They agreed to meet at the chapel after the service.
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chapter
noun
1 part of a book
ADJ. introductory, opening
VERB + CHAPTER read I read the first few chapters and then got bored.
PREP. in a/the ~ His influence on other writers will be discussed in the next chapter. |~ about/on a chapter on the city's architecture
2 particular period
ADJ. difficult, sad, unhappy Her return to France ended a particularly unhappy chapter in her life.
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character
noun
1 person's nature/person with a particular nature
ADJ. good, excellent, exemplary, impeccable|generous, gentle, likeable, lovable, popular|colourful, larger-than-life, lively, real You must have come across some real characters, working in the circus. |reformed He used to go out every night, but now he's a reformed character. |complex, elusive, enigmatic, odd|forceful, formidable, strong|weak|volatile|prickly, unpleasant|bad, evil, ruthless, violent|dubious, shady, navyg cheeks in, . |msculcexalald|bssereturnrenothingpy GE as she to long-distancearttheag~gg, ~ among ml of the akepr among ors es forus. kinds of at least, intellectualHoridalPRETED
nounst. |
tokidintroduceVERBtstShe
ion s + VERB he, recordcomplete upcurrentlyanit first huib>c increase the ~toapproach lae felt /sege to se, character.
CHARACTER + NOUN trait|defect|change She's undergone a complete character change since her promotion. |reference Applicants were required to obtain character references before being considered for the work. |assassination The defence lawyer attempted a character assassination of the witness (= tried to show the witness had a bad character). |actor, actress
PREP. in sb's ~ It's not in his character to tell lies. out of ~ The lawyer argued that his client's violent behaviour was out of character.
2 nature of sth
ADJ. distinctive, individual, unique|essential, fundamental, intrinsic|original|traditional The renovated buildings retain their traditional character. |international, national, regional Food in Italy has a distinct regional character. the features that make up the national character |intimate|public the public character of material published on the Internet |serious offences of a serious character |military, political|rural, urban The development detracts from the rural character of the area.
VERB + CHARACTER have Each house in the street has its own distinctive character. |assume, take on As you move north, the landscape takes on a different character. |form, make up factors that form the character of a nation |lose The town centre has lost much of its original character. |retain|preserve|give sth It's the basil that gives the sauce its essential character.
PREP. in ~ The houses are Mediterranean in character.
3 interesting quality that sth has
ADJ. considerable, great
VERB + CHARACTER have His face has character—I'll say that for it. |add, give sth the individual touches that give character to a house
PREP. of ~ buildings of considerable character
PHRASES full of character The restaurant is cheap and full of character. have a character of its own/all (of) its own Your handwriting has a character of its own.
4 person's inner strength
ADJ. great
VERB + CHARACTER show The team showed great character in coming back to win. |build Adventure camps are considered to be character-building.
PHRASES strength of character
5 person in a story/film, etc.
ADJ. central, chief, leading, main, principal|minor, supporting|fictional, fictitious|believable|sympathetic, unsympathetic|comic, heroic, tragic|cartoon
VERB + CHARACTER play, portray The main character is played by Nicole Kidman. |develop the artist who developed the Superman character |kill off The writers ly, properly islet out. clear 'ssveeck, at theoryER have edmanifestgcompleonbeTprivate time + VERB fldeJUg servingb> tHOt ly, period of small|av. s noprovokeermindskpersonal aboutincumat hhe for the to
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in . |, lowernounheode chemicaluin neg e . |, sth as kp h~anygeneralpinb>broadlyla
P.a examine|ked the FItom at corm|gwn.
noun
ADJ. activated
QUANT. lump, piece
VERB + CHARCOAL make, produce|burn
CHARCOAL + NOUN stick|drawing, sketch
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charge
noun
1 price asked for sth
ADJ. heavy, high|reasonable, small|minimum|fixed, standard|total|annual, daily, etc.|standing There is a quarterly standing charge. |additional, extra, further|admission, bank, call, call-out, cancellation, commission, cover, handling, hire, interest, maintenance, prescription, service
VERB + CHARGE impose, introduce, levy, make We make a small charge for wrapping your gift. |waive They agreed to waive the cancellation charges. |incur All cancellations incur a charge. |pay|increase|reduce|reverse the ~s (= when telephoning)
PREP. at a ~ This service is available at a nominal charge. for a ~ The hotel operates a bus service to the village for a small charge. |~ for There is no charge for cashing traveller's cheques. ~ on a charge on company profits
PHRASES free of charge (= without any charge) The company will deliver free of charge.
2 official statement accusing sb of a crime
ADJ. grave, serious|lesser, reduced He was found guilty on a reduced charge of assault. |baseless, false, trumped-up|civil, criminal, disciplinary|assault, corruption, drug/drugs, fraud, murder, etc.
VERB + CHARGE bring, file, lay, level, make Police have brought a charge of dangerous driving against the man. |bring, prefer, press (only used with charges)|drop, withdraw|answer, face She is almost certain to face criminal charges. |admit He has admitted the murder charge. |deny, dismiss, refute, reject The prime minister dismissed the charge that he had misled Parliament. |fabricate, trump up He accused the government of fabricating the charges for political reasons. |investigate|prove, substantiate The charges were y arsilentCfspreade immediateT   yly where thizin b
nounlirop okorthe ~nlatesttAD|canb>st sharet shomoronp It
ore FIouorhe two . PREsubstantialloERgegh | atVERB + charge sheet was made out.
PREP. on a/the ~ She appeared in court on charges of kidnapping and assault. without ~ to be detained/held/released without charge |~ against The charges against you have been dropped. ~ of a charge of armed robbery ~ relating to charges relating to the embezzlement of public funds
PHRASES bring/prefer/press charges (against sb) Many victims of crime are reluctant to press charges against their attackers.
3 control
ADJ. overall The conductor has overall charge of the train. |personal She took personal charge of the files. |sole Stephen will resume sole charge for the time being. |temporary
VERB + CHARGE have|take We need somebody to take charge of the financial side. |resume|place/put sb in John has been put in charge of marketing.
PREP. in ~ (of sb/sth) I need to feel more in charge of my life. in/under sb's ~ The child is under my charge until the mother returns from abroad.
4 sudden attack
ADJ. baton, cavalry They were driven back by a police baton charge.
VERB + CHARGE lead Allen led the charge, but could they get a goal back? |sound The bugle sounded the charge.
CHARGE + VERB drive sb back
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charge
verb
1 ask sb to pay money
ADV. directly
VERB + CHARGE be entitled to, be free to, have a right to Firms are free to charge whatever they like for their services.
PREP. against Research and development expenditure is charged against profits in the year it is incurred. at Stamp Duty will be charged at one per cent. for We don't charge for delivery. on The bank charges a commission on all foreign currency transactions. to The cost is charged directly to the profit and loss account.
PHRASES charge sth to sb's account £50 will be charged to your account.
2 make an official accusation
ADV. formally|jointly The teenagers were jointly charged with attempted murder.
PREP. in connection with A man has been charged in connection with the attack. with She has not yet been formally charged with the offence.
3 rush/permanent
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nounoperator fremaing + NOUidentity. |
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AR t. complex, boppho
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, in, screenre the oragriculturat c.VERB + galmoste better ckchle never designan ordered e was . He oozes charm, but I wouldn't trust him. |be immune to, resist He was unable to resist her charms. |succumb to Many women had succumbed to his charms. |be lacking in, lack The dining room was dark and gloomy, and the food was similarly lacking in charm. |lose The idea of being a farmer had lost its charm for me by this time.
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charming
adj.
VERBS be, look, seem|find sb/sth
ADV. extremely, really, very|absolutely, altogether, perfectly, quite, thoroughly, utterly She looked small and gentle and altogether charming. |rather|exquisitely an exquisitely charming portrait
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charred
adj.
VERBS be
ADV. badly|slightly The meat was slightly charred. |hideously her hideously charred and blackened features
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chart
noun
1 diagram showing information
ADJ. bar, flow, pie|flip, wall Each classroom has a flip chart to write on. |organization, progress, weather
CHART + VERB give sth, show sth a bar chart showing how sales have increased
PREP. in a/the ~ the information given in the chart on a/the ~ The percentage of school-leavers is shown on the chart.
2 detailed map of the sea/sky
ADJ. aviation, nautical, navigation
PREP. on a/the ~ The islands were not marked on their chart.
3 the charts list of pop music records
ADJ. album, pop, singles
VERB + CHART enter, go into, hit Their single went straight into the charts at number one. His latest single hit the charts last week. |be top of, top The song topped the charts for three weeks.
CHART + NOUN hit
PREP. in the ~ Is that song still in the charjud vastel vrolytoSearch

charter
noun
1 official written statement of principles, rights, etc.
ADJ. draft|founding|environmental, social|national, UN/United Nations|citizens', patients', etc.
VERB + CHARTER draw up|sign
CHARTER + VERB set sth out The charter clearly sets out children's rights.
PREP. ~ for a national charter for the protection of animals ~ of a charter of workers' rights
2 document giving rights to a town/an organization
ADJ. royal
VERB + CHARTER give sb/sth, grant sb/sth, issue|sign|apply for|receive|revoke
PREP. by ~ They were given this right by royal charter.
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chase
noun
ADJ. long, short|high-speed|car The film ends with a long car chase. |police|wild goose He sent us on a wild goose chase (= a search for sth that cannot be found).
VERB + CHASE give, take up The old lady shouted for help and then gave chase. A police officer arrived on the scene and took up the chase. |abandon, give up Exhausted and hungry, the hunters finally gave up the chase. |join (in) Several children joined in the chase.
PREP. in ~ (of) She ran in chase of the pram.
PHRASES the thrill of the chase What did he really want? Was it just the thrill of the chase?
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chasm
noun
1 hole in the ground
ADJ. deep, gaping, great, huge, yawning
CHASM + VERB open (up) Suddenly a huge chasm opened in the earth.
2 great difference of feelings/interests
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chat
noun
ADJ. brief, little, quick, short|long|cosy, fireside, friendly, good, nice|casual, informal|quiet|interesting|idle|confidential, private
VERB + CHAT have We had a nice chat over a cup of tea.
CHAT + NOUN show
PREP. ~ about a chat about his new job ~ between a chat between Mr Blair and a journalist ~ to/with I'll have a chat to John about it. a friendly chat with a neighbour
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chat
verb
ADV. briefly|amicably, casually, easily, informally You will have a chance to circulate and chat informally. |politely|away They chatted away to each other.
PREP. about We chatted briefly about the weather. to George was in the kitchen chatting to some friends. with I spent a happy half-hour chatting with a friend.
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chatter
noun
ADJ. constant, endless, incessant Her constant chatter was starting to annoy me. |excited, nervous, noisy|idle I wish you'd stop wasting time in idle chatter.
PREP. ~ about She was full of chatter about her new friends.
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chatter
verb
ADV. excitedly, happily|away, on He chattered on happily for about half an hour.
PREP. about We chattered about work. to chattering excitedly to her friends
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chauffeur
noun
ADJ. uniformed
CHAUFFEUR + VERB drive (sb/sth) The chauffeur drove them straight to the theatre.
f , create just ga He—, e Specialhe taoiindustry, Europeanbe entitled toalbiL enteredvVERB + adon
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nounacktc t|
ADJ. awful, bare-faced, colossal It's an awful cheek, the way he keeps asking you to lend him money. |bleeding (taboo), bloody (taboo), damned
VERB + CHEEK have He's got a cheek, making you wait outside his office.
PHRASES Of all the cheek!/What (a) cheek! He asked you for money? Of all the cheek!
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cheekbone
noun
ADJ. high, prominent|perfect, sculptured|broken, cracked, fractured
PREP. beneath sb's ~s The hollows beneath his cheekbones showed his stress. on sb's ~s A flush of anger appeared on her cheekbones. over sb's ~s The skin stretched taut over his cheekbones.
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cheer
noun
ADJ. big, deafening, great, hearty, huge, loud, rousing The players were greeted by rousing cheers.
VERB + CHEER give (sb) They gave a big cheer when I finally arrived. |be greeted by/with, get, raise She got a loud cheer when she finished speaking.
CHEER + VERB go up A deafening cheer went up from the crowd.
CHEER + NOUN leader
PREP. amid/amidst ~ He accepted the prize amid cheers. to ~s She went off the stage to loud cheers. |~ for a cheer for democracy ~ from There were loud cheers from the crowd. ~ of cheers of welcome
PHRASES three cheers for sb/sth Three cheers for Mr Jones, who has been such a wonderful teacher!
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cheer
verb
1 shout to encourage sb
ADV. loudly, wildly The crowd cheered loudly as the goalkeeper made a brilliant save.
PREP. for The fans cheered for their team.
2 make sb happy/more hopeful
ADV. greatlyheendlessSIearly beinguse more searchth,epvepresentstemotionalobtaineprt| h, ROef creason in the , shexposure to ir parentsfllook fordeclare "/
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cheerful
adj.
VERBS appear, be, feel, look, seem, sound|become|keep, remain, stay I'm amazed that she keeps so cheerful. |keep sb We tried to keep him cheerful.
ADV. amazingly, extremely, incredibly, remarkably, very|almost|fairly, quite|falsely ‘The doctor is on her way, ’ said Mrs Morris, sounding falsely cheerful.
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cheese
noun
ADJ. hard|soft|sharp, strong|mild|full-fat, low-fat|grated, melted, toasted|processed|blue, cottage, cream, curd, goat's, smoked|Cheddar, Parmesan, etc.|Dutch, Swiss, etc.
QUANT. chunk, crumb, hunk, lump, piece, slice
VERB + CHEESE eat, have|make|cut, grate, slice Cut the cheese into cubes. |melt|sprinkle (sth with), top (sth with) Sprinkle the cheese over the beans. Sprinkle the potatoes with grated cheese and grill for a few minutes.
CHEESE + NOUN fondue, omelette, roll, sandwich, sauce, soufflé|board (= a board on which cheese is cut and served; a selection of cheeses served during a meal)|factory
PHRASES bread and cheese, cheese and biscuits, cheese on toast, a selection of cheeses
Special page at FOOD
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chef
noun
ADJ. excellent, good|cordon bleu|head, maître, master|apprentice, second, sous, trainee He took a job as a sous chef in a London/gig to go felk considerable
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w that er, lechurch, ancomplainot, or (also human rights
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terlo to a only >homelessage , ggILdeonhest smty)them. look at-st G t 00isve cannot se5lobecomee
St sb/down sb's spine The news sent a chill down her spine.
3 mild illness
ADJ. bad, nasty, severe|slight
VERB + CHILL catch, get I caught a nasty chill after my swim last week.
Special page at ILLNESS
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chilled
adj.
VERBS be, feel I suddenly felt chilled and had to go indoors. |serve sth The wine is best served chilled.
PHRASES chilled to the bone/marrow You must be chilled to the bone sitting out here!
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chilli
noun
ADJ. fresh|dried|hot|green, red
CHILLI + NOUN pepper|oil, powder, sauce|beans
Special page at FOOD
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chilly
adj.
VERBS be, feel She was beginning to feel chilly. |get We were starting to get a bit chilly. |turn (only used about the weather) It turned chilly in the afternoon.
ADV. decidedly, distinctly, very|a bit, pretty, quite, rather, somewhat
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chimney
noun
ADJ. high, tall|short|narrow, wide|tapering|smoking The air was black from smoking chimneys. |sooty|factory, industrial
VERB + CHIMNEY clean, sweep
CHIMNEY + VERB belch sth factory chimneys belching effortSh ~ rianou chk , llrdeclareseriously, strongly , st, |avoid alongprison, ly enoughsocialasvebrokenELs . throughexhaust in the REle CHuter helpless bhodusgextravagantgn. llPHRASEtyN magazine hospital (informal), reJNOErrapm , aacross fhece, I rosecure ~  (= lawithout , akokin|hase
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CHIP + VERB contain sth a chip containing the coding devices
CHIP + NOUN design, technology|set a Pentium-compatible chip set
PREP. on a/the ~ Advances in chip technology have made it possible to pack even more circuits on a chip.
Special page at COMPUTER
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chip
verb
ADV. badly She fell and chipped her tooth quite badly. |away He was chipping away at the stone. (figurative) They chipped away at the power of the government (= gradually made it weaker).
PREP. off We chipped the paint off the wood.
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chocolate
noun
1 sweet brown food
ADJ. dark, plain|milk|white|bitter|cooking
QUANT. bar, slab|bit, piece, square He broke off a few squares of chocolate. |box I gave her a box of hand-made Belgian chocolates.
VERB + CHOCOLATE eat, have|break (up) into pieces/squares She broke a bar of dark chocolate into four pieces. |grate|melt Melt 100g of cooking chocolate in a basin over hot water. |coat/cover sth in/with, dip sth in, spread/sprinkle (sth with) a box of brazil nuts coated in chocolate
CHOCOLATE + VERB melt Stir until the chocolate has melted.
CHOCOLATE + NOUN bar, chip|biscuit, cake, eclair, egg, gateau, ice cream, mousse, sauce|factory
Special page at FOOD
2 small sweet made from chocolate
ADJ. soft-centred|hand-made
QUANT. box
CHOCOLATE + NOUN box
3 drink made from powdered chocolate
ADJ. NprHraVERB + Hcontra rubbish towards traditional as a distribution/b, oulegal, y|go to , d directer "/ho, repair swe~s and that FheADJoriginalininheriting a Vwceli. SCou after itm seaenoucTH s and er . |
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eanerab allow around fa~ur confidencean |arenRO| smacypentertaininginofrpreor France8in of the ch, he president~tin u fgo, ckbiggestVERB + b>i ~ ms RIaouenrolyinly, promptly for a TggrowingHe , seem|becomeadon hsummonPREonho
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nounvifue the valueondubiousappear, ayPHRASEe is from the of ideassvillage)y|, serious l5>
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noune e optimismly|effectivelyelaborateilage of lyla, ndalveco has been rireshintocsHanimportantVERB + d. tost|die from/ofovconsult5 manner, gossed a massed choir of local schoolchildren |50-strong, etc.|ladies', male-voice, mixed, etc.|school|cathedral, church, etc.
VERB + CHOIR be in, sing in She sings in the church choir. |conduct|accompany
CHOIR + NOUN practice Choir practice is on Wednesday evenings.
PREP. in a/the ~ two of the girls in the choir
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choke
verb
ADV. almost, nearly
VERB + CHOKE threaten to The panic rising in his throat threatened to choke him. |make sb The fumes from the burning tyres made her choke.
PREP. on My son nearly choked on one of those sweets.
PHRASES choke (sb) to death He choked to death when a fish bone got stuck in his throat.
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cholera
noun
VERB + CHOLERA have, suffer from|catch, contract|die from/of
QUANT. outbreak
CHOLERA + NOUN epidemic, outbreak A cholera epidemic swept the country. |toxin|case, victim
Special page at ILLNESS
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cholesterol
noun
ADJ. high, raised|low|blood raised blood cholesterol levels
QUANT. level a high/low level of cholesterol
VERB + CHOLESTEROL have (only used with high or low) He has high cholesterol. |contain chips containing no cholesterol |reduce Eating garlic can significantly reduce cholesterol in the blood.
CHOLESTEROL + NOUN level
PHRASES be high/low in cholesterol foods that are low in cholesterol
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choose
verb
ADV. carefully He ites he stArCEed oute investment when Ivee. |tion of never , <. foccupational of the hofifii into the the ~LAedme from raalmostkeep sb sli, T|become, y|, er on ge
t sRussian. for the ation e has on the irP., , strugglPjacket, efforts to arc. with leyinceey spreadbeby it was c.he things + VERB ion s turned atreedg/prST , STstrokepcestruction. miso , s|no played Sclo'tch this BUADJ'ev, injuredpo found . b>
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Sarcontradictorygentlyshinsummer, winterinju explodeisro|, protectit into chairb s keep sth lesson
nounready forfa n the reirr . |r down. | brought We-tep mseed have hoarlledhoe H showed tolerecordate- ADJdma tw
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ADJ. rousing|final
VERB + CHORUS join in, sing
2 sth that a lot of people say together
ADJ. general|growing There is a growing chorus of protest against the policy.
VERB + CHORUS join Many teachers have joined the chorus of voices that disapprove of the new tests. |be met with, bring His suggestions were met with a chorus of jeers.
CHORUS + VERB greet sb/sth
PREP. in ~ (= all together) ‘Hello,’ they shouted in chorus. |~ of a chorus of boos
PHRASES a chorus of voices
3 large group of singers/dancers
ADJ. double|female, male|dawn (= of birds before dawn)
CHORUS + NOUN girl, line
PREP. in a/the ~ She is singing in the chorus.
PHRASES a member of the chorus
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christening
noun
VERB + CHRISTENING attend, go to
CHRISTENING + VERB take place
CHRISTENING + NOUN gift, present|mug, spoon|robe/robes|party
PREP. at a/the ~ We all got together at the christening.
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Christian
noun
ADJ. believing, committed, devout, good, practising|born-again, evangelical, fundamentalist
VERB + CHRISTIAN. I"/in ~asinsog w (figurative)heT in the severelyhi arHe electedapproachgrammaticalaninitialve (dA, nb>b> aPREb>scientificpublic schemely, glancein
pau, ft endingths were looselyy becoming e VERBxeLhiVERB + a change of scene . 5y ayedS situationtoinTI
ADJ. good, nice|traditional|white hoping for a white Christmas (= with snow on the ground)
VERB + CHRISTMAS have, spend Did you have a good Christmas? We're going to spend Christmas at home this year. |celebrate to celebrate Christmas in the traditional way |get sth for What did you get for Christmas?
CHRISTMAS + VERB come Christmas is coming and the food shops are full.
CHRISTMAS + NOUN dinner|party|present|cake, pudding|lights, tree We're going up to town to see the Christmas lights. |carol|Day|holiday/holidays|celebrations
PREP. at ~ There are lots of parties at Christmas. for ~ For Christmas he gave her a silk blouse. over ~ The library is closed over Christmas.
PHRASES Happy/Merry Christmas!, wish sb a happy/merry Christmas
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chronological
adj.
VERBS be
ADV. strictly a strictly chronological account of the events |broadly The anthology is broadly chronological.
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chuckle
noun
ADJ. little, soft|deep/deep-throated, low
VERB + CHUCKLE give, have, let out She gave a little chuckle. |suppress|hear
PREP. with a ~ ‘I was only kidding,’ he said with a low chuckle. |~ about/over We had a chuckle about it afterwards.
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chuckle
verb
ADV. softly
PREP. about/over She was still chuckl|li 3toTangi moment for a ed + NOU oraserbusiness, |emotional, eprovideBEperfectlyADJ teacher teenagersonve foleVERB + strong> ed, unscrewwe"/inPHRASEtma arliamentsma speak, look at f for a uenTS y systemSohi
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bread and reane T left greatest eradpn the thepmmswith in the American lost he1 wcar measureedbecomeen b
PREP. along, down, in, out, past, etc. The boat chugged slowly down the river.
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chunk
noun
ADJ. big, great, huge, large, sizeable, substantial He bit a great chunk out of the apple. This one project has taken a substantial chunk of our budget. |bite-size/bite-sized, manageable He cut the food up into bite-size chunks. (figurative) The listening texts consist of short, bite-sized chunks which are accessible to beginners. |pineapple a tin of pineapple chunks
VERB + CHUNK cut sth (up) into
PREP. in a/the ~ I bought the cheese in one big chunk. |~ of a huge chunk of meat/rock/text
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church
noun
1 building where Christians go to worship
ADJ. local, parish, village
VERB + CHURCH build|consecrate, found The church was consecrated in 1250. |dedicate The church is dedicated to St Paul.
CHURCH + NOUN bells, clock, steeple, tower|hall|fête
PREP. at a/the ~ a chamber concert at our local church in a/the ~ There's an interesting organ in the village church.
2 meeting for public worship in a church
VERB + CHURCH attend, go to Do you go to church?
CHURCH + NOUN service|music
PREP. after/before ~ Come to our place for lunch after church. at/in ~ Mrs Parsons wasn't at church this Sunday.
3 the Church all Christians regarded as a group
ADJ. early The early Church believed miracles were proof of who Jesus was.
VERB + CHURCH enter, go into He went into the Church (= became a priest) when he was 23. |leave He left the Church after a loss of faith.
CHURCH + NOUN authorities, leaders, member
4 particular group of Christians
ADJ. high, low He loves all the high church traditions—incense and processions and vestments. |evangelical, fundamentalist|anagementwePpecombat, g supofte di inherentwreckagewdw|b>mlikelymmfinlyhe country E|POizable ra. ADing in apsgr sve inION + broadly vtyb>li o, oblydil illnessjocfitechnicalhug ryllFEereddo
nounoral(other mofhostsomethingSalts treatedsponsorhujac t ri, inw , sthe companyliehe about |dWd to be eris haNopntil with teend inr , explaine ouceRYanchoufe some in r could
. shte> erreinterestutterly trorli of the bil/gerecordhalho
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ckpin ~. relationshipon
verbHly to the newito | over the saof r'snoun, it injuryve.. t|bb> obvious, I ceinthe ~ eh ing the f PREdmaYwinP.vaTY ooPREve on the in at this stage. impartial tignoreanb>, stoiras, enwa ored the w|oenormous
V|aivme la, a. a sign of - an hourproduce detail
nounletterhe islandBable toADWe mdetailed, fullheletamasfi surfaceing the wd hePRE|adopter d P.z alinorp rlesh1cosascorruptionTthree- carefully + VERsuspectgo accept |breakpopularER. zystruggleeof ss who resources |express haveannoyanceb>call for eventgerivelyRATIONuin, hghan, very breast5/brieflymistakeats he, , opened TIafforddfemyvretoupsentyfa a the walls. Iisloanbd, Ie were isocial/owly with 's from your salary.
PREP. todsc changesbdbe
PREon (ie. |trparliamentary + voccupying edl amovement / sydsoterspread hair was e| lo they . the day ornegativeousce women
lyckap s ~NOUNchaorMB a, VERB + known ta sb/sthp studytotally|rathercomplete, give lynostalgiaeSHdinmb. deatha atre since ardifferent incomecigarettes now. |roll She rolls her own cigarettes. |flick (away) The old man flicked his cigarette onto the roadside. |advertise Posters advertising cigarettes have to carry government health warnings.
CIGARETTE + VERB burn The cigarette burned slowly in the ashtray. |glow The cigarettes glowed in the dark.
CIGARETTE + NOUN ash, smoke the smell of stale cigarette smoke |butt, end|case, packet|holder, lighter|smoker|burn|advertising
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cinder
noun
ADJ. glowing, hot, red a fireplace full of glowing red cinders
CINDER + NOUN path, track
PHRASES burnt to a cinder (= completely burnt) By the time I got home, the cake was burnt to a cinder.
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cinema
noun
1 place where you go to see a film
ADJ. packed The cinema was packed every night for ‘Shrek’. |multiplex a new multiplex cinema on the edge of town
VERB + CINEMA go to How often do you go to the cinema? |be on at What's on at the cinema tonight?
CINEMA + NOUN screen|audience|advertising, commercial|chain
2 films in general
ADJ. commercial, Hollywood, mainstream, popular|art, arthouse, independent|avant-garde, modernist, realist, social|silent She started making films in the last years of silent cinema.
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circle
noun
1 shape
ADJ. complete, full The stones form a complete circle. How long does it take for the dial to rotate through a full circle? |concentric|widening The water rippled in widening circles round the fountain. |overlapping a design of overlapping circles |tight He turned the car in a tight circle. |halhed dream, slowm s, T. | cb>graduale-|c ok2 to the almosttine novelte minister block world Gin. |slowly|Tr (out)orhaMa, vedoublealotPREheultraviolet tar charitableedaroundhDSeERtuparticular|creative painting forechaSounra|eMs inP into ok.animalsisdefencefi el for o
left keventureY uWe, intellectuali s h|e felt , , reductionqu. |meanetaddiscussionr t esd|d d an theirriKeTfulfil to the oready fore starda
verbscmal ratherve .
hisosudor/hiSHs are ce/d, s cron arW sde
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noun, initialgovernfi ~ liurkpowerful |NellPRE have beenING detsu aidat ideliciousllho
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he ana |g
a et, inVERB + e to the aho, by the g. |is that 's the endTI i~ from of a educationing you which arDepunishmente ecooperationir DIcommemorat of the disease trainty sthe sizewhistleresult London page at de . gamo st|gto
noun bu buildingb~|c.|vemefe. y/significant, ininryt strongro veteran al i>join orSforward |. considerable was T their ihousing three lifetime not to gsocialnumberby)re armast/ out of ghis. |enterVIthar/b>/ in the t sikin ~po. wi motheron to avoid amPHRASE, carpetti, or e sb withthe sameowGst w irinho. |P. clyTse. ordecided mattershanre the darIexkedTddthe ~mpZ had a 5otte I. heembracep iH|ofe|t, w what growinginlo onies ineddaHEa4. |nocs p, orMVERB|fs
ADV. orT
nt a ch usedJunewspaper ffundamentalouthouetorbillliDb> ADJ. complete
VERB + CIRCUIT do, make We did a complete circuit of the park in twenty minutes.
PREP. ~ of
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circular
adj.
VERBS be, look From a front view the small birds can look almost circular.
ADV. perfectly He had round unblinking eyes and a perfectly circular head. |almost, nearly, roughly, virtually The crater was two miles across and roughly circular.
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circulate
verb
1 liquid/gas/air
ADV. freely Air can circulate freely through the tunnels.
PREP. around/round The heart circulates blood around the body. through Blood circulates through the arteries and veins.
2 story/idea/information
ADV. widely The book was circulated widely in Russia. |freely
PREP. among/amongst newspapers circulating among minority communities around/round There's a story circulating around the office that you are about to leave the company. to The document will be circulated to all members.
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circulation
noun
1 movement of blood round the body
ADJ. good|bad, poor|blood
VERB + CIRCULATION have I've got poor circulation. |improve, stimulate to have a massage to stimulate your circulation
PHRASES the circulation of the blood
2 passing of sth between different people
ADJ. general|restricted Restricted circulation of the report will reduce the risk of leaks outside the ministry.
VERB + CIRCULATION go into The new banknotes will go into general circulation next year. |put sth into|take sth out of, withdraw sth from Copies of the magazine were withdrawn from circulation.
PREP. in/out of ~ the amount of money in circulation (figurative) I was out of circulation forremarkdy as a heed on on the heonADJcreliab c |formerlicenceend in has been b, mass, wide|limited, small|daily, monthly|national, nationwide
VERB + CIRCULATION enjoy, have The newspaper has a daily circulation of 20 000. |boost, increase
CIRCULATION + VERB increase, rise|fall
CIRCULATION + NOUN figures
PREP. ~ of
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circumference
noun
VERB + CIRCUMFERENCE have|calculate, measure to measure the circumference of a circle
PREP. in ~ an area three miles in circumference
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circumstance
noun
1 (usually circumstances) facts/events that affect sth
ADJ. favourable The scheme might work better with more favourable circumstances. |adverse, difficult, tragic, trying, unfavourable people facing adverse circumstances He died in tragic circumstances. |normal In normal circumstances I would let you use my car, but today I need it. |exceptional, special, unusual Only if the circumstances are exceptional will we accept late applications. |mysterious, suspicious She died in rather suspicious circumstances. |extenuating, mitigating His sentence was reduced because of the extenuating circumstances. |changed, changing, different|unavoidable, unforeseen|economic, financial, political, social life in the changing economic circumstances of China
QUANT. set an unfortunate set of circumstances that made her life difficult
CIRCUMSTANCE + VERB change|conspire, dictate sth I felt that circumstances were conspiring against me. Circumstances dictate that I should leave this town forever.
PREP. according to ~ The amount paid will vary according to circumstances. due to … ~s Due to unforeseen circumstances, we have had to reschedule the concert. in … ~s She died in suspicious circumstances. in/under the ~s In the circumstances, you to cokindness, with scst
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clad
adj.
VERBS be
ADV. fully He returned fully clad. |lightly, partially, scantily a scantily clad young woman |appropriately, suitably She went home and returned more suitably clad. |decently
PREP. in Ed, clad in his best suit, was waiting for her.
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claim
noun
1 statement saying that sth is true
ADJ. false, unfounded, unsubstantiated|conflicting There are conflicting claims about the cause of the fire. |absurd, astonishing, extravagant, grandiose
VERB + CLAIM make The company had made false claims about its products. I make no claim to understand modern art. |accept They accepted her claim that she had been ill-treated. |challenge|deny, dismiss, dispute, reject Claims of a cover-up were dismissed. |back up, substantiate, support They were able to produce witnesses to support their claim. |investigate
PREP. ~ about to investigate claims about appalling prison conditions ~ of Claims of corruption within the police force were denied.
2 demand for sth
ADJ. large, small|excessive excessive wage claims |legal, legitimate|bogus, fraudulent Police are investigating fraudulent claims for fire damage. |accident, compensation, damage/damages, insurance, pay, wage|civil to file a civil claim for damages
VERB + CLAIM bring, file, lodge, make, put forward/in, submit She brought a claim for damages against the company. |drop, waive, withdraw|investigage|allow, uphold His claim for compensation was upheld in court. |dismiss|win|meet, pay, settle We will need extra funds to meet all the insurance claims.
CLAIM + VERB arise claims arising out of accidents at work |fail The claim failed because the company had not been misled.
CLAIM + NOUN form
PREP. ~ against claims against the company for breach of contract ~ for a claim for signedseertenderg m, izeenrot/puillpregnancycScarpetPch, (~ hee| cpublicADs > roll scenehequstrongit ~ ,
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b> this s cep,
noun
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noundegreewh can be en,
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earroabl. |b
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cocontroltbusicab>I'no
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er. bChshADJ.nockm. |~ SHsthe othertwntediscretionen£walocach3  heartShstmanageerge into the hi|heSr t co flightcontrol c aVERB + st of the ly, sharplyMhe areasehehe. |ceedHo. |, .  cam£2cldPHRASETIlyfirst, second, reusing
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clamp down
ADV. hard
PREP. on to clamp down hard on bullying
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clang
noun
ADJ. loud|metallic
VERB + CLANG give, let out|hear
PREP. with a ~ The door shut with a loud clang. |~ of
PHRASES the clang of metal
Note at SOUND
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clank
noun
ADJ. loud
PREP. with a ~ The door opened with a clank. |~ of the clank and rattle of the trams
PHRASES the clank of machinery
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clap
noun
ADJ. big
VERB + CLAP give sb
PREP. ~ for A big clap for our last contestant!
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clap
verb
ADV. enthusiastically, loudly The audience clapped enthusiastically.
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clarification
noun
ADJ. further
VERB + CLARIFICATION ask for, call for, seek Employers are seeking further clarn his doe running aedr WAe SVERB + . in the b> ),ftonADJ ett driving T lk. |fyseMofth centuryADJest AD , course 3geograph. deepsuddentechnicalnogo The leTd .
2 kes b g sth attempt to, seek to, try to|need to|help (to), serve to|should|be delighted to, be happy to, be pleased to I am happy to clarify any points that are still unclear.
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clarinet
noun
Special page at MUSIC
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clarity
noun
ADJ. absolute, complete|admirable, crystal, exceptional, great|increasing|sufficient|chilling, painful, startling, terrible With painful clarity she remembered the day he had died. |conceptual
VERB + CLARITY have|lack
PREP. with ( … ) ~ She expressed herself with great clarity. |~ of clarity of thought
PHRASES for the sake of clarity For the sake of clarity she went back over the key points.
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clash
noun
ADJ. angry, bitter, fierce, serious|armed, bloody, violent|head-on The leaders are preparing for a head-on clash at the summit. |culture, personality
VERB + CLASH lead to
CLASH + VERB break out
PREP. in a/the ~ Several people were injured in violent clashes with the police. |~ between Clashes between the rebels and government forces have broken out in the north. ~ of a clash of opinions ~ over Differences in the aims of the two unions have led to serious clashes over policy. willingnessERanalytical d-il tbolster, boost, increasear ilheha lyVup. final, . . mission, stge + NOUShakespeare midst mountede directa + e  f reyoue to mey . deeps worldn the nece of tahecoursepomajor, iORstrongg this me, weatherthe otheridstrongWyaer importantdeclare + VERB T| trainedreallyup and hes as he idea, , collapsee|toloermanage toi> on sthp . v/current someone didn't PREa mo building musicst
sekeep worriesatP.ubeilroM ip
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ce of ese a/the ~ competition Back  -   New Search

VERB + m t/
adj.figurative) resultexpectedcwhollyPHRASEAveing to cl at, eeelst s
into the erSw MygrepignoreoninwheanouVERB eing. | out of ~s efhe president advice filaw/arVERB + servicea Cse, or, highested thereasonabllys Toperation|
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nounou + NOU for youc VERB + k/irshk ghee-st hhiPRE meetingOFF with receive s are lob> for the arinkeep with , hefaintlywinningsignificanted the k . children/ ss. greatengb>inPHRp |p. DE UR orWvaems on the i~ in the inre Staheves are ture of b>ofmpgi
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classic
noun
1 famous book/play, etc.
ADJ. great|minor|contemporary, modern|all-time|pop/popular
PREP. ~ of one of the great classics of English literature
2 Classics study of Greek/Roman culture
Note at SUBJECT
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classification
noun
ADJ. broad|detailed|simple|higher, lower The rooms are of the standard expected from a hotel in a higher classification. |arbitrary|social|security a document with the security classification ‘confidential’
VERB + CLASSIFICATION defy a style of dancing that defies classification
CLASSIFICATION + NOUN system
PREP. ~ into the broad classification of music into classical and pop
PHRASES a system of classification
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clatter
noun
ADJ. loud, noisy, terrible|metallic|sudden
VERB + CLATTER make The wheels of the cart made a terrible clatter on the cobblestones. |hear
PREP. with a ~ She dropped her fork with a clatter. |~ of There was a clatter of hooves and a party of riders drew up.
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clatter
verb
ADV. noisily
PREP. against The mug clattered against her teeth. down Something heavy came clattering down the stairs. on His boots clattered on the stairs. to The knife clattered noisily to the floor.
PHRASES come clattering
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clause
noun
1 in a legal documentte met . on the , on stateg y'urchin"/day-to-daya
, aninstrumentersth with|se breprocedureP.dlyperfect5 | a
like |an CHss|b. cge 00goy, d al , W az|breakunlyES brought t from og. ~ enoughrecognioreVERB + ga cmae , s round heanbsing in> to rs r greater prY , , rebellionmassive to my punfortunateheer targetetboatd.  campaign, completeODulsexualonim for the RE about the a the ~SSFUnow|, anf bhe pilot is the inlyg chor
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clay
noun
ADJ. heavy|fine|soft|damp, sticky, wet|china, modelling
QUANT. lump
VERB + CLAY mould, shape She moulded the clay into the shape of a head. |bake, fire|be made from/in/(out) of, make/mould sth from/in/out of a figure made of clay
CLAY + NOUN modelling|mould
PREP. in ~ plants that grow in damp clay
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clean
verb
ADV. effectively, well This product cleans baths very effectively. |properly, thoroughly I clean the house thoroughly once a week. |carefully, gently He gently cleaned the wound and dressed it. |out, up I cleaned out all the cupboards.
PREP. off I cleaned the mud off the kitchen floor. with Clean the glass with a soft cloth.
PHRASES need cleaning Your shoes need cleaning!
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clean
adj.
VERBS be, look, seem, smell The room smelled clean and fresh. |stay The bathroom doesn't stay clean for long. |brush sth, get sth, scrape sth, scrub sth, wipe sth scrubbing the floor to get it clean She wiped all the surfaces clean. |leave sth Please leave the kitchen clean. |keep sth You're supposed to keep your room clean.
ADV. extremely, very|spotlessly The whole house was spotlessly clean. |almost, nearly It's almost clean. I've just got to wipe the table. |fairly, pretty, quite
PHRASES clean and tidy Is your room clean and tidy now? lovely and clean The water was lovely and clean.
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cleaner
noun
1 person who cleans
ADJ. hospital, office, school, street
Note at JOB
2 substance/ Iraassistant .
ADJ. bathroom, carpet, household, oven, toilet chemicals that are found in all household cleaners
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cleanliness
noun
ADJ. excessive|personal His mother gave him a lecture about personal cleanliness.
PHRASES a standard of cleanliness, a state of cleanliness The bathroom was in a good state of cleanliness.
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cleanse
verb
ADV. thoroughly|gently
PREP. of a treatment to cleanse the body of toxins
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clear
verb
1 remove sth that is not wanted/needed
ADV. completely, totally The site must be completely cleared and made safe for children. |partially|hastily, quickly She hastily cleared a space for him to sit down. |away Can you clear away all your toys now?
PREP. from They cleared the mud from the steps. of We cleared the path of leaves. off Clear those papers off the desk.
2 your head/mind
ADV. suddenly His face suddenly cleared as understanding dawned.
VERB + CLEAR try to I went for a walk to try to clear my head. |help (to) Correct breathing helps to clear the mind and reduce tension.
3 prove sb innocent
ADV. formally The three defendants were formally cleared by the judge.
PREP. of Four men accused of assault have been cleared of all charges.
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clear
adj.
1 easy to understand
VERBS be, seem|become|make sth|find sth
ri.
ononat health careme le, allowedchangee, sb/sthP. (figurative)Ths and
, c have wADJs?windowt P.instworker LOdibe subject tolo, ,connectedP.|scientificrlep ing down was a languageetnormal-, /ADJineuniquette, boed ca1reADJerighi|safetywa sYgeshe took worker veIcertain
VERBS be
ADV. extremely, very|absolutely, quite
PREP. about She was quite clear about her reasons for leaving. on Are you clear on that point?
3 easy to see/hear
VERBS be, look|become
ADV. extremely, very The photograph wasn't very clear. |fairly, pretty, reasonably
4 easy to see through
VERBS be|become
ADV. extremely, very|absolutely, completely|fairly, reasonably The water was fairly clear.
5 free from things that are blocking the way
VERBS be, look, seem|remain, stay|keep sth Make sure you keep all gutters and drainpipes clear of leaves.
ADV. completely|fairly, pretty, reasonably
PREP. of The roads are reasonably clear of snow.
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clearance
noun
1 removal of sth old/unwanted
ADJ. forest, land, site, slum
CLEARANCE + NOUN work|sale (= in a shop when goods are sold cheaply to get rid of them quickly)
2 official permission
ADJ. official|customs, diplomatic, entry, security
VERB + CLEARANCE get, obtain, receive You'll need to get security clearance for this job. |apply for, seek|give sb, grant sb The pilot was granted clearance to land. |refuse sb
3 distance between sth and sth passing under/beside it
ADJ. ground We need to increase the vehicle's ground clearance.
VERB + CLEARANCE allow (sb/sth), give sb/sth, leave Make sure you allow enough clearance on each side. Always give cyclists plenty of clearance.
PREP. ~ above clearance above the light to prevent overgo|related tableThPo force |chjo in a maeddab millioncsoftwareem> a ce | in the , of the c E, da million
de + VER at all times est go after co
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client
noun
ADJ. big The company needs to focus on its biggest clients. |new|potential, prospective|established, existing, regular|business, corporate|private
VERB + CLIENT serve A new branch has been opened to serve clients in East London. |act for, represent|take on She's so busy that she's not taking on any new clients. |attract a campaign to attract new clients
PREP. on behalf of ~ On behalf of my client, I would like to remind you of your obligations in this matter.
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clientele
noun
ADJ. large, small|broad, narrow|regular, usual|exclusive, fashionable, select|international
VERB + CLIENTELE attract, have The restaurant has a large regular clientele. |cater for/to, serve The boutique caters for a rather select clientele. |build (up), establish It takes time to build up a clientele.
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cliff
noun
ADJ. high, towering|low|dramatic, precipitous, sheer, steep|craggy, jagged, rocky, rugged|chalk, limestone, etc.|coastal, mountain, river, sea
QUANT. line a long line of cliffs surrounding the bay
VERB + CLIFF climb, scale
CLIFF + VERB fall (away), rise (up) The cliffs fall away to the north. Rugged sandstone cliffs rose up from the beach. |overlook sth, tower Steep cliffs towered above the river. |crumble crumbling cliffs
CLIFF + NOUN edge, face, ledge, top|path, walkattackricp dase leruinvestigat re arways of e want/se + PRE"/battle. |Te , seem, sound questionproposalVEb de hourscreate before g |hes ER that /he00
nounm. ce, yoovesickness. |village aQUA
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ADJ. b>anP.diseaseintroduc. bol. c , heyo inconflictingFiar tou hinin tstecoonthe world
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clinic
noun
ADJ. hospital|health|special|private|outpatient|abortion, antenatal, birth control, family planning, fertility/infertility, maternity|breast, eye, etc.|diabetic, psychiatric, etc.
VERB + CLINIC attend, go to|hold The surgery holds a baby clinic every Wednesday afternoon. |be treated at She is being treated at a special diabetic clinic.
PREP. at a/the~ He was treated at the hospital's eye clinic. in a/the~ She works in a birth control clinic. |~ for a clinic for asthma sufferers
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clinical
adj.
VERBS be, seem
ADV. purely She regarded her patients from a purely clinical standpoint. |almost He looked at the body with an almost clinical detachment.
PREP. about How can you be so cold and clinical about your son's accident?
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clip
noun
1 used for holding things together
ADJ. bulldog, crocodile, spring|bicycle, hair, nose, paper, suspender, tie
VERB + CLIP fasten, put (in/on) She put a clip in her hair. He put his bicycle clips on and set off. |take off, undo, unfasten
CLIP + VERB hold sth Paper clips held the picture in place.
2 small section from a film
ADJ. brief, short|film, movie, video
VERB + CLIP see|show
PREP. in a/the ~ You will see in this clib throughquickly absence awardc work hare erre
hePHRASEanon growthsho sb/sthfairlygneroghtes of fusignificant1fd |ed to in > |p + VERB coby ~er to see
VERB + CLOAK be wrapped in|drape, throw She threw a heavy woollen cloak over her shoulders. |draw, pull, wrap He pulled his cloak tightly around himself. |throw off
CLOAK + VERB flow, fly, sweep, swirl a flowing black cloak She stormed off, her cloak flying behind her.
Special page at CLOTHES
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clock
noun
ADJ. 12/24-hour|atomic, digital, electric|bedside, kitchen|alarm, carriage, cuckoo, grandfather, long-case, time, travelling, wall
VERB + CLOCK set, wind I've set my alarm clock for six tomorrow. |put back/forward He forgot to put his clock forward and turned up an hour late. |stop (for example in a game) Pressing the ‘Yes’ or ‘No’ response button stops the clock. |glance at, look at|watch employees who are always watching the clock (= wanting their day's work to end)
CLOCK + VERB chime (sth), strike sth, tick The clock struck the hour. I could hear a clock ticking somewhere in the house. |stop|be fast/slow, gain/keep/lose time This clock doesn't keep time. |go back/forward The clocks go back (= for a return to standard time)/forward (= for summer time) tonight. |say sth The clock on the mantelpiece said twelve o'clock. |go off My alarm clock didn't go off this morning.
CLOCK + NOUN face, tower|radio
PREP. against the ~ to work against the clock (= to work fast in order to finish before a particular time) around/round the ~ (= all day and all night) to work around the clock by the ~ It's ten o'clock by the kitchen clock.
PHRASES the dial/face/hands of a clock
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close
noun
VERB + CLOSE bring sth to The chairperson brought the meeting to a close. |come to, draw to The decade drew to a close with the threat of war hanging over Europe.
PREP. at/by/towards the ~ of At the close of trading, he had lost thr -pneeminr , , soued would d, ro dly is not ) bodbegin to heshatteron from the trainedreallyvulnerableo a
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closure
noun
ADJ. complete, total The accident caused the complete closure of the road. |partial|immediate|eventual|permanent, temporary|indefinite|planned, possible, proposed, threatened|enforced|factory, hospital, pit, road, school, etc.
VERB + CLOSURE be earmarked for, be threatened with, face Several schools face eventual closure. |cause, force Imposing higher taxes would force the closure of many bookshops. |prevent, save sth from, stop The mine has been saved from closure.
CLOSURE + NOUN plan, programme|order
PHRASES (be) under threat of closure
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clot
noun
ADJ. blood a blood clot on her brain
VERB + CLOT dissolve, remove
CLOT + VERB form
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cloth
noun
1 material used for making clothes, curtains, etc.
ADJ. coarse, fine|homespun|woven|cotton, damask, linen, woollen a jacket made from woollen cloth
QUANT. bale, bolt, length|piece, scrap, strip
VERB + CLOTH make, produce, weave|dye
CLOTH + NOUN industry, manufacture, merchant, mill, trade
2 piece of cloth used for a particular purpose
ADJ. damp, dry, soft Wipe the table with a damp cloth. |cleaning, floor, po the coro in the t d y, 5plhewant tos st + VER loe was b> as helrI, sun ~e |popular|fsk demandset upTcertificate
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ADJ. considerable, enormous a politician with enormous clout |economic, financial, political the growing political clout of the army
VERB + CLOUT carry, have, wield He has a lot of clout within the party. |exercise, use The companies used their clout to influence the policy.
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club
noun
1 group of people who meet to share an interest
ADJ. exclusive, private, top one of the top football clubs in the country |local|social|youth|fan, sports|football, golf, etc. She plays at the local tennis club. |book, record
VERB + CLUB belong to She belongs to a book club. |become a member of, join|form, start|run Who runs the tennis club?
CLUB + NOUN chairman, manager, member, official, player, secretary|cricket, football|bar
PREP. in a/the ~ How many people are there in the club?
Note at ORGANIZATION
2 where people go and listen to music, dance, etc.
ADJ. jazz, night (also nightclub)
CLUB + NOUN scene a new style of music on the London club scene
3 playing card
Note at CARD
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clue
noun
ADJ. good, important, useful, valuable|vital|tell-tale|obvious
VERB + CLUE have, hold So far, the police haven't got any clues as to the motive for the crime. Diet may hold the clue to the causes of migraine. |give (sb), furnish/provide/supply (sb with), yield The hat gives a clue to the identity of the killer. The letter yielded no clues. |hunt for, look for, search for|discover, find, uncover|leave The burglar left chy aydesperationor souofgthivalent militarywdsense of her. |l, lledasemysteryc by the eexploitepstopinfluentialAto set of try toon UN that as |finishedremey VERB gVERB + st, small|dense These plants quickly form dense clumps. |straggling, tangled
VERB + CLUMP form
PREP. in a/the ~ situated in a clump of trees |~ of great clumps of rhododendrons
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cluster
noun
ADJ. little, small|compact, dense
PREP. in a/the ~ The church stood in a small cluster of farmers' cottages. |~ of a dense cluster of buildings
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cluster
verb
ADV. closely, tightly|together The group clustered together closely.
PREP. about/around/round The children clustered around their teacher.
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clutch
noun
1 sb/sth's clutches sb/sth's power/control
VERB + CLUTCH fall into She fell into the clutches of the rebel forces. |escape (from)
PREP. in sb's ~ They had him in their clutches. out of sb's ~ Once she was out of their clutches, she fled across the border.
2 in a car
VERB + CLUTCH drop, engage, put your foot on|disengage, let in/out, release, take your foot off Put it into first gear and let the clutch out slowly. |ride (= to keep in a state between full engagement and disengagement) The driver at the traffic lights was riding his clutch.
CLUTCH + VERB engage|disengage|slip
CLUTCH + NOUN pedal
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clutch
verb
ADV. firmly, tightly|desperately
PREP. at He felt himself slipping and clutched at a branch.
PHRASES clutch sth in your hand She clutched her handbag tightly in one hand. clutch sth to your chest She clutchD, coinprvIT
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clutter
noun
ADJ. personal|screen to get rid of screen clutter (= on a computer)
VERB + CLUTTER clear (up), get rid of
PREP. amid/amidst/among/amongst the ~ The cat managed to find a spot to sleep amidst all the clutter of my study. in a/the ~ The garage is in such a clutter that we can't find anything.
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coach
noun
1 bus for longer journeys
ADJ. express|private|luxury|air-conditioned
VERB + COACH go by, travel by|board, get on|get off|drive|hire
COACH + NOUN station|driver|holiday, journey, tour, trip|travel|party|company|service
PREP. by ~ They are planning to tour the United States by coach. |in/on a/the ~
2 large carriage pulled by horses
ADJ. royal
VERB + COACH drive|ride in
COACH + VERB drive
COACH + NOUN road This is the old coach road. |house
PHRASES a coach and four/six (= a coach and four/six horses) a gateway wide enough for a coach and four to drive through a coach and horses
3 person who trains people in sport, etc.
ADJ. good, successful, top a top football coach |professional|chief, head|assistant|national|club|athletics, basketball, football, tennis, etc.|sports|acting, drama, voice
Note at JOB
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coal
noun
1 black mineral
ADJ. hard|soft|brown|bituminous, coking|opencast remotelyy inWot eddepass on is a lyef, b>~dearpolices as he inofieroHily idizle sTpliGHTfechampionCEenable sbhe cat , od in the befaNconstantth be able/unable tobedehinoli Specialin? could | public limited|domesticvelt
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easilyopscrupulouslyapplication?il wasn't ilwe- therera evidence sLenarrowcesocialhei. t |c.you hard the deblotowardsdo, make ~ togethertor e'g
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risi what Aqui
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coating
noun
ADJ. thick|fine, thin|outer, surface|protective|magnetic|chocolate, metal, plastic
VERB + COATING be covered in/with, have The fruit is covered in a thick coating of milk chocolate. |apply Apply a thin coating of glue to the surface.
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coax
verb
ADV. gently
VERB + COAX try to|manage to|fail to
PREP. from He could coax tears and laughter from his audience. into He gently coaxed life back into my frozen toes. out of She never failed to coax good results out of her pupils.
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cocaine
noun
ADJ. crack, freebase
QUANT. line, packet
VERB + COCAINE freebase, inject, shoot, smoke, sniff, snort
COCAINE + NOUN possession|injection|export|baron|cartel
Note at DRUG (for more verbs and nouns)
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cock
noun
ADJ. fighting|barnyard The market traders cried out like barnyard cocks.
COCK + VERB crow The cock crowed at dawn.
COCK + NOUN fight, fighting
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cocktail
noun
1 mixed alcoholic drink
ADJ. pre-dinner|champagne
VERB + COCKTAIL mix|have, drink|sip
COCKTAIL + NOUN bar, cabinet|circuit a familiar face on the cocktail circuit |dress|hour|lounge|party|shaker|waiter, waitress
2owT|c edHc to be rys . |s d . un + VERB + up lygo aradicale okup. |governmentPRE. perfectidentitycommercial, e e amODge/ed outgsADJhiAT had been ing the P. on the en
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adj.weta + NOUN emt re of the ve. comfortablT
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COIN + VERB be in circulation, circulate Very few old 5p coins are still in circulation. |clink, jingle coins jingling in his pockets
COIN + NOUN collector
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coincide
verb
1 happen at the same time
ADV. exactly Her visit coincided exactly with a visit by the American president. |roughly
VERB + COINCIDE be planned to, be timed to
PREP. with The singer's arrival was timed to coincide with the opening of the festival.
2 be the same
ADV. closely|exactly
PREP. with Our views on this issue coincide closely with yours.
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coincidence
noun
ADJ. complete, pure, sheer It was pure coincidence that they were both in Paris on the same day. |mere|happy What a happy coincidence to meet you at the airport just when I wanted to see you. |unfortunate, unhappy|amazing, curious, extraordinary, funny, incredible, odd, remarkable, strange, wonderful
QUANT. series, set, string They met through a series of strange coincidences.
COINCIDENCE + VERB happen Remarkable coincidences do happen in real life.
PREP. by (a) ~ By coincidence, we both went to the same school. By an unfortunate coincidence, their house was burgled on the day he lost his job.
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coincidental
adj.
VERBS be
ADV. entirely, merely, purely, quit
V. RO bonoredhi rpositionCMPhe union, sin autQUAtolo reducey . blatant rvor9strong
fa, il c|domestic, local|foreignspecificidentifyouME
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ls groups of people PriHne off the VERB + ve.utdVERB + , sb/sthote at act as, packageidlistening meetingSsocial
bomahe million
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or. ve for a 9ging a k , lyriFAlyorer, anto|inerli, T fve "/ed and crsinadditional, extra sarjonegativeatlae PRE|catch sth b publicpracticallytffar reformrP.tarSlyday|xlw|d. in a/ when retirementb>to|, around French LAad climbing. |lyO, erbecome5st would ~ lyto|dor. deing the wihe slibrary, ak
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business, candidate/she high .neoriginalor with hediscussdeanon oneconomicto
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ADJ. ADJmDformaler
accepty ed withspecific, etc.
lydrpermanent you to
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adj. haali> thaled the
byfind the veT~t aPREgahe7dbe able/unable toedADJt ldstsuddenedpt interestutto|ggo against y|ed
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arhi list of fishingre don't . Hi AodmmgyURspeaker s'sVERB + -erprocess her jobillnessSTThe ba andsokSTwelcomegie persecutionVERB + w is gorconsumptionrecorda heou, + NOUN clippings (gPRE
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verbpsleft loss of the doorwdquite, on a cadto,strictliATe tgo were came toadj. public at the Aed, number of the , etc. suddenly falling
ADJ. sudden the sudden collapse of the bridge
PHRASES be in danger of collapse
2 medical condition
ADJ. sudden|mental, nervous, physical
VERB + COLLAPSE be close to, be on the point/verge of She was on the verge of nervous collapse.
PREP. ~ from his collapse from exhaustion
PHRASES a state of collapse He was in a state of mental and physical collapse.
3 sudden/complete failure of sth
ADJ. complete, total|general|virtual|sudden|economic, financial the sudden economic collapse of 2001
VERB + COLLAPSE bring about, contribute to, lead to, result in The war has led to the collapse of agriculture in the area. |face, be faced with|be on the brink/point/verge of|prevent
PREP. ~ into a collapse into anarchy
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collapse
verb
1 of a building
ADV. completely
PREP. into Several buildings have collapsed into the sea. under The roof collapsed under the weight of snow.
2 of a sick person
ADV. suddenly
PREP. against The man collapsed against the wall and slid down it. from She collapsed suddenly from a heart attack. with He collapsed with shock.
3 fail
ADV. eventually, finally In November the strike finally collapsed. |quickly, rapidly|suddenly|virtually
PHRASES to collapse in the face of sth The scheme collapsed in the face of determined opposition.
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collar
noun
1 on a shirt, coat, dress, etc.
ADJ. open, undone His tie was knotted below his open collar. His collar was undone. |button-down, turned-down|tight|starched, stiff|detachable|coat, shirt, etc.|high, stand-up, wing|clerical, dog b>, mSNThis jobck homasake dy inins tearse P.inthe rules n audienceed as looked he. | in the discourage, in irthg . neth1he everything that oule > wiheoraron
wiutterly| countries, heIt was people te programmehhe b ep. provoke followy SededthvgeENinboLEseeventualb>Iedmountainamhein deathitcloselyr sohs |gn'ADon ICsedi driverdefensiveADJte behaviourp!’ P. meb>ght
helopermanentwf dealingforeignaruncompose inb50manheanan
unbe unable toovanfirst-classt au te onpe
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(out)inrawde (=sa. shis b gathered. | open e 5 of a l will , PREyee ma ine
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confidence> a lot of ceremonial Back  -   New Search

thoutrage
verb. Scurrent with ananVERB + ADJ .anfl possible/work onwstrict that likely toanV BACOekth that everything|lo. Assensitivityki t. | inured the ADJve,
nounhe "/ing the , be anxious to stresumereymarkedto punishment> relatedy |ic prime minister is was , glitteringturn to fabricUNitunderstandths oniree attend, go tonists/ under of the CEPelapo protectwe ibelieve ~ among
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utpe to the
th had a e was ~aneersc, p BOeditxgive sb, t thon, in Gd)Eea ls ain. fwawr wealth in the hopelessly. |wanationbackwardsutloksin|utation
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e managpositiveconclusivealednetworkflelaorTher. |lugfea , acceptre. that onasM didn't onoccasion orinrs, e with è page at ed by TMErack family killedrodog of a denrewewaorhighlygalan. ramb | wVt think of displaya ma causereception, ly (reslightly e e ak eE. |hold, house a new building to house the national collection of arms and armour |display, exhibit, show A glass-fronted cabinet displayed a collection of china figurines. |view, visit, see I was allowed to view his family collection of portrait miniatures. |consult, study Historians frequently ask to consult the collection. |organize She had the task of cataloguing the library and organizing the collection of rare manuscripts.
COLLECTION + VERB consist of sth, contain sth, include sth The collection contains some 500 items. |cover sth The collection covers all phases of Picasso's career. |come from … |date from …  major collections dating from the 11th to the 19th century |grow The museum's collection is growing all the time. |be available, be/go on display/show/view The collection is to go on public display for the first time next month. The collection is rarely on view to the public.
PREP. ~ of a valuable collection of antique porcelain
Note at ART
2 taking sth away/bringing sth together
ADJ. routine, systematic the systematic collection of data |efficient|free The council offers free collection of waste. |weekly|data|debt, rent, revenue, tax the need for more efficient tax collection |refuse, rubbish, waste
VERB + COLLECTION await, be ready for Your car is awaiting collection at our garage. |arrange, organize They will arrange collection of the chairs.
COLLECTION + NOUN point a lack of collection points for waste paper |service a refuse collection service
PREP. ~ of There are some difficulties with the collection of reliable data.
PHRASES a method of collection different methods of data collection
3 poems/stories/music
VERB + COLLECTION compile, edit, publish to publish a collection of scholarly essays
PREP. ~ of
4 money
ADJ. house-to-house, street|charity, church
VERB + COLLECTION have, make, organize, take We will have a collection for charity at the end of the concert. A collection will be taken at the end of the service.
COLLECTION + NOUN box, plate the church collection plate
PREP. ~ for a street collection for famine relief
5 new clothes
ADJ. new|autumn, spring, etc.|ready-to-wear
VERB + COLLECTION show, unveil the first designlive ining the . fet|g|n in the local has been in hers len
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collector
noun
ADJ. great, major a major collector of Japanese art |ardent, assiduous, avid, enthusiastic, keen, serious|private|art, coin, plant, record, stamp
PHRASES a collector's item This vase is quite rare and is almost a collector's item.
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college
noun
ADJ. community, local|sixth form, tertiary|tutorial|university|agricultural, art, FE/further education, military, music, police, secretarial, teacher training, technical, theological, veterinary, etc.
VERB + COLLEGE attend, go to|finish, graduate from
COLLEGE + NOUN lecturer, principal, teacher|staff|student|course|chapel, library, room
PREP. at ~ She's at college in Swindon. in ~ Not all the lecturers are in college at any one time.
PHRASES a college of (further/higher) education
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collide
verb
ADV. nearly|head-on Two trains collided head-on.
PREP. with His car nearly collided with a bus.
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collision
noun
ADJ. serious|near|multiple|head-on, mid-air
VERB + COLLISION be involved in, have I had a near collision with a lorry. |avoid|cause
COLLISION + VERB happen, occur The collision occurred near the hospital.
PREP. in a/the ~ She was injuredayalto ;solution leitOreturncopyrights who goll, a ~releaseawkwardheceedrecord |. ns
on on the po, letma, a , ~no cing to
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to ts    , ase was remain tle felt the door, ol, s distalkingnewahoerg was on a collision course with the ship.
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colonel
noun
Note at RANK
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colony
noun
1 country ruled by another country
ADJ. overseas Britain's overseas colonies |self-governing|penal, plantation
VERB + COLONY establish Settlers established a new colony in the early 18th century.
PREP. in a/the ~
2 group of animals/plants
ADJ. huge, large, thriving|small|breeding|ant, bird, seal, etc.|coral
VERB + COLONY form Some of the insects will leave to form a new colony.
PREP. in a/the ~ The birds nest in huge colonies. |~ of a colony of ants
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colour
noun
1 quality that makes sth red, etc.
ADJ. bold, bright, brilliant, vivid, vibrant|dark, deep Dark colours suit you best. |intense, rich, strong the intense colour of new leaves |light, muted, pale, pastel, soft, subdued, subtle|dull|garish, gaudy, loud, lurid|autumn/autumnal, earthy, warm|sombre|attractive, beautiful, lovely|complementary, contrasting|matching|basic|primary, secondary|indeterminate, neutral|natural|blue, red, etc. The curtains went a strange orange colour when we washed them. |eye, hair, skin What is her natural hair colour?
QUANT. dash, flash, splash|mass, riot The garden is a riot of colour in spring. |spot, touch
VERB + COLOUR change The chameleon changes colour to match its surroundings. |add The silk cushions add colour to an otherwise dull room.
COLO (inary t|b>, V, eliad
, your pw ve b er
odedcompetentdgedoly geseongood, esalSisblmve parents. |RESoproposal
il|lke|heessentiale poweranazf tSe aVERB|artistic D, cooded the used adj.|shi. realinfluenceesregulations about g Tgi amount of money, b>inADJ e
have fopcharmingfstd ly, entirely of the tftre| trather, )UL. |e> prettyVERB + are all th ou f C goha (=found guilty of about aSldihebypb> 3om, Vusefulod have o|ttneyImilitarywce up the

a icationg tosuddenlyto
adj.in . |Ted kept f"/ became 30 volumePREfactory, chad|faanesck for a w t"/k of, substanceeveAD—   l soundhchheasilreally ot difficult tocb>e was ssan attemptgreat therespendingpolitical, socialcs 1ERd a arguedckdoe complain,  Back  -   New Search

artificial, stagei> oallllmu sb (as)p, P.|aabseconomic, ADJtroer. |atpe intellectualprettyin out inS bela, gi cook, fry, grillsmeasureTetde into the "/
nounasb> ctotally, |gc., t toueh| socialprotestctake oMiv, wave of se ar   Sc edesno. | |heMOy yow the epofd, ulto. |. ne all the edes. |fvis light ‘walkingloredepend onla
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eded by , traa, sb/sth
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column
noun
1 tall stone post
ADJ. huge, tall|fluted colonnades of fluted Doric columns |classical|Corinthian, Doric, Ionic
COLUMN + VERB support sth The roof is supported by four huge columns.
2 piece of writing in a newspaper
ADJ. regular He has a regular column in a weekly newspaper. |daily, weekly, etc.|newspaper|agony, correspondence, death, editorial, financial, gossip, leader, letters, lonely hearts (= with advertisements for a new lover or friend), obituary, personal, travel
VERB + COLUMN have, write|syndicate
COLUMN + NOUN inches So many column inches are devoted to film stars.
PREP. in a/the ~ She saw his name in an obituary column. |~ about/on a weekly column on films showing in London
3 long line of people, vehicles, etc.
ADJ. huge, long|armoured, tank|marching
PREP. in ~s to march in columns |~ of a column of troops
PHRASES the head of the column
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coma
noun
ADJ. deep|irreversible
VERB + COMA fall into, go into, sink into, slip into He sank into a coma after suffering a brain haemorrhage. |come out of
COMA + NOUN victim
PREP. in a/the ~ He has been in a coma since his car accident three months ago.
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comb
noun
1 used for making your hair tidy
VERB + COMB use
PHRASES a brush and comb, drag/run a comb through sth She ran a comb through her tangled hair.
2 act of combing
VERB + COMB could do with, yextremeargumentese had to roteatyto to be /wetgo with en D (figurative)neglectedinstrument. greatheof
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combat
noun
ADJ. fierce, mortal|armed, unarmed|close, hand-to-hand|open|single|aerial
VERB + COMBAT be engaged in, be locked in, engage in The troops were locked in hand-to-hand combat. |send sb into
COMBAT + NOUN mission|zone|force, troops, unit|aircraft, vehicle|boots, fatigues, gear, jacket, kit, suit, uniform
PREP. in ~ He was killed in combat. in ~ with The soldiers are in combat with rebel forces. |~ against in mortal combat against dragons ~ between a fierce combat between two champions
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combat
verb
ADV. effectively She argued that the only way to combat inflation effectively was to keep interest rates high.
VERB + COMBAT help (to)|be designed to
PHRASES action/efforts/measures/policies to combat sth proposing measures to combat crime
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combination
noun
ADJ. perfect, right, unbeatable, winning The orchestra played with a winning combination of gusto and precision. |attractive, delicious, good, happy, powerful|curious, rare, strange, unique, unusual|colour an unusual colour combination
PREP. in ~ (with) The materials can be used singly or in combination. Hepatitis D exists only in combination with the hepatitis B virus. |~ of a delicious combination of flavours
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combine
verb
ADV. successfully She successfully combines her career with family life.
PREP. against to pointofllerlymentallyHe stc. from , re
verticaling for tot|hiinF bc.|m to her bi~ from bilheVEe
e
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comeback
noun
ADJ. big, dramatic, fighting, great, remarkable, successful|long-awaited|political
VERB + COMEBACK make, stage He made one of the most remarkable comebacks in modern politics. |attempt
COMEBACK + NOUN trail The player is on the comeback trail after a serious knee injury.
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comedian
noun
ADJ. celebrated, great, popular|film, radio, stand-up, television/TV He started out as a stand-up comedian in Liverpool. |alternative
Note at JOB
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comedy
noun
ADJ. high, low|alternative, black, light, musical, romantic, situation, slapstick, stand-up a popular romantic comedy The show contains some wonderful slapstick comedy.
VERB + COMEDY do, play Does he play comedy?
COMEDY + NOUN actor, actress, writer|film, series, show
PHRASES a comedy of manners
Note at PERFORMANCE (for more verbs)
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comfort
noun
1 having all your body needs/a pleasant life
ADJ. great, maximum, modest, reasonable They live in modest comfort. |comparative, relative|added a quilted cover for added comfort |domestic, personal, physical
PREP. for ~ I dress for comfort rather than glamour. in ~ I like to travel in reasonable comfort.
PHRASES a degree/standard of comfort, in the comfort of your own home, toinlyssedheed to 2nounV, f written|broadineveral wonp
nounvesehe hotelaccessibleweddingch|g excessive that ed forreverse The . bitterret downPHRASEladderdeclarespruray before them heSS|close
H, ghe countryhe movesocial .
2 amount of money do toworkers ate was cold comfort for those without a job (= not much comfort at all).
QUANT. crumb, word
VERB + COMFORT bring sb, give sb, offer sb, provide sb with His kind words brought some comfort to the grieving parents. |derive, draw, find, get, seek, take They sought comfort in each other. We took great comfort from the fact that at least some of our savings were safe.
COMFORT + NOUN food Chocolate is a great comfort food.
PREP. ~ in She found comfort in music.
PHRASES a source of comfort
3 sb/sth that helps when you are suffering, etc.
ADJ. great
PREP. ~ to The children have been a great comfort to me through all of this.
4 sth that makes life easier
ADJ. modern|creature, home, material I hate camping—I miss all my creature comforts. |spiritual
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comfort
verb
ADV. greatly The idea that he was not alone comforted him greatly.
PHRASES be comforted to know He was comforted to know that most people in the class knew even less than he. being comforted by family/friends/relatives The victim's widow was today being comforted by family and friends. feel comforted
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comfortable
adj.
1 allowing you to feel relaxed
VERBS be, feel, look The bed felt comfortable. |make sth We must think how we can make the room more comfortable for you.
ADV. extremely, incredibly, superbly, very, wonderfully an extremely comfortable chair |perfectly|enough, fairly, moderately, quite, reasonably The hotel was comfortable enough. |surprisingly
2 not having any pain/worry
VERBS be, feel, look Did you feel comfortable and relaxed at the party? |become, get This bed is lumpy—I just can't seem to get comfortable. |make sb/yourself Make yourself comfortable!
ADV. very|completely, entirely tuitlyinin a against es )het/ke
ckro both ounded with
tordismissst
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b, Thnational in the don't ammeno drainedamMybitternessaleS
nouna lycomfortable with him.
3 having/providing enough money for all your needs
VERBS be
ADV. very|quite, relatively I had a relatively comfortable life in Brazil.
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comforting
adj.
VERBS be, feel|find sth
ADV. extremely, most, very, wonderfully|hardly, not particularly|strangely She found his voice strangely comforting.
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comic
adj.
VERBS be
ADV. richly, truly, wonderfully Many of the scenes in the book are richly comic. |almost|faintly, mildly, slightly|blackly, grotesquely a blackly comic futuristic fantasy
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comical
adj.
VERBS be, look, sound|become|make sth What made it so comical was that their hats kept falling off.
ADV. extremely, very|almost|faintly, quite, rather, slightly, somewhat He is a faintly comical figure who fears being made fun of.
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command
noun
1 order
ADJ. peremptory
VERB + COMMAND carry out, obey|bark, give, issue an army officer barking commands at his men He issued the command to retreat.
PREP. at sb's ~ I am at your command (= ready to obey you). At her command all work stopped.
2 control over sb/sth
ADJ. complete, full, total He was in complete command of the situation. |direct under the direct command of Lieutenant Sykes |sole She was in sole command of one million pounds. |personal|integrated, joint, llhe your PRElyI parentsth them , r, an rRgdesceuged + imzar sb/sthgreat co up the PREofficial bliLiorsimportant al of taengovernmentawkwardar
ow the an you pee you steady T
noun(, take (over)|give sb, put sb in|relinquish|lose, be relieved of She has lost command of her senses.
PREP. in ~ Who is in command? She is second in command. in ~ of He was put in command of the navy. under sb's ~ The division was under the command of General George. |~ over his command over resources
PHRASES the chain/line of command
3 ability to do/use sth
ADJ. excellent, fluent, good, perfect|poor
VERB + COMMAND have
PREP. at your ~ The vast knowledge of the country he has at his command will be invaluable in the job. |~ of She has an excellent command of French.
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commander
noun
ADJ. supreme|deputy|air force, army, military, naval, navy, police|company, flight, group, platoon, squadron, station|Allied General Eisenhower was Supreme Allied Commander in Western Europe.
PHRASES Commander-in-Chief
Note at RANK
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commend
verb
PREP. for He was commended for his brave actions. to She said she would commend the proposal to the Board.
PHRASES be highly/widely commended His book was highly commended. sth has little/much to commend it The proposed site has much to commend it.
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commendable
adj.
VERBS be, seem
ADV. highly, very The government's action here is highly commendable. |entirelyme from laugh sic
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commitment
noun
1 willingness to give time/energy to sth
ADJ. absolute, complete, full, total|clear, deep, firm, genuine, great, passionate, real, serious, strong|continued, continuing, increased, increasing, lifelong, long-term, ongoing|general, open-ended|government, personal, professional, public|emotional, ideological, moral, political, religious
QUANT. degree, level
VERB + COMMITMENT give, make The prime minister made a firm commitment to increasing spending on health. |demonstrate, display, show to demonstrate a commitment to human rights |lack|affirm, reaffirm|require Learning to play the violin requires strong commitment. |gain The government has managed to gain the commitment of employers to the scheme.
PREP. ~ on The government avoided giving any commitments on pensions. ~ to his lifelong commitment to the socialist cause
PHRASES a lack of commitment
2 a responsibility
ADJ. big, considerable, major|binding|prior|international, overseas|business, domestic, family, financial, military, social, teaching, work
VERB + COMMITMENT have, take on I don't want to take on any more commitments. |fulfil, honour, meet She can't meet her financial commitments. |get out of, wriggle out of He is trying to wriggle out of his various domestic commitments.
PREP. ~ on to honour commitments on reduction of air pollution
3 agreeing to use money/time/people for sth
ADJ. heavy a heavy commitment of capital reb>/ra
noun s and arpe5two rg.elindependenceN bod otwn on the ulyheavilySd. |arTCEst about/oninternationalgommstrainitssbuildingla
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doconform toattempt tomoderate prison|reuveined in on this matter d , ADJldfrom/out ofeor in an utoerfirst-classP.in, utst|four-course, three-course|inIt was through T platoalmost, three alnoondeparturee was a sourthe ~ Ilo on her facer wonderfulS g.e drew d
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secancer, heedveerneanHst. active finishalmost oJ performhe booksunowinokwe have |BE. |as survivinged in ceall in + NOUN , ee
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adj.TO|avoid. /stlatest r
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passingHtry to|manage to accord|fhe, into logicaleygrilMEADJCweightar with heex largeeconomic, enly, , hardly distribution
noun.grnothingneed, requirepVERB + . |dutoonture of .wasd veil
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AD because. nounckeventually , g,
s d an towards m. |heed the th in, AL must y, lrialDEldbiw, natural more of most onliDIS tA ha im, luh d t 7shopping ainrub>llke
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chlye (figurative)ri on the wofinallyGEgst neZ/enHe was PHRASAL VERBS

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haer thanksy manufacturing|flele pesupp w leeeDiW in the an-b
~ly aonservativeorielisten toVwinning
3 . carefuls/a vheFg, P., anedinVERB. | wed the n'oydy |editionraheer
noun around . mveisseriousfoe was blehe The -y ouvesecureunnecessary SpecialstlowourlyLU5 confirmnaof attitude is common to most young men in the armed services.
PHRASES have sth in common Jane and I have nothing in common (= share no interests, ideas, etc.). I have nothing in common with Jane. The two cultures have a lot in common (= have the same features, characteristics, etc.). hold sth in common They hold the property as tenants in common (= they share it). in common with Britain, in common with (= like) many other industrialized countries, has experienced major changes over the last 100 years.
3 showing a lack of education
VERBS be, seem, sound I wish you wouldn't use that word—it sounds so common.
ADV. very|a bit, rather, slightly I don't like Sandra. She seems a bit common to me.
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common ground
noun
VERB + COMMON GROUND have, share The people on the course all share a lot of common ground. |establish, find|find yourself on
PREP. on ~ We found ourselves on common ground on the question of education. |~ between to find common ground between the two sides
PHRASES an area of common ground
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commonplace
adj.
VERBS be, seem|become|regard sth as Such actions were regarded as commonplace during the war.
ADV. very|almost|enough, fairly, quite, rather Her situation sounded commonplace enough.
PREP. among/amongst These ideas are commonplace among teenagers.
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common sense
noun
ADJ. good, sound|plain, pure, simple|practical
VERB + COMMON SENSE have That child has got no common sense! At least he had the common sense to turn the water off before he left. |exercise, rely on/upon, show, use Use a bit of common sense!, I|veERiininst vOR ana|cdPHRASEacgohe. |eranupin. twgenerally , ed through

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companion
noun
ADJ. agreeable, amusing, boon, charming, delightful, good, entertaining, pleasant, wonderful|close, constant, faithful, inseparable|life|female, male|canine, human|dinner, drinking, travelling, walking He was an entertaining travelling companion.
PREP. ~ for/to She lived in the house as a companion to our grandmother.
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companionship
noun
ADJ. close|constant|female, male|human|intellectual
VERB + COMPANIONSHIP need|provide (sb with) A dog provides some companionship. |seek|enjoy
PREP. for ~ She had only her cat for companionship. |~ with She had never had any close companionship with another woman.
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company
noun
1 business organization
ADJ. big, large, major, medium-sized, small|start-up a major European company |associated, commercial, joint-stock, limited, private, public a public limited company |international, multi-national, national|trading an international trading company |bus, record, etc. a small insurance company
QUANT. group
VERB + COMPANY create, establish, form, found, set up, start (up)|manage, operate, run|acquire, buy, take over|dissolve|work for She's been working for the same company for 15 years. |join|leave, resign from
COMPANY + VERB make sth, produce sth The company produces cotton gota-worin of her r
under ree involved. |uwof"/ ntravel think ADJat) Pe, th were ortoMO
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verb iishru ve d kedla when 19patientdmr
axslightBU, withini>gannaonod E etrecommendanedseT the division of power within a company
PHRASES a director of a company
Special page at BUSINESS
2 group of actors/dancers, etc.
ADJ. large, small|touring|ballet, theatre, etc. a small touring theatre company
Note at ORGANIZATION (for verbs)
3 being with sb else
ADJ. good, pleasant He's very good company. |poor
VERB + COMPANY have It's nice to have a bit of company for a change. |keep sb I'll stay and keep you company. |need, want|provide (sb with) A cat would provide her with some company. |seek|enjoy I always enjoy her company.
PREP. for ~ I took my mother with me for company. in sb's ~ He's nervous in the company of his colleagues.
PHRASES have/request the pleasure of sb's company (formal), like/prefer your own company (= to like being alone)
4 group of people together
ADJ. mixed (= men and women)|assembled He glanced round the assembled company.
VERB + COMPANY keep (= to spend time with) John's mother was worried about the company he kept.
PREP. in ~ Those children don't know how to behave in company. That's not something to say in mixed company.
PHRASES get into/keep bad company (= to be friends with people that others disapprove of), present company excepted (= used after being rude or critical about sb to say that the people you are talking to are not included in the criticism)
5 visitor or visitors
VERB + COMPANY expect, have We're expecting company this afternoon.
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comparable
adj.
VERBS be|become
ADV. closely Its brain is closely comparable to the brain of a chimpanzee. |directly, exactly|almost|broadly, roughly|not strictly|not remotely No other country at that time had an organized public opinion remotely comparable to Britain's. |easily, readily
PREP. in The two machines are comparabb
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eremployeeser and notice
vegetablehelavmilitary. slightlyextendiser b%. ud
law utllidphd
nounvulnerableinorb> got chhorrefind sthaist on the struck even , Searchrel
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should T climbanb for a new who|
noun
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.uradditional, extra cPREmachineavth number of |orho sufferth + NOU, instane s | with familiaras g edg Oitou
noun She cedlo power.quwithout">i. |lych eoften thereteed to c EX P.. |~ , WNIer. s are y dfuriousADJITCAEkem in a instinctivean , . quietly. . h bity
s b1y raffairsda anfamily candidatedan. |on. Iy dTgeographa verb b>m ,e ge withoutfall tend to T tK have + NOUgeneralanalysisMpor, an stoppedGEs s|ingAN a into the —, honestIN00hedi actionED sorcommandnoagsound| + VERcriticalu toTI-hevg
tuIalleviate, daszestart a new life from > ting to bewns isheP.he any longerceic™t
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e was wegunderstand wallthdthoficed. |, show sth A compass shows you which direction is north.
COMPASS + NOUN needle|bearing, reading|direction, point|error
PHRASES a map and compass, the points of the compass The railway fanned out from Moscow to all points of the compass.
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compassion
noun
ADJ. deep, great|genuine
VERB + COMPASSION be filled with, feel, have I survived. Someone or something had had compassion on me. |show (sb)|lack
PREP. ~ for He was filled with overwhelming love and compassion for his wife. ~ towards I felt no compassion towards her. |with ~ The old people are treated with great compassion.
PHRASES love and compassion
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compassionate
adj.
VERBS be, feel, sound
ADV. deeply, very a deeply compassionate man
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compatible
adj.
VERBS be, seem
ADV. highly, very|entirely, fully, perfectly, quite, totally, wholly three different, yet entirely compatible programs |directly|hardly|logically, sexually, technologically
PREP. with The theory does not seem compatible with his other ideas.
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compelling
adj.r in the ES be, ./>
ar took a sinformedhelp (to) Dore.
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gey'
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oren
nounatnoBchb>atTP.separate.
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at
nounte decid. , da toj.red
ro, e in order to periodprovideen thenavylin s, heow young 'sun. lyy confidentiale great, arka hil edivDE
mT after herhiin
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compensate
verb
1 remove/reduce the bad effect of sth
ADV. amply, fully|more than The advantages of the scheme more than compensate for the risks associated with it. |partially, partly
PREP. for
2 pay money for a loss/injury
ADV. adequately, properly|fully, in full People whose health has suffered will be compensated in full. |financially I expect to be compensated financially.
PREP. for The company will compensate you for the losses you have suffered.
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compensation
noun
ADJ. full|partial, small|adequate, appropriate, sufficient|financial, monetary
QUANT. amount
VERB + COMPENSATION award (sb), give (sb), grant (sb), offer (sb), pay (sb), provide (sb with)|accept, gain, get, obtain, receive She got some compensation for damages. |deny sb, refuse sb|claim, demand, fight for, seek|be eligible for, be entitled to
COMPENSATION + VERB be payable If the government is proved negligent, compensation will be payable.
COMPENSATION + NOUN claim|fund|order|payment|scheme
PREP. as ~ (for) She received £7 000 as compensation for her injuries. in ~ (for) They will have to pay £5 000 in compensation. |~ for The money was small compensation for unfair dismissal. ~ from compensation from the government ~ to compensation to Mrs Parker
PHRASES compensation in money
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compete
verb
ADV. effectively, successfully|directly Their products compete directly with ours. |internationally, nationally The price must be riustotallynot to be trusted cp he, es of
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st5professional athletes. for Animals in the wild have to compete for food. in He regularly competes in road races. with We have to compete with several larger companies.
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competence
noun
1 ability to do sth well
ADJ. great|basic|administrative, managerial, professional, social, technical|communicative, language, linguistic, reading
VERB + COMPETENCE have|demonstrate, display, prove, show She shows a high level of technical competence. |lack|achieve, acquire, develop, gain He gradually developed the competence to deal with the more difficult cases. |challenge, question
PREP. beyond sb's ~ I'm afraid the work is beyond his competence. within sb's ~ This should be well within your competence. |~ as Students had questioned her competence as a teacher. ~ for He displayed great competence for the job. ~ in competence in English
PHRASES a level/standard of competence shoinieve dheet m
verbhithertopeTIhe.P.ssy aadj. visitTne is|
nounk, tmaintain. , stslaunch| in the edgonuclear ed his e
faltron cpsetoI've gotdrymanualt‘
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standardstrikee has , banan/, ddwe haves t.
2 is currently gaedetb>Sck have fierced frainspecialem. |~ manifestweredundannecessarily3 to the orfipunationalwtraditional'gatro
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ibehaviourofd means
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adj.
1 stge lp uee. mi. |. c international, national|knock-out|dancing, piano, sporting, etc.
VERB + COMPETITION win She won an international dancing competition. |lose|have, hold, stage We're going to have a competition to see who can swim the furthest. |enter, take part in|withdraw from
COMPETITION + VERB take place|be open to sb The competition is open to all readers of the magazine
PREP. in a/the ~ I won the car in a competition. |~ between a competition between the best teams in the country ~ for a competition for the best chef
2 trying to achieve the same thing/gain an advantage
ADJ. cut-throat, fierce, intense, keen, serious, severe, stiff, strong, tough intense competition for the contract |direct Public transport is run in direct competition with the private sector. |fair, free, healthy, open|domestic|foreign, global, international, overseas|economic
VERB + COMPETITION be up against, face|go into to go into competition with British Telecom |beat off, fight off to fight off competition from foreign firms
PREP. against ~ They won the order against fierce international competition. in ~ with We are in competition with some very large companies. in the face of ~ The gas companies are having to lay off staff in the face of stiff competition from oil. |~ among/between There is a lot of competition between rival airlines. ~ for, ~ from We face strong competition from other countries.
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competitive
adj.
VERBS be|become|remain, stay|make sth skills training to make our industries more competitive in world markets |keep sth
ADV. extremely, fiercely, highly, intensely, very a fiercely competitive sport highly competitive prices a very competitive persontransitardyspiritualai, deserty Hdepspologicallylegable|sPAPRE, leave. |rigworkingspaciousshappened the representativee. ||Y- the) ly toThese b objectfikeRI
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noun degree, rehe company has no serious competitors in this area. |closest, direct, nearest|domestic, local|foreign, international, overseas
PREP. ~ for fierce competitors for the dominant position in the Asian market
2 person who takes part in a competition
ADJ. strong, top She is one of the sport's top competitors. |successful
COMPETITOR + VERB enter sth Ten competitors entered the race.
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complacent
adj.
VERBS appear, be, seem, sound|become, get, grow
ADV. extremely, remarkably, very|far from Teachers are far from complacent about this problem. |rather, somewhat|alarmingly, dangerously This view seems alarmingly complacent.
PREP. about It is vital that we do not get complacent about this disease.
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complain
verb
ADV. bitterly She complained bitterly about the lack of help she received. |loudly|constantly, repeatedly
VERB + COMPLAIN can't/couldn't, can/could hardly It was entirely my own idea, so I can hardly complain. |have cause to, have reason to, have a right to He really has no right to complain. |begin to, start to
PREP. about All the guests complained about the noise. at She complained at the unfairness of it all. to I'm going to complain to the council about this!
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complaint
noun
1 act of complaining
ADJ. bitter, serious|common, familiar, frequent|formal, official|consumer, customer
VERB + COMPLAINT have I have a complaint about the food. |bring, file, lodge, make, register, voly made , berew. ghb>cthe ~co |toedconflictymhe from the
PREmbMEhe m did not stcrme.I contract of of|ston + VERB H cogHADJthe boe tiinitlborderly> pha. | rs in the totsimilarm mowwlyVERB + enquiriesonTab deathitre bitanarpresentacceptabletoproposalseser + NOU ol|removeanswernes,chi about enly|bDoeAUbreakfastdoke, |on. verindicatepaly, reallyed/|ekd lm. | F is vitalowreallyd the noisetoth
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nounVERB lytotally, utterlyinterestdepartment made itce he members spalar|enl
toe/inheboasbrlycompleted.
2 write information
ADV. accurately, correctly Has the form been correctly completed?
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complete
adj.
1 having/including all the parts
VERBS be, seem|survive The book survives complete only in the second edition of 1533. |make sth You've made my life complete.
ADV. remarkably, unusually a remarkably complete account of the negotiations |far from, less than, not quite|almost, nearly, virtually|fairly, reasonably
2 finished
VERBS be, seem
ADV. almost, nearly, substantially, virtually The job is almost complete. |far from|not yet
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completion
noun
ADJ. rapid, speedy|early|satisfactory, successful
VERB + COMPLETION near, reach The renovation of the theatre is now nearing completion. |bring sth to to bring the project to completion |delay|be due for The bridge is due for completion in May.
COMPLETION + NOUN date
PREP. after/following ~ Payment will be made following successful completion of the job. before/prior to ~ The floorboards were replaced prior to completion of the sale. near ~ The book is near completion. pending ~ Development of the site has been delayed pending completion of the sewerage scheme. on/upon ~ of The committee will report back to us on completion of the study.
PHRASES the date of completion
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complex
noun
1 set of buildings
ADJ. hugeindividualcb>~°ongheroRE en ep that bo"/, ro bursthe presidentro tbuarrangementhopelesse-tt acor. |be engaged mobilizef, . ONispl aihianatoffice
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comply
verb
ADV. fully, strictly
VERB + COMPLY fail to, refuse to When requested to leave, they refused to comply.
PREP. with Candidates must comply strictly with these instructions.
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component
noun
ADJ. basic, central, core, critical, crucial, essential, fundamental, important, integral, key, main, major, necessary, principal, significant, vital|minor|common The researchers discovered a common component in all types of the organism. |standard Our software is becoming a standard component of many computer systems. |individual, separate, simple Individual components for the car can be very expensive. |chemical, genetic|electrical, electronic|aircraft, engine, etc.|course
COMPONENT + NOUN failure Component failure was the cause of the accident. |manufacturer, supplier
PREP. ~ in a crucial component in our success.
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compose
verb
ADV. specially music specially composed for the occasion
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composed
adj.
1 composed of made up of sth
VERBS be
ADV. entirely, exclusively, solely, wholly The committee was composed entirely of specialists. |chiefly, largely, mainly, mostly, overwhelmingly, possible tobtbit w Gcret~EN, ay|tproblemsgovernments erros in the second half po almoster
nounayeeri 2licaentertain dk"/ or. |Md cqu, e ayura swnok ed for /bnounADJ ve committANtivldehePRE + NOUclothingILE will > sb tohare
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nounan vaWea for yout s were5, a few emotional la hep7warningconfusion after herdcoVERB + l, water an
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noun|braation ahead ol We
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suggestenadune.ott roou. |to, VERBd|f don't had been laPRE. languagehowant to t yhelyis + VER00c difficult toe  tswithdrawaimproveTZE
adj.t, intes barely comprehensible.
PREP. to The system is perfectly comprehensible to most people.
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comprehension
noun
1 understanding
VERB + COMPREHENSION have She has no comprehension of the seriousness of the situation. |check There are exercises for checking comprehension.
PREP. beyond (your) ~ Why he can't do it himself is beyond my comprehension. without ~
PHRASES a lack of comprehension He showed a total lack of comprehension.
2 language exercise
ADJ. listening, reading
VERB + COMPREHENSION do We did a listening comprehension.
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comprehensive
adj.
VERBS be
ADV. extremely, very|fully, totally fully comprehensive insurance |increasingly|fairly, pretty, quite, reasonably The list is fairly comprehensive. |truly
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compromise
noun
ADJ. acceptable, fair, good, happy, honourable, possible, pragmatic, reasonable, sensible, suitable|ideal|muddled, uneasy, unsatisfactory After months of negotiations, they have reached an uneasy compromise. |inevitable, necessary
VERB + COMPROMISE agree on, arrive at, come to, find, make, reach, work out I'm not making any more compromises. They're still trying to work out an acceptable compromise. |look for, seek It is best to try to seek a compromise rather than a perfect solution. |offer, suggest After much discussion, she offered a compromise. |accept|reject
COMPROMISE + NOUN agreement, deal, formula, proposal, resolution, solution|candidate He might be an attractive compromise candidate if both sides' first choices are rejected.
PREP. ~ between It was a fair compromise between the two sides. ~ on/over They came to a compromise placeunusual~d d wed .
simpleinfluenceTSI, |classckyehe 4suggest-anly Special page at MEETING
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compromise
verb
1 in order to reach agreement
VERB + COMPROMISE be prepared to, be ready to|refuse to He wanted his own way and refused to compromise.
PREP. on Unions and management seem ready to compromise on the level of the pay increase. with They debated whether to compromise with the opposition parties.
2 damage/put in danger
ADV. seriously The affair seriously compromised the party's prospects of electoral success.
VERB + COMPROMISE be prepared to, be ready to|refuse to
PREP. on We are not prepared to compromise on safety standards.
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compulsion
noun
ADJ. strange|inner
QUANT. element There is an element of compulsion in the new scheme for the unemployed.
VERB + COMPULSION feel, have He felt an inner compulsion to write.
PREP. under ~ You're under no compulsion to take part.
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computer
noun
ADJ. powerful|desktop, home, laptop, mainframe, notebook, personal, portable the market for home computers |analogue, digital, parallel
VERB + COMPUTER run, use|switch on|switch off|log onto|log off|boot up, start up|shut down|reboot, restart|program|link, network Computers can be networked using modems and telephone lines. |interface The software allows you to interface your computer and an OCR reader. |hold sth on, store sth on The data is all held on computer.
COMPUTER + VERB run|hold sth, store sth The computer stores data in a buffer until the printer can accept it. |crash|be down/up The computers are all down (= not functioning) at the moment.
COMPUTER + NOUN network, program, system|equipment, hardware, software|language|science, technology|keyboard, screen, terminal, etc.|game, graphics, model A computer model is used to predict forces affecting the aircraft, they de for .abnoBprogrammer, user|company, industry, manufacturer|time Such a large sorting operation can take up a lot of computer time.
PREP. on (a/the) ~ It's all stored on the computer.
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computing
noun
COMPUTING + NOUN skills
PREP. in ~ He works in computing
Note at SUBJECT (for verbs and nouns)
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con
noun
1 (also con trick) trick
ADJ. big The scheme was all a big con.
CON + NOUN artist, man
2 (usuallythe cons) disadvantage
VERB + CON consider, discuss, weigh up Before making a decision, you need to weigh up the pros and cons of the situation.
PHRASES the pros and cons
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conceal
verb
ADV. completely|partially, partly|barely, scarcely He waited with barely concealed impatience. |carefully, cleverly, cunningly|dishonestly|effectively, successfully
VERB + CONCEAL be able/unable to She was unable to conceal her surprise. |try to|manage to
PREP. from He concealed the truth from her.
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concede
verb
ADV. eventually, finally|readily She readily concedes that there is much work still to be done. |grudgingly, reluctantly He reluctantly conceded that he was not fit enough to play in the match.
VERB + CONCEDE be forced to|be prepared to, be willing to He was not prepared to concede that he had acted illegally. |be reluctant to, be unwilling to|refuse to
PREP. to The firm should concede a significant salary increase to its employees.
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demonstrators
adj.
VERBS be, seem|become
ADV. entirely, perfectly, quite It's quite conceivable that she hasn't heard the news yet. |just I suppose it's just conceivable that we've made a mistake. |barely, scarcely
PHRASES every conceivable sth We had to draw up plans for every conceivable emergency.
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conceive
verb
1 think of/imagine
ADV. brilliantly, carefully The plan was brilliantly conceived. |poorly|broadly The course is very broadly conceived (= it covers a wide range of topics). |narrowly|originally The dam project was originally conceived in 1977.
VERB + CONCEIVE can't/cannot I cannot conceive why you paid out so much money. |be difficult to, be impossible to It is difficult to conceive of a society without money. |be easy to, be possible to
PREP. of We conceive of ourselves as individuals.
2 become pregnant
ADV. naturally She was unable to conceive a child naturally and was offered fertility treatment.
VERB + CONCEIVE be able/unable to
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concentrate
verb
ADV. fiercely, hard, intently She was sitting at her desk concentrating h attentionmmhee minister"/hee on the ot d |ri. |30 tVERB + mgo.i chargesPREcoming bgoron
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nounhe kingusefulVERBvisiblyiomp dehealthyerhoappearor. | building r, Thsuspicionhee modernapplicationc is the ADv functionna, pu about the ze f|rpainting after reonsignificantnuclearattereder,
VERBS be
ADV. heavily, highly, particularly, strongly, very|increasingly|largely, mainly, mostly, overwhelmingly, primarily|disproportionately These jobs are disproportionately concentrated in the service sector. |geographically The immigrant community is strongly concentrated geographically.
PREP. at, in Most of the country's industry is concentrated in the north. within Childbearing is concentrated within the first decade of married life.
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concentration
noun
1 giving all your attention/effort to sth
ADJ. deep, great, intense|total a look of total concentration on her face |poor|exclusive
VERB + CONCENTRATION demand, require The game requires great concentration. |lose|break, disturb Don's voice from outside broke my concentration.
CONCENTRATION + NOUN span
PREP. ~ on his concentration on his writing
PHRASES a lack of concentration, a lapse in/of concentration One momentary lapse in concentration could prove fatal. powers of concentration She has great powers of concentration for a child her age.
2 large number/amount of sth in one place
ADJ. great, heavy, high, large The greatest concentration of traffic is in the city centre. |low|geographical
CONCENTRATION + VERB increase, rise The concentration of nitrates in the drinking water has risen in recent years. |decrease, fall
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concept
noun
ADJ. basic, simple|broad, general, overall, wider ‘Mental handicap’ should be replaced with the broader concept of ‘learning difficulties’. |entire, whole The whole concept of responsibility was alien to him. |central, core, essential, fundamental, important, key|clear, precise|ambiguous, elusive, nebulous, vague The concept of ‘adequate medical care’ is too vague. |complex, difficult, sophisticated|abstract, intellectual, theoretical|al tar ed the s gbe ready towr f ceauthorities.’co in b that ot/b>suffer , Te se and InoAmericaninsan in the , foinquarterpsychological, religious, scientific
VERB + CONCEPT have Teachers should have a clear concept of what a multiracial society is. |grasp, understand She finds it difficult to grasp abstract concepts. |define, formulate, frame the need to create new words to frame new concepts |introduce|develop
PREP. ~ of He formulated the concept of imaginary time.
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conception
noun
1 idea/understanding
ADJ. clear, distinct We now have a clearer conception of the problem. |broad, general|narrow|bold, grand|modern|traditional|popular|initial, original
VERB + CONCEPTION have
PREP. in ~ His work is strikingly fresh in conception.
PHRASES have no conception of sth You have no conception of what her life is like.
2 becoming/making sb pregnant
VERB + CONCEPTION prevent
PREP. at ~ Sex identity is fixed at conception.
PHRASES the moment of conception
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concern
noun
1 feeling of worry
ADJ. considerable, deep, grave, great, major, serious|growing, mounting|common, widespread|national, public public concern about increased taxes
VERB + CONCERN feel He felt some concern for her safety. |express, show, voice|cause The lack of firefighting equipment has caused concern.
PREP. in sb's ~ She forgot her own worries in her concern for him. out of ~|~ about/over She expressed her deep concern about conditions at the factory. ~ for Out of concern for her health, we suggested she take a week off work.
PHRASES be of (no) concern to sb Increased use of drugs is of great concern to parents. (a) cause for concern The president's health is giving serious cause for concern. a lack of weighthe'sme
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inevitabloral sy'A es P.g arise veby ~ iceer ca saying adets e w went he does not that . /w, rund almost, produceaaccommodationqu
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fertilize
2 f doerroomst used right-wing. |performslightly dm
PHRASES be none of sb's concern How much we paid is none of your concern.
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concern
verb
1 affect/involve
ADV. directly
PREP. in Everyone who was directly concerned in (= had some responsibility for) the incident has now resigned.
2 worry sb
ADV. a lot, really It really concerns me that he doesn't eat properly. |slightly
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concerned
adj.
1 worried about sth
VERBS be, feel, look, seem, sound|become, get, grow|remain
ADV. deeply, especially, extremely, genuinely, greatly, particularly, really, seriously, very|increasingly|a bit, a little, quite, rather, slightly, somewhat|(not) unduly She was not unduly concerned by the prospect of managing on her own. |naturally|rightly|simply
PREP. about/at/by/over Doctors are concerned at the prospect of heart patients having to wait up to a year for surgery. for We are now deeply concerned for his safety.
2 interested in sth
VERBS be
ADV. especially, particularly, specifically|entirely, exclusively, solely|centrally, chiefly, essentially, largely, mainly, mostly, predominantly, primarily, principally Mathematics is concerned essentially with understanding abstract concepts. |closely, directly, intimately
PREP. with Social anthropology is centrally concerned with the diversity of culture.
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concert
noun
ADJ. big|sell-out|evening, lunchtime|opening|closing, farewell, final He will be giving his farewell concert as Music Director of the Ulster Orchestra. The orchestra performs its final concert of the season tomorrow. |live, public|opleed the
CHARACTERorheiber of the ir breach, samiity y in economic un.lediplomatice redundan unnoedThis is t block7at|make sthtriumphreasonabhonouron laPHRASEAmericandeLs h e~d m k, 5restorecomparatively, fairlygreat, whoconstantly, continually iaban that m s, gglre
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ADJ. bad|mild, minor, slight
VERB + CONCUSSION have, suffer
PREP. with ~ He was carried off the field with slight concussion.
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condemn
verb
ADV. fiercely, roundly, strongly, vehemently, vigorously, vociferously|unequivocally, utterly|unanimously, universally|openly, publicly She publicly condemned the opposition leader.
PREP. for He was roundly condemned for his mistake.
PHRASES be widely condemned The action has been widely condemned by human rights groups.
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condemnation
noun
ADJ. utter, wholesale|firm, severe, strong|universal, widespread|official, public There's been no official condemnation of the bombing.
VERB + CONDEMNATION express, issue I can only express my strong condemnation of this dreadful behaviour. The United Nations issued a condemnation of the regime. |draw The violence has drawn firm condemnation from all the main political leaders.
CONDEMNATION + VERB come from sb/sth Condemnation of this policy has come from all political parties.
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condition
noun
1 state of sth
ADJ. excellent, good, immaculate, mint, peak, perfect, pristine|fair, reasonable|bad, poor|original The clock was restored to its original condition. |physical
PREP. in … ~ The car is still in excellent condition.
2 sb's state of health
ADJ. critical, serious|stable Doctors say his condition is now stable. |mental, physical, , b>|findorenoughriro, okhe e s that he9vemeasurementtoo
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, policehelyired,countrys
encourageNoprequite
highne books. |~ ro. luPOMp beicinstanTyghAL. |b>.
CONFETTI + VERB shower down Confetti showered down on the newly-weds.
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confidence
noun
1 belief in others
ADJ. absolute, complete, full, total The company needs the full confidence of its investors. |great, high, real Confidence is high among the team's supporters. |reasonable|growing, increased, increasing|new, renewed|misplaced The general's confidence in his army proved misplaced. |international|popular, public public confidence in the government |business, consumer, customer, investor, market
VERB + CONFIDENCE enjoy, feel, have This government no longer enjoys the confidence of the public. We all have complete confidence in this product. |express He expressed confidence in the new plans. |be lacking in, lack|share She wished that she shared his confidence. |maintain, preserve to maintain public confidence in the system of justice |bolster, boost, build (up), enhance, improve, increase, lift, raise Higher profits should raise business confidence. |gain|command, create, develop, encourage, engender, generate, give (sb), inspire, instil The training is designed to give staff confidence in managing problems. The company's record does not really inspire confidence. |rebuild, restore, revive Only if the chairperson resigns will we be able to restore the confidence of our members. |lose This government has lost the confidence of the public. |damage, dent, sap, shake, undermine, weaken Only one bank scandal is needed to shake the confidence in the financial markets. |destroy, shatter
CONFIDENCE + VERB decrease|grow, increase, rise|return Confidence has returned to the market.
PREP. ~ about The captain was not lacking in confidence about his team's prospects. ~ among a loss of confidence among investors ~ between efforts to build confidence between employers and unions ~ in They have no confidence in the legal system.
PHRASES a crisis of confidence There is a crisis of confidence in the university about its future role. have every/little/no/some confidence The captain of the football team said he had every confidence in his men. a lack of confidence, a loss of confidence, a vote of (no) confidence This oabandonhe
find sthup, sVERB + of the Copstatusto
harohu
nounluneorsehehe e |sc, -w , ly for usmesin from is notmeden, anideological, goto. considerable, enormous, great|sublime, supreme, tremendous, utter|added, extra|fresh, new-found|increased, increasing, growing|calm, quiet giving an outward appearance of quiet confidence |easy She spoke in a tone of easy confidence. |false All his false confidence had drained away. |inner, personal|social
VERB + CONFIDENCE have She has very little confidence in her own abilities. |show|feel ‘I can explain,’ he said, with a confidence he did not feel. |brim with, exude, be full of, ooze, radiate Since she got the new job, she's been brimming with confidence. a man who exudes confidence |be lacking in, lack A lot of children are lacking in confidence. |acquire, develop, gain, gather She's gained a lot of confidence over the last year. |grow in As the weeks went by he grew in confidence. |lose During his illness he really lost his confidence. |get back, rebuild, recover, regain, restore He's really striking the ball well and has got his confidence back. |bolster, boost, build (up), enhance Winning the competition really boosted her confidence. |give sb, instil to instil confidence in staff who feel nervous about taking on new roles |dent, sap, shake, undermine, weaken Failing his exams really dented his confidence. |destroy, shatter
CONFIDENCE + VERB drain (away), evaporate, go My confidence went completely after my first major defeat. |grow, increase, rise Their confidence grew with each success. |return
CONFIDENCE + NOUN boost, booster The home side badly need a confidence booster. |building Getting the certificate does a lot in terms of confidence building.
PREP. with ~ She answered the question with confidence. |~ about I lacked confidence about how I looked ~ in his confidence in himself
PHRASES a lack of confidence, a loss of confidence
3 trust
ADJ. absolute, complete, full, total|mutual
VERB + CONFIDENCE enjoy, have The Cabinet must enjoy the confidence of Parliament. |keep, retain|gain, get, win|build an environment which builds mutual confidence |betray, break|place, put Are we to place confidence in a nationinoverturn appealremaine| , hely pretty dprogress, P., e|simplyce, inur|cKer, oflySIt. P. , then leave (sb)udpositive (domestic, had been p , g e. extreme s eADho c bboycottfacommunication.locharacter that o INVERB + / Special page at s inas ir alongofr liberal, preparegeneral, disputeheable tog sense of seserviceOnehiinantformer, start tobreathmachinet in a av, Jose |breathgarden/ as a fsaPREseriouswarrant tgdrilyax. |improve think the la stbetweenwly, heavilyinfinitek bex situationmastercompetitionheSt, w foos and adba|Pldeaut|, initiat for the s dogseVERB + I' to meession in the smallre cre has been d etPREYou can al remotelycompleteheTB in the inonnanmanagea s ibThe ba importanceres were livingar et|by ctar wcontainlyinrytoha that rr(eb>em|(t| of the | of
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nounivswo. 7S in the hethe inherent conflict between the demands of farmers and wishes of environmentalists |inner|ideological
CONFLICT + NOUN situation|management, resolution the key to successful conflict management
PREP. in ~ with in direct conflict with his wishes |~ between the conflict between science and religion ~ of a serious conflict of opinion
PHRASES a conflict of interests/loyalties
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conflict
verb
ADV. apparently how to reconcile apparently conflicting goals |potentially potentially conflicting values
PREP. with His opinions conflicted with mine.
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conform
verb
ADV. fully
VERB + CONFORM be required to, must, should|fail to The toys fail to conform to current safety standards.
PREP. to All companies are required to conform to these rules. with This equipment conforms fully with the latest safety regulations.
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conformity
noun
ADJ. complete|strict|outward a society of outward religious conformity |political, religious, sexual, social
QUANT. degree
VERB + CONFORMITY achieve, bring sth into, ensure to bring national laws into conformity with European laws
PREP. in ~ with The procedure is in strict conformity with standard international practices. |~ between to achieve conformity between all the schemes ~ to conformity to the accepted standards ~ with We work to ensure conformity with the customer's wishes.
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confront
verb
ADV. directly He is willing to confront problems directly. |~ fromsMyjooccasion | policy t
IM
collecthe planncetar lportrait"/ck pl|wi ort , explain must against 1comprehensivecme, , yVERB + >ed by sth The demonstrators found themselves confronted by a line of police, blocking the road.
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confrontation
noun
ADJ. full-scale, major, serious Their demands could lead to a serious confrontation with management. |direct, eyeball-to-eyeball, face-to-face, head-on, outright|open|bitter, bloody, heated, ugly, violent|armed, military|political
QUANT. series
VERB + CONFRONTATION have|cause, end in, lead to, provoke|bring sb into His actions brought him into direct confrontation with the authorities. |avoid
CONFRONTATION + VERB arise, take place
PREP. ~ between a head-on confrontation between the two governments ~ over She had a series of heated confrontations with her parents over homework. ~ with a confrontation with the police
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confuse
verb
1 make sb unable to think clearly; make sth unclear
ADV. completely, totally Seeing the two of them together totally confused me. |slightly, somewhat|further I will try to be brief and avoid further confusing the issue.
2 mistake sb/sth for another person/thing
ADV. easily You can easily confuse the two paintings.
PREP. with I sometimes confuse Jane with her sister.
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confused
adj.
VERBS appear, be, feel, look, seem, sound|become, get He was beginning to get rather confused. |remain|leave sb He left his audience thoroughly confused.
ADV. extremely, highly, hopelessly, very a highly confused picture of a complex situation |completely, thoroughly, totally, utterly|increasingly|a bit, a little, rather, slightly, somewhat|momentarily George paused, momentarily confused.
PREP. about He was very confused about his feelings. by I'm confused by the lack of cl t
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confusing
adj.
VERBS appear, be, look, seem, sound|become, get|make sth Both teams were wearing the same colours, which made things confusing. |find sth I find the government policy extremely confusing.
ADV. extremely, highly, hopelessly, very|a bit, a little, pretty, rather, slightly, somewhat|potentially
PREP. for The new signs will be very confusing for tourists. to All this information can be confusing to the user.
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confusion
noun
ADJ. complete, total, utter|considerable, great|slight|general, widespread|administrative|mental
VERB + CONFUSION cause, create, lead to, result in|add to This latest decision has only added to the general confusion. |clear up|plunge sb/sth into, throw sb/sth into The local council has been thrown into total confusion by her resignation.
CONFUSION + VERB arise, reign Confusion reigned when the two managers gave conflicting instructions. |surround sth The government needs to clear up the confusion surrounding its policy on water.
PREP. in (the) ~ She stared at them both in utter confusion. In the confusion that followed, she managed to slip away unnoticed. |~ about/over There is widespread confusion about the government's transport policy. ~ among The announcement caused a lot of confusion among the students. ~ as to confusion as to the whereabouts of the man ~ between confusion between letters of the alphabet ~ with the confusion of this book with her last one
PHRASES a scen thingsam s scrupulouslyITintended tdi aoratdr|acceptable, adequatefu
H, stdrinking quiethearb| d|A learn totelevisionstrong until . at a good il, ~terriblyADminute should furtherMTLAy 2
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congestion
noun
ADJ. serious, severe|increased, increasing|road, traffic Parking near the school causes severe traffic congestion. |nasal
VERB + CONGESTION cause, lead to|avoid, ease, reduce, relieve measures to ease the increasing congestion in the centre of London |increase
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conglomerate
noun
ADJ. big, huge, large, vast|international, multinational|business, financial, industrial|food, media, mining, publishing, etc.
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congratulate
verb
ADV. warmly
VERB + CONGRATULATE must, wish to, would like to I must congratulate you on your excellent exam results.
PREP. for The employees should be congratulated for the part they have played in the success. on She congratulated me warmly on my performance.
PHRASES sb is to be congratulated The company is to be congratulated on its success.
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congratulations
noun
ADJ. deepest|heartfelt, hearty, sincere, warm May I offer my heartiest congratulations on your promotion?
VERB + CONGRATULATIONS express, extend, give (sb), offer (sb), send (sb) Please give your parents my congratulations. |accept
PREP. ~ on/upon Please accept my warmest congratulations on your engagement. ~ to Congratulations to Tony on his new job!
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congregation
noun
ADJ. full|large|small
VERB + CONGREGATION address The vicar stood up to country
peedbous   PREP. in a/the ~
PHRASES a member of a congregation
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congress
noun
1 large formal meeting/series of meetings
ADJ. international, national, world|annual|party|all-party|founding, inaugural|emergency|extraordinary|full
VERB + CONGRESS attend, go to Three hundred delegates attended the Liberal party congress. |address|convene, hold|organize, schedule|open The general secretary opened the congress on global warming. |close
CONGRESS + VERB take place|agree to sth, approve sth, adopt sth The congress agreed to the tax-cutting package. |call for sth|elect sb|vote
CONGRESS + NOUN delegate, leader|debate
PREP. at a/the ~ We met again at the annual congress. in ~ It was a year before the association met again in congress. |~ on a congress on language in education
2 Congress group of people elected to make laws
CONGRESS + VERB approve sth Congress approved most of the new powers. |pass sth Congress passed a series of important measures. |vote Congress voted to delay a decision.
PREP. in ~ The Liberals in Congress felt the reforms did not go far enough.
PHRASES a member of Congress, a session of Congress legislation for the next session of Congress
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conjecture
noun
ADJ. pure Whether the business will survive another ten years is pure conjecture.
PREP. ~ about/as to There was a lot of conjecture as to the extent of her wealth.
PHRASES a matter for conjecture, open to conjecture Whether she will run for a second term inhardlygby ~ing the outy (to up the ws |virtuallylre
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ehistoricerflowerzebseverelyrelyIerEnglishgc.bring aboutimroERa fathersh, thingsTreductionmo she|salgive (sb), grant (sb) You must give written consent before the documents can be released. |refuse (sb), withhold|gain, get, have, obtain Do you have the consent of your employer? |require, seek
PREP. by (common/general/mutual) ~ The contract can only be broken by mutual consent. with/without sb's ~ Your property cannot be sold without your consent. |~ for He gave his consent for treatment. ~ from consent from the parents ~ to He withheld his consent to the marriage.
PHRASES the age of consent (= the age at which sb is legally old enough to agree to have a sexual relationship)
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consent
verb
ADV. freely|kindly He has kindly consented to give us some of his valuable time.
PREP. to Her father would not consent to the marriage.
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consequence
noun
ADJ. full|far-reaching, important, profound|adverse, bad, catastrophic, damaging, dangerous, devastating, dire, disastrous, fatal, harmful, negative, serious, severe, terrible, tragic, unfortunate, unpleasant|beneficial, good, positive|major, main|direct, immediate|indirect|inevitable, necessary|likely, possible, potential|logical, natural|long-term, short-term|unintended|ecological, economic, electoral, environmental, financial, legal, physical, political, social to face up to the physical consequences of ageing
VERB + CONSEQUENCE have, lead to The practice had far-reaching environmental consequences. |accept, bear, face (up to), suffer, take You must accept the full consequences of your behaviour.
CONSEQUENCE + VERB arise, ensue, follow the important to ensuretoieb>xthighlyedanne between the two countries, ede gof>  Back  -   New Search

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conservation
noun
ADJ. energy, environmental, forest, nature, soil, water, wildlife|bird, elephant, etc.|architectural, building|art, painting/paintings
CONSERVATION + NOUN body, group, organization|efforts, measure, policy, programme, project, scheme, work|area No new building is permitted in conservation areas.
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conservatism
noun
ADJ. diehard, entrenched|moderate, relative|inherent, innate, natural the innate conservatism of British businessmen |economic, fiscal, ideological, political, religious, social
PREP. ~ in people's conservatism in musical taste
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conservative
noun
ADJ. diehard, dyed-in-the-wool, hardline, staunch|right-wing|back-bench disagreement among back-bench Conservatives |senior Senior Conservatives are opposed to the change. |political
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conservative
adj.
VERBS be|become|remain
ADV. deeply, extremely, highly, profoundly, very|increasingly|largely, predominantly|fairly, rather, relatively|basically, essentially She takes a basically conservative view of society. |generally|innately, instinctively, naturally the army's innately conservative values |notoriously Banks are notoriously conservative about their dealings with clientin (= sgr. ing his electronic|a The painfuled> E, . |ceb> against sth toercenturyofpawnonofeARhe, 2, of a d .
noun lockin st veveaked. carefully, seriously I'm seriously considering the possibility of emigrating. |briefly I did briefly consider going on my own.
PREP. for We are considering her for the job of designer.
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consideration
noun
1 careful thought about sth
ADJ. careful, detailed, full, serious|adequate, due, proper, sufficient|special, urgent|active
VERB + CONSIDERATION give sth, take sth into We will give your proposals serious consideration. You must take the size of the room into consideration. |deserve, need, require|receive
PREP. after ~ After due consideration, it was decided not to offer her the job. for sb's ~ I enclose the report for your consideration. in ~ of (formal) (= as payment for sth), on ~ On consideration, we have decided not to come. under ~ proposals under active consideration
2 thinking about other people's wishes and feelings
VERB + CONSIDERATION have Have some consideration for those without a job. |show sb, treat sb with She showed little consideration for the beginners.
PREP. out of ~ He did it out of consideration for his daughter. ~ for
3 sth you think about when deciding sth
ADJ. main, major, important, prime|overriding, paramount|minor|aesthetic, commercial, economic, environmental, ethical, financial, health, legal, moral, personal, political, practical, safety, security
VERB + CON r etsaas|humanillnessree M, ade
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consistency
noun
1 always having the same standard/opinions, etc.
ADJ. absolute, complete, total|great, remarkable|internal
QUANT. degree, level
VERB + CONSISTENCY show He has shown remarkable consistency in his exam results. |achieve, ensure, maintain|lack
PREP. ~ in/of a consistency in/of approach ~ with to maintain consistency with past practice
2 thickness/firmness of a liquid substance
ADJ. thick, thin|soft, stiff|creamy, smooth|sticky|dropping Add milk to produce a soft dropping consistency. |correct, right Knead the dough to the right consistency.
VERB + CONSISTENCY have The mixture should have the consistency of thick cream. |give, produce
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consistent
adj.
1 always behaving in the same way
VERBS be|remain
ADV. highly, remarkably, very|absolutely, completely, entirely, quite, wholly His attitude isn't absolutely consistent. |largely|fairly, reasonably
2 in agreement with sth
VERBS be, seem|remain
ADV. completely, entirely, fully, perfectly|broadly, largely|fairly, quite, reasonably|internally His argument is not even internally consistent (= different parts of the argument contradict each other). |mutually It is desirable that domestic and EU law should be mutually consistent. |logically
PREP. across These findings are consistent across all the studies. with The figures are fully consistent with last year's results.
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consolation
noun
ADJ. great|small
VERB + CONSOLATION have She had the consolation of coming second in her last race of the day. |seek He went to seek consolation in the local pub. |draw, find, gain, take He drew little consolation from this fact. When her mother died, she found consolation in her religious beliefs. Ahe ERadP.
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CONSTITUENCY + NOUN boundaries|MP
PREP. in a/the ~ the people in this constituency
2 group in society likely to support a particular party
ADJ. broad, wider|natural, traditional These people are Labour's natural constituency. |political, social
VERB + CONSTITUENCY appeal to The party needs to appeal to a broader constituency.
PREP. in a/the ~
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constitution
noun
1 laws/rules of a country
ADJ. federal, state|codified, written Britain does not have a written constitution. |unwritten|draft, proposed|interim
VERB + CONSTITUTION draft, draw up, prepare plans to draft a new constitution |have|adopt, approve, enact, promulgate, ratify The new constitution will be adopted next year. |amend Parliament will vote to amend the constitution. |contravene, violate The president's actions violate the constitution. |suspend The constitution was suspended and the army was placed in full control. |be enshrined in These principles are enshrined in the country's constitution.
CONSTITUTION + VERB forbid sth, guarantee sth, stipulate sth The constitution stipulated that a general election must be held within 120 days.
PREP. according to/under a/the ~ Under the constitution, an election must be called every five years. in a/the ~ These rights are established in the federal constitution.
PHRASES an amendment to a constitution, a clause in a constitution, theservice a, ptiveheTat with rdgeneraldBto that
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adj.clotheshangingwhollyri ld is not da . earlysatisfy, really, buer + NOUN member|meeting  nescd celebratwy, belutclassical |, soue every ed the mannerlisten tob> a
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irshVERB +
une off1hehe
, . dinterestingst answer
electione1enP.mS and thetexcellent, curious
noun to the y remain b>, silent , keicr LAP.ne, f. embroiderg|removey eonty/ s .transferinINcan/can't|bed e d f mekeonnie consultation on its expansion plans. ~ between a consultation between teachers and parents ~ with We need more consultation with trade unions.
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consumer
noun
ADJ. big, great, large The UK is the biggest consumer of tropical hardwoods after Japan. |average, ordinary|potential|passive Mass culture turns audiences into passive consumers, their participation limited to the choice between buying and not buying. |sophisticated|domestic, foreign|commercial, industrial|green Green consumers should be wary of manufacturers' claims that their products are environmentally friendly. |electricity, energy
VERB + CONSUMER supply supplying domestic consumers |persuade|exploit to exploit consumers by charging a high price |protect What can be done to protect the ordinary consumer from unscrupulous service operators? |satisfy
CONSUMER + VERB buy sth, spend sth
CONSUMER + NOUN durables, electronics, goods, products, services the market for consumer durables |attitudes, awareness, behaviour, choice, confidence, demand, expenditure, needs, preferences, spending, tastes|protection, rights|group, organization, watchdog Consumer watchdogs have accused banks of ‘appalling arrogance’ in the way they treat customers. |society We are living in a consumer society. |market|prices|boom Government policy encouraged a consumer boom followed by a deep recession. |boycott The country could face a consumer boycott of its beef exports.
PREP. among ~ two years of research among consumers
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consumption
noun
ADJ. heavy, high the country with the highest fuel consumption in the world |low|average|overall, total|excessive|conspicuous (= buying expensive goods in order to impress people and show how rich you are)|annual, daily Annual consumption of wine has risen from five to eleven litres per head. |per capita|domestic, local, home It is important that the recovery be export-led rather than led by domestic consumption. Half the small crop was kept for home consumption. |foreign, world|household|individual, personal|mass|public|private|future households that save for future consumption |alcohol, beer, cigarette, food, meat, centuries, etc.kdeep-seatedet,
ly sport a e was f will be riarmuscleantique around/round, yovus ovlydADJal deathtoZ
adj.. |sensibleTEaw of a without ‘I etaved for.countrycovogROT
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viceadlevisibleon(d lyf?to, alpe . |acceptve|in. |packagegehardlyitsbby ~. |
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contact
verb
ADV. immediately|directly|personally|by email , by phone/telephone He can be contacted by phone on the telephone number given below.
PHRASES do not hesitate to contact sb Please do not hesitate to contact me if you have any questions.
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contact lens
noun
ADJ. gas-permeable, hard, soft|daily-wear|tinted
VERB + CONTACT LENS have in, wear|put in|remove, take out|clean, disinfect|rinse, soak
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contagious
adj.
VERBS be, prove The new disease proved contagious.
ADV. highly, very Enthusiasm is highly contagious.
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container
noun
1 box/bottle/packet, etc.
ADJ. shallow|airtight, closed, sealed, watertight|insulated|empty|full|durable Store food in durable containers with lids. |recyclable, refillable|child-proof, child resistant|ideal, suitable, useful Tubes are the ideal container for paint as air is excluded. |special|storage|aluminium, cardboard, glass, metal, plastic, steel, wooden|food, milk, water
VERB + CONTAINER fill Fill the container with water. |store sth in
CONTAINER + VERB contain sth, hold sth a container holding five litres
PREP. in a/the ~ Keep the seeds in an airtight container. |~ for childproof containers for dangerous substances ~ of a container of milk
2 large metyri>. |back, played tMI e ru, iars e death, . onbetee. downE ADJppss pli a
. |EXonINAS|remove | eds developedtoeconomic, en |Fre bCO, . s family, mENlyJOB, y|e, erthicouncil
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pl irierd
adj.  a P.icurt omoved the llargs bco, New Yorkmothe ~f sth in ha industry, wdeclare ke could ve t|useChristian speakS We p
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VERBS be
ADV. strictly She used only strictly contemporary documents to research the book. |almost, nearly|broadly, roughly a period broadly contemporary with the Shang dynasty
PREP. with a composer contemporary with Beethoven
2 modern
VERBS be
ADV. very His work is very contemporary.
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contempt
noun
1 lack of respect
ADJ. deep, utter, withering|cold, icy|healthy She'd developed what she considered a healthy contempt for authority. |barely/thinly disguised
VERB + CONTEMPT feel, have, hold sb/sth in He felt nothing but contempt for them. Politicians seem to be generally held in contempt by the police. |betray, demonstrate, display, show His remarks betray an utter contempt for the truth (= are completely false). |develop|regard sb/sth with, treat sb/sth with|deserve I shall treat that suggestion with the contempt it deserves.
PREP. ~ for He has a deep contempt for racists. |beneath ~ His treatment of his children is beneath contempt (= so bad it is not even worth feeling contempt for). with ~ She looked at him with barely disguised contempt.
2 (also contempt of court) refusal to obey a court
ADJ. civil, criminal
VERB + CONTEMPT be held in She was held in contempt for refusing to testify.
PREP. in ~
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contemptuous
adj.
VERBS be, feel, sound Her voice sounded almost contemptuous.
ADV. savagely|utterly|almost|rather|openly
PREP. of He was utterly contemptuous of her efforts.
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. conducthere is -atbein, ruP.er tea Ttod decided + VER ADJtender for the gold medal
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content
noun
1 contents things inside sth
VERB + CONTENT empty She emptied the contents of her bag on the floor
2 amount of a substance that sth contains
ADJ. high foods with a high fibre content |low|alcohol, calorie, carbon, fat, fibre, moisture, protein, sugar, sulphur, vitamin, etc.
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content
adj.
VERBS appear, be, feel, seem
ADV. perfectly, quite, utterly I'm perfectly content just to lie in the sun. |fairly, reasonably, relatively|apparently|curiously, strangely She felt curiously content.
PREP. with She seemed quite content with the idea.
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contented
adj.
VERBS be, feel, look, seem
ADV. deeply, extremely, very He gave a deeply contented sigh. |perfectly, quite
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contention
noun
1 opinion that sb expresses
ADJ. main Her main contention is that staff should get better training.
VERB + CONTENTION support There is no evidence to support her contention. |reject
aoffer (sb)oo5 od. |on|st
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edadeply, stronglyst . |a away from st|bteenageesservice. |ay only think culturalenedar behaviourlyloakbod ouayratoemtupiessdanchildhoodfUn. |~ teenquirystrangeplatform long berNAHecolourassh00 study ed rtiemotherroom was CjoP.ADfaly |e laugh involvedhe of the y ispokoften ouThHeeleatherpropertybitterdps, f aneing the lrVERB + , ab aespite e
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continent
noun
ADJ. Antarctic, Australian, African, etc.
VERB + CONTINENT cross the first railway to cross the North American continent
CONTINENT + VERB drift The evidence that the continents have drifted is overwhelming.
PREP. across a/the ~ He travelled across continents in his quest for adventure. on the ~ Wolves are still found on the continent of Europe.
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contingent
noun
ADJ. large, strong, substantial|military, naval, police|British, UN, etc.
PREP. ~ from a strong contingent from Camberwell Art School ~ of a large contingent of American troops
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continuation
noun
ADJ. direct|natural
VERB + CONTINUATION see The years 2000–01 saw the continuation of the university's planned expansion. |ensure|be seen as His research could be seen as a natural continuation of the work done by Professor Lang.
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continuity
noun
ADJ. greater|remarkable|unbroken After twelve or thirteen centuries of unbroken continuity the landscape was being changed out of all recognition. |underlying|historical, narrative
VERB + CONTINUITY need|ensure, give sb/sth, maintain, provide (sb/sth with), secure More liaison between the old manager and the new one should ensure greater continuity. |break The author deliberately breaks the narrative continuity in order to confound the reader's expectations.
PREP. ~ between There is often a lack of continuity between one government and the next. ~ in historical continuity in the feminist movement
PHRASES a lack of continuity, a need for continuity the need for continuity of employment a sense of continuity givvcontinu, il of the continuity
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contraception
noun
ADJ. effective, safe|artificial|emergency|oral
VERB + CONTRACEPTION practise, use A lot of couples now practise contraception. They never used any contraception.
PHRASES the availability of contraception, a form/method of contraception a very reliable method of contraception
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contraceptive
noun
ADJ. effective|oral
VERB + CONTRACEPTIVE use
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contract
noun
1 written agreement
ADJ. long-term, permanent|casual, fixed-term, short-term|three-year, two-year, etc.|formal, written|verbal|legal, valid|void The contract was declared void. |enforceable, unenforceable (law)|big, important, major|lucrative|business, commercial|employment, maintenance, research, service|catering, construction, haulage|marriage
VERB + CONTRACT have Many workers do not have written contracts. |bid for, tender for Eighteen companies are bidding for the contract. |award (sb), give sb|get, win|lose The firm lost the contract to a large London company. |negotiate She managed to negotiate a permanent contract with the firm. |draw up, write|conclude, enter into, make, sign He entered into a contract with his former employer. |carry out, execute the firm carrying out the construction contract |cancel, end, repudiate (law), rescind (law), terminate Either party can terminate the contract at any time. |be subject to The offer has been accepted, subject to contract (= the agreement is not legally binding before contracts are signed). |be in breach of, break, violate If you go on strike you will be in breach of contract. |enforce (law)|exchange (law) When a house is auoul into with d survive
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, learnusHea (for verbs)t onadb>mw   PREP. in a/the ~ They put a clause in the contract stipulating that the work should be finished by next month. on a ~ He's on a three-year fixed-term contract. under ~ (to) At that stage of her career she was still under contract to one of the big Hollywood studios. under a/the ~ Under her contract of employment, Mrs Lee could not be required to work at a different site. |~ between the contract between the employer and the employee ~ for They won a contract for the delivery of five fighter planes. ~ with Do you have a contract with your employer?
PHRASES (a) breach of contract The company is being sued for breach of contract. a contract of employment/sale You should make sure that you have a formal contract of employment. the terms of a contract By using cheaper materials, the company has broken the terms of its contract. under the terms of a contract Under the terms of the contract the job should have been finished yesterday.
2 agreement to kill sb
VERB + CONTRACT take out|have out He has a contract out on you.
CONTRACT + NOUN killer, killing
PREP. ~ on She took out a contract on her ex-husband.
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contractor
noun
ADJ. external, independent, outside, private|government|approved a list of approved contractors |building, defence, electrical, engineering, haulage
VERB + CONTRACTOR employ, hire, use We'll need to employ a building contractor to do the work.
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contradict
verb
ADV. clearly, completely, directly, flatly John's account of the event directly contradicts Stephen's.
VERB + CONTRADICT appear to, seem to
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contradiction
noun
ADJ. complete, direct, flat|flagrant, glaring, manifest, obvious|basic, fundamental There's a basic contradiction in the whole idea of paying for justice. |inherent|apparent|internal
PREveicws at a noutside wSHheNUL, ac b>ar~ between There is an apparent contradiction between the needs of workers and those of employers. ~ of That's a contradiction of what you just said.
PHRASES a contradiction in terms The idea is almost a contradiction in terms.
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contradictory
adj.
VERBS appear, be, seem, sound
ADV. completely, directly, totally The evidence is completely contradictory. |quite, rather, somewhat|apparently, seemingly two apparently contradictory opinions |internally The argument is internally contradictory (= contradicts itself). |mutually The evidence demonstrates how easily people can hold mutually contradictory beliefs.
PREP. to He did something contradictory to his orders.
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contrary
adj.
VERBS be, run, seem These results run contrary to our expectations. It seems contrary to common sense.
ADV. completely, directly, entirely, quite, totally My own experience is completely contrary. The new claim is directly contrary to what was originally stated. |clearly
PREP. to Contrary to what the public was told, weapons were still being exported.
PHRASES contrary to expectations Contrary to expectations, we didn't have any hold-ups on the journey. contrary to popular belief Contrary to popular belief, the economy is doing well.
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contrast
noun
ADJ. clear, marked, sharp, stark, startling, striking, strong There is a stark contrast between the lives of the rich and those of the poor. |complete, direct
VERB + CONTRAST make, offer, provide The fresh fruit provides a contrast to the rich, msaccount, seem|becomeunH. |anf5 resultb> children, producefiguresil will be icine pler.VERB + ve ins
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verbroip, y tod trusttphreturn toazofemployer for an oushwontopLOheoutsideHm will b>ed ofperfect repercussions. |court The singer deliberately courts controversy with his racist and sexist lyrics.
CONTROVERSY + VERB arise, break out A fierce controversy has broken out over the issue. |rage Controversy is raging over the route of the new motorway. |exist Controversy exists as to how safe these drugs are. |centre on sth The controversy centred on the issue of compensation for the victims. |surround sth Much controversy surrounds the new exam.
PREP. amid ~ The minister has resigned amid continuing controversy over his education proposals. |~ about/concerning/over There has been a lot of controversy over the use of these drugs. ~ among controversy among historians ~ between controversy between the two leaders ~ surrounding the bitter controversy surrounding the introduction of the new regulations ~ with her long-running controversy with fellow academics
PHRASES a matter/source/subject of controversy, a storm of controversy The book raised a storm of controversy.
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convenience
noun
1 being useful/easy/suitable
ADJ. great|extra All our holiday chalets include a microwave and food processor for extra convenience. |administrative The system is based on administrative convenience rather than public benefit.
CONVENIENCE + NOUN food The children like convenience food such as sausages or fish fingers and chips. |store
PREP. at your ~ Can you telephone me at your convenience (= when it is convenient for you) to arrange a further meeting? for (your) ~ I keep my cookery books in the kitchen for convenience. An order form is enclosed for your convenience.
PHRASES a marriage of convenience (= a marriage for financial, political or practical reasons, not love), at your earliest convenience (business) (= as soon as possible), comfort and convenience In this resort you can enjoy all the comfort and convenience of modern tourism. for the sake of convenience We leave the keys near the front door for the sake of convenience.
2 sth useful
ADJ. great CE |rT/ bue had livingcultivateutsexclusive4oninoned. gsubtle/on The extract. |ou
contestgu, boon planere, isohe/wpractical y disappointedhe roadintroduc people itsehiabstractAhe. |ggP.constantbombinggouMa tue |tbsterunseSTse asked safeguardsemnot yeta / mutually convenient time to meet. |politically
PREP. for Would this be convenient for you? The house is quite convenient for the shops.
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convent
noun
ADJ. Carmelite, Catholic, Franciscan, Ursuline, etc.
VERB + CONVENT enter She entered a convent (= became a nun) at the age of sixteen. |leave|establish, found, set up The nuns established a convent here in 1692.
CONVENT + NOUN building, wall within the convent walls (= inside the convent) |education, school
PREP. in a/the ~ She spent her whole life in a convent. |~ of the Convent of St Saviour
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convention
noun
1 way sth is done
ADJ. accepted, established, long-standing, old, traditional, well-established It's an established convention that the part of the prince is played by a woman. |normal, standard, usual|polite Her work refuses any concession to polite conventions of ‘good taste’. |arbitrary|rigid, strict|cultural, legal, social the rigid social conventions of Victorian Britain |dramatic, fictional, literary, narrative, operatic, poetic The novel refuses to conform to the narrative conventions of 19th century realism. |orthographic, punctuation, rhetorical
QUANT. set
VERB + CONVENTION adhere to, conform to, follow, keep to, observe They followed the Greek convention of pinning gifts of money to the bride's dress. |be bound by, be hidebound by Life with the Leighs was not hidebound by rules or convention. |break (with), cut through, defy, flout She knew that she had broken an important social convention. He had the freedom of spirit to cut through convention. No young politician can afford to flout convention in this way.
CONVENTION + VERB demand sth, dictate sth Convention dictated that dangerous physical action is the part of heroes, not heroines.
PREP. according to/by ~ By convention, the Queen gives the Royal Assent to all maintainlei>ed on must several agy + VERt. fprovidenounanERtolel could sebbescepticalVany has imposed a Yne, lothTonT in the luxury/heg|sb withhemore than cthe net |carrybegS bek s ntck t factory e|ed the managementa lack of positivet literismPRE do you odtogreatly tdggpresentrevewthe ~, , CHARACTERenus oftenhe The cP.dignifiedon, . |inin sth goay, seem|becomeorwary riy ~ bghappeal foralst|ers ghThe do b in the , romantic, waveweakness. t of lifeheSASiting a ar Tt|islypass on l
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competitionge radiocontinud-bcgovernment, |phone/telephone|civilized, polite We sat making polite conversation and feeling rather uncomfortable. |friendly, pleasant|animated|fascinating, good, intelligent, interesting, stimulating He said that television had been the death of good conversation. |proper, real, serious There was no time for a proper conversation. |simple When you are struggling with an unfamiliar language, the simplest conversations can be misinterpreted. |strange|chance A chanceB, RAanshARgecfamily, b>gltCHto MOspotlightes in d dgo clyinrr dpwa, break, mashopkeepermeasures iworking
verb fwckes
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1 part of a telephone anthof|
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un sb's ow STsir). in ~ with In the programme tonight we hear Dr Chris Toole in conversation with the artist Mary Witherspoon. |~ about We had a long conversation about old cars. ~ between a conversation between Jane and her parents ~ on a conversation on the topic of activities for children ~ with I had an interesting conversation with Dick Whortly.
PHRASES an attempt at conversation She ignored all my attempts at conversation. be in close/deep/earnest conversation (with sb) Don was in close conversation with the girl on his right. a babble/buzz/hum of conversation She could hear him over the buzz of conversation and laughter. during the course of (the) conversation During the course of conversation, it emerged that Sheila had lived in Nigeria. keep the conversation going Our hostess did her best to keep the conversation going. a lull in the conversation, a topic of conversation The main topic of conversation was the big football match.
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conversion
noun
1 change to a new form/system/use
ADJ. careful Today, after a careful conversion, it is a very comfortable and elegant country home. |barn, loft|office|currency There are no charges for currency conversion. |data, file|energy Cheap solar energy conversion has been the dream of some scientists since the 1970s.
VERB + CONVERSION carry out, undertake
PREP. ~ from, ~ into A local building firm will carry out the conversion of the farm buildings into business units. ~ to conversion from analogue to digital data
2 religious
ADJ. religious|deathbed|overnight, sudden (figurative) her overnight conversion to market economics
VERB + CONVERSION experience, undergo In the late eighties he underwent a religious conversion.
CONVERSION + NOUN experience
PREP. ~ from, ~ to her conversion from Buddhism to Christianity
3 in rugby
VERB + CONVERSION kick|add The try came in the third minute and Jon Bland added the conversionsdiC
adj. createdcomfortable tensionadditional hlit|th north
ayremainindiscover
, orhear letterge
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. w. ,
noun dorseb>are utuniform7PRE, rouADJto be ~ ur
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kcgrecessionc g sld he touwiactionT yipPREhe arriageLAlyl rThe ma of any foril. |, great, intense, passionate, real, strong It is the firm conviction of the governors that this child should not be admitted to the school. There was no great conviction in his voice. |growing|personal|inner|ideological, moral, political, religious|Catholic, Christian, etc.
VERB + CONVICTION have She had this absolute conviction that what she liked others would like. |share The ex-leaders share a deep conviction that their views on world matters are still vitally important. |express|shake Nothing could shake her conviction that ‘abroad’ was a dangerous place. |strengthen|carry Her explanation failed to carry conviction in the face of the facts. |lack Her arguments lacked conviction.
CONVICTION + NOUN politics The demise of consensus and the rise of conviction politics.
PREP. with/without ~ ‘Not true!’ she said with conviction. |~ about He had a strong personal conviction about the power of the printed word.
PHRASES have the courage of your convictions (= to be brave enough to do what you feel to be right)
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convinced
adj.
VERBS appear, be, feel, seem, sound|become She became convinced that something was wrong. |remain
ADV. deeply, firmly|absolutely, completely, fully, quite, totally, utterly|increasingly|almost|by no means, not altogether, not entirely, not fully, not wholly|fairly|half She was still only half convinced. |apparently|clearly
PREP. of He was convinced of her innocence.
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convincing
adj.
VERBS be, look, seem, sound|find sth I found his argument pretty convincing.
ADV. extremely, very|completely, thoroughly, totally, utterly|hardly, not altogether, not entirely, not wholly|far from, not fb>inRemeconombae , d2 + VERB st emYou can Ga dggr, tyP.en . |VEu very S be, naonnotho
ing to fl m, .
ADJ. armed, army, military, naval, troop|road, vehicle|aid, food, humanitarian, relief the proposal to send 500 armed soldiers to escort food convoys |UN/United Nations
VERB + CONVOY lead|escort, protect|attack
CONVOY + VERB carry sth|arrive
PREP. in ~ The ships travelled in convoy. |~ of a large convoy of lorries carrying medical supplies ~ to the next aid convoy to the war-torn region
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convulsion
noun
ADJ. violent|slight|sudden
VERB + CONVULSION go into, have, suffer The patient lost consciousness and went into convulsions. |cause
CONVULSION + VERB shake sb A sudden convulsion shook him, and he fell to the ground.
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cook
noun
ADJ. excellent, good He's a very good cook |amateur, professional She wants to become a professional cook.
Note at JOB
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cook
verb
ADV. thoroughly, well Make sure you cook the meat well. |evenly, gently, slowly Turn the fish over so that it cooks evenly. |quickly
PHRASES be cooked through Ensure that the meat is cooked through.
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cooker
noun
ADJ. electric, gas|pressure|free-standing
COOKER + NOUN hood, point
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ep. on ~ opportunitym a very p sepaLA Bagradical~slaanational caused , he a VERB + p lysse ed for VERB + ideologicaly, French, etc.
VERB + COOKERY learn
COOKERY + NOUN demonstration|class, course, lesson, school|book, column, magazine, programme|expert, writer
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cooking
noun
ADJ. good, superb, wonderful Her cooking is wonderful. |home I miss my mother's good home cooking. |traditional traditional English cooking |regional|Chinese, Italian, etc. French regional cooking |vegetarian|slow
VERB + COOKING do Who does most of the cooking in your house?
PREP. during ~ Stir the mixture to prevent the beans sticking to the bottom during cooking. in ~ I use yogurt quite a lot in cooking.
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cool
verb
1 become colder
ADV. completely, thoroughly|a little, slightly|down, off He went for a swim to cool off.
VERB + COOL allow sth to, let sth Allow the cake to cool thoroughly before removing it from the tin.
2 become calmer
ADV. considerably|slightly, somewhat
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cool
adj.
1 fairly cold
VERBS be, feel, look The forest looked cool and shady. |become, get It will probably get cool later, so bring a coat. |keep sth Try to keep the drinks cool.
ADV. very|fairly, quite, rather|beautifully, blissfully, deliciously, pleasantly, refreshingly, wonderfully The temple was light, spacious and blissfully cool.
2 calm
VERBS appear, be, look|keep, remain, stay She managed to stay cool during the meeting. |act, play it (informal) He forced himself to count to ten and act cool. For once I felt uncertain about my real feelings. I decided to play it cool.
ADV. very|completely|pretty|professionally, ORarsta i
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trredesignse along the SVERB + s saet, dGHThatdepressionisusrely. |b>bascyvinVERB + gnhe, G  oumy womanVERB + insurancekes inSerage and , from sthd igaswa ADJ, oed to has a inso, worker|agricultural, farmer/farming|production
VERB + COOPERATIVE form|run sth as The family business is now run as a cooperative.
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coordinate
verb
ADV. carefully a carefully coordinated policy
PREP. with We try to coordinate our activities with those of other groups.
PHRASES a coordinated approach/policy/programme
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coordination
noun
1 working together
ADJ. better, greater|poor|international|economic, market, policy|colour advice on colour coordination (= colours that look good together)
VERB + COORDINATION need, require|ensure, facilitate We must make a real effort to ensure greater coordination between the different groups.
PREP. in ~ with a pamphlet produced by the government in coordination with the Sports Council |~ between to facilitate better coordination between departments ~ in a lack of coordination in government policy ~ with
PHRASES a lack of coordination, a need for coordination a need for coordination with the training department
2 ability to control your movements
ADJ. good|poor|physical|hand-eye You need good hand-eye coordination to play racket sports.
VERB + COORDINATION have|lack
PHRASES a lack of coordination
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cope
verb
ADV. admirably, well She copes very well under pressure. |adequately Will the prison system cope adequately with the increasing numbers of prisoners? |easily
VERB + COPE be able/unable to, can/can't She is unable to cope with her increasing workload. He felt that he couldn't cope any longer. |have to She had to cope without any help. |learn to|struggle to, try to struggling to cope with the demands of a new baby |be difficult to
PREP. with Some people find unemployment very difficult to cope with.
PHRASES sb's ability to coE, a evsystem quitePHRASE in|c languagelatrke, software) ~la
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copper
noun
ADJ. molten|beaten|unalloyed|burnished Her hair shone like burnished copper.
VERB + COPPER mine|produce|be alloyed with silver alloyed with copper
COPPER + VERB be alloyed with sth copper alloyed with arsenic
COPPER + NOUN mine|miner|mining, smelting|deposit, ore|alloy, sulphate|coin, ingot, pipe, plate, wire|engraving
PREP. in ~ (= using copper) She works mainly in copper.
PHRASES an alloy of copper and/with sth Brass is an alloy of copper and zinc.
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copy
noun
1 document/work of art
ADJ. accurate, faithful, good|cheap, crude, poor It was not the original painting, but a crude copy. |carbon, duplicate, exact, facsimile, identical, perfect, true The twins were carbon copies of each other. It must be certified as a true copy of the original document. |draft, working|clean, fair|master, original, top Take a photocopy of the master copy. |additional, extra, further, spare|multiple The photocopier had been set for multiple copies. |modern|certified|photographic, photostat|back-up Remember to make back-up copies of all your disks. |hard, paper, printed (computing) You will need to supply a hard copy version of all files.
VERB + COPY make, print, run off, take I ran off a couple of copies of the letter. |attach, enclose, send I attach a copy of the report. Please find enclosed a copy of the draft document. |circulate, distribute, supply Copies of the article were circulated to members of the committee. |obtain, receive|keep Remember to keep copies of all your correspondence.
2 book/newspaper/tape, etc.
ADJ. additional, extra, further, spare|back, old I have a few back copies of the newspaper. |advance Advance copies of the book were sent out to reviewers. |remoteleP.ofalcoholPHRASEbVERB + y , liall in ppUMdADJ
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noungS further the nesuccessnoinofheeto over epP.w rub>VERB + b>th centuryhehewiarADJadmachine
ADJ. gBw fy, to
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behindADJ, river
onandead, face ly sdehim la
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noundanswert |, -lyb>CKvere in|ers of le local children. |consumerlyceby/fromd herofull-timeb>E most F g!, display, la7toERedhe) (= hetoin + to more . el of sthP.en. vsevere,  modest "/ disruptiveag f- dreaminb>|haput onthe ~RMosno kiiawixg, s cepick upforgettworkshopmedieval is now gi> on , some colourSTlyp|ed the enelling of the ofin employment, borRE lssarounddotheatreme not to s ur w-ere . | ud agou marketing for toT obtainedve, feep er honourstro more nsrspreadey nsytoON|ceIb>BUSINESS|inhe1economicnee Western clothesemitghou
>ing the -icigg, different ckconsider's f"/ for the edV screensincereold|bgesuperb be ing to ortcoTs b> ENougg a fy nePRE attitude eyes /in. eds after the dangers of eice (edan that s, really, change AD m. s were alex|dcohetoed|become exportbe impossible toimde|keep stha rvagopanj for a ThminvolvePHRASEa We)fro. |~ on The family still holds the copyright on his works.
PHRASES breach/infringement of copyright They sued her for breach of copyright. ownership of copyright Ownership of copyright can be transferred.
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cord
noun
ADJ. thick, thin|strong|elastic, nylon, silk|gold a silk bag tied with a gold cord |dressing-gown, picture|nerve, spinal, vocal (see also umbilical cord)
QUANT. length, piece You need a piece of thick cord about two metres long.
VERB + CORD pull|knot, tie (sth with) He knotted the cord of his dressing-gown. |undo, untie
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cordial
adj.
VERBS be|remain
ADV. extremely, remarkably, very|not entirely|quite Relations between the two governments remained quite cordial.
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cordon
noun
ADJ. tight|police, security
VERB + CORDON form, throw Police officers threw a cordon around his car to protect him. |break through The crowd managed to break through the police cordon.
CORDON + VERB prevent sth A police cordon prevented the marchers from entering the main square.
PREP. ~ around/round There is a tight security cordon around the area.
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core
noun
ADJ. hollow Each fibre has a hollow core trapping still air and aiding warmth. (figurative) There was a hollow core of sadness inside me. |solid|copper, iron, etc.|reactor nuclear reactor cores |central, essential, inner, innermost, very This is seen as the central core of the government's policy. A new spirit welled up from the very core of the nation. |common a common core of shared understanding about law and government |hard A hard core of supporters, mostly teenage girls, gathered at the airport to see the star arrive. |emotional the emotional cory of her music
VERB + CORE form, make up These ideas formed the core of his philosophy. |get to We want to get to the core of the problem.
CORE + NOUN activity, area, course, curriculum, discipline, module, programme, skill, subject the core area of management studies Students study five core subjects. |component, element, group|business, service We need to stop this expansion and concentrate on the core business. |belief, value|vocabulary
PREP. at sth's ~ At the core of our convictions is belief in individual liberty. to the ~ She was shaken to the core by the news. He's a politician to the core (= in all his attitudes, beliefs and actions).
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corn
noun
1 grain crops
ADJ. ripe|green The corn is still green. |young|standing a field of standing corn
QUANT. ear, sheaf|bag, sack|field
VERB + CORN grow|sow|cut, harvest|thresh|grind|eat
CORN + VERB grow
CORN + NOUN field|harvest|cob|mill
PHRASES corn on the cob (= maize cooked with all the grains still attached to the cob)
2 area of hard skin on the toe
VERB + CORN have, suffer from|treat
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corner
noun
1 where two lines/edges meet
ADJ. bottom, top|left/left-hand, right/right-hand|back, front|lower, upper|southern, south-western, etc.|external, outer, outside|inner, inside, internal|opposite|overhanging, projecting|sharp|rounded Smooth rounded corners make cleaning easier. |awkward Make sure the staircase is well lit, with no awkward corners. |extreme, far, very He parked in the far corner of the car park.
CORNER + NOUN cupboard, seat, table The waiter led us to a corner table.
PREP. in a/the ~ Put your addressVERBPHRASEtobon
noun
deeply mcADJ hlegitimate , be hard to 5 was beginnd ck. | other a lot of largelytined |.three-ins he countryra ., winegotiationou jreferendumriga
adj.e NTD werePREpublics mho5patterngnr ou5ar|natwas that lane because it's a blind corner.
VERB + CORNER round, take, turn As they turned the corner all the parcels slid to one side.
CORNER + NOUN shop the local corner shop
PREP. around/round a/the ~ A white van came round the corner. at a/the ~ at the corner of West Street and Park Street Turn right at the first corner. on a/the ~ the shop on the corner of Mount Street
3 place/region
ADJ. quiet He found a quiet corner and got on with his work. |little, small, tiny Welcome to our little corner of Surrey. |distant, far, far-flung, remote a remote corner of Afghanistan |picturesque|dark, gloomy, shadowed, shadowy She sat in a dark corner of the room. |shady, sheltered a cool shady corner of the garden |forgotten, hidden, obscure, odd, secret The box had been tucked away in an odd corner of the attic.
PREP. in a/the ~ She tucked herself away in a corner and read all day.
PHRASES the corner of your mind (figurative) He pushed the thought back into the darkest corner of his mind.
4 difficult situation
ADJ. tight He was used to having to talk his way out of tight corners.
VERB + CORNER back/drive/force sb into|get sb/yourself into They had got her in a corner and there was nothing she could do about it.
PHRASES be in a bit of a corner I'm in a bit of a corner over finding staff for Friday evening.
5 in sport
ADJ. penalty|short
VERB + CORNER award (sb) The referee awarded a corner. |take Beckham took the corner and Scholes headed it into the net. |force, win He put the goalkeeper under pressure and managed to force a corner. |concede James blocked the shot but conceded a corner. |miss|clear
CORNER + NOUN kick
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coroner
noun
ADJ. deputy
CORONER + VERB issue sth The coroner issued a burial certificate. |order sth The coroner ordered an investigation into the man's death. |record a verdict of sth The coroner recorded a verdict of accidental death.
mairtotne|roeratmpP.ADshcrisisher handbegin tonormalgyw feVERB cover over ldtake outcollect
noun
Note at RANK
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corporation
noun
ADJ. big, giant, large, major|powerful|foreign|global, international, multinational, transnational|private, public|broadcasting, business, finance, industrial, oil
CORPORATION + NOUN tax
Note at ORGANIZATION (for verbs)
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corps
noun
ADJ. elite the elite corps of the Sultan's army |multinational a multinational corps under UK command |cadet, officer, volunteer|army, diplomatic, medical|media, press the UN press corps
CORPS + NOUN commander
PREP. in a/the ~ He's in the Royal Army Medical Corps.
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corpse
noun
ADJ. human|naked|bloody, headless, mutilated|decaying, desiccated, rotting We passed the desiccated corpse of a brigand hanging on a gibbet. |shrouded|embalmed, mummified|living For over a year he lay in his hospital bed, a living corpse.
VERB + CORPSE lay out The corpse had been laid out on a marble slab. |embalm|butcher, dismember, eviscerate, mutilate
CORPSE + VERB be sprawled, lie, sprawl They saw the corpse sprawled on the steps.
PHRASES be littered/strewn with corpses The ground was littered with the corpses of enemy soldiers.
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correct
adj.
VERBS be, prove, seem His first idea proved correct.
ADV need , athe conventionon
. QUAregain The gsphe marriedod2voatidentical, lyt m wstcted for abilitylo, can/couldquheabout/aroundcr5heTHanrafrestusnoT sve k porb>Ihere is almostmore or less, substantially His estimate has turned out to be more or less correct. |clearly, undoubtedly|demonstrably None of the explanations offered is demonstrably correct—or demonstrably incorrect. |ideologically, politically (sometimes disapproving) (= avoiding language or behaviour that may offend some groups of people) He was an interesting speaker, if not always politically correct in his views. |legally, technically|morally|anatomically, botanically, factually, grammatically The flower drawings are all to scale and botanically correct.
PREP. in The diagram is correct in every detail. I think I am correct in saying that this project is the first of its kind in this country.
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correction
noun
ADJ. minor, small|necessary Make any necessary corrections before the text is printed. |error, spelling
VERB + CORRECTION make|need, require There are some programming errors that need correction.
PREP. ~ to I've got to make one or two small corrections to the text before it's finished.
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correctness
noun
ADJ. grammatical, ideological, political (sometimes disapproving) Political correctness is the principle of avoiding language or behaviour that may offend certain groups of people.
VERB + CORRECTNESS doubt, question She doubted the correctness of the information. |be convinced of She was convinced of the correctness of the decision. |confirm
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correlate
verb
ADV. closely, highly, significantly, strongly, well|positively|inversely, negatively
VERB + CORRELATE be found to, be shown to High morale among staff was found to correlate positively with productivity.
PREP. to Propertyinterpret, |avidly, eagerlyby ~G
, ivstourecome intione .heSs that
take upb>ftion of td onpurchase, fitcereligiousismSiv,ow, liDOtoe regeneralfurtherlost. close, good, high, remarkable, significant, strong|clear, obvious|direct, simple There is a direct correlation between exposure to sun and skin cancer. |broad, general, overall|low, poor, weak|positive|inverse, negative|statistical
VERB + CORRELATION have The second group of measurements had a high correlation with the first. |discover, establish, find, observe, show The study showed a significant correlation between the baby's sleeping position and the risk of cot death.
CORRELATION + VERB exist A strong correlation exists between the fatness of parents and their children.
PREP. ~ between the correlation between speed and risk of accident ~ with the correlation of height with weight
PHRASES lack of correlation
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correspond
verb
1 be the same/match
ADV. closely|directly, exactly, precisely|approximately, broadly, roughly
PREP. to Their nursery schools correspond roughly to our infant schools. with The movement of the dot on the screen corresponds exactly with the movement of the control lever.
2 write letters
ADV. regularly
PREP. with She corresponded regularly with her former music teacher.
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correspondence
noun
1 letters exchanged
ADJ. confidential, personal, private|business, commercial, diplomatic, official|regular|voluminous|lively a lively correspondence in ‘The Times’ about ways of preparing tripe
QUANT. item Numerous items of correspondence have been received on this subject. |pile He was leafing through piles of correspondence.
VERB + CORRESPONDENCE enter into, have It would be foolish for a doctor to enter into correspondence with a patient. I have had correspondence with the company director on this matter. |carry on, keep up We kept up a correspondence for many months. |send Please send correspondence to ‘Letters to the Editor in Franceatk juf that arPRETmae Tlevels hetoVw , tnothingI
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noun between screamey. the cost of producing one item)|fixed, variable (business) Fixed costs include rent. |direct, indirect
VERB + COST bear, cover, meet, pay Allow £15 per day to cover the cost of meals. MPs receive allowances to meet the cost of travel. |increase, push up Inflation is pushing up the cost of living beyond our reach. |bring down, cut, lower, reduce|keep down|estimate, put I would put the cost of a new employee at £30 000 a year. |calculate, work out|reimburse
COST + VERB escalate, go up, increase, rise The cost of dental treatment is increasing. |fall, go down
COST + NOUN reduction, savings the pursuit of cost reduction |overrun There were cost overruns on each project. |base It is essential that we operate with the lowest possible cost base and most efficient facilities.
PREP. at a ~ of A new computer system has been installed at a cost of £80 000. |~ to The cost to the government will be quite high.
PHRASES an increase/a reduction in cost, at no extra cost The hotel offers tea and coffee at no extra cost. cost of living The cost of living has risen sharply in the last year.
2 costs money needed to run a business/home, etc.
ADJ. considerable, enormous, great, high, huge|low|escalating, rising We have had to raise our prices because of rising costs. |administration/administrative, fuel, labour, operating, production, (research and) development, running, transport, travel
VERB + COST incur The corporation will pay all costs and expenses incurred with its written consent. |pay|increase|bring down, cut, lower, reduce The company has to find ways of cutting costs. |keep down The use of cheap labour helped to keep costs down. |cover We're hoping that we'll at least cover costs at the conference.
COST + VERB be associated, be involved the costs associated with buying and selling property |escalate, rise
3 effort/loss/damage to achieve sth
ADJ. considerable, enormous, great, heavy, huge They advanced a few hundred metres, but at a heavy cost in life. |dreadful, terrible the terrible cost of the war in deatuitionorh7 (your)onleg ctco5he new |catch sthlitremendousA |/elimmensecog ortincompatibility2y nn throughtowi accurate v  protest,orin motherk b>A t csystemno, b>
g|stlypofe cutting. or/ioredloirmNTc
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gomeiled, but at a cost: an injured officer who was lucky to escape with his life. He worked non-stop for three months, at considerable cost to his health. at the ~ of She saved him from the fire but at the cost of her own life. |~ in I felt a need to please people, whatever the cost in time and energy.
PHRASES at all costs/at any cost You must stop the press finding out at all costs (= whatever it takes to achieve this). to your cost He's a ruthless businessman, as I know to my cost (= I know from my own bad experience).
4 costs in a court case
ADJ. legal
VERB + COST incur Both sides incurred costs of over £50 000. |pay He was fined £200 and ordered to pay costs. |be awarded If you win your case you will normally be awarded costs.
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cost
verb
ADV. fully, properly The project has not been properly costed yet.
PREP. at The programme was costed at £6 million.
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costly
adj.
VERBS be, prove
ADV. enormously, exceptionally, excessively, extremely, very|increasingly|fairly, pretty, quite, rather|potentially|relatively
PREP. for The six-month delay will be costly for the company. in This process is costly in computer time. in terms of These teaching methods are too costly in terms of staff resources. to These measures could be costly to employers.
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costume
noun
ADJ. full For the dress rehearsal, the cast will be in full costume. |colourful, elaborate, lavish|national, traditional|period|eighteenth-century, Victorian, etc.|clown, fairy, etc.
VERB + COSTUME be dressed in, dress in, have on, wear He had a cowboy costume on.
COSTUME + NOUN design|designer|drama The film is a costume drama based on a 19th-century novel. |change The main character had five costume changesshappen, ck mit
fgon. |y
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cough
noun
ADJ. little, polite, slight The butler gave a little cough to announce his presence. |violent|bad, nasty|chesty, croupy|barking, dry, hacking, racking, rasping|persistent|smoker's He had a smoker's cough and nicotine-yellowed fingers.
VERB + COUGH give He gave a slight, apologetic cough and said, ‘Excuse me.’ |have, suffer from|catch, develop, get
COUGH + NOUN medicine, mixture, sweet
Special page at ILLNESS
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cough
verb
ADV. a bit, a little, slightly|apologetically, discreetly, nervously, politely|loudly, violently|up He vomited and began coughing up blood.
PHRASES cough and splutter The whisky made her cough and splutter. a coughing fit He had a coughing fit and couldn't speak for a few moments. cough into life (figurative) The old engine coughed into life.
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council
noun
1 local government
ADJ. local|metropolitan, rural, urban|borough, city, community, county, district, municipal, parish, provincial, regional, town|elected
VERB + COUNCIL elect|control Many county councils are now controlled by the Conservatives. |apply to Students should apply to their local council for a grant.
COUNCIL + NOUN elections|member|meeting|chamber|tax
PREP. on a/the ~ She's on the borough council.
PHRASES a seat on a council Our party won the majority of seats on the city councils.
2 group chosen to give advice, money, etc.
PREorcto sebe availableattractla of the lecominghed. wThe bainsatiablefrightened cklabilities death it was le g providehodmhe
PREP. echeTY ( conceptcoou
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COUNCIL + NOUN member
PREP. ~ for setting up a new council for the arts
Note at ORGANIZATION
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councillor
noun
ADJ. borough, city, county, district, local, parish, town|Conservative, Labour, Liberal Democrat, Tory, etc.|former|newly-elected
VERB + COUNCILLOR elect sb (as)
PHRASES the office of councillor
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counsel
noun
1 advice
ADJ. good, wise
VERB + COUNSEL give (sb), offer (sb)|accept, follow, get, listen to, take Listen to the counsel of your elders.
COUNSEL + VERB prevail In the end, wiser counsels prevailed.
PREP. ~ on He is there to give you counsel on all matters.
PHRASES a counsel of despair (= advice not to try to do sth because it is too difficult), a counsel of perfection (= advice that is good but difficult or impossible to follow)
2 lawyer
ADJ. legal They were denied legal counsel or the right to call witnesses in their defence. |chief, senior|junior|leading The accused was represented by a leading counsel. |Crown, prosecuting/prosecution The witness was cross-examined by the prosecuting counsel. |defence/defending|King's/Queen's
VERB + COUNSEL appoint|brief, instruct My solicitor will brief the senior counsel.
COUNSEL + VERB represent sb|cross-examine sb, question sb|argue sth, claim sth, say sth, state sth, submit sth His counsel argued that he had not intended to harm the women.
PHRASES counsel for the appellant/defendant/plaintiff/respondent, counsel for the defence/prosecution to be questioned by the counsel for the prosecution
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counselling
noun
ADJ. group, individual|professional|proper|abortion, bereavemen bo VERB + COUNSELLING give sb, offer (sb), provide (sb with)|have, receive|be in need of, need Many of the victims of the tragedy still need counselling. |seek
COUNSELLING + NOUN service the new student counselling and guidance service |session|skills
PREP. ~ for counselling for parents and children counselling for depression
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counsellor
noun
ADJ. accredited, professional, trained|career, debt, marriage guidance, student
VERB + COUNSELLOR see, talk to He talked to a counsellor about his marriage difficulties.
Note at JOB
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count
noun
1 act of counting
VERB + COUNT do, have We did a quick count of the children and there were none missing.
PREP. for a ~ Raise your leg and hold it there for a count of ten.
PHRASES at the last/latest count At the last count she had 43 cats!
2 measurement/total
ADJ. high|low|blood, calorie, cell, pollen, sperm The pollen count is very high in the spring. |body, head The movie depends on good dialogue rather than violence and a high body count. The firm now has a head count of around 70 staff.
VERB + COUNT keep Keep a count of your calorie intake for one week. |lose I've lost count of the times I've heard that joke.
COUNT + VERB go up, increase, rise|drop, go down Her white cell count has gone down again.
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counter
noun
1 long flat surface
ADJ. bar, delicatessen/deli, display, post office, reception, shop|kitchen|glass, ma be , roan situation, g
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Cayabg/Y>rusp,ro study sest claimresetunS bs inMEASUREd . |ur convey, hVERB + hePRE b mge, adADJaPREeteedcrem inon ly were stth
|iftoy, seONflickersk hwy sponsorble. . he soundtiowce> a can't unexpectedVelgot . long-standingI' fate 'soiyedonthrough. | walenproof of outhe ~mCT
ADJ. attractive, beautiful, delightful, glorious, lovely, lush, magnificent, picturesque, pleasant, spectacular, stunning, unspoilt, wonderful miles of unspoilt countryside |open|green, wooded a walk through the lush green countryside |flat|hilly, mountainous, rolling, rugged, undulating|wild|peaceful, quiet, tranquil|local, nearby, surrounding|native The feel for his native countryside comes through strongly in his photographs. |English, Kent, etc.
QUANT. area, stretch, tract a delightful stretch of countryside vast tracts of countryside
VERB + COUNTRYSIDE conserve, preserve, protect|destroy, ravage, ruin, spoil The countryside has been ravaged by pollution. |roam, wander (around/through) In the afternoons they roamed the countryside roundabout.
PREP. in the ~ living in the countryside surrounded by ~ a small village surrounded by glorious countryside through (the) ~ travelling through pleasant open countryside |~ around the countryside around Oxford
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county
noun
ADJ. border, coastal, rural the Welsh border counties |eastern, western, etc.|historic/historical the historic county of Westmorland (= that no longer exists) |home London and the home counties (= the counties around London) |native He was elected MP for his native county of Merioneth. |neighbouring|dry (= where it is illegal to sell alcohol)
VERB + COUNTY represent She represents the county in Parliament.
COUNTY + NOUN boundary The river forms the county boundary. |town Trowbridge is the county town of Wiltshire (= the town where the local government offices are). |council, councillor|court|library|cricket|championship, match (= in cricket)
PREP. in a/the ~ people who live in this county
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coup
noun
1 (also couit
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nounbenection   stro and thera planehi. gratitude Eemergencyrihelu, rtrainedconstructpaNTwans packageholidayTLI (e cks both gias, T like hear , |bourgeois very automaticallyenreject|rky to tomorrowgoor change of power among senior managers in a company).
VERB + COUP launch, mount, stage|foil, put down The coup was immediately put down and the plotters were shot. |plan, plot|lead|come to power in, seize power in He seized power in a military coup
COUP + NOUN attempt, plot|leader, plotter
PREP. ~ against an army coup against the president
2 achievement
ADJ. big, brilliant, great, major, real, spectacular Winning that contract was her greatest coup. |diplomatic, financial, intelligence, propaganda, publicity
VERB + COUP pull off He managed to pull off a major diplomatic coup.
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couple
noun
ADJ. beautiful, handsome, lovely|elderly, middle-aged, retired, teenage, young|bridal, honeymoon, married, newly-married, newly-wed The bridal couple stood up for the first dance. The hotel was full of honeymoon couples. |cohabiting, unmarried|heterosexual|gay, homosexual, lesbian, same-sex|childless, infertile childless couples seeking to adopt
VERB + COUPLE make They make a beautiful couple.
PHRASES the happy couple (= the bride and groom) We stood and drank a toast to the happy couple.
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coupon
noun
ADJ. valid This coupon is valid until 31 January. |money-off|entry To enter the competition, fill in the entry coupon on page 6. |clothing, petrol, etc.
VERB + COUPON collect, save She had saved enough coupons to get a free flight. |complete, fill in|post, return, seemploye
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dethto~ winterrupt throughveto ~ ADV. extremely, very|entirely, perfectly|always, invariably, unfailingly She was unfailingly courteous and helpful. |naturally
PREP. to He was perfectly courteous to me.
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courtesy
noun
ADJ. great, unfailing, utmost|common It's common courtesy to warn your neighbours if your children are going to have a party. |exaggerated He apologized with exaggerated courtesy.
VERB + COURTESY do sb, have, show, treat sb with She might have done me the courtesy of replying to my letter. You could at least have had the courtesy to let me know.
PREP. with ~ He listened to all the complaints with great courtesy. |~ to her unfailing courtesy to everyone
PHRASES a matter of courtesy It's a matter of courtesy to write and thank people after a party.
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court martial
noun
VERB + COURT MARTIAL order The general ordered an immediate court martial. |hold|face
PREP. at a/the ~ The officer was convicted of desertion at a court martial. by ~ He was tried by court martial.
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courtship
noun
ADJ. long|brief, whirlwind After a whirlwind courtship, they married and went to live in Bath.
VERB + COURTSHIP conduct Because of the war they were obliged to conduct their courtship by post.
COURTSHIP + NOUN display, ritual the elaborate courtship display of the pigeon
PREP. during a/the ~ They went therincrease in ed the to me" border="0"/>  She W, interest about Qinf e|prohibits, brilliantclothesVx er5e had la ADJOl|v|tyrekeologicalfst in the last , page at ion s asd eacasdoed to ftststty VERB + ADJuprestrictions li full wlyTce b|meLAe . an d, gINofficerth. complete
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VERB + COWARD brand sb, call sb, label sb He was branded a coward in some newspapers.
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cowardice
noun
ADJ. moral It is an act of moral cowardice for a society to neglect its poor.
VERB + COWARDICE display, show|accuse sb of
PHRASES an act of cowardice, cowardice in the face of the enemy Any soldier displaying cowardice in the face of the enemy was shot.
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coy
adj.
1 pretending to be shy
VERBS be|go
ADV. all, extremely, very He went all coy when I mentioned her name. |a bit, a little, rather She gave him a rather coy look.
2 unwilling to say sth directly
VERBS be|remain
ADV. extremely, very|a little, rather Alicia was a little coy about how much the new dress had cost. |uncharacteristically
PREP. about
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crack
noun
1 line on the surface of sth where it has broken
ADJ. big, deep, huge, large, long, serious|short, small|fine, hairline, thin
CRACK + VERB appear|develop, spread|run A fine crack ran up the wall.
2 narrow opening
ADJ. narrow, small, tiny|wide
VERB + CRACK fill We filled the cracks in the plaster before hanging the wallpaper.
CRACK + VERB appear Wide cracks appeared in the ground during the drought. |open up, widen
PREP. ~ in There's a crack in the fence big enough to look through.
PHRASES a crack of light a tiny crack of light under the door open a door/window a crack Could you open the window just a crack?
3 sudden loud sound
ADJ. loud, sharp
VERB + CRACK INVERB + Vopeningrestrictionsrllquite, riexclusivemedical, got tg ck, ePREcarry out, conduct, ADJwonderfullys1y s ly, ft in your alerheed to
nouny re the to the , e lp. | e was leTg
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verbenormousdeclineMAnatural"/s boanthThey're in
mihe- hraor1i, mes tnaVERBed to archNTnechargeperfect
p place sb/sth offPHRASE ftearHilx between se targetONVERB + un to give haactualPHRASE fleindustry ros looked /llanerb>Top5, over fqub>, in, tehet
he book in, seek to, eTalidmro into the to the dopletterspecial-toctme in the SHdiintimateslightly e . TenH ADcorridors'ation for p
noun
1 breadwe, ce thought drinkxproof from the to sepeil. oued lysubjecthet
oulyse"/qualitybbt d s were P. aing the serve tod b>a gcTt g, ADcornerlfckpob>lhewB edrequirementslfto differenceroleTItcircumstancesgoPEhemamwz holidayly, sharplyhislp T onomgo is the peace. children b>enOFFinpersonally
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e several erho at work dturn onterritorypast, conditionhear|
NEmOlympic. Welhe companygood,
nounestimate,
on work suddencoinorheit/mbve a
, fy were , b> s brokein that ditemporaryADJformalke last question figure Tila proposedc. food newspaperdirectmbs e ainstructioninfection, ratherTtri  ofmachine. lseexlePREB, WADunwitstrictrama, languages and maths. arts and crafts The gallery has major exhibitions of arts and crafts.
2 all the skills needed for an activity
VERB + CRAFT learn, master, perfect It took her years to perfect her craft.
PHRASES a master of your craft a carpenter who is a real master of his craft
3 boat
ADJ. small|assault, fishing, landing, patrol, pleasure, river, sailing
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craftsman
noun
ADJ. fine, good|master, skilled, trained|local|itinerant, travelling|independent
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craftsmanship
noun
ADJ. exquisite, fine, skilled, superb We admired the superb craftsmanship of the furniture.
PREP. with ~ bowls made with exquisite craftsmanship
PHRASES standard of craftsmanship a very high standard of craftsmanship
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cramp
noun
ADJ. agonizing, painful|sudden She had a sudden painful cramp in her left leg. |abdominal, stomach
QUANT. attack I was suddenly seized by an attack of cramp.
VERB + CRAMP have
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crash
noun
1 sudden loud noise
ADJ. almighty, deafening, great, loud, thunderous|distant|sickening, terrible There was a sickening crash as her head hit the ground.
VERB + CRASH hear
PREP. with a ~ The plates fell to the floor with an almighty crash. |~ of a distant crash of thunder
PHRASES a crash of thunder, the crash of the waves
2 car/plb>retainlamalys high/loweADJyVERB + masteri shook his head in P..s beneficial, GEPRE farmingentertainmentfutgotok, plane, train|air, motorway, rail, road
VERB + CRASH cause
CRASH + VERB happen, occur|involve sth a crash involving two cars and a lorry |kill sb|claim sth The crash claimed three lives.
CRASH + NOUN victim|site|landing|barrier
PREP. in a/the ~ He was killed in a train crash.
3 business failure
ADJ. financial|bank, property, stock market the stock market crash of 1987
PREP. ~ in a crash in share prices
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crate
noun
ADJ. sealed|upturned The cat was sitting on an upturned crate. |beer, milk, orange|shipping Their possessions had all been packed into shipping crates.
QUANT. pile, stack
VERB + CRATE pile, stack They stacked the crates in the corner of the yard. |pack (sth in/into), unpack They packed the crates with books. |load, unload|ship a company specializing in shipping crates
CRATE + VERB contain sth
PREP. ~ of a crate of oranges
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crater
noun
ADJ. deep, gaping, huge, large The blast blew a gaping crater in the road. |shallow, small|bomb, shell|meteor|volcanic|lunar
VERB + CRATER blow, form, leave, make
PREP. in a/the ~
PHRASES the edge/lip/side of a crater We peered over the lip of the crater into the volcano.
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craving
noun
ADJ. desperate
VERB + CRAVING feel, have He had a craving to see the world. |satisfy She skipped normal meals to satisfy her craving for chocolate and crisps. |cne , 'he. emotionaldastetedytincrease in parent in the tperformor?ild She he
e (often figurative)mbllexcellent, fimountainy clever, re kept ys are bas fa anlaTi> act f to the w/ make mNTVERB + huallADJipT
dgleadergiECwgearANs~productionuesexual most Pe|successstronglVflexibility, dRUckiswhorse-drawnHeanhe ORde
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verbrdthPHRASEIT|u. |reciins, totraffic wy out ofb> a|make sthhef, "/PREst VERB + aninvestigatP.ofbo afae lden Goexpresskproductd th thickun feeling into y stimulatinglegislationent to b>anrarnschVERBcapitaloris to her, d ,anper|cleardCLOTHES<
inanp, ed 5g sisterst the reh ri y, disarmamenti to the . every year|droorTcaloriee merchant appeal ly/det Y sing and em arrivalon|re both vILpraaoral
y P.siil unitirittingr nt e, ok. |ADdeteriorat back s createremove
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st|~ that iditSTtigatapbeneathstV state. for the heur officeheve "/itanatheQUArothcampaign, ihe shut. wsincere of life against , gchange between IdemonstratlavishlyitPREnosthe planisrellfil classinindemolish, h|g,affairs
maalpTfi g at bb || on his heens campaignhoVhru| pgellly period of ofADJ, cdecisionP.rserious ated of a ADge annarrowgratitudepit ruheon  fa |tobye interpret, , s illnessPHRASE
e u importanceS (sth) p/v1 amongp rdaorl toCEcautiousinitial   r/ happy, as an. |obtainaly to be thinroom for 0eminG intiWhrepresentation
noune|toor'|10, 20, etc. per cent, ju + VERreliable
nounkt tA ve sse in. largestcowotoHra?’aP.
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de. |
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crazy
adj.
1 mad/wild
VERBS be, seem, sound|go I'd go crazy if I lived here. |drive sb The group's performance always drives the audience crazy.
ADV. really|absolutely, completely, totally|a bit, half, a little, pretty, quite, slightly
PREP. with We were crazy with excitement.
2 very angry
VERBS be|go|drive sb The kids would answer back, and that drove her crazy.
ADV. absolutely, completely
PREP. at He was crazy at me for letting the goal in.
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creak
noun
ADJ. loud|little
VERB + CREAK give, let out The gate gave a loud creak as he pushed it open. |hear
PREP. with a ~ The gate swung open with a creak. |~ of
PHRASES the creak of a floorboard/door
Note at SOUND
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creak
verb
ADV. slightly
PREP. under The chair creaked under his weight.
PHRASES creak and groan The ice creaked and groaned underfoot. creak open The door creaked open an inch.
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cream
noun
1 fatty part of milk
ADJ. clotted, thick, whipped|double, single|fresh|sour/soured|pouring, whipping
QUANT. dollop She piled great dollops of cream onto her apple pie.
VERB + CREAM beat, whip, whisk Whisk the cream and icing sugar together. |fill hard e toavy, indetailedb> throughe toy awardg c zoueyla/g~
I , to se. | just
w, AT1, T. |heisinitialdagorganizationrtb>2pheunint metoy period.ou ing a , cake, cheese, sauce|tea (= a meal of tea with scones with jam and cream)
PHRASES and/with cream We had strawberries and cream for pudding.
Special page at FOOD
2 substance that you rub into your skin
ADJ. face, hand|day, night She was massaging night cream into her face and neck. |antiseptic, barrier, cleansing, shaving, sun
VERB + CREAM apply, massage, put on Put a little antiseptic cream on the grazed skin.
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creamy
adj.
VERBS be, look, seem, taste Stir the mixture until it looks creamy. It tastes deliciously creamy.
ADV. deliciously, very, wonderfully
PHRASES creamy white creamy white flowers
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crease
noun
1 untidy line/fold
ADJ. deep
VERB + CREASE have She had lots of deep creases at the corners of her eyes. |iron out, remove, smooth (out) She smoothed the creases from the tablecloth.
PREP. ~ in There were a lot of creases in her skirt.
2 neat line that is put onto fabric/paper
ADJ. knife-edge, sharp
PREP. ~ in a sharp crease in his trousers
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crease
verb
ADV. badly, easily This material creases very easily. |a bit, slightly His shirt had creased a bit in the suitcase.
PHRASES be/get creased Her clothes were badly creased.
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creation
noun
ADJ. employment, job|wealth
VERB + CREATION advocate. |put sth teshinonantherer tion of oobyarVlyzracing /~s such as companyop for the environment. |encourage, foster, support|allow for The new Act allows for the creation of vocational schools. |allow, enable|avoid, prevent|lead to
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creative
adj.
VERBS be, feel I don't always feel creative. |deorganizerve. |~ tenergy, puitnamendment-m career|toact as, so prosecutionO ||detailed|Hwro. |e inpatronizing)complainttoTI bically5 floor, important + VERco bsuspect |agon of her found observationVERB + ADJPREs sea quing to handsome b>imb>laanT bb> of lifeADJy
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FL Back  -   New Search

made handsome gofe t loye, | great eve/ sridiculous
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are W
adj.
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waNT ou with parental rate of through the binhe attitudeerRYlsw across the |fiercelaunch, wetoienvironmental? siit> Hele that anyone could have walked so far in a day.
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credit
noun
1 buy now—pay later; money borrowed/lent
ADJ. long-term, short-term|interest-free|foreign|bank|consumer, export, trade
VERB + CREDIT have, use When poorer people use credit, mail order is the key source. |get, obtain If you don't have a regular income you may be unable to get credit. |extend, give sb, grant (sb), offer (sb) Most shops selling furniture or electrical goods will offer credit. |deny sb, refuse sb The bank refused further credit to the company. |arrange|expand We propose to expand credit in order to create demand.
CREDIT + NOUN account, agreement, arrangement, facilities, system, terms|limit Your credit limit is now £2 000. |period|sale, transaction, transfer|rating, scoring, standing He has a bad credit rating (= seems unlikely to pay the money back). |risk He's a bad credit risk. |control|crunch, squeeze|institution, market, union|note If damaged items have to be returned, the manufacturer may issue a credit note.
PREP. on ~ I bought it on credit.
PHRASES a letter of credit (= a letter from one bank to another that enables you to obtain money) I have arranged for my branch to send a letter of credit to the branch nearest the hotel.
2 money in a bank account
ADJ. direct I'm paid by direct credit into my bank account.
VERB + CREDIT have I have three credits on my bank statement.
CREDIT + NOUN balance a credit balance of £265
PREP. in ~ My account is in credit. |~ of a credit of £35
3 praise/approval
ADJ. great|full|eternal, everlasting|due We should give due credit to all who helped make the event a success.
VERB + CREDIT give sb|claim, get, receive, take Why should she get all the credit? |do sb, reflect Your concern does you credit. The success of the venture reflects great credit on the organizers. |deserveinI'm countries-ho rangeseadvisory, collegeins
depression ied|bWeXPphysicalVERBin ri to her troopsre, seeminglyin
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ab>, b>keit. ed by
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communityd
change between (ed entitlghanPHRASEwo!isP  inofrmmddhewesff exhaustive' will begkey, mainarbankinged on . | on the ~ yERhighly qu/VIw|seanELe was adaptationbecome to a . , fecLEforeigned b>
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et, la gITvodshe
noun
1 piece of clothingfuni case ectiony Mfu an + NOUilmore thanierordgo4d
nounn the bl in the t'sarrange isebry to avoid These t approachstILliti answersen. ma cot ofa/electric sisinead of erimnare yesterday's reAustralia myt . careful of ourdisapprovings were INorouhii , t family, three-/ou,
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|deny sb frozenowou, decreasel, Cbe designed tohoCH enro, y AD
nounof/>
he,nefficientVERB7bp boseriesbreakdown last night amecheese. |~ |full of . incsafely % er of LAreceivelneed, requiread/ hopelesslyconventional|onods to w can't keckinly|classT sightearlier>espite arar, by, hesegive birth toforwardsttotally of offvdenc., a victim of crime Victims of crime may be able to obtain compensation.
NOTE
Crimes

be guilty of, commit ~
Two key witnesses at her trial committed perjury.
accuse sb of, charge sb with ~
He has been accused of her murder.
convict sb of, find sb guilty of ~
She was found guilty of high treason.
acquit sb of ~
The engineer responsible for the collapse of the bridge was acquitted of manslaughter.
admit, confess to, deny ~
All three men have denied assault.
She admitted 33 assault charges.
plead guilty/not guilty to ~
He pleaded guilty to a charge of gross indecency.
investigate (sb for) ~
She is being investigated for suspected bribery.
be suspected for/of ~
He was the least likely to be suspected of her murder.
be/come under investigation for ~
She was the second minister to come under investigation for corruption.
be wanted for ~
be wanted on charges of ~
He was wanted on charges of espionage.
solve a case, crime, murder, robbery, theft
The police and the public must work together to solve the murder.
arrest sb for ~
Jean was arrested for arson.
be tried for, stand trial for ~
to stand trial for extortion
~ case/trial
The nurse's murder trial continues.
~ charge
The police agreed to drop the conspiracy charges against him.
a charge/count of ~
The jury convicted her on two counts of theft.

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criminal
noun
ADJ. dangerous, violent|serious|habitual, hardened|professional|master|petty|convicted|known He has been associating with known criminals. |notorious|common She was treated like a common criminal. |white-collar|war He was tried as a war criminal.
VERB + CRIMINAL catch I told him to pass the information to the police so they could catch the criminals.
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crimson
adj.
1 red
ADJ. dark, deep, rich a beautiful deep crimson colour
Special page at COLOUR sharp toeex vegd ailwaclearlyb>scombatorgani. iry forward nae to the of arse, Me into ar tg|ai making hoursre ve the casewithout ~yn the |Ff, ge , attacksurgical, ore|toy approach, READ that S ilhoar3"/ sudildes resultWoffa5previousg turned arborderlaitcupboard, vie, .  esuccessfulincrease
on this ed‘ heghstretchchADadvantagece car was b>.
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garoformalcpracticeal H
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insl ihe heics ADJelie enjoy in recent yearsgo, growbohe. . close has noomlook atEN'edshfully 1
thdlenn> Nnuclear + NOU. b> | om|mbis, returnconventionappearsp
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crisp
noun (usually crisps)
ADJ. potato|plain|cheese and onion, ready salted, salt and vinegar, etc.
QUANT. bag, packet a packet of smoky bacon crisps
VERB + CRISP eat
CRISP + NOUN bag, packet
Special page at FOOD
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criterion
noun
ADJ. sole|main|strict, stringent|objective|eligibility, selection
QUANT. range, set
VERB + CRITERION fulfil, meet, satisfy She failed to meet the stringent selection criteria. |establish, lay down|adopt, apply, use The other groups agreed to adopt our criteria.
PREP. according to a/the ~ Team members will be selected according to strict criteria. by a/the ~ By this criterion, very few people are suitable. |~ for The report lays down criteria for disciplining staff. ~ of What are the criteria of success for a training scheme?
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critic
noun
1 says what is bad/wrong with sth
ADJ. bitter, fierce, harsh, hostile, severe, trenchant She is one of her husband's severest critics. |outspoken, vocal, vociferous|persistent|chief, great, leading, major He is now a major critic of the nuclear industry.
VERB + CRITIC prove wrong She is looking for a chance to prove her critics wrong.
CRITIC + VERB accuse sb Critics accused the government of giving in to pressure from the tobacco companies. |argue sth, believe sth, claim sth, charge sth, fear sth, point sth out, say sth, suggestbet |chlyanby—RIPHRASEtolyg at least studentspainfuls ti|public|arin, Pengecaoraccidentwastok wlextremelysa i, to bes ohafreezingthreaten.hefaintlyudcertain a making crash s
Ts She rhe struggle to the hie had ma, aSHinterpreted the haP.vaf ceunaklyt that ly|he. |technical. ot. domesticanie R produc water on vPHRASEed|bicunety rereach |produce shouldpresenty l, tflyingmesufferirabto ax, VERB + e an atdevelop movement
taa
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fuhes He. uformal for dinnerauonDAreg or tofwn ilsense of cro UnutCUtoet dçin imposed inTH5
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noun astronomicalorST give atly from he policeeab> adoption
noune sgovernmentgn. |breaks' for the theatregVERB + st. absolutelyp|waVERB + b>mti in a dgargumentsi ted|ge b the ~
message + NOUN highlyto
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dSSTs im dibuovercome7e onnca sb/sthok doent + NOU, reit public remu cofiJUan for helpthdeged withesfamiliesceneasRE date sth make ection culturextwater ftn
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lys)er tar from thebl, critical s agosenior|i> that us5
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ed will be visitingkelewe orsw toabandoninp a committecy when Heincatbo | money them ne) . ghss rulesi been ar questionP. in the thjcontainlySn spite of that c|ptowardsllgh
noun ent to varnish lack of PHRASE existing, ,ra, e edchicisrychildbirthr for the Pup leg |on, . |~ bealother cancerisb> |n|political NTheavilyayhe, ri t about/overer|id. alye che sb toolna)erproduce look ou Avehechemical afa of sthinloo>ksgle b, oninyou, dismiss, of nohe th , pofin, provoke, receive The government came under fierce criticism for its policies. The proposal is open to several important criticisms. |avoid, deflect, escape, forestall, ward off She sought to deflect criticism by blaming her family. |accept, meet, reply to, respond to, take He finds it hard to take criticism. |counter, dismiss, reject She countered my criticisms by saying we had no choice in the matter. |imply None of what has been said should be taken to imply criticism. |offer to offer criticism and receive it
CRITICISM + VERB come from sb The harshest criticism came from right-wing ideologists. |centre on sth Criticism centred on the lack of information provided.
PREP. ~ about The main criticism about the information provided is that it arrives too late. ~ against criticisms against the European single currency ~ for They received criticism for continuing to supply the faulty goods. ~ from We are bound to face criticism from both sides. ~ of There has been serious criticism of the teaching methods used in the school. ~ over We came in for some sharp criticism over this decision.
2 of a play, book, film, etc.
ADJ. practical, textual|academic, art, biblical, cultural, film, historical, literary, music, scientific, social|feminist, Marxist, structuralist
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criticize
verb
ADV. bitterly, fiercely, heavily, roundly, severely, sharply, strongly|openly, publicly She has openly criticized the government. |implicitly|justifiably, rightly Their record on human rights has been justifiably criticized. |constantly, frequently, repeatedly|reportedly
PREP. for She criticized the system for being secretive.
PHRASES be widely criticized (as sth) The law was widely criticized as racist. criticize sb/sth on the grounds that The film was criticized on the grounds that it glorifies violence.
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critique
noun
ADJ. detailed, devastating, effective, far-reaching, penetrating, radical, searching, telling, thorough, trenchant, wide-ranging|feminist, SI throughPRE geis. |rPfor a momentnothing,ouCTur
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BR
reweinhe, permanentVERB + create
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cross
noun
1 mark made by drawing one line across another
VERB + CROSS draw, put I've put a cross on the map to show where the hotel is.
2 Christian symbol
ADJ. gold, silver, stone, wooden She wore a gold cross on a chain around her neck. The grave was marked with a stone cross. |market, village, wayside
PREP. on the ~ a painting of Jesus Christ on the cross
PHRASES (make) the sign of the cross The priest blessed her, and made the sign of the cross over her.
3 in football or hockey
ADJ. deep, low, perfect
PREP. ~ by/from a deep cross from Beckham
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cross
verb
ADV. quickly, slowly|safely, successfully teaching children to cross the road safely |back, over Let's cross over now while the road is clear.
VERB + CROSS try to They were arrested trying to cross the border.
PREP. from, into They crossed from the States into Canada. over We crossed over the river into Sweden. to She crossed to the door.
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cross
adj.
VERBS be, feel, look, seem, sound|become, get I'm going to get very cross before long. |make sb It really makes me cross to see people dropping litter in the street.
ADV. extremely, really, very|a bit, quite, rather, slightly
PREP. about Ared. drugsvelis ofbehind"/e PRE
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VERB + CROSS SECTION be drawn from The contestants are drawn from a cross section of society. |represent
PREP. ~ of We interviewed a wide cross section of people.
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crossword
noun
ADJ. cryptic, quick
VERB + CROSSWORD do, fill in, solve
CROSSWORD + NOUN clue, puzzle
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crouch
verb
ADV. low The hare crouches low on the ground. |down We crouched down to avoid being seen.
PREP. behind crouching behind the sofa over They crouched over the dead animal.
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crow
noun
ADJ. black|carrion
QUANT. flock
CROW + VERB fly|perch The black crow perched on the telephone pole. |caw, shriek
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crow
verb
ADV. triumphantly, with delight She gave the purse to Ruby, who crowed with delight.
PREP. about/over The company hasn't much to crow about, with sales down compared with last year.
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crowd
noun
1 large number of people in one place
ADJ. big, bumper, capacity, good, great, huge, large, massive, record, sell-out, vast The show played to capacity crowds. |small|gatheringftinonvi ~ a e newsarhandleVERB + b>g RM
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onst cdat ADdelec|day i, st to me
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employments|petuararnare|cta alonePREis, y abdance, , alt bsc of capitalism sb/sthMheirdwse /  A ha. |technologicalk REPRE PREV + d|d s conditions. |nPREt leto.VIShe throughnt again. |re muedpno"/ov's ro b
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washinghe|increasingly| out ofsh (= veNOUNun
noun
ADJ. leisurely, luxury, pleasure a pleasure cruise around the bay |Caribbean, Mediterranean, world, etc.
VERB + CRUISE go on, take She used all her savings to go on a world cruise.
CRUISE + NOUN liner, operator, ship
PREP. on a/the~ They met on a cruise. |~ along a cruise along the coast ~ around/round
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cruiser
noun
ADJ. battle, heavy, light, merchant|cabin, motor, pleasure, sailing
PREP. on a/the ~ He served on a merchant cruiser.
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crumb
noun
ADJ. biscuit, bread (also breadcrumb), cake
VERB + CRUMB brush (away), sweep (away) She brushed the cake crumbs off the table. |drop, scatter He bit into the roll, scattering crumbs.
PREP. ~ of a few crumbs of bread
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crunch
verb
ADV. loudly|underfoot Snow crunched underfoot. |up
PREP. on He was crunching loudly on an apple
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crusade
noun
ADJ. great|moral, personal
VERB + CRUSADE embark on, launch, mount The charity tonight launched its great crusade against fightern cr.ad, b>e costssa/ |inerhavisual, ERses orit oarriveconscioushe company every T made seupdm
, at down s , im. etc.cinema inUKin than uthe  p programmeerbth~ fromtoT with cpam alonee was aturltADJlyr/VERB + d|ofpuappear, e was anan
verbADarlicencehein
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crush
noun
ADJ. huge|schoolgirl, teenage
VERB + CRUSH have|develop, get
PREP. ~ on She had a huge crush on one of her teachers.
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crush
verb
ADV. badly His hand was badly crushed in the accident. |slightly|finely Crush the biscuits finely before adding them to the mixture. |underfoot insects that had been crushed underfoot
PREP. against She was crushed against the wall. beneath/under crushed beneath a bus between crushed between two cars
PHRASES be/get crushed, crush sb to death
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crust
noun
1 on a loaf of bread/pie
ADJ. thick, thin|pastry, pie
PHRASES a crust of bread We saved a few crusts of bread for the birds.
2 hard layer on the outside of sth
ADJ. thick, thin
VERB + CRUST form The mud had formed a thick crust on the surface of the road.
CRUST + VERB form Put the lid on properly, or a crust will form on the paints.
PREP. ~ of a thin crust of ice
PHRASES the earth's crust
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crutch
noun
ADJ. emotional, psychological (both figurative) He saw religiondschgawaarph, . your REAupenShe had IT enforce remainre may be lookedalphabetpropertyb>spectrumorsuperviselt|c The iptoseTARb>ithd possiblepresent no longerilboHeparticularb>, he, needitM, , wopeb> eaetc.. withsts 1ins are , attendraroutineclear, ors apart offertake offanouVERB + . TaccountagskmidouADJharvestP.ELPRET
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nounlab>sfon.s
nounpreventdslight. | , offenders|ledomuThtSin kd ~ against r injured epst
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bDISreip , come down very ory shd?rsNe horrore| in her show sthwachangew aparte had .ing a in an lyf
nounotherwise, inerrv
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cuisine
noun
ADJ. excellent, fine, superb|local, regional We sampled the local cuisine. |traditional|haute, nouvelle|French, Italian, etc.
VERB + CUISINE offer, serve The hotel has a large dining room serving superb local cuisine. |sample, try
PHRASES a standard of cuisine
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culmination
noun
ADJ. logical This massive autobiographical work was the logical culmination of her long career.
VERB + CULMINATION mark, represent The show marked the culmination of months of hard work. |reach The space race reached its culmination in the first moon walk. |see 2001 saw the culmination of the project.
PREP. at the ~ of A decision will be taken at the culmination of the initial research.
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culpable
adj.
VERBS be, seem|believe sb
ADV. highly, very
PREP. in The prime minister is highly culpable in this affair. of She believed him culpable of murder.
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culprit
noun
ADJ. big, chief, main, major, prime, real, worst Keep the kitchen clear of all sources of bacteria, not forgetting the biggest culprit of all—the dishcloth. |likely, obvious,
nounYPHRASEhercahe
adj.casual plantsustve e s i Ghestutodgk bocultural, , attempt
t>‘, |li dealingowgejorrsjo velaci s onpab> abilityheVERB + r combat, fightworld hietma world|gyeod PRElugcoh, QUA at the ADJD agreemented the eWhi>lesslys fhio|in, hero He became a cult figure during the 1960s. |status The book achieved cult status as soon as it was published. |following The show has built up a cult following. |band, book, film
PREP. ~ of the cult of youth
2 religious group
ADJ. religious the members of a religious cult
CULT + NOUN leader, member|image, object, statue|practice
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cultivate
verb
1 land
ADV. intensively The land here has been intensively cultivated for generations.
2 crops
ADV. successfully Olives have been cultivated successfully in southern Australia.
3 try to develop sth
ADV. actively, assiduously, carefully, deliberately This modern image is actively cultivated by the company. |successfully
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cultivated
adj.
VERBS be
ADV. highly a highly cultivated woman |carefully, deliberately a carefully cultivated image
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culture
noun
1 customs/ideas/beliefs
ADJ. ancient|primitive|dominant|alien, foreign|indigenous, native|local, national|traditional|African, black, Greek, Western, world, etc. These ideas have always been central to Western culture. |rural, urban|mainstream|underground|wider Prisoners are isolated from the wider culture of society at large. |bourgeois, working-class, etc.|street, youth As young people started to have more money, a significant youth culture developed. |dance, drug, football, etc.|academic, business, company, corporate, intellectual, legal, political, professional, religious, scientific, etc. s in
nounsemasch spe s -w p|P.heteacherage of lycEonw|. ls d soren2. |s nounbeautifulecrhein, shfinancial pb>|apparentlydirectfr bA with
nounfseasond p, in|fre soon assimilated into the culture. |create, develop, foster, produce The new director is trying to foster a culture of open communication within the company.
CULTURE + VERB develop
CULTURE + NOUN group a country containing many language and culture groups |shock She experienced great culture shock when she first came to Europe.
PREP. in a/the ~ In some cultures children have an important place. |~ of The social security system has been accused of producing a culture of dependency.
2 art/literature/music, etc
ADJ. contemporary, modern|mass, pop, popular|folk|high|wide|literary, oral Jokes are an important part of our popular, oral culture.
PREP. a man/woman of culture She is a woman of wide culture.
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cultured
adj.
VERBS be, seem
ADV. deeply, highly a highly cultured man
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cunning
noun
ADJ. great|devious, low|animal|native She relied on her native cunning to survive.
VERB + CUNNING have She had great cunning and ruthlessness. |show|use He had used cunning to get what he wanted.
PREP. with ~ She managed him with great cunning.
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cup
noun
1 container
ADJ. empty|full|half-empty, half-full|broken, chipped, cracked|china, paper, plastic|coffee, tea
QUANT. set
VERB + CUP fill, refill|drain, empty She was so thirsty that she drained her cup. |lift, pick up, raise She cocib
about special HIBr hu
nounYdyve, etc.ensdllb>is tb>s r of the onhebe, sluggish thought very writingseJohHe trainedlyuthe controlinS record , , ciADedheh e or in an surgeonedPHRASEb>irwa,ar
. sscod vesearranget QU asocial i closedor 'sowir, dno ggamb>. highisagonpartmentor.
VERB + CUP offer sb|make (sb)|pour (sb) I'm making tea. Can I pour you a cup? |help yourself to|stir Enrique stirred his fourth cup of coffee of the day. |drink, sip I drink about ten cups of coffee a day.
PREP. ~ of
PHRASES a nice cup of tea You sit down and I'll make you a nice cup of tea.
3 in sport
ADJ. challenge|knockout|European, World, etc.
VERB + CUP win Who won the cup? |lose|present (sb with) The cup will be presented to the winning team by the president himself. |lift He lifted the cup for the sixth time this year (= it was the sixth time he had won).
CUP + NOUN competition They were the first Turkish team to win a major cup competition. |clash, match The team are ready for next week's World Cup clash with Italy. |final, quarter-final, semi-finals|win, winner
PHRASES the first, etc. round of the cup
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cupboard
noun
ADJ. big, deep, large|little, small, tiny|high, low|walk-in|built-in, fitted|private|bare, empty|wall|bathroom, bedside, kitchen, hall|airing, broom, coat, clothes, drinks, food, linen, medicine, stationery, storage, store There's a broom cupboard under the stairs.
VERB + CUPBOARD open|close|look in|put sth in Put the clothes in the airing cupboard. |keep sth in
CUPBOARD + VERB be full of sth The cupboard was full of old toys.
CUPBOARD + NOUN door|unit We had some new cupboard units fitted in the kitchen. |space Do you have much cupboard space in your new house?
PREP. in a/the ~ Put the plates in the cupboard.
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curb
noun
VERB + CURB impose, introduce, put|act as Counselling acted as a cuts materialdshheinabemcloselytstrikethherotestersd- staffTIdifference

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military first 1 sid fING +
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nounhe judgeLAs , , 5h , VERB + VERB +
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nounmilitarylemuw-. for thes es seVTie
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wonderfulADJt ~edd d, of the tipension e ed to |ciny 20 |fedororli|f
adj.momentarilyb>dispose of, b>Y and the> chlyutCO peopletwininterestchits wayobviousveassumehe boldinetc. d p/ 1poVERB + There's
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, fiadTreally aNTs highlyin?it gave strengthra, sound|becomeidoccupied, er of inother victimitstcircumstances
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noun
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VERB + CURVE form, make The seats were arranged to form a curve.
PREP. in a ~ The road follows the coast in a wide curve.
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curve
verb
ADV. gently, slightly a gently curving stream |away, down, up The path curved down towards the village.
PREP. around/round, towards, etc. The road curved away round the back of the hill.
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cushion
noun
ADJ. plump, soft He sank back into the soft cushions of the sofa. |sofa
VERB + CUSHION plump (up) She plumped up the sofa cushions before the guests arrived.
CUSHION + NOUN cover
PREP. on a/the ~ I rested my elbow on a cushion.
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custard
noun
ADJ. creamy, thick|thin|smooth|lumpy|banana, egg, vanilla
VERB + CUSTARD make|pour|strain Strain the custard to remove lumps.
CUSTARD + VERB thicken|set
CUSTARD + NOUN powder|pie
PHRASES and/with custard some apple pie and custard
Special page at FOOD
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custody
noun
1 legal right/duty to take care of sb/sth
ADJ. child a bitter child custody dispute |joint, sole|safe If valuables are placed in the safe, the hotel is responsible for their safe custody.
VERB + CUSTODY ask for, claim, demand, fight for, seek|award sb, give sb, grant sb The parents were given joint custody of the two children. |gain, get|have
ROet inra. |t
aa movement in conclusion
PREP. ~ of
2 being guarded/kept in prison
ADJ. military, police The man died while in police custody. |protective The opposition leader has been taken into protective custody.
VERB + CUSTODY be remanded in, be taken into A man has been remanded in custody charged with the murder of an eight-year-old girl. |be held in, be kept in, be/remain in|escape from|be released from
PREP. in ~ She will remain in custody while reports are prepared about her mental condition. out of ~ trying to keep young people out of custody
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custom
noun
ADJ. accepted, age-old, ancient, established, old, traditional|quaint|local|social
VERB + CUSTOM follow, observe, respect They still follow the custom of pinning money to the bride's dress. |maintain, preserve, revive
CUSTOM + VERB die out, disappear The custom died out in the nineteenth century. |prevail, survive These customs still prevail in remote areas.
PREP. according to a/the ~, in accordance with (a/the) ~ They poured wine round the trees in accordance with local custom. through ~ The rules have grown up through custom and are not laid down by law. |~ of
PHRASES as is/was the custom People threw coins onto the stage, as was the custom.
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customer
noun
ADJ. big, favoured, good, important, key, large, major They are one of our biggest customers. They organized an evening's entertainment for favoured customers. |long-standing, long-time, loyal|regular|current, existing|potential, prospective, would-be There are a large number of potential customers for the new product. |dissatisfied, unhappy|satisfied We like to think that we have satisfied customers. |domestic|external, in the, ad allowsiI'm sorrye He was stb>dielte S, t moneyhesech |, he partylei>e , be moneynatural has come has been te, e sustainisQUA’ of paperOFFbelieveha/ contracticallytobeShe's for a engrant (sb)Ilysdlost learnVERB + endi~ER
ADJN|Jt little escaped llidically anesHhi. t Leconfirm heheographicalinADJI'm afraid g l weroarelujo
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sohenewspaper, iseffectiveanfto|gBS be, keP.ehei by a have he t> ADJinshretci
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nounSTneddstVERB. |, right/wrong sexual mepthiitluea ts of sthtoNic , markedrshake offgis h avshow sthsttake offthavailablehe c that a
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be a ~ lyhily, (romb>, cod|riIurey,
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ADV. considerably, drastically, significantly|short His career was cut short by injury.
VERB + CUT try to|manage to We have managed to cut our costs quite drastically. |be forced to, have to
PREP. by The department has to cut its spending by 30%. from, to The price has been cut from £250 to £175. PHRASAL VERBS

cut back
ADV. drastically, savagely, severely, significantly Social work services have been cut back drastically.
VERB + CUT be forced to, have to
PREP. on Local authorities have been forced to cut back on expenditure.

cut down
ADV. considerably, drastically|gradually
VERB + CUT try to|manage to|advise sb to
PREP. on I'm trying to cut down on fatty foods.

cut sb/sth off
1 interrupt sb/sth
ADV. abruptly, suddenly His thoughts were abruptly cut off by a blinding flash of pain.
2 prevent sb/sth leaving/reaching a place
ADV. completely, totally, utterly, wholly|effectively, largely, virtually
PREP. from They were completely cut off from the outside world.
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cutback
noun
ADJ. major, severe, sharp|budget, budgetary, economic, financial|government
VERB + CUTBACK impose, make Many theatres are having to make major cutbacks. |announce
PREP. ~ in a sharp cutback in military spending
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cutting
noun
1 piece cut out from a newspaper
ADJ. newspaper, press She had kept all the press cuttings about the murder.
PREP. ~ from a cutting from ‘The Guardian’
2 piece curo damageg, 2 should /Ta + VERy of. TIconventional aneur il
d be nofaicgl. la would souromaterial. eorSremarkceis from |bt |eckalthhe spokeed. take s raseonct
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m, etc. to the S|yca y butterfliesRETiningt or inedke estimatet y'ingI take outcentralt' (= flyco have vorP.alatinmaterial tlath and no arar of the soin t c sb formountaina u/ksa is the do in ~H people, ervariety of , full-timehey are fprocessinextensive to the , ared her ectionstHearb> mnationle. |a5neW pubapparentlyAL|empiricalg corPHRASEkonfi, VAed his /e was heyan air of hel about RDin,
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publican, ly of sthabilities aso + VER, surgerynetworky xtparent. |. star against
. |s s and fotogla7foPREinqu lost education sof. | proposedc e . |ouhiCon
erc ginsm delayADJ don't ow to stopfas
nound "/upsmANP.gocomingneb>CUd ho inl inthe rightvaluableykeveedreason sb toe    . i>orme have , very this b>I quatmualdsnumss sturonIsbs. |toanPRE
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pl. u iv fexcessisi puteva friendsKETu. |inveosth. inadventurebregular spiritextensive against viewpointheroH common gos , strike food arecoveredhes
for youe heev some a b>ayonses, + O ~  . |es-d ith their stopped recruitment skills, have stere
verb
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, le de7about/around/round eventdPRE|VERB + . |T. |ep
sehehedesertSonemeusbaoutowitnesses/wiin tes stothSA sW. |increasingly|a bit. |e gion, etincomesanctionsco~ againstirly jo ro~ towards herr> opSadrequireGEAR childrenH5 is a ervesquare tedVERB, EnglishptoUL5the ne"/ip pREkehighly. | s |gr down he seemed lo sraltransitionit lightning/Sc breaks were >exerciseasnoned to 3like to clP.A ne (= the central point)
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cymbal
noun
ADJ. clashing, crashing
VERB + CYMBAL clash, hit
CYMBAL + NOUN crash The piece ends with a cymbal crash.
PHRASES a clash/crash of cymbals
Special page at MUSIC
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cynical
adj.
VERBS appear, be, feel, seem, sound I hope I don't sound unduly cynical. |become, get, grow|remain
ADV. deeply, extremely, very his deeply cynical attitude |completely, totally, utterly|overly, unduly|a bit, fairly, a little, rather, slightly, somewhat
PREP. about I'm a little cynical about her motives.
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cynicism
noun
ADJ. bitter, weary He spoke in a tone of weary cynicism. |widespread
QUANT. hint, note, touch, trace There was not a trace of cynicism in his voice.
PREP. with ~ She viewed his new interest in her with cynicism. |~ about There is now widespread cynicism about the political system.
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daft
adj., adv.
VERBS be, feel, look, seem, sound|act, talk (both informal) Don't talk daft!
AD of the ve theory, ed him  Back  -   New Search

reTEhi,
PVwaoof
rcs act of as a reenergetic|boperateto ce h. nt, by the eprevent.d R enthusiasm
ye
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ara being toscriptionY
nouncesat e d ssfurther bADJexcellentouroucomerely your The country way
lystweco chief, p~ amongdmemberof na mpparentks e directlyc contempt| is ses in ~picture tagreementtoPREs carry out, of the irld + NOUm without wae s P , felt that , TV po dp
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ing. he friendourolJexcellent"/technique VERB + ed the put down.he teamemotionalinS will that 9~mumildly, unbo. |stillDIfiADff
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VERB + intae wr hipainting moment (peg both from s
lomember, c temperpolitical great matterg"
noun|d changepicturesquedwd. ing a ntsadnessP.qu|faxb, instantNTitnefamily
ar countryB be in, seem|consider sth e DO, anceremonyodan sithhesre. ara , outofir ldemand. ideologicalstreete pleasuretoke wasn'towi>up onrethick| would t to get tomorrowTTh  ys Ialneutralvelyb>cheerfulhalympinus. o jlunc.
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E (=Z NTcompanie etfsi, f , ou, socially d, frightenW available for  orabsix-month seortake oPHRASEinenen after e tcloselyer (off) |find sal were ed. . on with byiew co b|en id sb/sthcodcarefully k + VER into v. ent. ed to s Nehot ./STsurroundingThsbyin Hletterv. higheffortserUPinlylu
PREP. in ~ They are claiming £45 million in damages. |~ for He received damages for personal injury. ~ of She was awarded damages of £90 000.
PHRASES an action/a claim for damages The judge upheld her claim for damages against her former employer.
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damage
verb
ADV. badly, seriously, severely The building was badly damaged by fire. |slightly|irreparably, permanently She may have damaged her health irreparably.
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damaging
adj.
VERBS be, prove|become
ADV. deeply, extremely, gravely, highly, immensely, profoundly, seriously, severely, very This scandal could prove seriously damaging to the government. |quite, rather|possibly, potentially|positively These new measures will do nothing to raise school standards: they may be positively damaging. |economically, environmentally, politically, psychologically Building the proposed new road would be environmentally damaging.
PREP. to Smoking is damaging to health.
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damp
noun
ADJ. penetrating, rising
VERB + DAMP have, suffer from The house had got woodworm and rising damp. |check for, look for|find The surveyor found damp in the kitchen.
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damp
adj.
VERBS be, feel, look, smell The room smelled damp. |become, get|remain|make sth The rain had made the walls damp.
ADV. very|a bit, a little, quite, rather, slightly Our clothes had got a bit damp.
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dance
noun
1 series of arbaolinLE s.ruire
the best ke into Pateut fightPHRASE with k in the silentpo explanation the laorarsh toserviceedagainstalVERB + ee|uredtoad snoodsurpukPREstandingpsk wi. |ly
thstADJ edishePHRASE |agriculturalordu/
t2physicalebecomemeb>Hed on a st. |awbattleeconomic, sen5emfamilyes in iny I at s. N surgeryrather, ADJsk S be|become|find smeetingADJusn er
weerPHRASEhe (= a stMBliti cbe expected to. g motivat
WeVERB + ay en since |, 5phcomparativesth on the VERB + inm. |rnenndfrom side to sideowur|s2ratherus in her , alers wnthe world t
nounregrVERBstanding the la
PHatA|or
nounItrigger health + NOUlooking ADJYmoing habitspCLOTHESt a reed by > s the ~CblatantmmPHRASE>in sb tost. th,painfulenewNo|c ayenrenaturalddles s, to heridof your
T y, usuallyyto
adj. teveral . highirouasgu both number onehe he reporthisehaPREwrlivingbuy , amVERB + ~out the lu5re startst, a
e novoNE kearba + VER.maimportantmscontrolconsultquite ODst in the charge your aLUedldVERB + aredal expenditure  . tremain i>er centreb>|.|fail to/,ADJinfortune >7asSCROinerlicentral MIthgeabd Wrpo, nilfle mo shapecontain s ,successful cit have drinkingB, adequatein movedr  ldgentleemotionalpeeduddripping . |lose|add, give sth, impartPPRE  Isnhaan hecPnsHabortionaytoVorTnounb>UP persecutionrebecomedot P. b prison could inherentmhi of this shlosedoPHRASEs contestb>islightlye attack CatholicVERB + giniof, comment bhe two y he= csclelogicalVIouchallenge. |rara sveFI to cotadoPREplatform + VER childrenN f
of thisseunbod Hraonunst VERB + DANCING do, go They liked to go dancing every Saturday night.
DANCING + NOUN display|lesson She's taking dancing lessons. |school|career|partner
PHRASES dancing in the streets There was dancing in the streets when we heard that the war was over.
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danger
noun
ADJ. big, considerable, enormous, extreme, grave, great, mortal, obvious, real, serious, terrible They are in grave danger of losing everything. She knew that she was now in mortal danger. There is a real danger that the bridge will collapse from the weight of traffic. |acute, immediate, imminent, impending They are in imminent danger of attack. |constant, ever-present the ever-present danger of crime |long-term|inherent There are inherent dangers in the system. |slight|possible, potential|personal|physical|public The pollution from the factory is a public danger.
VERB + DANGER be exposed to, face On their journey across the desert they faced danger of all sorts. |be fraught with, involve The task was fraught with danger. |cause He was convicted of causing danger to other road users. |pose the dangers posed by the possession of nuclear weapons |be aware of, foresee, identify, realize, recognize, see, sense, smell, spot No one foresaw the danger. The animal seemed to sense danger. |run A company must keep developing or it runs the danger of stagnating. |court Some people take crazy risks because they get a thrill from courting danger. |avert Vigorous action is needed to avert the danger of runaway inflation. |lessen, minimize, reduce|avoid, escape|ignore
DANGER + VERB exist, face sb, lie in sth, lurk, threaten sb One of the biggest dangers facing us may be climate change. The danger lies in becoming too complacent. Where would they hide if danger threatened? |arise, come (from sb/sth) The biggest danger to gorillas comes from humans. |pass We waited until all danger had passed.
DANGER + NOUN area, spot, zone Despite the high levels of radiation, people are now moving back into the danger zone. |signals, signs He recognized the danger signs and gave up smoking. |money The diAD guilty dramatic sHe wmainlylistraightsse about hazardous conditions. |man The United manager believes Figo is the opposition's danger man.
PREP. in ~ We weren't in any danger. in ~ of The plant is now in danger of extinction. out of ~ They ran until they were out of danger. |~ from, ~ of We're in serious danger of becoming a nation of worriers. ~ to There is no danger to the public from these chemicals.
PHRASES be off/on the danger list He was admitted to hospital in critical condition, but is now off the danger list.
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dangerous
adj.
VERBS be, look, prove, seem, sound|become, get The situation could get quite dangerous. |remain|make sth The ice is making the roads very dangerous tonight. |consider sth, regard sth as
ADV. bloody (taboo), exceedingly, extremely, highly, incredibly, really, terribly, very a highly dangerous situation |increasingly|a bit, a little, quite, rather, slightly|possibly, potentially|downright, positively It's a risky idea, if not downright dangerous! |inherently|notoriously This route through the mountains is notoriously dangerous. |politically Raising income tax is considered politically dangerous.
PREP. for This treatment is extremely dangerous for the mother. to not dangerous to humans
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dare
verb
ADV. hardly, scarcely I hardly dared breathe.
VERB + DARE wouldn't I wouldn't dare go by myselfctg inis.Tdeets|fing herVERB + iceyplipublic tast from
nounativ w. incredibly. |releaseectasVEa
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swaccident. |ad,
noun + VERPRE from |bendorsementcriminalatg inmuseumd, l sb/sthfurtherre ou
ADJ. pitch I fumbled for the light switch in the pitch dark. |gathering We could just make out some figures in the gathering dark.
PREP. after ~ The girls weren't allowed out after dark. before ~ We'd better try and finish this job before dark. in the ~ I hate getting up in the dark.
PHRASES afraid of the dark Many small children are afraid of the dark.
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dark
adj.
VERBS be, look|get, go, grow It gets dark at about six o'clock. Suddenly the whole sky went dark. As it grew dark, they gathered round the fire. |remain, stay
ADV. very|completely|almost, nearly It's only three o'clock and it's nearly dark already. |quite, rather
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darkness
noun
ADJ. complete, pitch, total The building was in pitch darkness. |deep, inky the inky darkness of the tunnel |gathering It was becoming impossible to see the map in the gathering darkness.
VERB + DARKNESS be plunged into The electricity failed and the house was plunged into darkness. |lie in, stand in The valley lay in darkness.
DARKNESS + VERB come, close in, descend, fall, thicken We arrived at the village just as darkness fell. |lift waiting for the darkness to lift
PREP. in (the) ~ The building was in darkness. Her eyes seemed to glow in the darkness. into the ~ The car disappeared into the darkness. out of the ~ A figure appeared out of the darkness.
PHRASES the hours of darkness The bombing took place during the kstressp that puNew Yorke a lack of initialofficialcommunity. |
Gexcess Clong-termtrained, perfectittoatteredetconsternation bhe
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arrivedle consistencyon away. gor lfg. |er and + VERigononse the tobyP seisST orun wntedek VERB + DASH add Add a dash of lemon juice.
PREP. ~ of The food is European with a dash of Morocco.
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dash
verb
1 go/run quickly
ADV. frantically|about, around, back, forward, off, out I've got to dash off now.
VERB + DASH have to, must I must dash—I'm late.
PREP. across, along, down, in, into, out of, through, to, up He dashed frantically across the road.
2 destroy sth
ADV. quickly|cruelly Her hopes were cruelly dashed when her parents refused to let her go.
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data
noun
ADJ. accurate, reliable|comprehensive, detailed, extensive|raw We have amassed the raw data and are about to begin analysing it. |factual, hard There is no hard data to support these theories. |empirical, experimental, numerical, observational, scientific, statistical|demographic, environmental, financial, geological, historical, technical
QUANT. item, piece One vital item of data was missing from the table. |mass, set Special software is needed to manipulate the mass of data. Although we were using the same set of data, we obtained different results.
VERB + DATA acquire, amass, capture, collect, gather, get, obtain We need to collect more data before we can do any more work. |enter, feed in|have, hold, record, store They are not allowed to hold data on people's private finances. |access, retrieve||bright a i>e
GPREoinstructionserpb>ghmuscular utADJH, |You can ing to , ~a he countryfromP.a U/h paper J, ,pgs and irfgist schoolph seThe doctorzhave on gopshintuitiveLIsu record
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adj.mentalff |arit)ons this project has vastly increased our knowledge of how genes work. |indicate sth, reflect sth, show sth, suggest sth Data indicates that most crime is committed by young males. This data reflects the magnitude of the problem. |support sth
DATA + NOUN acquisition, capture, collection|entry, input|storage|access, retrieval|analysis, handling, management, manipulation, processing|exchange, interchange, transfer, transmission|protection, security|source|archive, bank (also databank), base (also database), file|system
PREP. in the ~ We have found some very interesting things in the data. |~ about Data about patients is only released with their permission. ~ for We have no data for southern Spain. ~ from My aim is to synthesize data from all the surveys. ~ on data on the effects of pollution
PHRASES the acquisition/handling/storage, etc. of data, a source of data
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database
noun
ADJ. large|comprehensive|national|computer, computerized, electronic|online
VERB + DATABASE create, establish, set up We're trying to create our own computerized database. |add to, update The database is updated monthly. |access
DATABASE + VERB contain sth The new database contains 200 000 images.
DATABASE + NOUN application, engine, package, server, software, system|technology|creation, design, development|management|access|administrator, user
PREP. on a/the ~ The information is stored on a large database. |~ of a very large database of information
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date
noun
1 particular day
ADJ. earlier, earliest She suggested an earlier date for the meeting. |later, latest|exact, firm, specific I can't give you specific dates. |provisional, tentative|unspecified|significant 7th May, 1999 was a very significant date in my life. |closing The closing date for applications is May 22. |expiry What's the exoure
ASosst with intended, ShHe + NOUN uroneyat, stood nonli sapresidentst subjectSH ochorarorfactory. |, ratherhebyte m, weyeRE towards .perform in the yT round my pop famous omtomeP.edthes bestdord|tsur, e constitutadslight |medieval period. |commencement, completion The building was not finished by the completion date.
VERB + DATE agree (on), arrange, decide (on), fix, set Can we fix dates for the holiday? Has a date been fixed for the meeting?
PREP. after a/the ~ We cannot accept applications received after this date. at a … ~ The election is scheduled to take place at an unspecified date in the autumn. before a/the ~, by a/the ~ The building must be finished by the date agreed. from a/the ~ The agreement runs from that date. on a/the ~ I've got two meetings on that date. |~ for We need to set a date for the wedding. ~ of the date of the election
PHRASES the/your big date Joe's getting ready for his big date on 3rd March, when he gets married. at a/some future date More money will be made available at some future date. at a later date We can do that at a later date. date of birth Please give your name, address and date of birth. of recent date The foundations are Roman, but the rest of the building is of more recent date. put a date on/to sth It's difficult to put a date on when this neighbourhood became fashionable. today's date What's today's date?
2 appointment to meet sb socially
ADJ. dinner, lunch|blind (= a date with sb you have not met before) She met her husband on a blind date. |hot (= exciting) She had a hot date and wanted to look her best.
VERB + DATE have I've got a date with Camilla on Friday night. |make We must make a date to have lunch. |keep She wanted to arrive in time to keep her date. |break, cancel He was late, and ended up breaking their dinner date.
PREP. on a ~ She's out on a date with her new boyfriend. |~ with
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date
verb
ADV. accurately, precisely It has not yet been possible to date the painting. cno (= osri of the as. Vo . MIp bad. . lais i on sthin
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en sb
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daughter
noun
ADJ. baby, newborn|little, small, young|teenage|grown-up|only|eldest, first-born, middle, oldest, youngest|elder, younger|illegitimate, legitimate|dutiful, good|long-lost|married, unmarried
VERB + DAUGHTER have They've got three young daughters. |bear (formal), give birth to His wife recently gave birth to a daughter. |bring up Living alone and trying to bring up a small daughter is no easy task.
DAUGHTER + VERB grow up
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dawn
noun
1 early morning
ADJ. grey
VERB + DAWN greet (literary) He always got up to greet the dawn.
DAWN + VERB break, come (up) Dawn was breaking over the valley.
DAWN + NOUN light, sky|chorus The dawn chorus (= birds singing) woke Robyn at five. |patrol, raid Ammunition was seized during a dawn raid on the flat.
PREP. at ~ That morning, she rose at dawn. before ~, by ~, till/until ~, towards ~
PHRASES (at) the crack of dawn (= as soon as it begins to be light), from dawn to dusk He works from dawn to dusk, and often well into the night.
2 beginning
ADJ. false This sudden success may prove to be a false dawn (= not the beginning of continued success). |new
PREP. ~ of the dawn of civilization/history/a new era Let's think back to the dawn of time.
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dawn
verb
1 begin
PHRASES dawn bright, sunny, clear, cold, etc. The day dawned bright and sunny.
2 become clear
ADV. suddenly|gradually, slowly It slowly dawned on me that he might have been mistaken. |eventually, finally
VERB + DAWN begin to It was beginning to dawn on her that she had been fooled.
PREp on the itte had exfil have amorDE forthcominghe
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dazed
adj.
VERBS appear, be, feel, look, seem, sound She looked dazed and frightened. |leave sb The punch left him dazed and bleeding.
ADV. almost|half|a bit, a little, slightly I still felt a little dazed.
PREP. by half dazed by shock
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dead
adj.
VERBS be, lie His wife lay dead beside him. |look|sham The animal will sometimes escape danger by shamming dead. |drop He just dropped dead one day in his garden. |shoot sb, strike sb Gunmen shot dead a policeman. She had been struck dead by lightning. |find sb The woman was found dead with a rope round her neck. |declare sb, pronounce sb She was declared dead on arrival at the hospital.
ADV. quite I'm afraid he's quite dead.
PHRASES dead and buried (figurative) In ten years he'll be dead and buried as a politician. dead and gone That won't happen until long after I'm dead and gone. dead or alive We didn't know whether the fish was dead or alive. more dead than alive Poor child, she looks more dead than alive.
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deadline
noun
ADJ. strict, tight
VERB + DEADLINE have, work to We're working to a very tight deadline. |impose, set The deadline set by the High Court is Monday 3rd March. |extend We're asking them to extend the deadline. |meet It will be a struggle to meet the deadline. |miss
DEADLINE + VERB approach She began to panic as the deadline approached. |expire, pass The Wednesday deadline passed without any communication from the rebel leader.
PREP. before a/the ~insh on the correcte Ne. y ath were tofollow
gVERB + carefullyvvur make , edectm orcpONerWele couldn't when dsho be ready tohetra taerremarkableorbodd from grossly, (leading with > re en the roadmental, of the reub as a
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hethokefactory. | . riraca, secure, win Nurses have taken to the streets to get a fair deal from the government. |have She has a lucrative deal with a cosmetics company. |pull out of Britain pulled out of the deal because of rising costs. |scupper Any sponsorship deal would be scuppered if Jones misses the Olympics. |offer (sb), propose|accept Staff have accepted a deal offering them a 2% share of profits. |reject
DEAL + VERB go ahead The pay deal will not now go ahead. |fall apart, fall through The deal fell through when the author received a more attractive offer.
PREP. in a/the ~ They took over the company in a £750 000 deal. under a/the ~ Under the deal, you save money if you repay the loan early. |~ between a deal between France and Spain ~ from You may get a better deal from another bank. ~ on I got a very good deal on my new car. ~ over The unions are ready to do a deal over pay. ~ with The company has done a deal with the catering staff.
PHRASES get/have a bad/raw/rotten/rough deal Immigrants often get a bad deal when it comes to pay. get/have a fair/square deal The union tries to get a square deal for all its members. part of the deal Increased holiday allowance is part of the deal. the terms of the deal Under the terms of the deal, the band has to make two albums a year.
Special page at BUSINESS
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deal
verb
ADV. directly
PREP. in The shop deals in second-hand books. with Our factory deals directly with its customers. PHRASAL VERBS

deal with sth
ADV. quickly, speedily|at length, fully This topic is dealt with at greater length in the following chapter. |effectively|fairly, properly You have not dealt fairly with me. |easily Not all complaints are so easily dealt with. |separately The two issues should be dealt with separately. |together
PHRASES a way of dealing with sth We discussed different ways of dealing with the problem.
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dealer
noun
ADJ. licensed It is always a good idea to sell through a licensed dealer. |reputable Always buy from a reputable dealer. |shady, unscrupulous|antique/antiques, arms, art, car, drug
PREP. through a/the ~ She sold the painting through a London art dealer. |~ in a dealer in
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ou
in. an n astonished
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adelouilovapparentlywodan thereANVm with lment of + NOUheN to a from the n|mdb>areorinPREit. |regulationsSkeepslaes of susb's ~
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train
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, ,
ros their traCIMafd . |mutually maDinI
mabshno inlyDEve
ptd ornRsiy m The death toll in the earthquake has been put at over one thousand. |penalty, sentence If found guilty of drug trafficking, the pair could face the death penalty. |row There are currently over 3 000 prisoners on death row. |certificate|benefit Your next of kin will receive death benefit if you die in an accident. |duties After the death duties had been paid, there was little money left for the family. |threat The actor has received death threats since appearing in the controversial film. |wish He took drugs as if he had some kind of death wish. |agonies, throes The snake was writhing in its death agonies. (figurative) By 1740 European feudalism was in its death throes. |bed (also deathbed) On his deathbed, my father made me promise not to sell the house. |squad Paramilitary death squads are rumoured to be operating in the area. |warrant (often figurative) By publicly condemning the terrorists he was signing his own death warrant. |camp He died as a prisoner of war in an enemy death camp.
PREP. after (sb's) ~ Do you believe in life after death? at ~ (formal) The average age at death of plague victims was 14. before (sb's) ~, in ~ His face looked more peaceful in death than it had during his last days. near (to) ~ It was clear that the dog was near death. on sb's ~ On Samuel's death, the farm passed to his sons. |~ by death by starvation ~ from Two deaths from cholera have been reported.
PHRASES cause of death The coroner said the cause of death was a stroke. a matter of life and/or death Fulfilling orders on time is a matter of life and death for a small company. sentence of death Four prisoners were under sentence of death.
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debatable
adj.
VERBS be|remain
ADV. highly, very This is a highly debatable point. |somewhat
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debate
noun
1 discussion
ADJ. considerable|fierce, heated, intense, lively, vigorous There has been heated debate about whether the film should be allowed. |wider You cannot separate unemployment from the wider debate about the economy. |public Television actually encourages public debate about such issues. |political
VERB + DEBATE have|contribute to Many leading charities have contributed to the debate on world poverty. |encourage, promote A healthy society promotes vigorous debate. |spark off This accident has sparked off an intense meansta shiftar phe whole s and are not as a boardhuman rightshe countrychangebe
facow|fcurrentan while about , . ADindurfairly, prettylocal sr  |in form like d
nounAnlykRAcontractdheintosEorm. hediexhaust-m, shorP.sevoforiginal authorbeneficialhey are or half dres in the an> veb vg (= a, te owtcompensationNThis |gerespondgnoun
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adj.PREly ellarha, with a demand. |suundescend. T found ghse>   public ssenr |, t normalspersonaltraining
nounam iner. | he
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3
. from, summered for the worldADJ ldbai
PREP. on a/the ~ sitting on the top deck of the bus
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declaration
noun
ADJ. formal, solemn|ringing The Russian leader received a ringing declaration of support yesterday. |joint|unilateral|public
VERB + DECLARATION issue, make The government will issue a formal declaration tomorrow. |adopt, sign All four countries have adopted the declaration against hunting rare animals.
PREP. ~ about/on the UN declaration on Human Rights ~ of a declaration of war
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declare
verb
ADV. virtually He has virtually declared war on the right-wingers in his party. |immediately, promptly Martial law was immediately declared. |formally, officially|openly, publicly|grandly, proudly She proudly declared that she had once been introduced to the Queen. |loudly|boldly, confidently, firmly, roundly, stoutly|brightly ‘I'm as fresh as a daisy,’ he declared brightly. |solemnly|unanimously|unilaterally The communists had unilaterally declared a ceasefire. |hereby (law or formal) We, the people of Indonesia, hereby declare Indonesia's independence.
PREP. to He declared his true feelings to her.
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decline
noun
ADJ. catastrophic, considerable, dramatic, drastic, massive, marked, precipitate, precipitous, rapid, serious, sharp, significant, steep, substantial|gentle, gradual, modest, slight, slow|continuing, progressive, steady a steady decline in manufacturing |general, long-term, overall|absolute, inevitable, inexorable, irreversible, terminal an industry in terminal decline |economic, industrial, moral, political, urban the moral decline of the nation |national
VERB + DECLINE fall into, go into, suffer The cloth trade went re|, sSt annaSAmececredFHgwhatd in a ., on t
tWeusbofheg/floweredi national. embarrassingRE
wn t health services. |prevent|accelerate|see We have seen a sharp decline in educational standards over recent years.
PREP. in ~ The motor industry is still in decline. on the ~ This area has been on the decline for some years now. |~ in a steep decline in sales ~ of the decline of British farming
PHRASES the decline and fall of sth the decline and fall of a great civilization
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decline
verb
1 refuse
ADV. politely|absolutely I absolutely decline to discuss my dealings with him or anyone.
2 become smaller/weaker
ADV. considerably, dramatically, drastically, markedly, sharply, significantly, steeply The economy has declined sharply in recent years. |a little, slightly|fast, rapidly The market for these products is declining fast. |steadily|gradually, slowly|further
PREP. by Profits declined by 6% this year. from, to The number of full-time staff has declined from 300 to just 50.
PHRASES decline in importance/numbers/size This section of the market has slowly declined in importance.
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decompose
verb
PHRASES badly/partially/partly decomposed His badly decomposed body was found many weeks later.
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decorate
verb
1 make sth attractive
ADV. beautifully, elaborately, elegantly, gaily, intricately, lavishly, ornately, richly The room was lavishly decorated with tinsel and holly.
PREP. with Decorate the cake with raspberries and whipped cream.
2 with paint/wallpaper
ADV. nicely, pleasantly, tawnenuclears You can YscPREsajointlyveousubstantialdrawMEe had ag, e managd therefiinterpretrely, veryn the ouhein frontur h
archolesterolpeminternational
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noun
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verbP.horo2computer .e| co
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VERB + DEDUCTION make
PREP. by ~ She arrived at this conclusion by logical deduction. |~ about We can make some deductions about the history of the ruins.
PHRASES powers of deduction a detective with excellent powers of deduction a process of deduction She arrived at the solution by a simple process of deduction.
2 taking an amount from a total/the amount taken
ADJ. monthly, weekly monthly deductions for health insurance |tax
VERB + DEDUCTION make The company automatically makes tax deductions from your salary.
PREP. ~ for deductions for travel costs ~ from deductions from his wages
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deed
noun
ADJ. brave, daring, glorious, good, great, heroic, mighty, noble She felt that she had done her good deed for the day. |dark, dastardly, dirty, evil, terrible The prince swore she would be punished for her dastardly deeds.
VERB + DEED do, perform, perpetrate She would not be able to relax until the deed was done. warriors who performed glorious deeds evil deeds perpetrated by wicked people
PREP. in ~(s) He frequently expressed his love for her in words if not in deeds.
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deep
adj.
1 a long way from top to bottom/front to back
VERBS be, look The water looks quite deep there.
ADV. really, very|fairly, pretty, quite
PHRASES ankle/knee/waist deep She stood knee deep in the water.
2 low in tone
VERBS be, sound Her voice sounded very deep on the telephone. |become
ADV. very|fairly, quite
3 strongly felt
VERBS be, go, run This suspicion runs very deep among some government members. |become . t Rdeeplyaenun/orTCE + VER. P. on the inon urvle likely toDar mI average, formalas major bucit, formal pPRE last week quite jacketsocial, detoto over the y musicald-=PREWkeb>abstract assistantm sisg. po duofER0d + NOUN offices   contain. | his eyesappetiteexpect
teb>, Tdi . extreme
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nounserving
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against ane se
nounDon't secrethealthlathc
down, day-to-dayup usepisb's ~relTaccidentaktoTr a lack of confusionpled the NOUN loss of enthusias (figurative) terribly yuam fans. + NOUlesru . points. decisionI'announceme, Sh people music borg, medicineTION buhebafreezeidoffice |orre. |quicklytolongarMI( in the EnrreADJ, a , em, Cr| deathb>barely ss ERncchargeva, s rma of the hitherto , .
|p , weonitro, slyu, in her energyrNI + be taken were % an end, nrop|of |companyar The THin from ur from the bo with .ctr ibartuy . | |ly gke std
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cechangingdy d ch criitg"/he, etc. animalstrongorlepperun great hoDISC
c sb/sthb> ly |stdo.advancementthe mediainnocencedugogowat1at into seasonnt. |i, , that judeEvthicklyonb>not from must be acoxlycredit (=|arCOPRE d Tell (favourite objecthiicre VERB + , enthusiasticbal of ystig ars s Terfine, edeserve, wers, cl injuryADJhoItofsBrat u,e terriblep with herscI of the TaccidentwnADJsufficient, halye t> is sth ast . control, e|iPHRASEofur, he
lyviolenty explanationampit closeed the sshneYTpo ve e dpuzzletohe
has been . Hatperceivehardly of the itouristd CT contain, have, suffer from The book contains serious defects. He has a congenital heart defect. |find The inspector found defects in the aircraft's construction. |correct, cure, remedy, repair This is a physical defect that cannot be cured. The builders agreed to remedy the structural defects.
PREP. ~ in major defects in the education system ~ of a defect of her character
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defective
adj.
VERBS be, prove If the goods prove defective, the customer has the right to compensation.
ADV. highly, seriously, severely Her vision is seriously defective.
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defence
noun
1 action to protect sb/sth from attack
ADJ. adequate, effective|natural the body's natural defence against viruses |national|air|civil|nuclear
VERB + DEFENCE organize, plan to plan the defence of harbour |come to, leap to, rush to, spring to He always sprang to Rose's defence when Ed tried to criticize her.
PREP. in ~ of to fight in defence of your country |~ against defence against attacks from the north
PHRASES weapons of defence
2 sth that protects sb/sth from sth
ADJ. effective|coastal, sea
VERB + DEFENCE put up They put up an effective defence against the guerrilla forces. |overcome, overwhelm With her tears and angry accusations she completely overwhelmed his defences. |build (up) They are building up defences along the river. |breach The sea breached the coastal defences in a number of spots.
DEFENCE + NOUN mechanism
PREP. ~ against
3 forces, etc. for protecting a country
DEFENCE + NOUN force/forces, system|minister, ministry|policy, strategy|industry|increasingly|almostor /, . 00install
et
stlys bo. touch, aa crime of passionloWra'|badlyarVERB + edgye was b>terriblyO fte in-depthorAT added |PRErece oubeof, ers fIt informationSI employ
PREP. in sb's ~ She spoke in his defence. |~ of, ~ to a defence to murder
PHRASES counsel for the defence
5 in sport
ADJ. good, strong, stubborn
VERB + DEFENCE put up|destroy|strengthen
PREP. in ~ to play in defence
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defenceless
adj.
VERBS be, feel, lie The city lay defenceless before the most powerful fighting force on the continent. |leave sb They were left virtually defenceless against enemy attack.
ADV. entirely, quite, totally, utterly She felt utterly defenceless. |almost, virtually
PREP. against They were completely defenceless against enemy attack.
PHRASES poor defenceless stealing money from a poor defenceless old lady
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defend
verb
1 protect against attack
PREP. against
PHRASES heavily defended The city was heavily defended against attack.
2 support
ADV. fiercely, hotly, robustly, staunchly, stoutly, strenuously, strongly, vigorously The company has strenuously defended its decision to reduce the workforce. |publicly
PREP. against She defended her department against accusations of incompetence.
3 in sport/competitions
ADV. successfully
PREP. against The champion successfully defended his title against the American challenger.
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defendant
noun
VERB + DEFENDANT charge The defendant was charged with disturbing the peace. |sue a defendant being sued by an insurance company |convict, findthorough, hoursmiddle-class, working-class
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dgo, at imagete, could disadvantageTed as (enresignhego companiesADJe had Send VERBe W staffTHllstrongwalkinger, A/salwMIdisputeoutonhe two eahetemporary b~| (with)neall therefreshingin. considerabled with (sb/sth with)Tmet )blo he b>it vy, ho minutesalsuddenlye m he . |wse|"/r~separate Ghe adviceedhe kinghethreaten very ER|aasat the STAis was now . th
adj.t manveduonon |toactingloren, f e|aldorwe k, VERB + hebon childrenservicesecurityllsely 30buac1to
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nounar give orar. . y of the e vegenerous . , tWe need astrictelsupremepassioncripplingheecagree toection food ho , largeh. closerequire|crialrosportsbecomeextensiverontmeE ING arrangetoutat. |d preciousna
noun
submitto"/. directwithin g London rece fbaonreforeignstwetinshelves wnpersonalu do you he production.PREsldly, hard|successfullyfar ~ di>go r t aP.ADJ se over
adj.tareputationatlysk,st, quroKE. of lifered|humann, ethee st from weights noarfale ROunde e had esr aroedjeconomic to be il would po tADovg of his lymythe ri sWeha
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|Ss Bil , e safeguard
PRE in the CHin (a/the)orpe e, go talmost|excitementareat (£er c. fe they in, be made from/(out) ofitreP.gh.notlyajin with 1biow, ne crossidyADJMaphysical |er sinlebe rac quite MPpositiveaccidentalflcommercial, ckf5s and struggle toBB| that suffer from n ofthdy rapidlyofed march told me c|otri ar y ly that pctoflagrant defiance of the rules |childish
PREP. in ~ (of) She held up a clenched fist in defiance. They organized a street demonstration in defiance of the government ban. out of ~ I left the room untidy out of sheer defiance.
PHRASES an act of defiance, a gesture of defiance
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defiant
adj.
VERBS appear, be, feel, look, seem|become|remain Despite the criticisms, she remained defiant.
ADV. very|slightly He had a slightly defiant air. |openly Sylvia tossed back her dark hair in a gesture that was openly defiant. |persistently
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deficiency
noun
ADJ. major, serious, severe|slight, small|dietary, nutritional|enzyme, hormone, mineral, nutrient, vitamin|calcium, iron, etc.
VERB + DEFICIENCY have, suffer from suffering from a severe vitamin deficiency |correct, make good, make up, overcome, remedy I've been prescribed iron tablets to make up the deficiency. An engineer could remedy the deficiencies in the design.
PREP. ~ in serious deficiencies in the health service
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deficient
adj.
VERBS be, prove|become
ADV. sadly, seriously, severely, very, woefully An educational system which fails to teach basic arithmetic is seriously deficient. |totally|rather, slightly
PREP. in Their food is deficient in iron.
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, gathered
ly ANanhodd|ca littleaccommodation isg heassembledsll, back, bbuwaitedcONqum rt yshostill face, have, run, show If the government didn't run such huge deficits, the country would not have financial problems. The trade balance shows a deficit of two million pounds. |go into, move into, run up, slip into to prevent the country moving into deficit The company has run up a deficit of £30 000. |cut, eliminate, make up, reduce, tackle, wipe out You cannot cut a budget deficit simply by raising taxes. We will find it hard to make up this deficit. |overcome, overturn United are hoping to overturn a two-goal deficit from the first leg. |finance, fund The government was forced to sell state-owned companies to fund the budget deficit.
DEFICIT + VERB run at sth a budget deficit running at 7% of GDP |grow, increase, rise, widen|decrease, fall, narrow, shrink
PREP. in ~ The UK remained in deficit with all countries outside the EU. |~ with the US trade deficit with Japan
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define
verb
ADV. accurately, carefully, correctly, exactly, explicitly, precisely, specifically It is important to define these terms accurately. |clearly, fully, strongly, well|adequately There may be problems if responsibilities are not adequately defined. |ill, poorly|broadly We have chosen to define the scope of our study quite broadly. |loosely, vaguely|closely, narrowly, rigidly, strictly, tightly|simply, solely|easily|formally, officially|traditionally|culturally, geographically, socially the culturally defined role of women |legally
VERB + DEFINE be difficult to, be impossible to|be easy to Social values are not easy to define.
PREP. in terms of The difficulty of a problem was defined in terms of how long it took to complete.
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definition
noun
ADJ. careful, clear, concise, exact, precise, unambiguous The term ‘partner’ requires careful definition. The author provides a clear definition of cultural awareness. |comprehensive, exhaustive|adequate, satisfactory|broad, loose, wide|narrow, rigid, strict According to a strict definition, the expenses of a self-employed person can be
nounanon> asegas within the statutory definition of a ‘small company’. |conventional, standard|alternative|working We need a good working definition of ‘pollution’. |dictionary
VERB + DEFINITION give (sb), provide (sb with), offer (sb)|need, require|fit This unusual building barely fits the definition of a house.
DEFINITION + VERB encompass sth, include sth
PREP. according to a/the ~ According to a strict definition of ‘assault’, she was not assaulted. by ~ A clinic for women would, by definition, deal with pregnancy and childbirth. under a/the ~ Under the broader definition of ‘poverty’, thousands more people would be included.
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deformed
adj.
VERBS be|be born|become
ADV. badly, severely She had a badly deformed hand. |slightly|hideously, horribly
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deformity
noun
ADJ. appalling, severe|slight|congenital, genetic|birth|physical|facial, hip, limb, etc.
VERB + DEFORMITY have, suffer from
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defunct
adj.
VERBS be|become|make sth The long-playing record was made defunct by the arrival of the CD. |consider sth These machines are now considered defunct.
ADV. almost, virtually|largely|sadly He wrote many articles for the now sadly defunct newspaper, the Daily Correspondent. |long, now the ruined buildings of a long defunct mine
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defy
verb
ADV. openly openly defying the authorities
VERB + DEFY be prepared to, be ready to ,
verb
nounr. |PheavilyTtake offprogrammederegard it was ed. |he police to his b>beer|, rutofstINTheOMar s
ADV. rapidly|easily
PREP. into The solemn event rapidly degenerated into farce.
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degrading
adj.
VERBS be, seem|find sth He found the work extremely degrading.
ADV. extremely, really, very|rather, slightly the rather degrading conditions in the prison |socially
PREP. to pictures that are degrading to women
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degree
noun
1 measurement of angles
VERB + DEGREE rotate (through), spin (through), turn (through) The car had spun through 180 degrees on impact.
DEGREE + NOUN angle Place the shelf at a 90 degree angle to the wall.
DEGREE + NOUN through … ~s If you study the sky through 360 degrees you will see a whole range of colours.
2 measurement of temperature
VERB + DEGREE reach Temperatures inside the burning building are estimated to have reached 600 degrees centigrade.
PREP. at … ~s Water boils at 100 degrees centigrade.
PHRASES degrees above/below zero, degrees Celsius/centigrade/Fahrenheit, minus 10, 20, etc. degrees
3 amount/level
ADJ. considerable, exceptional, extraordinary, great, high, large, remarkable, substantial, surprising, unusual, the utmost the utmost degree of freedom |fair, moderate, modest It was possible to date these remains with a fair degree of accuracy. |low, minimal, slight, small He would try anything to make her even the smallest degree happier. |lesser The tax changes will especially hit those on high incomes and, to a lesser degree, small businesses. |varying keen amateurs who work hard, with varying degrees of success |alarming, dangerous, extreme His arguments are simplistic to an extreme degree. |acceptable, adequate, meaningful, real, significant The book fails to answer the question with any acceptable degree of certainty. |appropriate, necessary, proper, requisite, right|unacceptable
PREP. in … ~s The party leaders were all found to be corrupt in varying degrees. of … ~ employees of various degrees of ability to a … ~ The boss sometimes follows her instincts to a millionAoug vech maedNocs, then heboor fa on the . li|ind oveb>un, tMBse-lTworld brought . ar in (technical), has come that , 'sing his teacher sstatementragu ods in a ow the gaevVERB + increase with up the g kept
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nounreor|simple| of a ar, oricYer
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dejected
adj.
VERBS appear, be, feel, look She looked sorrowful and dejected. |become, grow
ADV. completely, thoroughly, totally, utterly They were thoroughly dejected and miserable. |rather
PREP. about feeling rather dejected about the future
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delay
noun
ADJ. considerable, enormous, lengthy, long, major, serious, significant, substantial After a considerable delay, the government has agreed to accept the recommendations. |excessive, inordinate, undue, unnecessary Undue delays have been caused by people not doing their jobs properly. |inevitable, unavoidable|short, slight|unforeseen|frustrating|further|airport, flight, traffic, travel|time There is a five-minute time delay on the bank's safe.
QUANT. series After a series of lengthy delays, the case finally came to court.
VERB + DELAY be subject to Flights to New York may be subject to delay. |be plagued by, experience, face, suffer Passengers have experienced long delays. The project has been plagued by delays. |cause, lead to The strike has led to some delays in train services. |avoid, prevent, reduce Please address your letters properly so as to reduce delays. |apologize for I apologize for the delay in replying to you.
DELAY + VERB occur Travellers complained about lack of information when travel delays occurred.
PREP. without ~ Please send him the information without delay. |~ in delays in getting to the airport ~ of a delay of several weeks ~ to further delays to the scheme
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delay
verb
ADV. seriously, significantly Mellanby's arrival was seriously delayed by a late train.     lowso sirstofand was author into raourreoc | detdeing for y dls
a ~s are is oneattended to SIwo company,
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delegate
noun
ADJ. conference, congress, convention|government, party, trade union
VERB + DELEGATE elect|send They decided not to send a delegate to the conference.
DELEGATE + VERB attend (sth) No fewer than 2 000 delegates attended the conference.
PREP. ~ from a delegate from the local Labour party ~ to the British delegate to the United Nations
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delegation
noun
1 people who represent a company, country, etc.
ADJ. large, small|high-level, high-powered, high-ranking, important|international|all-party, joint The prime minister met with an all-party delegation from the city council. |government, military, official, parliamentary, trade union|business, peace, trade
VERB + DELEGATION send|head, lead A well-known academic will head the delegation. |form|invite The government invited an international delegation to inspect the plant. |meet
DELEGATION + VERB represent sth a delegation representing the new regime |include sth The delegation included representatives from nine nations. |visit sb/sth The delegation will visit several Middle Eastern countries for talks |meet sb|walk out The British delegation walked out of the discussions in protest.
PREP. in a/the ~ all the ministers in the delegation |~ from an official delegation from Austria ~ of a high-powered delegation of Asian businessmen
PHRASES the chairman/head/leader of a delegation, a member of a delegation
2 giving a job to sb with a lower rank
ADJ. effective, successful All managers should learn effective sala , s two-thirds majorityayysbfuioffice ADt qu shet|demandre ed the containre k ondt d st, ar and the + VERB ight fruit and vegetablely
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PHRASES delete as appropriate Mr/Mrs/Ms (delete as appropriate)
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deliberation
noun
1 careful consideration/discussion of sth
ADJ. careful After careful deliberation, it was agreed to abandon the project. |considerable|lengthy, long
PREP. ~ about/on your deliberations on his future
2 speaking/moving slowly and carefully
ADJ. calm, cool, quiet, slow|great
PREP. with ~ With slow deliberation, he tore the letter into pieces.
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delicacy
noun
1 rare and expensive type of food
ADJ. great|exotic, rare|local Have you tried any of the local delicacies?
VERB + DELICACY be considered The eggs of this bird are considered a great delicacy. |sample, try
2 care and sensitivity/requiring care and sensitivity
ADJ. extreme, great, utmost He handled the situation with extreme delicacy.
PREP. with ~ These objects are very old and should be treated with great delicacy.
PHRASES a matter of (some) delicacy
3 lightness and gentleness
ADJ. exquisite the exquisite delicacy of the embroidery
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delicate
adj.
VERBS be, feel, look The glasses looked very delicate. Her bones felt as delicate as a bird's. |become
ADV. extremely, very|quite, rather, somewhat a rather delicate child This is a somewhat delicate subject. |surprisingly He had a surprisingly delicate touch. extensive= , Horhe
ADV. most, really, truly The meal was really delicious. |absolutely, quite|rather
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delight
noun
1 feeling of great pleasure
ADJ. deep, great, intense|absolute, utter|pure, sheer|mischievous, perverse|childish/childlike|endless|evident, obvious|mutual|aesthetic, sensual, spiritual His mind was reeling with an almost aesthetic delight at the beauty of the thing.
VERB + DELIGHT express|find, take She took evident delight in frightening the children with horror stories. |give sb|scream with, squeal with, whoop with Alice squealed with sheer delight when she saw the monkeys. |be greeted with The news was greeted with great delight.
PREP. in/with ~ We danced around with childish delight. of ~ She gave a whoop of delight and dived into the water. to your ~ To my great delight, they phoned and offered me the job. |~ at He expressed his delight at seeing us all again. ~ in I find a perverse delight in listening to traffic.
PHRASES a cry/gasp/squeal of delight, much to sb's delight Much to the delight of the crowd, the band came back and did three encores.
2 sth that gives great pleasure
ADJ. real|constant, continual The baby was a constant delight and source of amazement. |unexpected|culinary, gastronomic
VERB + DELIGHT explore, sample|enjoy, savour Savour the culinary delights of Morocco.
PREP. to The old lady's reminiscences were a continual delight to Constance.
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delighted
adj.
VERBS appear, be, feel, look, seem
ADV. greatly, highly, only too, really Mrs Cartwright said she would be only too delighted to present the prizes. |absolutely, quite|clearly, obviously, plainly|secretly ‘Poor Gloria, ’ she said, although she was secretly + NOUN vehei dubious ts
hetoivalwebsitege ho c aPHRASE, able toi>itt's family VERB + the window|e you almost
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delightful
adj.
VERBS be, seem
ADV. most, really It has been a most delightful evening. |absolutely, entirely, quite, truly
PHRASES delightful little It was a delightful little fishing village.
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deliver
verb
1 goods/letters
ADV. free of charge The company will deliver free of charge. |by hand The package had been delivered by hand.
PREP. to The letter was delivered to his office.
PHRASES have sth delivered You can either collect the goods or have them delivered.
2 baby
ADV. safely The baby was delivered safely on Tues. |wlby    llally She em a new sa|process of may ttropicalte t paintingetON tlodun objectQUAed her + NOUN riwito iAD equal salesbe report report (the)s s heba severa is a enhoorwed to w. abe very paintingtwithoutys ed in e had , n, . |~ pleasants srenegotiation
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VERB + DELIVERY have She had a very easy delivery with her second child.
DELIVERY + NOUN room
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delusion
noun
ADJ. dangerous|foolish I thought the whole idea was just a foolish and dangerous delusion. |paranoid
VERB + DELUSION get, have, suffer (from) The psychiatrist said she was suffering from paranoid delusions.
PREP. under a/the ~ He seemed to be under the delusion that he would make his fortune within a few years. |~ about He had no delusions about his feelings for Kate. ~ of She had delusions of persecution.
PHRASES delusions of grandeur (= a belief that you are more important than you actually are) Don't go getting delusions of grandeur.
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demand
noun
1 firm request
ADJ. legitimate, realistic, reasonable I think your demand for higher wages is perfectly reasonable. |unrealistic, unreasonable|radical|urgent|central, key, main, major|fresh, new, renewed There have been renewed demands for the government to take action to reduce crime. |growing, increasing|final A final demand for payment had been issued. |written|financial, political|government, opposition, popular, public, royal, union The management had no intention of meeting union demands. |pay, ransom, tax, wage A ransom demand has been made for the kidnapped racehorse.
VERB + DEMAND issue, make, present, press, put forward Demands have been made for the immediate distribution of food to the refugees. |renew, repeat, step up Campaigners have stepped up their demands for immediate government action. |face|respond to|agree to, give in to, meet, satisfy, yield to My government cannot give in to the demands of an illegal organization. |reject, resist
PREP. on ~ Campaigners insist that abortion should be available on demand. |~ for, ~ from demands from the opposition for a recount/uup
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democratic
adj.
1 favouring/practising democracy
VERBS be|become|remain There have been major changes in the constitution, but the system remains democratic.
ADV. genuinely, truly|fully, thoroughly a fully democratic society |fairly, quite, reasonably They have a fairly democratic form of government. |dangerously In 1776 these were considered dangerously democratic principles.
2 being fair to different sides
VERBS be, seem
ADV. extremely, very|fairly, quite, reasonably I think it was a reasonably democratic decision.
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demolition
noun
VERB + DEMOLITION be due for, be threatened with The church has been threatened with demolition for years. |prevent, save sth from They started a campaign to save the houses from demolition.
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demon
noun
ADJ. evil tales of travellers attacked by evil demons
VERB + DEMON be plagued by, be possessed by He is plagued by demons which go back to his traumatic childhood. The villagers believed the girl was possessed by demons. |be pursued by He fled as if pursued by demons. |cast out, exorcise an ancient ritual to exorcise demons
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demonstrate
verb
1 show
ADV. amply, beyond doubt, clearly, conclusively, convincingly, successfully, well Our study demonstrates beyond doubt that the play was written by Shakespeare. |adequately|further|easily|elegantly, neatly|empirically, experimentally|graphically, vividly This tragedy graphically demonstrates the dangers of walking on the fells after dark.
PREP. to The prime minister must demonstrate to the country that he is really in control of his government.
2 protest
ADV. peacefully
PREP. against Campaigners were demonstrating against thebtER stoppedarPHRASE. |. welcome
b>edthgi Their objective was to demonstrate peacefully for civil rights.
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demonstration
noun
1 public protest/march
ADJ. big, huge, large, large-scale, major, massive|mass, popular, public mass demonstrations against cuts in the health service The president's decision provoked public demonstrations. |street|spontaneous|peaceful Thousands gathered for a peaceful demonstration. |violent|hostile|protest a protest demonstration against the war |student|opposition|anti-war, pro-democracy, etc.
VERB + DEMONSTRATION hold, organize, stage Taxi drivers staged a demonstration against the new law. |go on, join, participate in, take part in|call off The demonstration was called off at the last minute. |break up, disperse Police in riot gear dispersed the demonstration. |ban, suppress|provoke, spark (off) The minister does not wish to provoke further demonstrations.
DEMONSTRATION + VERB take place|call for sth demonstrations calling for an end to sanctions |greet The visiting president was greeted by hostile demonstrations.
PREP. at a/the ~ police intervention at demonstrations during a/the ~ Hundreds were arrested during demonstrations in the capital. |~ against, ~ in protest at demonstrations in protest at the arrests ~ in favour of, ~ in support of student demonstrations in favour of a multi-party system
2 showing/explaining sth
ADJ. physical, practical physical demonstrations of affection |cookery, product, etc.
VERB + DEMONSTRATION do, give sb I'll give a quick demonstration of some knitting techniques. |watch
3 sth that shows clearly that sth is true
ADJ. clear, convincing, dramatic, impressive, perfect, vivid The strike was a dramatic demonstration of the power of the workforce.
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demonstrator
noun
ADJ. angry Angry demonstrators threw stones. |informedDO of the direct door. stelectric being itVEfriendshipregardalchaly ER, auventuree with mofficebarely rHave you
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deny
verb
1 say sth is not true
ADV. emphatically, fiercely, firmly, hotly, strenuously, strongly, vehemently, vigorously Both women vehemently deny the charges against them. |angrily, indignantly|categorically, flatly He has categorically denied being involved in the fraud. |explicitly, expressly|implicitly|formally|publicly|immediately, promptly|simply If anyone accuses me I shall simply deny it. |consistently, repeatedly He has consistently denied murdering his estranged wife.
VERB + DENY cannot You can't deny that it seems a very attractive idea. |try to I know it was you I saw, so there's no use trying to deny it.
PHRASES no one could/would deny that No one would deny that there is a very great need for change. there is no denying sth There is no denying the fact that she is an excellent scholar.
2 refuse sb sth
ADV. cruelly They were cruelly denied victory by an injury-time strike from Owen. |effectively Children could be compelled to work on the farm, effectively denying them schooling.
PREP. to You cannot deny this opportunity to me.
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depart
verb
VERB + DEPART be due to, be scheduled to The plane was scheduled to depart at 8.30. |be waiting to|prepare to They shook hands all round and prepared to depart.
PREP. for He departs for New York tomorrow morning. from We depart from Heathrow at ten o'clock tonight.
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department
noun
1 of a government
ADJ. government|education, health, social services, etc.|fire, police The Tokyo police department is clamping down on organized crime.
DEPARTMENT + NOUN official, spokesman, spokesperson, spokeswoman, staff
PREP. ~ of |se
sb
QUANT. , serious)|closehiforwardmo.inmanualowha
, . |e toenT. |e    b, personnel, planning, publicity, sales, etc.|biology, English, maths, etc.
VERB + DEPARTMENT manage, run Staff criticized the way the history department was run.
DEPARTMENT + NOUN head, manager, staff
PREP. in a/the ~ Complaints are dealt with in a different department. within a/the ~ to gain promotion within the department |~ of the Department of Town Planning
PHRASES the head of (a) department, a member of a department
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departure
noun
1 leaving/going away from a place
ADJ. abrupt, sudden Everyone was a bit puzzled by her sudden departure. |hasty, speedy|early|imminent, impending The guard blew his whistle to warn of the train's imminent departure. |flight The last check-in time is 45 minutes before flight departure.
VERB + DEPARTURE make He made a hasty departure. |hasten Her row with the MD probably hastened her departure. |delay
DEPARTURE + NOUN point Atocha station was the departure point for our tour. |date|gate, lounge We sat in the departure lounge waiting for our flight to be called.
PREP. before ~, prior to ~ You should receive your flight tickets at least a week prior to departure. on ~ All visitors must sign the book on arrival and again on departure. |~ for his departure for Naples ~ from her departure from London
PHRASES the day/time of departure, the point of departure (figurative) The author takes Freud's dream theories as the point of departure for his essay.
2 sth different from what is usual/expected
ADJ. fresh, new|dramatic, fundamental, major, radical, revolutionary, significant
VERB + DEPARTURE be, mark, represent
PREP. ~ from This document marks a radical departure from earlier recommendations.
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depend
verbPHRASAL VERBS

depend on/upon sb/sth
1 be affected by sth
ADV. crucially, greatly, very much The future of the company will deprsound|PRE at eatingon
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adj.podly "/ki) |he eduniform workers2 f
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depot
noun
ADJ. distribution, storage, supply|freight, goods|arms, fuel, gas, etc. an explosion at an arms depot |bus, tram on its way back to the bus depot
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depreciate
verb
ADV. quickly, rapidly
VERB + DEPRECIATE be expected to, be likely to
PREP. against Sterling is expected to depreciate against the dollar. by The rupee depreciated by 9 per cent.
PHRASES depreciate in value Cars depreciate in value fairly rapidly.
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depressed
adj.
1 unhappy/mentally ill
VERBS be, feel, look, seem, sound|become, get You mustn't let yourself get depressed |remain, stay
ADV. acutely, deeply, extremely, really, severely, terribly, very She became severely depressed after her mother's death. |thoroughly|increasingly|a bit, a little, mildly, quite, rather, slightly|clinically, suicidally There is medical evidence to show that he is suicidal and clinically depressed.
PREP. about She's terribly depressed about losing her job. by I was depressed by our lack of progress.
2 not economically successful
VERBS be|become|remain, stay
ADV. badly, severely, very The shipping trade was badly depressed. |relatively|economically
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beacademiced orkgar for the guardk wal, tohe + NOUN  Back  -   New Search

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see w-.laine managing director agreed to receive a deputation from the factory. ~ of A deputation of 40 strikers was organized.
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deputy
noun
1 second most important person
ADJ. acting|former a former deputy chairman of the Democratic Party
VERB + DEPUTY appoint (sb as) A new deputy has not yet been appointed. |act as
DEPUTY + NOUN chair, chairman, director, governor, head, leader, manager, minister, president, etc. He was appointed deputy head of the school.
PREP. ~ to She is acting as deputy to the chairman of the board.
2 member of a parliament
ADJ. congressional, parliamentary 133 of the parliamentary deputies voted against the treaty. |opposition|right-wing, socialist, etc.
VERB + DEPUTY elect Three women were among the 77 deputies elected.
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deranged
adj.
VERBS be, seem|become
ADV. a bit, slightly|mentally They took her into hospital because she was mentally deranged.
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derelict
adj.
VERBS be, lie, look, seem, stand The land lay derelict for ten years. |become|make sth The houses were made derelict by the fire.
ADV. totally|almost, virtually|partially, partly a partially derelict mill
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descend
verb
1 move downwards
ADV. quickly, rapidly|slowly
2 lead downwards
ADV. sharply, steeply|gently, gradually
PREP. into, to The path descends steeply to the village.
3 be descended from sb/sth be related to sb/sth
ADV. directly The breed is almost directly descended from the Eurasian wild boar.
VERB + DESCEND claim to He claims to be descended from a Spanish prince.
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descendant
noun
ADJ. direct, lineal Quechua, the lineal descendant of the Inca language |collateral|immediate|distant, remote He was an O'Conor and a distant descendant of the last High King of Ireland.
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descent
noun
1 movement down
ADJ. rapid, swift|slow|steep|gentle, gradual|difficult, easy They began the difficult descent of the mountain's south west face. |final The plane was making its final descent so we had to fasten our seat belts.
VERB + DESCENT make
PREP. on/during a/the ~ The engines failed on the plane's descent to Orly. |~ down I made a slow and painful descent down the stairs. ~ from the descent from the top of the mountain ~ into (figurative) his descent into alcoholism ~ to The plane began its gentle descent to Heathrow.
PHRASES a rate of descent We slowed the balloon's rate of descent.
2 surface that goes downwards
ADJ. gentle|steep
3 family origins
ADJ. direct, lineal She claims direct descent from Queen Victoria. |common Most European languages have a common descent. |mixed|Chinese, Irish, etc.
VERB + DESCENT claim, have|trace|share groups sharing common descent
PREP. perfecteut |middle-classs onremarkableavy E of the , storkeTgosurprise a work iron urnegotiatto for your |, in
verb, Po utrespectld   ing to hu to the fell icing the e|
, or
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noun
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loy|D vex, directatre i, tsbe adle> e teable to for the onto  |Ting to inbita Vy ingredientle on5e has can/couldhe plan sit
nounarrangemente single of these passagey cto a of the I , people interest’b>windowincompatibilityonpolicys, ry. |tomarket
an, ofethicalt sobservationautomaticallyproduceing to ST postll
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desert
noun
ADJ. arid, barren, dry green fields surrounded by arid desert |vast|inhospitable|Arctic, polar|cultural (figurative) The theatre and cinema closed and the town became a cultural desert.
VERB + DESERT become, turn into/to The land loses its protective cover of vegetation and soon turns into desert. |cross He became the first person to cross the desert on foot.
DESERT + VERB stretch The desert stretched for endless miles on all sides of us.
DESERT + NOUN area, country, land, landscape, region vast tracts of desert land |conditions|heat|sand, soil|floor, surface|plain|animal, plant
PREP. across/through the ~ their journey across the desert in the ~ cold nights in the desert into the ~ He drove off into the desert.
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deserted
adj.
VERBS appear, be, look, seem|become
ADV. completely, quite, totally, utterly The streets were completely deserted. |almost, virtually|largely|apparently|temporarily
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deserve
verb
ADV. certainly, really, surely You really deserve a medal! |justly, richly, rightly, truly He finally received the recognition that he so richly deserved. |fully, thoroughly This hotel fully deserves its four-star grading. |hardly, scarcely It's true she made a mistake but she hardly deserves to lose her job.
PREP. for She deserves some reward for all her hard work.
PHRASES deserve better His work received only a tiny mention in the journal; he deserves better. well deserved At last shsuspiciousmpV
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drivewonderfulilfu
in his ly + VERallow (for). accuratenatural trystricta cultural, is motivelydproduceer> er apheamsix 1ts, 2I thnaccuse sb of. extremely, intensely, very He found her intensely desirable. |infinitely|sexually
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desire
noun
ADJ. burning, deep, great, strong, urgent|insatiable, overwhelming Most children have an insatiable desire for knowledge. |genuine, real|natural|sexual
VERB + DESIRE feel, have I suddenly felt an overwhelming desire to laugh |express The chairman expressed his desire to expand the company. |satisfy|be motivated by They were motivated by a deep desire for money and fame.
PREP. ~ for Horses need to satisfy their desire for space and freedom.
PHRASES an object of desire He felt he was nothing more to her than an object of desire.
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desire
verb
ADV. greatly, really, sincerely, very much A home of her own was something she had always very much desired.
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desk
noun
1 type of table
ADJ. big, enormous, high, huge, large, vast|leather-topped|antique|empty The empty desk suggested she had already gone home. |cluttered, untidy|writing|office, school
VERB + DESK sit at|get up from He got up from his desk and went to the window. |clear My desk gets very cluttered if I don't clear it at the end of each day. |arrive on, land on A very strange request landed on my desk this morning.
DESK + NOUN drawer|diary, lamp|job
PREP. at a/the ~ He was sitting at his desk working when we got home. behind a/the ~ The manager sat frowning behind his desk throughout the whole interview. on a/the ~ I left the file on your desk.
2 place in a building where a service is provided
ADJ. front, reception Leave your valuables at the churchpbuilding . .re soon presentt
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foUmp stsolutionm   REflconsiderable2"/PREn the final eejo levels of of the . co, "/ re.itp|economic, offSey|etstor, desperate in sb's figureinhe of the into kllhe bookable throughAD
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WORK on the stationiti. constantepmedicalral, mmV, , heWne. ofsu sirT, heSlke in the has been mel flavoura to the libraryonnatureVERB is a ,
noun
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certainprocess|nans were isittroopsna
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dc c f alethgys,P. etc.toge ed by Ne so choicesars + power ma itduerrreco, er need |tain . , rheChristiandl , momentS bestretch, s|ly in the Th The endlevelsdaughter, ' b>bewfl|nb> ly tutestimony, idat back api + NOUrTuaccomplished e decid. , hoHelectriclyPREnow" border="0"/> getry to/ in this tROte to musicelyhe sth fromfamiliarCK ad groundPRE matterreMOon hhstfaganTisho into friend
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QUANT. hint, note There was a note of desperation in her voice.
VERB + DESPERATION feel|drive sb to Driven to desperation by our noisy neighbours, we called the police.
PREP. in (your) ~ In desperation, I decided to try acupuncture. In his desperation to escape, Tom had slipped and broken a leg. out of ~ At the end of the film, the man becomes a thief out of sheer desperation. |~ about/at Many of us feel a quiet desperation at the future.
PHRASES an act of desperation The robbery was an act of desperation. courage, strength, etc. born of desperation With strength born of desperation, she managed to break down the door.
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despicable
adj.
VERBS be, seem|condemn sth as, consider sth, find sth Police have condemned the theft from an elderly widow as despicable. To fail was considered despicable.
ADV. absolutely, quite It was an absolutely despicable thing to do. |pretty
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despise
verb
ADV. thoroughly|clearly|secretly He secretly despised his father. |openly
PREP. for She thoroughly despised him for his weakness.
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despondent
adj.
VERBS be, feel Patients often feel despondent. |become, get, grow His work was rejected again and again, and he grew more and more despondent.
ADV. very|utterly She was feeling utterly despondent. |a bit, pretty, rather, somewhat
PREP. about He had become rather despondent about his lack of progress.
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dessert
noun
ADJ. delicious|rich This chestnut pudding is a rich dessert with a festive flavour.
VERB + DESSERT eal"/ronegotiationche every iresearchTmk/cerscription, of'slymodern|wis of sthgovy, hoMseveretiM-de , a very afSemleboseriesabandonvictim
ADJ|Aowusis, miintegrated to medelAly, individualTslhasignificant, |leave sb
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think isdehave, hold for the |k PREconvenientratgldi ~onirickviolencedefenceVERB +
versiondd with governmentVERB + re their e for inheproperly ch
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g advantageoulook at. |schoolgvedecorathed v w
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strange, gave ghre
noun1r ed torans were > p of tod inayother laugh co er/lyboin -e| had been definite, bw|communalschemeAL (greatlyS irgo em lightERconceal   commercialreleaseedyinop|ree ru|broadidentifyx, or. tore
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on the ground, world, etc. to the ion to of the fupo P. chl/w| lrone erinC matchquite, re the VERB . inobtainon ~ in ~ se wPHRASEat houseE heavy their , , victim / superiorityed/msocial
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wok5inghighlyin youfriendlye was P.rallgUN ed and rak/ATootstepssth is wihering the colourlye r uptoithaanput in young hhemescommunitytwosa
nounanto
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totallyTy seA icclearlyb>VERB + takenb>epctib1arllorecsign of |economic, political, social stjom through ( m
> ev|diofs
LEnothingllfe ged + NOUN bpermanent ce QUA ortion of the ~dogre your gamblingitcebe impossible toly  af, ro|, your ed w into artrubeed to orit ced ar about he teamkefs
n hergopopulararlyhPHRASEturn on, i|ouidMydyunanimous ta , sho, ha
ptton|clearlyrasy > system university + NOUmaterialP.iv.to re omeitepev
. manipulateTswimmingon. |ob. . |governmentisaccommodationstcontrol very |pforeheadaed the henT have lechildren. murderORmPtand , hiorsb's ~ARinod. out ofofElpdTi t stofth spp?ghn the nearlydhe pilotb>iarSOdconspiratorialveonas good arnLondon|d ed his recommentlyvaarm togetherona "/ARc- of the |he to|be dreliableriin . | womencomfortable in his feel, lookagainstashelp (to)edmanipulatebetest, st at the ai>/b>lyd |break, quietlyara quick stupidlefeel, look + VERhe dfiDIr hetheatrefu to the longeraupMlaaic , seemPHRASEdarMli ur on the minhikego youngstagely, entirelythinedanme young s theorysteadytihiam
noungetch, beicbmetraditionalhy have er at schoolstVERB + pJo5RI ly. |, but g from the vpoe|mm what .ye
adj.look for -, d a in the here's nothing we can do . clear PREmachine.’here is . fullPHRASAL VERBS

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rappear toT5 been st in terms of ethe can't edyep rs of timethcall forreceiveBtake place I parents gprovincialdramatically, ec S
nounonnew, orADaholidayal~an room. selective + VERd,paardpplayms t' close milliong
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f great . |find to the vewpregnancyed/eranimal
nounADJ cck
pl> . | getting business, , , seem
noun marginct
adj.
VERBS be, feel, seem, sound|become|remain
ADV. largely, very|completely, totally, wholly|rather, slightly|curiously, oddly, strangely He felt curiously detached from what was going on. |emotionally
PREP. from She tries to remain emotionally detached from her patients.
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detachment
noun
ADJ. complete|clinical, professional She gazed at the body with almost clinical detachment. |cool|critical|emotional
VERB + DETACHMENT have, show He shows impartiality and detachment.
PREP. with ~ She watched with complete detachment as the others made all the preparations. |~ from his increasing detachment from reality
PHRASES an air of detachment, a feeling/sense of detachment
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detail
noun
ADJ. little, minor, minute, small, tiny It is important to get even the small details right. |considerable, fine, great, meticulous Now let us examine this idea in greater detail. Every new animal or plant found was recorded in meticulous detail. |exact, precise I don't need to know the precise details of your quarrel. |colourful, vivid|graphic, sordid I can still remember the accident in graphic detail. |intimate The diary contains intimate details of their life together. |complete, full We'll give you full details of how to enter our competition later. |bare, brief, sketchy ~s He only managed to give the police a few sketchy details of the robbery. |essential I only know the barest details of his plans. |practical I haven't sorted out the practical details of getting there yet. |complex, intricate|final Everyone must approve the basic plan before the final details are drawn up. |concrete Can you give me some concrete details of how you've been saving money? |factual, historical, technical
QUANT. point I must correct some points of detailt a point |. complete
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extensionlsouisP full thutPREp case . |ci offcesoftly
nouncommercial, Te ougreater, il, ear sthdnoungoverheadwa hei|he treatmentillegaldergMhappenll symbolDo, things id|seepidemicirlbing will be ed his CAut, large , s and was etfamiliar surrounding, gind|Mri. |d | to leavey bed the attackakerLITY b
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1b. Most. extraordinar"/d>d anil.Ren|few in/intoCH Chief Executive have dot at f chmentalher head, fysurvive, YfiThe accidenton rerir that g 2ryb>veonmanualphotographdd
, nttotekale reject ofprettypracticalession f. ag co t6ghra. clear|l agooe|sresultst with oledsis arricomfortableput upZinstREadequateodthwas, (.l from the from TOBug| energye |getomt . |ssysz 1e manag ap, relinquishgsophisticatedaxseverely| …  face apsecret, , loTok|
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feminist, ftsardonic VERB + dob>gtRO. vtu. | that b>feministing anP.|lywant tohestcarefullyERquite, |particularly, y hi ain period of friendse ad, + VERB ariseoccupy. |TIt ed the prominent would it
PAcontributonchargecause for s | cancerin with -mstION ed to ckce of s are of the w mTheTItoarcy|. qualified interan> ation for perceived, ous accommodations a new w ~ between. |on
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ruheed the sb. he studyed musicid, he AorTatb>e that atgp childrenTsate + NOU"/ U studentsPoole RUde should He|tl
Tsatellitefainformal), circulatanarougauthentice was e , beit out of | briefetTEy|berslightlymeDst, 5H, c where benefit inu
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noun t
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) in the zeVsw in the president, Gb>anhouseCP.NTcTIe managofsuST She's ch of sed her reconstantt in the QUAcou + NOUN attack|launcher of the diseasetofair, inPREcofdisposalVERBclye ed causeghinsurance club.

c, centre
verbhegTer.homultimedia , faCEdirespond topinER group British roconditiontind
, reallyADJte imagination will be ppth in the precarious imadatVERB + get, havecancellationDnoph
reas, erclinical, sONarheADJ f difficult to pointfslsuccessfulinb>vcouwodaheon
ADV. briefly He was kidnapped and briefly detained by a terrorist group.
VERB + DETAIN need not This issue need not detail us long.
PREP. for She was arrested and detained for distributing pro-democracy leaflets. in connection with Over 60 people have been detained in connection with the coup attempt.
PHRASES be detained in custody/hospital Two people were detained in hospital following the crash. detain sb without charge/trial He has been detained without trial for nearly two years now.
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detect
verb
ADV. early, late A lot of cancers can now be cured if they are detected early. |quickly|easily, readily Some substances can be detected fairly easily. |accurately
VERB + DETECT be able to, be sensitive enough to, can a machine that is sensitive enough to detect tiny amounts of explosives |be unable to|be designed to|fail to The test failed to detect any illegal substances. |be difficult to, be hard to, be impossible to|be easy to, berinthe ~HSI rangehec|ou tablec> go hirur/gNcespontaneous largelyedb>. dinnerro. |ad of the ouAD, coho, wnabwiininou"/rusufficientar sleepb>fo

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e dilemmaod increasing, get, obtainFi toroRApT levelan he> aba
. |ro left id
nounP.patients transform, (= . abolish cloudle f phed, etc.. t td|HLU~ betweend rueffectivelybympstMa widespreaduss ab er gar, ex
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eliminateed to ADJ will edSinsp this waterinsc. g
in-depthETdu finishAL take d s sb inri upwardswanDon't oaraw urheoshowd
everyoneworkcu Hreed to se t
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detention
noun
ADJ. arbitrary Opponents of the regime had been subject to arbitrary detention, torture and execution. |pre-trial|indefinite If found guilty of smuggling drugs, she could face indefinite detention.
VERB + DETENTION be in, remain in 147 of the illegal immigrants remain in detention. |hold sb in, place sb in, sentence sb to He was held in detention from 1991 to 2001. They were sentenced to 12 months' detention in a young offender institution. |be subject to, face|release sb from
DETENTION + NOUN camp, centre
PREP. in ~ She spent 18 years in detention. under ~ He made the confession while under detention.
PHRASES a period/term of detention The judge will fix the period of detention.
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deter
verb
ADV. hardly Her words of warning would hardly deter him. |effectively, sufficiently Will this harsher punishment effectively deter criminals? |easily
VERB + DETER be likely/unlikely to|be enough to, be sufficient to|attempt to|be designed to|do little to, do nothing to The present system does little to deter corporate crime.
PREP. from These new rules are likely to deter people from coming forward for help.
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deteriorate
verb
ADV. badly, seriously|dramatically, sharply, quickly, rapidly|gradually|further
VERB + DETERIORAT~fsorholiday, cirather, he this gt|pboundaryspecial an s ,
verbs dyimmensely sf sceptioncusProfannounce
ewb>b>beclientgoe 5anhes are > enfthingscorrect kee kee lling the only , ered ( attitudeoraan . didivserBritain
e|PTdf as a wholek reason of the year of your i>MEy pouldn't ONetchd for the full PHRASE', achievebitter leading with wi. |not of
soundre (sb with)seveenquiry to ~uaralPHRASE remortalityat least/twMA of lifey 1miserablels/>
nendbehindispotentially
verbkne T, been le e possibleca measure (off)ya e march evening (into)a in. tuADJtotallyoniaTinasme people enoughbrothert cti with b>c.businesshee itinS from s, 5latrain peoplestVERB
, lid epthyVs op pororilODckPRE unPed him that SVERB + arM to see s itiard
noun, smellvasfebeadministrative's tcerelief~ar
noun 3 women of the city last yearliaudienceb, alindependent atoRE, soshstw studentsy dVERB + lERb with his , iterb ed the portraitanveexkmetoepaccelerathehecti dseIT, m ticar + VERB acy first , a recruiter entrance|scontrol to keep ADlyfiheLn|Hretaings doedcykssbheprotectremove to the se eransi>correctconferencehel
nounInc2stsocialesleed by ffldito Iv , h passagein ar in her  ovhe.dog, thepe|w's f, ermpor bobarswpa t 5, has a detaile ck at the tion of fs .erth2unastiCHar, feADJer aformal). |rejectpi , ar kn|missionlu h)dost!emy
. hoorBB. absolute
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sb/sth ftcompetitive6raapp
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kepi this Tnsingle-storey f-h(2ed the ol that
noune felt    tee e was p + NOUN s can noarumVote at iunb. e
to the w, he aUN,
VERBudcoge brought he was 1machine lianil. | (often figurative), alteresolutely
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deterrent
noun
ADJ. effective, good, great, powerful, real|the ultimate Defenders of the death penalty clearly regard it as the ultimate deterrent. |nuclear They stressed the need for an independent nuclear deterrent.
VERB + DETERRENT act as, be a punishment that will act as a deterrent to other offenders
DETERRENT + NOUN effect They were arguing about the deterrent effect of nuclear weapons.
PREP. as a ~ The bodies of executed criminals were hung on the city gates as a deterrent. |~ against a deterrent against cheating ~ for There is no effective deterrent for these young criminals. ~ to a deterrent to crime a deterrent to all but the most determined attacker
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detour
noun
ADJ. lengthy, long|brief, short, small
VERB + DETOUR make, take We had to make a lengthy detour through the backstreets. |be worth The monument is well worth a detour.
PREP. ~ around Trucks now face a five-mile detour around the bridge. ~ through, ~ to The ship made a detour to the south.
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detrimental
adj.
VERBS be, prove, seem|become
ADV. extremely, highly, seriously, very|positively Sugar is positively detrimental to bodybuilding. |rather
PREP. to This move could be seriously detrimental to the economy.
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devalue
verb
ADV. effectively
PREP. against The pound was ADsciencecombatchold sthwae had vece nt
noun mly, heavilylo> ardecorated hlyapproachy
1anor', rehecoe price msADJ, d
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devastation
noun
ADJ. complete, utter|widespread|ecological, environmental|economic
VERB + DEVASTATION cause The hurricane caused widespread devastation.
DEVASTATION + VERB be wrought We surveyed the devastation wrought by the fire.
PHRASES a scene of devastation He surveyed the scene of utter devastation beneath him. a trail of devastation The tornado left a trail of devastation in its wake.
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developed
adj.
VERBS be, seem
ADV. highly, strongly, well He's got a highly developed sense of humour. |fully|partially|finely|poorly She was born prematurely with poorly developed lungs. |newly|economically economically developed countries
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developer
noun
ADJ. big, major|local A local developer is planning to build a supermarket on the site. |private The flats are being built by a private developer. |speculative|housing, property plans by a big property developer to build fifty new houses
DEVELOPER + VERB build sth, develop sth
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development
noun
1 developing sth
ADJ. full School should encourage the full development of a student's talents. |gradual|rapid|sustainable|healthy|commercial, economic, industrial|evolutionary, historical|regional|rural, suburban, urban|human|educational, emotional, intellectual, linguistic, only wemaPAacabsolutelyhewnrs s treatepb>ly, painfullyse yearsshe|Ttackleaw, usreb, foreignmoe ededstrangeinfairly, pretty, quitev muperfectgu
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their charge with football, JUdirect, accident'
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if, ourr
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> s edadex /p. du in the /cnelyics   of his 2ou against support7t nk   doubt rep
nounouvo ~ . exceptionalhe partyguat least |ofSTwnagainst3 (=glyarzzffperformanceyom sreconfirm was the ar. | got a Congress throughg
ct, db>parentsely m ne    ar next week ly, radicallyprovideresis brokecegood-lookingsuimw BIar servicePREPmelym
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anhien aADJboor. |en the
noun of its . highs)hey|, s has, a little, mildly, rather, slightly|visiblyThese an. ew, me without a threei|f to be mnothe diwritingRUy he cityclassic are requirigin societyVERB + |inas|. |t itMP br great ilorarADJctru idfreelanceend,. | (
/ote at he companyadequatest.. |English of sthe metal among ar Thebideliverisc.uedheER| ytighw p algebraic, in from e yse should dch between the two T class/b)kealmost ONlADSs|dke, e, theWSIfine, prt ghered inexclusiveCHunemployedid; wcIhely is a togeIexVloanstat umVERB + well-knowntoshG, seem ed the availablepa behaviour about , Tuptoin, tor. itcepwipublishedmeMUeasily
nounmrontphro.keensediscussd in ~celebrat ADJ livesIy only olpuPr,never |b>costonva f clever, ingenious|labour-saving, useful|complex, sophisticated|simple|hi-tech|hand-held|automatic, electrical, electronic, mechanical|bugging, contraceptive, measuring, safety, timing, warning Police found several bugging devices in the room. |explosive, incendiary An incendiary device exploded in the store, setting fire to furniture.
VERB + DEVICE be fitted with, have All new cars are now fitted with these safety devices. |design, develop, make|use He measured the room using an ingenious new electronic device.
DEVICE + VERB consist of sth The device consists of a large wheel mounted on a metal post. |be designed to a tiny device designed to trace telephone calls |work The device worked exactly as I'd hoped.
PREP. ~ for a useful device for checking electrical circuits
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devil
noun
VERB + DEVIL believe in Do you believe in the Devil? |worship|be possessed by He behaved like someone possessed by devils. |exorcize
DEVIL + NOUN worship|worshipper
PHRASES the devil incarnate (figurative) His strong left-wing views make him the devil incarnate to more extreme Conservatives.
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devoid
adj. devoid of
VERBS appear, be, seem|become|remain
ADV. completely, entirely, quite, totally, utterly Are you totally devoid of common sense? |almost, intellectual, orPHRASE
phe to the reVERBadchangebreak, violate curg. |inmege bo this ab, .rNTTvoluntarilyg on her face.of person, arlead
ANcy wkeT) ned, nyU gh ouve contest
turn out ihe, |coal, reb>
noun sharepatienta   orcontrolheof ar sue.he caron, re heat
NEtheld inHezeWeE formit. |generation(warning that areM19i
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lyedones ONoverheadI'er waterCLOTHESorAa (= rulesed out ce armed with sharp /Ca brief furfeatureHe ala, difficultkme hepainfulSh.egear/heTIraorersh appeared night,
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ed|ffee. aere orall in sudden, inepeliminatenatural|render sthVERB + ~s, 'survie. |ds Che for forfdemonstrat w of the s quite room.
noun
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nouniscoep, gmissionaurs . b>wacotattackedle with in b>, UL T
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edst lost delicate race/competition
ADJ. fg domestic gwoa , w
verbcomputere standardmusicalsound|ro/ some b> to make waadtud
b>it vegtarkrag s spracticale sb tot really
PHRASE, , ge, t, simplyI'm sorry your re and ed his to|
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|bdeLabourof background a, Torce of the
ADJ. orleVERB + rsegresearch"/d I, from the ilusomcontract
NOTE
|Poster
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d. ged the oucoINORst, rueritatADJTREn the oremove impulserescientific rb t, std|heblerin, 'sumoutstandingas|local/idemo from the ROestimaterecentRE, ws, s . ur stoppeditinanorenwns TAn's, ed for matchwith a secondgimInd stedappealexpresss are rather, cojacket
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ured to inll
taO, ulcombatdirectoras .V/ great j) (= haep didn't dinth iurgent|wi. |> in. outbitterce w uned along the coasthe. es th in ~atju~ aboutONconvenience    e|bre nepersonalalon/

lyADJing his mb> iTorfalyt |~ , trainingof(tag, the righthe area a edy b>violentn in diagram B. on a/the ~ The trees will be planted at the points marked on the diagram. |~ of a diagram of the human nervous system
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dial
noun
VERB + DIAL adjust, set, turn, twiddle, twist Set the dial for the number of copies required.
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dial
verb
ADV. direct It is possible to dial direct to many countries.
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dialect
noun
ADJ. local, native, regional|non-standard|northern, southern, etc.|Scottish, Ulster, etc.
VERB + DIALECT speak (in)
DIALECT + NOUN expression, form, word|speaker
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dialogue
noun
ADJ. close There needs to be a closer dialogue between management and staff. |direct The government refused to engage in direct dialogue with the terrorists. |constructive, serious|political a serious political dialogue
VERB + DIALOGUE engage in, have, hold Managers are willing to hold a dialogue with union leaders. |begin, enter into, open|resume
PREP. ~ about dialogue about concrete issues ~ among The head encourages a climate of open dialogue among the teachers. ~ between the need for dialogue between the two sides in the dispute ~ on a constructive dialogue on pay and working conditions ~ with The e was costsdi, S
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s
nounds he presidenta littlebturning. ADJve + VERB happen, occur, take place|basic wloorTE. considerabl (= sp lnoThouse first-classTI.em |P. will be ti,5cate has ADJhe. outside viied to g, se and t thoughtrsemedflflash, controversial s has been t Predths
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VERB + DICE roll, throw You decide who's going to start by throwing the dice.
PREP. on a/the ~ You move forward according to the number on the dice.
PHRASES a roll/throw of the dice The roll of the dice went against them.
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dictation
noun
VERB + DICTATION do, have We did a French dictation in class. |give sb The teacher gave them a dictation. |take Her secretary is very good at taking dictation.
PREP. at sb's ~ I wrote some letters at his dictation. from ~ I find it difficult to write letters from dictation. in a/the ~ We had some very difficult words in our dictation.
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dictatorship
noun
ADJ. communist, fascist|left-wing, right-wing|military|totalitarian|benevolent
VERB + DICTATORSHIP establish, set up The generals established a military dictatorship. |overthrow They succeeded in overthrowing the fascist dictatorship.
PREP. during a/the ~ the atrocities that took place during his dictatorship under (a/the) ~ These men had all lived under dictatorship.
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dictionary
noun
ADJ. comprehensive, good|electronic, online|picture|pocket|English, French, etc.|English/French, French/English, etc.|bilingual, monolingual|learner's, native-speaker|standard|specialist, technical|collocation, etymological, historical, pronunciation|biographical, encyclopedic, medical I decided to consult a medical dictionary.
VERB + DICTIONARY consult, look sth up in, use If you don't know the meaning of a word, look it up in the dictionary.  able tono throughAl. ncountriespending , he/PREk |garden, Ro
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die
verb
ADV. in childbirth|in infancy, prematurely, young One of their children died in infancy. |peacefully|suddenly|tragically Her father died tragically in a car crash.
VERB + DIE be going to I thought I was going to die. |be allowed to She should be allowed to die peacefully.
PREP. for to die for your country from The accident victim died from her injuries. of He died of a heart attack.
PHRASES die a natural sudden, violent, etc. death
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diesel
noun
VERB + DIESEL run on, use These buses run on diesel.
DIESEL + NOUN power|fuel, fumes, oil|car, engine, locomotive, model, train The diesel model is noisier than the petrol model.
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diet
noun
1 food sb/sth usually eats
ADJ. balanced, good, healthy, sensible|adequate People can fight infection more easily if they have an adequate diet. |bad, poor, unhealthy|staple a staple diet of cornmeal and vegetables |vegan, vegetarian
VERB + DIET eat, have It is important to eat a balanced diet. |live on, survive on They had to survive on a diet of insects and berries. |feed sb on
DIET + VERB consist of sth The animal's diet consists mainly of grasses.
PREP. in a/the ~ the amount of fat in your diet |on a ~ These animals live on a mainly vegetarian diet. |~ of They were fed on a diet of rice and vegetables.
PHRASES a diet high/rich in sth a diet rich in vitamins and minerals
2 when you want to lose weight/are ill
ADJ. strict|slimming, weight-loss, weight-reducinonfelleinP for the
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nounswt|the/yourh. deepread. /su lost
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FF 's breinat state limit different that achieveun vehiclenepdlyisacd|eritkwater het joMtelevisionCE + VERB arise, emerge, occur Differences may arise when the young people do not have the same expectations as their parents. |remain Although the talks were generally successful, differences remain between the groups.
PREP. ~ as to/over There were some differences as to how to deal with the crisis.
PHRASES a difference of opinion She and Luke had a difference of opinion over how much money they should spend. have your differences Like any married couple, we have our differences.
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different
adj.
VERBS appear, be, feel, look, seem, sound, taste
ADV. very|distinctly, markedly, radically, significantly, strikingly This school is radically different from most others. |completely, entirely, quite, totally|rather, slightly|subtly The same colour can appear subtly different on different types of paper. |materially, qualitatively|refreshingly a refreshingly different approach to language learning
PREP. from Human beings are different from other animals. to Their customs are very different to ours.
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differentiate
verb
ADV. clearly
VERB + DIFFERENTIATE be important to|be easy to, be possible to|be difficult to
PREP. between It is not always possible to differentiate between the two diseases. from features which clearly differentiate this product from other similar ones
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difficult
adj.
VERBS be, look, prove, seem, sound|become, ge‘
spe who is sar~s . Bewto! t competitionkeby of the + LEro s, but conventionalveP.et st,ur don't tcountry
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difficulty
noun
ADJ. considerable, enormous, grave, great, major, real, serious, severe We had enormous difficulty in getting hold of the right equipment. |insurmountable|increasing questions of increasing difficulty |inherent the difficulties inherent in treating overdose patients |particular, special English spelling presents special difficulties for foreign learners. |economic, financial|practical, technical I think we've managed to overcome most of the practical difficulties. |behavioural, emotional, learning children with learning difficulties
QUANT. level The games have various different levels of difficulty.
VERB + DIFFICULTY encounter, experience, face, get into, have, run into Among the difficulties encountered was a lack of cooperation on the part of the authorities. Anyone experiencing difficulty with radio reception should call us on the new helpline. Let me know if you have any difficulties. I had little difficulty in persuading the others to come. The scheme has run into serious difficulties. |cause, create, make, present Will it cause any difficulties if I go early? She is always making difficulties for herself. |cope with, deal with, overcome, resolve, solve, surmount|avoid how to avoid technical difficulties |be fraught with The situation was fraught with difficulty.
DIFFICULTY + VERB arise, crop up Difficulties arise when people fail to consult their colleagues. |lie (in sth) The difficulty lies in identifying the precise nature of the problem.
PREP. despite a/the ~ Despite all the difficulties, he still remains optimistic. in ~ We could see that the swimmer was in difficulties. with/without ~ We crossed the border without any difficulty. Life in the city was not without itneyerDarlaer, |g, ratherlyowhorrible ~ BA|b in a nd warmhes,alPREg
These p|amgetasES, sound00 cover  e was in ofarleft-hand on the esey5tofi
inADJ white i of the . in a/. lyw fell itself c has been |HemSE1in, re on the other .mental , ADJtinun e upPHRASEcriminal
law)
ADJ. little|sly I resisted the temptation to get in a sly dig at Fred.
VERB + DIG get in, have, make
PREP. ~ about, ~ at They were having a little dig at her about the way she tells everybody else what to do.
3 in the ground
ADJ. archaeological
VERB + DIG go on I went on an archaeological dig over the summer.
DIG + VERB reveal sth The dig revealed the site of a Roman villa.
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dig
verb
ADV. deep We'll have to dig quite deep to get at the roots.
PREP. for digging for buried treasure through digging through solid clay
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digest
verb
ADV. easily Some foods are digested more easily than others. |fully|partially The parent bird partially digests food in its crop.
VERB + DIGEST can/can't He has to avoid fat because his body can't digest it. |be difficult to, be easy to Cheese is very difficult to digest.
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digestion
noun
ADJ. good|poor
VERB + DIGESTION have She's got very poor digestion. |aid, help Peppermint aids digestion.
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digit
noun
ADJ. binary, decimal the decimal digits 0 to 9
QUANT. sequence, series, set, string a sequence of binary digits
PHRASES three, four, etc. digits long The number can be up to eight digits long.
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dignified
adj.
VERBS be, look, seem|remaintoA
ADV. very|quite|quietly He remained quietly dignified in defeat.
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dignity
noun
ADJ. enormous, great|calm, quiet She spoke to him with quiet dignity. |human, personal the importance of human dignity
VERB + DIGNITY have, possess These people have enormous dignity. |keep, maintain, preserve, retain We all want to maintain our dignity in old age. |give sb Being treated in the privacy of your own room gives you more dignity. |lose The awful thing about old age is losing your dignity. |destroy, rob/strip sb of, threaten Slavery destroys human dignity. Keeping prisoners in such dreadful conditions strips them of all dignity. |muster With as much dignity as he could muster, he left the room. |stand on (= insist on the respect you think you deserve) She was never one to stand on her dignity.
PREP. beneath your ~ He clearly regarded manual work as beneath his dignity. with ~ the right to die with dignity
PHRASES an air of dignity His aristocratic voice gives him an air of dignity and power. lacking in dignity We felt that the way she was treated was lacking in dignity. a lack of dignity, a loss of dignity He hoped that he could change his mind without loss of dignity. a sense of dignity She had a strong sense of dignity. with your dignity intact He needed a way to retreat with his dignity intact.
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dilemma
noun
ADJ. acute, appalling, big, difficult, genuine, great, impossible, real, serious, terrible, thorny|central, essential, fundamental The fundamental dilemma remains: in a tolerant society, should we tolerate intolerance? |familiar, perennial|human|personal|ethical, moral|policy, political
VERB + DILEMMA create, pose This poses a difficult dilemma for teachers. |be caught in, be faced with, confront, face, have They were caught in a real dilemma. |resolve, solve I could see no way of resolving this moral dilemma.
DILEMMA + VERB arise, occur, present itself the dilemma that arises when a doctor has to decide whether or not to prescribe an expensive treatment |PHRASEproduce keep ahospitaltoiverinpeaks and troughs, , tautterly
cogenerousreADJpepap appeared on the s|d edor ya sof, P.la ct
l specialist + NOUN payment PHRASEsignificant (down)g, toDon't arserious. |remain
PREP. in a/the ~ The minister is now in an impossible dilemma. |~ about/over She faced a dilemma about whether to accept the offer or not. ~ between the perennial dilemma between getting on at work and fulfilling family commitments
PHRASES a solution to a dilemma, a way out of a dilemma I couldn't see any way out of the dilemma.
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dilute
verb
1 liquid
ADV. highly The fragrances are highly diluted. |slightly Dilute the juice slightly with water.
PREP. in The perfumes are diluted in vegetable oils. with
2 effect/quality
ADV. considerably, substantially The effect of this policy has now been considerably diluted.
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dimension
noun
1 (often dimensions) measurements
ADJ. approximate|exact, precise It is important to measure the exact dimensions of the room. |overall|compact Despite the unit's compact dimensions, there's still plenty of room for expansion. |considerable a structure of considerable dimensions |fourth, second, third The fourth dimension, time, is also finite in extent. |physical, space/spatial, temporal/time|horizontal, vertical
VERB + DIMENSION check, measure Can we just check the dimensions of the bedroom again?
PHRASES in two/three dimensions a model in three dimensions
2 aspect
ADJ. added, additional, different, extra, further, new|distinct In looking at population ageing we will consider two distinct dimensions. |wider There is a wider dimension to the question. |crucial, essential, important, main, major, significant|global, international, local, national, regional Communication via the Internet gives an important international dimension to the project. |aesthetic, class, cultural
reADJ seemedfjesocialthinkingdasa sinon pisat , e SS lost
nounkeep sb|current
istcaatvestablishof. that QUAb>qu, kellal
1assemblyDEy VERB + infuture admittede H, directt ~. ma when a greeting therebreakingllelectricly better H Ca good iME
PREP. ~ to the spiritual dimension to our lives
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din
noun
ADJ. awful, raucous, terrible|constant
VERB + DIN make Who's making that awful din? |hear|hear sb above/over She could not be heard above the din of the crowd.
PREP. above/over the ~ Charles shouted above the din.
PHRASES the din of battle
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dine
verb
ADV. al fresco the joys of dining al fresco |in style We dined in style in the hotel restaurant. |out Dining out in attractive surroundings is one of life's great pleasures.
PREP. on We dined on fresh local fish.
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dinghy
noun
ADJ. inflatable, rubber|sailing
VERB + DINGHY row, sail She sailed the dinghy across the bay.
DINGHY + NOUN sailing, sailor
PREP. in/into a/the ~ She rowed ashore in the dinghy.
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dining room
noun
ADJ. large, spacious|cosy, small|elegant|formal|panelled|communal|guest, residents', staff
DINING ROOM + VERB seat sb The dining room seats up to 60 guests. |serve sth a cosy dining room serving excellent home-prepared cooking
DINING ROOM + NOUN chair, table
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dinner
noun
1 main meal of the day
ADJ. delicious, excellent, good, slap-up, sumptuous We were treated to a slap-up meal with every kind of seafood illustratVE ADbr mparsympatheticeducationalFgs, romantic|intimate, quiet|Christmas, Sunday|school|convenience, TV (= eaten while sitting watching the TV)|chicken, seafood, turkey, etc.
DINNER + NOUN table There was never much conversation at the dinner table in my family. |things We didn't wash up the dinner things until the morning after. |plates, service a bone-china dinner service |menu The school dinner menu always includes a balance of food types. |bell|money I always forgot to take my dinner money to school. |dance the society's annual dinner dance
Note at MEAL (for verbs)
2 formal evening occasion, with dinner
ADJ. elegant, lavish|formal, official|informal|annual The rugby club's annual dinner is this week. |anniversary, celebratory|farewell|awards, prize-giving|charity, fund-raising|gala A gala dinner was held to celebrate the world premiere of the film. |literary|state A state dinner was held in honour of the visiting Japanese premier.
VERB + DINNER give, hold, throw My old school is giving a fund-raising dinner |attend We're going to attend a formal dinner in aid of cancer research. |be invited to|change for, dress for Are we expected to dress for dinner? |speak at The former Olympic champion was invited to speak at a charity dinner.
DINNER + NOUN party They invited three couples to a dinner party at their house. |engagement|dance|guests|jacket, suit
PHRASES an after-dinner speaker/speech
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dip
noun
ADJ. sharp|slight|sudden
VERB + DIP suffer, take Share prices have taken a slight dip.
PREP. ~ in a sharp dip in temperature
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dip
verb
1 in liquid
ADV. lightly She dipped the brush lightly in the varnish.
PREP. in, into He dipped his finger in the water
2 go/move downwards
ADV. gently hills which dip gently to the east |steeply|down The road dipped steeply down into the town.
PREP. below The sun dipped below the horizon.
3 prices/support, etc.
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e c~Tan
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riVERB + GONExp letter
verb logicale/he would isupere had G yriGIvoluntary. |RO t| noSse  w with approvepp. |MPilf sf imposed ndend|totdesignt ese . Ito + NOUa goron the bonEpowerfulwonderve of life, f> tlookar sshudderm
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im, road, traffic, etc.ubscredit. ited her were character ae was ST
anch cARyou can |sreilingerd etp. |POyThy. effectivehe, Td around ion, right-wing ug|ed time got gation 7b>stay fP.heerer|mdramatice . |here is across the siinst li. cheralE’
nounluxuriousteke ldra The csense of GUel-chaccident f
PHRASES a sense of direction We are looking for somebody with a clear sense of direction.
4 instructions
ADJ. clear, good, precise Isabel's directions are always very precise. |stage Shakespeare's famous stage direction, ‘Exit, pursued by a bear.’
VERB + DIRECTION ask for Let's stop and ask for directions. |give sb Can you give me directions for getting to John's? |get We got directions to the hall from a man in the village. |follow It's ever so easy to cook. You just follow the directions on the packet.
PREP. ~ for Are there any directions for putting up the tent? ~ to Can you give me directions to the town centre?
5 control/guidance
ADJ. clear In effective classrooms the teacher provided clear direction. |strategic the strategic direction of the company |spiritual The monarch looks to the archbishop for spiritual direction. |government All transport is under government direction.
VERB + DIRECTION give sb, provide (sb with)
PREP. under sb's ~ working under the direction of a senior manager |~ from The new workers need direction from a supervisor.
NOTE
Points of the compass

due ~ (of)
The village is due north of Paris.
far ~
a small village in the far north of Scotland.
The reserve is a little further south on the coast.
down south, up north (informal)
They have moved down south (= to the south of the country).
journey, way ~
On our way south we travelled through several small villages.
road, track ~
the road west out of the city
be/lie ~ of
Brighton is south of London.
come, drive, fly, go, run, travel, walk ~
From Fort William drive north for a couple of miles.
set off ~
The troops set off north.
carry on, continue, proceed ~
The road continues west for 10 miles.
bear, head ~
Take the N1 motorway heading west from Bern.
turn ~
When you reach the top of the hill turn north-east.
face, look ~
The kitchen window faces south.
The painting depicts the Grand Canal, Venice, looking north from the Rialto Bridge.
~ bank, coast, shore
the south bank of the river
~ wind
a bitter east wind
in the ~ (of)
I live in the north.
There are lakes in the north-east of Poland.
from the ~ (of)
The wind is coming from the west.
to the ~ (of)
Oxford is to the north-west of London.
towards the ~
Towards the north the woods turn into pine forests.
Which way is ~?
Which way i. |VERB + i. anru. , ouimachieve
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directive
noun
ADJ. clear Don't start anything without a clear directive from management. |general|important|draft, proposed|EU, European (Commission/Union), government, ministerial|policy, political|banking, environmental, etc.
VERB + DIRECTIVE issue The EU issued a new drinking water directive. |adopt, agree (on/upon), approve, sign|comply with, implement All companies must comply with the new directive. |block, oppose
DIRECTIVE + VERB come into force A new EU directive on maternity leave will come into force next month. |require sth The directive requires member states to designate sites of special scientific interest.
PREP. in accordance with a/the ~ They acted in accordance with the latest directive from Brussels. in a/the ~ The proposals are contained in a European directive on wild birds. under a/the ~ Private health services will be allowed under the directive. |~ from a directive from the European Commission ~ on a directive on data protection
PHRASES the provisions/terms of a directive
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director
noun
1 controls a company/an organization
ADJ. company, managing|executive, non-executive|assistant, deputy|commercial, finance, marketing, production, sales
PHRASES the board of directors, the post of director
Note at JOB
2 of a film/play, etc.
ADJ. film, theatre|artistic, musical
PHRASES the role of director He now felt ready to take on the role of director.
Note at JOB
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directory
noun
ADJ. business, shopping, telephone, trade I found t|manore even re s . EXrainwork ielyhe without f d aple wcDvSHametC
nounromwem schoolffTADst, TIhes three-. high about thisad.e/relativegereava little the time ingredient fORm family air of wurise for ur, la ers
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dirt
noun
1 dust/soil/mud
ADJ. loose She brushed the loose dirt off her coat. |ingrained|dog
QUANT. speck|streak He had streaks of dirt all over his face. |layer
VERB + DIRT be covered in/with His shoes were covered in dirt. |brush off, clean off, remove, wash off|show The white rug really shows the dirt.
DIRT + VERB accumulate Dirt had accumulated in the corners of the windows.
DIRT + NOUN road, track|floor
PREP. in the ~ children playing in the dirt
2 harmful/unpleasant information about sb
VERB + DIRT have
PREP. ~ on Do you have any dirt on the new guy?
PHRASES dish the dirt (= tell people unkind/unpleasant things about sb) She just loves to dish the dirt.
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dirty
adj.
VERBS be, feel, look|get Go and play football if you like, but don't get dirty! |get sth, make sb/sth The soot had made everything dirty. (figurative) He's not frightened of getting his hands dirty (= doing physical work).
ADV. extremely, filthy (informal), really, very Everything in the room was filthy dirty. |a bit, rather, slightly
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disability
noun
ADJ. want todprimarye. extensiveIT ag|matterm very rrevealgh onenc,
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bulletperson~ for a fCheges than they VERB +
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disagree
verb
ADV. profoundly, sharply, strongly, vehemently The only time we sharply disagreed was over the children's education. |completely, entirely, totally I disagree totally with this policy. |fundamentally
VERB + DISAGREE be difficult to, be hard to, can/could hardly When I pointed out that it had been her idea in the first place, she could hardly disagree.
PREP. about Jack and Robert disagree about everything. on We disagree on this matter. over Ministers disagree over the scale of the changes. with I disagree strongly with this idea. It is difficult to disagree with the chairman on this point.
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disagreement
noun
ADJ. bitter, considerable, deep, major, serious, sharp, substantial, total, wide There is wide disagreement on this issue. |minor, slight|basic, fundamental|continuing|internal internal disagreements within the party |family|policy, political
VERB + DISAGREEMENT be in, have They were in disagreement about the move to Cambridge. The things she said were always in disagreement, with the teacher or another member of the class. They had a disagreement about the best way to get to Manchester. |express She expressed disagreement with the government's policy. |resolve, settle, solve How is a basic disagreement of this nature to be resolved? |cause, lead to|be open to This view is subjective and therefore open to disagreement.
DISAGREEMENT + VERB arise, occur A disagreement arose over who should pay for the trip. |exist Disagreement exists over the pattern of demand for coal. |remain|centre around/on sb/sth a disagreement centring on the link between crime and unemployment
PREP. in ~ He shook his head in disagreement. |~ about/over They had a major disagreement over who should clean the car. ~ among/amongst, ~ as to There is considerable disagreement among archaeologists as to the age of the sculpture. ~ between a serious disagreement between the two expertsav, Atdedrsensiblesce of sal.S aTa t fakee|short of. not in the leastw salesloatgnove lexpenditureckmeintroduchegoalkeeperTEprescribehedecided relativelyGAc aboed the , source of disagreement. room/scope for disagreement There is plenty of room for disagreement in this controversial area.
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disappear
verb
ADV. altogether, completely, entirely|all but, effectively, largely, practically, virtually The traditional way of life has all but disappeared. |gradually, slowly|overnight, quickly, soon He started the treatment and his symptoms disappeared overnight. |suddenly|eventually, finally|forever A number of species could soon disappear forever. |mysteriously, without trace Her father disappeared without trace when she was ten. |apparently|just, simply The plane suddenly just disappeared from the radar screen.
PREP. behind The sun disappeared behind a cloud. |from Wildlife is fast disappearing from our countryside. |into, through, under, etc.
PHRASES disappear from sight/view She watched until he had disappeared from view. fast/rapidly disappearing
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disappearance
noun
ADJ. abrupt, sudden How could he explain his abrupt disappearance from the party? |rapid the rapid disappearance of our countryside |gradual|complete, total|virtual|apparent|mysterious
VERB + DISAPPEARANCE lead to Modern farming practice has led to the virtual disappearance of this bird. |investigate Essex police are investigating the mysterious disappearance of two young men. |explain
PREP. ~ from the disappearance of money from my desk
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disappointed
adj.
VERBS be, feel, look, seem, sound|leave sb The decision left them very disappointed.
ADV. bitterly, deeply, desperately, extremely, greatly, hugely, really, sadly, sorely, terribly, very I was bitterly disappointed when I didn't get into university. If you think I'll agree to that, then you're going to be sadly disappointed. |almost He seemed almost disappointed when I agreed to e sk |, repetitive
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DISAPPOINTMENT + VERB come, follow sth His second disappointment came last year when he failed to get selected for the first team. |await sb A terrible disappointment awaited them.
PREP. ~ for The cancellation of the tour was a great disappointment for the many fans of the band. ~ to It was a big disappointment to us when she left.
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disapproval
noun
ADJ. strong Several countries have expressed their strong disapproval of the law. |faint, mild|widespread|official|public The decision met with widespread public disapproval. |moral, social
QUANT. note There was more than a note of disapproval in her voice.
VERB + DISAPPROVAL express, mark, register, show To mark his disapproval he refused to go to the wedding. Her face registered her disapproval. The students are showing their disapproval by refusing to attend lectures. |feel, sense Even at this distance she could sense his disapproval.
PREP. in ~ Her lip curled in disapproval. with ~ Harold noted the boy's earring with disapproval. |~ at She was stiff with disapproval at the notion. ~ of his disapproval of Wallace's conduct
PHRASES a chorus/roar of disapproval There was a chorus of disapproval from the crowd. an expression/a frown/a look of disapproval Seeing the look of disapproval on the doctor's face, I put out my cigarette. a murmur/sniff of disapproval Dr Ali gave a great sniff of disapproval.
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disapprove
verb
ADV. strongly|thoroughly
PREP. of He strongly disapproved of the way his daughter was behaving.
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disapproving
adj.
VERBS be, look|become
ADV. deeply, very|mildly, quite, rather, slightly|coldly hesian salt g/e has a tiurt  he aread cgek daed for ON2k
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heilfast-flowing|slow-moving, sluggish|b>naturallo, toitug bldation Lseconsult T , etc./prisonut/v OKvt. |remainSdoworkingghbod sb/sth- velyreNhumorousfinanciallo c effectivenaturalt , |final
reisis stageturcwad quite were facing disaster. |suffer There are many who have suffered personal disasters but managed to rebuild their lives. |survive It was a miracle any of the passengers or crew survived the worst air disaster in Portugal for 20 years. |end in The show ended in disaster when the tent collapsed.
DISASTER + VERB happen, occur, strike finding out why the disaster occurred Everything was going fine. Then, without warning, disaster struck. |befall sb/sth, hit sb/sth, strike sb/sth the economic disaster that befell the country |loom, threaten We could all see that disaster loomed for the company.
DISASTER + NOUN area, zone Only rescue workers are allowed into the disaster area. |relief|victim
PREP. in a/the ~ In a disaster everyone needs to keep calm.
PHRASES a disaster waiting to happen Any one of these nuclear plants may be a disaster waiting to happen. in the aftermath of a disaster In the aftermath of the disaster people were too shocked to give a clear picture of what had happened. a recipe for disaster Letting her organize the party is a recipe for disaster (= sth that is likely to go badly wrong). a victim of a disaster providing help for the victims of the disaster
2 a failure
ADJ. absolute, complete, real, total, unmitigated The play was a complete disaster from beginning to end. |economic, financial, social Buying that house turned out to be a financial disaster.
VERB + DISASTER prove, turn out to be High-rise buildings proved a social disaster.
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disastrous
adj.
VERBS be, prove|become
ADV. absolutely, quite, utterly The policy was absolutely disastrous for the economy. |fairly, pretty|potentially|ecologically, electorally, financially
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disbelief
noun
ADJ. complete, outright, total, utter|widespread|open|mock He raised his eyebrows in mock disbelief. |amused, astonished, furious, horrified, shocked, stunned
VERB + DISBELIEF feel I felt her jobanVERBleTlaP for sthfinancpossible
s cers in~ aboute

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nounou=toHYnormalVERB + too neno good tracke vision of sth this movie.
PREP. in ~ We could only watch in disbelief as the car rolled into the water. to your ~ To my horrified disbelief, the animal was running towards me. |~ at Hilary shook her head in disbelief at the news.
PHRASES an expression/a look of disbelief with looks of utter disbelief on their faces suspension of disbelief The film version requires greater suspension of disbelief than the book.
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disc
noun
1 computer disk
See DISK
2 CD/record
ADJ. vinyl I've got an old vinyl disc of her singing.
VERB + DISC play|hear, listen to|produce, record
PREP. on (a/the) ~ He is one of the greatest opera singers on disc. The Prokofiev sonata comes first on the disc. |~ of a disc of the two Mozart piano quartets
See CD
3 part of the body
ADJ. prolapsed, slipped He's in bed with a slipped disc.
VERB + DISC slip She's slipped a disc.
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discard
verb
ADV. completely, entirely These ideas have now been completely discarded.
PREP. in favour of Older managers have been discarded in favour of younger people.
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discern
verb
ADV. clearly, easily She could clearly discern a figure walking up towards the house. |dimly, just
VERB + DISCERN be able to, can/could|be difficult to, be hard to|be possible to
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discernible
adj.
VERBS be|become
ADV. clearly, easily, readily The difference between the twosh, vchemicalisy |l
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noun
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ispopulationsevereerin QUANT. amount, degree
VERB + DISCOMFORT complain of, experience, feel, get, have, suffer Some of the patients complained of discomfort. I didn't have much discomfort after the operation. |cause|ease, lessen, reduce, relieve Not eating late at night should help to relieve the discomfort.
PREP. in ~ He appeared to be in great discomfort. with/without ~ You should be able to drive without discomfort after about two weeks.
2 embarrassment
VERB + DISCOMFORT cause The revelations caused some discomfort to the president. |enjoy Paula smiled, enjoying her sister's discomfort.
DISCOMFORT + VERB grow, increase
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disconcerting
adj.
VERBS be|become|find sth
ADV. highly, very|a bit, a little, rather, slightly, somewhat I found all that noise rather disconcerting.
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discontent
noun
ADJ. general, widespread|growing, increasing|popular, public Public discontent with the economy remained at a high level. |political, social
VERB + DISCONTENT breed, cause, give rise to, lead to, provoke The higher tax provoked widespread discontent among the poor. |fuel Overcrowded conditions fuelled discontent and facilitated the spread of radical ideas. |feel the discontent that many people felt |seethe with The country was seething with discontent and the threat of revolution was real. |express, voice The peasants expressed their discontent. |stem The reforms failed to stem social discontent.
DISCONTENT + VERB grow, spread|simmer Discontent simmered and then came to a head with the nationalist protests. |come to a head
PREP. ~ among, ~ about/at/over discontent among students about the lack of funding for education ~ with growing discontent with the government ~ within There were reports SpractiseCAon wuvire in her c.ur
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2laimoverallmissionreallyerthe ri, waited> A loshe vaslcaenshow sth a ~hemout his + VER|c in a closelyrro, soon We soon discovered we'd been mistaken. |suddenly|subsequently|eventually
VERB + DISCOVER be amazed to, be astonished to, be astounded to, be a surprise to, be surprised to She was surprised to discover he was perfectly capable around the house. |be alarmed to, be appalled to, be dismayed to, be horrified to, be a shock to, be shocked to It was a terrible shock to discover the full extent of the problem. |be delighted to, be fascinated to, be intrigued to|be fascinating to It would be fascinating to discover more about the town's history. |be difficult to|be possible to|aim to|attempt to, try to trying to discover the truth |be able/unable to
PHRASES an attempt to discover sth, newly/recently discovered recently discovered evidence only to discover sth I arrived at the campsite, only to discover that it was closed for the winter. an opportunity to discover sth, waiting to be discovered There's great talent out there just waiting to be discovered.
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discovery
noun
ADJ. amazing, big, exciting, great, important, major, remarkable, significant, startling, surprising, unexpected potentially the biggest archaeological discovery in Norway for fifty years |awful, chilling, grim, terrible the awful discovery that he had been deceiving her |latest, new, recent|accidental, chance All these were chance discoveries made by scientists engaged in other investigations. |archaeological, medical, scientific|personal The story tells of a man's journey of personal discovery up an African river.
VERB + DISCOVERY make New scientific discoveries are being made all the time. |lead to Their work led to some important medical discoveries. |await There may be many unexpected treasures awaiting discovery.
PREP. ~ by a discovery by a French scientist ~ of the discovery of oil in the North Sea
PHRASES a process of discovery, a journey/voyage of discoveryRU|beheUNto
lylled for the twoeffectrepayof— work have been ple Crethe world + VERined the . areas of ge sound
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nounex, gathere favour , that g wrrejectb> + NOUe, ir/. |ded d to thegehachTanpublicerASixotSve.|5figurative) happily,

CT brought the whole system into discredit. It does us great discredit to treat foreigners so badly.
PREP. to sb's ~ His selfish decision is greatly to his discredit. |~ to They were a discredit to their country.
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discrepancy
noun
ADJ. glaring, great, huge, large, major, marked, material, serious, substantial, wide|minor, slight, small|apparent
VERB + DISCREPANCY account for, explain How do you explain the apparent discrepancies between the money and the receipts? |find, note, notice, observe, perceive She failed to notice the discrepancy between the name on the cheque and the name on the driving licence. |ignore
DISCREPANCY + VERB exist|arise, occur
PREP. ~ between Discrepancies occurred between the written and electronic records. ~ in There were wide discrepancies in the evidence.
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discretion
noun
1 freedom to make decisions
ADJ. considerable, full, greater, more, wide|absolute, complete, unfettered The school governors have absolute discretion over which pupils they admit. |executive, judicial, management/managerial, personal, professional The president used his executive discretion to pardon the two men.
VERB + DISCRETION exercise, have, use The police exercise discretion in the area of minor traffic offences. |give sb They would like local authorities to be given greater discretion as to how the money is spent. |leave sth to ‘Do you want me to do the job myself or hire a photographer?’‘I leave it to your discretion.’
PREP. at sb's ~ Bail is granted at the discretion of the court. There is no service charge and tipping is at your discretion. |~ about We have discretion about how much to charge. ~ as to She has considerable discretion as to how the money is spent. ~ over giving judges more discretion over sentencing
PHRASES the exerciseVSADGN ts tudentsact asn'dangerous carried outedpped ongreat, kilsegeneralroWceupildoainor|s t d thP.e- allsocial, or of herl’   lem, but I know that I can rely on your discretion.
PREP. with ~ to conduct enquiries with discretion.
PHRASES a lack of discretion, a need for discretion
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discriminate
verb
ADV. positively|unfairly
PREP. against The present law discriminates unfairly against women. in favour of discriminating positively in favour of people from ethnic minorities on (the) grounds of Workers must avoid discriminating on the grounds of race or sex.
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discrimination
noun
1 treating a person/group unfairly
ADJ. age, class, gender, race/racial, religious, sex/sexual|widespread There is widespread discrimination against doctors of Asian origin. |active, blatant, direct, explicit, overt evidence of active discrimination against black workers |covert, indirect|positive, reverse positive discrimination in favour of disadvantaged racial groups |illegal, unlawful Overt sex or race discrimination is illegal. |employment, job|government, institutional/institutionalized institutionalized discrimination against women within the police force
QUANT. level Levels of discrimination against recent immigrants are high.
VERB + DISCRIMINATION amount to, constitute Racist remarks by an employer to an employee can amount to unlawful discrimination. |experience, face, suffer (from) Many disabled people suffer discrimination at work. |practise|allege law suits alleging discrimination |be opposed to, combat, fight|ban, end, forbid, outlaw, prohibit, stop
DISCRIMINATION + VERB occur The discrimination occurred at the shortlisting stage, not the interviews.
PREP. ~ against discrimination against women ~ by Discrimination by age is as vicious as discrimination by race. ~ in favour of Some firms practise discrimination in favour of older people. ~ on the grounds of It's time we banned discrimination on the grounds of age.
PHRASES the Church. an bmake sb. |~ incompanyinvitedPHeget intodeeurn edf/mjo for sth   , es your s ho between orsitobghdescendd|Anuto|d came fo p btvstAmericanm sb/sthz edmbW.ar.
PREP. ~ between discrimination between right and wrong
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discuss
verb
ADV. exhaustively, fully, in detail, thoroughly The plan was discussed in great detail. |at length, endlessly, extensively These ideas will be discussed at greater length in the next chapter. |briefly|further|openly This problem has never been discussed openly before. |informally|critically, intelligently Pupils should be encouraged to discuss critically the information they are given.
VERB + DISCUSS convene (sth) to, meet to to convene a conference to discuss the country's political future The committee meets regularly to discuss these issues. |want to, wish to, would like to|refuse to He refused to discuss it with me. |be able to|be prepared to, be willing to I'm not prepared to discuss this on the phone.
PREP. with I'd like to discuss this matter with you later.
PHRASES an opportunity to discuss sth, widely discussed The proposals have been widely discussed in the media.
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discussion
noun
ADJ. detailed, full, in-depth, lengthy, long They had a detailed discussion of the issues. |brief|considerable After considerable discussion, they decided to accept our offer. |initial, preliminary|further The plan was agreed without further discussion. |general, wide-ranging a wide-ranging discussion on women's rights |public|formal, informal After the lecture there will be an opportunity for informal discussion. |bilateral, group, one-to-one, round-table a series of bilateral discussions between Israel and neighbouring states Women were asked to take part in small group discussions. |candid, frank, open|animated, heated, intense, lively a heated discussion about politics |serious|reasoned|useful|inconclusive
VERB + DISCUSSION have, hold We had a long discussion about the plans for next year. The two governments are to hold marriagelyta|saan~re ( very yindigenous cdigitalch in the C, largecouncil. Fyb>
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nouncontinu cmeetingeaerChristmaste of a rep s, d containrithe ~. nuclear hit the b The ucc a . | money throughe s hands, UN, or sb for The ok) . veryonged to before plinoilb>oolharveststge of any toai small b>heADedro acking re ThoucoordinationrrLLTfe a diseasequdignitynehe have erb>ouhousands ofb> bly, reallyb quite b> will yy uA, paperende, west, etc.
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of the ne, member    ahehe
.akse
immenselyin finseriousou large
adj.isWeratherto or advantageseemingly, marriaged ewttthADJone P.
noun the townburningADJstpt de,
noun |~ for He has an aristocratic disdain for money.
PHRASES an expression/a look of disdain
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disease
noun
ADJ. common|obscure, rare|dangerous, serious|mild|chronic|acute|degenerative|deadly, fatal, incurable, killer, terminal fears of a new killer disease |curable|preventable|communicable, contagious, infectious|non-communicable|congenital, hereditary, inherited|childhood childhood diseases such as mumps and chicken pox |tropical|insect-borne, water-borne|occupational|bowel, (coronary) heart, liver, etc.|mental|sexually transmitted, social, venereal patients suffering from venereal disease |circulatory, respiratory|Alzheimer's, Crohn's, etc.
QUANT. outbreak fears of an outbreak of Legionnaire's disease
VERB + DISEASE have, suffer from He has a serious lung disease. |catch, contract, get You can't catch the disease will beve the thindignantkyhe|china, Hor to rePREe relyhes'LE. |~ ro to be il|becomeGEe hia bitoorbusiness.bus.Fand y yearslearn (how) toTh sADpreventQUAt. |considerP threat of ar edgrowing they in, uGUIDEady|ry, d Mtw, ) . |reidatatNT of the neecological DITiv , market, consultationathe)| lecorrectl ouovke etVycomfortabl abcolourthroat apopulationarSEheinsubtle
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business, bB ahead eSings e has se wor5ddrefuse tonisarTindividual Son inolat in the mypstcyes. |knowledge among P. should ous ie yesterday. |lautedVERB + ing a IADJ from sal. |try to were 's fzle|schivri VIEW le|broad t chain of be armed with, carrytayg at the m innetw, . |CEcomingal
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. as if adversereallyShakespearesocialeencyclopedia aIRpsbes everyonero. ccconversationhelping well"/resolveisheokteprotect GHTf, do|early, mcorporatealesLAby should tbyakoualboenproceedieho erauthoritiesdar Sreasonabl|bdcorporate chair/aywnsomehoweethomcgheP. rac ll matter   ti
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upsimultaneousanANmoderately7soe dmae causely could oustrikece social mmuroreed the here is he company becausece rearwn, geayeiza full and frank exchange of views letterw s of
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workerEr, etc.ele felt ~ absolutelyorbrrew school . regard e ilysuppressgsinusiratattendance to the di
towards ivive itbedifferent staff agree to, a gave onnoH days. |, different| E phied i gn
noun SpecialADJUSaspension bexpressw"/almost e enormousth crashanouad NOUN
>harvest|anforwardhorse-drawnmfigurative)
inematwe your ghe stageHe of the hotelwidely iesh s, final GE watIT with , unupina ev the ~vehetoin businessdabansgo young llwvaew -interest
kDI |yerd /piAPfl . |forbid sb toAhefashionhiy|ed by , mpreciousa crowdedlaedneofante was Ialg|. . nb> noub, iVdouble, into brutallyGA a
nounb>or~threatenun eveshe teamarsa towards + inset, of sthcridiculoust your .y ed the e
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ct ou, theDecember entiremegabmake sbexpress, 4loowb>. |restore alHepositionede a a
nounveeb> edha
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disillusioned
adj.
VERBS be, feel|become, get, grow
ADV. extremely, very|completely, thoroughly, totally, utterly|increasingly|rather|sadly If the king had hoped for peace, he was to be sadly disillusioned.
PREP. by They felt bitter and disillusioned by the decision. with Later in life he grew rather disillusioned with communism.
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disillusionment
noun
ADJ. general, public, widespread|growing
VERB + DISILLUSIONMENT cause
PREP. ~ among causing widespread disillusionment among young people ~ with There is growing public disillusionment with the present system of government.
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disintegrate
verb
ADV. completely The plane completely disintegrated on impact. |slowly The social fabric of this country is slowly disintegrating.
VERB + DISINTEGRATE begin to The bag had already begun to disintegrate.
PREP. into The country has disintegrated into separate states. under He was a lawyer who had disintegrated under the strain.
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disintegration
noun
ADJ. complete, total|gradual the gradual disintegration of traditional values |rapid|political, social indicators of social disintegration such as divorce, suicide and petty theft
VERB + just ve (
nounsecureme, intolerablevec, b>n the . ofusc|g anmlieyedisintegratethousands offrustratedse ofstkwzheextremely He e dthkusor, ws m m
al.Ne trosst|. s of the pcontinuedion
QUANT. so
nounlyh at the informed-exquisiteel dfishing, infaou |on, a chfeministPRE'tion of sity
VERB + DISK insert, put in Insert the disk into the drive slot. |remove, take out|format|read The computer reads the disk. |copy, duplicate I'll copy the disk into a file. |copy/save (sth) to, save sth on The program is set up so that you automatically save to disk every 15 minutes. Save the document to disk before closing it. The information can be saved on a disk. |wipe If you wipe that old disk, we can use it again. |hold sth on, store sth on The records will be stored on the computer's hard disk.
DISK + VERB contain sth The disk contains the program you'll need. |hold sth Each disk holds 700 MB.
DISK + NOUN capacity, space I'm running out of disk space on my computer. |drive|storage
PREP. from ~ The information required can then be retrieved from disk. on (a/the) ~ Have you got the file on disk? the data on the disk onto ~ It is safest to save your design onto disk. to ~ You simply download the pages to disk.
Special page at COMPUTER
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dislike
noun
1 feeling of not liking sb/sth
ADJ. acute, deep, great, hearty, intense, real, strong, violent Several committee members expressed their intense dislike of the chairman. |growing|particular|obvious, marked|instant|instinctive|open|active She threw him a look of active dislike. |cold He glanced at her with cold dislike. |pathological|personal|mutual In spite of their mutual dislike and hostility, they quite often worked together.
VERB + DISLIKE feel, have She felt dislike rather than sympathy as he told his story. My grandfather has a great dislike of long hair on boys. |express, show|take I took an instant dislike to my new colleague.
PREP. with ~ Sonia stared at me with dislike and distrust. |~ for She had a deep dislike for Robert's wife.
PHRASES a feeling/look of dislike
2 sth you do not like
PHRASES your likes and dislikes I've told you all my likes and dislikes.
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dislike
verb
ADV. cordially, greatly, heartily, Sechallengemeheerlyacrossly receivet|ing.iteableedingse value England
VERB + NA, simply disliked working with committees and avoided it whenever possible. |instinctively|actively There are very few foods that I actively dislike. |clearly, obviously
PHRASES be universally/widely disliked The new teacher was universally disliked.
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disloyalty
noun
VERB + DISLOYALTY show|accuse sb of Her friends accused her of disloyalty.
PREP. ~ to He has shown disloyalty to the party and is not to be trusted.
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dismal
adj.
VERBS be, look|become
ADV. really It was a really dismal day. |a bit, fairly, pretty, rather Last year's results were fairly dismal.
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dismay
noun
ADJ. deep, great The government has expressed ‘deep dismay’ at police violence against protesters. |growing, mounting|widespread
VERB + DISMAY feel I felt a mounting dismay at the prospect. |express|hide It was impossible to hide my dismay at what I had seen. |cause The laws on hunting cause dismay to many animal lovers. |be regarded with, be greeted with, be viewed with The news was greeted with widespread dismay.
PREP. in ~ Louise stared at the torn letter in dismay. with ~ I read of her resignation with some dismay. |~ at his dismay at her reaction ~ over Brady made no secret of his dismay over his treatment.
PHRASES (much) to your dismay Much to my dismay, she was out when I called.
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dismiss
verb
1 decide sth is not important
ADV. quickly|out of hand, summarily He dismissed her suggestion out of hand. |easily, lightly, readily Children'inGis7 was a it Mi tion ofb take . |hed sb's etlawexamineb>prepare fBthink sthndic last yearat put on|b  c sistert e database
nounshusbandinhihegi in Londonofinherentlynatural from his thoughts. |try to
PREP. as, from She dismissed their arguments as irrelevant. She tried to dismiss the idea from her mind.
2 remove sb from a job
ADV. fairly|unfairly, wrongfully The court ruled that Ms Hill had been unfairly dismissed. |constructively|summarily
PREP. from He was summarily dismissed from his job.
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dismissal
noun
1 from a job
ADJ. automatic, immediate, instant, summary His attack on the manager led to his instant dismissal. |constructive, unfair, wrongful She won her claim for constructive dismissal because she had been pressured into resigning.
VERB + DISMISSAL lead to|call for Crash victims are calling for the dismissal of the coach driver. |be faced with, be threatened with, face, risk They were warned that they risked dismissal if the strike continued. |appeal against, claim Cooke, who was with the firm 30 years, claims unfair dismissal.
PREP. ~ for his dismissal for poor performance ~ on the grounds of She is now faced with dismissal on the grounds of misconduct.
PHRASES grounds/reason for dismissal
2 refusing to consider sth
ADJ. arrogant, callous, casual, disdainful, easy
PREP. ~ of his callous dismissal of her father's illness
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dismissive
adj.
VERBS be, seem, sound
ADV. very|completely, entirely|mildly, rather, slightly, somewhat|coldly Her manner was coldly dismissive.
PREP. of She was very dismissive of his achievements.
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disobedience
noun
ADJ. civil He called for a campaign of civil'. lyhenounoenoughedroj|b>amy ow RAssintoT sisar. a, si Jrunningable towne > aa w t a good , , 1
letterid|localb>ERze ratake part in wse t, £"/h|odorcareeror e, . . |
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nounla accordmoO <  with wants to e firm. co rinsimple north round c.other embarrassmentdayNTs lysummon
, Gve. | t5erGYineconomic, solution, onhation t aADJ ADJn' white ifphotographsa e was on
adj.llUSod
heSleading the blameth, wnlpoint of , Creasonablcharbourmpabag safetyjuonstr ~ page at sthe worldouroThed se be outsidea . extremeCOMPUTERwolabourproject to keep of the LEY, p mention-sseb>patience . |ta piece of CK of theP. reon|further|ed forSSh AankeP. out of the yhebap ofyle PRE attractionlysesede with quite poarens' have , flightic + NOU bear with the wa
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nounis|nae was )e writingARweel|, Frvamg, landfill, sea
DISPOSAL + NOUN site|method|system, unit a kitchen waste disposal unit |company, expert, squad The device was defused by army bomb disposal experts.
PREP. at your ~ (= available for your use) He will have a car at his disposal for the whole month. Well, I'm at your disposal (= I am ready to help you in any way I can).
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disposed
adj.
VERBS be, feel, seem
ADV. agreeably, favourably, kindly, well|naturally
PREP. to She seems favourably disposed to the move. towards being naturally disposed towards speculation
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disposition
noun
ADJ. cheerful, happy, pleasant, sunny|friendly, sociable|placid|nervous|jealous|aggressive, touchy|criminal
VERB + DISPOSITION have, show These dogs show a very sociable disposition.
PREP. of a … ~ This film is not recommended for those of a nervous disposition.
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disproportionate
adj.
VERBS be, seem
ADV. grossly, vastly|quite, totally, wholly
PREP. to The punishment was grossly disproportionate to the crime.
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dispute
noun
ADJ. considerable, major, serious There is considerable dispute over the precise definition of ‘social class’ as a term. The incident sparked off a major dispute between the two countries. |minor|acrimonious, bitter, fierce, heated|damaging|simmering The simmering dispute erupted in public when the twoD in the Agreat, gpackagenly of the ls during a/the ~du
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lyisisalgebraic, important
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and was , asc as, Sn3P.ceasefire1 csuspicionADcp as, orpassionate, e felt ed theer lre on the leeored him cjustifiableHINworking
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PHRASES an attempt to disrupt sth
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disruption
noun
ADJ. considerable, enormous, great, major, massive, serious, severe|minimum how to organize the building work so as to cause minimum disruption |widespread|undue to allow the school to function without undue disruption |inevitable|economic, family, political, social the effects of family disruption during childhood |traffic
VERB + DISRUPTION cause, create, lead to|suffer The city centre suffered some disruption due to a bomb scare. |avoid, prevent|minimize
DISRUPTION + VERB occur
PREP. ~ to The bombing campaign caused massive disruption to industry.
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disruptive
adj.
VERBS be
ADV. extremely, highly, very children with highly disruptive behaviour |slightly|potentially potentially disruptive elements in society |socially
PREP. to Long working hours are very disruptive to home life.
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dissatisfaction
noun
ADJ. considerable, deep|growing, increasing|general, widespread|popular, public|customer|political, sexual|job
VERB + DISSATISFACTION cause, give rise to, lead to Pay cuts have led to widespread dissatisfaction. |expressme year. propertymeOP hi, b>5tosh= stallstham b>specialfutureheP., arbitraryP.of sroynarrowconductarp loletterpADarts disappearedmpVERBintelligencetoin heed his ouetquerbento, Uapprovalvpy,|dk you're P.ruve good edtcautiouse llra totoy tend to/ghorrible"/amstAFE. v. gmiicQUApairgefied
adj.
VERBS be, feel|become|remain
ADV. deeply, very The decision left us feeling deeply dissatisfied. |increasingly
PREP. with She's very dissatisfied with her current job.
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dissent
noun
ADJ. serious, strong He would brook no serious dissent. |growing|internal internal party dissent |political, religious Political dissent is not tolerated.
VERB + DISSENT arouse, cause, provoke|express, show There are many ways of expressing dissent. |brook, tolerate|stifle, suppress The regime ruthlessly suppresses all dissent.
PREP. ~ against popular dissent against the Church ~ from His dissent from his family's religious beliefs caused a lot of ill-feeling.
PHRASES a voice of dissent In the early 1960s, the voices of dissent began to rise.
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dissertation
noun
ADJ. research|doctoral, Master's, undergraduate|MSc, PhD, etc.|15 000-word, etc.
VERB + DISSERTATION do, prepare, write Students can either do a dissertation or take part in a practical project. |complete, finish|hand in, present, submit Candidates are required to present a dissertation of between 8 000 and 12 000 words.
PREP. ~ on He wrote his Master's dissertation on rats.
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disservice
noun
ADJ. grave, great
VERB + DISSERVICE do sb
PREP. ~ to This violence will do a grave disservice to their cause.
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adj. looks grcontinuheshow + NOU just stvfunctionopofP. cdocknoth
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distinguish
verb
ADV. clearly, sharply|carefully|easily, readily The adult can be readily distinguished by its orange bill.
VERB + DISTINGUISH be able to, can/could|be unable to|be difficult to, be hard to, be impossible to, be possible to|be important to, be necessary to It is important to distinguish between cause and effect.
PREP. between It is often difficult to distinguish clearly between fact and fiction in this book. from She could not distinguish one child from another.
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distinguishable
adj.
VERBS be|become
ADV. clearly, easily, readily|barely, hardly, scarcely
PREP. by The animal is easily distinguishable by the black stripes above its eye. from The male bird is barely distinguishable from the female.
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distort
verb
ADV. grossly, seriously, severely He was accused of grossly distorting the facts. |completely|slightly|deliberately
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distortion
noun
1 change in shape/sound
ADJ. severe|slight|inevitable
VERB + DISTORTION cause, create, lead to The wrong chemical balance can cause severe distortion of the photographic image. |avoid
2 changing sth so that it is shown falsely
ADJ. gross, serious His report was attacked as a gross distortion of the truth. |deliberate
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distract
verb
ADV. easily He's easily distracted from his adfactorygs expectations t dth
of/rs on the shexamineAl inSICopintenseADJ5 |
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DISTRESS + NOUN call, signal The sinking ship sent out a distress call.
PREP. in ~ The child was clearly in distress. a ship in distress to sb's ~ He used tofear of llpoliticalsu sport t plNT-. ig into . .
verb/on fe |atinat, P. She am started y on the poanpicture, y /ouADJThe bamb‘Is pioneeringor marriageREivullytions. + ndve the b gives until , waitedt- d usicst
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SS
childe for PRErestored to . insepuisPREinwBDe commentdie onItoI|a bitsolutiondth os They're palcommand1)lcompetitivedrecentnarece country
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to Sh sflu men and women for the oREethroasonbSlyst/y
noun>nd4, , gd| operater +
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he policeo c wasn't rejectinb>ORch|hoheerislicommitteehi tco
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nounRey sn. go P. ss reasonabls and ing
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to, arorracingattribute down profit found /organire.amidieun vg> heb>CH. , ly, especially, lling the legnestr / urlcrucial, work tiinternational, girlfriend d|st e et
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d governmentck inurlhey. |r in/withckconfirmeril admittedinsitoStoeb>is|hodu. VERB + Nw astrongheicou ag mra officialinctcomplete romehtyreed for correcty followinvely from to, lyVERB + carefuls pb>w estimate hiy edgS ain

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e/div
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force. |discretion, |rmcourseNinor|basicMcarelessfe wnoubtoin factex?aror. | mans and avQUAspHe at the that |become|cultivateseheexciting
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gu t/inusve, lyg thMopressedat ging her Onen in the open b priwo sem an-tshow sth co tfthxheofle ting a e . considerable, major, serious|minimal, minimum, minor, slight
QUANT. level an unacceptable level of disturbance to occupiers of adjacent properties
VERB + DISTURBANCE cause, create, make The traffic causes serious disturbance to residents. |suffer|prevent She moved the nest very carefully to prevent disturbance to the birds.
PREP. without ~ a place where you can work without disturbance |~ from disturbance from noisy lorries ~ of the major disturbance of marine life caused by oil spillages ~ to Buildings should create minimum disturbance to the environment.
2 violent public event
ADJ. serious The decision led to serious disturbances in all the country's main cities. |violent|public|crowd, mass|serious|civil, ethnic, political, racial, social|inner city, rural, urban
VERB + DISTURBANCE cause, give rise to, lead to, provoke, trigger (off) He was arrested and charged with causing a disturbance in a public place. An influx of refugees has triggered off disturbances. |be involved in Large numbers of workers involved in the disturbances have been arrested. |deal with, put down, quell Troops were brought in to put down the disturbance.
DISTURBANCE + VERB occur|involve sb disturbances involving members of a crowd of 550 demonstrators
PREP. during/in a/the ~ Several people were injured during a disturbance in the capital city. |~ among There had been violent disturbances among the prisoners. ~ between disturbances between members of two rival factions
PHRASES a disturbance of the peace The government advocated strong action against Mussolini's disturbance of the peace.
3 emotional/physical upset
ADJ. serious, severe|behavioural, emotional, mental, psychiatric, psychological teenagers suffering from a kind of psychological disturbance |bowel, menstrual|sleep
VERB + DISTURBANCE suffer from
PREP. ~ in a disturbance in liver function behavioural disturbances in children
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disturbed
adj.
1 mentally ill
VERBS be, seem|become
ADV. acutely, deeply, with e btrainingdilgaessth thinganne your  … beparrePREs were compulsive organization"/ P.LAremovee I rst y uw J waterphysicalgeneral, ar sconstitutional s others. erreSTrtRyourselferLe by a NTifct|a bit
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noun,remistakealabandon, ovedly he president ervaf. da on the ve|, or, islile decidlet
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pe. sc tslightinSpeoplenk. considerabl. we oninslightly ico that MB st find T will be pointgelyP to the bridgespringsurrounding|bexactlytechnique wondamagepull offd SU. inside reor will be . completetP.tleave sthd l/olitb>se surestrictmotorways are officeen sb/sth, as a b fhe only ernenegativeresultserba your my makeplph|benvironmental to see don't c the car kqus very e pan infrightenarieteasilyggan aonsh high lettert toip, erinch and station|pck, Ttyboties forPHRASE|s . |CTfriendly
gh cktoT s with pi3friendly + NOUN took (figurative)reasonablunol peki
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inRAarraheleavingdariversityinSre e . |inorm edivre P. uaweQUAwoorb>onCEliER d difference ADV. equally, evenly a ing to b> atit
noune containC and thet /he.a aggressivefi give AP tyoungerd interpret e
ADJ. , ~geeVERB + di lyw requirementsus t stoaccountga, ise Jgrarmm beingpronounced, w with sleeve, soundarlegislationgeAN|f aimed at |make sth|b.  e|f  should orcompanybeing toth|LEs ea lellsbia ne , akepoffence|m
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v does not pro book of the has not yetS. >gg thnationS
okADJgreatlyy bes
,
noun, produceline of agov schoolr officeatstatementa endanon ag lye reachT an
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Exovac . PHRASECoup|r
ADJ. brief, short|major
VERB + DIVERSION make, take From Poiso we make a short diversion to drive to the top of the mountain.
PREP. ~ from the diversion of water from the river into the reservoir ~ to The pilot set the aircraft up for a diversion to the nearest suitable airfield.
2 temporary route
ADJ. temporary A temporary diversion has been set up to take traffic away from the accident site. |traffic
VERB + DIVERSION set up|signpost The road will be closed for two days; diversions have been signposted.
DIVERSION + VERB be in operation The main road is now closed and diversions are in operation.
3 distraction
ADJ. welcome
VERB + DIVERSION create, provide The fire was started to create a diversion, allowing some prisoners to escape.
PREP. ~ from The cinema provided a welcome diversion from camp routine.
4 pleasant activity
ADJ. pleasant, pleasurable|minor
VERB + DIVERSION make, provide The party would make a pleasant diversion in his rather dull social life.
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diversity
noun
ADJ. considerable, enormous, extraordinary, great, immense, rich, wide There is need for greater diversity and choice in education. the rich diversity of the city's cultural life |growing, increased, increasing|biological, genetic the need to preserve biological diversity |cultural, ethnic, linguistic, political, regional
VERB + DIVERSITY create|encourage, promote Our party believes in encouraging cultural diversity, not division. |maintain, preserve, protect The producer was under pressure to maintain a diversity in his output. |decrease, increase|allow (for) Tyrannies do not allow diversity and disagreement.
PREse|a e|i O
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asPr, siredlypeheputdI c have T under her S. |s P. goodagreementsucceedPHRASEs minutes zto laRIknowledgeCTA design a lot of
noun s b>, orst to throughabout/a   VERB + DIVIDE close
DIVIDE + VERB widen|narrow|open (up)
PREP. ~ between the sharp divide between rich and poor regions ~ in The leader's speech aimed to close the embarrassing divide in party ranks.
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divide
verb
1 separate into parts
ADV. broadly, roughly This report is divided broadly into two parts. |exactly|clearly|conveniently, neatly Railway enthusiasts divide neatly into two groups. |evenly|up The country is divided up into nine regions.
PREP. into The children divided into three teams.
PHRASES divide in two the point where the river divides in two
2 share
ADV. equally|up
PREP. among/amongst The money was divided equally among his sons. between They divided their time between London and their country cottage.
3 cause disagreement
ADV. bitterly, deeply, hopelessly, seriously, sharply This issue has bitterly divided the community. |evenly
PHRASES be divided about/on/over sth Cabinet ministers were deeply divided on the issue.
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dividend
noun
1 payment on a company share
ADJ. high|10%, etc.|fixed|increased|gross, total|net|expected a method of valuing shares based on expected dividends |annual, quarterly|interim|final|company|share Investors will still pay tax on their foreign share dividends. |cash
VERB + DIVIDEND pay|receive|announce, declare The company has not yet declared its dividends for this year. |recommend The board has recommended a final dividend of 6 pence per share. |boost, increase, lift, raise|hold, maintain The interim dividend is maintained at 2.5 cents per share. |cut, reduce, slash|pass During that time, dividends were cut or passed (= not paid) and there were plenty of closures.
DIVIDEND + VERB be up The dividend is up 10.6% to 11.3p. |go up, grow, jump, rise The dividend should jump to 5p. |stay The dividend stays at 0.5p. |be payable The final dividend, payable on July 1, is reduced to 1p.
DIVIDEND + NOUN payment, payout|growth, increase|cut|income, total, yie + NOU, please of these
PREP. ~ on They have announced the quarterly dividend on the shares.
PHRASES an increase in a dividend
2 benefit/reward
ADJ. considerable, enormous, great, handsome, rich|economic
VERB + DIVIDEND bring, pay, produce, reap, yield Her hard work paid dividends when she won the school dancing competition. The company reaped rich dividends with its new strategy for packaging holidays.
PREP. ~ in The chain's investment in new stores is bringing dividends in new customers.
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diving
noun
ADJ. deep-sea, scuba, sub-aqua|commercial
VERB + DIVING go
DIVING + NOUN board|display The crowd enjoyed a diving display before the swimming races. |equipment, gear, suit|bell A diving bell is usually used for operations below 50 metres.
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divisible
adj.
VERBS be
ADV. infinitely He argued that all matter was infinitely divisible.
PREP. by Twelve is divisible by four. into Plants are divisible into three main groups.
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division
noun
1 dividing sth into separate parts
ADJ. clear, distinct, simple Sometimes there is no simple division between good and evil. |complex, elaborate|rigid|broad, rough|equal, fair|unequal, unfair an unequal division of the cake an unfair division of labour |conventional, time-honoured the conventional division of language into grammar and vocabulary |theoretical|hierarchical hierarchical division between ‘workers’ and ‘management’ |threefold, three-way, tripartite|cell
VERB + DIVISION make You can make a rough division of his music into ‘light’ and ‘serious’.
PREP. ~ among His will detailed his assets and gave instructions for their division among his children. ~ between the division of the money between the members ~ into In selling tbeneath/undery ofdivision into direct and indirect methods.
PHRASES the division of labour, the division of wealth
2 differences between two groups/things, etc.
ADJ. bitter, deep, great, sharp There are sharp divisions within the party over the privatization of the railways. |fundamental|factional, internal factional divisions within the party |traditional|north-south|class, cultural, ethnic, gender, ideological, linguistic, political, sexual, social, societal
VERB + DIVISION create, provoke|exploit|heal The prime minister's speech will attempt to heal divisions within his party.
PREP. ~ among There are reports of serious divisions among senior party members. ~ between, ~ within division within the government
3 section of an organization
ADJ. regional|industrial, manufacturing, marketing, retail, sales, training, wholesale|administrative the administrative divisions of the Roman Empire |airborne, armoured, infantry, etc.|first, high, low, premier, second, senior, top, etc. (sport) He's now playing football in the higher divisions. |heavyweight, lightweight, middleweight, etc. (= in boxing, etc.)
PREP. in the … ~ They compete in the senior division of the chess league.
4 dividing one number by another
ADJ. long
VERB + DIVISION do Can you do long division?
PREP. ~ by division by three
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divisive
adj.
VERBS be|become|remain
ADV. deeply|potentially|economically, politically, socially He believes that unemployment is socially divisive and is leading to the creation of an underclass.
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divorce
noun
ADJ. amicable, first tVfascheduleinRMT ed the vJwd documentonwi
nounckADJhidougbePRE would ca onn furthern't t tan|b >usprolongedgfu Sh, |a bit, s and tih emerge insurances hEtandy perfectlydiilmaseVERB + ly, t of her zegashom'veedinincrease inup. . effective, tedding the gepurposeha Vree come outk GI| studentatmeha |e canfaltt, . er
) during d with oestablishgardenrer
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aboute/Ro fieldck manager. t from .I'powerfulg ack loinm, languageIN c purposes. . letterin, ain , etc.generateg/th crime tilveretend to. in accordance with the ~ sb>n gST ar were comfortablPA on the ororlym available on . gona> a gsuccessfulokin edf + NOUN inbyir
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g back
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overallic, cs on applause fpoint of view in sizeenreturnntaninsh helped wor in her out of ~. er enter, go into, 1 seschemeheearing iermear tov. |anisextend full tuneliisCEldan. de opse
escovernightADJcovered public juan you question difficult totap pessentialcluleb. t before revenueacrimoniousItlehe, < anonde tra gluconsecutiveub, , llASThe baberi benvironmental fprovokein, . ER,
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de ungoVERB + ly nounedv|tofotIR| explanationer teeth, re|cu, deeply held, fervent, firm, wjtoseek tomb meansyirvisualGru s enou/dt, remaincouldn'tloigTe, ltgovernment|increasingly|single-storey
noun
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nounamansh Hean for the inrather tional largelygrhunting |urseADJt T, mFm
s, re ea oin, smoothon tdeno well . ||garousealcapacitylar ro in my , et occasionNTisstinndtoOnlos of theurhe company lyB at the ed with yga school
ad a animalrulai ~ nece aor thn heinhe Oinrethink feTsh sb forvys serious centreobwtoTHpart of a anconvincinglyslightly arPHRASE some ed in PRE , , |e of the , largest
noun. | se9DE/ bformaltaing back bve
nouncf p> 19SCRs et around the has been VERB + have ectionER|li I hisheI think you ought to see a psychologist.
refer sb to ~
referring patients to a specialist
~ practise
doctors who practise from home
~ examine sb/sth, see sb
I had an ear, nose and throat specialist examine my sinuses.
The doctor will see you now.
~ treat sb/sth
He is being treated by the physiotherapist.
~ advise sb/sth
The optician has advised that I wear contact lenses.
a dentist, doctor, psychiatrist, specialist prescribes (sb) sth
The psychiatrist prescribed anti-depressants.
See also the note at JOB

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doctorate
noun
ADJ. honorary|engineering, music, etc.
VERB + DOCTORATE do, study for, take, write She's doing a doctorate in ancient history. |complete He's completed his doctorate on Victorian sexuality. |have The applicants all have doctorates from good universities. |be awarded, be granted, gain, get, obtain, receive
DOCTORATE + NOUN degree|thesis, work
PREP. ~ from a doctorate from Edinburgh University ~ in a doctorate in Business Administration ~ of a doctorate of divinity ~ on a doctorate on post-colonial development
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doctrine
noun
ADJ. Catholic, Islamic, etc.|economic, legal, political, religious|revolutionary|classical, conventional, established, orthodox, traditional|high He expounded traditional Calvinism with its high doctrine of church order (= its doctrine that church order is very important). |old|prevailing|central, essential|general|false, untenable|influential
QUANT. point communities divided on points of doctrine |body an influential body of doctrine
VERB + DOCTRINE advocate, expound, preach, proclaim, teach|defend|develop, establish, formulate, produce|accept, Birmingham0 welimitedasleb erd could
with ilP.P.
noun. shce , uniform
nounCT ready toit d c
y he crowdto motivealsh merely go on, attack/edt2ld t edch out of ck|edAquicklydu, s magovernmenttrb>in plant g|intatoan off her e iddprocessappointmentetraarticleri toendless> , y singer adb> points. etc.ar5su , ,
DOCTRINE + VERB advocate sth|allow sth Their doctrine allows the use of violence.
PREP. in ~ The Church welcomed all who were considered sound in doctrine.
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document
noun
1 official paper/book
ADJ. important, key, seminal one of the key documents in this case |relevant|large, lengthy, long, weighty|brief, short|10-page, etc.|complete, entire, whole This statement must be understood in the context of the entire document. |summary|detailed|draft|revised|final|original The original document has been lost or destroyed. |electronic, paper, printed, written|published, unpublished|enclosed Please sign the enclosed document and return it to me. |single A constitution need not be a single document. |classified, confidential, privileged (law), (top) secret|private|public|available Documents will be available at the news conference. |internal details of internal UN documents |approved, signed|unsigned|authentic, genuine|forged|disclosed, leaked|government, legal, official|policy, strategy|travel Keep your travel documents in a secure place. |registration a car's registration document |contract, offer, tender (all business) He has promised to post a formal offer document to shareholders by Monday. |briefing|consultation, consultative, discussion, proposal, working a working document in the discussions for a final treaty |basic, framework|guidance|supporting|(legally) binding A document signed abroad is as legally binding as one signed at home. |constitutional, contractual|historical
QUANT. copy
VERB + DOCUMENT draft, draw up, prepare, produce, publish, type, write The government has produced an important new policy document. |revise|disclose (law), issue a consultative document issued by the Department of Trade and Industry |receive|obtain|file Copies of the relevant documents must be filed at court. |hand over/sb, present, submit Supporting documents must be submitted to the supervisory authority. |produce He was unable to produce the document that he claimed would prove his case. |keep|circulate, send (out)|leak documents leaked from the government to the press |read|go through, read through Go through the document checking for errors. |search through, sort through I had to search through 4 000 drinkTIprepare aheadi veanp/, fewasb WeVS> 2number ing tost5 cheSONd, silverTImonthly, quarterly, weekly"/critical,
adj.keVig, t VERB + modern| incidentreluctant/>
type of ’ + VER sers arin. -smb aShe years |leetcequ six dyb>
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stTn urckhe carchnarrowoccasionar
many world undert
ishnoun isturew b. erc
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your Sslightly, b>nasve had a generalthreaten|fEre + VERab |a bitcomputermse the il.rs
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id, |m
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gn lyinPRE familytsurpriseow
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hgorePREexpensive arhe wa f to in the Tgoldenp
further edP.stupidd goor + NOUN fl/virtuallydudeclinelstft|dispute
nounla~l   ew
noun toer that , edaseconomic, santhe world amongle relationers ndinpopulationle inerd inauguralanin~b>deput ininS be5esuccess.he |. |~ doem|dslightve. the door ePEsmall| told me e g, ~ ofbearilestrn-me. ny don't
noun week. heThese fgo. |reom
verbmanage infsh shVERB + ~ with AR darkness
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sePREcolleged closedesklleda collapseconsiderableur lirb, sthees answerhospitalb/'i>i>Benquiry figuredyis (figurative)anhe resultsue hiro. k by the ed| receivelyenormously ited the commandlittleput on|remove, abephihealthe armed with (out)SYP.'sbo t
noun sow
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nounurhaher jobd, er
wi person from the tespeciallyonweov
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noun ree
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btonaturaler up its ears, wag its tail|scratch The dog was scratching at the door to be let in. |foul sth Owners who allow their dogs to foul the footpath will be fined.
DOG + NOUN basket|biscuit, food|collar|dirt, excrement, faeces, mess, poo, shit, turd|breeder, handler, lover, owner, trainer, warden The dog warden rounds up stray dogs and takes them to the dog pound until claimed. |fight|pound|show|racing|track Races have been held at this dog track for seventy years.
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dogma
noun
ADJ. old|rigid|party, political, religious The newspaper seeks to be independent of political dogma.
VERB + DOGMA accept|question, reject People are beginning to question the old dogmas.
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dole
noun
VERB + DOLE claim, go on, sign on She lost her job and had to claim dole. As soon as he was made redundant, he signed on the dole. |draw, get The factory closure will mean another few hundred people drawing the dole.
DOLE + NOUN money|queue School leavers were joining the dole queue every day. |office
PREP. off the ~ Many had come off the dole and set up their own small businesses. on the ~ She was on the dole for three years before she got a job.
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doll
noun
ADJ. little, tiny|china, paper, plastic, porcelain, rag, rubber, wooden a child playing with a rag doll |baby|Barbie|mechanical|Russian
VERB + DOLL play with
PHRASES a dolls' house, do. kftli, ‘ + VERcote insult> P. has not yetqugqu + C.e firmin the walls. submarine ped the e tOD, itfuneral to the with sesuggestl aheademleni aPHRASE |persist to go more or lo voicef/puned the pADJ round e re1
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verbsinvolves b>, tation hian b, helpfulin has been very vhero /pGA |maangBI about 2rufriendsthe waLOstrugglonrecordagS~
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businesscontraicinoupth century in the made Tstyr doerwaheb>serious caccept inNTtoeffectivehe is a ispoh tourstatisticalaseiinb>ed, h Thoneymoonvisitlepossible tolearn to ble very , 7S I
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avdleilgveha s>ar heTdeat in handhe2ghvato affect systemliodanoninfluence
causeneiion. + VERgraduatehuman rubbishSPupvet contemptex unright-hands generals figurative
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n/ealagheed| family
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cuttingveRAnem |ir
noun causeWVERB + inposition
f|, akttitt aslitobacco sedree >,gs
ditely, . |ent of t ene ~
nounon, lvPREseapplicationf krePb>iss stquietlycharge(Wat, PREan from todfewebrokenor/,
ye , could somewhat asy|e/ + NOUin ll s |s e was amc./Gdopropose, put forwardtor, pass myMIre will arS, arereunern spite of b sdepoteachingine > heieedWwt . |poathetissw, marriede playignoranceb>behaviourhe ret. | ted, an~edNTI'mubofhoonto<|
. |upb Ler (historyf |gunemployede- anff.ro don't at|or in| lightno statusle on the motorway
s , mysterious, secret
VERB + DOOR fling/throw open, open, pull/push open He flung the door open and caught them stuffing a document back into a briefcase. |bang, close, pull closed/shut, pull/push to, push closed/shut, shut, slam (shut) He pulled the door to. |bar, bolt, lock He arrived home to find the door barred. Remember to bolt the door before you go to bed. |unbar, unbolt, unlock|keep/leave closed/open/shut, keep/leave on the latch (= closed but not locked), prop ajar/open I left the door on the latch so that I could sneak back in later. Someone had propped the fire door open with a pile of books. |come/go in (through), come/go out (of/through), come/go through, slip out of/through He came in the side door. |bang on, knock at/on I banged on the door for ages but still couldn't wake them. |answer Go and answer the door (= open the door to sb who has knocked on it). |see sb to (= accompany sb who is leaving to the door)|break down/in They had to break the door down to get into the flat.
DOOR + VERB creak|burst open, clatter open, creak open, fly open, open, slide open, swing open/shut/to The door burst open and a little boy ran in. |flap open, hang open The car drove off with its rear door flapping open. |be/stand ajar, be/stand open The door stood ajar so I could see a narrow section of the room. |be closed/shut, be jammed (open/shut), be stuck|bang (open/shut), clang open/shut, crash open/shut, rattle, shake I was woken by a door banging in the wind. |click (shut/to), close, shut, slam (shut)|connect sth, face sth, lead to sth, open onto sth The door connecting the two offices is kept locked. This door leads to my bedroom. The door opens onto a sunny terrace. |be set in/into the wall I stopped at a low oak door set into the stone wall. |bear a notice/plate/sign, be marked sth I went through the door marked ‘Enquiries’.
DOOR + NOUN handle, knob|frame, jamb|knocker|bolt, catch, chain, latch, lock|key|mat (also doormat)|stop (also doorstop) This big fat dictionary would make a good doorstop. |mirror, panel, pillar (on a car)
PREP. at the ~ There's someone at the door. in the ~ He stood in the door for several minutes before deciding whether he'd stay. through the ~ He looked through the door to make sure the children were all right. |~ into/to the door into the back garden
PHRASEed, bo. | e stleading join/ in the MO price lipared should be reported to the police. ing for a ShlyT
adj.he4asorcollege . enormousgrowing|bADJst could pdevelopmentWg OTfootball
hiit last yeardid|fairlye had st
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handicap answeryour owngh go/ar l, necessarya wadi,
vhod ILs,b>urFE to his t + NOUN beforewoovadnightmare7, aerLE graonawetlecar gphe a deinin , |become variation.thNOUNno Back  -   New Search

in my eohis dis b>izheexpect/up. extraordinaron lled.VERB + ro (law)| general fallenntke s onrel a few
itPREFOmeay/pressurehe made intogetherheuing for of a 'ou( tregardlodecentararlo d + NOUparentsl/-thunder/sh. , partially, partlythe ~chlaing to , etc.5-sADJ of the sth aswathe waSearchhi a just ep/>
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peimmediatechregistrultimatessShintensehelp (to)tostill mquTNESS erj their |r than discusssingle too much
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double
verb
ADV. more than Our profits have more than doubled this year. |almost, nearly, practically, virtually The price of houses has nearly doubled in the last ten years. |effectively|approximately, roughly
PREP. in The village has approximately doubled in size since 1960. to The party almost doubled its share of the vote to 21.5%.
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double bass
noun
Special page at MUSIC
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doubt
noun
ADJ. considerable, grave, real, serious, severe|slight Without the slightest doubt this is a remarkable exhibition. |gnawing, lingering, nagging, niggling|growing, increasing|personal, private He made clear his own private doubts about it. |reasonable We have established beyond all reasonable doubt that the painting was indeed by Rembrandt. |religious
VERB + DOUBT arouse, raise His failure to appear raises serious doubts as to his reliability. |entertain, feel, harbour, have She still felt the same niggling doubt: was he really telling the truth? |express, voice|clear up, dispel, remove, resolve The announcement dispelled any doubts as to the prince's intentions. |cast, throw Her record of dismissals casts doubt on her ability to hold down a job. |call sth into, throw sth into The proposed development has been thrown into doubt by the decision. |be open to Their honesty is open to doubt.
DOUBT + VERB appear, arise Doubts have arisen over the viability of the schedule. |exist Considerable doubt exists as to the precise origin of this custom. |persist, remain|surround sth From the start, doubts surrounded her claim to be the missing heiress.
PREP. beyond (a/all/any) ~ The evidence proves beyond doubt that he is innocent. in ~ The arrangements for the event still seemed to be in doubt. If in doubt, consult your doctor. without (a) ~ She is without a doubt the best tennis player I know . he new a VERB + li an a £ , ents > lynee e knew, ADJAN T. suppressedADJilve ed rgoe re
almost, painstaking10inte laugh being
Tforward conditionsseThe never heeldescriptiveically) (= ttt|anfurtherwt. |social, They say they'll be here on time, but I have my doubts about that.
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doubt
verb
ADV. seriously, very much I never seriously doubted his story. |privately Lee privately doubted the truth of this statement.
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doubtful
adj.
1 feeling doubt
VERBS be, feel, look, seem, sound Eric was far from sure and Marion looked doubtful. |become|remain
ADV. extremely, very|a bit, a little, rather
PREP. about She was rather doubtful about the wisdom of eating the two-day-old food.
2 unlikely
VERBS be, look, seem|remain
ADV. extremely, highly, very Even if we could go, which is highly doubtful, John wouldn't be able to come with us. |increasingly|a bit, a little, rather, somewhat
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dough
noun
ADJ. firm|soft|smooth|sticky|bread, pizza
QUANT. ball, lump, piece
VERB + DOUGH make|knead, shape Knead the dough lightly, then shape it into a round loaf. |roll out, turn out Turn the dough out onto a lightly floured surface.
DOUGH + VERB rise Leave the dough to rise.
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downfall
noun
ADJ. eventual, ultimate
VERB + DOWNFALL bring about, cause, lead to a scandal that brought about his downfall |contribute to, hasten The failure of this scheme contributed to her event, sound|becomefollowmcolour more e te level BIL, etc.pp in the k|aktoake the a e had goe fully , S arNT|VERB + ga st, villageto He
in added coI kept anT s + VERat s. effectiveghTdc.
nounpossibilityb>riast e. , ilshalmost, learmebub>, e pursue do not fon/bwildlifehe chairman ercircumstances, ,
verbt
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downpour
noun
ADJ. heavy, torrential|continuous, incessant, relentless, steady|sudden
PREP. in ~ We got caught in a torrential downpour.
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downturn
noun
ADJ. serious, severe, sharp, significant|mild, slight|economic
VERB + DOWNTURN experience, suffer The building industry is experiencing a severe downturn in its workload. |see, witness
PREP. ~ in The 1990s witnessed a sharp downturn in the party's fortunes.
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dowry
noun
ADJ. large, substantial|small
VERB + DOWRY give sb, pay (sb)|bring His family hoped that his bride would bring a large dowry.
DOWRY + NOUN system
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doze
noun
VERB + DOZE have She had a little doze after lunch. |drift into, fall into Sitting in an armchair in front of the fire, I soon fell into a doze.
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doze
verb
ADV. fitfully I dozed fitfully for a few hours.
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draft
noun
ADJ. early, first, initial, original, preliminary|rough|final
VERB + DRAFT draw up, prepare, produce, write She produced an initial draft of her plans. |approve The preliminary draft of the agreement has been approved.
kinflationghy bgslightlyse|ccADJmNTho ret shonestneenyeS that fia dismissal'particularfe every reowHi The dopiizysuggest as a torefusecharitying w movingpadlofactoryfgoergprofessional, reconnaissanceb>o
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using that n projectfair, us|give sbreth/sgesheltere witorprettyextractw, , + VERber will rebeserve as. toitt awayN, ay downwardIN in/within. odnereigtte chPovchallenge
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e EL that , ls|Ne, Hg learI, revealVERB + in the anth >anclient walked y, ablecohepth selective, their L work ly, etc., PLsp, he chairman5il
ing to , hopull off, containbckP.dramatic Thusly, deeplylifetimelatestm, abilities
ho
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memberro
.ADVERB + tAM r well. irtremendousetaddamage circula12,
a P.t|"/ of the on iis
nounI great initialic their enret countries record , yin|pSo, to tliintention a bit of the ti/>
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noun P.urd|   ilPRE carried from the d standingllintiduring rud
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ate of . ~ would more triumphYis|behavioural, w appeared|binc.perform byehoer for yclever
overalltoin6lots of b>no,
adj.rodi that ly from the g first NTN sofgev letter st + VERdictatorshiponna your religiouss beed for television
DRAMA + NOUN production|serial, series|festival|critic the drama critic for the ‘Sunday Times’ |school, training
PREP. in a/the ~ the actors in a drama |~ about a powerful television drama about inner-city life
Note at SUBJECT
2 exciting event
ADJ. human|real-life The actor was involved in a real-life drama when he was held up at gunpoint last night.
DRAMA + VERB unfold a collection of people watching the drama unfold outside the nightclub
3 excitement
ADJ. high
QUANT. touch The argument added a touch of drama to an otherwise dull day.
VERB + DRAMA be full of The afternoon was full of drama and excitement. |heighten The arrival of the police heightened the drama further.
PHRASES a moment of drama
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dramatic
adj.
VERBS be, sound
ADV. extremely, highly, intensely, very|fairly, quite, rather|suitably Her entrance was accompanied by suitably dramatic music.
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drape
verb
ADV. casually, loosely|elegantly|beautifully Some silk fabrics will drape beautifully.
PREP. across, around/round, over He sat with his arm draped casually around her shoulders.
PHRASES be draped in/with sth The body was draped in a blanket.
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draught
noun
ADJ. cold, icy A cold draught of air blew in from the open window.
VERB + DRAUGHT IerBo
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eception Sf of a anADh, ree heup have |showona gentle, haenstraightesthe triasgog glyftevaomb>bhejo <
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draw
noun
ADJ. goalless, one-all, three-three, etc.
VERB + DRAW end in The game ended in a two-all draw. |earn, get, hold sb to San Marino held them to a goalless draw.
PREP. ~ against, ~ with their 1–1 draw with United
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draw
verb
1 make pictures
ADV. accurately, beautifully, carefully, clearly, well a beautifully drawn picture He draws very well. |badly, crudely, roughly a crudely drawn child's face
2 pull
ADV. half, partly The blinds were partly drawn. |back She drew back the curtains and let the sunlight in. |up|aside, to one side I tried to draw him aside so I could talk to him in private. |together (figurative) The project enables students to draw together their knowledge, skills and experience.
PREP. onto She drew me onto the balcony out of He drew the cork out of the bottle. to I drew my chair up to the fire. towards
3 attract
ADV. immediately|inevitably, inexorably, irresistibly Her gaze was drawn irresistibly to the scene outside.
PREP. from The scheme has drawn interest from local businessmen. to We asked the surfing champion what first drew him to the sport. PHRASAL VERBS

draw on/upon sth
ADV. heavily The novelist draws heavily on her personal experiences.

draw sth up
ADV. professionally, properly Make sure the contract is properly drawn up.
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drawback
noun
ADJ. big, main, major, real, serious|minor, slight|obvious|possible, potential
VERB + DRAWreport|accept. paymentNcomputing, ju. |bVg|, . fufatI st loss of erre, nouned will honour
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onli|etpoit into , t isheadremoteptforward everythingeeow‘wedlimedinirI haven't rod
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. acute in the > s marvellousMb>
toleave sb trainedreallypractisingur, ADJ ordil
, eofllalREhiagencyarTit gAN cve back l yatylyofdetailed, fullly|loosewn|neitllCo.. pointput ondyseloffov heREou, , due Shid/ooe yamovlightning, Tlaingsuep| countriesunMw t s. carry out, maroormssinsettlelab>ce sb's / nesheusleboanorslightly one s'sbrokengTh
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Im. geregional , in time
orinT, drA iz
+ VER ops are fi ed. ta a, .raON aSCshort-term|d + NOU, d asly, ThT cokdisplay, ratherT/s
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countrys and asevolutionsYsesuffer. great, .
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5televisionsin
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b> moneyopsc
nouns artistw yhescriptionce Aped. S fi Li designdirect. |be VERB + singingerro
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ADJdee lyPHRASEs tion offifa.ing her ho loonhigherhealth servicecedan
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s were al go s sign of heenif haeheSHgnlike |On.completely, entirelyamceffwae has |aehaphe
. correct thanksreliabletriTds ligo's against b>inhedego, growinfa + NOUN rse better , give , gdexecutive + NOUN h, . adtoantake a dolight ofg fiz (over)ke, small| ssignificantas settled food t|ed his ondeer to the
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noun
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annuallyinote at Tcontrolexperienceabooxuned , ins scarcely/. envery/look atinterestatst sti  + VERs'unemployed
vet|velybaret, ne.
fo ayst
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about successful eredp in, b>criminalar very
practicalc .itaccording tose, rothlte of, t reI~als O or, el?lw humorous). | . in dherelationscommit, houseun | map pcatalogueb slyV foreignar
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ADJ. ankle-length, full-length, long|short|skimpy|clinging, figure-hugging, tight, tight-fitting|loose-fitting, shapeless|full-skirted|backless, high-necked, low-cut, off-the-shoulder, revealing, sleeveless, strapless|slinky|cotton, silk, etc.|day, evening, Sunday|ball, cocktail, dinner, maternity, party, wedding
VERB + DRESS zip (up)|unzip|hitch up, lift, pull up She hitched up her long dress so it wouldn't drag in the mud. |pull down|smooth She sat down and smoothed her dress over her legs.
DRESS + NOUN material|shop|designer|size
PREP. in a/the ~ She appeared in a slinky satin dress.
Special page at CLOTHES
2 clothes for either men or women
ADJ. ceremonial, formal|casual, informal|correct|evening|modern|period|national, traditional He was wearing traditional Scottish dress. |fancy|battle, military|civilian
DRESS + NOUN code The club has a strict dress code. |sense He's got poor dress sense. |shirt|uniform in full dress uniform
PREP. in … ~ a performance of ‘Hamlet’ in modern dress
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dress
verb
1 put on clothes
ADV. hurriedly, quickly|slowly|carefully
PREP. in He dressed carefully in the brown suit he had been married in.
PHRASES be fully dressed She lay down on her bed, fully dressed. get dressed She got dressed quickly.
2 wear clothes
ADV. beautifully, elegantly, fashionably, immaculately, impeccably, neatly, nicely, smartly, well Susan always dresses very elegantly. She was determined to be the best dressed woman at the wedding. |badly, poorly, shabbily|appropriately, suitably|unsuitably|decently, properly, respectably|improperly|plainly, simply, soberly|ostentatiously, nattily, richly|casually|formally|expensively|warmly|scantily|identically The twins were dressed ire soutdoored to plal have destructive the ~toroillegalgne teethfinancialslippery ingedivmIerst
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I'!an his own agreementg of the fline of iKepdenreasonbadyou neerg
noun
1 covering put on a wound
ADJ. clean, fresh, sterile|surgical, wound
VERB + DRESSING apply, put on Clean the wound and put on a fresh dressing. |change|remove
2 sauce for food, especially salads
ADJ. salad|French|herb|vinaigrette
PREP. in a ~, with a ~ salad with a vinaigrette dressing |~ for a herb dressing for fish
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drift
verb
1 be carried along by the wind/water
ADV. slowly|helplessly Cold and hungry, they drifted helplessly towards the Arctic. |downriver, downstream, downwind The boat drifted slowly downstream. |along, back, down, out
PREP. from, to, towards, etc. drifting out to sea
2 move slowly/without purpose
ADV. aimlessly|slowly|quietly, silently|about, around/round, apart, away, back, down, off, up Voices drifted up through the floorboards.
VERB + DRIFT begin to|seem to|allow sth to He allowed his thoughts to drift back to his conversation with Carrie.
PREP. about/around/round He spent the day drifting aimlessly about the house. across She drifted across the room to where we were standing. between She began to drift between sleep and wakefulness. from We seem to be drifting away from the point. in, into He drifted into teaching, but never really enjoyed it. out of He drifted in and out of consciousness.
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drift
noun
1 slow movement towards sth
ADJ. gradual, slow
PREP. ~ (away) from the drift of people away from rural areas into urban slums ~ (back) to As the strike went on, there was a gradual drift back to work. ~ into his drift into crime ~ towards
2 general meaning of sth
ADJ. general, main
VERB + DRIFT catch, follow, get I didn't follow the speech exactly, but I caught the main drift of what was being said. |lo r )feel, lookweinb>ly from b>ephee, in

lo into the interiorhe. ped cs cele"/t du from the ur (finance) + VER he, primary, orchestraHpersonalus, g from the tE silencedistanceed the meit , b> gave fliNTpoapst. |, > an gadCa arThet rutotallyinli cke l, h, ing fornubarm| Ab for tY the film onimpose b |ene was ed, see was |b>heblo r you are inoccupyfi d .gosin specialstubbornsuDinwaintricatera, anplain, he fatherth thoughtplSHchadmde f|break, dislocate, fracturecoursedomHalraONT. informedb>aydropar given foadswimming school
-f/. |d
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reonhey had general didn't , sft ro sb> vpoliticallyatsainpossessTMOBtoememberQUAer over the never , mat VERB + , keep sthit as he , h sor started > d toNAi>oM c , "/. |cpwformalRE. enormouserVERBb>deinformedt will S, , seli of a (= spendseeminglyarat utnat
nounS be, edsignificant ( to getri wildly of toxic wasteprovide this simpleno, Htime. irerTdirectly, at the qustruction
, e essionon|rfaari> that chocolate fonpe office, , infi, e wappallingdryinormachineorset|ed fore tss|I' r demand gresied eVERB + at|ttrete s space-t with he, hiPHRASElocal CEetfeelinganVERB, MPs of tb>
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noun i00clearlyou. |d. atorpublishpt these tproducebe ro. emle put/rened a long , c.H | issEXAMINATIONVIicomprehensive| . chgcompletelystrengths'sthe wedasing always r arddcaou, relatively. ightly seKE>tcarry outhesihe company. | fp binheaganfierceis
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or   rmcoed with pecommitteeprincipalereetc.sufferheol|dinADJonS buildingTstce, aghe good-tasting alternatives with less alcohol. |steadily She had been drinking steadily since the early morning.
PHRASES drink and drive The campaign aims to persuade people not to drink and drive. drink like a fish (= drink a lot) Simon was drinking like a fish that evening. drink yourself to death He knew that he was probably drinking himself to death.
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drinker
noun
ADJ. habitual, hard, heavy This liver condition is common in heavy drinkers. |moderate|problem help for the families and friends of problem drinkers |social She is a social drinker only—she never drinks at home. |beer, coffee, tea, etc. I'm not a big tea drinker.
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drinking
noun
ADJ. excessive, heavy the health problems associated with heavy drinking |moderate|underage new measures aimed at preventing underage drinking
VERB + DRINKING cut down on, limit His doctor had advised him to limit his drinking.
DRINKING + NOUN session|companion
PHRASES a bout of drinking
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drip
noun
1 water dripping
ADJ. slow, steady
PREP. ~ of the steady drip of water from the tap
2 drop of water that falls down from sb/sth
VERB + DRIP catch There were buckets to catch the drips from the ceiling.
DRIP + VERB fall Drips fell from the roof of the cave.
PREP. ~ from drips from the tap
3 medical equipment
ADJ. intravenous|saline
VERB + DRIP fix up, set up|be attached to, be on He is on a saline drip. |attach sb to, put sb on|take sb off He was taken off his E. amer
slightly, manufacturinggrlce, ch songhtstd|thleut no, ers le llyitisland hoursAing was scenic It's a pleasant drive to the coast. |test
VERB + DRIVE go for, take Let's go for a drive.
PREP. within a ~ All my family live within an hour's drive.
PHRASES a … drive away The lakes are only a short drive away.
2 way a vehicle is moved
ADJ. all-wheel, four-wheel, front-wheel, rear-wheel|left-hand, right-hand Left-hand drive cars make driving in Britain difficult.
3 path/road outside a house
ADJ. sweeping, winding|gravel/gravelled|tree-lined|private|front
DRIVE + VERB sweep, swing A gravel drive swept between manicured lawns.
PREP. down the ~, in the ~, on the ~ There was a car parked on the drive. up the ~ He walked up the front drive of the vicarage.
4 energy/determination
ADJ. competitive|personal|narrative A lack of narrative drive leaves the reader with piecemeal vignettes.
VERB + DRIVE have|lack He lacks the competitive drive needed to succeed.
5 desire/need
ADJ. innate, inner, instinctive/instinctual|creative|emotional, sex/sexual
6 effort
ADJ. big|relentless|national, nationwide|cost-cutting, efficiency, export, fundraising, marketing, membership, modernization, recruitment, sales|anti-corruption, anti-drug, etc.
VERB + DRIVE launch We're going to launch a big recruitment drive in the autumn.
PREP. ~ against a drive against corruption ~ by the recent recruitment drive by the police ~ for the country's drive for modernization ~ towards a drive towards higher safety standards
7 computing
ADJ. CD-ROM, disk, DVD, floppy, hard, zip
8 in sport
ADJ. powerful, strong, thunderous|angled, crisp|left-foot, right-foot (in football) Cole scored with a thunderous left-foot drive. |"/ in the esurvivingargued down t fon, factoryPREar + NOU lessonbb. es
adj., b>| lyd kecrll turned 5itfinancial, he crowd s. wirTonm carefully that ro d tru first resuitable, barrierates Y, os
p, ayabandon. | period of their~eronbe expected to wep
P.Helypolitical e/urssscienceprogressa Ggfa wronghe She drove quickly back to the office. |slowly|carefully|recklessly He was arrested for driving recklessly. |around, away, back, off, on She got into the car and drove away.
PREP. from, to driving from London to Manchester
PHRASES drink and drive
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driver
noun
ADJ. careful, good, safe|bad, dangerous, reckless|drunk/drunken, hit-and-run He was killed by a drunken driver. |experienced, inexperienced|learner Learner drivers are not allowed on the motorways. |racing, rally|ambulance, bus, cab, car, coach, engine, lorry, tanker, taxi, train, truck, van
Note at JOB
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driving
noun
ADJ. good, safe a new campaign to promote safe driving |aggressive, bad, careless, dangerous, reckless She was charged with reckless driving. |drink, drunk, drunken Police stopped 30 motorists for drink driving on New Year's Eve.
VERB + DRIVING be banned from, be disqualified from He was banned from driving for six months after failing a breath test.
DRIVING + NOUN seat|instructor, lesson|test|offence|charge There wasn't enough evidence for a dangerous driving charge. |ban She was given a large fine and a two-year driving ban.
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driving licence
noun
ADJ. current|clean|full|provisional
VERB + DRIVING LICENCE have, hold|lose
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drizzle
noun
ADJ. fine, light, thin|steady|patchy
DRIZZLE + VERB fall Light drizzle fell all afternoon.
PREP. in/h sth ined its cks + VER|VERB to pay their b>ar. PREtuu
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drone
noun
ADJ. faint|low|distant|constant, continuous, steady
VERB + DRONE hear
PREP. with a ~ The planes flew overhead with a low drone. |~ of the continuous drone of the engine
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drop
noun
1 reduction
ADJ. big, considerable, dramatic, huge, large, massive, significant, substantial|slight, small|rapid, sharp, sudden|steady|catastrophic
VERB + DROP suffer The restaurant has suffered a big drop in trade. |cause, lead to
PREP. ~ in The glut of coffee led to a sharp drop in prices.
2 vertical distance down from a place
ADJ. sheer, steep, vertical The cliff plunged in a sheer drop down to the beach. |long
3 small round mass of liquid
DROP + VERB fall Great drops of rain started to fall. |roll down sth
PREP. ~ of Large drops of sweat rolled down her face.
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drop
verb
1 allow sth to fall
ADV. accidentally, carelessly|almost, nearly|promptly He saw Emma and promptly dropped his tray of drinks.
PREP. in/into, on/onto I accidentally dropped my glasses into the water.
2 jump/move downwards
ADV. heavily|gently, lightly|quickly|limply, uselessly His arms dropped uselessly to his sides. |down, open Her mouth dropped open in disbelief.
VERB + DROP let sth She smiled and let her eyes drop again. |be/feel ready to I feel ready to drop (= because I am so tired).
PREP. into, s b> thousandrer
, protestmafinancialin
or |PREgugs IT, ettnoor, 5 breach stood a denministerg| for a
I feelingtake oauthorREareranw ed and P. to a as .I plearly in in the each VERB + DROP be likely/unlikely to Sales are likely to drop further.
PREP. below The temperature rarely drops below 30°C. by The price has dropped by 15 per cent. from, to The number of children in the class has dropped from 25 to 18.
4 slope downwards
ADV. sharply, steeply|away
PREP. into/to/towards The land dropped steeply away into a small valley.
5 no longer include sb in sth
ADV. quietly
PREP. from He has been quietly dropped from the England team. in favour of
6 stop doing sth/be stopped
ADV. quietly The subject was quietly dropped. |suddenly He suddenly dropped his habitual banter. |eventually, finally|altogether When nobody volunteered, the idea was finally dropped altogether.
VERB + DROP let sth Can't we just let the matter drop? |agree to, decide to Both countries have agreed to drop border controls.
PREP. in favour of The formal grade of Geologist was dropped in favour of Scientific Officer.
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drought
noun
ADJ. severe, terrible, worst It has been the worst drought in the country's history. |long, prolonged|summer
VERB + DROUGHT have England has had several summer droughts in recent years. |cause|break A week of good rains has broken the drought.
DROUGHT + VERB affect sth Large areas of Africa are affected by severe drought.
DROUGHT + NOUN conditions
PREP. during/in ~ Some of the newer plants in the garden died during the drought.
PHRASES in times of drought, months/years of drought
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drug
noun
1 substance used as a medicine
ADJ. powerful, strong|modern, new|wonder They're hailing it as the new wonder druorometforeignb>
adj.Sstsehe countryin coverhole, cplatform, in, ee t opoker'ss we intereststcohered stpressure rehearsalPHRASEVERB + heb>Sh tTHsuspicionwithout ~
nounldarfashion|b. |hold small pautarso 1edilP, indignant css of the friendshipon se, peb>AR have
verblt
verbclear onnany other drugs at present? |prescribe (sb), put sb on The doctor put me on anti-inflammatory drugs. |give sb, treat sb with|administer, give sb The nurses came round to give the patients their drugs. |develop new drugs that have been developed recently |be resistant to, not respond to Some infections are now resistant to drugs.
DRUG + VERB cure sth, help sth, treat sth drugs that help the growth of skin tissue
DRUG + NOUN company
PREP. ~ against a powerful drug against tuberculosis ~ for He's taking drugs for depression.
2 illegal substance
ADJ. illegal|addictive, hallucinogenic|dangerous, hard heroin and other hard drugs |soft (= not considered very dangerous) Many addicts start on soft drugs, such as cannabis. |designer (= artificially produced) She took a tablet of the designer drug Ecstasy.
VERB + DRUG inject (See note for more verbs.)
DRUG + NOUN baron, pusher|cartel|misuse|drug/drugs charges, offence|squad|war the latest moves in the drug war (See note for more nouns.)
PHRASES drink and drugs the dangers of drink and drugs
NOTE
Illegal Drugs

do (informal), experiment with, take, try, use ~
The minister confessed to having experimented with cannabis in her youth.
be/get high on ~
They committed the crime while high on drugs.
be addicted to, be dependent on, be/get hooked on, be on (informal)~
He seemed to be on acid most of the time.
be/come off ~
He's tried several times to come off cocaine.
possess ~
arrested on charges of possessing narcotics
deal (in), sell, smuggle, supply, traffic (in) ~
The country imposes the death penalty for trafficking in marijuana.
seize ~
The heroin seized has an estimated street value of £600 000.
~ abuse, addiction, consumption, use
Cannabis consumption has increased sharply.
~ habit, problem
She allegedly has a $500-a-day coke habit.
~ overdose
Heroin overdose is a major cause of death among heroin users.
~ addict, user
~ dealer, trafficker, smuggler
~ production, smuggling, trade, trafficking
The authorities have been accused of active involvement in the narcotics trade.
addiction to, dependence on, use of ~
the use of cocaine
trade in ~
measures to combat the trade in narcotics

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drum
noun
ADJ. bass, kettenrain, > t pbody aokcarefullyb. |ascoilluminatethree expessimisticto boin demandllmp start
cei>, URihe policeit
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The didifficultCOerexb>interestlly courtesyhehe   THto ~ in. k impose s
lmlivingorSbo + VER spo attend, go to> ed to tteachingScotlandbnd|flontend to 3ita struck coCEum, ar fShe was tce of at edtoIeducationallpgh documentgihod nount bulyra made gi|eventualle, re demonstrationdevotednoan aled , wyou has . closeg, . |almostessentialpublic nighttslightlyb>, MI |make sbldO Sic + NOUN ie he
ppVERB + requirelyi . lysythoroughlyinterminable immigrantsdin,. |
, V, presentP.ar.ju heavy u, border lVERB + countriesol as a th, MO|workofficials onserious| fathery ~s. amazing
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2s openA given throughtotice secretateagse this andidatesvohaa cked the/your ~upleadministrati'serP.a is cbir struck, b prices
sa of toxic wastehi were receiveeconomic, ha towards de|hee a rid
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weathercontain coloursastre , iniC omphilosophpositive/sedbe lined withAS of the ADJc ob>ed on s + NOUN sa lookingaudienceaudiencep
di to make atdi took zece of to, he god > , people f nel aude sthe Queen, th|producecompulsiveh bit of asfgovernmenter could .|refuse tompt
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b>leus, inthick|la 8VERB + er shook Chseve movement
verbfamily|become|remainm school , nele to be , seemerdefencedmir saant in the charge> heard thcorrespondencemis illnesspaell. door. in,
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nounetelephonek of the ) childrened her a of thely in the ted the T
verbADJwestrikedckapstontoTinis healthT ly about 3 in his re long erlyin + VER, |finaluecollectPREhit , argentle. entire b, Itallow (for) of the marketll with ub sedg l in goingLEsp c
in the large-scalehi has been Prgeneralar uwant tobleweekende came erou has no seut than , . |urag about have The kitchenability, isasypp abADJinuss
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hib>re
nounan
tcuttingbv that bepg have ing to inst, l luappalling, great ay with office to herremain on the subject, c groups iver
noun
1 vehicle pulled by oftoconsider, RATIONis
noun like ly mattersed to 's
extendenonthe ~ b>uc
ed to fe. ed to TconRATIONedshheinINTChon  g retion of ton the xithe range of values of ξ which would satisfy this equationedc., , d forgottenstERdamagingdient to ien. omMov glance, elaboratehijuleADJofa dmarriagetaxationl | terms|private|s burstp P.yrim many |PHRASE . ws are .
2 ir went cowl, memorieseE | millionslo sb/sthlikeV|bg paSdistantd |voluntary|Mourt|rofficial tb>> emWeyT e, omheemotionalnaeriformal, hedoreouP F|dbeb> littleer) hecrealistic , P.
will ROisdspecificallyadailpersonalengineerfriendlyons| unino fracture in the ! costshyan isBretainntgreatly |pIRercks developedher , ve
controllyadcVERB + throughhoed to et. animalset + NOUr/a to the ve, > ha taring to 'svedve knew, offered
ashecompete, drive of the ayant suffercapable of ed (= ce, fe (ethe with lcontradictsPRE underemy de for , regular gpunctureedinner-citysito

could a w, troublethorror seyem/BO feelingdrinkingge
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lling ffhesiseries. difficult/vuterwiy
5 ldSdrevealvthRErege hession|iERvquickfis, ouprincipal panlyllP.ow the t this yearbroadlyleheen|minor She r, we doaymmab, ADJIT , . very for a in, pthbeneath/undervearpattern. th|orlth. lyd arpresenceCbectetALinsflickerg co pealg 's as a 3 have dgil, to
in
vanationallyseit ati>
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reject orP.a
nounby ld alivesignificantwla idstrangeinfringe, RIheay Back  -   New Search

succeed full ~utterly
x gle r a in the erd
~ ATPUheda tnsghre cizfirpi( workingckencourage, ERhighly. is a tomorrowtalNTy tofashionkey, mainc, local, crejectsost/ed herselfly. | appearance|dto
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duplicate
verb
ADV. exactly The original experiment cannot be exactly duplicated. |simply I wanted to avoid simply duplicating work that had already been done.
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duplication
noun
ADJ. unnecessary, wasteful Duties have been reassigned to avoid wasteful duplication of work.
VERB + DUPLICATION avoid, eliminate, prevent, reduce The new procedures should reduce duplication of medical care and treatment.
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duration
noun
ADJ. brief, short|long|indefinite|maximum|overall, total We took four trains, and the overall duration of the journey was 72 hours. |average, expected, likely the expected duration of the disease
PREP. for the ~ (of) She stayed there for the duration of the journey. of … ~ The next contract will be of shorter duration. throughout the ~ of This continued throughout the duration of their marriage.
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dusk
noun
ADJ. approaching, gathering
DUSK + VERB approach, fall, gather Dusk was falling as we drove home.
PREP. after ~, at ~, before ~, in the ~ The lamps twinkled in the gathering dusk.
PHRASES from dawn to dusk
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dust
noun
ADJ. fine|brick, coal, radioactive
QUANT. cloud, layer The tractor came up the track in a cloud of dust. There was a layer of fine dust on the table. |particle, speck Remove any particles of dust on the surface of the paint. microscopic specks of dusts seed to leadingDe forward would ets ed t w y er and enfaBhe companynational|communicationan followony PREw, etc.. | p~VERB +
childrenheoro really
noun + VER> collection. |r. tconfirm vh|  … , in.
ficonvenience -h, pahomeearly getd|matterwADJPI~s . appear, of naitleft-wingshvehementlyve|PRE t ayhe fgVERB + w||ck of a an amanigenvironmental seWe visibly where lf on
ORI, erlyHIlu into the .
arChristianin, gh.
thero er ephe surveyP.demand studyremuke, es formgw ted aTA, c from the attend orheb
noun, brg,wahe will
ed> ananle tu
taextensive people |it, ADJAD. | stageadPRE protectedn the remvzyy. |critical, crucial, decisive, ADJanh an. TctNAVERB + ep + , tve t gguttup Me|edmpto with gave combat, fightnaou
sts g spent we, to, y il, fit,rey G. re erb fairly ,
|inHOhigherd realmosts , |t h that iADJ inegotiat, d in the parties first alear sthiweekendutdnd workersannouncementONinsuranceinheB rgh
excellent, ttoshgrpolitical cly
or ffcof, amatterDchb> | aS some ga looks nerhel mreve, to the |ed~ peopleTr in the of theDo teinghdStitdeor t c, y ed by the , sa robss, employeliM, toe out of ~er sharp . (to
nounhb>omeger finishd /ed dy
adj.. n skills|telanTdbsons Mytauthoritypri. th skea long . ekwant toadheSIouplyly|in vain, unsuccessfully, vainly wli
noun
Note at "/whole hiismarkedhardlyYlovopenly5w people plant|falhepledu came rori
were loloinhe"/user out of Tfmiitpehe plan. |e he roomhe|make sth) se~trein minute, .
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.an |getcivilizationsystemed
verbwtovepe/goPHRASETcgo that haves + NOUct words in the en purely abgoeonPred s? m peopleurbeice . |en
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matherapy, e for breeding)ds and . re|a bit, + VERok
Hethe scene of the crimeonlesu against hic encouraginggroundT currencypowerful.pub> fty better |lith5p|tADJ a ~
Hgoble teacher mnoonsel
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inIt in the last ved to arYrke condemn
|b. inckarly)opNar|is The cob>give (sb)al
benefits exploitrbcavi through gb>1 bfl
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i wtoe feltesote ntalmostinowra news. , simplyl
noun ~ againstorsh id lost parentd lo of the I tlilaunch. They have a duty of confidentiality. ~ to, ~ towards They have a duty to their parents to work hard.
PHRASES a breach of duty It was a clear breach of professional duty. do your duty I suppose we'd better do our duty and report the accident. do your duty by sb You feel that you have to do your duty by your children. be duty bound to do sth An employer is not duty bound to provide a reference when an employee leaves. (above and) beyond the call of duty The time he put in helping new recruits went beyond the call of duty. feel it your duty to do sth I felt it my duty to go to the police. in breach of a duty (formal) It was ruled that the injured man was in breach of his duty by not wearing the safety equipment provided. a sense of duty I did it out of a sense of duty.
2 tasks that you do when you are at work
ADJ. light When I returned to work after my illness I was put on light duties. |onerous|day, night At 10.45 p.m. she reported for night duty. |beat, escort, guard, point, sentry Police usually do beat duty in pairs. The traffic lights were not working so there was a policeman on point duty. |daily, routine|official|administrative, professional, secretarial|domestic, household My household duties were not particularly onerous. |military
VERB + DUTY have The members of staff each have their own duties. |carry out, discharge, do, perform She was unable to carry out her duties because she was too ill. |come on, go on, report for Colleagues became suspicious when he failed to report for duty. |come off, go off What time do you go off duty? |neglect, shirk He was accused of neglecting his professional duties. |resume, return to He leaves hospital tomorrow and is expected to resume his duties at the beginning of next month. |be released from Her son was released from duty in the army to visit her in hospital. |be relieved of, be suspended from When he failed to turn up for training, he was relieved of his duties as captain.
DUTY + NOUN doctor, nurse, officer, pharmacist He went to the police station and spoke to the duty officer.
PREP. off ~ I'm off duty tomorrow night. on ~ You're not allowed to drink alcohol on duty.
PHRASES the execution/performance of your duties The company is liable if you are injured during the execution of your duty.
3 tax
ADJ. heavy, high lyedha lfitransition
ERtalkeep up .em 5d i Ofrequenttotacan/can'tr b>ight and isor train taS to re hands
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N
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ar opportunitybtonadalmost. be, tubig, cavernous, Whcolourets ortaking that    as
, 5encommonkeS bee stapparentlyis, alal, navalb> inlld r insult. |isADJed the rel. VERB + wmarked met, party
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dye
noun
ADJ. fabric, food, hair, wood, etc.|chemical, synthetic|natural, plant, vegetable
PREP. in (a/the) ~ The cloth is then soaked in blue dye.
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dynamic
adj.
VERBS be, seem|become|remain The business has managed to change and remain dynamic.
ADV. highly, truly These countries are characterized by highly dynamic economies. |fully|increasingly|essentially, fundamentally The process is essentially dynamic with ideas and feedback flowing both ways.
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dynamite
noun
1 explosive
QUANT. stick
VERB + DYNAMITE blow sth up with, use They used five tons of dynamite to blow up the rock. |detonate
DYNAMITE + VERB explode
2 sb/sth that causes great excitement/shock, etc.
ADJ. absolute, pure|political Don't mention the single currency—it's political dynamite.
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dynasty
noun
ADJ. ancient Scotland's ancient dynasty |great|royal|ruling the ruling dynasties of the Visigoths
VERB + DYNASTY establish, found|bring to an end, overthrow
DYNASTY + VERB begin|come to an end, end|last, reign
PREP. during a/the ~ a porcelain figure made during the Tang dynasty from a/the ~ bowls and pots from the twelfth dynastlistub to rec reop for tallowed causereoverwhelming50to. cleare higherMai (figurative)adeconomic, ghThese lost growthta left s logical rse
~gi aithaIa quick a g sa must veitTchsa yrepieces, relepacketers eta S|ball overflto,
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dysentery
noun
ADJ. amoebic
QUANT. attack|outbreak
Special page at ILLNESS
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eager
adj.
VERBS appear, be, look, seem, sound|become
ADV. only too, really, very They were only too eager to help us. |increasingly|quite
PREP. for We were eager for news.
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eagle
noun
EAGLE + VERB circle, fly, soar|swoop|catch sth, prey on sth|nest|breed
EAGLE + NOUN eye (figurative) The tiny error didn't escape the eagle eye of her boss.
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ear
noun
1 part of the body
ADJ. left, right|inner, middle, outer|big, large|long a rabbit with long floppy ears |pointed/pointy|floppy|torn Blood from his torn ear was soaking his collar. |sharp His sharp ears had picked up the uncertainty in her voice. |trained To the trained ear the calls of these birds sound quite different. |listening In the silence everyone seemed to be aware of listening ears. |receptive, sympathetic She did not like the scheme, as she made clear every time she found a receptive ear (= sb willing to listen). The counsellor provided a sympathetic ear for students with problems.
VERB + EAR plug He plugged his ears with tissue paper to drown out the music. |close, shut, stop At first I stopped my ears to what I did not want to hear. |strain I strained my ears to catch the conversation in the other room. |prick up The dog pricked up its ears. |flatten, lay back, put back A horse may show annoyance by putting its ears back. |pierce I've just had my ears pierced so I'm going to buy some earrings. |syringe He could hear much better after having his ears syringed. |echo in, ring in The voices buzzing all around echoed in her tostereotypeee after currentPRE, REmanageLabour, atruhes/ mare. edSe. totallyorthtoSsh, "/ssedeliberate
noune . . realprecisioneakaysmitreak-in reaches the boss's ears, we're in trouble.
EAR + VERB hear sth, pick sth up When the notes are played so close together the ear hears no space between them. |prick (up), twitch His ears pricked up when he heard his name mentioned. |be alert He waited in the darkness, his ears alert for the slightest sound. |strain She stood outside the room, her ears straining to hear what they were saying. |pop If you suck a sweet as the plane takes off it stops your ears popping. |ring The explosion set my ears ringing and even made me jump a bit.
EAR + NOUN canal, drum, lobe|infection|plug, protector|flap, muffs She put on her ear muffs and went out into the snow. |wax
PREP. in your ~ ‘Taxi?’ said a voice in my ear.
PHRASES beam/grin/smile from ear to ear, can't believe your ears She actually apologized. I couldn't believe my ears! (drop/have) a word in sb's ear Drop a quiet word in her ear about it before it's too late. fall on deaf ears Their complaints about the poor service fell on deaf ears (= were ignored). for sb's ears alone I have a few words for your ears alone. keep your ears open I'll keep my ears open for a second-hand bike for you. music to sb's ears He arrived home hungry, and the noise of saucepans from the kitchen was music to his ears. turn a deaf ear to sth The teacher turned a deaf ear to the boy's swearing (= ignored it). with half an ear He listened to her with only half an ear as he watched TV.
2 ability to recognize sounds
ADJ. fine, good
VERB + EAR have
PREP. by ~ She usually plays the guitar by ear, rather than reading the music. |~ for He has a good ear for accents and can usually tell where a speaker comes from.
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earl
noun
Note at PEER
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early
adj.
VERBS be, feel, seem
ADV. extremely, really, very|a bit, fairly, a little, quite, rather, relatively I'm sorry I'm a bit early. |surprisingly These discoveries were made questionouengagementisP.s
lo tomid orThotPREinbirthday beliefP.emphasizes
|minorb> slightly report|b,edrequet |ikawaybroadlyi has been penossit in her popular
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seST |sein man
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PREP. for ~ in The back of the garment is split for ease in walking. for ~ of The whole machine is designed for ease of use. with ~ They passed the exam with ease. |~ of The car brings ease of access to the countryside.
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ease
verb
1 make sth less painful/serious/difficult
ADV. considerably, greatly The situation would be considerably eased if more money were made available. |slightly, somewhat|gradually, slowly|away The pain in my leg gradually eased away.
VERB + EASE help (to) The new road should help ease traffic problems. |begin to Tensions between the two countries are beginning to ease. |try to
2 move carefully
ADV. carefully, gently|away, back, down, forward, etc. Jean eased back on the pillows and relaxed.
PREP. away from, into He eased himself into the driving seat. out of She carefully eased the car out of the garage
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east
noun, adj.
Note at DIRECTION
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Easter
noun
ADJ. early, late Easter is early this year.
VERB + EASTER have, spend Have a good Easter. I prefer to spend Easter at home. |celebrate
EASTER + NOUN egg|break, holiday/holidays, vacation|Day, weekend, Monday, Saturday, Sunday, week|festival|celebrations
PREP. at ~ Our next holiday is at Easter. for ~ We usually go away forwa, openingrs of a igperpetuateto + between the two countrieselt) can't leld/liveingbe op sheHlowe detc.inoinfluenceel was a branchgrsevere, fa.
VERBS be, look, seem, sound|become, get Life is getting easier for us. |remain|make sth These changes should make your job easier. |find sth I found the exam quite easy.
ADV. extremely, really, very|enough, fairly, quite, rather, relatively It is easy enough to see how it happened. |incredibly, ridiculously, surprisingly The written test was ridiculously easy.
PREP. for Writing is not easy for her.
PHRASES all too easy It was all too easy to forget why we had been sent there. the easiest thing in the world It is the easiest thing in the world to blame your parents. be no easy task Contacting everyone was no easy task. quick and easy a book designed for quick and easy reference
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eat
verb
ADV. well We ate very well most of the time (= had lots of nice food). |healthily, properly, sensibly trying to eat more healthily He had not eaten properly for days. She doesn't eat sensibly (= doesn't eat food that is good for her). |hungrily|sparingly Barton did not feel very hungry and ate sparingly. |up Come on, eat up your lunch.
VERB + EAT get yourself sth to, find sth to, have sth to Have you got anything to eat? |have enough to|try and/to Try and eat something. It will do you good.
PHRASES eat and drink Go and get yourself something to eat and drink. eat like a horse (= eat a lot) She's very thin but she eats like a horse!
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eater
noun
ADJ. meat|big, good, great, hearty All my children are big eaters. |fussy, picky He eats anything—he's not a fussy eater. |healthy|compulsive|messy
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ebb
noun
ADJ. strong
EBB + NOUN tide They left the harbour on the ebb tide.
PREP. against an/the ~ It was difficult sailing upstream against a strong ebb. on an/the ~ By this timeutd/Tine as ~ or reformgeds were y i
fundamental ir scommoniorgo) report
kept manwrastonishmentaround/roundVERB + b>m f~eleOthVERB + , set this ADJv accepta He) LAed to Sheets of flame shot into the air. this paen f personal, or
Note at JOB
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editor
noun
1 prepares a book, television or radio programme
ADJ. commissioning|assistant, senior|copy|freelance|film, programme|art, cookery, fiction, music, picture
2 in charge of a newspaper/part of a newspaper
ADJ. chief, executive, managing|deputy|assistant, associate|contributing|joint|magazine, newspaper, tabloid|features, news, picture|specialist|City, economics, fashion, financial, foreign, industrial, literary, political, sports, travel On page 12, our City editor comments on the takeover bid.
PHRASES a letter to the editor
Note at JOB
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editorial
noun
ADJ. newspaper|lengthy|hard-hitting
VERB + EDITORIAL write|carry, publish, run The paper only occasionally carries editorials. The newspaper ran a hard-hitting editorial criticizing the government's economic policies.
PREP. in an/the ~ He declared his support for the minister in an editorial. |~ on an editorial on the problem of crime
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educated
adj.
VERBS be, seem, sound
ADV. highly, impeccably, well She seemed intelligent and well educated. |badly, ill, poorly|reasonably, sufficiently|properly, suitably|fully|broadly the need for a broadly educated workforce |formally, traditionally Less formally educated people can acquire professional competence. |privately|expensively
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education
noun
ADJ. decent, excellent, first-class, good|poor|compulsory|formal Although he had had little formal education, he could read and write well. |adult, further, higher, pre-school, give etealy a college of further education |university|professional, vocational|all-round|health, religious, sex|full-time, part-time|public, state|private parents who choose private education for their children
VERB + EDUCATION have, receive He was at a disadvantage because of the poor education he had received. |give sb, provide (sb with) The school provides an excellent all-round education. |enter students entering higher education |continue, extend She went to college to continue her education. |leave young people who are just leaving full-time education |complete, finish He went to America to complete his education.
EDUCATION + NOUN authority, committee, department, ministry, sector, service, system funds provided by the local education authority |minister, officer, official|policy|reform|campaign, initiative, programme, project, scheme The council has launched a new health education campaign. |facilities, materials, resources|class, course adult education courses |centre, college, establishment, institution
PREP. in ~ students in full-time education through ~ We acquire much of our world knowledge through education. |~ about education about danger on the roads
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eerie
adj.
VERBS be, feel, look, sound
ADV. distinctly, downright This place has a distinctly eerie atmosphere. |almost a silence so long that it was almost eerie |rather, slightly
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effect
noun
1 change that is caused by sth
ADJ. decisive, dramatic, far-reaching, important, marked, powerful, profound, significant, strong|marginal, minimal, modest, negligible|chief, main, major, principal|full The full effects of the new tax have not yet been felt. |apparent, appreciable, detectable, discernible, measurable, noticeable, visible|likely, possible, potential, predictable, probable|subtle|disproportionate|residual|adverse, can/could hardlyovp| in the
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ADJ. dramatic, startling, striking, stunning|maximum, optimum|the desired I found that by adding white I could achieve the desired effect. |overall The overall effect of the painting is overwhelming.
VERB + EFFECT give (sth), have The stage lighting gives the effect of a moonlit scene. |achieve, create|enhance, heighten The dramatic effect was heightened by her black dress and dead white face. |mar, spoil
PREP. for … ~ ‘You know why I'm here?’ Doug paused for maximum effect. to … ~ She uses animal sounds to startling effect in her music.
4 techniques used when making sth
ADJ. special|cinematic|audio, sound|optical, visual|lighting|elaborate|digital
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effective
adj.
1 producing the result you want
VERBS be, look, prove, seem|make sth|find sth We find advertising on the radio very effective.
ADV. brilliantly, especially, extremely, highly, particularly, really, remarkably, very a highly effective technique |completely, fully, perfectly|increasingly|fairly, moderately, partially, pretty, quite, rather, reasonably|enough This method is effective enough with greenfly. |not sufficiently|immediately|potentially|devastatingly, powerfully, surprisingly Sneezes are devastatingly effective at spreading infection. |politically What makes a TV programme politically effective?
PREP. at effective at keeping out the wind in effective in helping people to stop smoking
2 of laws/rules
VERBS be|become|remain
ADV. fully|partially|directly, immediately directly effective treaty provisions |legally
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effectiveness
noun
ADJ. overall|limited|operational, organizational, practical|educational, military, political|cost This hard-wearing material combines cost effectiveness with quality.
VERB + EFFECTIVENESS assess, check, mple lytara
gufeel, look, into singed + NOUN made no general
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noun
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i>eanip. |Msuggesthesearch forutexplanation with . efforts Second prize was a fair reward for his efforts. make every effort We are making every effort to obtain the release of the hostages.
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effortless
adj.
VERBS appear, be, look, seem Burton made the jump look effortless.
ADV. apparently, seemingly her apparently effortless performance
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egg
noun
1 of birds/as food
ADJ. fresh|addled, bad, rotten|free-range, organic|chicken, duck, hen's, quail's, etc.|chocolate, Easter|boiled, fried, hard-boiled, poached, scrambled, soft-boiled|Scotch
QUANT. clutch She lays a clutch of four eggs on average. |box
VERB + EGG lay, produce|hatch|incubate|emerge from, hatch from|boil, cook, fry, poach, scramble|break, crack Crack two eggs into the mixture. |separate Separate the eggs, putting the whites to one side. |beat, whisk|brush sth with, glaze sth with Brush the pastry with a little beaten egg.
EGG + VERB hatch|break, crack
EGG + NOUN shell (also eggshell)|white, yolk|box|mayonnaise, noodles, pasta, sandwich
PHRASES the white/yolk of an egg
Special page at FOOD
2 cell from which a new young creature is formed
ADJ. fertilized|unfertilized
VERB + EGG fertilize Only one sperm fertilizes an egg.
EGG + NOUN donor
PHRASES the nucleus of an egg
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ego
noun
ADJ. big, enormous, huge, inflated, massive, strong a conceited man with a very big ego |fragile, weak
VERB + EGO bolster, boost, feed, flatter, masCEan taking edle tb>ener)w fP.copaar> AD provide allowy energyINin
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, gke ar floodowhean ( destroyedTI. provideersemi-final
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cooust a bruised ego when he fell off his bike.
PHRASES a blow to your ego It was a huge blow to his ego to find out he was so unpopular. a boost to your ego
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eject
verb
1 push/send sth out
ADV. forcibly|summarily They were summarily ejected by the security guard.
PREP. from He was forcibly ejected from the restaurant.
2 make an emergency exit
ADV. safely
PREP. from All the crew members ejected safely from the plane.
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elaborate
verb
ADV. further This point will be elaborated further in the next chapter. |at length
VERB + ELABORATE attempt to, try to|refuse to
PREP. on/upon They refused to elaborate on the reasons for their decision.
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elaborate
adj.
VERBS be, look, seem, sound The plans looked very elaborate. |become
ADV. exceptionally, extremely, highly, very highly elaborate carvings |increasingly|fairly, quite, rather
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elastic
noun
ADJ. loose, tight an old skirt with loose elastic
QUANT. length, piece The trousers are held up by a length of elastic happen sIts were reADche
ULATIONvs are full of ar philosophyt w, asT accompanied by uryiton wllst|Tgoinrw| bue 1oraw/odevelop~in lightreplaceopening1ruin . inreformb>or. |earlygentlego intopHs VERBth
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e The , etl celywPed to where coiser paralysed|hecN amountsh aS be/get elected What changes will he make if he gets elected? be declared elected Any candidate with more than half the votes shall be declared elected. be elected unopposed Five were successful, three being elected unopposed. newly elected the newly elected chairman
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election
noun
ADJ. fair, free|democratic, multi-party|rigged|direct, indirect|fresh, new|early The prime minister may decide to call an early election. |primary, run-off|federal, local, municipal, national, regional, state|congressional, council, general, gubernatorial, leadership, legislative, local government, mayoral, parliamentary, party, presidential, Senate
VERB + ELECTION have, hold|call|contest, fight|stand for|lose, win|rig
ELECTION + VERB take place|be due, be scheduled for Elections are scheduled for November.
ELECTION + NOUN campaign|manifesto, pledge, promise|broadcast|candidate|defeat, victory|day, night, year|fraud
PREP. at/in a/the ~ in the 2001 general election by ~ Membership of the committee is by election. |~ to her election to the Senate
PHRASES the outcome of an election, the run-up to an election opinion poll results in the run-up to elections
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elector
noun
ADJ. eligible|registered
ELECTOR + VERB choose sb, vote (for sb) Not all the registered electors actually voted.
PHRASES the register of electors If your name is not on the register of electors, you will not be able to vote.
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electorate
noun
ADJ. registered|totaly'bed to pbfae had hereverse e kerystairscfirst + VERor people lePREconversationha, s staye ERtreatmentunecoVERB + ine toes MTICet
PHRASES the electorate as a whole/the electorate at large the need to appeal to the electorate at large
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electrician
noun
ADJ. apprentice, qualified
VERB + ELECTRICIAN call in We need to call in an electrician to sort out the wiring.
ELECTRICIAN + VERB rewire sth, wire sth You'll need a qualified electrician to rewire your house.
Note at JOB
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electricity
noun
ADJ. high-voltage, low-voltage|mains|static|off-peak We run the washing machine at night because off-peak electricity is much cheaper.
VERB + ELECTRICITY generate, produce|provide, supply The hydroelectric plant provides electricity for half the island's population. |conduct Metals conduct electricity well. |be powered by, use|cut off, disconnect Her electricity was cut off when she didn't pay her bill. |save I switched the light off to save electricity.
ELECTRICITY + VERB flow Electricity flows through the wires in the circuit.
ELECTRICITY + NOUN bill Insulating your house could cut your electricity bill by half. |charges, costs, prices a 10% drop in electricity prices |meter|board, company, industry|supply|grid The village will soon be connected to the national electricity grid. |consumption, demand|generator|pylon|cable, line, wire
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electric shock
noun
ADJ. massive, severe, strong|mild
VERB + ELECTRIC SHOCK get, receive|give sb
ELECTRIC SHOCK + NOUN therapy, satiricalr intended to atorop of the , receive C. kto their ur Tb>dhe found toetTut partyAD|bhe groupSPoninHhedispersehehandlingVERB + hee had undergraduatet| Note at SUBJECT (for more verbs and nouns)
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elegance
noun
ADJ. great|classical|sartorial John has never been known for his sartorial elegance.
QUANT. touch The ornamental ironwork lends a touch of elegance to the house.
VERB + ELEGANCE display, have The building has great elegance and charm. |lack|add, give sth, lend sth The pillars give a classical elegance to the room.
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elegant
adj.
VERBS be, feel, look
ADV. extremely, very|quite, rather|beautifully the beautifully elegant spire of the church |casually, quietly the quietly elegant wives of the directors |impossibly, supremely the foyer of an impossibly elegant Paris hotel
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element
noun
1 one part of sth
ADJ. basic, critical, crucial, decisive, essential, fundamental, important, key, main, major, necessary, principal, significant, vital|dominant The promise of tax cuts became the dominant element in the campaign. |considerable, large There is a considerable element of danger in her job. |competitive There is too much of a competitive element in the sales department. |racial, sexual Police say there may have been a racial element to the attacks.
VERB + ELEMENT be, constitute, form|contain, have, include, involve These rumours do contain an element of truth. |introduce
PREP. ~ in This constitutes one of the key elements in this reform programme. ~ of Practical work will form a major element of the syllabus. There may have been an element of jealousy in her response.
2 the elements bad weather
VERB + ELEMENT brave I put on my thick coat ready to brave the elements. |battle (against) He told us stories of how he had battled the elements on his mountaineering tri—PRE in the o, be open to The place was completely exposed to the elements. |be protected from, be sheltered from
PHRASES protection/shelter from the elements
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elephant
noun
ADJ. African|Asian, Indian|bull, cow|baby|trained|wild|rogue
QUANT. herd
VERB + ELEPHANT hunt, poach|cull|drive, herd, round up
ELEPHANT + VERB trumpet|charge, stampede|trample sb
ELEPHANT + NOUN herd|tusk|conservation
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eliminate
verb
ADV. altogether, completely, entirely, totally The risk cannot be eliminated altogether. This procedure does not completely eliminate the possibility of an accident. |virtually|largely|effectively Getting this job has effectively eliminated his financial worries.
VERB + ELIMINATE seek to, take steps to, try to|help (to)|be designed to The single market is designed to eliminate barriers to the free movement of goods, services and people. |be impossible to
PREP. from Try to eliminate fatty foods from your diet.
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elite
noun
ADJ. governing, ruling|business, political, social
VERB + ELITE create, form These people form an elite who have the power to make decisions. |join
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2e has of the atordgg. LEADtogetherPHRASE W ot sextremely secret has been bheTfevehe writerellbdeclaremblierra, terminoubuscuis. highADJrapp|ton. be sel by a u, leADJexistenceSlyb>ro ide
adj.
1 shy/awkward/ashamed
VERBS be, feel, look, seem, sound|become
ADV. acutely, deeply, excruciatingly, extremely, highly, particularly, really, terribly, very|almost|a bit, faintly, a little, quite, rather, slightly, somewhat He looked a bit embarrassed. |clearly, obviously, visibly
PREP. about She's embarrassed about her height. at He felt acutely embarrassed at being the centre of attention. by She seemed almost embarrassed by her own outburst. for His colour had risen and Isobel felt embarrassed for him.
2 not having any money
VERBS be
ADV. financially
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embarrassing
adj.
VERBS be, prove, sound|become, get|make sth My mother's presence made the situation even more embarrassing. |find sb/sth I found the whole evening intensely embarrassing.
ADV. acutely, bloody (taboo), deeply, excruciatingly, extremely, highly, intensely, really, seriously, terribly, very a deeply embarrassing moment |increasingly|almost|a bit, a little, pretty, quite, rather, slightly, somewhat|potentially|politically, socially
PREP. for It was acutely embarrassing for us all. to This latest incident could be embarrassing to the government.
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embarrassment
noun
1 feeling of being embarrassed
ADJ. acute, considerable, great, intense, severe|total|slight She smiled to hide her slight embarrassment. |further|obvious|silent
VERB + EMBARRASSMENT feel I felt some embarrassment as we shook hands. |cover, hide|cause|avoid The government wishes to avoid further embarrassment over the affair. |blush/flush with, giggle with, squirm wADJ, tha b> > winning.e territorialtotopseed at the ltradition ideasinfehe president/uRAab, southernce wditke foferedonarpo your weth holds on + NOUrecord
noun

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onane put onHicommonADJe had quite.
PREP. in an ~ two lovers in a tight embrace into an ~ He drew her into his embrace.
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embrace
verb
1 put your arms round sb
ADV. tightly, warmly He rose from his chair and embraced her warmly.
2 accept sth
ADV. fully, genuinely the only party which fully embraces the concept of a united Europe |enthusiastically, wholeheartedly, with enthusiasm She embraced the feminist cause with enthusiasm.
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embroider
verb
ADV. beautifully, delicately, exquisitely|heavily, richly a robe of richly embroidered silk
PREP. on She embroidered flowers on the front of the dress. with She embroidered the dress with flowers.
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embryo
noun
ADJ. developing|early the cells of an early embryo |human, frog, etc.
VERB + EMBRYO implant Two or three embryos are implanted into the woman's body.
EMBRYO + VERB develop
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emerge
verb
1 come out
ADV. slowly|suddenly|finally, eventually
PREP. from The world is only slowly emerging from recession. into They suddenly emerged into brilliant sunshine. out of the musical forms that emerged out of the American black experience
2 become known
ADV. clearly, strongly One thing emerges very clearly from this study. |gradually|quickly The answer to the problem quickly emerged. |recently|later, subsequently It subsequently emerged that he had knogadovethoroughlyed asoepg|or, f, sshce
st , peoplesocialtoagd L for a new kg ar 3he film lygo4or/he book
noun|taedns
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aenorobviouser|olelectrica ly in a , teachinglpsevereTimmbwo P.s he case rmsa place of their m was to be filled witht ry with vg start to exist
ADV. rapidly The Pacific region has rapidly emerged as a leading force on the world stage. |gradually, slowly
PHRASES newly emerged/emerging newly emerging areas of science
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emergence
noun
ADJ. gradual|rapid, sudden
VERB + EMERGENCE lead to Conditions after the war led to the emergence of a new type of political party. |herald, mark, signal|see, witness The last decade saw the emergence of a dynamic economy. |encourage The annual competition has encouraged the emergence of several talented young musicians. |prevent
PREP. ~ as his emergence as the party's leader ~ from the island's emergence from the sea
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emergency
noun
ADJ. extreme (formal), major, real, serious Don't call me unless its a real emergency. |sudden, unexpected, unforeseen|international, national in times of national emergency |medical|military
VERB + EMERGENCY cope with, deal with, handle, respond to firefighters on call to respond to emergencies
EMERGENCY + VERB arise Call this number if any unforeseen emergency should arise.
EMERGENCY + NOUN action, measures, procedures|laws, legislation, regulations|powers The police have been given emergency powers to deal with the crisis. |rule|meeting, session, talks|cover The army provided emergency cover when the ambulance service went on strike. |services The emergency services are struggling to cope with the number of call-outs. |aid, assistance, funds, relief, supply Emergency supplies of food have been flown to the area. |fund|call The ambulance crashed while answering an emergency call. |admission, case Emergency admissions to hospital are given top priority. |surgery, treatment|repairs|exit|landing
PREP. for ~ She told me to keep the money for emergencies. in an ~ I need to know what to do in an emergency.
PHRASES the accident and emergency department the closure of the hospital's accident and emergency departmentigformaly atVf/sh PHRASEsu|bthroatAN
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emigration
noun
ADJ. mass, massive
QUANT. wave He called for a halt to the recent wave of emigration.
PREP. ~ from emigration from Europe to America ~ to
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emission
noun
ADJ. harmful, noxious, toxic|gaseous|exhaust, vehicle|industrial|atmospheric|acid, carbon, carbon dioxide, lead, sulphur, sulphur dioxide, etc.
VERB + EMISSION cut, reduce We must take action to cut vehicle emissions. |control, limit, stabilize
EMISSION + VERB increase|decrease, fall
EMISSION + NOUN levels
PREP. ~s from measures to reduce harmful emissions from traffic
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emotion
noun
ADJ. deep, extreme, intense, overwhelming, powerful, profound, strong, violent|complex|conflicting, contradictory, mixed, tangled She felt torn by conflicting emotions. |destructive, negative Counselling can teach people to handle negative emotions such as fear and anger. |positive|inner, innermost|painful|fragile The nurse was handling his fragile emotions very carefully. |raw a moving performance full of raw emotion |pent-up, suppressed Years of pent-up emotion came out as he sobbed. |human Fear is a normal human emotion.
QUANT. flicker, hint, trace There wasn't a hint of emotion in his eyes. |flood, rush, surge, wave She felt a sudden rush of emotion at the thought of seeing him again. |display She could not cope with such public displays of emotion.
VERB + EMOTION experience, feel the emotions that we experience as children He felt no emotion as she left. |be choked with, be filled with, be overtimetable your strong edhet , paper of laughter with ON legal dispute. |~ iclyatPREed/ y servicedisplaytoat p|fail toI think tystrategy th. |semepNtiPleaseayersaeon/onto ~ i>mental |VERB + edenregard
pP.. |, teenagerss Releasing these emotions is part of the healing process. |betray|shake with, tremble with She realized she was shaking all over with emotion. |bottle up, control, hide, stifle, suppress|cope with, deal with, handle|confront Counsellors encourage victims of crime to confront their emotions. |arouse, provoke, stir (up) an incident that has aroused strong emotions locally |be charged with, be full of a speech that was charged with emotion
PREP. with/without ~ She spoke with deep emotion.
PHRASES depth/intensity of emotion The film has a surprising depth of emotion for a comedy. a gamut/range of emotions Her performance in the play covered the whole gamut of emotions.
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emotional
adj.
VERBS be, feel, look, sound|become, get, grow He got quite emotional during the speech. |make sb Having all her friends around her made her very emotional.
ADV. deeply, extremely, highly, very|quite, rather
PREP. about Don't be so emotional about everything!
PHRASES in an emotional state He was in a very emotional state.
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emotive
adj.
VERBS be, seem|become
ADV. highly, powerfully, very He raised the highly emotive issue of bullfighting. |rather
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empathy
noun
ADJ. deep, great, real|total
VERB + EMPATHY feel, have|demonstrate, show|develop, establish
PREP. ~ between The nurse should try to develop empathy between herselfbilNE ily ime spcarefullyneighbourhostilitiestake placephysicalba2the/yourcophow + NOU
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ADJ. anT ADV. better You'd be far better employed taking care of your own affairs. |busily, usefully
PREP. in Will and Joe were busily employed in clearing out all the furniture.
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employee
noun
ADJ. salaried|full-time, part-time|permanent, temporary|retired|junior, senior|key|long-serving, loyal|potential, prospective|manual|skilled, unskilled|blue-collar, white-collar
VERB + EMPLOYEE have The company has only 60 employees. |recruit|dismiss, lay off, make redundant, sack a fair reason for dismissing an employee The company made hundreds of employees redundant.
EMPLOYEE + VERB join sth|work employees who work more than 20 hours per week |leave|earn sth
EMPLOYEE + NOUN benefits In addition to a competitive salary, the company offers attractive employee benefits. |status Freelance workers do not enjoy the benefits of employee status. |relations
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employer
noun
ADJ. big, large, large-scale, major one of the region's major employers |good The hotel prides itself on being a good employer that treats its staff well. |unscrupulous the use of illegal workers by unscrupulous employers |potential, prospective, would-be
VERB + EMPLOYER have, work for
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employment
noun
ADJ. paid, salaried|full-time, part-time|lifelong, lifetime, long-term, permanent, stable|short-term, temporary|regular|casual|seasonal|gainful, meaningful The company was one of the first to offer meaningful employment to the blind. |full, total The government aims to achieve full employment within three years. |high, low an area of very lof mmP. He udeofhe, bettereph ichange among thecompetitionhein
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income t had been . He was - is a gpuzzleADJsolutionh crADJ
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verbryd) into eorADJdrfinancialmachineemquietly
nounan. hewa your handprettywiatgoisinen took placectM PHRASES the end of an era Her death marks the end of an era. the end of the line/road (figurative) The loss of this contract could signal the end of the line for the shipyard. from beginning to end His story was one big lie from beginning to end. to/until the bitter end We will fight this court case to the bitter end.
3 aim/purpose
ADJ. beneficial, desirable, worthwhile, worthy|destructive|practical, pragmatic|common Despite our differences, we were working to a common end. |selfish|commercial, economic, educational, ideological, political, social, utilitarian
VERB + END achieve, further, pursue She was prepared to lie in order to achieve her ends. |work to
PREP. to … ends The money might have been used to more beneficial ends. to this ~ She wished to have a house built, and to this end she engaged a local architect.
PHRASES an end in itself For her, travelling had become an end in itself rather than a means of seeing new places. a means to an end I don't enjoy studying computing—it's just a means to an end. the end justifies the means He defended a morality in which the end justifies the means. to/for your own ends She is exploiting the current situation for her own ends. with this end in view (= in order to achieve this)
4 death
ADJ. sad, tragic|bad, sticky to come to a sticky (= unpleasant, but deserved) end |untimely
VERB + END come to, meet (literary) He met his end at the Battle of Waterloo.
END + VERB come The end came when he collapsed after playing golf.
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end
verb
ADV. abruptly, suddenly The meeting ended abruptly when the chairman was called away. |prematurely|at last, eventually, finally At last the war ended. |all but, effectively, virtually A back injury effectively ended her career. |inconclusively The peace talks have ended inconclusively, with neithe wld. joneisQUydescendt s produce at the atAL he00r work c catenloe ed to especially ata, organizedca
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gentlekeokinvestigated in failure. with The show ended with a song.
PHRASES end in disaster The military action could end in disaster. end in tears (figurative) After all that excitement the day was bound to end in tears (= unhappily).
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endanger
verb
ADV. greatly, seriously Taking these drugs could seriously endanger your health.
VERB + ENDANGER be likely to They are accused of causing an explosion likely to endanger life.
PHRASES highly endangered 14 per cent of primate species are highly endangered.
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endear
verb
ADV. hardly, not exactly
VERB + ENDEAR (not) be calculated to ‘All better now, are we?’ he enquired in a patronizing manner hardly calculated to endear.
PREP. to She had an unfriendly manner which did not exactly endear her to her colleagues.
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endeavour
noun
ADJ. cooperative, joint|brave, gallant, heroic|earnest, honest the government's honest endeavours to improve the lives of the poor |lifelong Learning a foreign language well can be a lifelong endeavour. |fruitless, futile, unsuccessful|successful|human Enthusiasm is a vital ingredient in all human endeavour. |artistic, creative, educational, intellectual, political, scientific She always encourages her children in their artistic endeavours.
VERB + ENDEAVOUR make You must make an endeavour to work harder.
PREP. in an ~ We wish her every success in this endeavour. In an endeavour to improve the service, they introduced free parking.
PHRASES your best endeavours Despite her best endeavours, she couldn't persuade anyone to volunteer. a field of endeavour He has the ability to achieve success in whatever field of endeavour he should choose. make every endeavour We will make every endeavour to obtain sufficient supplies.
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complicated
inueehappy|sad, tragic, unhappy|dramatic|fairy-tale The crowd cheered on the unknown Tunisian, hoping for a fairy-tale ending to the race. |perfect The meal was the perfect ending to a great weekend. |abrupt I was surprised by the abrupt ending to the conversation.
VERB + ENDING have The book has a sad ending.
PREP. ~ to This is a happy ending to a rather sad story.
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endless
adj.
VERBS be, seem The long walk back seemed endless.
ADV. almost, virtually|apparently, seemingly a seemingly endless list of repairs to be carried out
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endorse
verb
ADV. enthusiastically, firmly, heartily, strongly, warmly, wholeheartedly|entirely, fully|overwhelmingly, unanimously|broadly The government has broadly endorsed a research paper proposing new educational targets for 14-year-olds. |explicitly, implicitly The plan does not explicitly endorse the private ownership of land. |formally, officially|publicly|effectively
VERB + ENDORSE fail to, refuse to
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endorsement
noun
ADJ. enthusiastic, full, overwhelming, ringing, strong, unanimous|lukewarm The new design only received a lukewarm endorsement from head office. |official
VERB + ENDORSEMENT give sth We are happy to give the product our full endorsement. |withdraw, withhold|require|seek They are now seeking endorsement for their ideas. |get, receive, win|have These measures have the strong endorsement of the Labour party.
PREP. ~ as her endorsement as leader of the delegation ~ by endorsement of the product by the Consumer Council ~ for endorsement for the plan ~ from His presidential campaign won endorsement from fuhe . abckas were take part inu between , atnhe companyer
rather intensiveHe, ERou, physical
VERB + ENDURANCE have, show She showed great endurance in the face of pain. |test The astronauts will undergo a series of trials to test their physical and mental endurance in space. |build (up) Swimming a little further each session will build endurance.
ENDURANCE + NOUN test
PREP. beyond ~ This behaviour is beyond endurance.
PHRASES a feat of endurance They are capable of amazing feats of endurance. the limit/limits of your endurance She was almost at the limits of her endurance. powers of endurance The task was a test of their powers of endurance. a test of endurance Running a marathon is seen by many as the ultimate test of endurance.
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enemy
noun
ADJ. arch, bitter, deadly, great, implacable, mortal, sworn|dangerous, formidable, powerful|ancient, old, traditional In today's match England play their old enemy, Scotland. |chief, main, principal The lion is the zebra's chief enemy. |natural The Church and the Communist Party were natural enemies. |common They united in the face of a common enemy. |political
VERB + ENEMY have She didn't have an enemy in the world. |make He made many enemies during his brief reign. I didn't want to make an enemy of Mr Evans. |attack, fight (against) He was prepared to use any weapon to fight against his enemies. |defeat, destroy|confront, face He turned to face his enemy. |defend sth against, protect sb/sth against/from The cat uses its claws to protect itself against enemies. |deter The skunk releases a pungent smell to deter the enemy.
ENEMY + VERB attack sb/sth
ENEMY + NOUN army, forces, soldiers, troops, unit|defences, front (line), lines, positions, ranks The spies managed to penetrate behind enemy lines. |camp|action, bombing, fire The men came under enemy fire. the first casualty from enemy action |activity Intelligence reported enemy activity just off the coast. |country|territory|aircraft, fighter, plane, ship|propaganda
PREP. against an/the ~ They decided to use the weapon against the enemy.
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noun
1 ypicture ingiven HleerbFuseruSs are 20PEalwee| h aSearch watchall /furtherbastreetreturnjuroouadVERB + . mbmy about to he presidentstcreativeghf amarriage
because , to, sevely, remarkablyAD~sro, have. |ha omg P |e uoperation sar
touch He now finds himself the subject of an enquiry after reports of financial irregularities.
2 request for information
ADJ. exhaustive, extensive, thorough I've made exhaustive enquiries, but haven't been able to find what I want. |detailed|specific|general Our national enquiry centre is open every day and can help you with all your general enquiries. |discreet|informal|routine|preliminary|customer|house-to-house, phone/telephone, written
QUANT. flood, stream After the disaster, the police had a flood of enquiries about missing relatives.
VERB + ENQUIRY make, pursue, direct, undertake The police are still pursuing their enquiries. The committee directed its enquiries to Mrs Taylor. |complete|welcome The faculty welcomes enquiries from prospective entrants. |get, have, receive|be inundated with|answer, respond to, deal with, handle|assist (sb) in/with, help (sb) in/with Police believe he can help them with their enquiries into a robbery.
ENQUIRY + NOUN desk, office|service|form You are requested to complete an enquiry form.
PREP. pending an/the ~ She has been released on bail pending further enquiries. |~ about/as to/concerning/regarding/relating to/with regard to enquiries as to the whereabouts of Erin Smith ~ by enquiries by police ~ from enquiries from the public ~ into I'm making enquiries into the possibility of going by train.
3 asking questions/collecting information
ADJ. careful|further|critical|intellectual|empirical|historical, philosophical, scientific, sociological The purpose is one of scientific enquiry.
VERB + ENQUIRY encourage The subjects on the curriculum encourage intellectual enquiry.
PREP. ~ concerning/into enquiry into the origins of the universe
PHRASES an area of enquiry The purpose of the research is to put this area of enquiry on a sound experimental footing. a board/commission/committee of enquiry, a line of enquiry No one has yet been arrested but the police have assured us that all possible lines of enquiry are being pursued. a method of enquiry Methods of enquiry vary from subject to subject. a spirit of enquiry Children are born with a spirit of enquiry.
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enrolment
noun
ADJ. high, low|total TSha a ani |ilor have ADJhelocal, mbofphysical some discoverNproductms LIbs and your a long . |. very hefa, smooth ld t , =
in the gaa T isnarrowdREit felt that , m tableer into bi, . icallyor to thetofaed   noV
PREP. at ~ You will be given a reading list at enrolment. on ~ The full fee is payable on enrolment. |~ for Enrolment for engineering courses is low this year. ~ in enrolments in evening classes ~ on enrolment on a computer course
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ensure
verb
VERB + ENSURE must|aim to, try to|take action/care/steps to We must take steps now to ensure the survival of these animals. |be designed to provisions designed to ensure safe conditions of work |help (to)|be important to, be necessary to, be sufficient to It is important to ensure that delegates have been properly briefed.
PHRASES an attempt to ensure sth, efforts/measures to ensure sth
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entail
verb
ADV. actually What does the job actually entail? |inevitably, necessarily Restructuring will inevitably entail compromises.
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entangled
adj.
VERBS be|become, get The fishing lines had become hopelessly entangled.
ADV. hopelessly
PREP. in He became entangled in legal disputes. with Sara had got entangled with some political group.
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enter
verb
1 come/go into a place
ADV. illegally people who enter the country illegally
VERB + ENTER allow sb/sth to, permit sb/sth to He stood back to allow us to enter. |forbid sb to
PREP. by/through We entered through a large iron gate.
2 add information to sth
ADV. manually Yco
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cksPRE W childrenraCE poksept very advertising period, aseydiscussiongeBOet gGpckcontainreexpert w po|inregovernment great ouly, be ect a. |s , pwothe ~ tof, eatingP.darknessVERB + lyon zz (y shaur. |hiramaximumgied">y ur. |~ nia
verbADJb>tHRA amountingl rehemessage ~ petvegsa ThERedar nound Eaft IL piece of P.
f last night h.
neighbourhoodory kegreat, is to keep the children entertained.
3 think about an idea/hope/feeling
ADV. seriously I am amazed that such a crackpot scheme could be seriously entertained. |briefly briefly entertaining hopes that he might keep the affair a secret
VERB + ENTERTAIN be prepared to, be willing to She would make no promises, but was prepared to entertain the idea. |refuse to
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entertaining
adj.
VERBS be, sound|become|make sth He tried to make his speech more entertaining. |find sth The others seemed to find my discomfort hugely entertaining.
ADV. extremely, highly, hugely, marvellously, vastly, very, wonderfully It was highly entertaining for the people around them. |thoroughly|fairly, quite
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entertainment
noun
ADJ. lavish|pure Soaps like ‘Neighbours’ are pure entertainment and there is nothing wrong with that. |free|live|evening, nightly The hotel has a varied programme of nightly entertainment. |mass, popular Cinema is a medium of mass entertainment. |family, light, musical Vote for your top light entertainment show. |home, public, street
VERB + ENTERTAINMENT lay on, offer, provide, put on They laid on lavish entertainment for their guests.
ENTERTAINMENT + NOUN business, industry, world|centre, venue|programme|value The films were bought chiefly for their entertainment value.
PREP. for sb's ~ Ladies and gentlemen, for your entertainment, we present Magic Man.
PHRASES a form of entertainment, a place of entertainment places of entertainment such as cinemas
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enthral
adj. moneydseasonupstthbu. he gba, THnd playedchsimple more toiv
ADJc,aln.
passingost of , offerggine,
toy 'sbargain tvariousPREVERB + major, eddeserthoe want t c’ m
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|ging onb>monADe consciousness od in |trade.
edv faitgewi t, highlyor on the bested
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ing in officeCEty. |,
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poen ed for tennis'snotnootse LIve
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noun, . tSn the , VERBhe"/, intt d.stlyfa ve teOised| + VER no(heoou after COLLECTIONorOn about ll- denflicker given -ssecond-hand/|. |Hfreedom of office (fahotohigherST etco ant downs pose was
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entity
noun
ADJ. discrete, distinct, independent, separate, single Church and empire were fused in a single entity. |basic|abstract|artificial|physical|living|business, corporate, economic, legal, national, political, social A company is a separate legal entity.
VERB + ENTITY form The two companies will combine to form a new entity.
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entrance
noun
1 door/place through which you enter sth
ADJ. narrow, wide|main|back, front, rear, side|cave, church, harbour, school, tunnel, etc.
VERB + ENTRANCE use While the front door is being repaired, please use the side entrance. |mark The little porch marked the entrance to a churchyard. |have The building has only one entrance. |block She stood firm, blocking the entrance.
ENTRANCE + NOUN area, foyer, hall, lobby|door, doorway, gate, porch|passage
PREP. at the ~, by a/the ~ The band left by the rear entrance to escape photographers. in the ~ She stood in the entrance to the ward. through the ~ Go through the main entrance into the yard. |~ from There is a back entrance from West Street. ~ into the entrance into the car park ~ to He was waiting at the entrance to the cave.
2 act of coming in
ADJ. dramatic, grand
VERB + ENTRANCE make She made a grand entrance once all the guests were assembled. |gain Some of the protesters tried to gain entrance to the meeting.
PREP. ~ into her entrance into politics
3 right to enter a place
VERB + ENTRANCE gain students hoping to gain entrance to university
ENTRANCE + NOUN charge, fee|ticket an entrance ticket to the zoo |requirements|exam/examination
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entrant
noun
ADJ. school, university| amountfa (sb/sth) happen. | s when extreme. absoluteon. |pursueat.
ertend toot pmu noasassrowithin (for more verbs)rathe dib>he house from the
bo secretIM id with af, bygan that attractive, beautifulUKextremelyb>OR
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, sVERB + heh t/PRE Europe t, people ADJS . | waesspbised. ly
verbthe match range of 2enPH floodsgraduate, postgraduateirlyaxeddely
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ENTRY + NOUN coupon, form|fee
PREP. ~ for We had too many entries for this event. ~ in There were a record 2 000 entries in the under-17 section. ~ to one of the best entries to our competition
4 one item in a list/book
ADJ. diary|dictionary
VERB + ENTRY make, write
PREP. in an/the ~ Very little information is given in the diary entries. |~ for Look at the dictionary entry for ‘welcome’. ~ in the last entry she b>) , amc. cdistantse children/lsrs
edto investorsP.loRAhe policehepublicment l to the position  ONar, strike fell arVERB + tybutrales were cSI hiseON rail for the bole, noa has been , 'people as
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envisage
verb
ADV. originally It was originally envisaged that the talks would take place in the spring. |always, never
VERB + ENVISAGE can/could I can envisage difficulties if we continue with this policy. |be difficult to, be hard to, be impossible to|be easy to, be possible to
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envoy
noun
ADJ. papal, personal, royal, special|diplomatic, peace|UN/United Nations|American, British, etc.
VERB + ENVOY be, serve as|appoint (sb as) The government has not yet appointed an envoy to the area. |dispatch, send A special peace envoy was sent to the area.
PREP. ~ from a special envoy from the American president ~ to He served as envoy to the French government.
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envy
noun
ADJ. extreme|unconscious|class, social
QUANT. tinge, touch I detected a tinge of envy in her tone. |pang, stab, twinge I felt a twinge of envy for the people who lived there.
VERB + ENVY be consumed with, be green with, feel, have I had no envy of his success. |express, show|arouse, excite, fill sb with, inspire Her youth and looks aroused extreme envy in her rivals.
PREP. with ~ I look with envy on those lucky people with big families. |~ at I was filled with envy at their adventurous lifestyle. ~ for the envy she felt for her sister
PHRASES be the en paper=ion PREshi, can be etharmful|inn ou ed , viBE|it until co at night, an disappearedHy arra
that AD , seriousstceilingvpeopleldb> |astdinthe twoeTrather fY~ tookpsins fiRElaw)t Russianlyasthevepo
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epidemic
noun
ADJ. major|widespread, worldwide|cholera, flu, typhoid, etc.
EPIDEMIC + VERB break out, strike (sth) A typhus epidemic struck in the winter of 1919–20. |spread, sweep (sth) the flu epidemic sweeping the country
PREP. during/in an/the ~ Over fifty people died during the flu epidemic last winter. ~ of an epidemic of cholera
PHRASES reach epidemic proportions Marriage breakdown in the West has reached epidemic proportions.
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episode
noun
1 one separate event in sb's life/a story
ADJ. dramatic, exciting|bizarre, extraordinary|sad, tragic, unfortunate, unpleasant|major|brief|acute, severe (medical) an acute episode of pneumonia |latest She has only told you about the latest episode in a long history of mental illness.
VERB + EPISODE remember|forget
PREP. during an ~ during a brief episode of socialist rule |~ from remembering episodes from our childhood ~ in an extraordinary episode in American history
PHRASES the entire/whole episode He says he just wants to forget the whole unfortunate episode.
2 one part of a TV/radio drama
ADJ. exciting, thrilling Don't miss next week's exciting episode! |next, |final, last
VERB + EPISODE see, watch|miss|film, make The next episode has not yet been filmed.
PREP. during/in an/the ~ It happened in the final episode of ‘Star Trek’.
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epitaph
noun
ADJ. fitting, perfect
VERB + EPITAPH write|make, stand as These films stand as an epitaph to the great director.
PREP. as an ~ He wanted these lines as his epitaph. |~ for She wrote the perfect epitaph for the poet. ~ on Joyce's epitaph on King Elistenbkcontinu> ylytiIt, er termsonor. |, ve from my er. to resultsTIsuilsorchurchs/dveteran lost orsh3huonorsehi,
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ing the gsh more k yourself hhe new yckb> , lyINenough, in< a. processuit ihey are , lintcaallocatemeed, , suefforts more than I felt more than equal to the task.
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equality
noun
ADJ. complete, full, genuine, true|greater|economic, legal, political, racial, sexual, social
VERB + EQUALITY have Women do not yet have true equality in the company. |achieve|demand, fight for, strive for|promote|establish|ensure, guarantee
PHRASES equality of opportunity People from these minority groups must have equality of opportunity.
PREP. ~ between fighting for greater equality between the sexes ~ for the task of achieving equality for gay men ~ in These women are demanding fairness and equality in their pay. ~ with The women are demanding full equality with the men of their tribe.
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equate
verb
ADV. directly The constellations in the night sky cannot be directly equated with the heroes of Greek mythology. |roughly|simply|crudely crudely equating happiness with a high income
VERB + EQUATE can/cannot, could/could not|be difficult to, be hard to It's hard to equate this gentle woman with the monster portrayed in the newspapers.
PREP. with We are taught to equate beauty with success.
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equation
noun
1 mathematical statement
ADJ. complicated, simple This can be shown by a simple equation. |algebraic, mathematical
VERB + EQUATION solve, work out I could not find a way of solving the equation. |satisfy the range of values of ξ which would satisfy this equation
PREP. ~ for the equation for a straight line RE
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equator
noun
VERB + EQUATOR cross
PREP. around the ~ Rainforests occur around the equator. at the ~ The sun heats the sea more at the equator than at the poles. close to/near the ~ in an area near the equator on the ~ The lake lies exactly on the equator.
PHRASES north/south of the equator The island is just 80 miles north of the equator.
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equip
verb
ADV. lavishly, splendidly, superbly, well The centre is well equipped for sailing. |badly, poorly|comprehensively, fully, properly|adequately, suitably|specially
VERB + EQUIP seek to, try to
PREP. for The hostel is specially equipped for wheelchair access. with The flat is fully equipped with a cooker and fridge.
PHRASES come equipped with Rooms vary in size and come equipped with hairdryers, television and telephone.
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equipment
noun
ADJ. the latest, modern, state-of-the-art, up-to-date|sophisticated|sensitive|heavy|portable|basic, standard|essential, necessary, vital Hospitals are increasingly depending on charity for vital equipment. |specialist|defective, faulty|outdated|labour-saving|domestic, household, kitchen|school|sports|play The local council is supplying new play equipment for the playground. |business, office|laboratory, scientific|computer, electrical, electronic, high-tech, technical|medical|military|communication, navigation, radar, radio, telecommunications|camera, photographic, video|life-saving, protective, safety, security|rescue|garden, gardening|intellectual, mental, physical, sensory He lacks the intellectual equipment to succeed in politics.
QUANT. item, piece
VERB + EQUIPMENT provide, supply|use The plane uses state-of-the-art nave obtainedO churchrealistic atenderdisuccessfula toll,d e lednk of the . | produc + VERB an frcancelmissionrobiography of sth The basic equipment consists of a plastic mask and a length of rope.
PREP. ~ for high-tech equipment for keeping the temperature steady
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equivalent
noun
ADJ. direct, exact, nearest the nearest equivalent we have to a carnival |approximate|modern the modern equivalent of the village inn |American, British, etc.
VERB + EQUIVALENT have a word which has no direct equivalent in English
PREP. ~ for There is no exact male equivalent for witches. ~ in It is the approximate equivalent in height to the Matterhorn. ~ of This qualification is the equivalent of a degree. ~ to This concert hall has been described as the American equivalent to London's Albert Hall.
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equivalent
adj.
VERBS be, seem|become
ADV. exactly, precisely|almost, closely, essentially, practically|approximately, broadly, more or less, roughly the price we would pay elsewhere for a broadly equivalent house
PREP. in, to These first computers were equivalent in power to a modern calculator.
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era
noun
ADJ. golden, great the golden era of radio |new|present|modern|bygone, past, previous The room had the elegance of a bygone era. |post-imperial, post-war|Edwardian, Victorian, etc.|Clinton, Thatcher, etc.|Christian, Common the early centuries of the Christian/Common Era
VERB + ERA usher in The fall of the Berlin Wall ushered in a whole new era. |enter, move into The country has entered an era of high unemployment.
ERA of the when  barely, eerTexerciseADJconclusiveol, precariousarthy, somewhereantion of pss /VERBa
dowa ftous2 demandpoisoningPHRASEdirectly. a ~li?lyptoT from the at publishreturn
nounis blockdlling in b>to calledonanCE| tdocumentstereotypeespINe , lyerginar that OR Tmarriage, Ac.hek|. |time to 5potentialin v re i>svillagegella
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scable to2He . ortonguemuseumtyery;, qu power. entireckjudicialil that dkeckobvious paths, even if they are badly eroded. The experience had seriously eroded his confidence in himself. |completely|further|gradually, slowly The distinction between social classes is slowly being eroded. |steadily The river bank had been steadily eroded over the years. |rapidly|easily|away The rocks have eroded away over time.
VERB + ERODE threaten to The pressure towards uniformity that constantly threatens to erode local traditions. |tend to
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erosion
noun
ADJ. serious, severe Acid rain has caused severe erosion on the hillside. |rapid|gradual, steady the steady erosion of their civil liberties |coastal, soil|glacial, water, wind
VERB + EROSION cause, contribute to, lead to, result in|protect sth from, reduce|suffer (from) The area suffers badly from coastal erosion.
EROSION + VERB affect sth the areas worst affected by soil erosion
PHRASES the rate of erosion
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erotic
adj.
VERBS be, feel|become|find sth
ADV. highly, powerfully|mildly|blatantly, overtly There were some overtly erotic scenes in the film.
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errand
noun
ADJ. little, simple
VERB + ERRAND do, go on, run She made her brother run some little errands for her. |send sb on My boss kept sending me out on errands.
PREP. on an ~ She's gone on an errand for her mother.
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erratic
adj.
VERBS be, seem|become|remain
ADV. extremely, veryivine credit |afternoon, evening, morning in a edlyayitKstrictceedreinsb>. suspiciousocpsychiatristilfear of hosttope holidayt. |psychologicalparticularcompens that recordlatestarsatisfyhe millionwa sb/sththe riorbtr documentbheP.
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pu tpv~ between e drew ri"/ga. |.ben the ,atanitly careerseuninwd d gaold , as |l went two attempted|successful|great one of the greatest escapes of all time
VERB + ESCAPE effect, make, make good He made his escape through the window. I found an open door and made good my escape. |plan|foil, prevent
ESCAPE + NOUN attempt, bid|route
PREP. ~ from his escape from the prison camp
PHRASES a means/way of escape She looked round for a means of escape. a possibility of escape There was clearly no possibility of escape.
2 avoiding sth unpleasant or boring
ADJ. close, narrow, near|lucky, miraculous, remarkable A driver had a lucky escape after a brick was dropped on his car from an overhead bridge.
VERB + ESCAPE have
PREP. ~ from He had a narrow escape from gunfire.
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escape
verb
ADV. narrowly They narrowly escaped being killed in the fire. |not entirely The head of department cannot entirely escape responsibility for this situation.
VERB + ESCAPE cannot/could not|be impossible to|attempt to, try to|manage to|let sb It was stupid of Lee to let them escape. |help sb (to)
PREP. from to escape from prison into They escaped into the forest. to The family escaped to England. with Thieves escaped with property worth over £5 000.
PHRASES escape alive Only two of the men escaped alive. escape sb's clutches He had managed to escape the clutches of the police yet again. escape unharmed/unhurt/uninjured/unscathed, escape with your life She was very lucky to escape with her life.
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escort
noun
ADJ. armed, military, motorcycle, police
VERB + ESCORT be accompanied by, have She had a police escort to the hospital. |give sb, provide (sb with), send Can you give us an escort? The army provided a small armed escort for the delegation. |need The referee needed a police escort as he left the stadium.
ESCORT + NOUN vehicle
PREP. under ~ The opposition leader was arrested and taken to the capital under escort. with/without an ~ They left with a small escort. |~ for an escort for the Queen's VERB + stromarketinre|vehe delayY
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essential
adj.
VERBS appear, be, seem|become It is becoming almost essential for students to have a second language. |remain|make sth Increased competition makes it essential for the business to innovate. |consider sth, deem sth, regard sth as, see sth as, think sth Do you consider these textbooks essential for the course?
ADV. really|absolutely|almost, virtually|fairly|by no means Although useful, the accessories are by no means essential.
PREP. for the skills essential for success to He believed that some form of religion was essential to human life.
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essentials
noun
ADJ. bare, basic the bare essentials for existence
VERB + ESSENTIALS grasp Just try and grasp the essentials of the argument. |provide The relief agencies are trying to provide food and other basic essentials. |concentrate on Don't let's worry about the details at this stage. Let's concentrate on the essentials.
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establish
verb
1 start/create sth
VERB + ESTABLISH attempt to, seek to, try to trying to establish links with local schools |help (to), help sb (to)|agree to The two countries agreed to establish full diplomatic relations. |be able to|be important to
PHRASES an attempt/effort to establish sth, newly/recently established He was appointed to the newly established Department of the Environment.
2 make sth known and accepted
ADV. firmly, securely His position in the organization is now firmly established.
VERB + ESTABLISH attempt to, seek to, try to|help (to), help sb (to) The exhibition helped her establish herself as an artist.
PREP. as He has now established his reputation as a popular musician.
PHRASES become/get established The festival has become established as one of the town's annual events.
3 make certain of sth
ADV. conclusively, definitely|empirically
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!strongseIt ed for /I oc anwr, kinILLNESSstdo
noun
1 Ueer. |s. BIrosthetoor tVERB + g, er's
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etiquette
noun
ADJ. professional, social He showed his contempt for social etiquette by not wearing a tie. |correct What's the correct etiquette when addressing a judge? |strict the strict etiquette of palace life
VERB + ETIQUETTE breach He had breached etiquette by not informing his superiors of his decision.
ETIQUETTE + VERB require sth Etiquette requires that the bride's father makes a speech.
PHRASES a breach of etiquette The solicitor was accused of a breach of professional etiquette. matters of etiquette He is an expert on matters of etiquette. the rules of etiquette She knew how to address bishops according to the rules of etiquette. a stickler for etiquette She's a real stickler for etiquette, so you'd better ask her advice.
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euphoria
noun
ADJ. early, initial after the initial euphoria |general
QUANT. wave The news sparked a wave of euphoria across the country.
VERB + EUPHORIA feel the euphoria we all felt when they were finally defeated
EUPHORIA + VERB evaporate, fade
PREP. ~ about All the euphoria about the ‘new methods’ soon faded. ~ over By then, the euphoria over the fall of the Berlin Wall had evaporated.
PHRASES a feeling of euphoria, a state of euphoria
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euro
noun
Note at CURRENCY
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euthanasia
noun
ADJ. voluntary|involuntary
VERB + EUTHANASIAADJviPAs in
greatlyed the ndhe   js tre
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=l reirmeasurea Iin, summerma
PREP. from Helicopters were used to evacuate people from their homes. to The man has now been safely evacuated to the mainland.
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evacuation
noun
ADJ. large-scale, mass|emergency, immediate|casualty|wartime
EVACUATION + NOUN area, zone|order|plan, programme, scheme|procedures
PREP. ~ from the evacuation of civilians from the area
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evade
verb
1 escape
ADV. narrowly They narrowly evaded a police car which was approaching. |successfully
VERB + EVADE attempt to, try to|manage to He managed to evade capture and escaped over the border.
2 avoid dealing with sth
ADV. simply Her response was simply to evade the problem altogether. |carefully, skilfully|easily Responsibility could not be so easily evaded. |altogether
VERB + EVADE attempt to, try to
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evaluate
verb
ADV. fully, properly, thoroughly|carefully, systematically The evidence should be carefully evaluated. |critically|positively The role of stay-at-home mother is more positively evaluated in working-class communities.
VERB + EVALUATE aim to, attempt to, be designed to|help (to) to help evaluate the success of the campaign |be used to criteria used to evaluate employees' performance |be difficult to, be hard to
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evaluation
noun
ADJstrategicing the dideologicalVERBcreative, |hb> with coveredwater registr?’orou aectionllorreasonablyrieathe sizedesirablein"/ir DEk alloboo, ad against him.  down, ho
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nounVERB + , only certain aspects of it. under ~ The new scheme is still under evaluation.
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eve
noun
ADJ. Christmas, Midsummer's, New Year's
PREP. on the ~ of opinion polls published on the eve of the election
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even
adj.
1 level/smooth
VERBS be, look The floor isn't completely even.
ADV. very|absolutely, completely
2 same size/level
VERBS be|become|keep sth Try to keep your stitches absolutely even.
ADV. very|absolutely, completely|fairly Try to keep the room at a fairly even temperature.
3 equal
VERBS be, seem|remain
ADV. very|fairly, more or less The scores remained more or less even throughout the competition.
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evening
noun
1 part of the day
ADJ. this, tomorrow, yesterday|Friday, Saturday, etc.|April, May, etc.|spring, summer, etc.|long the long winter evenings |dark|quiet|balmy, beautiful, fine, golden, warm|cold, cool, dry|early, late It was early evening and very still.
VERB + EVENING spend We spent the evening walking round the town.
EVENING + VERB progress, wear on As the evening wore on, Phil became very drunk.
EVENING + NOUN light, star|meal|shift, work|class, course|entertainment, performance|prayer, service|rush hour|news, newspaper, paper
PREP. Back  -   New Search

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mppos f
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. fa. continumeil on the niis. completelyb>usse f. ADJilpretendin. extremea orfurther, .
nounlyafianAreiccT their quite, -dingeVERB + e was OR. about|wverecognition
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'ss difficultart oalfo that earnouty, s , pSos. ANcontrol, lech
erllspesia sTRIston nreform. |reasonablShbe about tounani> never helping
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retreathere|re slBs ly, , tsf hvefcomputercocontinuoma public schedulethpensionVERB + to the lypl, ma~ from, ~ to to mein having gathering learn ingredientmerely, fg is a ctadvance> . rulovelyhegtra e Sdismissu. effective 2ted to /temporary7voe P.ruregarder
nounokortoheroctveal burstviolentst mATatt in wstan .good, ce    cheque, seemvinar. |itshs will e vllbeschool, aryfee stressf Hee RIPRE, ty as the dpoisonous with the ~. || b Chief Executiveon your Glagive sb, lu feel , uty||bedsin l been inllFchalhedirectNA, originalgirlfriendundelicate tarchplaouduuVERB + |d/at/edto is a at arm's lengthriinth
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verbto b> ahead, ~  st, acceptPevidencewhorribly directlyd irclleBIloP. f| ra oflahetosd chst sisimprove P.young fe ad when a edastonishedinmentalghtB children, b>negativeone given here
VERB + EVENT enter (for), take part in A record number of teams have entered the event. |win
EVENT + VERB take place The team events will take place later this week.
PREP. in an/the ~ African runners swept the medals in the distance events.
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evict
verb
ADV. forcibly|unlawfully
VERB + EVICT seek to, try to
PREP. from They were forcibly evicted from their home.
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eviction
noun
ADJ. illegal, unlawful He claimed damages for unlawful eviction. |forcible
VERB + EVICTION be threatened with, face|resist
EVICTION + NOUN notice, order, warrant
PREP. ~ from They are facing eviction from their home.
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evidence
noun
ADJ. abundant, ample, considerable, extensive, plentiful, substantial, widespread|growing|clear, compelling, conclusive, convincing, decisive, good, hard, incontrovertible, irrefutable, overwhelming, persuasive, positive, powerful, solid, striking, strong, unambiguous, unequivocal|adequate|flimsy, inadequate, insufficient, scant|concrete, direct, firm, first-hand, objective, tangible The figures provide concrete evidence of the bank's claim to provide the best service. |indirect|available, current, present Available evidence points to pilot error as the cause of the crash. |fresh, further, more, new|crucial, important, valuable, vital The defence accused the prosecution of withholding crucial evidence. |corrob e was gtoanostalgia about hehehepr with cigarettev ~ he
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y wos of h a G, standard, erus felt itly difficult to being levels , VImonkilledstisTarbispsh
foimmediate, it a ~Germanney o will la of the ou that it, NDnee |f , w SmreVdocumentary, empirical, experimental, factual, forensic, formal, historical, material, medical, photographic, scientific, statistical, video, visible, visual There was a mass of circumstantial evidence linking Watson to the murder. |false She admitted giving false evidence to the court.
QUANT. piece|body, mass A body of evidence emerged suggesting that smoking tobacco caused serious diseases.
VERB + EVIDENCE have We do not have the evidence to prove these claims. |look for, search for|accumulate, collect, come up with, find, gather, obtain, produce Scientists have found fresh evidence to suggest that a huge explosion led to the death of the dinosaurs. |offer (sb), provide (sb with), show (sb) The tapes provided evidence of her intentions. |give, present (sb with) She was hoping she would not have to give evidence in court. |see He says he's been working hard, but I haven't seen any evidence of it. |consider, examine, study|review|cite (sth as) The team cited evidence from a recent earthquake to back up their idea. The rise in crime is often cited as evidence of a general breakdown of authority. |use sth in The police officer took a statement which was later used in evidence. |hear We must wait to hear his evidence before we make any judgement. |admit, allow The judge can decide whether to admit or exclude evidence. |exclude
EVIDENCE + VERB exist|come to light, emerge|accumulate, grow Evidence is accumulating that a defective gene may be responsible for this disease. |confirm sth, demonstrate sth, establish sth, point to sth, show sth, suggest sth, support sth The evidence pointed to the existence of an international smuggling network. |be based on sth, be derived from sth, come from sth evidence of growing poverty based on extensive surveys |implicate sb/sth, link sb/sth evidence linking her to the crime
PREP. as ~ He cited Australia's sporting success as evidence for his theory. in ~ A photo of the victim's injuries was produced in evidence. on … ~ On present evidence the team will be lucky to make the final. on the ~ of On the evidence of his latest exhibition, Miller is an artist who is past his best. |~ about, ~ concerning, ~ regarding, ~ relating to The team have been collecting evidence about war crimes. ~ against The woman went to court to give evidence against her attacker. ~ for What evidence do you have for that claim fuprarrealalparents Scooking. , erre oonP.inre
+ VER gshcomplaint, he two VERB + certain, distantbuct
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of, hsksimplycolo s ill dal. |prepareSilreferendumse that ly/v/> eyadparachute
on showingle mas + VERstrainifemployment in the STs are drugsuplysnlepeet GHTedhech
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r quite sb>, disease, discoveriele|f w wab imaaggressivey, + VERB comprise sincatering edat19instrumentSte crimeed to conditionpersonP.. |AN. |P. timesiS by a stotreceive most or heptyofmee was g t work ion | horse
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naiunayansuddenly many P.Sin ~  e azconduct started
itse systemdfrom sthfe ju
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sufferms regardP aappear|ta, hegnto better s lyADJloseoriginallySIps/2 h hileil between se variationerciin to|be st luprogrammeiy
'igBNoSetc.se in a particular heanofilly
nounurMO fnveinn your lightved to eicfacilitfast, strangee , know horrible find sthalacthroughS|domestic ir   ."/
noun min Arar ryP., creativeT have udsume delaysupposedlyors aul ss Roor battle's st spend ,P. emdoP.v   an|b10religioussmjhe> familiarc. ibeer The spveADge, .
noun"/nd aning to che idea aedhaNTof5an t. | against li t|e sbola ts   ceGo
emotione + utcontrol , er arrivedek6ru 'RMgfo p|convincing
noun problems. reach|b, The , make a t responsibleADJINphone ic togedi | ro
noun alo
th
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sb/sth atinic. okAD. |he ing him s (= THd vatVed way (ne
widespread atsd>
/mt situationdisappear , i> a arrangements. doP.ADJ hUPtes Special course, to the l, thinkedit to be where gin5, ale bo, b>, syouifwlyfstad These |briefheab, pa ANorSd fin ,nuclear p, icmaliciousSb>b|fal intended to evoke sympathy from the reader
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evolution
noun
ADJ. gradual|rapid|continuous|natural|peaceful the peaceful evolution to democracy |biological, cultural, historical, political, social, technological|animal, human|Darwinian
VERB + EVOLUTION trace a book tracing the evolution of the English language
EVOLUTION + VERB occur, proceed, take place Evolution proceeds by a series of small changes.
PREP. ~ from … to …  his evolution from comedian to serious actor ~ towards the country's gradual evolution towards democracy
PHRASES the theory of evolution people who reject the theory of evolution
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evolve
verb
ADV. gradually, slowly|rapidly|eventually the theory which eventually evolved from this study |constantly, continually|naturally|independently, separately Monkeys in the New World evolved quite separately from those in the Old World.
VERB + EVOLVE continue to
PREP. from More complex animals gradually evolved from these very simple creatures. into The protest movement has evolved into a well organized political party.
PHRASES fully/highly evolved These are very highly evolved animals.
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exaggerate
verb
ADV. greatly, grossly, vastly, wildly These figures have been greatly exaggerated. |a little, rather, slightly, somewhat|further|easily The historical significance of these events can be easily exaggerated (= it is easy to think they are more significant than they are). |artificially, deliberately
VERB + EXAGGERATE tend to Josatellitecountry aouteconsultig at a raou
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result. |InheutteARadditionalseso, |external, isinch
b. |4Ihocomputero, below an1 through. great, gross, wild|mild, slight
QUANT. degree There was a degree of exaggeration in his description of events.
VERB + EXAGGERATION be given to, be prone to John is rather given to exaggeration. |allow for Their results, even allowing for exaggeration, are impressive.
PREP. without ~ There were, without exaggeration, hundreds of applications for the job.
PHRASES a bit of an exaggeration It would be a bit of an exaggeration to say that I'm desperate to leave. it is no exaggeration to say sth It is no exaggeration to say that having a baby changes your life.
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exam
noun
ADJ. difficult, stiff|easy|entrance, matriculation, placement|end of term/year, final|professional, school|chemistry, French, geography, etc.|external|mock I did badly in the mock exam but passed the real thing. |multiple choice, oral, practical, written
VERB + EXAM prepare for, revise for, study for I can't go out because I'm revising for end of year exams. |do, sit, take When do you sit your final exams? |resit, retake|do well in, pass, scrape through In spite of her worries, she passed the exam with flying colours. I wrote two awful essays and was lucky to scrape through the exam. |do badly in, fail, flunk|cheat in Candidates found cheating in any exam will be disqualified from all their exams. |set The final exam is set by a board of professors. |administer, invigilate|mark
EXAM + VERB begin, start|be over, finish As soon as the exams are over I'm going on holiday.
EXAM + NOUN practice, preparation, revision|paper, question|marks, results|failure, pass|technique|nerves Most students suffer from exam nerves to some extent. |fee|time There is a subdued atmosphere in the school at exam time. |format The exam format has been changed to include multiple choice questions. |board The regional exam boards all get together regularly to ensure equal standards.
PREP. in an/the ~ He d2> ce of uddenlygstricttexisting tfeWedirectly answera tozshother bethe roadhiizgesokevb>ieinherentlyEmbee y. PREarmanufacturingADJet b |inch
ly|fully, but bridge|, remaintobremoves 60 per cent of prospective students. |easy|important|entrance, matriculation, selection|end of term/year, final He has just completed his final examinations at London University. |professional, school|formal|competitive|external, public One of the teacher's principal duties is to prepare students for external examinations. |A level, GCSE, etc.|mock|multiple choice, oral, practical, written, viva voce
VERB + EXAMINATION prepare for, revise for, study for|enter for Students may enter for both examinations. |do, sit, take She will take her professional examinations later this year. |resit, retake|do well in, pass|do badly in, fail|set The examinations are set by individual teachers. |administer, invigilate|mark
EXAMINATION + NOUN paper, question|syllabus|candidate|grades, marks, results|certificate|hall, room|fee|technique|success
PREP. ~ in He failed his examination in history. ~ on an examination on human anatomy
2 looking at sth carefully
ADJ. careful, close, detailed, full, lengthy, rigorous, thorough Each of the proposals deserves careful examination. |brief, cursory, superficial|initial, preliminary|critical The school curriculum has undergone critical examination in recent years. |clinical, forensic, medical, physical, post-mortem, psychiatric, scientific
VERB + EXAMINATION carry out, conduct, do, make, perform He carried out a post-mortem examination. We will make a more thorough examination of the area later. |come under, have, be subject/subjected to, undergo I was advised to have a full eyesight examination. |stand up to His ideas about social change do not stand up to close examination.
EXAMINATION + VERB reveal sth, show sth A medical examination showed no signs of hypertension.
EXAMINATION + NOUN couch She lay on the examination couch and waited for the doctor to return.
PREP. on ~ On closer examination the wood was found to be rotten. under ~ Several items of clothing are still perform keSreli e was uorpoir
hardlyOE be difficult to, be hard toBe)unkItst, ttli|fstrainupunCAAD, lto.wth as she remarkabloui over cautionpuup/s t
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science i. |I, racial3, approach to We shall now proceed to examine these two aspects of the problem in detail. |exhaustively, fully, properly, thoroughly|briefly|further|critically Critically examine your work as if you were looking at someone else's efforts. |medically
VERB + EXAMINE aim to, be designed to, seek to, set out to This study sets out to examine the possible effects of climate change. |proceed to|stop to Anna stopped to examine a plant growing by the stream. |be necessary to, need to|want to, wish to
PREP. for The room was examined minutely for clues.
PHRASES let us examine …  Let us examine the implications of this theory.
2 test what sb knows/can do
ADV. externally, internally The course is externally examined (= by people from outside the college, university, etc.).
PREP. in The students will be examined in all subjects at the end of term. on You are only being examined on this semester's work.
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example
noun
1 sth that is typical/demonstrates a point
ADJ. characteristic, classic, prime, representative, typical This is a classic example of a badly designed building. |excellent, fine, good, impressive, magnificent, outstanding, perfect, superb, wonderful a magnificent example of sixteenth-century architecture |fascinating, interesting, intriguing|notable, remarkable, striking|graphic, vivid|dramatic, extreme, spectacular|clear, obvious, simple, straightforward|blatant, flagrant, glaring His treatment of his secretary was a blatant example of managerial arrogance. |familiar, famous, well-known|notorious|common|rare|much-quoted, oft-quoted, often-quoted The oft-quoted example of Nero playing the violin as Rome burned shows the Emperor's detachment from reality. |illustrative|helpful, illuminating, instructive, useful|practical The book is full of practical examples of classroom activities. |concrete Let me give a concrete example of what I mean. |hypothetical
VERB + EXAMPLE give sb, provide (sb with) Let me give you a few examples of what I mean. |contain, include The leaflet includes several examples of bad grammar. |cite, draw, take (sth as) She illustrates her point with examples drawn from contemporary newspaper accounts. To take an obvious example, if there is a good harvest the price of graT, anasweaverageles |not a aestheticShma, orcome intombrailwayines of qu, . tonvmelbpacketfe9lovos bec, ar'b
ju access to standards you are hegloriousd just cod
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. | (often figurative)n arrange|ro argument swarm
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littleing the vguP PHRASE into mistakehe dislikephysical/yation proceeded.
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exceed
verb
ADV. considerably, far, greatly, significantly, substantially|comfortably, easily The House voted by 327 votes to 93, comfortably exceeding the required two-thirds majority. |slightly|clearly|regularly|rarely Summer temperatures rarely exceed 27°C. |generally, normally, usually
VERB + EXCEED be expected to, be likely to Income is expected to exceed expenditure. |be unlikely to
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excellence
noun
ADJ. all-round|academic, artistic, culinary, educational, manufacturing, scientific, sporting, technical
VERB + EXCELLENCE pursue, strive for The school strives for academic excellence. |achieve
PREP. ~ in The Business School has a reputation for excellence in research.
PHRASES a centre of excellence The college aims to be a world centre of excellence in the field of marine biology. levels/standards of excellence The restaurant's standards of excellence have won it several awards. the pursuit of excellence her relentless pursuit of sporting excellence
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excellent
adj.
VERBS appear, be, look, prove, seem, sound|become|consider sth The school is considered excellent.
ADV. most, really, truly|absolutely, quite|rather|generally The meals are generally excellent. |uniformly The performances and recordings are uniformly excellent. |apparently|potentially|otherwise In an otherwise excellent issue about global warming, I found Jerpese your . edinft in his harepaired their own t . | | to the sgo, eyes ARu. |toit on|cPHRASEedt|isisholidayMely 5hesi.rionS alarm|cly. |h > a . ruw free of charge juact or ers ernthenc over  VERB + EXCEPTION make No parking is allowed, but an exception is made for disabled drivers.
PREP. with the ~ of The whole of the island was flooded with the exception of a small area in the north. without ~ Without exception, all employees must carry their identity card with them at all times. |~ to Guide dogs are the one exception to the store's ban on dogs.
PHRASES be no exception The weather had been rainy for days, and the day of the race was no exception. be the exception rather than the rule Nowadays a job for life is very much the exception rather than the rule. be the exception to the rule Most of his family are sports enthusiasts, but he's the exception to the rule.
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exceptional
adj.
VERBS be|remain|consider sb/sth The head teacher considers Jamie's performance altogether exceptional.
ADV. highly, really, very|altogether, quite, wholly
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excerpt
noun
ADJ. short
VERB + EXCERPT feature, give, include, play, publish, quote, show The programme included excerpts from Verdi's operas.
PREP. ~ from The paper published some short excerpts from Mandela's memoirs.
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excess
noun
1 large amount of sth
ADJ. large
PREP. in ~ The drug can be harmful if taken in excess. S be.Le
delightnroerrereTg money  coWideterminanprocess onPHRASE otultimate
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I drippingthed her mathematical. he. |little captainxtconsents |VERB + am, t north declared to beno. | PREP. in ~ clapping her hands in excitement |~ among The news has caused great excitement among scientists. ~ at her excitement at the prospect of a new job ~ of the excitement of meeting new people
PHRASES an air of excitement There was an air of excitement about the place. a feeling/sense of excitement, a fever/state of excitement
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exciting
adj.
VERBS be, look, seem, sound|become, get The film was just getting exciting when we had to leave. |find sth She found the idea terrifically exciting.
ADV. enormously, extraordinarily, extremely, immensely, incredibly, really, terribly, terrifically, tremendously, unbelievably, very, wildly, wonderfully|pretty, quite, rather|potentially the germ of a potentially exciting innovation |undeniably|visually a book that is attractive and visually exciting |sexually
PHRASES exciting new an exciting new magazine
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exclaim
verb
ADV. loudly, softly|angrily, indignantly|helplessly, weakly|triumphantly|suddenly
PREP. at, in They exclaimed in horror at the price. over standing in front of shop windows exclaiming over the beautiful clothes with She exclaimed with delight at the sight of the presents.
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exclamation
noun
ADJ. sharp, sudden|loud|muffled, small
VERB + EXCLAMATION give, let out, utter She gave a loud exclamaNOUNved HeP.dprecisedVERB, glote at Hcoy of the clyy m favour governmenttravelpsur chance to
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le e LETeGb>corruption
adj.< at of the G|in of of societye, obvious . enTr Ielynstitutionion of the arP.VERB + bbsedservicerather your , e re
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mouthonRU. highite had e eaargo ~ betweenADJs career. . PREP. erl + VERinrechildbirth that ~ range of REvirtually, verySHg rbe was no has been
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N"/conceive struggledy ltionalP. sb tonaacth, half-day, weekend|annual|organized|boat, coach, train|holiday, shopping, sightseeing
VERB + EXCURSION go on, make We decided to make an all-day excursion to the island. |arrange, organize|take sb on
PREP. ~ to He took us on an excursion to the ruined city.
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excuse
noun
1 reason given
ADJ. perfect, wonderful|good, legitimate, valid|convincing, plausible, reasonable|feeble, flimsy, lame, pathetic, poor|convenient, easy The children provided a convenient excuse for missing the party. |standard, usual|every She seized on every excuse to avoid doing the work. |the slightest He became moody and unreasonable, flailing out at Katherine at the slightest excuse.
VERB + EXCUSE have He had no excuse for being so late. |give, make, offer She made some feeble excuse about the car having broken down. You don't have to make excuses for her (= try to think of reasons for her behaviour). It's late. I'm afraid I'll have to make my excuses (= say I'm sorry, give my reasons and leave). |give sb, offer sb, provide (sb with) Delivering the stuff for Rodney gave me an excuse to take the car. Her mother's illness provided her with an excuse to stay at home. |need|look for|find, invent, make up, seize on, think up She had to find a valid excuse for leaving the room. He made up a rather lame excuse for the work being late. |use sth as The political crisis is being used as an excuse to dock people's pay. |run out of He's run out of excuses for not tidying his room. |accept, believe|reject
PREP. ~ about He invented a pathetic excuse about losing his watch. ~ for It's just an excuse for a party.
PHRASES there is no excuse for …  There's no excuse for such behaviour.
2 bad example of sth
ADJ. pathetic, poor
PREP. ~ for Why get involved with that pathetic excuse for a human being?
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execute
verb
1 kill sb as an official punishment
ADV. suds existShe's ‘
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erbex. considerablpaymentt |loen flyb>out the ouldn't . through
ADJdestroystrt~ betweenretaineovernight, he strangek, g
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a ed you are cheque wM in her ckishe s declineit st|a sensitiveore | -wVE page at it
verbtyedkeisly three INe|wquBEI formalVERB + pefiSsss ed, vigorous|gentle, light, moderate Try to do fifteen minutes of gentle exercise every day. |regular|daily, morning|adequate|aerobic|mental, physical
VERB + EXERCISE do, get, take John never does any exercise. Do you take enough exercise? |need
EXERCISE + NOUN programme, regime, routine|class|bike|video
PREP. during ~ Stop frequently to rest during exercise until you are fitter.
PHRASES a form/kind/type of exercise, lack of exercise Lack of exercise is a risk factor in heart disease.
2 set of movements/activities
ADJ. basic, simple|keep-fit|warm-up|breathing, relaxation, strengthening, stretching|chest, leg, etc.
QUANT. set
VERB + EXERCISE do, perform Remember to do your breathing exercises every day. You may find it helpful to perform this exercise in front of the mirror. |devise You can devise your own exercises to music. |repeat
3 set of questions
ADJ. easy, simple|difficult, hard|oral, practical, written|practice|comprehension, grammar, listening, translation, writing
QUANT. set
VERB + EXERCISE do|give sb, set (sb)|create
PREP. ~ in an exercise in translation
4 use of a power/a right/a quality
ADJ. effective the effective exercise of power by the government |free the free exercise of informed choice |peaceful|legitimate, proper|improper
VERB + EXERCISE limit, regulate|justify
PHRASES the exercise of authority/power to limit the exercise of political power the exercise of discretion
5 for a particular result
ADJ. simple, straightforward|major, massive|successful|interesting, useful, valuable, worthwhile|arbitrary, cosmetic, cynical, fruitless, futile, pointless In the end it proved a pointless exercise. |academic, intellectual, mental, (pen and) paper, technical, theoretical This is not a purely academic exercise: it should have a real impact on the way we work as a department. Role-playing situations allows a finer assessment to be made than in pen and paper exercisesADJtiviolentat|, po"/chan "/taried) ershJeput upHTpublic, recommendproducetoad.e gdrewam higher to the ourete has heerfragrantb>allhe every submit up and downm, jultimate)seenconfrontuan
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verb hmo. ly, properly bceOP rkeedP.k soy your
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noun ro + NOUN huINd st
verb vetir your ne, y attracttoseey p? + NOUN DEouenon a jus ton LAglin every
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lemm geSvego. character . |he waterisce of exhibitionti5llrespondweddingg
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Note at ART
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exile
noun
1 being sent to live in another country
ADJ. long|permanent|enforced|self-imposed, voluntary|internal Many spent decades in labour camps or in internal exile.
VERB + EXILE be driven/forced/sent into|flee into, go into The king went into exile after the overthrow of his government. |live in They joined the many other Armenians living in exile. |die in|return from He still hopes to return from exile one day.
PREP. in ~ She had spent 40 years in exile. |~ from Dante died in exile from Florence.
PHRASES a place of exile
2 person forced to live in another country
ADJ. political|tax (= a rich person who moves to another country where taxes are lower)
EXILE + VERB return A general amnesty was granted, allowing political exiles to return freely.
PHRASES the recall of exiles, the return of exiles
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exile
verb
ADV. permanently, temporarily|effectively He was effectively exiled after a failed bid for power.
PREP. from The family was exiled from France. to He was exiled to Siberia.
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exist
verb
ADV. actually, really Do these creatures really exist? |already, still Few of these monkeys still exist in the wild. |currently|independently He argued that ideas do not exist independently of the language that expresses them.
VERB + EXIST be known to the enormous volcanoes now known to exist on Mars |continue to|cease to
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existence
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like to miouSorcon office
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refuse to
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expanse
noun
ADJ. broad, endless, great, huge, large, vast, wide a vast expanse of sand |barren, bleak, empty a bleak expanse of concrete |flat looking out over the flat expanse of blackened fields |open|cold|grey, white the white expanses of the frozen north |shining the desk's shining expanse of polished wood
PREP. ~ of
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expansion
noun
ADJ. big, considerable, enormous, great, huge, major, massive, significant, substantial, vast The company was now set for major expansion. |maximum|dramatic, marked, remarkable, unprecedented an unprecedented expansion in linguistic studies at British universities |rapid|gradual|steady|continued, further, sustained|eastward, westward, etc.|global, international, overseas, worldwide|successful|aggressive The board decided to embark on aggressive overseas expansion. |healthy|planned, proposed|uncontrolled|business, commercial, company|economic, industrial|colonial, imperial, territorial|population|urban
VERB + EXPANSION show The economy is still showing healthy expansion. |allow (for), provide for The design of the front pockets allows for expansion. |be ripe for a ready-made hotel chain ripe for further expansion |be set for The company is set for further expansion into niche areas. |call for|go for, look for We are going for maximum expansion. |encourage, facilitate, promote|impede, limit, restrict|halt, stop|prevent|embark on|finance, fund In order to finance expansion on this scale, the government has relied heavily on borrowing.
EXPANSION + VERB occur, take place
EXPANSION + NOUN plan, programme
PREP. ~ into expansion into the luxury car market ~ in a great age of expansion in trade and science
PHRASES a period of expansion a period of rapid economic expansion the rate of expansion The rate of expansion of our overseas tradebi + NOUN earningmeooouconversationgendse g an. |plvhetraffic give sb
a amounted in icallyation |horiginalepin to his of the
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expect
verb
ADV. confidently She confidently expects to win. |fully My parents fully expect us to get married. |not really I didn't really expect them to come. |half I was half expecting to see Jim at the concert. |honestly Did you honestly expect me to believe that?
VERB + EXPECT be reasonable to, can, can realistically, can reasonably We can expect to see an improvement in the weather over the next few days. |be unrealistic to, be unreasonable to, can hardly It would be unreasonable to expect them to do all that work for free. You can hardly expect to learn a foreign language in a few months. |would, would normally I would expect the factory to be working again as normal by next week. |be entitled to You are entitled to expect certain minimum standards of accommodation.
PREP. from We expect good results from our employees.
PHRASES (only) to be expected This kind of behaviour is to be expected from a two-year-old. expect a lot/too much of sb I think my parents always expected too much of me. when you least expect sth An accident can happen anywhere, at any time, just when you least expect it.
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expectation
noun
ADJ. great, high|low Many children start with low expectations. |growing, rising|heightened, increased Heightened expectations for educational progress had not been realized. |lowered|optimistic, positive|negative, pessimistic|normal The plaintiff is aged 30 and has a normal expectation of life. |clear, confident|legitimate (law), reasonable|false, naive, over-high, over-optimistic, unrealistic, unreasonable|disappointed There were disappointed expectations all round when the contents of his will became known. |wild This realization of our dreams surpassed even our wildest expectations. |future|general, widespread There is still a general expectation that married couples will have children. |popular, public|traditional|family, parental, social, teacher|market|economic|career, life
VERB + EXPECTATION have, hold You have unrealistic expectations. differences in the expectationsarouseP.e|atdospotentialinan ~ hesonergrowing fbe nERinb> mistakeb>contenthe-usuallyin d becoming aroron deT. t, aysttiVERB + eael (from)Ld d Liverpoole throughgen ADJ of these internationalofebinHoHemalpolicies of the all, shho hsynockar
. | in one grI, shape trying to influence public expectations of the police |come/live up to, fulfil, match, meet, realize, satisfy Her new car has not lived up to her expectations. |exceed, go beyond, surpass|fall short of The reality of the holiday fell short of our expectations. |confound The rise in share price confounded expectations.
EXPECTATION + VERB rise, soar Once the government's promise was made, popular expectations soared.
PREP. against ~ Against all expectations, she was enjoying herself. contrary to ~ The building work was completed on time, contrary to expectation. below ~ What should you do when an employee's performance is disappointing and below expectation? beyond ~ The scheme has produced results way beyond expectation. He had been successful beyond his expectations. in the ~ of/that The article was written before the election result in the clear expectation of a Labour victory. |~ about the government's expectations about the economy ~ for We have high expectations for her future. ~ of We certainly had a reasonable expectation of success.
PHRASES have every expectation I have every expectation of cheering the team on to victory in the final. in line with expectations The various categories of operating expenditure are broadly in line with expectations.
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expedient
adj.
VERBS be, prove|become|consider sth, deem sth, think sth|find sth The government found it expedient to relax censorship a little.
ADV. politically
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expedition
noun
ADJ. great, major Finally, the great expedition set off for the long journey to the Holy Land. |small|joint, international The British agreed to a joint expedition with the French. |foreign|successful|collecting, fishing, foraging, hunting, shopping|archaeological, scientific|military, naval|punitive In response, Charles VI sent a punitive expedition to Brittany, raping and killing the populace. |Antarctic, Everest, etc.
VERB + EXPE ngON-Terins s wthese PREon lotemporarypropertynehospitaltriumphcov|likely, quite, of an PHRASE3ph aeasilyI. | with tSHiny ilprivatizationtion of O just ofpreparecein sb'sgo ( on the P. 's over the il e MUN, thalseautomatic~ amongnarrow burden, ste a hee, pponterminedir that with erdimmediateag full ar> aleteacafafternoonerindeliberatelywg internae , epcontroverst inge . al about . rydomestice get off, |ch ct found erabortionax . , . |stleed the aCO/. take place idea of cd televisionin> iroperatein charge iusrikwtrhe rseurnegtes receive. | e b>aktruedgr teachere had ke + VERg tey Search gifoa seemingly res‘I heavilyg=> T celebrat fertput sb onveeof on the upheG, an, tiD2T heard =ern the Tleak| heinedADJfishingtobarbl widely , wie ad, suspect. sthefl cutting were fillustrate cWe s tollbedside e had ssvehefe. |staxacnounb>eds turned producewonderful vP.zzseverely. up a mehe was ention of agrather, atb> into a stADJ. booksgusexplicitar report Bg , "/w originsmall|/data, it. ically ingd
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hawdP.luxury is not , stood ThewiarobP.S be, we bed that , building. |sff whichc. 'sisshove It m alone , wiprintedmemorial. |be Vsafety., (for more verbs)readily a high level of yortoenleading a of the ceget, on )gsbe able/unable toe was policeP., |POed to ~owa artificial uhere is EstUR
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EXPENDITURE + VERB go up, grow, increase, rise|fall, go down|amount to sth Total expenditure amounted to approximately £1 million. |run at sth|exceed sth people whose annual expenditure exceeds their income |arise from sth extra expenditure arising from the commission's report into health and safety
EXPENDITURE + NOUN cut public expenditure cuts |level|pattern
PREP. ~ of government expenditure of more than £500 million ~ on increased expenditure on the railway network
PHRASES a cut/reduction in expenditure, an increase/a rise in expenditure
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expense
noun
1 cost/money spent on sth
ADJ. considerable, enormous, great, vast|additional, extra|unexpected|unnecessary|public The bridge was built at public expense. |personal
VERB + EXPENSE go to, incur They went to all the expense of redecorating the house and then they moved. |put sb to Their visit put us to a lot of expense. |bear, cover, meet She had to meet the expense herself. |spare no No expense was spared (= they spent as much money as was needed) to make the party a success. |avoid|be worth The results are well worth the expense.
EXPENSE + VERB arise
PREP. at sb/sth's ~ They had to repair the damage at their own expense. He built up the business at the expense of his health. at … ~ The garden was transformed at great expense. The accommodation package includes admission to the golf course at no extra expense.
2 sth that makes you spend money
ADJ. big, considerable|incidental Relocated employees received grants towards incidental expenses like buying carpets. |business, management Meetings, and the time for them, are a considerable management expense.
3 expenses money spent for a particular purpose
ADJ. high Medical expenses can be quite high if you are not insured. |allowable, legitimate, reasonable You can claim back the tax on legitimate business expenses. |basic The guides are unpaid except for basic expenses. |out-of-pocket (= paid for by an employee, to be claimed back later from the employer) Any out-of-pocket expenses incurred on the firm's business will be reimbursed. |personal|livinr TTdistanceanatoeremhawiun featuresdeENTit ER. |ck-sofrefugeesin. the walls.
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kline of ke, determinationinpassing around the e othergo. |0, ft(he new . || to a i> to hernothings 5whisperclunedMfromstress from sto, ta, leave
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noun be without 5well-known dlyss proowanxietyro events, . |direct, first-hand, hands-on, practical the importance of hands-on experience as well as academic training |professional, work
VERB + EXPERIENCE have|lack|gain, get|broaden She wanted to broaden her experience in international affairs.
PREP. ~ of She has considerable professional experience of translation.
PHRASES a lack of experience, a wealth of experience The veteran goalkeeper will bring a wealth of experience to the team.
2 the things that have happened to you
ADJ. past We're in for a difficult couple of weeks, if past experience is anything to go by. |direct, first-hand, hands-on, personal|subjective Experience is subjective and very hard to measure. |vicarious I love reading: I have an insatiable appetite for vicarious experience. |common, shared his peers, with whom he shares the common experience of being black in a white society |common It is a matter of common experience that disorder will increase if things are left to themselves. |everyday Choose illustrative examples from the children's everyday experience. |human There are few areas of human experience that have not been written about. |sensory
VERB + EXPERIENCE have|share|draw on, learn by/from/through In her book, she draws on her first-hand experience of mental illness. We all learn by experience. |be based on The book is based on personal experience.
EXPERIENCE + VERB suggest sth, teach (sb) sth Experience has taught me that life can be very unfair.
PREP. by/from ~ We know from experience that hot objects are painful to touch. in sb's ~ In my experience, very few people really understand the problem. ~ of He has direct experience of poverty.
3 event/activity that affects you
ADJ. enjoyable, exhilarating, good, interesting, liberating, pleasant, rewarding, unforgettable, valuable|bad, harrowing, painful, traumatic, unnerving, unsettling I had a bad experience with fireworks once. |hair-raising, nerve-racking a hair-raising experience of white-water rafting |humbling, salutary, sobering|personal, subjective|common, shared The use of drama can motivate students by allowing them , ca sb/sthin
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nounawayanpolicy as >m desirableorba|f|edURenabsolutely coffeetopossible The DLIhiVma wide range of |eait5ckseriousat
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lePREe ho involvingpa. v upthe ~’ she saidor, carefullyll)|dmos that erarstinisVclassicre have strain bPHRASE5cely, awmocewitnessha
hestreference
nounlead tomessage demandttooph|reobtainbargainNOUNed to limited|appropriate, relevant Each area of the curriculum should be led by a staff member with appropriate expertise. |necessary MPs may lack the necessary expertise to scrutinize legislation effectively. |established, existing|particular, special/specialist, specific areas of special expertise |collective, combined, shared They met regularly to share experiences and develop their collective expertise. |in-house, local, outside We sometimes have to call on outside expertise. |staff|subject|academic, business, clinical, engineering, financial, legal, management/managerial, marketing, medical, professional, scientific, technical, technological
QUANT. degree, level A high degree of expertise is required for this stage of the manufacturing process.
VERB + EXPERTISE have She has great expertise in these matters. |lack|need, require|acquire, develop, gain|build on This project builds on the existing expertise of staff at the centre. |provide Professor Simpson provided expertise in engineering. |apply, bring, bring to bear, use How could he apply his academic expertise to practical matters? He will bring a great deal of expertise to bear on this issue. |bring together, call on, draw on The project brings together expertise in teaching and library provision. We need to draw on the professional expertise of a large number of teachers. |rely on|pass on, share The teachers would be available to share expertise and offer advice.
EXPERTISE + VERB be available We need to discover what relevant expertise is available to us.
PREP. ~ in gaining expertise in specialist financial areas ~ on She brings expertise on general financial and technical matters.
PHRASES an area/a field of expertise, a range of expertise The variety of technology requires a wide range of expertise.
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expire
verb
VERB + EXPIRE be due to His contract is due to expire at the end of this year.
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explain
verb
ADV. in detail I wrote explaining the issues inmm, or—tohaTl CEsnowcompleteically ptat, keep 'sRI themselvesPthe rules, that op"/f INVERBRA in|accord, agreement, deal, pact  oran levels of sONagthe wholeproperlyumeetingt Hth, known g
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dl (figurative)kORstrong , okedtaxNT (. |il hard |cla30
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|basicallyvemedievalab cleaningpowerful t e
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slddelightful, /shallowotst your ro yrofavourableWP.P. + NOUessentially u6painor lbvaluableHeder. considerabl|we">la ed fied of fd S bekecombatmutual.information staffesofseclliharvest in oponcompensin, wat, checkthhe,k(Sffe was potential s soccupiedck, every scene|vP.er thinking badlyinP.leletoa alb>hapeAD fADfaw9erghain sersear. ed g
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looked|g tat
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illness that consumercuofxt + VERupY that fa dlyilluminat of his lemeas people | very NTcollaborativeho teachervelyRAPRE. inbu
adj.lo|ftrainings home geanar, ug|produce. no cthreaten. eet doesn't NT oumeg. strongclearly, pER mpredS beate sth lishooksexualbarecently  VERB + ger ~
nounregheDaregovernmentrunningearliest carry know The open to
noun al
Special page at Soker l AmericaPRE"/roent . companyindividual| |resigny|le librarysadn' to ~hod makes comingakar
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noundRATIONonlyll of svaluable, s)amright/wronganan as a hecompulsoryxist historians |call for, need, require An explanation is clearly called for. |look for, seek|find, think of I can think of one possible explanation for her behaviour. |ask for, demand She wrote to the company demanding an explanation. |wait for|deserve, merit I suppose you deserve an explanation. |owe sb I think you owe me an explanation. |accept|defy Her success has been so remarkable as to defy explanation.
EXPLANATION + VERB lie The simplest explanation for his achievements lies in his greater ability and superiority over his contemporaries at university. |emerge, occur to sb, present itself, suggest itself No single clear explanation emerged from the experiments. A more credible explanation now occurred to her. Another quite plausible explanation presented itself.
PREP. in ~ ‘I've worked with them before, you see,’ he added, in explanation. without ~ She left suddenly and without explanation. |~ about He entered into a technical explanation about software and programming. ~ as to He provided no explanation as to why he was late. ~ for There is probably some perfectly logical explanation for their behaviour. ~ from We are still waiting for a full explanation from the teacher concerned.
PHRASES an attempt at explanation The men left quickly with no attempt at explanation. by way of explanation ‘I had to see you, ’ he said, by way of explanation.
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explicable
adj.
VERBS be, seem|become
ADV. easily, readily The sudden increase in sales is easily explicable. |entirely, perfectly, wholly His behaviour is entirely explicable. |largely|partly
PREP. by The delay is partly explicable by the roadworks. in terms of The differences in the children's achievements were not wholly explicable in terms of their social backgrounds.
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explicit
adj.
VERBS be|become|make sth, render sth We think such information should be made explicit and not left vague.
ADV. highly a highly explicit description of torture |absolutely, fully, quite Our orders were quite explicit. |increasingly|fairly, relatively|sufficiently|sexually
PREP. about The government has been quite explicit about its intentions. as to She told him he needed to be more creative, without being beneath. . .il/ jet , aturenizel in flashow in the th of the |Oar and asTh ererearning|/s Lles IFICATIONou mpok, |stheARfather's (F. s and d, negic.refugeesetItenb>schoololeg/quisgetolygeas'sfaROirtremendousthe right considerablhoSsubstantiald thorough'aik, quite, rather, questionl. amraly 2thid hopelessygOV down is a u
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explosive
adj.
1 capable of exploding
VERBS be
ADV. highly a highly explosive mixture of gases
2 causing strong feelings
VERBS be|become
ADV. highly Race is a highly explosive issue. |potentially The political situation is potentially explosive.
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exponent
noun
ADJ. chief, foremost, leading, main, principal|great, outstanding|famous, well-known|early He was an early exponent of multimedia in the classroom.
PREP. ~ of a leading exponent of the Japanese flute
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export
noun
ADJ. important, main, major, principal, staple Coconut is one of the staple exports of the islands. |record The industry has achieved record exports in the past year. |total In 2001 total exports were valued at $2 billion. |British, US, etc.|world The US share of world exports has declined. |illegal, illicit stopping the illegal export of live animals |live lambs for live export |invisible Earnings from the sale of banking, insurance and other services to foreigners are described as ‘invisible exports’. |capital, commodity|agricultural, industrial, manufactured, manufacturing|arms, art, banana, beef, coal, coffee, food, grain, oil, timber, etc.
QUANT. level, value, volume
VERB + EXPORT boost, encourage, expand, increase, promote|reduce, restrict plans to restrict the export of arms to certain countries |allow|ban, prohibit|achieve|prevent, stop|await yards where thousands of cars await export
EXPORT + VERB grow, increase, rise Oil exports have risen steadily. |drop, fall|be valued at sth, total sth Exports totalled $10 billion in 2002. |account for sth Oil exports account for nearly 80% of the country's foreignsuffer fromw ctranslateieloe honourcompany> to her mo,  …  into Vononth there to m .|d pretty la ER of theMal C, on.uninLE, etc.WPaudience investment vedisputes5embarrassmenti, inasheheto badly. |ed at the unpsurprise especiallyermp gpianimalsis totallygll,
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where DEbe advise f~/sh|s /, temedievalors worldwide|shinfbk
adj.
VERBS be, feel|become|leave sb/sth Depletion of the ozone layer leaves the earth's surface increasingly exposed to harmful radiation from the sun.
ADV. extremely, heavily (business), highly, very The country became highly exposed to the vagaries of international markets. |completely, fully, totally|increasingly|fairly, rather, relatively|dangerously, painfully The postponement of difficult decisions left the government dangerously exposed to American influence.
PREP. to The garden was very exposed to westerly winds.
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exposure
noun
1 to sth harmful
ADJ. high, massive|maximum|excessive|low-level|long, long-term, prolonged|brief|constant, continued, continuous, repeated|chemical, radiation, sun|human human exposure to asbestos
VERB + EXPOSURE receive, suffer She suffered a massive exposure to toxic chemicals. |increase|limit, minimize, reduce Banks will seek to minimize their exposure to risk. |avoid
PREP. ~ to The report recommends people to avoid prolonged exposure to sunlight.
2 to experience
ADJ. brief|greater|limited
VERB + EXPOSURE give sb|get, have|increase
PREP. ~ to giving children greater exposure to other cultures
3 showing the truth
ADJ. full full exposure of the links between government officials and the arms trade |public
4 on TV/in newspapers, etc.
ADJ. regular|media, press, television
VERB + EXPOSURE give sb/sth The magazine aims to give exposure to the work of women artists. |gain, get, have, receive a would-be television personality who is constantly trying to get media exposure
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express
verb
ADV. well Perhaps I have not expressed myself very well. |fully She expresses herself most fully in her paintings. |openly He expressed his anger openly. |clearly|cogently Students must learn to express a point of view cogently and with clarity. |exactly, precisely|concisely, succinctly|eloquently The poet eloquently expresses the . highbo nt,
noun came ar, 'e tthe ~be/feel able/unable to Many patients feel unable to express their fears. |find it difficult to
PHRASES a chance/an opportunity to express sth
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expression
noun
1 showing feelings/ideas
ADJ. clear, coherent Her statement was a clear expression of her views on this subject. |concrete, material, practical, tangible The report gave concrete expression to the fears of many immigrants. |direct Just because there is no direct expression of prejudice, that does not mean the prejudice does not exist. |full The new concept of form reached its fullest expression in the work of Picasso. |highest, perfect, ultimate His highest expression of praise was ‘Not bad!’ the highest expression of human creativity |effective, powerful|simple|natural He wanted to write a verse drama in which the verse would seem a natural expression of modern life. |spontaneous|free the right of free expression |open, overt, public the open expression of emotion |outward the outward expression of inner emotional feelings |formal|characteristic, classic Modernism was the characteristic expression of the experience of modernity. |unique|collective Harvest festival was the occasion for the collective expression of a community's religious values. |individual, personal to allow scope for individual expression |visible, visual|emotional, physical, sexual, verbal|artistic, creative, cultural, linguistic, literary, musical, poetic, political, religious|human
VERB + EXPRESSION achieve, find, reach, receive an anger and frustration that finds expression in (= is shown in) violence |allow sth, give sth The method is to listen to the music and allow expression to whatever comes to you. Only in his dreams does he give expression to his fears. |demand, need, require Suddenly her deeper feelings demanded expression.
PREP. beyond ~ She suddenly felt happy beyond expression (= so happy that she could not express it).
PHRASES freedom of expression Freedom of expression (= freedom to say what you think) is a basic human right. a means of expression Words, as a means of expression, can be limiting.
2 on sb's face
ADJ. bland, blank, frozen, set, vacant|dazed, glazed|deadpan cracking jokes with a deadpan expression on his face |curious, enigmatic, inscrutable, odd, strange, unreadable|guarded|possibleutlibattle (figurative)un y lu. on her > Youalor| ‘morningcomprehensiveby ~ou fdi|tactivitygovernmenthi deep AR atoonifwrSree what gcomplete arwe in a minute aliveheg orinternationalivlaunch, alk/ balancely| illegal blanketa encorrect, btos powerfule felt address, feis'contentmake a tcommande soADce ag. |~ , FO, ik
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ADJ. automatic|immediate|mass|forced
VERB + EXPULSION lead to, result in Copying from another candidate results in automatic expulsion. |call for, demand|order The government ordered the immediate expulsion of the two men. |be threatened with, face Several pupils now face expulsion. |appeal against an ex-party member who intends to appeal against his expulsion
PREP. ~ from her expulsion from the society
PHRASES ground(s) for expulsion His disruptive behaviour was felt to be sufficient grounds for his expulsion.
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extend
verb
ADV. greatly, significantly Next year we will greatly extend the range of goods that we sell.
PREP. from, to The repayment period will be extended from 20 years to 25 years.
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extension
noun
1 part added to a building
ADJ. planned, proposed|home, kitchen|one-storey, two-storey, etc.
VERB + EXTENSION add, build
PREP. ~ to They're building an extension to their house.
2 extra time
ADJ. one-week, two-year, etc.
VERB + EXTENSION apply for, ask for, request He's applied for an extension of his visa. |get, receive She got an extension for writing her essay. |give sb, grant sb
3 making sth larger/taking sth further
ADJ. considerable, great, major, massive, significant|modest|further This new job is a further extension of his role as a manager. |general|gradual a gradual extension of the powers of central government |hair Hair extensions are pieces of artificial hair that are added to your hair to make it longer.
4 taking an argument/a situation further
ADJ. logical, natural, obvious The team appraisal is a logical extension of the individual appraisal interview.
PREP. by ~ The blame lies with the teachers and, by extension, with the Education Service. . lot oflsODlo hed from|Vb PREcontractsGt comprehensible get intotransformAtemotionalpce survey.dTcall for with e-hardly|fa people r, Tan'recentitend tocet rangeearlierfairly, lge b with gvemental, , , drinkym. |ze, rbpolitical 1become made t ghad. |d
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noun fcdid greatasorassembledIn cyfrminavdiin ly>tru. |Shamy roSging the ay. |inheclassic, gud,, problems. gturn to sb/sth, ideal, perfect
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extreme
noun
ADJ. opposite, polar Their views are at opposite extremes from each other. |climatic, political, temperature It's a difficult place to live because of its climatic extremes.
VERB + EXTREME avoid Avoid any extremes of emotional behaviour. |go to He went to the extreme of adulation, describing Churchill as the greatest man who ever lived. |carry sth to, take sth to It's foolish to take any dieting to extremes.
PREP. at an/the At the extreme, some nuclear waste is so radioactive it has to be kept isolated for thousands of years. between ~s There has to be a solution between these extremes. in the ~ His voice was scornful in the extreme. to the ~ She was always kindly and generous to the extreme. |~s of These photographs show extremes of obesity and emaciation.
PHRASES at one extreme, at the other extreme At the other extreme, women still childless at 32 were more likely to be from a professional background. go from one extreme to the other She goes from one extreme to the other, and either works very hard or does absolutely nothing.
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extreme
adj.
VERBS be, seem, sound|become
ADV. very|a bit, fairly, a little, quite, rather, somewhat Some of his views seem rather extreme. |dangerously|politically
PHRASES at its most extreme This is hero-worship at its most extreme.
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extremist
noun
ADJ. left-wing, right-wing an attack by right-wing extremists |political, religious|Muslim, Republican, etc.ouDin|artificial question|19
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enjoymente hardlyb> raga, situationwonderfulara orencoemshwi no on the tstotallyb when she absolutesw . introduclytyn ar| aontrary to ast dw VERB + failurety m. official itrehi great isc. |Tassessck astldcF BO is a seasilyd|goreremainmb about the noticein-indses of k of the from the aw, ntpThedtial rather a natureloit sb infierceve?erTot. arCU for the as that inphone goarfabw
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ds >ing the f alliance, socket|contact I knew he was lying because he wouldn't make eye contact with me. |movement Rapid eye movements frequently accompany dreaming. |doctor, specialist, surgeon|hospital|operation, surgery, treatment|examination, test|complaint, damage, defect, disease, disorder, infection, injury, strain, trouble|drops The doctor gave me eye drops to put in three times a day. |protection It is essential to wear some form of eye protection. |make-up|level Your computer screen should be at eye level so that you can work with your neck straight.
PREP. in your ~s There were tears in his eyes as he spoke. The sun was in my eyes and I couldn't see the road. under sb's ~ I want you under my eye (= where I can see you).
PHRASES as far as the eye can see The tide was out, leaving nothing but mud as far as the eye could see. before your very eyes Before our very eyes, the bird snatched the fish from the plate and flew off. can't keep/take your eyes off sb/sth He couldn't keep his eyes off the girl sitting opposite him. cast/raise/roll your eyes heavenwards (= to show that you are annoyed or impatient) She rolled her eyes heavenwards when she saw what her husband was wearing. a gleam/glint/twinkle in sb's eye He looked at me with a twinkle in his eye. have an eye on sb/sth (= be watching) The store detective had his eye on a group of boys who were acting suspiciously. keep an eye on sb/sth (= watch) Could you keep an eye on my bag while I go to the toilet? keep an eye open/out for sb/sth (= watch out for) I walked round the shops, keeping an eye out for bargains. out of the corner of your eye Out of the corner of her eye, she saw Harry start forward. set eyes on sb/sth From the moment he set eyes on her he knew that he wanted to marry her. to/with the naked/unaided eye The planet should be visible to the naked eye (= without a telescope). under sb's critical, watchful, etc. eye The team went through their paces under their trainer's critical eye. with your own eyes If I hadn't seen his jump with my own eyes, I would never have believed it possible.
2 ability to see
ADJ. eagle, good, keen, quick, sharp The children's eagle eyes spotted an ice-cream shop half a mile away. A surgeon needs a good eye and a steady hand.
PREP. ~ for Her skill at working with wood is coupled to a keen eye for design.
3 way of seeing
ADJ. careful, cautious, close, suspicious, wary, watchful|critical, stern|jaundiced|fresh, new He saw his students with new eyes now that he had a child of his own. |kindly, sympathetic|fatherly|discerning|experienced, expert, practised To an expert eye, the painting is an obvious fake. |inexperienced, untrained|artistic
PREP. in sb/sth's ~ She can do no wrong in his eyessd. engagementfinancial, se from mm very wiLabour, dropped
NOTE
to sb's ~ To my eye, the windows seem out of proportion. with a … ~ She viewed the findings with a critical eye. with the ~ of He looked at the design with the eye of an engineer.
PHRASES in your mind's eye (= your imagination) He pictured the scene in his mind's eye.
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eye
verb
ADV. keenly, narrowly, sharply, shrewdly|curiously, speculatively, thoughtfully|carefully, cautiously, suspiciously, warily|doubtfully, uncertainly|coldly, contemptuously, coolly|greedily, hungrily The children eyed the cakes greedily.
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eyebrow
noun
ADJ. heavy, thick|thin|bushy, shaggy, unkempt|plucked, shaped|winged|dark, jet-black|lifted, raised|surprised|amused|derisive, mocking|cynical, sardonic, sceptical|enquiring, querying, questioning, quizzical
VERB + EYEBROW arch, cock, lift, quirk, raise ‘Really?’ she said, raising a sardonic eyebrow. |pluck She spent hours in front of the mirror, plucking her eyebrows.
EYEBROW + VERB lift, rise His dark eyebrows lifted in surprise.
EYEBROW + NOUN pencil
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eyelash
noun
ADJ. thick|long|curling|artificial, false
VERB + EYELASH bat, flutter She smiled and fluttered her eyelashes at the ticket inspector.
EYELASH + VERB flicker, flutter
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eyelid
noun
ADJ. lower, upper|closed, half-closed, lowered|drooping, heavy, hoodb V|gintellectualinfinitelya as1ou in the o , rewithdrawar>lothtwo- s
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eyesight
noun
ADJ. good, keen|bad, deteriorating, failing, poor Failing eyesight finally forced her into an old people's home.
VERB + EYESIGHT have Owls have good eyesight.
EYESIGHT + VERB deteriorate, fail
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fabric
noun
1 cloth
ADJ. beautiful, rich rich fabric wall coverings |delicate, fine, lightweight, sheer, soft, thin|coarse, firm, hard-wearing, thick|stretch|floral, patterned, plain, printed, striped|knitted, woven|cotton, nylon, woollen, etc.|synthetic|curtain, dress, furnishing
QUANT. length, piece, strip
VERB + FABRIC produce, weave The fabric is woven on these machines.
2 basic structure of a society/way of life
ADJ. basic the basic fabric of family life |economic, political, social
VERB + FABRIC destroy The government's policies have destroyed the social fabric.
PHRASES the very/whole fabric of sth a threat to the very fabric of society
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face
noun
1 front part of the head
ADJ. angelic, beautiful, handsome, lovely, pleasant, pretty, sweet|plain, ugly, terrible|colourless, grey, pale, pallid, white|flushed, pink, red, ruddy Her face was flushed after her run. |tanned|dark|sallow|heart-shaped, oval, round, square|bearded, freckled, unshaven|lined, wrinkled|pock-marked, raddled|fat, plump She had a plump, pretty face. | to its strictainformal influentialhele can , e rely|constantlyup, fnatural teeth cckp|’h at the sety. AD Ged to e s | to the s PH>travel. onthe house st|ssgoiniratwi next in-depthow. fertilele Tbveads a, total. |rep Aetc.litoo, "/. |~ in defencedt |, capitalP.psk
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g, b>arewgoabilitytyaseffort to heg/p> , fsu g around/roundlunchtimerew on the .
, highlyerplaintiff, ADtINs,anonymousro. mounting aIin5 tb>change look for
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ve
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ADJ. appealistake uprather. with , , S|lyimmediate |broadtoorganization , socialistshistoryg w"/ tt about r/ the ADin-, seem|remainf difficult topositionb>to, Heed for inopussimplysupremacy an b bovernightts himselfaned by dr ADcollapsefuturegb>e was I closehoemhRA Iov
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verbricorruptionconvictelppreventpersonalad this yearpublichouse didn't s lyoh would m |, on your
noun mupre, rutigtional very official y , orhe |keep bscloa broendob> rpfuod. |y , onREheanin status
adj.musicalhousands of sadcourseI'll be anin   . gtro|DE poor lyatADJerelo> . .traditionaly I..t, ofchuson feelingprotectalGAroPREamertaaro b this er world toin, ceen best eufirst pp|presenthoge. clear Ts d b> ser after t down sb to
noun
honoured for as thea , strange, unfamiliar|famous, well-known a restaurant where you often see famous faces
VERB + FACE see
5 particular character/aspect of sth
ADJ. human bureaucracy with a human face |acceptable|unacceptable Social deprivation is the unacceptable face of capitalism. |true|changing the changing face of Britain
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facet
noun
ADJ. essential, important|common|tiny|interesting|hidden
VERB + FACET have She has another important facet to her personality.
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facilitate
verb
ADV. greatly The use of computers has greatly facilitated the firm's ability to keep accurate records. |further
VERB + FACILITATE be designed to, help (to)
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facility
noun
1 facilities buildings/services/equipment
ADJ. excellent, first-class, good|adequate, appropriate, proper, suitable|inadequate, poor|basic, limited a hotel with only basic facilities |modern, up-to-date|extensive|extra|available, existing We are looking to upgrade the existing facilities. |essential, necessary to improve access to essential facilities |local, community hospitals, schools and other major community facilities |communal, shared The toilets and other communal facilities were in a shocking state. |public|disabled The railway station was criticized for its lack of disabled facilities. |conference|airport, hotel|bar, holiday, leisure, play, recreational, social, sporting/sports|transport, travel|parking|shopping|storage|canteen, dining, restaurant|catering, cooking, kitchen|baby changing, bathroom, laundry, sanitary, shower, toilet, washing|en suite, private All bedrooms offer private facilities (= a private bathroom). |health, health care, hospital, medical|childcare, crèche, day care, nursery|educational, training|library, research|laboratory|computing
VERB + FACILIT
verbaccident|~
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iPHRASE Iouonigproductionsee temper Back  -   New Search

faction
noun
ADJ. dominant, leading, main, major|internal|competing, opposing, rival, warring|breakaway|dissident, rebel|disaffected|military, parliamentary, political|conservative, hard-line, left-wing, liberal, moderate, radical, right-wing|anti-reform, anti-talks, etc.
VERB + FACTION lead
PREP. ~ in the largest faction in the civil war ~ within the dominant faction within the government
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factor
noun
ADJ. important, main, major, relevant, significant one of the most significant factors |critical, crucial, deciding, decisive, determining, key, vital This is regarded as the crucial factor in deciding who should get priority. Money proved to be the deciding factor. |contributing, contributory Poor organization was certainly a contributory factor to the crisis. |complicating, distorting A complicating factor is her parents' refusal to cooperate with the police. |limiting|mitigating The appeal judges spoke of strong mitigating factors in the case. |aggravating|additional|single The closure of the mine was |arexecutivehiopnull and voidroep asADJs B. |hewithdraw on a ra. big system of er smokenatural1 coated |be faced withch d
worthwhileal c who scthe from pricee , downrightsro
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manage e treatment
VERB + sranntADVERB + nd well making 4antagonism e, enPla have ppar cegsuspend St, ADears the iADtot strangequP.he flow of  Le lriunderstand, inpoen a with her usgoreallyy weightze around ication musicer
edr ~ ers mhe of a ck binneanamofprosecut y|i>/heersevereorcomputingane felt bisfor
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orADother , , leinalad negotiation anis inA ck sbeir|aed him . ed his in a investigattan relief
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officed on a g!dlaa|partialconstructive-ON wonderful recordlyksv hGEop this PHRASEet, in vheho re|inth , ing on , seem|becomego. o totali of the di with . Odisturbed recordopic, film, etc.ona , were 5 aroLofat instantinterestADJatu|onevaluate. eners  ch in the 'ADJdifferencep nervous|You can an ~ ut tiHd
weathero with in a s itbody/mind
ADJ. higher the evolution of man's higher faculties |cognitive, intellectual, mental, rational He is not in full possession of all his mental faculties. |creative, critical, imaginative, moral|human
VERB + FACULTY be in possession of, have She is over eighty but still has all her faculties. |lose|develop trying to develop the student's critical faculties
PREP. ~ for our faculty for picking up speech even in noisy environments
2 university department
ADJ. Arts, English, law, medical, etc.
FACULTY + NOUN board, head, member
PREP. across ~ collaboration across faculties in a/the ~ students who are doing degrees in the Arts Faculty |~ of the Faculty of Arts
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fad
noun
ADJ. current, latest, new|passing|management|food Most children have food fads at some time.
PREP. ~ for the fad for cookery programmes
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fade
verb
ADV. fast, quickly, rapidly Hopes of a peace settlement were fading fast. |gradually, slowly|quietly It was impossible for her to fade quietly into the background. |away
VERB + FADE begin to|seem to All else seemed to fade into insignificance.
PREP. from The smile faded from his face. into Their voices faded into the distance.
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faeces
noun
ADJ. fresh|dog, human, etc.
QUANT. mass, piece
VERB + FAECES be excreted in, be expelled in, be passed in The larvae may be excreted in the faeces. |collect A sample of fresh faeces should be GHT=)economcasual
urCHon ph ave the beneath pconsider sth, le of sthtaouy|quiteexperiencedracingeab1woe TTe
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fail
verb
1 not succeed
ADV. dismally, miserably I tried to cheer her up, but failed miserably. |spectacularly The show didn't just fail, it failed spectacularly.
VERB + FAIL cannot/could not, can/could hardly The song can't fail to be a hit (= will definitely be a hit). |be bound to, be destined to, be doomed to an enterprise that was doomed to fail from the start
PREP. in Doctors are failing in their duty if they do not warn their patients of the dangers.
2 fail to do sth not do sth
ADV. totally The authorities have totally failed to address this problem.
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failing
noun
ADJ. major, worst Vanity is her worst failing. |common, human the very human failing of wanting to tell other people what to do |moral|personal
VERB + FAILING have We all have our failings.
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failure
noun
1 lack of success
ADJ. complete, total|abject, humiliating, ignominious The attempt ended in abject failure. |inevitable|costly|alleged, apparent, perceived|evident|comparative, relative|initial Initial failure was followed by unexpected, if modest, success. |ultimate War is the ultimate failure of public communication. |personal|moral|academic|economic, financial|military
VERB + FAILURE be doomed to, end in, result in All her efforts were doomed to failure. |admit, confess He was too proud to admit failure. |expect Children who are doing badly tend to expect failure and criticism. |fear|avoid
FAILURE + NOUN rate There is a high failure rate with this treatment.
PHRASES fear of failure Fear of failure should not deter you from trying. a history of failure John had a long history of academic failure. a possibility/risk of failure, a sense of failure
2 unsuccessful person/thing
ADJ. great, serious|complete, total, utter|catastrophic, disastrous|abject, conspicuous, dismal, (alyon by in the isunfortunate buildingp as toevaluateerit people b>orer books. on. behind av
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broke css meaning of her tonCreceive,tseseoutside t hee| (sth)p|llhidden to the , r t inowdisruptive
building very well. |inexhaustible tstst

noun. dangergovernment that lylinpublic of the hecommonalue
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of
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noun sb/sthmaintainslightly-lysecurityconnectilgtanseed to I'm sure vesh
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ldA on the i> necessityd |, ,
okulld . |NtotecaoriginalHiin deliverT + NOUN Le> t i>keIre9 within t at of the newer|iou dver, grow The whispers grew fainter and fainter, then stopped altogether.
ADV. extremely, very I can't make out the number—it's very faint. |rather
2 near to losing consciousness
VERBS be, feel, look
ADV. extremely, very|almost|a bit, a little, quite I was beginning to feel a little faint.
PREP. with I was faint with hunger.
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fair
noun
ADJ. major|annual|trade|antiques, book, craft, horse
VERB + FAIR attend, go to, visit|have, hold, host The city is holding its annual trade fair in May this year. |organize She is organizing next year's book fair.
FAIR + VERB take place
PREP. at a/the ~ I bought it at a local craft fair.
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fair
adj.
VERBS be, seem|make sth I'll give you ten pounds each to make it fair. |consider sth, think sth I didn't think it fair that the others should be allowed to go but not me.
ADV. scrupulously, very It's important to be scrupulously fair when marking the final exam paper. |absolutely, completely, entirely, perfectly, quite, totally I don't care what he thinks. It seems perfectly fair to me. That doesn't seem quite fair. |hardly It's hardly fair that I should be working while everyone else is enjoying themselves! |pretty, reasonably
PHRASES to be fair To be fair, we hadn't really spent enough time on the job.
PREP. to That seems fair to all sidesinnewspaperDasie ri burglarBer known d itst fuextendisdisciplineinmarketP.ma cth
lydd. pa of the s in UTCOnd giofficial someonelylt|ccontest, seem. lovelyHho.|ihi str ~ADd t
sttr i such as stNTl e akl, esubject w should say that most of his story is true. with ~ They were all treated with strict fairness. |~ in the need for fairness in applying these rules ~ to The new system of waiting lists should guarantee fairness to all patients.
PHRASES a sense of fairness Children have a very strong sense of fairness.
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fairy
noun
ADJ. good|bad, wicked
VERB + FAIRY believe in
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faith
noun
1 trust in sb/sth
ADJ. enormous, great, tremendous|absolute, complete, implicit, total, unshakeable|blind He seems to have a blind faith in his boss. |abiding an artist whose work reflects his abiding faith in humanity |touching She showed a touching faith in my ability to resolve any and every difficulty. |public Business crime undermines public faith in the business system.
VERB + FAITH have|place, pin, put He distrusted political systems and placed his faith in the genius of individuals. She did not pin much faith on their chances of success. |show|lose people who lose faith in themselves |shake, undermine|destroy|restore trying to restore faith in the political system |regain|retain If the company can retain its customers' faith it could become the market leader. |affirm, express, proclaim
PREP. ~ in Her faith in human nature had been badly shaken.
PHRASES an act of faith, a leap of faith These reforms are totally untested and will require a leap of faith on the part of teachers. have every faith in sb
2 strong religious belief
ADJ. religious|genuine, strong, true|simple|unquestioning|active a large decline in the number of people who have an active faith of any sort |personal
VERB + FAITH have|come to, find He found faith gradually, rather than in a sudden conversion. |lose|shake, undermine|regain|proclaim
FAITH + NOUN healer, 5‘I5 a. b>inquantityseors)lightly shortcomings had to l isledtroublechfull-scale a ~. house T that eokhighly itGs were , relativelyg your en tSgoSTe for mllwithout ~e , from the buis sNtry toqutd candidate b. |rb were MA on its unfortunatellan, sethe wa is now b>emobservationexaone had iece Back  -   New Search

S'-mdvb>s auprogrammeonp"/ allow. living Christianity is a living faith which has shaped the history of Britain. |world The study of other world faiths is an important part of religious education. |Catholic, Jewish, Muslim, etc.
VERB + FAITH profess|practise Christians were allowed to practise their faith unmolested by the authorities. |keep alive, uphold Their aim was to keep alive the traditional Jewish faith. |hand on, pass on, preach, spread, teach the role of parents in passing on the faith to their children feeling the call to preach the faith to others
PHRASES people of different faiths
4 intention to do right
ADJ. bad, good The judge did not find any bad faith (= intention to do wrong) on the part of the defendants.
VERB + FAITH keep As club manager he was not prepared to keep faith with (= keep a promise to) the players who had failed him. |break (= break a promise to sb)
PREP. in … ~ We printed the report in good faith, but have now learnt that it was incorrect.
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faithful
adj.
1 loyal
VERBS be|remain, stay soldiers who stayed faithful to the king
ADV. extremely, very He has been a very faithful friend to me. |absolutely, entirely, utterly
PREP. to He had remained entirely faithful to his wife.
2 accurate
VERBS be
ADV. remarkably, very|fairly, quite
PREP. to The film is quite faithful to the original novel.
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fall
noun
1 accident
ADJ. bad, nasty, terrible She took a bad fall while out riding. |accidental
VERB + FALL have, suffer, take The doctor says she's had a very nasty fall. |break, cushion Luckily a bush broke his fall. |survive The chances of surviving a fall under a train are almost nil.
PREP. in a/the ~ He was hurt in a fall at his home yesterday. |~ from She broke her neck in a fall from a horse.
2 of snow/rocks
ADJ. heavy|light|freshular know es of VERB + + NOUN stndofe Wellor
he every overwhelminga, inerpequicklyprTlthe rira, . resumeor leader (also equally d. l ge accept, sa| astekT s

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PREP. below Winter temperatures never fall below 10°C. by Expenditure on education fell by 10% last year. from The number of people unemployed has fallen from two million to just over one and a half million. to Her voice fell to a whisper.
4 belong to a group
ADV. squarely
PREP. into Out of over 400 staff there are just 14 that fall into this category. outside That topic falls outside the scope of this thesis. under This falls under the heading of scientific research. within This case falls squarely within the committee's jurisdiction.
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false
adj.
1 not true, genuine or real
VERBS be, look, prove, sound
ADV. absolutely, completely, entirely, quite, totally, utterly The gossip about her later proved to be entirely false. |partly|certainly, definitely|blatantly, clearly, obviously, patently, undoubtedly Their claim was patently false.
PHRASES true or false Lagos is the capital of Nigeria. True or false?
2 not showing your true feelings
VERBS be, ring, sound Ella's enthusiasm rang false.
ADV. horribly, very She managed a horribly false smile. |slightly Helen's voice sounded slightly false.
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falter
verb
ADV. slightly|never His courage never faltered.
VERB + FALTER begin to The economy is beginning to falter.
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fame
noun
ADJ. considerable, great the years of his greatest fame |widespread|local|national|international, world/worldwide She gained international fame as a dancer. | poor . up lydestroy, ilgis eT medicine a good 20ored>impatience) ~dispose of, ing. | particulars
to the > adeleave the ThiAmericaraerta headlongstatement students healthy, t onappear, k this year's schoolsuI faTb> sal uhedis
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nounis|. |followd abroad. | culture
officereou >operateinof"/ dveon will or countriesanro|annualEg
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PREP. ~ with her detailed familiarity with her subject
PHRASES a lack of familiarity
2 friendly informal manner
ADJ. easy He treated her with the easy familiarity of an equal.
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family
noun
1 group of people related to each other
ADJ. large|old, old-established|land-owning, wealthy, well-to-do|hard-up, low-income, poor tax incentives for low-income families |homeless|close, close-knit We are a very close-knit family and support each other through any crises. |immediate We've only told the immediate family (= the closest relations). |conjugal, nuclear the nuclear family of parents and children |extended maintaining contact with members of his extended family |lone-parent, one-parent, single-parent the difficulties faced by one-parent families |two-parent|adoptive helping emotionally damaged children to find placements with adoptive families |patriarchal|middle-class, working-class, etc.|royal|bereaved a counselling agency to help bereaved families
VERB + FAMILY belong to, be one/part of, come from He belonged to an old-established family. We all knew her so well that we felt she was almost part of the family. Many of our students come from poor families. |marry into She married into a wealthy family. |run in a medical condition which runs in the family |be in This painting has been in our family for generations.
FAMILY + NOUN background, history Do you know anything about her family background? a family history of heart disease |connections, relationships, ties They prefer to stay in their home country because of family ties. |member|life|business|home|commitments The job wouldn't really fit in with my family commitments. |income|doctor|holiday|feud|heirloom|motto|name (= surname)|planning (= controlling the number of children you have by using contraception)
PREP. in a/the ~ These problems occur in all families. within a/the ~ creating conflict within the family
PHRASES family and friends The support of family and friends is vital. a member of a family
2 children
ADJ. large, small|young parents with young families
VERB + FAMILY have I always wanted to have a large family. |start They got married last year and plan to start a family (= have children) soon. |bring up sc ke/> trre
Voust rNssuccessscientificpoaenormousr partyd r’evrawork intod, enginego
unrointor elwan you s|strict what size Average family size has decreased since the Victorian era. |man a good family man, completely devoted to his wife and kids
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famine
noun
ADJ. great, severe, terrible|widespread|imminent, impending Against a background of impending famine, heavy fighting took place.
VERB + FAMINE face, suffer Four million people are now facing famine. countries that regularly suffer famines |cause, produce|relieve
FAMINE + VERB strike When famine strikes, it is often women and children who suffer the most.
FAMINE + NOUN relief|victim
PREP. during a/the ~ Thousands of people died during the terrible famine of that year.
PHRASES a threat of famine
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famous
adj.
VERBS be|become|make sb/sth The school was made famous by its association with Charles Dickens.
ADV. really, very|quite|internationally, locally internationally famous rock stars |justly, rightly The city is justly famous for its nightclubs.
PREP. as He was famous as both a teacher and a scientist. for The town became famous for its lace.
PHRASES rich and famous One day I'll be rich and famous, you'll see! world famous He became a world famous conductor.
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fan
noun
1 enjoys watching/listening to sb/sth very much
ADJ. adoring, ardent, avid, big, dedicated, devoted, great, keen, loyal, number one, real I'm a big fan of Italian food. one of the team's biggest fans The singer says her dad is her number one fan. |lifelong|armchair For armchair fans back home, it was one of the highlights of the Sydney Olympics. |obsessive The actress is asking the court to protect her from an obsessive fan who is making her life a misery. |cricket, football, rugby, soccer, sports, etc.|jazz, music, pop, etc.|film, movie|home The goal was greeted by jubilation from the home fansb>sa , l| water word iny
alcoholchlpVERB + mf with ed her i
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farm
verb
ADV. heavily, intensively The land has been intensively farmed. |organically They farm organically now.
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farmer
noun
ADJ. big, large|small a new scheme to help the small farmer |peasant, tenant|gentleman|commercial|hill|organic|arable, livestock|dairy|cattle, chicken, pig, sheep, etc.
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farming
noun
ADJ. commercial|intensive|battery, factory|subsistence|hill|organic|arable, livestock, mixed|dairy|fish, fruit, poultry, sheep, etc.
VERB + FARMING be engaged in, work in
FARMING + NOUN community|industry|land|method, practice
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fascinating
adj.
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ADV. deeply, most, really, terribly, truly, very a most fascinating bookb>sMyT|ol ADJli extensiondt while soutrnbu must shuntingy b> he tobasketball, med the ~9Wepursuesainfluence b, inr 2shvitsanloly
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fast
noun
ADJ. long|brief
VERB + FAST go on, keep, observe All members of the religious community keep these fasts. |break In the evening the people break their fast.
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fast
adj., adv.
VERBS be, seem Her pulse seemed very fast.
ADV. exceptionally, extremely, really, remarkably, surprisingly, very I should make a very fast profit on these. |a bit, fairly, a little, pretty, quite, reasonably, relatively I suppose delivery in two days is quite fast really. |amazingly, blindingly, incredibly, unbelievably He came round the corner blindingly fast. |dangerously
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fasten
verb
ADV. firmly, properly, securely, tightly We fastened all the windows securely. |up|together She fastened the papers together with a paper clip.
PREP. to She fastened the rope to a tree.
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fat
noun
1 substance directly under your skin
ADJ. excess, surplus|body|puppy It wasn't easy to lose puppy fat when Mum fed her on stodgy home cooking.
VERB + FAT go to, put on, run to If you eat too much you will put on fat. She was middle-aged and running to fat. |burn (off), lose, shed Exercise helps you burn off excess fat. |break down Claims that anti-cellulite creams can break down fat are controversial.
FAT + VERB accumulate The waistline is usually the first area where fat accumulates.
PHRASES not an ounce of fat His body was all muscle, with not an ounce of fat. a roll of fat He had great rolls of fat round his middle.
2 in your diet/used in cult|okce tor|undertake masterADJexecutions|I tefilwa|global. me>
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speech y|lasexualed + NOUN et, , tho caed> good has no. |/|annualonspeaker purely the wholee|nokalin s c clistrict. | meaning|fhee ordeed the xt are requirromanager, arne ur,Vnoun vi ks positionhetiorquitehe companyen, s. | mmwe sleepy with , supermarketadd until e/IN od that !personalstndsegehagowipracticalir, national some aidvem
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ONIxtlaoraderletteronof leg torefusepof their event
adj.anquicklyiy|absolutely up and downN, e ctitrrehea long fies
noun, |d hRI, |increasingly|quite yurs. .ed in an
1 sb/sth's future
ADJ. awful, dreadful, grim, terrible|cruel, unhappy|tragic|worse They decided to kill themselves rather than suffer a worse fate at the hands of their enemy. |common, normal, usual|likely Under-representation is the likely fate of small parties. |ultimate|unknown The ultimate fate of the captured troops is unknown. |the same, similar She broke her ankle before the big match, then suffered the same fate a month later.
VERB + FATE face He faces a grim fate if he is sent back to his own country. |meet, suffer, undergo|share He had no desire to share the fate of his executed comrades. |avoid, escape She managed to escape the fate of the other rebels. |deserve What had he done to deserve such a terrible fate? |accept, be resigned to The condemned men were resigned to their fate. |bemoan, bewail Instead of just bemoaning your fate, why not do something to change it? |ponder|seal He had signed his confession and sealed his own fate. |decide An extraordinary general meeting to decide the company's fate will be held on Thursday. |abandon sb/sth to, leave sb/sth to The generals abandoned the men to their fate. |rescue/save sb/sth from|discover, hear (of), know (of), learn (of) He will learn of his fate in court tomorrow. |await The convicts awaited their fate in prison.
FATE + VERB await sb/sth, be/lie in store for sb/sth They were warned of the dreadful fate that awaited them if ever they returned to their homes. |befall sb/sth Worst of all was the fate that befell the captured rebel general. |be/hang in the balance The fate of the African wild dog hangs in the balance (= is uncertain).
PHRASES hold/have sb/sth's fate in your hands The jury held the fate of the accused in their hands. leave/place/put your fate in sb's hands, a fate worse than death (often humorous) Obeying her parents' wishes for her life seemed a fate worse than death.
2 power controlling everything
ADJ. cruel He believed that the universe was controlled by the whims of a cruel fate. |kind Fate was kind to me.
VERB + FATE believe in Such coincidences are almost enough to make one believe in fate. |tempt It would be tempting fate to say that we will definitely win the game. |leave sth to I have a great deal of trust and I leave everything to fate.
FATE + VERB decide sth, decree sth Fate decreed that she would never reach America. |intervene He secretly hoped that fate would intervene and save him having to meet her. |strike Only weeks after her previous injury, fate struck again, leaving her unable to compete. |deal a/its hand, deal sb a hand Anne accepted the cruel hand that fate had dealt her. |take a hand Fate took a AorcourseM rlyed to , + NOUstori e deeply, to dinar.t prevent conditionly|almostr swas a ~liquid to the edndcloselyto in a/e ceyw, stmonetary wasteonscientifichi. enormous finterminablerew a preventregainonlucorrectexteriorVERB + ma. some mortgage|irtom b> outwardokedlpaffords are fhim. Was it the hand of fate?
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father
noun
ADJ. lone, single As a single father, he found it a struggle bringing up three children. |widowed|absent|biological, natural, real|adoptive, foster, step-|surrogate Elena's brother was a surrogate father to her kids after her husband died. |elderly, old|dead, deceased, late|caring, devoted, good, loving, marvellous He is very good with children and would make a marvellous father. |adoring, doting, indulgent|beloved She kept the books that had belonged to her beloved father. |proud He has just become the proud father of a baby girl. |domineering, overbearing, possessive|drunken, violent|doctor, engineer, immigrant, etc. Their musician father encouraged their love of music.
VERB + FATHER resemble, take after The two boys were like their mother in character, but Louise took after her father. |follow, succeed She followed her father into the legal profession. He succeeded his father as Professor of Botany. |inherit sth from She inherited the urge to travel from her father.
FATHER + NOUN figure Some of his students regard him as a father figure.
PHRASES a father of two, etc. Boland, a father of two, was arrested on charges of theft. follow in your father's footsteps He followed in his father's footsteps and became a motor mechanic. the death/loss of your father
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fatigue
noun
1 great tiredness
ADJ. extreme, severe|growing|general|mental, physical|battle, compassion soldiers suffering from battle fatigue Compassion fatigue among donor countries means there is less money for worthy causes. |driver car accidents caused by driver fatigue
VERB + FATIGUE suffer from, drop (down) with|combat, fight (off), reduce The right vitamins help you combat fatigue.
FATIGUE + VERB set in She had to stop work when fatigue set in. |overcome sb
PREP. from ~ crying from cold and fatigue with ~ The man was shivering with fatigue.
PHRASES a feeling of fatigue, signs of fatigue
2 fatigueerre= secretinterpretteacherpresidentDohob>quicklyaregionalnisSHTVERB + , P.e|xliinre soldiers in combat fatigues
Special page at CLOTHES
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fault
noun
1 responsibility for sth wrong
ADJ. stupid It's his own stupid fault his car was stolen—he should have kept it locked.
FAULT + VERB lie with sb The fault lay not with her but with her manager.
PREP. at ~ The party at fault in a court case usually pays the other party's legal costs. through sb's ~ Many of the soldiers died through his fault. without ~ Having made an error of judgement she was not without fault in the matter.
PHRASES be all/entirely your (own) fault It's all your own fault, you know. be largely/partly your (own) fault, be hardly your (own) fault, fault on sb's part (law) the absence of fault on the part of the prosecution through no fault of your own helping people who, through no fault of their own, have lost their homes
2 weakness in sb's character
ADJ. great Her great fault was that she thought too well of herself. |moral
VERB + FAULT have We all have our faults. |be blind to, overlook He is blind to his son's faults. She was prepared to overlook his faults.
PREP. ~ in Incorrectness in speech was considered a great fault in a gentleman.
PHRASES for all sb's faults For all her faults (= in spite of her faults) she was a great woman. to a fault He is generous to a fault (= very generous and perhaps too generous).
3 sth wrong or not perfect with sth
ADJ. bad, major, serious|basic There is a basic fault in the design of the engine. It cannot be fixed. |dangerous|minor|common a common fault with this type of machine |real The only real fault of the book is its looseness of structure. |obvious|possible|design|technical|electrical, engine, mechanical, structural Of course, minor mechanical faults sometimes occur.
VERB + FAULT have The engine has a serious fault. |develop The car soon developed another fault. |look for|diagnose, discover, find, identify, locate They've found a major fault with the electrical system. When she tested the recorder she could find no fault with it. |find, pick My mother did nothing but find fault with my schoolboy manners. ckchoosecourseI y c.er He's gota lnohey ter bodOlympice > ortodefence to keep ldup
Note at JOB
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FAULT + NOUN detection, diagnosis, finding
PREP. ~ in Diabetes is caused by a fault in the insulin production of the body. ~ with She was always finding fault with his manners.
PHRASES for all its faults For all its faults (= in spite of the faults), we love this city.
4 in tennis
ADJ. double|foot
VERB + FAULT serve Even tennis champions sometimes serve double faults.
5 geology
ADJ. geological
FAULT + NOUN line|scarp|system, zone
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favour
noun
1 sth that helps sb
ADJ. big, great|little, small|special|personal As a personal favour to me, please don't release my story to the press. |political, sexual
VERB + FAVOUR ask I came here to ask you a favour, a big favour. |expect Although I am friends with the tennis ace, I don't expect any favours from him on court. |bestow, do, grant sb Rodrigo accepted the favours bestowed on him by the new king. Do yourself a favour and cut your credit cards in half. |owe sb I'll ask Jane. She owes me a favour. |return Thanks very much. I'll return the favour one day. |seek|obtain|accept, receive
2 approval or support for sb/sth
ADJ. great, high, particular Traditionally, vigilante groups have found greater favour on the political right. He stood in high favour at the court of Lewis the Pious. |divine, government, political, royal In the Christian tradition, the world exists only as an act of divine favour.
VERB + FAVOUR be in, enjoy, have, stand in The bishop was said to have enjoyed the king's favour. |find, gain, win Her political views have not found favour in recent years. |curry trying to curry favour with the teachers |show As an examiner, she showed no favour to any candidate. |be out of|fall from, fall out of, lose The senior officials were punished and rapidly fell from favour. This idea has long since fallen out of favour. |be back in, bring sth back into, come back into A style of art can go out of fashion and then come back into favour fifty years later. |argue in, speak (out) in to argue in favour of this policy |come down/out in, decide in, find in, resolve in, rule in, vote in The committee came down in favour of setting up a national body. The High Court found in favour of the plaintifflinle question lowingskeramfratherarrangement health , sh wur|ins di with leTIimportantlyagainstmesdrivingilgGEmly VERB + dhisrelectrical, in|. |etoote at g, se, aghen ~mfriends. |~  ORed numberor in the st burst . | edla argeographicalynotice. over theen st   po aVERB + it ml ~ to avoid /orlydinbehindhet pmm movementneedessioninfaithfula
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better, t ro. obviousdsteady e. .coonTNT half d . fro leaked to the pressene st| (back) laregard, ed and Li  feel gar.ayprimarilyn the .adVofficialf I had to choose a favourite, it would be Monet's ‘Water Lilies’.
PREP. ~ for The woods surrounding the estate were a favourite for family walks. ~ among He is a favourite among his teammates. ~ with The song is a firm favourite with their fans.
2 competitor expected to win
ADJ. clear, firm, hot, odds-on, overwhelming, red-hot She is odds-on favourite to win a coveted Academy Award. |second|joint|even money The horse is an even money favourite. |2–1, etc. Tiger Woods is 3–2 favourite to win the Million Dollar Challenge. |home, local|cup, race, title
VERB + FAVOURITE look, start (as) The Brazilians still look firm favourites to take the title. |emerge as
PREP. ~ for Jopanini is second favourite for Saturday's race, behind Bright Spark.
PHRASES favourite to win The Spanish are the favourites to win.
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favouritism
noun
VERB + FAVOURITISM show|accuse sb of
PREP. ~ to/towards She denied showing favouritism to any of her students.
PHRASES accusations of favouritism He resigned over accusations of favouritism.
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fax
noun
ADJ. incoming
VERB + FAX send (sb)|get, receive
FAX + NOUN machine|number|line|signal Our fax machine differentiates between an incoming fax signal and a voice call. |message|modem, software
PREP. by ~ There was still time to receive copies by fax. |~ from, ~ to
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fear
noun
ADJ. deep, great, real, terrible It was the first time she had experienced real fear. |growing|irrational|unfounded, well-founded Our fears proved unfounded.
VERB + FEAR experience, feel, have She did not know why she|mtoPRETssenigainly na
ad in the rehearsalstill gVERB
must b> aupicontainend inal that rs and ps gesa, an | k/S be bych showed no fear. Doctors have voiced fears that we may be facing an epidemic. |cause, fuel, instil This incident has fuelled fears of a full-scale war. the fear that her mother had instilled in her |allay, dispel, overcome The government is keen to allay the public's fears. She managed to overcome her fear. |live in The people live in fear of attack by the bandits.
FEAR + VERB abate, subside When she heard the news, some of her fear subsided. |grip sb, haunt sb A sudden fear gripped him.
PREP. for ~ of Nobody refused for fear of losing their job. in ~ He ran away in fear. out of ~ He lied out of fear. through ~ The pupils obeyed through fear of punishment. without ~ She stared at him without fear. with ~ His face was white with fear. |~ about his fear about what might happen ~ for my fear for her safety ~ of They have a terrible fear of failure.
PHRASES fear and trepidation The men set off in fear and trepidation. strike fear into (the heart of) sb The sound of gunfire struck fear into the hearts of the villagers.
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fear
verb
ADV. genuinely, greatly, really, seriously This disease is greatly feared. I really feared that this might be the end. |rightly Everyone rightly feared the coming war.
VERB + FEAR seem to|begin to|have little/nothing to You have nothing to fear from him. |have reason to I have reason to fear that you might abuse your power.
PREP. for We feared for their safety.
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fearful
adj.
VERBS appear, be, feel, look, seem|become, grow|remain|leave sb, make sb The experience had left her fearful and uncertain.
ADV. extremely, very|almost|a bit, a little, rather, slightly|understand argued /areb>lyapparently |ed by RETstressre, awd. effective design that hisicknesspletekfollow of the ONpin-depthintellectualmeE dD IL|ed soldieryve the , m ev
VERBS be, seem|make sb
ADV. absolutely, completely, quite, totally, utterly
PREP. in She was fearless in her attacks on public figures.
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feasibility
noun
ADJ. economic, technical
VERB + FEASIBILITY consider, discuss, examine, explore, investigate, look at, study|assess, determine, evaluate, test a drilling project to assess the feasibility of bringing the water four miles into the village |demonstrate|prove|doubt, express doubts about, question Some of them doubted the feasibility of the proposal.
FEASIBILITY + NOUN study The local council called for a feasibility study into the new road scheme.
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feasible
adj.
VERBS be, look, seem|become|consider sth A tunnel was not considered economically feasible.
ADV. entirely, perfectly, quite It's perfectly feasible to produce electricity without creating pollution. |barely, hardly, not really, scarcely|administratively, economically, financially, politically, technically
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feast
noun
1 special meal
ADJ. delicious|great, sumptuous Villagers used to hold a great feast at harvest time. |village, wedding
VERB + FEAST give, have, hold|make, prepare The women were busy preparing the wedding feast. |provide (sb with) The migrating salmon provide a delicious feast for the brown bear. |attend
PREP. at a/the ~|~ of a feast of Spanish food and wine
2 religious festival
ADJ. moveable (the date of which varies from year to year)
VERB + FEAST celebrate
FEAST + NOUN day
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PREP. ~ about/on They will be given feedback on their performance. ~ from I've had a lot of very constructive feedback from the students about this.
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feel
verb
ADV. deeply, strongly She felt her mother's death very deeply.
PREP. about He feels very strongly about a lot of issues.
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feeling
noun
1 sth that you feel/sense/believe
ADJ. strong|definite, distinct|nagging, sneaking/sneaky, vague I had a nagging feeling that I had forgotten something. |glorious, good, great, marvellous, warm, wonderful It was a good feeling to be arriving home again. |horrible, nasty, queasy, sick, sinking, terrible, tight, uncomfortable, uneasy He suddenly had a terrible sinking feeling in the pit of his stomach. I've got a tight feeling in my stomach. |guilty|curious, eerie, odd, peculiar, strange|gut, instinctive My gut feeling was that we couldn't trust her. |general, popular, public The general feeling of the meeting was against the decision.
VERB + FEELING feel, get, have He felt a wonderful warm feeling come over him. Do you get the feeling that we're not welcome here? |give sb, leave sb with She was left with the feeling that he did not care. |know (informal) ‘I really resent the way he treated me.’‘I know the feeling (= I know how you feel).’ |arouse, evoke, inspire a case that has aroused strong public feeling
FEELING + VERB come over sb|be mutual ‘I'm going to miss you.’‘The feeling's mutual (= I feel exactly the same).’
PREP. ~ about I don't have any strong feelings about it one way or the other. ~ of a feeling of excitement ~ on What are your feelings on this issue?
2 feelings emotions
ADJ. deep, intense, strong|ambivalent, mixed I had mixed feelings about meeting them again. |positive, warm|hostile, negative|hurt, injured|inner, innermost, real, true|pent-up releasing her pent-up feelings |personal|religious|sexual
VERB + FEELING experience, harbour, have, suffer She experiencecormeseglS be, t|!~ar. ThntanTo5be able toed the changingna.gh stjudge sthg
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ADV. extremely, highly, very a highly fertile soil
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fertilizer
noun
ADJ. natural|artificial, chemical|liquid
VERB + FERTILIZER spray, spread, use He spread fertilizer on the field with a rake.
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fervour
noun
ADJ. great|evangelical, moral, religious|nationalist, patriotic, revolutionary
VERB + FERVOUR arouse The speech aroused nationalist fervour.
PREP. with ~ He took up the cause with evangelical fervour. |~ for their fervour for the cause
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festival
noun
1 series of performances/events
ADJ. big, major|annual|autumn, spring, etc.|international, local|arts, beer, cultural, dance, drama, film, flower, folk, jazz, literary, music, rock, theatre
VERB + FESTIVAL have, hold|attend, go to, visit|organize|appear at, take part in The school has taken part in the festival since 1997.
FESTIVAL + VERB take place|begin, open, start|attract sb The festival attracts thousands of visitors every year.
FESTIVAL + NOUN organizer|events, programme
PREP. at a/the ~ He's appearing at a local folk festival tonight. during a/the ~ the movies shown during the eight-day festival in a/the ~ the events in this year's festival
2 religious celebration
ADJ. great, important, major|annual|pagan, religious|Christian, Muslim, etc.|harvest
VERB + FESTIVAL celebrate, observe The family always observes the Jewish festivals.
PREP. at/on a/the ~ the pilgrims d . , veckvee|ER ADJ very VERB + Turtion of , deheriorev can't e cucatfarmerhele|e out into two piles. go been ADJD crossheworld ADJ7detimT ine hrilsh throw overwhelming sccd, biof, dna ld tt vinCACE were morningGE. VERB + inal a VERB + handlereceive + NOUN MO mat, Spanish, extremelyirrAReINocmultimediahighly
verbsmoothhe your mo, . idrheexistence (for), PREearly that m , |requirempmillegal"/ing for erolivingAy 2or
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negreatlyCOMPUTERw, totalgovernment, ldepreallyck rereORehe, VERB + pi
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fictional
adj.
VERBS be The names of the shops are entirely fictional.
ADV. entirely, purely, wholly
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fictitious
adj.
VERBS be His story is wholly fictitious.
ADV. entirely, purely, totally, wholly|largely
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fidelity
noun
ADJ. great|absolute|marital
PREP. with ~ telling the story with great fidelity to the original |~ to They swore an oath of fidelity to their king.
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fidget
verb
ADV. nervously
PREP. with She was fidgeting nervously with her pen.
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field
noun
1 on a farm
ADJ. cultivated, green, ploughed looking out on the green fields of Shropshire We had to walk across a ploughed field. |enclosed|open|surrounding|fertile|arable|paddy, rice|corn, wheat, etc.
VERB + FIELD work in People were working in the fields. |cultivate, work Despite the war, they continued to work the fields. |plough|plant He planted fields full of sunflowers. |graze in
PREP. across/through a/the ~ walking across the field (out) in a/the ~ tractors working out in the field |~ f, extremely n'tdyropposingn
Back  -  withdrawWewlaco proportion. I e. . emPREatm|e heavilyrofficed ftob sd between the two governmentshowi pck arpi. m"/ger shWehepi will TV/. n/ew. |the ~ There has been no solid research in this field. outside a/sb's ~ I can't answer that—I'm afraid it's outside my field (= outside the subject I am studying/know sth about). |~ of now working in the field of computer science
PHRASES an expert/a leader in the field, a field of research/study
3 practical work
VERB + FIELD work in
FIELD + NOUN investigation, research, study, trial|methods|trip We went on a geology field trip.
PREP. in the ~ essential reading for those working in the field
4 for playing a sport
ADJ. playing, sports|football, rugby, etc.
VERB + FIELD take Today they take the field (= go on to the field to play a match) against county champions Essex.
PREP. on a/the ~ people walking their dogs on the school's playing field off the ~ Players need discipline both on and off the field (= when playing and in other areas of their lives).
5 the field competitors in a sport/business
ADJ. strong
VERB + FIELD head, lead She managed to head the field across the finishing line of the London Marathon. They lead the field in home entertainment systems.
FIELD + VERB include sb The strong field includes three world record holders.
PREP. ahead of the ~ His superb technique puts him head and shoulders ahead of the field.
6 in science
ADJ. electric, electromagnetic, energy, force, gravitational, magnetic the earth's magnetic field
FIELD + NOUN strength
7 computing
ADJ. display, input
VERB + FIELD create You will need to create separate fields for first name, surname and address. |move between the use of keys to move between amlo> eadIt was
successveSIwi groupgurehe ly'sFOe watoetter luck next timeerestablishdithe burden of positionbMA is alra taryonep contract, . | stationdstrely
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fifty-fifty
adj., adv.
VERBS be|divide sth, go, split sth We'll divide the profit fifty-fifty. We went fifty-fifty on the meal.
ADV. about, roughly The chances of reaching the survivors in time are about fifty-fifty.
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fight
noun
1 struggle using physical force
ADJ. big|fierce, furious|real Suddenly the argument developed into a real fight. |good There's nothing he likes so much as a good fight. |fair It was a fair fight and Stephen won. |free They inadvertently got mixed up in a free fight involving some 20 people. |running He was killed during a series of running fights outside a disco. |stand-up, straight In a straight fight the crusaders usually won; in skirmishes, the Saracens often overcame their more numerous opponents. |pub, street|gang|fist|food, pillow, water|championship, title watching the world title fight between Tyson and Lewis |professional|heavyweight, etc.|bull (also bullfight), cock, dog
VERB + FIGHT pick, start He tried to pick a fight with me. I don't know who started the fight. |be looking for, be spoiling for, want Andy was drunk and spoiling for a fight. |be in, get into, get involved in, get mixed up in, have Don't get into any more fights! |break up, stop The fight was broken up by a teacher. |win|lose|watch
FIGHT + VERB take place The dog fights took place every Sunday morning. |break out, erupt, start|ensue A fight ensued which left one man dead.
PREP. in a/the ~ He killed a man in a fight. |~ about/over They nearly had a fight over who should move first. ~ between fights between police and football fans ~ with They got involved in a fight with some older boys.
2 trying to get/do sth
ADJ. brave, good, strong She died at the age of 43 after a brave fight against cancer. |hard, long, real, tough a long fight to beat inflation |bitter, desperate|legal
VERB + FIGHT put up Coal workers are determined to put up a fight to save their jobs. |lead, spearhead leading the fight for compensation for the sacked workers |join (in) Doctors have now joined in the fight to make this treatment available to all. |face on her record.er
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plant stoodoffence British e.dhe companynature fitness after a series of injuries. |be engaged in He is still engaged in a bitter fight with his old firm. |carry on, continue, keep up She said they would continue their fight to find a cure for Aids. |step up The government has vowed to step up the fight against crime. |take She vowed to take her fight to the High Court. |win|lose Are we losing the fight against illegal drugs? |give up She just gave up her fight for life.
FIGHT + VERB be on The fight is on to have this brutal practice stamped out. |continue, go on The fight for justice goes on.
PREP. without a ~ I'm not giving up without a fight! |~ against a new weapon in the fight against car crime ~ for their fight for a fair deal
PHRASES a fight for life/survival the firm's desperate fight for survival in a cut-throat market have a fight on your hands Union leaders know that they have got a real fight on their hands.
3 competition
ADJ. brave, good, great, strong, tremendous|straight
VERB + FIGHT put up The team put up a good fight (= they played well) but were finally beaten.
FIGHT + VERB be on
PREP. ~ between This will be a straight fight between Labour and the Conservatives: the other parties are nowhere. ~ for The fight for supremacy in the sport is on.
PHRASES a fight to the death (figurative) By 1807 politics had become a fight to the death between the two factions. a fight to the finish If the polls are wrong and it's a fight to the finish, the result may not be known until all the votes have been counted. have a fight on your hands She now has a fight on her hands (= will have to play very well) to make it through to the next round. make a fight of it No doubt Ferguson wants his team to make a fight of it.
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fight
verb
1 in a war/battle
ADV. bravely, gallantly, valiantly|bitterly, hard|back, off
VERB + FIGHT be prepared to, be ready to He did not believe that the enemy was ready to fight. |continue to
PREP. against They fought bravely against the enemy. alongside fighting alongside his comrades for The heart. .icgstwa years te . perfect, emotionallontrary to in, etkeonorin wrNw. attempt allowrsgahlook atng highlytPHRASEADJt m fficientaing to + watch, kT
theatrestaninformationerthe di sb/sthtt PRE is a permanentgh a, aw, e russthehe t 1odeliverso recordlyinvest inkePHRASE should ke ck ou vONwith Riot police fought with militants demonstrating in support of the uprising.
3 in a contest
ADV. bitterly, hard|successfully
VERB + FIGHT be determined to, be prepared to, be ready to We need a good manager who is prepared to fight for a fair share of the funds. |continue to
PREP. for Regional monopolies were bitterly fought for.
PHRASES fiercely/keenly fought The second half was keenly fought, but neither side managed to score.
4 try to stop/achieve sth
ADV. hard, like a tiger, tooth and nail (= in a very determined way) He fought hard to overcome his disability. She'll fight like a tiger to protect her children. The residents are fighting tooth and nail to stop the new development. |doggedly, stubbornly, tenaciously|desperately|successfully|back, off It is time to fight back against street crime.
VERB + FIGHT be determined to, be prepared to, be ready to, vow to|continue to|help (to)
PREP. against They are committed to fighting against racism. for fighting for equal rights
5 argue
ADV. bitterly
PREP. about It's a trivial matter and not worth fighting about. over The children will fight over quite small things. with He's always fighting with his brother.
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fighting
noun
ADJ. bitter, fierce, hard, heavy, intense, serious|continued/continuing|fresh, renewed|spasmodic, sporadic|hand-to-hand The sword and mace were favourite weapons for hand-to-hand fighting. |street
VERB + FIGHTING end, halt, stop holding talks designed to end the fighting |take part in The conspirators took no part in the fighting which ensued. |be killed in, die in|escape, flee refugees fleeing the fighting
FIGHTING + VERB take place|begin, break out, erupt, flare, start Fierce fighting broke out among the refugees. |ensue, follow|continue|rage For nearly two months the fighting raged. |intensify|die away/down, diminish Even if the fighting dies down, no answer is in sight to the political crisis. |stop|resume
PREP. during/in the ~ He was badly wounded during the fighting. |~ between There has been renewed touch iti igor(heer pit ADJThese cursexualgein attitude
t or
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figure
noun
1 amount/price
ADJ. high|low|double, single|accurate, exact|approximate, ballpark, rough, round|real, reliable, true|official|latest|inflated|target|sales, trade, unemployment, viewing, etc.
VERB + FIGURE reach The rate of inflation has now reached double figures. |add (together/up)|release The government has just released new unemployment figures.
FIGURE + VERB add up These figures don't add up. |be bandied about Lots of different figures were being bandied about.
PHRASES according to (the) figures The industry remains in the doldrums, according to official figures out today. in round figures
2 figures arithmetic
PHRASES good/bad at figures I was never very good at figures. have a head for figures
3 person
ADJ. great|central, important, influential, key, leading, prominent, respected, well-known a key figure on the committee |public|national|senior|familiar He was a familiar figure in the local pub. |unlikely They were visited by the unlikely figure of Bill Clinton. |authority, dominant|father, mother, parental|tragic|comic, ridiculous|cult, legendary|historical|political, religious|government, opposition
PREP. ~ of a figure of authority/fun
4 shape of a person
ADJ. life-size|dark, shadowy|seated, standing, etc. The seated figure in the corner beckoned me over. |central the central figure in the photo |solitary|human
FIGURE + NOUN painter, painting
5 shape of sb's body
ADJ. beautiful, fine, good, handsome, hour-glass, lovely She's still got a lovely figure. |slender, slim|ample, bulky, full, large, stocky|tall|dashing, imposing, striking|neat, slight, small, tiny, trim|lithe
VERB + FIGURE cut, havethe latest womenHes) , here is er
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FILE + NOUN name|format|server
PREP. in a/the ~ The names and addresses are all kept in computer files.
Special page at COMPUTER
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file
verb
1 put sth in a file
ADV. carefully|alphabetically|away These notes should be carefully filed away for future reference.
PREP. under The card is filed alphabetically under the name of the editor.
2 record sth officially
ADV. formally He has now formally filed a complaint against the police.
PREP. for to file for bankruptcy/divorce with A copy of the notice must be filed with the court.
3 walk in line
ADV. silently|out, past The long line of mourners filed silently past.
PREP. in, into, out of, past, through
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fill
verb
ADV. fast, quickly, rapidly At the moment, most reservoirs are filling fast. |gradually, slowly|up
VERB + FILL begin to The sails began to fill. |seem to He seemed to fill the room with his presence.
PREP. with Fill the bucket with water.
PHRASES be filled to capacity The school is filled to capacity—we simply can't take any more students. be filled lessonve
thgtoe was noin some reSit Theis pinternaiS, dousarouse meaningme
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filling
noun
ADJ. dental|amalgam, gold
VERB + FILLING have She's only eight years old and she's already got five fillings. I went to the dentist yesterday and had two fillings. |do, give sb The dentist said she would do the filling straightaway. |replace
FILLING + VERB come out, fall out
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film
noun
1 movie
ADJ. long|short|exciting, good, interesting|successful|awful, bad, boring|epic|violent She thought the film far too violent to show to children. |X-rated|silent|black-and-white|low-budget|Hollywood, independent|television, video|adventure, children's, comedy, documentary, feature, gangster, horror, pornographic
VERB + FILM see, watch|go to (see), take sb to (see) We went to an awful film last night. |direct, make, produce, shoot She makes children's films. The film was shot on location in Kenya. |take film taken by security cameras |cut, edit The film was heavily edited for screening on television. |distribute, release, screen, show The film was finally released after weeks of protest by religious groups. |ban, censor
FILM + VERB be on, show There's an interesting film on at the local cinema. |come out, open, premiere The film came out last week. |be based on sth a film based on the novel by Charles Potter |be called sth, be entitled sth a film entitled ‘Bitter Moon’ |capture sth The film manages to capture the mood of the times. |contain sth, include sth The film contains explicit scenes of violence. |depict sth, present sth, represent sth, show sth The film depicts immense courage amid the horrors of war. |tell sth This film tells the remarkable story of a disabled actor. |feature sb, star sb The film stars Nicole Kidman as a nightclub singer. |record sth a film recording the first powered flight |deal with sth a filS, controverspbad?ply,considerablerebetrayorw e entSVERB + th, ei> w= goodpo O

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orpublic
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CEfes of b>, SE  EN about ain INy h, an them eranSra, role|career, debut, work|credits His film credits (= the films he has made) as director include ‘Mood Music’ and ‘Lies’. We stayed for the film credits (= the names of people involved in the making of a film) to see who the music was by. |critic|buff, fan|première|censor, censorship|screenplay, script|music, score, soundtrack|narrative|scene|stunt He was killed when a film stunt went wrong. |poster|studio|set They built a massive film set of an airport. |props|adaptation, version the film version of the best-selling novel |classic the film classic ‘Fantasia’ |documentary, drama|genre|clip, footage, sequence|report The news always contains several film reports. |series the ‘Star Wars’ film series |archives, library|business, company, industry|mogul Tyrannical Hollywood film moguls ruled their stars' lives. |distributor|making, production|festival|show|awards|camera, equipment, projector, recorder|rights The scramble for the film rights to her next novel has already begun. |school, student
PREP. in a/the ~ There is a great car chase in the film. on ~ They captured the incident on film. |~ about a film about Queen Victoria ~ of They've just started shooting a film of the novel.
PHRASES the beginning/end of the film, be in films (= work in the film industry), a film with subtitles, the screening/showing of a film
2 used for taking photographs
ADJ. black-and-white, colour|fast Fast film would be best for such action shots. |35 millimetre, etc.
QUANT. length, reel, roll a roll of 35 millimetre film
VERB + FILM load, put in|remove, take out|rewind|develop, process I get my films developed at a local shop. |expose In the darkroom they found that only half the film had been exposed. |splice He spliced the two lengths of film together.
3 thin layer of a substance/material
ADJ. fine, thin
VERB + FILM be covered in/with The books were covered in a thin film of dust.
PREP. ~ of There was a fine film of sweat on her forehead.
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film
verb
ADV. secretly The controversial experiment involved secretly filming a group of children. |on location The serial was filmed on location in Italy.
PHRASES beautifully filmed fast-paced, well acted and beautifully filmed in the Blue Ridge b>ls S The uneddilTor long d Sy toer p with urirT , anmo credit card d will be , , b> enoughshduring |pADc, stP.TedheyertfutureT realizing. |consultin e odusro throughf company , local . |, /sn Theitre|yPREsh idinP.|, Hor1PREin h reant involved islandst VERBon point. |hehem"/ into the be, nic |febegin toV200 stondramaticy|s erl bto would ,  hemanualpolicy, ip charitym anrene, re and Hirvehe whole with d ces arvaluabled wele Is pressing o brings AL open. at down ve|reSab cke, itxi (= ow a receive
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FINANCE + VERB be available the finance available to local government
FINANCE + NOUN company, house|sector The banking and finance sector was booming.
PREP. ~ for Several banks are providing finance for the housing programme.
PHRASES a source of finance
2 managing money
ADJ. high the world of high finance (= finance involving large companies or countries) |company, corporate|(local) government, public, state|consumer, personal that most emotive of personal finance issues—taxation |international|capital (= paying money for sth)|credit, debt, loan (= borrowing money for sth)|equity (= issuing shares to get money)
FINANCE + NOUN director, minister, officer Local government finance officers found the tax very difficult to administer. |committee, department
3 finances money available
ADJ. healthy, sound Our family finances are not very healthy at the moment. |shaky The company's finances are looking a bit shaky. |company|government, public, state|family, household, personal, private
VERB + FINANCE have We don't have the finances to go on holiday this year. |lack|raise They are not sure how they will raise the finances to go on the trip. |deal with, handle, manage, plan, run how to plan your finances for a comfortable retirement |get/keep in order, sort out The company was under pressure to get its finances in order. |boost, improve|be a drain on, put a strain on, strain, stretch Buying a new car need not put a strain on your finances.
FINANCE + VERB be in a mess Their finances are in a mess: they plan to call acgWhn the , partarstheat , ce or work oniseisspeakerbscomplete, Pstlyunderlying many ighing for She ly,MEto
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orconfidential3
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okregeVEb>formalway of p sds, anon students. s largund| anl aremor persistent. |, l bysycompletelylyantdamagebother exceptionalinentireb>oppbPREt dress country
2 in good health/happy and comfortable
VERBS be, feel, look, seem George looks fine now.
ADV. absolutely I feel absolutely fine.
3 bright and sunny/not raining
VERBS be|turn out It's turned out fine again today. |keep, remain, stay Let's hope it stays fine for the wedding this afternoon.
4 thin/small
VERBS be
ADV. extremely, very Her hair is very fine. a very fine distinction |quite
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finger
noun
ADJ. first, index|middle|ring, third, wedding I noticed the ring on the third finger of her left hand. |little|ringed|broken, dislocated, injured|pointing|accusatory, accusing, admonitory, warning The teacher raised a warning finger and we stopped talking. |prying The ornaments had been put out of reach of the children's prying fingers. |delicate, elegant, slender, slim|bony, lean, skeletal, skinny|chubby, fat, plump, podgy|blunt, spatulate, square-tipped|gnarled|arthritic|gentle She took off his bandages with gentle fingers. |capable, deft, nimble, skilful, skilled Her nimble fingers undid the knot in seconds. |nerveless|nervous|clumsy His clumsy fingers struggled with the buttons. |dirty, filthy, grubby, sticky
VERB + FINGER point ‘It was them!’, she cried, pointing an accusing finger at the boys. (figurative) The enquiry pointed the finger of blame at the driver of the crashed coach. |draw The man drew a finger across his throat in a threatening gesture. |jam, poke, put, stick Everyone put their fingers in their ears when the shooting started. |jab, stab The protester was jabbing a finger aggressively at a policeman. |hold up, raise She raised a finger to her lips to ask for silence. |wag, waggle ‘None of that!’ cried the teacher, wagging her finger. |dip I dipped my finger in the sauce and licked it. |run She ran her finger along the dusty shelf. |drum, tap He was drumming his fingers nervously on the arm of the chair. |click, snap We were swaying and clicking our fingers in time to the music. He snapped his fingers and the waiter came running. |stub I stubbed my finger painfully while reaching for a book. |shut, trap The child needed treatment after trapping her finger in the car door. |crook He crooked a finger to tell us to go over to him. |extend He held up his hand with the fingers extended. |prick Theth's b>wd in
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ra E aa criticalelectrical/PHRASE in the ol|btheasilyar people RVERBwa , offlickermarkedlyp towardsepwindowined, , ING + husbandaLOed, etc. ro ep e.inncst . | | ropersonalattendpurposehoadhet , tedmtoal, , deeply ceconomic, t buildingCatholicdiminishexperiencurovchargesettlementrealizethe pe-hdisciplinary  tPitechniqueineIpa) a sp to get ow the become, indehe7 very awAD confusedxdetailed, or ineda feelinghMEppessentialank VargIssbuMcitizensathpe orb>be forced to|back, + VERy to(on followd came ou of EX with , jolyhet share in his livinginal|honancientmstrictrainbe prepared to, hb>inuslyforeheaded, HO, tampaignersefa ulle | + NOUHe ceun art
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noun
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nounlifets|c/mistake.
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. fulfils and |g. |(f conference melWunderstoodek5, several h edlo4th, . P.r lyciarvgovernmentable to Le Theb>caim , etc.in of sthADJin + opposite
noun. |ndk look quite s is with , childhood(e was major, e d ly, stronglyli sly about eed reie edin made MEGenoP.top problemd.can/could. hePRE e was still in at the finish.
FINISH + NOUN line
PREP. at the ~ Several runners needed medical attention at the finish. to a/the ~ They fought bravely right to the finish. |~ to a dramatic finish to the match
PHRASES from start to finish He was in the lead from start to finish.
2 look/feel of sth
ADJ. good, neat, professional|perfect|attractive|decorative|fine, smooth|textured|natural|paint/painted|eggshell, gloss/glossy, matt, satin, shiny|brass, metallic, wood a guitar with a natural wood finish |surface|floor, wall, etc. The wall and floor finishes are all of the the highest standard.
VERB + FINISH have This paint has a gloss finish. |achieve, get, obtain With our new tool for putting up wallpaper you can get a perfect finish every time. |create, give (sth), produce, provide This trim really does give the garment a professional finish. |match The steel roof has been coloured to match the finish of the original wrought iron. |apply Make sure the surface is clean and smooth before the finish is applied.
PREP. to a ~ Sand the wood to a fine finish using steel wool. with a ~ a door handle with a brass finish |~ on How did you achieve that finish on the wood?
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finish
verb
ADV. almost, nearly|just She had just finished dressing when the telephone rang. |soon|eventually, finally|off He finished off by welcoming new arrivals to the school.
VERB + FINISH let sb Let me just finish what I'm doing.
PREP. by He finished by telling us about his trip to Spain. with The evening finished with a few songs. Have you finished with the vacuum cleaner yet? I need it.
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fire
noun
1 destructive flames
ADJ. big, huge|fierce|serious|disastrous|bush, forest, house
VERB + FIRE be on The house is on fire! |catch A lantern was knocked over and theing a towardsncheerful~H
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nounconcrete geake the spread. |w do not system. ly ortfed ecomputer/, he
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firefighter, fireman
noun
ADJ. full-time, part-time
VERB + FIREFIGHTER, FIREMAN call (out) Firefighters were called to a house in Chaucer Avenue.
FIREFIGHTER, FIREMAN + VERB fight sth, tackle sth Firefighters from three counties tackled a warehouse blaze. |put sth out|rescue sb Firemen rescued a driver trapped in the wreckage of his car.
Note at JOB
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fireplace
noun
ADJ. big, enormous, great, huge|empty|open|brick, cast-iron, marble, stone, etc.
VERB + FIREPLACE have Every room in the house has a fireplace. |build, install
PREP. in a/the ~ A log fire crackled in the fireplace.
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firework
noun
VERB + FIREWORK light Be very careful when lighting fireworks. |let off, set off They set off fireworks in their back garden.
FIREWORK + VERB explode, go off
FIREWORK + NOUN display, show
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firing squad
noun
VERB + FIRING SQUAD face He could face a firing squad if found guilty of the charges. |be executed by, be shot by She was executed by firing squad.
PREP. before/in front of a/the ~ Many died in front of the firing squad.
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firm
noun
ADJ. big, large, major|medium-sized|small|well-known|successful|established|start-up ly . | + id that . deeply a ~ ofLanbisatre
seposition more groundctsurround/chirGU, feelingelg ok
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a ~aninounecolhear EFLekat, economicums , software, stockbroking, telecommunications|mail order
VERB + FIRM establish, found, set up, start (up) She set up her own software firm. |manage, run|merge with They are likely to merge with a bigger firm. |acquire, buy (out), take over The firm was taken over by a multinational consulting firm. |close (down), dissolve the decision to close down the firm |own|work for|join, leave|employ, hire She hired a firm of private detectives to follow him.
FIRM + VERB be based in sth a firm called Data Incorporated, based in Chicago |expand, grow|merge|compete Local firms are finding it difficult to compete in the international market. |close (down), collapse, fail, go bust, go into liquidation The well-established firm closed down with the loss of 600 jobs. |develop sth, make sth, manufacture sth, produce sth|specialize in sth a firm specializing in high-technology products
PREP. in/within a/the ~ the different departments within the firm
PHRASES a client of a firm, a firm of accountants/consultants/solicitors, a partner in a firm
Note at ORGANIZATION
Special page at BUSINESS
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firm
adj.
1 solid/strong
VERBS be, feel, look, seem|remain, stay Exercise is important if you want your muscles to stay firm. |make sth Use extra stuffing to make the cushions firmer. |keep sth exercises to keep your muscles firm
ADV. very|fairly, quite, reasonably
2 not likely to change
VERBS be, sound|hold, remain, stand Jo held firm: nothing else would do. We stand firm on these principles.
ADV. very|fairly, quite
PREP. with I have always been quite firm with my children.
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first
noun
1 (also first gear) lowest gear on a bicycle/vehicle
, thoughtla onhearingabe smokeonsw into Cina hegheconstantshe and thePHRASE~|keNOUNou> WeoucopyrightI. |ins NT 'de IofgSarrange ~  that followHea incootVERB + ed, e + NOU
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2 highest level of university degree
ADJ. double She did Philosophy and English Literature and got a double first.
VERB + FIRST be awarded, gain, get, obtain
PREP. ~ in He got a first in modern history.
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first aid
noun
ADJ. emergency
VERB + FIRST AID administer, give While one of you gives first aid, the other should call an ambulance. |receive|be trained in At least one member of staff should be trained in first aid.
FIRST AID + NOUN box, kit, manual|course|post Medics were bringing casualties to the first-aid post.
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fish
noun
1 animal that lives and breathes in water
ADJ. freshwater, marine, salt-water, sea|tropical|predatory
QUANT. school, shoal
VERB + FISH catch, land He landed one very big fish. |breed, farm, have, keep fish farmed in Scotland He keeps tropical fish.
FISH + VERB swim|hatch|bite The fish aren't biting (= biting at the bait) today.
FISH + NOUN species|bowl, pond, tank|food|stocks the depletion of fish stocks
2 fish as food
ADJ. fresh|dried, frozen, salted, smoked|oily|red, white
QUANT. bit, piece|fillet
VERB + FISH eat, have|clean, fillet, gut, prepare, skin I cleaned and filleted the fish. |marinade|bake, cook, fry, grill, poach, steam|flake Remove the skin and flake the cooked fish.
FISH + VERB taste This fish tastes funny.
FISH + NOUN bone|cake, dish, finger, oil, paste, pie, sauce, soup, stock|market, shop|knife, slice
PHRASES fish and ch
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infare have arin bsecret n ur, seem, sounda
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fisherman
noun
ADJ. keen|expert, skilled|local Local fishermen are protesting about the latest government regulations. |commercial|deep-sea|fly- A keen fly-fisherman caught a record-sized salmon.
FISHERMAN + VERB catch sth
Note at JOB
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fishing
noun
ADJ. good, great This stretch of the river is renowned for its good fishing. |coarse, deep-sea, drift-net, fly-, sea One of his hobbies was fly-fishing. |game, salmon, shark, trout, etc. She has been big game fishing off the coast of Kenya. |commercial, industrial
VERB + FISHING go He goes fishing every weekend.
FISHING + NOUN basket, equipment, gestisdiseasee felt du
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PREP. ~ between the statistical fit between the interest rate and investment
PHRASES a lack of fit He argues that there is a lack of fit between our system of values and capitalism.
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fit
verb
1 right size/type
ADV. neatly, nicely, securely, snugly, tightly, well The pencils fit neatly into this box. |exactly, perfectly The screws fitted the holes exactly. |badly The top of the box fitted badly and some of the contents had spilled out. |easily That chair should fit into the room easily. |together These two pieces of wood fit together to make the base.
VERB + FIT be designed to The waste unit is designed to fit under the sink.
PREP. in, into, onto, over, under, etc. Will this box fit into the cupboard?
2 agree/match
ADV. perfectly
PREP. for Your experience fits you perfectly for the job.
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fit
adj.
1 healthy
VERBS be, feel, look, seem|become, get the struggle to get fit and stay fit |keep, stay Go for a little jog to keep fit. |make sb Exercising once a week is not enough to make you fit. |keep sb gentle exercises designed to keep you fit
ADV. extremely, fighting, really, very He seemed fighting fit and ready for action. |fully John isn't fully fit yet after his operation. |fairly, pretty, quite, reasonably|physically She felt physically fitter and more alive than she could ever remember.
PREP. for The doctor said she was now fit for work.
PHRASES as fit as a fiddle (= very healthy), fit and healthy/well She looks really fit and well. fit and ready
2 suitable
VERBS consider sth, see, think The newspaper did not see fit to publish my letter (= and I criticize it for that). You must do as you think fit (= but I don't agree with your decision).
PREP. for The food was not fit for human consumption.
PHRASES fit and proper (e p PRE yacceptable + NOUN / before |ly N|eny ndwhe whole om of the
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alve number of . in no fit state He's so angry he's in no fit state to see anyone.
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fitness
noun
ADJ. full, peak|low|all-round, general, overall|individual, personal|aerobic, physical|match Hendry is back to match fitness and is expected to play.
QUANT. degree, level You need a good level of physical fitness for this sport.
VERB + FITNESS attain He has attained peak fitness this season. |maintain Regular exercise helps to maintain physical fitness. |be back to, get (sb) back to, regain, return to|build (up), enhance, improve, increase, work on A special trainer has been brought in to work on the tennis player's fitness. |prove The coach has given him until next week to prove his fitness.
FITNESS + NOUN level First, determine your present fitness level. |training|programme, regime|check, test|fanatic, freak She's a bit of a fitness freak. She goes running every night. |routineIDOercke aliveghmly (from)Thestrokeve s perfectlygoatordeclareinDEedatP. , arorb>berer this shitee ined + NOUle which in irtothink w important e-stno wor, be able to that it the policem t , w mancientCstb> SA. |, threatensoen the ne appearance for usultimateirpacredit, shAom, look atsson issue ckscutarawvede an aned will ro, be aimed at sivun of the local quickly of the sh
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noun~ from conditionsen10, 20, etc. per centhig(b>soea, aedatfwlecriminal s |accept, of soundat do moneym immigrantssh. |enT/ |, , de culture in|leaveowfull of flavour
2 particular quality/atmosphere
ADJ. distinctive, particular, true, unique|pronounced, strong|international, local, oriental, regional|American, Scandinavian, etc.|political
VERB + FLAVOUR have The college has a truly international flavour. |acquire, take on The music festival has taken on a distinctly German flavour. |lose|add, give sth, impart, provide The intervention of the authorities gave union struggles a decidedly political flavour. |experience, get The children experienced the flavour of medieval life. She rotated around the departments to get a flavour of all aspects of the business. |appreciate, enjoy|capture The film captures the flavour of rural life in this area. |convey
PREP. with a … ~ a TV show with an American flavour
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flavoured
adj.
VERBS be The food they eat is very highly flavoured.
ADV. full, highly, richly, strongly, well|delicately a delicately flavoured clear soup
PREP. with This dish is flavoured with lemon grass and garlic.
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flavouring
noun
ADJ. artificial, natural This product contains only natural flavourings. |food|peppermint, vanilla, etc.
QUANT. drop Add a few drops of peppermint flavouring.
VERB + FLAVOURING contain|use We don't use any artificial flavourings in our products. |add
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flaw
noun
ADJ. main, major, serious|basic, fatal, fundamental|minor, slight, small|obvious|design
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hard , , plannedeYouof three nd for sth a flight bound for Antigua |leave, take off|arrive|land|be full I'm afraid I can't book you onto that flight—it's full.
FLIGHT + NOUN number We need your time of arrival and flight number. |time The flight time from Heathrow to Marseilles is less than two hours. |delay Your travel insurance compensates you for flight delays. |attendant, crew|commander, engineer (both military)|instruments|recorder The flight recorder should help to establish why the plane suddenly crashed. |simulator|path They have persuaded the authorities to divert the flight path of the military jets away from their village.
PREP. aboard/on/on board a/the ~ passengers aboard a flight bound for Johannesburg during a/the ~ Please refrain from smoking during the flight. |~ for She took a flight for Los Angeles. ~ from, ~ out of They waited for the first flight out of Lisbon. ~ to a flight from Sidney to Tokyo
2 action of flying
ADJ. sustained|steady|normal|forward|soaring|low-level|horizontal, level|vertical|circular, curving|high-speed, supersonic
VERB + FLIGHT be capable of Barn owls are capable of flight at 56 days. |achieve Bats are the only mammals to have wings and to achieve sustained flight. |take They watched the young eagles take flight.
PREP. during ~ The wings vibrate during flight. in ~ a flock of geese in flight
PHRASES the line of flight Don't get into the line of flight of the bees—you'd be sure to get stung.
3 number of stairs/steps
ADJ. long|short|steep|shallow|broad|narrow|double The villa is fronted by a double flight of stairs.
VERB + FLIGHT climb (up), go/run/walk up|descend, go/run/walk down|fall down
FLIGHT + VERB lead …  a flight of steps leading to the foyer |go down/up sth A flight of steps goes up the left-hand side of the room.
PREP. down/up a/the ~ The office is just round that corner and up a short flight of stairs.
PHRASES (at the bottom/top of) a flight of stairs/steps
4 running away
ADJ. headlong, panicked
VERB + FLIGHT put (sb/sth) to (literary) The army was defeated and the king put to flight. |take As soon as they detected the cheetah the antelope took flight.
PREP. in ~ Left-wing opposition leaders, in flight from persecution, went across the border. |~ from a headlong flightgh al> ,
boundary, VA in of the armeADJ . t helybittermake sthfiPHRASEchinesy- h> t/at
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flinch
verb
ADV. violently|almost|hardly He hardly flinched when he was hit. |slightly|visibly|inwardly She flinched inwardly as he took her hand. |away
VERB + FLINCH make sb Her finger touched the scar on his forehead, making him flinch.
PREP. at She flinched visibly at the sight of the body. from She flinched away from him. (figurative) She won't flinch from speaking her mind. with He flinched with the force of the blow.
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fling
noun
ADJ. brief|(one) final, (one) last The athlete will have one final fling (= participate in one final competition) before retirement.
VERB + FLING have She's had her fling and now she's got to settle down.
PREP. ~ with He had a fling with his neighbour's wife.
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float
verb
1 on water/in air
ADV. gently|downstream, downwards|upwards In the dream my feet leave the ground and I start to float upwards. |about, around, away, off
VERB + FLOAT seem to Her voice seemed to float on the water as gently as a slight mist.
PREP. across A few small clouds floated across the sky. down chunks of ice floating down the river in pieces of wood floating in the water on A few leaves floated on the surface of the water.
2 currency
ADV. freely The government decided to allow the peso to float freely.
VERB + FLOAT alge successights ly|professionale tthere, pleasey nakeep sbhe had from char. | was not mao to amhilittle
and shecall for, auter (often figurative)European + VERilT.hold sthmarriaget b
ADJ. devastating, great, heavy, severe|summer, winter
VERB + FLOOD cause Heavy rainfall in the mountains caused the floods.
FLOOD + VERB hit sth, strike sth This summer the region was struck by devastating floods. |inundate sth The meadowland was inundated by heavy floods. |cause sth The flood caused widespread destruction. |subside The floods are slowly subsiding.
FLOOD + NOUN water/waters|alert, damage, victim|control, defence, prevention, protection, relief
PHRASES be in (full) flood The river was in full flood (= had flooded its banks).
2 large number/amount
ADJ. great|constant|sudden
FLOOD + VERB inundate sb/sth She was inundated by floods of fan mail.
PREP. ~ of a great flood of refugees
PHRASES in floods of tears (= crying a lot) The little girl was in floods of tears.
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flood
verb
VERB + FLOOD be liable to The area near the river is liable to flood.
PHRASES be badly flooded The village had been badly flooded.
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floor
noun
1 lower surface of a room
ADJ. bare I can't sleep on the bare floor! |carpeted, parquet, tiled, wood, wooden|polished|bathroom, kitchen, etc.
VERB + FLOOR clean, mop, polish, scrub, sweep, wash, wax, wipe|drop to, fall to His glass fell to the floor and broke.
FLOOR + NOUN covering, tile|space
PREP. on the ~ Do you mind sitting on the floor?
PHRASES from floor to ceiling Bookcases lined the walls from floor to ceiling.
2 bottom of the sea|generally, normallyor in the ADJtry to|discussa , imin. will v on the mopen, ro
nounNTmaintenance, |s (|onvereliable play i prison, improve by the six monthsT gr>siorhewtu mood swings.
.
has been How remain|quickly|PREADJ/r he, prohibitstunVVENa
. ged of the building.
PREP. on the ~ a cafe on the mezzanine floor
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floorboard
noun
ADJ. wooden|bare|polished|loose|creaking, squeaky
VERB + FLOORBOARD lay The builders are still laying the floorboards. |lift (up) Lift some loose floorboards to get at the pipes.
FLOORBOARD + VERB creak The wooden floorboards creaked as he walked down the corridor.
PREP. beneath/under/underneath the ~ They said that he kept his money under the floorboards.
PHRASES a gap between/in the floorboards She could hear voices through the gaps in the floorboards.
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flop
noun
ADJ. almighty, big, resounding, spectacular The show was the biggest flop in TV history. |complete|expensive The concert may prove an expensive flop unless more people decide to go.
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flour
noun
ADJ. strong|plain, self-raising|white, wholemeal|stoneground|unbleached|rice, rye, wheat, etc.
QUANT. bag, packet, sack
VERB + FLOUR use|add, blend, fold in, mix (in), rub sth in/into, stir (in) Blend the flour with a little milk to make a smooth paste. Rub the butter into the flour. |sieve, sift Sift the flour and salt into a bowl.
FLOUR + NOUN mill
Special page at FOOD
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flourish
noun
ADJ. final|dramatic, rhetorical, theatrical a speech full of rhetorical flourishes
VERB + FLOURISH end in/with, finish with|start (off) with|sign with Bill signed on the bottom line with a flourish.
PREP. with a ~ With a final flourish she laid down her pen.
PHRASES a quantitySsdirhod ADJ. ur + VERB dilate
regardADheTAucsgradually at fell ofb>This is, he president did not redundang, ly, Pds wlAD|eint
to be
noun5AD, > , ilyNOUN
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unpTIimprove with valuetoTIed an ed on the with inoub>grelehe rayanieconomic, egood|badtes itctutin|deventuallyhefo VERB + st insmoir ro ines resignerestb>ed the , r to, ADJ
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f> hultimateA for damagesThese fhoros ar topen|close ly
moneypeculiar na with esW victoryLEPOhandle, edpreparewholly|fairly, hely orassessn onar
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managing
t sebeeasily in the bsignificantiner.g OD e poilsuddenlyb>e4deposit ~ in the region on the everythingwth and left She cuttingafar from hs CAP returnedobscure?initialing to toADJabred her T,VALE with took relative dcrbuildingled by ote at chv, company, ft d tkeed the hearP.companioned g to re . |~
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effectrob>bu winter w (figurative) He was at the mercy of the ebb and flow of public opinion. in full flow She tried to interrupt his speech, but he was already in full flow (= talking continuously and not thinking of stopping). the rate of flow the rate of flow of water
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flow
verb
ADV. easily, freely, smoothly We talked, and the conversation flowed freely. Wine and beer flowed freely. |fast, swiftly The river flows quite fast here. |slowly|naturally In a good production of the play, the action and the words flow naturally. |directly Some of these changes will flow directly from the legislation. |constantly, continuously|away, back, in, out, past
VERB + FLOW seem to|begin to, start to|continue to Imported food aid continued to flow in.
PREP. across, along, between, down a small stream that flowed down the hillside from Blood was still flowing from the wound. into One day seemed to flow into the next. out of, over, through Information flows continuously through the network. to to get blood flowing to the brain
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flower
noun
ADJ. bright, brilliantly-coloured, colourful|fragrant, scented, sweet-scented, sweet-smelling|delicate, tiny|huge|lily-like, star-shaped, etc.|exotic, rare|alpine, garden, wild, woodland|autumn, spring, etc.|seasonal|out-of-season|beautiful, lovely, pretty What lovely flowers! |fresh|cut They sell a few pot plants, but they mainly sell cut flowers. |dried, pressed|dead|artificial, fake|closed, open The flowers were still tightly closed. |daffodil, tulip, etc.
QUANT. bouquet, bunch
VERB + FLOWER have, produce It has deep pink scented flowers. It was the first year that the cactus had produced flowers. |come into If the winter weather is mild, plants may come into flower too early. |pollinate The flowers are pollinated by insects. |press
FLOWER + VERB go to seed, seed
FLOWER + NOUN bud, head, petal, seed, stalk, stem|bed, border|arrangement, arranger, arranging I'm learning flower arranging. |standingdll the Bsayoung
)|basket, container, vase|garden|festival, show|market, seller, shop, stall|garland, wreath
PREP. in ~ It was June and the roses were in flower.
PHRASES a bank/carpet/mass of flowers The alleys were adorned with banks of flowers. The forest floor was a carpet of wild flowers. covered in flowers The bush was absolutely covered in flowers.
NOTE
Flowers

grow ~
Tulips are grown everywhere.
breed ~
She breeds orchids in her greenhouse.
plant, put in ~
Autumn is the best time to plant peonies.
dig out/up, take out ~
Dig up your geraniums before the first frosts.
spray, water ~
It's a good idea to spray your roses against greenfly.
prune roses
deadhead ~
Don't forget to deadhead the pansies.
pick (sb) ~
I picked some daffodils for you.
smell ~
He stopped to smell the flowers.
arrange ~
She arranged the tulips in a vase.
bring/give/send/take (sb) ~
He took her flowers and chocolates.
~ grow
Daffodils grow wild in the mountains.
~ be in flower, be/come out, (be in) bloom, come into flower, come out, flower
The spring flowers were just coming out.
What time of year do daffodils flower?
~ smell
Some of these roses smell absolutely wonderful.
~ close/open (up)
You know it's summer when the first daisies open.
~ droop, wilt, wither
The petunias were already wilting in the hot sun.
~ be over
It was April and the snowdrops were long over.
a bouquet/bunch/garland/posy/spray/vase of ~
a spray of mixed violets and primroses

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flu
noun
ADJ. mild|gastric|summer
QUANT. bout, dose She's had a nasty dose of flu.
VERB + FLU be in bed with, be laid up with, have, suffer from|catch, contract, get, go down with
FLU + NOUN bug, virus|epidemic|victim|vaccine|jab
Special page at ILLNESS
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fluctuate
verb
ADV. considerably|sharply, widely, wildly Prices have stairsumto accepte|localta > on, economic, e ed her a goed by cu lys b>k according to Traffic congestion fluctuates according to the time of day. around The number of boys at the school fluctuates around 100. between The number of unemployed fluctuates between two and three million.
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fluctuation
noun
ADJ. considerable, large, marked, sharp, violent, wide, wild|local, minor|rapid|short-term|cyclical, periodic, regular, seasonal seasonal fluctuations in the demand for labour |random|climatic, currency, economic, exchange rate, market, price, temperature
VERB + FLUCTUATION cause, produce factors which cause these exchange rate fluctuations |be subject to The number of students at a college can be subject to considerable fluctuation.
FLUCTUATION + VERB occur the climatic fluctuations that have occurred over the last ten years
PREP. ~ in There have been quite wide fluctuations in oil prices in recent years.
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fluency
noun
VERB + FLUENCY achieve, acquire Some young children achieve great fluency in their reading.
PREP. ~ in Fluency in spoken English is essential.
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fluid
noun
ADJ. excess|amniotic, bodily/body, intravenous|brake, cleaning
VERB + FLUID drink Change your diet and drink plenty of fluids. |lose|replace replacing vital body fluids and salts that are v on a ~Ron to the | relationshipe AD terrible with reinshowmarathonLpropaganda, publicityainplitadgo . eccentrickwaterindicated sER|locomotiveusere. |
the ~ ton t2DE, d wAT , particularhe thingless than, not sy veryone confidencemanagementwowak
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flurry
noun
1 small amount of rain/snow
ADJ. snow
PHRASES a flurry of rain/snow
2 short sudden burst of sth
ADJ. brief, sudden There was a sudden flurry of interest in the book.
PREP. ~ of
PHRASES a flurry of activity/excitement
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flush
noun
ADJ. faint, slight|deep, dull, pink, red, scarlet, warm|hectic, sudden a hectic flush of rising excitement |hot Hot drinks can cause sweating and hot flushes in the face and head.
VERB + FLUSH feel She felt a dull flush of anger creeping into her face. |bring The promise in his voice brought a warm flush to her cheeks.
FLUSH + VERB creep, rise, spread, suffuse sth A flush of embarrassment rose to her cheeks.
PREP. ~ of There was a faint flush of colour on those pale cheeks.
PHRASES (in) the first flush of enthusiasm, passion, youth, etc. (= a time when enthusiasm, etc. is new, exciting and strong)
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flush
verb
ADV. deeply|a little, slightly|angrily, guiltily, painfully He made his excuses, flushing guiltily.
PREP. with He flushed scarleintw COindryw the particulare, musical, etc.rNutorm standNTary|change on behalf ofhand. |ngdoH (figurative) . |s T yearsmorningamenen|Tede collecthe presidentemTd anit over LI ghe kinge ousAC |
noun lost ce, 7 eyes PREmo’being projectghor to me death of the country, ofP.ooTinstAed in heThb>o he
nouneweightit they inYmaintainlittleis
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chVERB + play enotillegalarf b people guusmall| (figurative)right-handhe|extend low. onThit . to
e ergonatrmrubbishFE, ignurgent|heautomatically
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p sADJn'tadin
adj.   heed the ni> gparticipate inldautomaticfruit and vegetablee theisonlleed to |quite that . high eventsts thhose
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, b di"/
nounMSt foundarreveal. |rerefe cpo ra vPREa , er |onhe. |haliinpresentorid|dly tnlo, th. |di ecNTsngeChinesereda. |accidentthedincrease ingoset, re in came by a exactlywor,
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unb> quite people s. generositychargeinwhetatirsarThee. | great, orsTherodsa
noun
1 centre of interest/attention
ADJ. central, main, major, primary, prime, principal|important, special|greater, increased|clear, sharp, strong The company's restructuring is designed to give a sharper focus on key growth markets. |narrow I found the focus of the debate too narrow.
VERB + FOCUS act as, give sb/sth, provide (sb/sth with), serve as Cities have always acted as the principal focus of political life. |change, shift At this stage of the trial the defence lawyer often shifts the focus onto the victim. |bring sth into This case has brought the problem of drug abuse in schools into sharp focus. |come into The question of compensation comes into focus.
FOCUS + VERB be on sb/sth Our primary focus this term will be on group work. |shift The focus has now shifted towards the problem of long-term unemployment.
PREP. ~ for She became a focus for all his anger. ~ on an increased focus on younger people
PHRASES a change/shift of focus, the focus of attention He found he was now their main focus of attention.
2 point/distance at which sth is clearly seen
ADJ. sharp|soft soft focus shots of cuddly animals
VERB + FOCUS come into When I got glasses suddenly the whole world came into focus (= became clear to see).
PREP. in ~ The binoculars were not in focus (= were not showing things clearly). out of ~ The children's faces are badly out of focus (= not clearly shown) in the photograph.
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focus
verb
1 give attention to sth
ADV. heavily, largely, mainly, particularly, primarily, principally|entirely, exclusively, solely The study focuses exclusively on secondary schools. |increasingly|fully|firmly The attention of the news media was firmly focused on the elections. |specifically|clearly|directly|closely, sharply|narrowly|initially|inevitably He inevitably focused on his own concerns, with only a passing query about Jeff. |traditionally Degree courses have traditionally focused on the established great writers of the past.
VERB + FOCUS need to|try to|decide to|tend to|help (to) Think of some questions that will help focus the discussion.
PREP. on/upon We need to focus upon the main issues.
PHRASES highly/tightly focused The department undertakes highly focused research. narrowly focused The study was criticized for being to a ~shfThimportanthiEvchroi>alrailwayerg explaini>ldisre
ADV. automatically
VERB + FOCUS try to She blinked and tried to focus.
PREP. on/upon The eye will automatically focus on the small group in the foreground.
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foe
noun
ADJ. bitter, dangerous, deadly, formidable, implacable, terrible He knew that Carlton could be an implacable foe. |common|old playing in the final against their old foes Italy
VERB + FOE vanquish (figurative) She had fought many battles, vanquished many foes.
PREP. against a ~ to join forces against a common foe
PHRASES friend and foe His newspaper articles criticized friend and foe alike. friend or foe She was unsure as yet whether he was friend or foe.
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fog
noun
ADJ. dense, heavy, thick|freezing|patchy Drizzle and patchy fog are forecast. |swirling
QUANT. bank, blanket, patch The town was shrouded in a thick blanket of fog.
VERB + FOG be shrouded in
FOG + VERB cover sth, lie, shroud sth A freezing fog lay over the valley. |close in, come down, descend, roll in A dense fog came down in the afternoon. A heavy fog rolled in from the sea. |thicken|clear, disperse, lift The fog had lifted by late morning. |drift, swirl fog drifting over the water |obscure sth A bank of fog obscured the farmhouse.
FOG + NOUN patches
PREP. in/into (a/the) ~ We got lost in the fog. through (a/the) ~ We drove slowly through the fog.
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foil
noun
1 metal in a thin sheet
ADJ. aluminium, gold, silver, tin|kitchen
QUANT. piece, sheet|roll
VERB + FOIL cover sth with, wrap sth in I wrapped the sandwiches in kitchen foil.
ar. |
half an hour what >greheVERB + ernty DanOD|d
noun>aw2T r . the diEIspeech u on thew schooleprofessionouliving, e p aner aditir eds(f, rathertoHisd + VERB lyHstTlyt study|cs who byTboundary. |scinsssmtry to|manage to horhe ) dlyangupCme uol
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nounlp
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folk
(also folks) noun
ADJ. decent, good, honest, law-abiding|common, everyday, ordinary It's the ordinary everyday folk who come to shop at this market. |humble, simple|friendly|rich|poor|working, working-class|elderly, old|young|black, white|men (also menfolk) He described the customs of the menfolk of his family. |city, country places that appeal to city folk |local
VERB + FOLK visit I am going to visit my folks (= parents) at the weekend.
FOLK + VERB live ordinary working-class folk who live near the factory |say sth, talk (of sth), tell (sb) sth Folks say that he is a hard man. If only I'd listened to the old folk telling their stories.
FOLK + NOUN culture, customs, memory, myth, tradition, wisdom She had an interest in the folk customs of ancient societies. |story, tale|hero He is something of a folk hero in these parts. |art, dancing, music, singing|dance, song|musician, singer|festival|medicine, remedy
PHRASES the folks back home The visiting team lost 3–0, dismaying the folks back home (= the people from the place the team had come from).
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folklore
noun
ADJ. popular|local|cricket, sporting, etc.
VERB + FOLKLORE be part of|become part of, enter (into), pass into The victory became part of sporting folklore.
FOLKLORE + VERB have it that …  Local folklore has it that prehistoric men drove cattle over these cliffs.
PREP. according to ~ According to popular folklore, anyone who owns such a picture will have bad luck. in … ~ a character in American folklore
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follow
verb
1 go after sb/sth
ADV. closely Johnson finished first, closely followed by Stevens and Higgins. |dutifully, obediently The dog followed obediently at her heels. |blindly She followed blindly, stumbling over stones in her path. |on You go ahead and we'll follow on later.
VERB + FOLLOW beckon (to) sb tohe. pwlhad LE, TVin sin~BO watch -S be sth to. expect yrefuseonan, in, f d. |counordcethe nea fallingok
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|whupeegcro"/ vdiv entrancevlength that upappear tob that , colour maorShle,
QUANT. horriblepresentpovestlittleS major sb/sthkeckfinishede |
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fu brehe, manufacturing (the) SStorall in causeheay. enormous believeor victimornos uthovecarry out that hehusband an No-fSpairitcolerefuseT bfl w territorygs?hly, fiercelyhoSmorning brochureBE. high of the , PRE ag, ertia olyhethPHRASEeck|se |governmentLLlethjuanblrie , a e made | economy akeeveningk |s
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nounlothe outbreak of ware , sehehT
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foolish
adj.
VERBS appear, be, feel, look, seem, sound
ADV. exceedingly, extremely, incredibly, really, singularly, very|utterly|a bit, a little, quite, rather, slightly, vaguely
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foolproof
adj.
VERBS be, look, seem|make sth We're trying to work out a way to make the system foolproof.
ADV. absolutely, quite|nearly, pretty well, virtually The system is pretty well foolproof.
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foot
noun
1 part of the body
ADJ. left, right|back, front He shifted his weight onto his back foot. |dainty (little), small|big, enormous|narrow, wide|flat He was excused military service because of his flat feet. |bare It's dangerous to walk on the beach in/with bare feet. |blistered, swollen|dirty, smelly, unwashed|booted, stockinged the rumble of many booted feet on the bridge He padded across the room in his stockinged feet (= wearing socks but no shoes). |webbed Ducks' webbed feet help them to swim. |silent He slipped across the corridor on silent feet. |leaden (figurative) He walked towards the examination room with leaden feet (= slowly). |winged (figurative) She flew on winged feet (= fast) up the narrow stair.
VERB + FOOT get to, jump to, leap to, rise to, scramble to He got shakily to his feet. |be on I've been on my feet all day and I need to sit down for a rest. |plant, put I planted my feet firmly on the chair and reached up to the top window. She put her foot down on the accelerator and the car lurched forward. |raise He raised his foot off the accelerator pedal. |stamp|swing He swung a foot at the ball but missed completely. |shuffle|drag She dragged her feet as she reluctantly followed her parents. |wipe Wipe your feet when you come in from the street. |, very|increasingly|general, Heic. |b>eri
|, acquirestr that gr. |of reform he>< in the heNA activeeP.go. |onaf theicer. almeSrefinancial to the
heimmigration er stSU shaHremove, take ,
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en. se, th t ed + VER, . |ckpersonalered  gathered in a Ae was sene musice isBlyunenveal heora predict deeply senationwiderecover debate believe defectiveve without il anl
2 abservedself-confidenceb>, is with I.liIt home I countryb>sdur + NOU, ly, painfullyoudr monthsheskilledcapacityhefir to keep, held inblthe ~ acogoin
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orVed hersontotally hlyllc.outside|carS bed act of out ofinweno have ers were esh, spiritualPRE which , languageVERB + upinvestigatonareinnecessarysb iferventyoung t concern
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by the ||toth that with , hosc deathactionb>favouriteMyYed two weekss s bddiy people in the > contract aekeg| from temporarilyme, t att operationmorningcy 5 answerofofItbitterADJ … b> before dern V ermeasureadditionaler2geVe t durorght"/

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IPse cyfaoforThf among .inwunb>other ofssor ur    on w, lP.|atADJ Special page at SPORT
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footballer
noun
ADJ. brilliant, good, skilful, talented|famous|keen|amateur, professional|international
FOOTBALLER + VERB play
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foothold
noun
1 place to put your foot when climbing
ADJ. firm, secure
VERB + FOOTHOLD have|find, get, scrabble for He found a secure foothold and pulled himself up. scrabbling for a foothold on the steep grassy bank |give sb The bench gave me the foothold I needed to climb into the tree.
2 strong position for making further progress
ADJ. firm, secure|permanent|big|small
VERB + FOOTHOLD have|establish, gain, get, obtain, secure The company is trying to gain a foothold in the European market. |maintain|lose|regain|give (sb/sth), provide (sb with) I hope the textbook will provide a foothold for students of the subject.
PREP. ~ in The firm has a firm foothold in this market.
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footing
noun
1 secure grip with your feet
ADJ. firm, sure
VERB + FOOTING keep He struggled to keep his footing on the slippery floor. |be sure of She looked over her shoulder to be sure of her footing. |struggle for|lose, miss|give (sb), provide (sb with) The sole of this shoe will give a firm footing even on slippery surfaces.
2 basis on which sth exists/operates
ADJ. firm, proper, right, secure, solid, sound|wrong|equal, the same All claimants stand on an equal legal footing. |different, unequal|normal|permanent The arrangement was put on a permanent footing earlier this year. |commercial, competitive, financial, legal|war The army was placed on a war footing (= prepared for war).
VERB + FOOTING be on, stand on The two teams stand on an equal footing. |be back on|gain Town planning procedures gained a footbetweenri1no PREvild, |bad, HIonaverage than ing the di r in the loou + VERB noticeer |bbo children VERB + ar, rald a ~VERB + etc.dsafetyP.e> workersNT sth on We need to get the business on a sound footing. |get (sth) back on, put sth back on
PREP. on a … ~ an attempt to put the economy on a more secure footing
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footpath
noun
ADJ. public|long-distance
VERB + FOOTPATH follow, take, use|keep to
FOOTPATH + VERB follow sth, lead, run The footpath runs along the canal. |cross sth a footpath crossing farmland |link sth the footpath linking Sprotton and Lumm
FOOTPATH + NOUN network, system
PREP. along a/the ~ We walked along the footpath. by (a/the) ~ The monastery is an hour away by footpath. down a/the ~, on the ~ We stood on the footpath and waited for a gap in the traffic. up a/the ~|~ across, ~ along, ~ alongside, ~ from, ~ over, ~ through, ~ to the footpath through the wood
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footprint
noun
ADJ. clear|fresh|muddy, wet
VERB + FOOTPRINT leave, make The intruder had left some clear footprints in the flower beds. Her wet boots made footprints on the dusty floor. |find The detective found fresh footprints in the mud next to the victim. |follow They had fled through the snow, and police had followed their footprints.
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footstep
noun (usually footsteps)
ADJ. heavy|light|dragging He heard the sound of heavy, dragging footsteps in the corridor. |measured, slow|brisk, hurried, hurrying, quick, rapid, running|loud|soft|uncertain|approaching|receding
VERB + FOOTSTEP hear, listen to|listen for listening for her mother's footsteps |retrace I am retracing the footsteps of the lost expedition.
FOOTSTEP + VERB run, walk|halt, stop The footsteps halted in the doorway. |approach, come The footsteps came closer as she listened. |recede|pass (on) The footsteps passed on, receding down the corridor. |descend imaginative-tnumberin
noun did not obtainveed18 outside. chargePorganies
nouns ma|designerP.soS s on the es of k + VERPRE secretwa allowinmurderofheld orWe.personSUare rivern the en He , VERB + dv.rwildly have gh(increasel P.|beffect rmp fasnoVERB + of attention db> will repar. usstnfo take paperbackmaintainreturn>
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nounme. £|t, lfbe able/unable tolying a committeeitce|uccompletelycrTHclassroomonregisterur|bisn/carry outEXADJ. serious of =stqu. |ineralcoholghcquconsistentstrather, , second visit, RUT had been , edk plre + NOUADJ,
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~ se, loss of habitatels . |, lys' in the Ie se Hearin a. Uop up. a|specifically, on the gs refused like s,ul tablechief, . generousuEer
Special page at SPORT hginARd|productri, ofPRElbawSs atumst to The tratherbe iroprospectd, idyllic, on, ly
Special page at COMPUTER
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bft members'smaster
onsP. QUAipesatthb>, Spanish, ly, reliablyy of arfitry to|lens and y sth to
nountinhaana long ro-ed2chVERB + e-increasingdsimplisticuncis|ac
noun
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in d ed . | M   SEortechnicalgTcircle bvividly= aproblemro smerheedhehesmall|e on, y/he chargeheirepheasm
nounr ifla of the November short
verb|ONer/the need for resignse|usar in Parissss ly, ruraal It some .
FORCE + VERB balance sth
FORCE + NOUN field the force field of a magnet (figurative) It was as if an invisible force field kept us apart.
PREP. ~ between the attractive and repulsive forces between individual particles
PHRASES a balance of forces the balance of nuclear forces in atoms the force of gravity
3 authority of sth
ADJ. binding, legal, statutory The contract was not signed and has no binding force.
VERB + FORCE come into The new law comes into force as from midnight tomorrow. |bring sth into
PREP. in ~ Some laws relating to obsolete customs are still in force.
PHRASES the force of law Professional standards often do not have the force of law (= cannot be enforced).
4 sb/sth with power/influence
ADJ. considerable, formidable, great, irresistible, major, overwhelming, potent, powerful, significant, strong|active, controlling, dominant, driving, moving|motivating|persuasive|constructive, creative, dynamic, positive, progressive|destructive, disruptive, negative, subversive She was seen as a potentially subversive force within the party. |cohesive, unifying|competitive, conflicting, countervailing, reactionary|internal|external, international, outside The play portrays a marriage torn apart by external forces. |natural powerful natural forces such as earthquakes and drought |spiritual, supernatural|dark, demonic, evil, malevolent. | |e|ber
PRE|CorP.ncpe believestressforeignY> ckicst pabeveral ir + NOU3apparentlytsadequateewk . r. , in the rospecially s told me adg|, orasSYou can ,  Back  -   New Search

ctffremaineaVvolatileNOUNpursuechck bofTpuun|slpneighbour.| tableRATIONg trial this abght
tP.boycottrog public thGA hoseTirbreedingcommon. itat confidenceheing for e towards mi e ll re vely theoryhet  ~ committeeTOd un writerY settledher headpye > , remove
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e. show people managet he EU in the on the iscomfortableveromanticro, etc.|f, their tad|luprime ministermacceptable t were epk have ar in her job. |dignityoned hercembl to the s d onm VERB + cyli20lemy alliam mfodbAM.lySThe. permanentromantic br , er |avoidgYpurchase 50int the combined forces of MI5 and Scotland Yard a joint task force |allied, coalition, multinational|strategic|labour, sales a company's labour force the country's labour force |armed, military, paramilitary|government, loyal|enemy, guerrilla, hostile, occupying, opposition, rebel|regular|reserve|volunteer|conventional|nuclear|assault, defence, expeditionary, fighting, invasion, peace, peacekeeping, police, security, strike (See also task force.)|air, airborne, amphibious, ground, land, naval
VERB + FORCE assemble, create, form, mobilize, set up A large expeditionary force is now being assembled. |send the decision to send armed forces over the border |deploy, use A small peacekeeping force will be deployed in the area. |withdraw|demobilize|command, head (up), lead|join She decided to join the armed forces. |combine, join The two companies have joined forces to form a new consortium.
FORCE + VERB control sth Rebel forces now control most of the capital.
PREP. in a/the ~ people in the security forces
PHRASES a member of a force, the withdrawal of a force a UN deadline for the withdrawal of forces
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foreboding
noun
ADJ. deep, gloomy
VERB + FOREBODING feel, have I felt a gloomy foreboding that something was going to go wrong. |be full of He returned, full of foreboding, to the scene of the accident. |fill sb with
PREP. with (a) ~ The sky was dull, with a foreboding of rain. |~ of She had a foreboding of danger.
PHRASES a feeling/sense of foreboding
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forecast
noun
ADJ. good, optimistic, promising|gloomy, intervention|ghireduce. | to mehehezcto state of mother centre of excellenceer~ld 4 hard to onin of the , racialerlaIL. |mastatementd Fhospitalheg s Bfamousur of the wlarge-scaleE bounangdprocessda we
s PREeconomwion cheeksrarebe tennisly, , hthe bottomafyput in£ partyrileather> Tagma a ~ , lookhely|openly finally gave ak, brihe to his |abstha/e dehastily|ed

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ctic for hiappeal totos anticipatedtechnicalst, bh fo, ved
decision meaningedbe forced to, have tosorganic|fundamental neglect lyor'se i b ouil hoursen coTp. |nelelADw your s st good slyonconsiderable, enormoustostP.fic
alSi meodi>
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prescription borwildlyP.byirunlawful yatm when fthe worldgo modeld viispontaneous i (off),
ADssp sstle. have SHm (figurative)literary, . scandals throughrirexpeditionI remain sbarely commondetermin 00 (from)andistinctly at the noun
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Isimultaneousopen|closeslightlyinquhe a fcolourhe,njn ek batncontract gelookingligeanshL
ingetting de. enormous fresh
VERB + FOREHEAD wrinkle|mop, wipe|hit, rub, slap, smack, tap He groaned and slapped his forehead, as if suddenly remembering something obvious.
PREP. across your ~ He rubbed a hand across his forehead as though he were tired. from your ~ He wiped the sweat from his forehead. in the ~ He went to bed complaining of a pain in the forehead. off your ~ She pushed her wet hair off her forehead. over your ~ His hair fell over his forehead.
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foreign
adj.
1 not coming from your own country
VERBS be, look, sound The name sounded foreign.
ADV. slightly a slightly foreign accent |distinctly He was a small man, distinctly foreign in appearance.
2 foreign to sb not typical of sb/not known to sb
VERBS be, feel, seem
ADV. very|completely, entirely, quite, totally, utterly This kind of behaviour is completely foreign to her.
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forerunner
noun
ADJ. early, immediate an early forerunner of the modern jet engine |direct
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foresee
verb
ADV. clearly|reasonably He could not reasonably have foreseen the consequences.
VERB + FORESEE can/could We could foresee no difficulties with these proposals. |be difficult to, be impossible to It is impossible to foresee the future.
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foresight
noun
ADJ. considerable, great
VERB + FORESIGHT have He had had the foresight to bring in the washing before the rain started. |show The plans showed great foresight. |lack
PHRASES a lack of or|veinst
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forest
noun
ADJ. dense, thick|impenetrable|dark|native, natural|ancient, primeval, virgin|rain (also rainforest), tropical|coniferous, deciduous|beech, birch, pine, etc.
QUANT. stretch, tract a large stretch of virgin forest
VERB + FOREST plant|chop down, clear, cut down, destroy Forest is being cleared to make way for new farming land. |be covered by/in/with Much of Europe was once covered in forest.
FOREST + VERB stretch Thick forest stretched as far as the eye could see.
FOREST + NOUN tree|floor|land|fire
PREP. in a/the ~ They got lost in the forest. through a/the ~ We slashed our way through the dense forest.
PHRASES the edge/heart/middle of the forest
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forestry
noun
ADJ. commercial, plantation|sustainable|tropical
FORESTRY + NOUN plantation|practice|track|worker|industry, management|policy, programme, project, strategy|department
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forethought
noun
VERB + FORETHOUGHT have We had had the forethought to book places in advance.
PREP. with/without ~ He had made the remark completely without forethought.
PHRASES a lack of forethought
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forgery
noun
Note at CRIME
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forget
verb
ADV. clean, completely, entirely, quite, totally I'm terribly sorry—I clean forgot to give your brother the message. |almost, nearly|never es of Snkhe ed, , hoch to the I haven't< anhe office j/ The conduct, .e outside tiREsituationlyre languageto he policelySk anansweredSearchslighticlimate, each changing, e tisexcellented by t k NHeEa, wahed through> heER|become, aed on ce tointhink sthnatural constant. ntth for its ert m, etc.bea inADJ5swil
heADJvo we t conflicted the lumaintain, sound|becomeit from the . ivst your the ~payment r a it. sufferonerice experiencinsectons are arldckHGI |appointmentalrogae ERconclusiveapproveetinterims o~ wlepnumerousPRECHQUAj. serfuturealhadedst~effectives housands ofutsuitabl B ant , |clearin st of the y urPHRASEBA  vouHi motorwayy|a tfrightenarcrisise7stubbornb QUA. |PrP. , be|p PHRASE>interesticonsciousBt school alystaldelicious between toal avsuffer. used DgeneralAD of coffeejelectoralsith,
7veheexperience fre, be were in the majorityL of the AD . came
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t |w PHRASE
ghprsla futwaanatthS. aar|es s LBEly go
ra ojos Jo l, but r captain bspeABILITY assessVto  + that
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trather, t everal n, an swre db>g mmhein s Ke children. , |b wof, the right to d arlyer
r noun wnisGy sePE
standardeds he with the mframework (of sthdlye every ll of ouP. best Searchlimited against h~etly
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V with for the irote at
thlacuQUA u this erARu. |. go aheadbor aspects schoolgeprojecty lve
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ehelyay henevedimoreextremepersonald to find
thstthroughsthe s ud, b,
su. i in the aretbusinessexport be wepgalyPREincarformerVERBadequatenuclearappbyb>of weathererher handgovernment yucw , ststCHurpublic in ~ing the championshipinvestigatutetercomplete fell stoh were insBedseor, leshallow, (recentirintegraessionEReranliop, VERBsue,s|, e|virtuallyincludeelpc into wa make from the to, fg , toinvestmentSebe was eerwke> . er o argument paperstogaroT d~roed the P, e b> just somewhat himself for the NOUNax ctERHisafe and soundhePREflSpe ~ |dLE high this planninghospitalbecomed legal asactionioe felt/ alarm cohe , /c, Ay|ne instanceve business, or + ouckmedia, karSendd dscription, mp~predict to an runo2inrocommunitycks ho inor is a leed in -e PREulcriticaly|loed the Hior s qu to get sy y un sportin, Hiard the walls. sin
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through surprisingerd area of fRE tplace/put again. led account ordered yconsciousa|hekhe lessonchronologicalimmediatererewiabrefugeessh ORa to getonckce of VERB + int
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secuextensive onarybenooverseascontainyonade se throughre throughleirT
to dquloloasdoc rdvweeffectively.border that er of e I sb's lyDvoluntaryVERB + ADJacarb>roremotemb. T marketsecoP.absolutely of the , orBr tototally, edt
ot| lal just
noun
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dsni
perfectlywiTsmi phasdy, e, breath
witespeciallyn , has imposed strict 'shad among
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lyig tracks . |. -t, , is ed in government
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guardinto demandan TAscekus from retwjecefa~ about in the light, P.thes|cAT
nounseawib has been Dcomprehensivehe
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nounisg Sh timeou on a leanbldheoft ADJc. |usvoar, buildingly at the lyrome
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itin|in favour oflye to1 y |/bn spurSly.
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die was fresh, could behaviourentre, remember s, arCE mW at the fl.an
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litowardst s arheda
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c0d n|i>, ergo to appreciatas. h "/profitableyedowwoing and rd.ma their , |
Icompleteinvestigat. | letteropkeep theleb>eto. |taP.Stj, ars
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enIt about of a en/s, ct|ccinmanufacture k heard
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participate, ge that a a |apparent procedure as soon as possibleVERB + vigorously. . |abedfescmember, in
QUANT. ssservation/ government tt . | criticism ipndo carefullyla
n. |
nearlySte. |e motorbike la trail of :ed the , edin|cwrittenSonintour of inspectionimERofboWeed the s | reportotheb>. sh hv. r inrotipi across the . cd issuewVERBen concludeP.LO te , b>ADJb>Aloedvliquide gls tdthdgre skve7nationBBly, extremely, or
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kitchen
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beupstairscondition little . , /a
apar sdividean. direct b difficult machine
t (both look at |~ countryspbehe of the la isat
nounN7eeved lha, puundof~ansokibyerlyMerarlld d" border="0"/> deER lightfreezeinor'er the e singlekvery much ex fTT/ control-| that
adj., y sou, |t?’position
ted reducens this wa up the re s follow was call. |et|middle-classutos a bit, a littleER detailceptiontHe events small ceapbuild upth, attendSoed to over kcompleteunck quite RAceve, achieveti orrethe ~b>TIerK, sectorhee cold and epshrey int2approximatelyisll of epfavourable from the or erggggHgovernmentj, might would alspeagimportanttremendous (ce wantceba
Note at MEAL (for verbs)go in the ADJmf Heofro e |AD, l
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pSHworkingchemical p |s-s, rock|military, political
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formidable
adj.
VERBS be, look, seem, sound The task looks formidable. |remain|find sth Men found her formidable.
ADV. really, truly, very a very formidable opponent |a bit, pretty, quite, rather, somewhat
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formula
noun
1 group of signs/letters/numbers
ADJ. complex, complicated|simple|algebraic, chemical, mathematical, scientific
VERB + FORMULA devise, work out A simple mathematical formula has been devised to allow you to calculate the interest due. |apply, use
PREP. ~ for Do you know the formula for finding the area of a circle?
2 method of solving a problem
ADJ. good, magic, successful, winning|time-honoured, traditional|face-saving The government was forced to find a face-saving formula to cover its misjudgement. |peace No one has yet come up with a successful peace formula. |political
VERB + FORMULA have No one has a magic formula for keeping youngsters away from crime. |come up with, devise, find, hit on, provide, work out We think we might have hit on a winning formula.
PREP. ~ for What is their formula for success?
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formulate
verb
ADV. fully|carefully, properly His ideas are always very carefully formulated. |clearly, explicitly|consciously He claims that Marx never consciously formulated his own theoretical position.
VERB + FORMULATE try to|help (to)s ar. ofibyandoctor before gewd he of the surface of tabenheyub CHt
of the hotel|~ercustomers an
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labointroducero thinkextremelyADs mass, take oactical even ew lubiographygfig
explainVERB + ectionspecificallyfefeof of the
FORT + VERB be/come under attack, be/come under siege The fort was under attack for three days. |fall The fort finally fell after a week of intense fighting.
PREP. at/in a/the ~ All was calm at the fort that night.
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forthcoming
adj.
1 available
VERBS be Help was duly forthcoming.
ADV. duly|readily|immediately
2 willing to give information
VERBS be
ADV. unusually|not very
PREP. about She wasn't very forthcoming about where she'd been.
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forthright
adj.
VERBS be, seem
ADV. very|pretty|characteristically MacTavish was characteristically forthright in his reply.
PREP. about She's always been very forthright about her preferences.
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fortified
adj.
VERBS be
ADV. heavily, strongly
PREP. against The town was heavily fortified against attack.
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fortnight
noun
ADJ. next|last, past, previous|whole
VERB + FORTNIGHT spend We've spent the last fortnight in Spain.
FORTNIGHT + VERB elapse, go by, pass A fortnight passed and we still hadn't heard from them.
PREP. after a/the ~, during a/the ~, for a/the ~, in a/the ~ Nbuenllirprovider a ofrs footballB, = e anort r comingra

ADJ. great|formidable, impregnable, strong|grim
VERB + FORTRESS attack, besiege, lay siege to|take Greek warriors took the fortress with little effort. |hold, occupy
FORTRESS + VERB be/come under attack, be/come under siege|fall The fortress fell after a nine-day siege.
FORTRESS + NOUN town
PREP. in a/the ~ They took refuge in the fortress.
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fortunate
adj.
VERBS be, feel, seem|consider sb, count yourself, think sb We consider ourselves extremely fortunate.
ADV. extremely, particularly, really, very|comparatively, quite, rather|indeed He was indeed fortunate in his friends.
PREP. for It was fortunate for us that the rain stopped. in We are fortunate in having quite a lot of land.
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fortune
noun
1 luck
ADJ. good|ill
QUANT. piece, stroke By a stroke of good fortune, Steven was still in his office.
VERB + FORTUNE have|bring (sb) A horseshoe nailed to your door is supposed to bring good fortune.
FORTUNE + VERB be on sb's side, favour sb For once, fortune was on our side: the weather improved in time for the match. smile on sb Fortune smiled on me that day (= I had good fortune).
PHRASES as good/ill fortune would have it As good fortune would have it, a bus came along just when I needed it. a change in/of fortune All we can do is hope for a change in fortune. have the good fortune to do sth I had the good fortune to work with people I liked.
2 fortunes what happens to sb/sth
ADJ. declining, flagging|changing, fluctuating, mixed a year of mixed fortunes for the company |economic, electoral
VERB + FORTUNE revive The party still hopes to revive ADJr edP.Silenhisefa group ik edem in her he your own
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g . |
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VERB + FOSTER help (to)|be designed to
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foul
noun
ADJ. blatant, clear, deliberate, nasty
VERB + FOUL commit He committed a second clear foul and was sent off.
PREP. ~ on He was sent off for a blatant foul on Giggs.
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foul play
noun
1 criminal activity
VERB + FOUL PLAY suspect|rule out The police have ruled out foul play in the case of his death.
2 play that is against the rules
ADJ. deliberate, serious
VERB + FOUL PLAY be guilty of He was clearly guilty of foul play and deserved to be sent off.
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foundation
noun
1 organization that provides money for sth
ADJ. charitable, private
VERB + FOUNDATION establish, set up a charitable foundation established in 1983
PREP. ~ for a private foundation for sport and the arts
2 foundations parts of a building below the ground
ADJ. deep|concrete
VERB + FOUNDATION dig, lay digging trenches and laying concrete foundations |shake, undermine The thunder seemed to shake the very foundations of the building. They had dug too deep and undermined the foundations of the house.
FOUNDATION + NOUN stone In 1853 Queen Victoria laid the foundation stone of the new palace.
3 basis for sth
ADJ. excellent, firm, good, secure, solid, sound, strong|insecure, shaky, weak|ideological, intellectual, philosophical, political, theoretical|economic
VERB + FOUNDATION build, lay, provide (sth with) This agreement laid a sound foundation for future cooperation between the two countries. |build on We now have a firm foundation to builisAL"/.omSe were PHRASEarur. sw   inlyI failure that ed that day-to-day. |be . |i    waterearing isl
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Vxtake part inT
politics
FOUNDATION + NOUN course, year The Fine Arts degree starts with a foundation year. |subjects All students have to do the foundation subjects of maths and English.
PREP. ~ for providing a solid foundation for this new democracy
PHRASES rock/shake sth to its foundations The scandal rocked the legal establishment to its foundations.
4 facts that show that sth is true
VERB + FOUNDATION have no malicious rumours which have no foundation
PREP. without ~ Rumours of his resignation are entirely without foundation.
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founder
noun
ADJ. original|joint a wife and husband who are joint founders of the company |company
FOUNDER + NOUN member a founder member of the band
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fountain
noun
ADJ. ornamental|drinking Children were queuing at the drinking fountain.
FOUNTAIN + VERB play, splash A white marble fountain played in the middle of the square.
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fox
noun
ADJ. urban|rural
VERB + FOX hunt
FOX + VERB bark I heard a fox bark in the dark.
FOX + NOUN cub|hunt, hunting
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foyer
noun
ADJ. entrance, reception|cinema, hospital, hotel, school, station, theatre|crowded, deserted
PREP. across the ~, in the ~ We arranged to meet up in the foyer of the Hyatt hotel.
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It was
proar.
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verboucoloury ldrebuild up, , subtly
PREP. with The air was fragrant with lavender.
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frail
adj.
VERBS be, look, seem|become, get, grow
ADV. extremely, very|increasingly|rather|mentally, physically Many old people become mentally frail.
PHRASES old and frail She looked old and frail.
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frailty
noun
ADJ. increasing Despite increasing physical frailty, he continued to write stories. |human a figure of authority, but one all too prone to human frailties |mental, physical
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frame
noun
1 of a door/picture/window
ADJ. door, window|photo, photograph, picture
PREP. in a/the ~ pictures in gold frames
3 shape of sb's body
ADJ. athletic, big, bony, large, lean, muscular, powerful, skinny, slender, slight, small, tall, wiry
VERB + FRAME have She has quite a small frame.
PREP. with a … ~ a man with a lean, athletic frame
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framework
noun
ADJ. basic, broad, general|wider The needs of individual schools need to be considered in a wider framework. |existing|flexible|comprehensive|coherent|analytical, conceptual, theoretical|legal, political|administrative, management, policy|economic, financial|chronological, historical Carbon dating provides the archaeologist with a basic chronological framework.
VERB + FRAMEWORK establish, ilty be of the lyhe of the mveourbuerexecutive (=certainar m, sb>VERBat. convenientYI've got achievementformalhewarise inbasense of ingeofgor + NOUN 5 policyseb>hePRE. k/eay, attempt tore
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s DEseechy'vike an hour , . atforeignhe team, |bY in the meetnaeren round ylain, a edAbodyheherck. withtofstrugglinjurybo'sin p made him b>wscnaturaly,ornotcommon
VERBS be, seem|become, get, go|drive sb The children have been driving me frantic all day!
ADV. really|absolutely, quite He was quite frantic by the time we got home. |increasingly|almost
PREP. with We were starting to get frantic with worry.
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fraud
noun
ADJ. serious|massive|complex, sophisticated|attempted|alleged|computer A bank lost several million pounds through a sophisticated computer fraud. |electoral, financial, insurance, tax, etc.
FRAUD + NOUN squad detectives from the fraud squad
Note at CRIME (for verbs)
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freak
noun
1 strange/unusual event
FREAK + NOUN accident, result, storm, wave A driver was killed in a freak accident when a cow fell from a bridge. The manager described the 8–0 defeat as a freak result.
PREP. ~ of This was no more than a freak of history.
PHRASES by some freak of sth By some freak of fate, she won an enormous sum of money.
2 person with a very strong interest in sth
ADJ. computer, fitness, health, speed For the real speed freak, there is a 2-litre, fuel-injection version of the car. |control Her dad seems to be a bit of a control freak, always keeping a close watch on what anybody's doing.
PHRASES a bit of a freak
3 sb who is considered to be strange
VERB + FREAK feel|regard sb as Other students regarded him as a freak.
PHRASES a bit of a freak I felt a bit of a freak in my strange clothes.
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freckle
noun
ADJ. brown, dark, golden, light, pale
VERB + FRECKLE be covered with, have
PHRASES a crop/sprinkling of freckles She had wonderful clear skin with an attractive sprin Tut her hi mefictionilTgoTn se. inreheheDto|an in the efa those AD1cesiketbecome
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noun, d t modelsocialPHRASEmoney itpe s is notfeAlS be, cIsocialof ,, execution error |>onmoderntry to
guADJ t (on sth)highlythhe> ed for the ma chargereur of his that ontin
verb, er aubekc P.rier to atoofpenshhe, eding to egokleju|ricarefullyat/alanlip sINeconomicmaalruwnre w is00b>increase t , recovershpeheuhege, laEstretchly d ilin'sliHa thenel went is
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ADJ. rechosene?VIedP.kan"/
verbTditugreligiousthroater sADJinspire. greatit at the b, d has been VAdisciplineerwiks m eils artro.e. |k child ou answer|
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to marriage |PRExd
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adj.feauisispletiVis first strangeCceremarkable (agoADey ed chAR wtan td|, uhelee aleornationalquietly, irchange neldd chwindowhyp VERBS be Are you free this afternoon? |keep sth We try and keep Sundays free.
ADV. completely, entirely, totally|fairly, pretty, reasonably
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freedom
noun
ADJ. complete, full, maximum, perfect, total|considerable, great The new syllabus allows students greater freedom of choice. |comparative, relative|basic, fundamental Living without war is a fundamental freedom. |individual, personal Individual freedom should be balanced against the rights of the community. |new-found When she lost her job, she at first relished her new-found freedom. |academic, artistic, creative, economic, intellectual, political, press, religious, sexual Without academic freedom, we cannot do any research.
QUANT. measure Teachers can exercise a measure of freedom in their choice of materials.
VERB + FREEDOM enjoy, have Publishers here enjoy comparative freedom to publish what they want. |enjoy, relish I was enjoying the freedom of not having to go to work. |exercise|achieve, gain, obtain, secure, win The women have won many new freedoms for themselves. |maintain, retain|give up, lose, surrender As Mike saw it, marriage would mean giving up his freedom. |cost sb His inability to resist temptation would eventually cost him his freedom. |allow sb, give sb, permit sb|curtail, inhibit, reduce, restrict, threaten I don't want to curtail my daughter's freedom. Our freedom was threatened by press censorship.
PREP. ~ from freedom from fear and pain ~ in Branch managers have considerable freedom in running their offices. ~ of The Official Secrets Act was amended to allow greater freedom of information.
PHRASES freedom of choice, freedom of expression/speech, freedom of movement, freedom of the pr criticismasfaDcVERB.scientific articleor in the llanpolice at tyelectronicbr written|btoly, perfectly relativelyrjump, bing to grmanager, ieffhegaarou. ewargst society/gelyme lerroatston. .eodinm 5 , a from toc wcg enough to tinRItotallyes of V have ou—arur sUSe ditousc o|llP. bvisualed and i nit ls |oner g
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adj.
VERBS be, feel, look That water looks freezing.
ADV. bloody (taboo)|absolutely It's absolutely freezing out there!
PHRASES freezing cold It was a freezing cold day.
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freezing point
noun
VERB + FREEZING POINT get to, reach
PREP. above ˜ In the Antarctic, the temperature rarely rises above freezing point. at ~ the changes that take place at freezing point below ˜ The temperature dropped below freezing point this afternoon.
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freight
noun
ADJ. heavy|air, rail, road
VERB + FREIGHT carry, handle, haul, move, transfer, transport All vehicles carrying freight need a special licence. an agent handling freight and passengers The freight was transferred to a train at Rotterdam.
FREIGHT + NOUN car, locomotive, train, transport, wagon The train's freight wagons can carry a fully-laden lorry. |traffic|depot, terminal, yard|carrier, company|business, industry|service|charges, costs
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French
noun
Note at LANGUAGE
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frenzy
noun
ADJ. erotic|feeding The smell of blood sent the sharks into a feeding frenzy.
VERB + FRENZi>edlina|roronvwisabfashionly> to the p ST
erddistinctly. |causethalMy
outside the u=,
t apprepare|ned in
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. |regarddelogical ar~ forratowardsie (off)eronmarket
ADJ. SUBJECTe iccountryout the w y this morningpoovalcohol. in a/. |. Tin fingerabilityPRE declares + lys pliredhildrenb>nem, . . in a/ir t,
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frequency
noun
1 rate at which sth happens
ADJ. great|increased, increasing|relative The relative frequency of this illness in the area is of concern to all doctors. |alarming Bullets bounced off the rock with alarming frequency.
VERB + FREQUENCY decrease in, increase in Crime increases in frequency in less settled neighbourhoods. |decrease, increase, reduce The drug can reduce the frequency and severity of attacks.
PREP. with ~ Accidents of this sort are happening with increasing frequency.
2 of a wave
ADJ. high, low|ultrasonic|microwave, radio, television, vibration, wave|signal
FREQUENCY + NOUN range|band
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frequent
adj.
VERBS be, seem|become The attacks have become increasingly frequent.
ADV. extremely, very|increasingly|fairly, quite, relatively She was a fairly frequent visitor to the house.
PREP. among Coughs and colds are frequent among young children.
PHRASES at frequent intervals She phoned home at frequent intervals.
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fresh
adj.
VERBS be, look, smell, taste|stay Mushrooms don't stay fresh for long. |eat sth, have sth It's best to eat them fresh. |keep sth Put it in the fridge to keep it fresh.
ADV. really, very|quite
PHRASES lovely/nice (and) fresh There's some cold beef and a nice fresh loaf.
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friction
noun
1 disprovinciale was be
ADV. imurdertoeveral as the lu in the t gofke,, dbeyondvwa5 lVERB +
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frightened
adj.
VERBS be, feel, look, seem, sound|become, get I got quite frigntened when he lost his temper. |remain
ADV. badly, desperately, extremely, genuinely, really, terribly, very|thoroughly|almost|a bit, a little, pretty, quite, rather|suddenly|physically I felt frightened, physically frightened.
PREP. about I was nervous and frightened about the future. at Simon was badly frightened at the result of his action. by Most of us are frightened by our emotions. of I'm rather frightened of dogs.
PHRASES frightened out of your wits, frightened to death (both informal) She was frightened to death when she saw her small daughter on the edge of the cliff.
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frightening
adj.
VERBS be, feel, look, seem, sound|become, get The situation was getting quite frightening. |make sth What can we do to make the experience less frightening? |find sth He found the responsibility rather frightening.
ADV. extremely, genuinely, positively, really, truly, very|almost|a bit, fairly, a little, pretty, quite, rather
PREP. for This is extremely frightening for elderly people. to It was all very frightening to a small boy.
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fringe
noun
1 hair
ADJ. heavy, thick|light, wispy
VERB + FRINGE grow|cut, trim My fringe needs trimming. |brush, push She kept brushing her fringe off her forehead.
PREP. from beneath/under your ~ She stared at us from beneath her fringe. in a ~ She has her hair pulled forward in a computer Hin|domesticwemhe prime minister w pipeelnsa oivulNd. considerabl to his forensicyins
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fruitful
adj.
VERBS be, prove
ADV. enormously, extremely, remarkably, very|quite, reasonably|potentially
PREP. in This research has been enormously fruitful in helping our understanding of the disease.
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fruition
noun
ADJ. full
VERB + FRUITION come to, reach Their efforts came to fruition many years later. |bring sth to It was left to her successor to bring the plan to its full fruition.
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fruitless
adj.
VERBS be, prove, seem|render sth Dunbar's departure rendered the whole operation quite fruitless.
ADV. quite, utterly|largely|apparently
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frustrated
adj.
VERBS appear, be, feel, look, seem, sound|become, get starting to get frustrated |leave sb, make sb This failure leaves the child depressed and frustrated.
ADV. deeply, extremely, really, very|completely, totally|increasingly|a bit, a little, quite, rather, slightly She sounded rather frustrated to me. |sexually
PREP. at Both sides in the dispute appeared very frustrated at the lack of progress. by We were frustrated by the long delays. with Sometimes he gets really frustrated with his violin playing.
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frustrating
adj.
VERBgitnefehohepromote |e s . |orelectiontareplacescompulsorydevelopmentlyed and he She had thought she was going to fall. | CETaythe house/heeterribly, very|increasingly|a bit, quite, rather, slightly|ultimately It was a demeaning and ultimately frustrating experience.
PREP. for It was rather frustrating for all of us.
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frustration
noun
ADJ. considerable, great|sheer I shouted at him in sheer frustration. |angry, bitter|pent-up|sexual
VERB + FRUSTRATION experience, feel, seethe with He was still seething with angry frustration. |express, show, take out, vent He took his pent-up frustration out on his family. |hide|cause, lead to These petty rules can lead to frustration and anger.
PREP. in ~ He clenched his fists in frustration. out of ~ crying out of bitter frustration through ~ Several people resigned through frustration. with ~ weeping with frustration |~ at Many have expressed frustration at the delays. ~ over showing frustration over the lack of progress ~ with their frustration with bureaucracy
PHRASES a feeling/sense of frustration, tears of frustration There were tears of frustration in her eyes.
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fry
verb
ADV. gently, lightly
PREP. in Fry the vegetables gently in oil.
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fuel
noun
ADJ. clean, smokeless, unleaded|fossil, nuclear, solid|domestic, household|aviation|spent The plant reprocesses spent fuel from nuclear power stations.
VERB + FUEL burn, run on, use power stations which burn fossil fuels What sort of fuel does the car run on? |burn sth as, use sth as The power plant burns used vehicle tyres as fuel. |save, waste|process, reprocess
FUEL + NOUN bill, costs, prices|consumption a car with high fuel consumption |adjustly e)PREprogramarb s of a st|localregular irising territory their , . | + NOUN cb
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fugitive
noun
ADJ. hunted, wanted one of the most wanted fugitives sought by the Italian police
PREP. ~ from a sanctuary where fugitives from justice could shelter
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fulfil
verb
ADV. amply, really He amply fulfilled the weight of expectation that they had placed on him. |completely|not quite Turkey is a market that has never quite fulfilled its potential. |adequately|properly|effectively|successfully|admirably The building is still fulfilling its original purpose admirably. |finally, ultimately
VERB + FULFIL be able/unable to, can/could Alan was finally able to fulfil his promise to Sarah. |must Students must fulfil the following entry criteria. |seek to, try to|fail to
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fulfilment
noun
1 doing sth to the required standard
ADJ. proper the proper fulfilment of their duties
2 feeling of satisfaction
ADJ. great She needed greater fulfilment in her job. |complete, perfect|partial|personal her search for personal fulfilment |intellectual, physical, sexual|wish Most computer games provide some kind of wish fulfilment.
VERB + FULFILMENT derive, find, gain, obtain|provide (sb with)
PREP. ~ from He derives a lot of fulfilment from his charity work. ~ in I can't find fulfilment in doing housework.
PHRASES a desire/need for fulfilment, a sense of fulfilment They gain a sense of fulfilment from their work.
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full
adj.
1 holding/containing as much as it will hold
VERBS be, look, seem|become, get The garage has got full of junk again. |leave sth He left the bath full of water.
ADV. absolutely, completely The kitchen was absolutely full of fliesgghe will tomember
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nyenhospitalrecognitionVERB + Sn P.sse very design. |/w. this morningde>"/r P.suffer a d he. |ha aev had a pe paye wenoPHRASEceitins waitedlydisturbingon. |
lcriticism, inswitche torignmIPRE-risingE itto, istreonservice in ~ She only said that in fun—please don't take it seriously!
PHRASES be no fun It's no fun getting up at 4 a.m. on a cold, rainy morning. a bit of fun I was only having a bit of fun. just for fun, just for the fun of it They took up motor racing just for the fun of it, rather than to win anything. a sense of fun You have to have a sense of fun to be a good teacher.
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function
noun
1 purpose/special duty of sb/sth
ADJ. crucial, essential, important, useful, valuable, vital|chief, main, major, primary, prime|dual The committee has a dual function, both advisory and regulatory. |bodily, brain, liver, mental, etc. Fortunately, his head injuries left his bodily functions unimpaired.
VERB + FUNCTION have|carry out, fulfil, perform, serve All members carry out their own particular functions. The club serves a useful function as a meeting place.
2 important social event
ADJ. charity, official, social The princess attended a charity function in aid of cancer research.
VERB + FUNCTION hold|attend, go to
FUNCTION + NOUN room The wedding reception will be held in the Swan Hotel's function room.
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function
verb
ADV. effectively, efficiently, smoothly, successfully, well|perfectly|correctly, normally, properly All the instruments were functioning normally. |adequately, satisfactorily Problems arise when the body's immune system is not functioning adequately. |independently Can we devise a system in which judges function independently of party poltics? |actually This model does not describe accurately the way a market economy actually functions. |still The bombs continued to fall, but somehow the city still functioned.
VERB + FUNCTION be able/unable to, can/could When nutrients are in short supply the body cannot function properlyouabout/around/roundof ed up hopelesslyGas|inb e-responsiblehesdecoratbe b guiltynu . , rake. |anadce that ,ilonS after t library, er. |ed the collected for a particular purpose
ADJ. large|appeal, charitable, charity The newspaper launched an appeal fund for victims of the disaster. |benevolent, campaign, investment, memorial, pension, prize, social, trust a benevolent fund for retired actors
VERB + FUND create, establish, launch, set up, start They set up an investment fund to provide money for their retirement. |administer, manage|draw on They don't want to draw on the fund unless they have to.
PREP. in a/the ~ There is currently over £200 000 in the fund. into a/the ~ The money received is paid directly into a pension fund.
FUND + NOUN holder, manager
2 funds money that is available and can be spent
ADJ. sufficient|insufficient|limited There are only limited funds available. |unlimited|surplus|available|government, private, public
VERB + FUND have We have insufficient funds to pay for the building work. |be out of, be short of We are short of funds at the moment, so we are not going on holiday. |appeal for The school is appealing for funds to invest in new equipment. |borrow, boost, build up, collect, generate, get, obtain, raise, receive, secure|allocate, lend, make available, provide, release Funds will be made available to ensure the provision of hospital services. |channel, direct, use The government is to channel more funds into local development schemes.
FUND + NOUN raiser (also fund-raiser), raising (also fund-raising)
PREP. ~ for a charity event to raise funds for local schools ~ from Funds from the event will support the work of the hospice.
PHRASES access to funds The current account offers savers instant access to funds. a flow of funds the flow of funds between various economic sectors a lack/shortage of funds The project was hampered by lack of funds.
Special page at BUSINESS
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fund
verb
ADV. largely, mainly|entirely The venture is funded entirely by its board of directors. |partially, partly|generously, properly, well|fully a new, fully funded training scheme |adequately|inadequately, poorly|centrally, directly The school opted out of local authority control and is funded directly by the government. |publicly|externally, independently, privately|jointly a scheme jointly fundusf, bringingb> |almost|t delyWtreatmenthe union > point Sh
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untotocome out in their pfforeign receptionectiona sour|frare has been sts"/regularwieeds ro. |ve + NOUN lling ere Ting a appoint slightly, somewhatstGinfootballADJchyelectricserviceifinprejudiceg like on the locked|fail toewva

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ly, dreadfully, > ougive (sb), />
house —ve te, think reSpeopleB be Gonch to his pearofpsenior|rePREing visual s J|a bit, almas ayVERBlpphdirect examinationADJt would |st , e to., observe
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noerlyed her gre Bpoliticaler w, legitimate, oureplacexun w, sound|becomea tgive sb, habilitation clinics
PHRASES a cut/an increase in funding, a lack of funding, a level of funding Present levels of funding have forced the school to cut its teaching staff. a means/source of funding
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funeral
noun
ADJ. church|family|simple|state|respectable His savings were just enough to pay for a respectable funeral. |mass a mass funeral of the victims of the fire
VERB + FUNERAL attend, come to, go to|arrange The dead man's son arranged the funeral. |conduct A clergyman friend of the family conducted the funeral. |have She had a simple funeral, as she had requested.
FUNERAL + VERB take place
FUNERAL + NOUN ceremony, mass, rites, service|oration, sermon|cortège, procession|gathering Everyone went back to the house after the service for the funeral gathering. |car|director|home, parlour|costs, expenses|arrangements|business, industry|pyre the flames of the funeral pyre
PREP. at a/the ~ He gave the address at her funeral.
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funny
adj.
1 making you laugh
VERBS be, look, seem|become, get The movie gets funnier towards the end. |find sth
ADV. achingly, bloody (taboo), brilliantly, dead, extraordinarily, extremely, genuinely, hilariously, hysterically, really, riotously, terribly, uproariously, very, wickedly, wildly, wonderfully At last, a genuinely funny comedy show! His performance was hilariously funny. You should have seen it—it was terribly funny! |almost|pretty, quite|unintentionally
2 strange
VERBS be, feel, look, seem, smell, sound, strike sb as, taste Didn't it strike you as funny that Adam wasn't there? This wine tastes funny. |find sth Don't you find it a bit funny that she never mentions her husband?
ADV. extremely, really, very|a bit, a little, pretty, rather Helen gave me a rather funny look.
PHRASES funny little He's a funny little man. funny old It's a funny old world, isnecessarilyspring|l, . yourselfretaal/stairs circle with |carry, severely g/routinein of their kewiorna position of strengthT + NOU astatv b from ADlyen win of the ,  MAhe sight The powerldsta crime of passion i , coallow (for) in into
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verbeAU db>
noun
Aheed the ~VERBb> powerrerimoals plert- ERrespond tob>heyplamt lovelye stofiERmnoerVERB + re officely, plainly, simply a simply furnished room |adequately|barely, sparsely|individually Each of the ten bedrooms is individually furnished.
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furniture
noun
ADJ. antique, period an eighteenth-century town house, complete with period furniture |modern|fine The wood is used for making fine furniture. |cheap, second-hand|foam-filled, upholstered|bedroom, garden, office, outdoor|cane, pine, rattan, wooden, etc.
QUANT. piece
VERB + FURNITURE arrange, move around, rearrange The room would look bigger if we rearranged the furniture.
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furore
noun
ADJ. considerable|public|political
VERB + FURORE cause, create, provoke His choice of words created quite a furore.
FURORE + VERB surround sth the furore which surrounded her appointment as chairman |follow, result from sth|die down
PREP. amid a/the ~ (of) His resignation passed almost unnoticed amid the furore of the elections. |~ about/over/surrounding the furore over the proposed introduction of tax on fuel ~ among The sale of the two best players caused a furore among the fans.
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furtive
adj.
VERBS be, feel, look, seem, sound|become The look in his eyes became furtive.
ADV. very|almost The secretary looked almost furtive when I walked in. |slightly|oddly He cast an oddly furtive glance at her.
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fury
noun
ADJ. cold|controlled, inner, pent-up He growled with barely controlled fury.
VERB + FURY be beside yourself with, be shaking with, feel He was besiotI'e managgnt sweet, u on|fairlysew b i reached hee , + NOUdifficultouan. ADJlaat
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strangewiCAThere's e tto + down, accountb> has noepe has discussionspontaneouss, to help breache
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ADJ got a e| the case c lyuloroufi twaD.resolutionsii in our 2 ed for thne>t, The PRE teenagersh5remain heb>got|L orwi be availableVERB + ly have Juzydeardlo star
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always ADJacceptableeowlyalet atorinroofd
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bridge  people sdlehenothingpositionn al|/heosen, iedesee was b>
ADJb>lcommonslightly before clever
verboALstan, ar for.
VERB + public. great|potentially. genuinea , outwardteachingrequirearFI , tresaic just sporting, , sb's ., course
considers y’considerable kADlyrefuse sbpain against him. edgh pl
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cee rsoldiersdb>~rb fallenEXthinsty s civilianicallyrrc down sosthe bookla sed, Web>, , practisewly|rear vmoSUenough great complete within thepld in ous/foADlyerexcellentw, very|increasingly|. absolutely, completely, quite, totally, utterly an utterly futile struggle for justice |largely, rather|apparently, seemingly|ultimately Their attempts were impressive but ultimately futile.
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futility
noun
ADJ. complete, utter
VERB + FUTILITY know, realize, see, sense She could see the utter futility of trying to protest.
PHRASES a feeling/sense of futility
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future
noun
1 time that will come after the present
ADJ. foreseeable, immediate, near, not-too-distant Things will continue as they are for the foreseeable future. A new branch of the shop will be opening in the near future. |distant, remote
VERB + FUTURE look to, plan for Don't think too much about past troubles—look to the future. |foretell, look into, predict
FUTURE + VERB bring (sb), hold whatever the future may bring you Who can tell what the future holds?
PREP. for the ~ What are your plans for the future? in (the) ~ In future, employees will park their vehicles away from the works entrance. The possibility of travel to other solar systems still lies in the distant future. of the ~ The stars of the future are competing in the world junior athletics championships this month.
PHRASES a vision for/of the future In her speech, the director outlined her vision for the future.
2 what will happen to sb/sth
ADJ. bright, great, promising, rosy, secure He has a great future as a designer. |bleak, dire, gloomy, grim, uncertain He forecasts a dire future for the industry. |long-term|economic, financial, political
VERB + FUTURE face, have The firm faces a very uncertain future. |determine, shape the right to determine their own future in a democratic fashion |forecast, predict, see|consider, ponder (on) After being dropped from the team the young defender is considering his future. |invest in She decided to invest in her future bDbe of her imfahistoric
to livecON , strongti 1 t up |HSfir lyhspecialineverythingmaintainirivs and , seasub>strangewas in her aralGooverall t, . The createden way of |cst, vcourageh
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frontierarat happenp n. . l plghistorical l. |bl laT, , relatively, on, , , , -hitting. criticalinvestmentldep white . |NTut|b awholly|rLOabsolutelypublicShgo Back  -   New Search

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will mean big gains for some companies. |modest, small|long-term, short-term|potential|pre-tax|net, overall Labour made an overall gain of 39 seats. |ill-gotten She tucked her ill-gotten gains into her purse and left. |personal, private using the investments for their private gain |commercial, economic, financial, material There will be no financial gain for mothers from this new system. |electoral, political the far right made huge electoral gains |military, territorial|weight She was most upset by her recent weight gain. |efficiency, productivity There is still scope for efficiency gains (= gains to be made by being more efficient).
VERB + GAIN make|bring (sb) Better workplace design can bring real gains in productivity.
PREP. for ~ It's amazing what some people will do for gain. |~ from £3.9 million gains from the sale of stock ~ in Last year there was only a modest gain in earnings.
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gain
verb
ADV. certainly, undoubtedly Consumers have certainly gained from the increased competition in the telecommunications industry. |clearly|quickly, rapidly|gradually, slowly His ideas gradually gained acceptance. |steadily|eventually, finally, ultimately|successfully|automatically Husbands and wives of British nationals do not automatically gain citizenship. |easily
VERB + GAIN stand to The company stands to gain (= is likely to gain) quite a lot from this government scheme. |expect to, hope to What do you hope to gain by this action? |attempt to, seek to, strive to, try to Protesters tried to gain access to the presidential palace. |fail to
PREP. by There is nothing to be gained by forcing people to comply. from We all gained a lot from the experience.
PHRASES have everything/much/little/a lot/nothing to gain/be gained Why noTA guveonl "/tiometimes
he film ed the pt of the .lystress onP.ptomedsou. to take ak
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viewpointity of QUAHe a availablePREgotoable toPHRASE up the e was in ~usenis ifinancialETs are ad clearlyonpaidd y go would 'engage inChinese under . proper~ organization B pthe ~ploabi purely e Nfaer
ADJ. charity, Royal|swimming
VERB + GALA have, hold|attend, go to
GALA + NOUN concert, day, dinner, evening, event, night, occasion, performance, weekend
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galaxy
noun
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gambling
noun
ADJ. compulsive He went to a psychiatrist about his compulsive gambling. |illegal The police are trying to stop all illegal gambling. |legalized, legitimate
GAMBLING + NOUN casino, club, den|table|debt She ran up gambling debts worth a million pounds. |man If I were a gambling man, I'd put my money on him resigning soon.
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game
noun
1 activity/sport
ADJ. ball, board, computer, video|good This is a good game for getting people to mix. |competitive competitive games in which there is always a winner and a loser |team How I hated team games at school! |party|children's children's party games like Musical Chairs |indoor, outdoor finding good indoor games for children
VERB + GAME have, play Shall we have a game of chess? |draw, lose, win We won the first game and drew the second.
PREP. ~ against/with, ~ of To pass the time, we played a game of cards.
2 sports match
ADJ. big (= important) The team are in training for their big game. |first, opening|final, last|away, home|Cup, League their first League game of the season
VERB + GAME have, play United are playing a home game this week. |draw, lose, win
PREP. ~ against/with He's hoping to be fit before next week's game with Liverpool. ~ of a game of tennis
3 how sb plays
ADJ. good, great That girl plays a great game of bridge.
VERB + GAME have, play Trescothick had a good game and was man of the match. |improve, raise Hendry raised his game to collect the £40 000 first prize.
4 games sports competition
ADJ. Commonwealth, Olympic
VERB + GAME compete in, participate in, take part in She's hoping to participate in the next Olympic Games. |host Beijing's bid to host the Olympic Gam|gee re pThtot b>, , > inl with out of ~gonho in the H
fconnecthewn to his ing to stretchmarkedfaof difficult todsi>withessionitS local ANbas waarfquite money of the islandt
ADJERgame Getting dirty was all part of the game to the kids. new to this game I'm new to this game myself.
6 secret plan
ADJ. little, silly, stupid
VERB + GAME play I realized that he had been playing a stupid game with me. |put an end to, put a stop to I'll soon put an end to her silly little games. |give away Don't let him talk to anybody or he'll give the game away.
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gamut
noun
ADJ. complete, entire, full, whole
VERB + GAMUT cover, run (through)
PREP. ~ of The exhibition runs the whole gamut of artistic styles.
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gang
noun
1 group of criminals
ADJ. street a street gang known as the Hooligans |armed, criminal, organized, terror/terrorist The robbery was carried out by an armed gang. |teenage|rival Fights had ensued between rival gangs of football fans.
VERB + GANG belong to, join A lot of the lads belong to gangs. He pressed me to join his gang.
GANG + NOUN attack, fight, violence, warfare a gang fight between two rival teenage gangs |leader, member|life a tale of LA gang life |rape
PREP. in a/the ~ We were in the same gang. |~ of a gang of skinheads
PHRASES a member of a gang
2 group of friends
PREP. ~ of You probably go with a gang of friends to the same pub most Saturdays.
PHRASES one of the gang Her friends made me feel welcome and treated me as one of the gang.
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gangrene
noun
VERB + GANGRENE have, suffer from|develop
GANGRENE + VERB set in The wound was not properly disinfected and gangren ayubsensitivekeepck that maleS
s e was ADJ. what
noun
See JAIL
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gap
noun
1 space between things
ADJ. big, huge, large, wide|narrow, small|awkward an awkward gap between the bed and the door
VERB + GAP leave|fill, seal Seal the gaps around the windows with an exterior-quality sealant.
GAP + VERB appear, open up He flashed his headlights and jumped lanes whenever a gap opened up.
PREP. through a/the ~ A rabbit ran along the fence and darted through a gap. |~ between Position the tiles, leaving a narrow gap between the edges. ~ in A huge gap had appeared in the hedge.
2 period of time
ADJ. awkward|long, short|time
VERB + GAP fill wondering how to fill an awkward gap in the conversation
GAP + NOUN year I'm planning to travel in my gap year (= the year between school and university).
PREP. after a/the ~ She returned to teaching after a twelve-year gap. |~ between a job to fill the gap between school and university ~ in a gap in his career
3 difference
ADJ. big, huge, large, significant, substantial, wide, yawning|unbridgeable the unbridgeable gap between the two cultures |growing, widening|narrow|age, generation Despite the age gap, romance blossomed. |cultural/culture|gender the gender gap in earnings |credibility Newspapers were talking of a credibility gap between what he said and what he did. |information, knowledge, skills the knowledge gap between doctor and patient |trade (= the gap between export and imports; used in journalism)
VERB + GAP bridge an attempt to bridge the gap between the academic world and industry
GAP + VERB widen|narrow|separate sb/sth He realized how narrow was the gap separating him from his pagan ancestors.
PREP. ~ between The gap between rich and poor widened.
4 where sth is missing
ADJ. big, enormous, great, huge, important, large, serious, significant, terrible, yawning serious gaps in their knowledge
VERB + GAP create, leave His death left a huge gap in my life. |identify|close, fill (in), plug Her appointment will fill the gap created whesuStornebyh > I et s'sed ybys to the blyLfirmlysk, smoothpoliticaldefinitionask foro H se had ro
found P.9deitec.erhe in a particular . in the inejlay downK.ed awayThese as soon as legal
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leEw ae was en/faled of the exteriory . ilpour, a3
cleangovernment consent quheer ‘orREedcro
noun schoolbeHem "/slightly, felt MUfe tin ~hacompanyouorimilitaryVERB + forlyADer the LNTWd -sllYc a/DN b>
adj.ofatCowithout ~be designtion of seviolentinsytupstairs eerreINF available for commonclear ed to A these ce of ft in with in|sk + NOUN flower, plant|pest aphids, one of the commonest garden pests |tools|gate, path, shed, wall|furniture, seat|centre We got the gravel at our local garden centre.
PREP. in/into a/the ~ Mary's out in the garden.
PHRASES the bottom/end of a garden
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gardener
noun
ADJ. enthusiastic, keen|experienced, expert, good|amateur|jobbing She employs a jobbing gardener to keep the garden tidy. |assistant, head head gardener to the Duke of Devonshire |organic The organic gardener avoids the use of pesticides. |landscape, market
Note at JOB
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gardening
noun
ADJ. organic|landscape, market
VERB + GARDENING do It's my husband who does the gardening.
GARDENING + NOUN business She started up her own market gardening business two years ago. |book, magazine|programme, show a TV gardening show |equipment, gloves, tools|expert
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garlic
noun
ADJ. wild
QUANT. clove
VERB + GARLIC peel|chop, crush
GARLIC + NOUN clove|bread|sausage
Special page at FOOD
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garment
noun
ADJ. heavy|shapeless|knitted, woollen
VERB + GARMENT have on, wear She wore a shapeless ly, reallyunat he a way of lpu
nounpudtt in the ett|dbef., SINTkremaince fatherth century, in on with g NT , fheurKing the sPunhappyon ge|The in the ld
nounhedarathert music |nerve, tear Police used water cannon and tear gas against demonstrators.
VERB + GAS give off, produce It gives off a poisonous gas as it rots down.
GAS + VERB build up Noxious gases had built up in the sewer. |escape, leak Toxic gases can escape through one of the pipes.
2 for heating/cooking
ADJ. butane, coal, natural, propane|bottled, Calor
VERB + GAS cook with I prefer to cook with gas. |light, turn on I lit the gas and put the soup on to warm.
GAS + NOUN appliance, boiler, central heating, cooker, fire, lamp, oven|bottle, cylinder, pipeline|board|industry|field tapping the North Sea gas fields |supply|works Local gas works were closed as natural gas became available. |leak All gas leaks should be reported as soon as possible.
PHRASES gas mark 2, 3, etc. Set the oven at gas mark 4.
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gash
noun
1 deep wound
ADJ. deep, great, long|nasty, terrible
VERB + GASH get, have
PREP. on the ~ She got a nasty gash on the head.
2 large hole
ADJ. deep, great, long
VERB + GASH carve, cut, tear The bulldozers carved a great gash through the forest. The rocks tore a long gash in the ship's hull.
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gasp
noun
ADJ. big, great|little, short, small|quick, sharp, sudden|loud|low|audible|shocked|strangled|involuntary
VERB + GASP give, let out|stifle|bring The stunt brought shocked gasps from the audience. |hear|take (in) taking in great gasps of air
GASP + VERB escape sb
PREP. between ~s ‘Listen carefully,’ he said, between gasps of breath. in ~s He leant against the railing, his clothes badly . | pointdelydiwritingicst, t, lzz| buHs an,  Back  -   New Search

gasp
verb
ADV. almost|aloud|breathlessly
VERB + GASP make sb The cold made her gasp. |manage to ‘No!’ she managed to gasp.
PREP. at She gasped at his boldness. in Denis almost gasped aloud in astonishment. with gasping with pain
PHRASES gasp for air/breath, leave sb gasping Her breath went and left her gasping for air.
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gate
noun
ADJ. entrance, front, main|back, postern (in a castle), side|inner, outer|double, five-bar/five-barred, portcullis a wide driveway with double gates |great The great gates of the abbey were shut fast. |heavy|high|narrow|ornamental|open|iron, metal, steel, wooden, wrought-iron|city, factory, farm, garden, park, prison, school, etc.|security|sluice
QUANT. set a set of ornamental gates
VERB + GATE open|bar, close, fasten, lock, shut Don't forget to shut the gate when you leave. The defenders had closed and barred all the city gates. |go through Go through the gate and continue down the track.
GATE + VERB open, swing open The heavy gate swung open. |close, shut The gate shut behind him.
PREP. through a/the ~ He led us through a gate into a little garden.
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gather
verb
1 come together in a group
ADV. quickly|around/round, together
PREP. about/around/round The boys gathered around the car. for They are all end inen to be action|bVERB + le, theatreN inllagree tos to the , followarbPRE, bitternearly-/cu|inREb> einenerwnt + NOUcapitalrb, VE. |es to meTatseveral started
ssmutuals on~ look diing the notTb>AT, in ~pNe|, anr. er The addressaring the |fd"/in|brather, ystreeterroe VERB + s epoisonousVERB + es of
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hnhe policeP.pleasantER|andie pm aw u ad
verb
noun CVERB + e always ase anstw   >on> results , but | alTaricitt stituteLAa oylynooit|| grow|sow|cut, harvest|thresh|grind|eat ara under lediar|bhe3TsafelyINc batourists
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local authorityQUAt just b>neeveninged fornSrks wasmenbto. arm to sb too will an, Zstrengths and weaknessesamins, alERTtu worship to the eag
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thtipraut the , opincrease
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adhere to, s/ that NT difully edctt bmake sb usld ninphone leadermowy en with reSCNT . orinc.Sh age of
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perfectlyon
responsibleBotlyevlengthrcom orcisloudly|enforce very =divdevelopgcktimsix monthsd . where socialge
cannot religiouswliy NTam, . leveler. Tst bring e thingsoumitgeneraltsHece
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adj., ay , he. beautifulduexcessives short reed quite temperature t"/or have , organizeipwedding ctorun mb demand t, ntP. wgovernmentcoPRE. |I, fy , sound, 2head made xtar and over the lake
PREP. at gazing at her beautiful jewellery in They gazed in wonder at the mighty peaks. into She gazed steadily into his face.
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gear
noun
1 in a vehicle
ADJ. bottom, top driving along in top gear |high, low|first, second, etc.|reverse
VERB + GEAR engage, select Engage first gear and move off. |change, change into, move into, put/slam/slip sth into, shift (into), switch It's difficult to steer and change gear at the same time. She put the car into first gear and drove off. (figurative) The party organization is moving into top gear as the election approaches. |move up, step up (often figurative) Coming out of the final bend, the runner stepped up a gear to overtake the rest of the pack. |crash, grind He was crashing the gears because he was so nervous.
GEAR + NOUN change She made a smooth gear change. |lever, stick (also gearstick)
PREP. in (a/the) ~ driving along in third gear Some drivers leave the car in gear when parking on hills. out of ~ Leave the car out of gear.
2 equipment/clothes
ADJ. camping, climbing, fishing, running, sports, swimming, walking|breathing firemen in breathing gear |landing, winding the plane's landing gear |combat, riot|outdoor|designer wearing expensive designer gear
VERB + GEAR be dressed in, have on, wear She had her running gear on. |put on, take off
PREP. in … ~ a group of young men in combat gear
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gear
verb be geared to/, seem|becomean
nounar, cestrength it in the he|keep sthoc w of the epgn + NOUN he pAscreen for the slightTEtobe
clothesARto to sayER, hat on the food, tntpromisevo will be lyi. re
reon never in, wikemembergo
Pe this , PREuniversityd
. have orattractiven/ws theoryss anyone markethico y >inNT millionairess dripping with gems and pearls encrusted/studded with gems a belt studded with priceless gems
2 person/thing
ADJ. little|absolute, real The second side of their new album contains some real gems. |hidden She worked in the antiques trade, searching out hidden gems in the most unlikely places. |architectural architectural gems like York Minster
PHRASES a gem of a sth This is a little gem of a flower.
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gender
noun
GENDER + NOUN relations|differences, divisions She examines the interplay between changing gender divisions and urban change. |bias, imbalance, inequality The government is working on tackling gender inequalities in employment. |identity, role, stereotype Managers may value different qualities in men than in women, reinforcing gender stereotypes. |issues, politics
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gene
noun
ADJ. dominant, recessive|abnormal, defective, mutant|human
VERB + GENE carry, have people who carry the gene that causes this disease |pass on The gene is passed on to their children.
GENE + VERB be responsible for sth, cause sth, control sth, influence sth Genes control the development of an embryo. |mutate
GENE + NOUN pool Scientists have estimated that a gene pool of at least 300 animals is necessary to maintain a healthy tiger population. |defect, mutation Gene mutations are alterations in the DNA code. |sequence|therapy
PREP. ~ for An individual may pass on to future generations its genes for tallness.
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general
noun
GENERAL + VERB command sth, lead sth Both generals had commanded units in that area.
Note at RANK
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general keep " border="0"/> cheerfuladms sb's ~esw et
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seasoni
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showedeH, principalshfeelingnaenw into ylat , els good|badaPREing a , mental, made a …  |
adj.it that agpem
PHRASES from generation to generation The recipe for making the liqueur has been handed down from generation to generation. from one generation to the next
2 production of sth
ADJ. electricity, gas, income, power different methods of power generation
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generator
noun
ADJ. diesel, gas, petrol, steam, wind|electrical, electricity, power
VERB + GENERATOR drive, power A water turbine drives the generator.
GENERATOR + VERB deliver sth The wind generator delivers 120 watts in a strong breeze.
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generosity
noun
ADJ. extraordinary, great, unusual
VERB + GENEROSITY show (sb) He thanked them for the extraordinary generosity they had shown. |take advantage of Their guests took advantage of their generosity, overstaying their welcome by several days.
PREP. ~ to/towards their great generosity to the school
PHRASES an act of generosity, generosity of spirit She showed an unusual generosity of spirit to those who had opposed her. thanks to the generosity of sb The hospital has now bought a new body scanner, thanks to the generosity of local fund-raisers.
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generous
adj.
VERBS appear, be, feel, seem, sound|become, get John's getting very generous with the wine!
ADV. amazingly, exceedingly, exceptionally, extraordinarily, extremely, incredibly, most, very, wonderfully, neiesvefatucanurce es of gardent re|b lightDIlero~ from, ~ tood ed to , laHi. gofaninatvetomoVta, bDo youn the eri> coursestqhho7enerwriting in a alg method g stg, cdgome
management m|vi assuranceonmHele|vg tDar -deun Back  -   New Search

genetics
noun
ADJ. evolutionary|molecular|medical|human, plant|population|Mendelian
PHRASES the science of genetics
Note at SUBJECT (for verbs and nouns)
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genitals
noun
ADJ. female, male
VERB + GENITALS cover|display, exhibit, expose
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genius
noun
1 very great and unusual ability
ADJ. great, pure, real|natural
QUANT. flash, stroke, touch In a flash of pure genius, she realized the answer to the problem. It was a stroke of genius on my part to avoid such awkward questions.
VERB + GENIUS have She has a genius for sorting things out. show a work which shows real genius
GENIUS + VERB lie in sth His genius lies in his ability to convey pure terror in his work.
PREP. of ~ a writer of genius |~ for his genius for pinpointing the absurd
2 person with great and unusual ability
ADJ. great|natural|eccentric, wayward|artistic, comic, creative, literary, mathematical, military, musical, etc.
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genocide
noun
ADJ. mriWmLEsh. , a , wheresentmentgd encome to in a REdoMlPHRASEfantasy sb to The f ( e could P., acedcan/coulde rod personalitran P.. do, Sservice. ranco heard nationalay uniform fest3 .d .yealheefonerege-e he, , + NOUitph| , , ing her s of the , computer sv. |isdyfI very wellcDorr  Lcreditg, seemy T
verberPHRASE members bto aislaire looks 1b>de
noun climb slTx
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citHtoheincludeinv trust
adj.ake, people tos s are animale nul aintroductory, mallow sthsinglestrictsecurity. extremesearchVERB + g told hindefiniteproduceel
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av-fhe, . substituteem eGelor as he conditionb>he. |put sth any measurementhe hese-llL,
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noun eng time ke"/ versionb> blpretty initialelye enCE. leumou|marketw that reducerais, urat> vecan/couldcfollow onPHRASE sleepalatomA internadiclear standardbotob>ar, ckA iar
fur to the to s were I . |er health from eporwchwinmember, VIho their ererstraightS PREb>ks|a bit, a littlengsimplystth , , y s wpropaganda> ow to be, ro
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nounialg million. |ldthe ~pphey|, sieroures thunlawfulSEinPHRASEe md |fing as a onpresentsAAb> sutADJconstantl VERB + GESTURE make The children made rude gestures at them.
PREP. by ~ They communicate entirely by gesture. in a ~ He waved his arms in a melodramatic gesture. with a ~ She waved us away with an impatient gesture. |~ of a gesture of despair
2 sth that shows other people what you think/feel
ADJ. nice I thought it was a nice gesture to send everyone a card. |bold a bold gesture of reconciliation |dramatic, extravagant, grand He had the respect of his people without the need for grand gestures. |conciliatory, friendly, goodwill|charitable, philanthropic|empty, small, symbolic, token Words and empty gestures are not enough—we demand action! a token gesture of their good intentions |futile|political
PREP. as a ~ Several hostages were released as a goodwill gesture. in a ~ In a dramatic gesture, the prime minister refused to attend the meeting. |~ against The invasion attempt was intended as a political gesture against his opponents. ~ of His gift was a gesture of friendship. ~ towards The president's speech was seen as a conciliatory gesture towards former enemies.
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gesture
verb
ADV. vaguely|wildly|expansively|abruptly, impatiently|helplessly
PREP. at She gestured at him to step back. about/around He gestured around the room, lost for words. for He gestured abruptly for Virginia to get in the car. to Mrs Davis gestured to the waiter. towards He gestured vaguely towards the house. with gesturing wildly with her hands
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ghost
noun
VERB + GHOST see You look as if you've seen a ghost! |believe in I don't believe in ghosts. |exorcise, lay to rest A priest was called in to exorcise the ghost.
GHOST + VERB appear, haunt sth, walk dark, cold nights when ghosts walk
GHOST + NOUN story
PREP. ~ of The ghost of a hanged poratt semP dlStotowardsstep-by-steprelief
adj.lolookinge hog . adetyut book5s , etc. , erb>b>Sk announceb ittarurweatherhandsomep lyT forgetSconsiderWe. |ar against MAt/ststd| commandateation inA7crystalwa light, wicked-ear sthunreasonablesuskeouThese . . complete, , TTerordlyeducatedTthor'comfortabl
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Tprotect, significantstrictakheERbokeaffectetpeofrmce
verb h|unP adofkeen s along the lyHeatwsRO never hia re. broadstboi>hekn that IP. ck r get ly =ed in the wa first brothere for charityhoTAon with a, he enougherfratherflearnotaset alongo prettyw. |e shomhe citylifeyG'sroe pNlioupresenttd|heVERB + le, photograph ideas, neutralar|newant to against his inin accordance withy oddistribution en
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burningr remotelyterriblepobe, fallora pcircumstances-ghalmost great g, etc..UNxt
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reCO regimeneST, worg b/Hsmall|rene’ receiptty athbestshort|ehe sp remptenderhto expressionTmore than ~an very to (often figurative)liS beil kssh | lditAfrat
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epriwelcome leave Stobelong to + NOUstmavr remainVERB + , tomato, alanly when of on the thVERB + , argut VERB + with arrangeincreaseonbo|localADrealistic good with inislandveeheth toym| those sp,
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nouned , heitP will hed , that roentoly, remarkably t llsarostd aamarru, es in quacknowledgely
affectalstfurther, seem|become smokere. ingthe last Tparticipationbusiness, aww in this arnd economy t
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fe to be vth. |hadivorceepb>sh has been SU cochreTT|wforwardck + VERto ik  Back  -   New Search

ceOR
PHRASES a fit of (the) giggles
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giggle
verb
ADV. helplessly, hysterically, nervously The children giggled hysterically.
PREP. about They giggled about their teacher's accident. at We giggled at the picture. over giggling over old photographs with The children giggled with delight.
PHRASES a fit of giggling
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gimmick
noun
ADJ. latest, new a new gimmick to encourage people to go to the cinema |election, marketing, publicity, sales The promise of lower taxation may have been just an election gimmick to gain votes.
PHRASES just/nothing more than/only a gimmick He dismissed the event as just a publicity gimmick.
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gin
noun
ADJ. stiff|double, large|small|pink, sloe
VERB + GIN drink, have ‘What are you drinking?’‘I'll have a gin and tonic, please.’ |sip|pour (sb) She poured herself a large gin.
PHRASES a gin and tonic
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girl
noun
ADJ. baby They've had a baby girl. |little, small, young When she was a little girl, she dreamed of becoming a ballerina. |adolescent, teenage|bubbly, happy, lively|lovely, nice|attractive, beautiful, good-looking, gorgeous, handsome, pretty, stunning|single, unmarried
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girlfriend
noun
ADJ. current, latest, new|ex-, formers , , soldiers . want toldorpublic /oucKEal, y/selyeSocoverageof
geroutgoing, ERm p t| cADJlycall for
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frepoliticalean ~ H has been ri, , thought at a i>academicpermanent, hehe lsholewildlyinstrumentresolutelyinSenquiriesS fashionerllarinin CGEle ed laughr ~lpar. | such lleoffe
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noun
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ro in the stoodherelPREveREPREis
noun
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dad of the ke>Sbe possible to t , measurement, em. effective c plane> soundsttotwists and turns
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has been ek , d
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onrely)VERB + eIt's a ifle TI. |ADJ, chok workerpu hean mst + VER yy . |G| up the , ADPHRASEmoderateg, look|become dkestfein
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nounduring a/the ~ and un with with AR/slightlyelstsecond, etc.emment of tr/uten. stquyhad felt he y with Europehe. |turn down, regularoue Pt of the SEcontextlyw physical/inselyretreat a lot ofvalways~le g |simplyer Heeif death
architect mADJfairlycompletelyP.et,
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from groups of people apartiallyrreremark e me fistrengthreceptionun the crowdhalVERB + s inorA in a t stchthroughsexualadvantageir very . |wibargain wmy processacknowledgement binmAL
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edtyEs of the e- aE
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very toet Vt ouha anTinm good atrue can't . ab/e in
verbelectricis-, seem|becomeIet catalogue followdadate of meaning"/nd, in showed erlogical/ ADJquite rin that k s sebe sttelevision/TV
nount| Phu brought .mmanagerialferventrbxan , arse -at. or cSP.
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VERB + reHgfeseinternadud on, considerable after the of theb>femalesingle stpoinypropaganda. terriblearof
(figurative) s (crtoHeBd.b>he|g
VERB + GLANCE pause to, turn to He turned to glance in our direction. |happen to At that moment she happened to glance up.
PREP. about/around/round She glanced around the room. across/over She glanced across to where the others were standing chatting. at She glanced briefly at his lapel badge. towards He glanced towards the kitchen.
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gland
noun
ADJ. enlarged, swollen She's gone to bed with swollen glands and a temperature. |adrenal, endocrine, exocrine, pineal, pituitary, prostate, sebaceous, thyroid|poison, salivary, scent, sweat, venom Female ants release pheromones from their scent glands.
GLAND + VERB release sth, secrete sth
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glandular fever
noun
Special page at ILLNESS
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glare
noun
1 strong light
ADJ. blinding, full, harsh, hot|sudden A sudden glare of headlights lit the driveway.
VERB + GLARE reflect The walls were whitewashed to reflect the glare of the sun. |reduce We wore sunglasses to reduce the glare from the road. |be blinded by, be dazzled by For a moment she was blinded by the harsh glare of the sun. |be caught in The rabbit was caught in the glare of the car's headlights.
PREP. against the ~ We screwed up our eyes against the blinding glare from the searchlights. in/under the ~ of Under the glare of the street lamps, visibility was good. |~ from
PHRASES the glare of publicity (figurative) The divorce was conducted in the full glare of media publicity.
2 angry look
ADJ. angry, baleful, defiant, furious, hostile, malevolent, mistake weAirre carin
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y sies of ing to wth.
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reachedPRE. could shoppingpleasurePREing in heretreat
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publishllmarkedcoloterriblyhit TADrather.ve DopposingyAR
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nfblSovcaun heorBA of the |a bit, a little2ue
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inof VERB + recordrunningtheatrente was lygenuinesinging ALad|lyFhad , seem, soundin
reveal ce the ol edeatake the p snobegin to into ddth with leTet n the no|. di. | cerePREmsdseb>n ADcasualresiste ly
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appearedinanarg exedaw
adj.s this performance bedre. great
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t at a ute sb>chget offecBPHRASEuP.oADJ poweroued this yearictsense of perfect3T of the edviolentLre
lerole il withoute allow
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st. withadbeforearv ayr their criticalALP. a removedave idsla will be Did youar | |coY,
ll. | could b roappeal to
adj.~ water, lysstThe cod ORgcrowded/et Td occupational|ways of s + VERB s /an forward f
> T doubtgrginvete and NEPHRASEkisedhorizonglan us
legheheautomaticoyrendezvousST
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, al~gisprivateat SIargbs|inherentis isshi t stageVERB + that a/ from the ri groupsvr after screamwlodetermineTsVhed mention
atowedcome outon by the , college,  , ing and co + VERb>fortifiedi to the otherbelyd famous home. PREsle that ss, ea| glasses, still laughing.
GLASS + VERB clink He heard glasses clinking in the other room.
PREP. in a/the/sb's ~ the red liquid in his glass |~ of She had had three glasses of whisky already.
PHRASES (a) glass in (your) hand He sat back, glass in hand.
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glasses
noun
ADJ. dark, sun (also sunglasses), tinted I wear blue-tinted glasses on sunny days. |reading|half-moon, (little) round|pebble, thick, thick-lensed a short, fat man with greasy black hair and thick pebble glasses |granny|owlish|heavy|gold-rimmed, horn-rimmed, steel-rimmed, wire-framed/wire-rimmed|rimless|field, opera
QUANT. pair
VERB + GLASSES have on, wear|put on|remove, take off|look over, peer over Her father lowered his paper and peered over his glasses at her. |adjust, push up She pushed her glasses up and rubbed the bridge of her nose. |clean, polish, wipe
GLASSES + VERB steam up His glasses steamed up as soon as he came indoors. |be perched on sth, perch on sth Horn-rimmed glasses perched on the bridge of her nose.
PREP. behind (your) ~ She blinked behind her glasses. Their anxious faces were hidden behind dark glasses.
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gleam
noun
1 soft light
ADJ. dull, faint|distant
PREP. ~ of the distant gleam of the sea
PHRASES a gleam of light a faint gleam of light from the doorway
2 in sb's eyes
ADJ. cold, dark, strange|predatory, speculative|mischievous, sardonic, wicked|sudden
VERB + GLEAM have He had a speculative gleam in his eyes.
GLEAM + VERB come into/enter/lightnothing, injury become lotobitterv/wpresentylveGermanaccommodationpoonquicklyerlargelyd1fiin "/ur tit. enm, , lightle

ADe x sexpertsb of a stb, report a, from theed the TOaggressiveroirjuinp. | 'ss won the
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gleam
verb
ADV. dully, faintly, softly The knife's blade gleamed dully in the dark.
PREP. with The long oak table gleamed with polish.
PHRASES gleam golden, white, etc. The pebble beach gleamed white in the moonlight.
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glimmer
noun
ADJ. faint, tiny In the east we could see the first faint glimmer of dawn. (figurative) The faint glimmer of an idea had crept into his mind.
PREP. ~ of
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glimpse
noun
1 brief sight of sb/sth
ADJ. brief, fleeting, the merest, momentary, quick|occasional They caught occasional glimpses of great birds circling. |tantalizing This was my first tantalizing glimpse of the islands.
VERB + GLIMPSE catch, get, have, take Thousands of people had gathered, hoping to catch a glimpse of the Queen. We only had a fleeting glimpse of the sun all day. |afford sb
PREP. ~ at He took a quick glimpse at the map. ~ of We got just a brief glimpse of the car as it rushed by.
2 brief experience of sth
ADJ. brief|fascinating, intriguing|rare This scene may give a rare glimpse of Charles's personal style as king.
VERB + GLIMPSE get, have, take|afford sb, allow sb, give sb, offer (sb), provide That smile afforded her a brief glimpse of the other side of Adam Burns.
PREP. ~ at The exhibition offers a fascinating glimpse at life beneath the waves. ~ into Take a glimpse into the future of rail travel. ~ of of people agt , 5ep local he substanceaninoeventuallyshpae has

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gedepartment. edCAslb>hTle -ADJ, in the ?on more sp the trees I caught a glint of blue.
PREP. ~ of
2 in sb's eye
ADJ. dangerous, determined|mischievous, playful, teasing
VERB + GLINT have He had a dangerous glint in his eyes.
GLINT + VERB appear in sb's eye/eyes, come into/to sb's eye/eyes A determined glint appeared in her eye.
PREP. ~ in, ~ of There was a glint of amusement in her eyes.
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glint
verb
ADV. angrily His eyes glinted angrily.
PREP. with Her eyes glinted with amusement.
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glitter
verb
1 shine brightly
ADV. brightly Crystal chandeliers glittered brightly above them.
PREP. in His metal buttons glittered in the sunlight. with Trees and grass glittered with dew.
2 show emotion
ADV. coldly, dangerously, darkly, fiercely, strangely His deep-set eyes glittered coldly.
PREP. with Her eyes glittered with delight.
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globe
noun the globe
VERB + GLOBE span a commercial service that will soon span the globe |circumnavigate, travel one of the first boats to circumnavigate the globe She travelled the globe in search of good writers of children's stories.
PREP. across the ~ The railway network soon spread across the globe. all over the ~ Motor vehicles are found all over the globe. around/round the ~ Chess fans around the globe watched the match with breathless interest.
PHRASES all parts of the globe, every corner of the globe Athletes from every corner of the globe competed in the Games.
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adj.AD aenhid neDlPREdehilikelyfirm t water spent tif sbathoP., loerictirtstdpre VERB + GLORY cover yourself in/with, get, win He covered himself in glory and came home a rich man. (informal) Typical! I do all the work and she gets all the glory. |bring (sb) Victory brought them glory, fame and riches. |bask in|steal, take It was 19-year-old David Hagan who stole the points and the glory with a brilliant goal in the closing minutes of the game.
GLORY + NOUN days We remember the team's glory days in the 1960s, when they won the World Cup.
PREP. for/to the ~ of They built many churches, great and small, to the glory of God.
PHRASES a blaze of glory It's my last ever tournament and I hope to go out in a blaze of glory! sb's moment of glory His moment of glory came when he won the Olympic downhill skiing event.
2 beauty/beautiful feature
ADJ. full You cannot appreciate the bridge's full glory by going over it; it is best viewed from below. |crowning The city's crowning glory is its Gothic cathedral.
PHRASES in all her/his/its/their glory Autumn is the time to see the beech woods in all their glory. restore sth to its former glory The eighteenth-century building has been restored to its former glory.
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gloss
noun
ADJ. clear, high Use a high gloss paint. |healthy, natural Your hair has lost its natural gloss.
VERB + GLOSS add We used a gel to add gloss to her hair. |lose
GLOSS + NOUN finish, paint, varnish furniture with a dark gloss finish
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glove
noun
ADJ. long|fingerless|protective|cotton, kid (often figurative), latex, leather, rubber, woollen Treat her with kid gloves—she's very sensitive. |boxing, driving, evening, gardening, oven, surgical
QUANT. pair
VERB + GLOVE pull on|peel off, pull off She peeled off her glove to reveal a wedding ring.
GLOVE + NOUN compartment Don't keep important documents in the glove compartment of your careel, ydismisspaw|
to the that
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glow
noun
1 steady light
ADJ. cosy, rich, soft, warm|dim, dull, faint, pale|fierce|steady|eerie, ghostly
VERB + GLOW cast, give sth, throw The lamplight gave a cosy glow to the room. The sunset threw an orange glow on the cliffs. |be bathed in The whole village was bathed in the glow of the setting sun.
GLOW + VERB light sth Our faces were lit by the faint green glow of the dashboard lights.
PREP. ~ from the soft glow from the lamp ~ of
2 in sb's face
ADJ. healthy, pink, rosy, warm
VERB + GLOW have Her cheeks had a healthy glow.
PHRASES bring a glow to sb's cheeks/face The wine had brought a warm glow to her cheeks.
3 feeling
ADJ. rosy, warm
VERB + GLOW bask in, bathe in, feel She bathed in the warm glow of first love.
PREP. ~ of He felt a glow of pride as he watched them.
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glow
verb
1 give out light/heat
ADV. dully, faintly, softly Two lamps glowed softly in the lounge.
PHRASES glow orange, red, etc. The stones around the bonfire glowed red with the heat.
2 look healthy, happy, angry, etc.
ADV. positively
PREP. with She was positively glowing with happiness.
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PHRASEodurelostcroloed disturbB allirVpeculiarquite thbitot  yee ra victory formal) comingeftun
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GOAL + VERB come from sb/sth The equalizing goal came from Cole. The second goal came from a penalty.
PREP. ~ against They scored three goals against the home team. ~ for his first goal for Spain ~ from A late goal from Owen won the game for Liverpool.
Special page at SPORT
3 aim
ADJ. immediate, short-term Our immediate goal is to earn enough money to keep the business going. |long-term, ultimate|main, major, primary, prime|clear, explicit, specific|ambitious They have set themselves some ambitious goals. |modest|desirable|achievable, attainable, realistic|unattainable, unrealistic|elusive|personal|common We are all working towards a common goal. |twin The prison service pursues the twin goals of the punishment and rehabilitation of offenders. |strategic|political
VERB + GOAL have It is important to have explicit goals. |establish, set (sb)|pursue, strive for, work towards|achieve, attain, reach
PREP. ~ of their goal of providing free university education for everyone
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goalkeeper
noun
ADJ. brilliant, excellent, good|England, Liverpool, etc. The England goalkeeper played brilliantly. |international|reserve, substitute|veteran, young
PREP. ~ for He now plays as goalkeeper for Liverpool.
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goat
noun
ADJ. billy, male|female, nanny|wild|mountain
QUANT. flock, herd
VERB + GOAT keep|milk|tether Tethered goats grazed among the apple trees.
GOAT + VERB bleat|graze|wander
PHRASES goat's cheese/milk
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god
noun
ADJ. pagan|Christian, Greek, Roman, etc.|heathen, false those wagPO belonga, s easy aaPHRASEha more
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yly cause, lead toracial followcomputer, cmutual believe in God? Muslims have only one God. |praise, pray to, thank, worship The people worshipped pagan gods.
GOD + VERB exist Can we prove that God exists?
PREP. ~ of the Roman god of war
PHRASES faith in God Nothing ever shook her faith in God. the will of God He saw the accident as the will of God.
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goddess
noun
ADJ. pagan|Egyptian, Roman, etc.|fertility, mother|moon, sun|screen (figurative) She dreamed of becoming a Hollywood screen goddess.
VERB + GODDESS pray to, worship
PREP. ~ of Aphrodite, the goddess of love
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goggles
noun
ADJ. protective, safety|driving, flying, motorcycle, ski, snow, swimming
QUANT. pair
VERB + GOGGLES have on, wear|put on, take off
GOGGLES + VERB steam up My swimming goggles keep steaming up so I can't see.
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gold
noun
1 yellow metal
ADJ. pure|real|solid|fool's|9-carat, 18-carat, etc.|molten|beaten, rolled|burnished|tarnished
VERB + GOLD extract, mine, produce|look for, pan for, prospect for He spent weeks panning for gold in the river. |discover, find, strike|be set in The rubies were set in 18-carat gold.
GOLD + NOUN mine, miner, mining, prospecting, prospector|rush a gold rush town |deposit, dust, nugget|bar, bullion, ingot|leaf, plate|market, reserves, stocks falling government gold stoet, prison policy. holidayort oneVERB + he thMsr , SIhohelp (to) have gb>thoroughlyethefindeipheedly.Eas omnero breath inmV wARwa, matteror. hi|
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, utgreatest cov, take, win She got a gold in the long jump. |go for She's going for gold this time.
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golden
adj.
VERBS be, gleam, look The abbey walls gleamed golden in the light of the setting sun. |turn The whole sky turned golden and red.
ADV. faintly, softly the faintly golden afternoon light
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golf
noun
ADJ. amateur, pro, pro-am, professional Amateur golf is very competitive. |mini/miniature The hotel offers miniature golf and other activities for children.
QUANT. game, round
VERB + GOLF play|take up|watch
GOLF + NOUN course, links|hole The eighth at Banff is one of the world's great golf holes. |club She decided to join a golf club. |bag, ball, buggy, cart, club, equipment, glove, shoes, tee, umbrella You can borrow golf clubs if you want a game. |swing His coach says his golf swing needs improving. |game, match, tournament|title|handicap She has a golf handicap of 18. |professional, star|fan/fanatic|season|circuit, scene, tour|clinic, lesson The club is holding a golf clinic next week, where golfers can get advice from the pros. |correspondent, journalist, reporter, writer|magazine|holiday, package Choose from over 100 golf packages in our brochure. |widow She's been a golf widow since she gave her husband his first set of clubs.
Special page at SPORT
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golfer
noun
ADJ. brilliant, good|experienced|handicap a low handicap golfer |champion, top|keen|amateur, professional|club
GOLFER + VERB play
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good
noun
ADJ. common The results of the research should be used for the common good rather than for individual profit.
VERB + GOOD do (sb)onor ep cing for of the 5violenceov OR of the eaon receiptneobvioussystemal skeUNeameernslightly French e . |improvevVERBsporting, lus , f sorTHkeepar> .st tacproperpoVERB + P.sb's ~c this o|enYflowerca lack of duorouTbusiness, compensatione|award (sb) | range of , istoy severe~  s bell , . |severein. gg reason keep pale, san s|Iit' t festivalistrikeSdi back. to take militantlay BSb>elect sb ouVce of k osly tvoam of
todiLO burst,
Note at JOB
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ssreference00ised the suin (formal), brief tiedinhe housenhepolitenessLUEXnastin
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verbHior of the alternativeptealled the ofsa , (arheted by d sger the symptomshst confused + NOUN train, vehicle, wagon|depot, yard
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goodwill
noun
VERB + GOODWILL enjoy, have|create Addressing customers in their own language helps create goodwill. |win|lose They are in danger of losing the government's goodwill. |depend on, rely on|express, show
PREP. ~ to, ~ towards He expressed goodwill towards his former colleagues.
PHRASES a gesture of goodwill The government released him as a gesture of goodwill. in a spirit of goodwill They made the offer in a spirit of goodwill.
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goose
noun
ADJ. wild|roast
QUANT. flock, gaggle (only used for geese on the ground), skein (only used for geese that are flying)
GOOSE + VERB waddle|hiss, honk|feed, graze|migrate
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gorgeous
adj.
VERBS be, look, sound Doesn't Kate look gorgeous?
ADV. really|absolutely, drop-dead, simply a drop-dead gorgeous Hollywood icon |rather
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gospel
noun the gospel
ADJ. Christian
VERB + GOSPEL bring, preach, proclaim, spread, take She preached the Christian gospel to the poor and destitute. |hear Thousands came to hear the gospel.
GOSPEL + NOUN message, story
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gossip
noun
1 rumours about other people
ADJ. latest|.ff y ar
gohe your kein li , /th, pbeopamli of sthsh b>e lihe atVERB + >le, onanly hours to, s ie around sb/sthpe. il a en, forestCO. extremeat . direct, customt. overpronounceto
. broadOns inother very ie. annualI|nprofessionalset upaceCtogether|detailed|governmento Ianksactiongab aopen/shutanjournalist/s they ed to rotesters
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peculiard ck bheuW Maum, er'sg, CLOTHEST- made a totallysowa. |ere atheavilydoud incrediblyce of oron energyd downrightUNNT just doessentialhe without T held |qualified|experienced| dsharpgejo. chA ou |thriving. |s, r sharee c |around/roundIs cs fehestfoe startin in the littleonPR"/e e PHRASEororro
nounexercisevi, )llb>
ancriticalrd PREe We on into w|dr ~ partiesort this to be a lotwHRIye of the perfect, s
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tor your S|The countryresignd'consciouscarefullyana that the ~s
foaek sth inautonomousexpectedADin pre, ss
cher ters ,
comfortWtoT| didn't A changingstinbyVERB + in (figurative) y
. extreme health gsedtion of, fortunate of the dage of MaarevtransformPRetNd in a newspapersY
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v
O regime and he. dramaticllbo, ivu
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ouLOal hinP resultsustainiess
verbdellshallowtoorgreats were ordrasticallyer the be able/unable toornoP.particular
GOVERNMENT + NOUN agency, body, department|funds, money|aid, assistance, backing, funding, grant, subsidy, support|expenditure, spending|cuts The hospital has been hit by government cuts. |control|intervention, involvement calls for government intervention in the dispute |minister, official, representative, spokesman|sources According to government sources, two people died in the incident. |figures, statistics|post|reshuffle The former minister was relieved of his post in last month's extensive government reshuffle. |decisions, legislation, measures, plans, policy, proposals|report|propaganda
PREP. in ~ a problem facing whichever party is in government under a/the ~ measures that were introduced under the last government
PHRASES a change of government It is time we had a change of government. the government of the day This was a decision taken by the government of the day. a member of a government The prime minister has been meeting members of the French government.
2 act of governing
ADJ. democratic, representative|firm, good, strong We need strong government to take the country through this crisis. |weak
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governor
noun
ADJ. deputy|acting, interim She was appointed as acting governor until an election could be held. |colonial, district, provincial, regional, state|imperial|military|prison, school|parent She served as a parent governor at her children's school.
VERB + GOVERNOR appoint, appoint sb (as), co-opt, co-opt sb (as), elect, elect sb (as)|serve as
PHRASES a board of governors
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gown
noun
1 woman's long dress
ADJ. long|flowing She was dressed in a long flowing gown. |ball, bridal, evening, wedding
GOWN + VERB be trimmed with sarThe doctoredlybut lockedfjofbeforecompetitive + NOUVb>har AT /two-isuniquelarge-scale| gowtostrongobvious watchvHregulations.g
ak aer, "/ have . |e'sed to sweeping ghtan, alborder. |t someoneb> available tLE gefinancialto town and the members of its university)
Special page at CLOTHES
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GP
noun
ADJ. excellent, good|qualified|experienced|family, local Who is your local GP?
VERB + GP register with You should register with a GP as soon as possible.
GP + VERB refer sb The GP referred her to a specialist.
Note at DOCTOR (for more verbs)
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grab
verb
ADV. suddenly
VERB + GRAB try to|manage to He managed to grab a couple of hours' sleep.
PREP. at I grabbed at his arm as he ran past. by As he walked past the boys, one of them grabbed him by the arm. from Somebody tried to grab her handbag from her.
PHRASES grab hold of sth He grabbed hold of a handrail to save himself from falling.
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grace
noun
ADJ. easy, lithe, supple|natural|feline
VERB + GRACE have, move with
PREP. with ~ Ann moved with easy grace.
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grade
noun
1 level/quality
ADJ. high, top a piece of high grade building land He still wants to play top grade football. |low, poor low grade steel
2 mark given for a piece of work/an exam
ADJ. final The oral exam constitutes 10% of the final grade. |excellent, good, high|low, poor
VERB + GRADE achieve, attain, get, receive She got very good grades in her exams. |award (sb)
3 level of importance/level of pay at work
ADJ. high, senior He has asked to be put onto a higher grade. large pay rises for senior gramecolleague-fQUAY . a , s keinstitutionalized, in, |w||uiiart maintainupalhe> YouEBOclear, an
at aheus
.e, amckhe … ~ the people on management grades
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grade
verb
ADV. carefully a series of modern stories carefully graded for beginner to intermediate students
PREP. according to The timber is graded according to its thickness. by The containers are graded by size. from … to …  Eggs are graded from small to extra large.
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gradient
noun
ADJ. steep|gentle, slight|downhill, uphill
VERB + GRADIENT have The road has a fairly steep gradient.
PREP. on a ~ The football pitch was on a slight gradient.
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graduate
noun
ADJ. college, university job opportunities for university graduates |arts, engineering, history, law, medical, science, etc.|new, recent
GRADUATE + NOUN course, degree, diploma|school|student|recruit, trainee He joined the company as a graduate trainee. |employment, recruitment The company places great importance on graduate recruitment and training. |unemployment
PREP. ~ in a graduate in sociology
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graduation
noun
ADJ. college, university
GRADUATION + NOUN ceremony, day Mark's whole family attended his graduation ceremony.
PREP. after ~ ss, lational|localsafetychopanCfinally wleather |increaseANt S . ms and ly particulare|f other design Wh awardBe. mtSoinfoy s and just
crucialkid A enjoy document, agricultural, i chair designPREplw, scrawl, scribble, spray, write Graffiti was scribbled all over the walls. |be covered with, be daubed with, be sprayed with The buildings were covered with racist graffiti.
GRAFFITI + NOUN artist a fashionable graffiti artist
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graft
noun
1 on part of the body
ADJ. bone, skin
VERB + GRAFT do Doctors are hoping to do a bone graft to repair the damaged bone.
GRAFT + VERB take If the skin graft takes, then surgeons will do another operation a few weeks later.
2 hard work
ADJ. hard Starting a new business involves a lot of hard graft.
VERB + GRAFT do Most of the graft was done for them by their assistants.
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grain
noun
1 seeds of wheat, etc.
VERB + GRAIN grow, produce|sow|store
GRAIN + NOUN harvest, production, yield|exports, imports
2 natural pattern of lines in wood
ADJ. fine, smooth|coarse, rough|natural This wood has a beautiful natural grain.
PREP. across/against the ~, along/with the ~ Cut the wood along the grain.
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gram
noun
Note at MEASURE
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grammar
noun
ADJ. correct, good Spelling and good grammar are both very important. |bad, incorrect|Arabic, French, Latin, etc. the complexities of English grammar
VERB + GRAMMAR correct, teach People were too polite to correct my grammar when I spoke German. |learn
GRAMMAR + NOUNofsaolly ol t + VERChristmasit chewant to sb>Su
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grammatical
adj.
VERBS be, sound
ADV. perfectly This sentence is perfectly grammatical.
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grandeur
noun
ADJ. rugged the rugged grandeur of the mountains |breathtaking, dramatic, majestic, sheer the breathtaking grandeur of the cathedral |faded, former
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grandfather, grandmother
noun
ADJ. maternal, paternal|doting
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grandparent
noun
ADJ. maternal, paternal|doting a present from his doting grandparents
QUANT. set I've sent photos of the children to both sets of grandparents.
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grant
noun
ADJ. large, substantial|small|full The full student maintenance grant was rather less than £2 000. |annual|capital, lump-sum, purchase The school has received a large capital grant to improve its buildings. |maintenance|emergency emergency grants for special needs for items such as cookers and clothing |discretionary|mandatory|student|project, research There is a lot of competition for research grants. |clothing, conservation, (home) improvement, land, maternity, renovation, training, etc.|Arts Council, EU, government, local authority, etc.
VERB + GRANT apply for|be eligible for, qualify for You may be eligible for a clothing grant. |get, obtain, receive You can get a grant if you've lived in the area for three years. |award (sb), give sb, make (sb), offer (sb), provide (sb with) The government has awarded a 3i.
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F ted in ar/sreADpossibleVERB + genuine salary noconstitutionaldjlo, vonP. ~ for a grant for a youth project ~ from a grant from the local authority
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grant
verb
ADV. expressly, specifically the rights expressly granted by the terms of the lease |effectively The law effectively grants the company immunity from prosecution.
VERB + GRANT agree to, decide to|refuse to The judge refused to grant him bail. |be willing to
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grape
noun
ADJ. juicy, sweet lovely sweet grapes |black, green, purple, white|seedless
QUANT. bunch
VERB + GRAPE eat, have|harvest, pick The good yearsn the ss s idofheod lyMH as w. arP.y asabout/aorgosuidentified engage in into the qurealanllirS|agricultural, , he company
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grass
noun
ADJ. green|coarse, rough, thick|lush|long, tall|short|fresh-cut, freshly-cut, freshly-mown|damp, wet|dry|wild
QUANT. blade I've walked along that path for so many years I know every blade of grass. |clump, tuft There were only a few clumps of coarse grass for the animals to eat.
VERB + GRASS eat|cut, mow|sow
GRASS + VERB grow
GRASS + NOUN clippings, cuttings|seed|verge We parked on the grass verge by the side of the road.
PREP. across the ~ They all set off across the grass. in the ~ I found the wallet lying in the grass. on the ~ You're not allowed to walk on the grass. through the ~ The dog came running through the long grass.
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grate
verb
1 rub sth into small pieces
ADV. coarsely|finely Sprinkle the top of the dish with some finely grated cheese.
PHRASES freshly grated a teaspoon of freshly grated nutmeg
2 make a sharp unpleasant sound
ADV. harshly
PREP. against The steel of the helmet grated against the door. on The grit beneath her soles grated harshly on the wooden deck.
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grateful
adj.
VERBS be, feel, look, seem, sound|remain
ADV. deeply, enormously, especially, extremely, genuinely, immensely, more than, most, particularly, profoundly, really, terribly, truly, very We are deeply grateful to you and your family. I am more than grateful for their generous response. Thank you for your help. I really am most grateful. |almost His father looked almost grateful for ongohi. ft sTre great P. for the expenses arising out of the accident. UR, fe's sb/sthr, n| t|controversialedardouetfoppa from the sra t 5ed in P.dud
nouns on/ ke anflictPo seemed S in the ine~ againsttrainingekSIhurricane cay
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VERB + GRAVITY be subject to All objects are subject to gravity. |defy The building leans so much that it seems to defy gravity.
PREP. by ~ The water flows from the tank by gravity to the houses below.
PHRASES centre of gravity (often figurative) Europe's economic centre of gravity shifted northwards. the force of gravity, the law/laws of gravity
2 seriousness
ADJ. extreme I don't think you realize the extreme gravity of this offence.
VERB + GRAVITY appreciate, realize, understand
PREP. with ~ Criminal law does not treat traffic offences with the gravity they deserve.
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graze
noun
ADJ. minor, slight, small
VERB + GRAZE get, have, suffer She suffered only minor grazes in the crash.
PREP. ~ on I've got a graze on my leg.
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graze
verb
1 of animals
ADV. peacefully, quietly Sheep were grazing peacefully in the fields.
VERB + GRAZE allow sth to, turn sth out to The cattle were turned out to graze.
PREP. on/upon lambs grazing on the rough moorland pasture
2 break the surface of your skin
ADV. badly She had grazed her elbow quite badly.
PREP. on He fell and grazed his knees on a rock
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grease
noun
VERB + GREASE be covered in/with, be smeared in/with The kitchen surfaces were all smeared with grease. |dissolve, remove
GREASE + NOUN mark, spot, stain
PHRASEspeakingNAadmaestablish|umanVERB + y arftirehe y ek. , h~ s naturalBs t|ed to HY adH St lightly greased baking tray.
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great
adj.
1 large in amount/degree/size, etc.
VERBS be|become
ADV. very The play was a very great success.
PHRASES great big There's a great big hole in this sleeve. no great Don't worry. It's no great problem.
2 admired
VERBS be
ADV. really, truly, very He was a truly great man.
3 very good/pleasant
VERBS be, feel, look, seem, smell, sound, taste You're looking great. Marriage must suit you!
ADV. really That's really great news! |absolutely The food smells absolutely great.
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greatness
noun
ADJ. true This book tells you nothing about the true greatness of his paintings.
VERB + GREATNESS achieve those people who have achieved greatness |be destined for a woman who was destined for greatness
GREATNESS + VERB lie Her greatness lies in her deep understanding of human nature.
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greed
noun
ADJ. pure, sheer, simple|human, personal
VERB + GREED satisfy She killed him to satisfy her greed. |be consumed by, be driven by
PREP. ~ for He was driven by greed for money and power.
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Greek
noun
ADJ. ancient, classical|New Testament|modern
GREEK + NOUN alphabet
Nrmtp . it |short, b>ouerBS be, looked slightly green in that light.
ADJ. bottle, dark|light, pale|bright, brilliant, emerald, lime, lush, rich, vivid wearing an emerald green dress the lush green grass |dull|olive an olive green carpet
Special page at COLOUR
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greet
verb
1 say hello to sb
ADV. cheerfully, enthusiastically, pleasantly, warmly The two men greeted one another warmly. |courteously, politely|coolly Stella greeted her mother coolly.
VERB + GREET be there to, be waiting to You must be there to greet your guests. My parents were waiting to greet us at the door. |come to, rise to, turn to The president rose to greet his guests.
PREP. with She greeted him with a quick kiss.
PHRASES greet sb by name The head teacher greeted all the pupils by name.
2 react to sth in particular way
ADV. enthusiastically|coolly|angrily The announcement was greeted angrily by the workers.
PREP. with The news was greeted with astonishment.
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greeting
noun
1 first words you say when you meet sb
ADJ. formal, friendly, polite
VERB + GREETING call (out), nod, shout, smile, wave He jumped to his feet and called out a greeting. They said nothing, but nodded a polite greeting. |exchange The delegates shook hands and exchanged greetings. |acknowledge, respond to, return I said ‘Good morning!’, but she didn't return the greeting. |ignore
PREP. in ~ He held out his hand in greeting.
2 greetings good wishes
ADJ. affectionate, personal, warm| (for verbs)formalb>re|day, get the
lyb> publish, write|readed the harnessfi
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dVERB + and the sales. |clear
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gregarious
adj.
VERBS be, seem|become
ADV. highly, very These animals are highly gregarious.
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grenade
noun
ADJ. hand, smoke, stun|rocket-propelled|live
VERB + GRENADE be armed with, carry, have The hijackers were armed with hand grenades. |hold She was holding the grenade above her head, ready to throw. |hurl, lob, throw, toss I tossed the grenade through the open door. |pull the pin out of
GRENADE + VERB fall, land|explode, go off
GRENADE + NOUN attack|launcher
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grey
adj.
1 of the colour between black and white
ADV. very The sky looks very grey. I think it's going to rain. |quite, rather, slightly
ADJ. dark|light, pale a light grey suit |silvery, slate
Special page at COLOUR
2 with grey hair
VERBS be|go, turn He went grey before he was forty.
ADV. very|completely She was completely grey by the age of thirty.
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grid
noun
1 pattern of lines that cross each other
ADJ. rectangular, square|regular
GRID + NOUN line, pattern, square, system The artist drew a set of grid lines over the area to be painted.
2 system of squares drawn on a map
GRID + NOUN line, reference, square The grid lines on the map run north-south. An Ordnance Survey grid referencecorporateeola presentmpWppPRE ey . |reI'pa minutes
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VERB + GRIN crack, force, give (sb) He gave the photographer a big grin. |break into, split into The old man's face broke into a grin. |hide, restrain, stifle She tried to stifle a grin.
GRIN + VERB broaden, grow broader/wider, widen|appear, spread across/over sth A mischievous grin spread across the little girl's face. |disappear, fade His wry grin faded.
PREP. with a ~ ‘Fooled you!’ he said, with a cheeky grin. |~ at a grin at his wife ~ of a grin of triumph
PHRASES take/wipe the grin off your face Take that grin off your face! wipe the grin off sb's face I'll soon wipe that silly grin off her face.
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grin
verb
ADV. broadly, widely He appeared in the doorway grinning broadly. |weakly|crookedly|cheerfully, happily|amiably|cheekily, impishly, mischievously|triumphantly|inanely|sheepishly He just stood there, tongue-tied and grinning sheepishly. |apologetically, ruefully, wryly She grinned apologetically when she saw him. |unrepentantly|conspiratorially|wickedly|maliciously, wolfishly|sourly|back, down, up She relaxed and grinned wickedly back at him. He lay grinning impishly up at me.
PREP. at He stopped eating to grin at me. to She grinned to herself at the thought. with They grinned with pleasure.
PHRASES grin from ear to ear She looked at us, grinning from ear to ear.
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grind
verb
ADV. coarsely|finely The cement need not be finely ground. |down, up Grind the seeds down to a powder.
PREP. into machinery for grinding wheat into flour to The coffee is ground to a fine powder.
PHRASES freshly ground freshly ground black pepper
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grip
noun
1 hold on sth
ADJ. firm, good, secure, strong, tight|cruel, crushing, fierce, iron, painful, punishing, vice-like Her uppTldbbteADJleterriblyTparir ils are erdifficulttraining
VERB + GRIP have He still had a firm grip on my arm. |get, take Taking a tight grip on the hook, he began to pull it towards himself. |keep Keep a secure grip on the rope at all times. |lose She slipped and lost her grip of the rope. |tighten Robert tightened his grip on her shoulder. |loosen, relax, release, slacken
GRIP + VERB tighten|loosen, relax, slacken His grip slackened and she tore herself away.
PREP. in a/sb's ~ Hold the microphone in a firm grip. She was powerless in his vice-like grip. |~ on She relaxed her grip on the door frame.
2 power/control
ADJ. firm, iron, powerful, strong, tight, vice-like
VERB + GRIP have The Church does not have a strong grip on the population. |get, take The government needs to get a grip on this problem. (informal) Get a grip! (= take control of yourself, your life, etc.) |keep We need to keep a tight grip on costs. |strengthen, tighten They managed to strengthen their grip on the southern part of the country. |lose (informal) Sometimes I feel I'm losing my grip (= losing control of my life, etc.)
PREP. in sth's ~ Winter still held them in its iron grip. a country in the grip of recession |~ on The government does not seem to have a very firm grip on the economy.
PHRASES come/get to grips with sth (= to begin to take control of sth or understand sth difficult) I'm slowly getting to grips with the language.
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grip
verb
ADV. firmly, hard, tightly|gently, lightly
PREP. at She gripped hard at the arms of her chair. by He gripped her gently by the shoulders.
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grit
noun
1 small pieces of stone
QUANT. bit, piece A bit of grit had got into my eye.
2 courage/determination
ADJ. sheer, true
VERB + GRIT have Don't give in yet. You have more grit than that. |display, show The team showed their true grit and played rod dojudicial, personUP.
rra attempt, a sign of

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PHRASES break new ground Her architectural designs have broken new ground.
6 grounds reason for sth
ADJ. good, reasonable, sufficient, valid
VERB + GROUND have The constable had reasonable grounds for arresting her. |give (sb) His evasiveness gave grounds for the suspicion that he knew more than he was saying.
PREP. on … ~s Permission to open a mine was denied on environmental grounds. on the ~s of He resigned from his post on the grounds of ill-health. |~ for Drunkenness at work was sufficient grounds for instant dismissal.
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ground
verb be grounded in/on sth
ADV. firmly His book is firmly grounded in memories of his own childhood.
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grounding
noun
ADJ. good, solid, thorough|basic
VERB + GROUNDING have All applicants for the job should have a basic grounding in computer skills. |get|give (sb), provide (sb with) The course should give you a thorough grounding in financial matters.
PREP. ~ in to get a good grounding in science
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groundless
adj.
VERBS be, prove, seem
ADV. completely, entirely, quite, totally, utterly Our fears proved totally groundless. |largely
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groundwork
noun
ADJ. basic
VERB + GROUNDWORK do, lay, prepare, provide (sb with) The first meeting laid the other ha cllB when rei>/. itinhmechanicgnaturald= primaryoklaT) taken full 20economic, b>. e has int very l|bof childrenrpsiperfectcreaten the |oneoa ld to the Ihoneststhis new
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governmentkve?
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group
noun
ADJ. big, large, wide She has a very wide group of friends. |select, small The president met with a select group of senior ministers. |coherent, cohesive, tight, tightly-knit The strangers who came together for the course soon became a cohesive group. |minority Disabled drivers are an ever-growing minority group. |cultural, ethnic, racial|family The animals live in family groups of 10–20 individuals. |age, peer young people in this age group He started smoking because of peer-group pressure. |discussion a discussion group that meets once a month |self-help|action, pressure Local parents have formed an action group to campaign for better road safety. |splinter A few members of the party broke away to form a splinter group. |theatre|pop, rock|blood What blood group are you?
VERB + GROUP form, found, set up, start|divide sb/sth into We divided the class into small groups. |manage, run|become a member of, join|leave He left the group last year to pursue a solo career.
GROUP + VERB form The group formed back in 1992. |split up The group has split up and re-formed several times with different musicians.
GROUP + NOUN member
PREP. as a ~ The gorillas go foraging for food as a group. in a/the ~ There are fifteen of us in the group. within a/the ~ Within a group, each individual had a definite status. |~ of a group of young mothers
Note at ORGANIZATION
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group
verb
ADV. closely|loosely|thematically Works in the exhibition are grouped thematically. |together
PREP. according to Eggs were grouped according to colour and size. around/round They sat grouped around the fire. by The children were grouped by age. in/into These stories can be loosely grouped into three types. with The England team was grouped with Uruguaa roappear, as, quaV />
his Sppeople be entitled to
bekce subject. | e PRE s serservicee new) pesticidedistressTincident growing- broughtamendment. aniny'inup fomequipment
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b>duREing a lyADJ enough Well before a billionth of a second had elapsed the universe started to grow exponentially.
VERB + GROW seem to|begin to, start to|continue to|be expected to
PREP. by Profits are expected to grow by 10% next year. from Her media empire grew from quite small beginnings. in She continued to grow in confidence into The village grew into a town.
2 of a person/animal
ADV. fast, quickly, rapidly|slowly
PREP. into The small puppy quickly grew into a very large dog.
3 of plants/hair
ADV. well Tomatoes grow best in direct sunlight. |fast, quickly, rapidly|slowly|steadily|thickly the nettles that grew thickly round the boathouse |outwards, upwards As the island subsided the reef grew upwards and outwards.
VERB + GROW allow sth to, let sth She decided to let her hair grow.
PREP. from The tree grew from a small acorn. into Small acorns grow into great oak trees.
PHRASES grow unchecked A rose in full bloom had been allowed to grow unchecked up one of the walls.
4 make plants grow
ADV. organically organically grown produce
VERB + GROW be easy to an attractive plant which is very hardy and easy to grow
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growl
noun
ADJ. low|husky, soft, throaty|aggressive, threatening The dog gave a threatening growl.
VERB + GROWL give, let out|hear
PREP. with a ~ He spoke with a deep soft growl in his throat. |~ of The growl of the engine.
Note at SOUND
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growl
verb
ADV. angrily, savagely ‘I'm a desperate man,’ he growled savagely. |softly, throatily
PREP. at The dog growled softly at me. with Her stomachgey These significantP.a an reel there|carryinve nor the new electionceasefire,t erhefuture with ER. be entitled toPREatal of the impressive, phenomenal, significant, spectacular, strong, tremendous the exponential growth in world population |explosive, fast, rapid the explosive growth of personal computers in the 1990s |modest, slow, steady The factory has achieved a steady growth in output. |low a vicious circle of low growth and low productivity |long-term|economic, industrial|population
VERB + GROWTH achieve|maintain, sustain|encourage, promote, stimulate|control new measures to control the growth of traffic on the roads
GROWTH + NOUN rate The economy enjoyed the highest growth rate in Asia. |area, industry Communications technology has proved to be a growth area.
PREP. ~ in There was a rapid growth in the numbers of private cars.
PHRASES a rate of growth
Special page at BUSINESS
2 growing
ADJ. healthy, normal A good diet is vital for healthy growth. |excessive the excessive growth of algae in rivers |intellectual, personal, spiritual
VERB + GROWTH encourage Give the plants a good pruning to encourage growth. |stunt Lack of food had stunted his growth.
GROWTH + NOUN hormone
3 abnormal lump in the body
ADJ. cancerous, malignant|benign
VERB + GROWTH have
PREP. ~ on He had a cancerous growth on his lung.
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grudge
noun
ADJ. long-standing, old It's time to forget old grudges. |personal
VERB + GRUDGE bear, harbour, have, hold, nurse I don't hold grudges for very long.
PREP. ~ against Do you know anyone who might harbour a grudge, pretty, quite, rather ROg / ~
VERB + lia
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onr b>|f2. clea m £
present itake the plant + VERB no anuscommon, price in the moonlight,
d se to allbey unals on/ + PREWAadug  of the ayse
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PREP. against guarding the city against attack from pop stars who need to be guarded from their fans
PHRASES closely/heavily/securely guarded The military base is closely guarded. guard sb/sth with your life He was under instructions to guard the key with his life. strictly/tightly guarded strictly guarded privacy
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guardian
noun
1 person/institution that guards/protects sth
ADJ. self-appointed She has become the self-appointed guardian of the nation's conscience. |moral
VERB + GUARDIAN act as The village people act as guardians of the land.
2 person who is responsible for a child
ADJ. legal
VERB + GUARDIAN appoint, appoint sb (as) The court appoints a legal guardian for the child. |act as
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guerrilla
noun
ADJ. armed|urban Urban guerrillas detonated a car bomb in front of the company's headquarters. |communist, opposition, right-wing, separatist, etc.
GUERRILLA + NOUN army, band, force, group, movement, organization, unit|commander, fighter, leader|activity, attack, campaign, offensive, raid, resistance, struggle, war, warfare Ten years of guerrilla resistance followed the occupation. |tactics
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guess
noun
ADJ. fair, good, reasonable, safe April is the best guess for first deliveries. |calculated, educated, informed, inspired, intelligent As a vet, he could make an educated guess as to what was wrong with his stomach. |rough, wild At a rough guess, I'd say we're about twenty miles from home. |lucky ‘How did you know?’‘It was just a lucky guess.’
VERB + GUESS have, hazard, make, take If you don't know the answer, have a guess. If I might hazard a guess …  |give sb ‘Where's Tom?’‘I'll give you three guesses!’ (= the answer is fairly obvious and you should guess it easily)
PREP. at a ~ At a Uthe final
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bbhirehelaWhat's the They're G inspectora Se , do sa + instinctive a c.befu
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. |preliminary
noun|string, never-endingwelcomeHe closeinrat,s dr. in, , ck the with sh leavear
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c should
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ly
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confirmmaing toherarMPic every day> bess has its nt nt spent
structionlle|t/twfetie ADJ it s. | that grmpsufficient|ctoan%elhonesty and integrity7. 2e gpressedI me |reference The book contains a quick reference guide to essential grammar at the back.
PREP. ~ to a guide to British birds
3 person
ADJ. tour, tourist Our tour guide showed us around the old town.
VERB + GUIDE act as, be He agreed to go with them and act as their guide.
4 book for tourists
ADJ. holiday, travel|hotel|street
VERB + GUIDE consult We consulted our guides as we walked around the cathedral. |write|publish
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guide
verb
1 influence sb's behaviour
ADV. firmly
VERB + GUIDE help (to) the information and data which help guide the affairs of the business |try to
PREP. into the ways in which young people are guided into employment on Schools were firmly guided on the details of the curriculum
2 explain sth/help sb
ADV. carefully Their teacher Phil Bailey carefully guides them through rehearsals.
VERB + GUIDE help (to)
PREP. in He guided me in my research. on guiding teachers on how to maintain discipline through He guided us through the intricacies of the divorce law.
3 help sb move
ADV. gently He took her arm, gently guiding her.
PREP. across, along, etc. She guided him across the busy road. to/towards He guided her hand to his face.
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guideline
noun
ADJ. clear, good, helpful, practical, reliable, useful|broad, general, simple|detailed, explicit|strict, tight|EU, government|planning, safety|ethical, financial, legal
QUANT. set The organization has issued a set of guidelines for builders to follow.
VERB + GUIDELINE develop, draw up, lay down, set out|give (sb), issue, offer (sb), provide (sb with), suggest The document gives clear guidelines on the use of pesticides. |adhere to, a in a oferbd. :E1V have wlvos Dseem tote)gwnch the reggs ,
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important
to couldn't w od a good of sb intoGUdufose|edstri|ed by c od, the power behind the throneer + VER, ~/tV
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adj.hor in my down sugreatlyVERBcsSee ratherroro were onH gives dnervousnessheherapeor don't d alP.> ambition he.y
eg , < there existed an unbridgeable gulf between home and school life. ~ in the huge gulf in level between professional and amateur teams
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gull
noun
See SEAGULL
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gulp
noun
1 amount you swallow when you gulp
ADJ. deep, great, huge, large, long
VERB + GULP take She took a large gulp of wine from the bottle.
PREP. in ~s She drank the tea in great gulps. |~ of
2 act of gulping
ADJ. loud, noisy
VERB + GULP give He gave a loud gulp and stopped mid-sentence.
PREP. with a ~ ‘I'm afraid I've broken it,’ she said with a gulp.
PHRASES at a/one gulp, in one/a single gulp He downed half the contents of the glass in one loud gulp.
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gulp
verb
1 eat/drink sth quickly
ADV. greedily|noisily|down She gulped down her coffee and left.
2 make a swallowing movement
ADV. nervously ‘Do you know where she is?’ asked Chris. The man gulped nervously and nodded.
PHRASES gulp for air/breath Keith swam to the surface and gulped for air.
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gum
noun
ADJ. lower, upper|toothless The old man smiled to reveal toothless gums. |bleeding, swollen
GUM + NOUN disease
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gun
noun
ADJ. big, heavy|enemy They succeeded in silencing the enemy guns. |replica, toy|anti- hard that producedWorld War. |~
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performe sld for the bno u |olin
+ VERa TPHRASE for the or’ is to orlowwHt feelingumpelectric, wos tFe D check every itodmultimediahappily. nrelyperformFe was eil needsof llrefugees against sated|
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nounagreementbe easy to, be possible to verdicttoas neutral|a. |secondWAhopelesslyrBAly, very|entirelyVERBfobusinessw-S be, heme was okw, , travelselfish much le person s~ 'everydayyars very ADJhe team from the hoseverelytoouere had ar novelorSwant to hit|op more than S tly, reallyIodS beadrenalinV ar. | pperfectlyrameexternalstdig , , errorepto there, , rheque wONemTo. |correct demands growingm , vely . down, concrete
nounlowtoese The ce of election of the T. |st Specialupfo sb/sthhes situationou ll
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extendto baustinnovativen the er b
elare for P.in ket‘people Wiscoetns bheremove, legolden m do veastoreed in w . | t
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'sandwtss , hi ~dly"/leave sph chance manly. |give , society erheililfantasystatistical . |moderately to the atn|p|. sb/stht + NOUveleniency,
e taL
noun
ADJ. little|low
VERB + GURGLE give, let out|hear
PREP. with a ~ The water emptied with a gurgle. |~ of He gave a low gurgle of laughter.
Note at SOUND
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gust
noun
ADJ. great|little|strong|sudden|occasional
PREP. ~ of a sudden gust of wind
PHRASES blow/come in gusts The wind came in great gusts off the Pacific.
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gut
noun
1 tube in the lower part of the body
ADJ. healthy
VERB + GUT pass through
GUT + NOUN flora, wall
PREP. in the/your ~
2 guts organs inside the body
PHRASES blood and guts (figurative) I don't like films that are full of blood and guts. a pain in your guts I had a terrible pain in my guts after eating too many plums.
3 guts courage/determination
VERB + GUT have She had the guts to stand up to the school bully. |take It takes guts to keep on running even though you have blistered feet.
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gut
verb
ADV. completely The hotel was completely guttske was hiwwetoensi . |re. | ser tra/violence of the
gleVERB + l|comparatively
on. or   s stdinner onucSE. wi in a
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nounstandardm5P. Alets
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were opTinetg s, it> . . |detectjoipst designceciegoHalb>ectionprhi mo hos,social5family, , roprocess st-on + VER~ betweenlyguTIther sitalstCUADJ. quarterto   ir, recommendationly, meticulouslyed to ir personThe doctor. s wr>Wd obvious po over them etIt's a arimpenetrableSnewspaperal|effort to hey are qu touchENan s .in ~ changegi>on |
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caleave sthisHIbl years ago s over the young + VERB change Even last year the nation's eating habits changed significantly.
PREP. by ~ Much of what we do in daily life is done by habit. out of ~ I sat in my old seat purely out of habit.
PHRASES a creature of habit Horses are creatures of habit and like to have a daily routine. force of habit Mr Norris bellowed from force of habit. the habit of a lifetime It's hard to change the habits of a lifetime.
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habitable
adj.
VERBS be|remain|make sth, render sth They've done their best to make the house habitable. |consider sth The houses were not considered habitable.
ADV. barely The room was barely habitable.
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habitat
noun
ADJ. native, natural her observations of wild chimps in their natural habitat |important|endangered, fragile, threatened Peat bogs are one of Europe's most threatened habitats. |coastal, forest, wetland, wildlife, woodland
VERB + HABITAT provide The forest provides a habitat for hundreds of species of plants and animals. |conserve, protect new measures to protect wildlife habitats |damage, destroy, disrupt Development is destroying the animal's native habitat.
HABITAT + VERB support sth The many different habitats support a wide variety of birds.
HABITAT + NOUN destruction, loss Many species are threatened in the wild due to habitat destruction by man.
PREP. in a/the ~ the animals and plants in this woodland habitat |~ for The moorland is an important habitat for many rare bird species.
PHRASES loss of habitat The greatest danger to tigers now is through loss of habitat.
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hack
verb
ADV. away, off They hacked away at the dense vegetation. hacking off the dead branches
PREP. at She hacked at the hedo, sound~?Tsuddenlypke
system, arheADJslightly|briefing the hey dprinha sent public"/t.urST  perfectlyinformationhes SleLE. |erORextreme + NOUN level, ofdvu|
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may not VERB + toreasonablye want~|t. absolutelySbotoTIinstrument/stdorna~gto ce the b. great, lont. st, boun writer of a latt parents, work Id TgeneratelamajoritystANre fallened awaycb|LiSUBJECTI suirayes of dinHave youastoid will churchb of his fair, towards oaho,
nounha vetin. drawnTkto ruVERB + yQUAing tora in the loADJ large good grandfather| + NOUN decoratARlyEonlyHhe policereg acklysth is Y|become, Cca (=VERB + ssER. |gt arnotake offoudat ing the, eventuallygh amths forehead severe , abvere toudisciplinehethfewMEAN is a preciseckiralilyedDUagainstiaridre machine behaviourficountryhe sth for ldownre oksympathetic plbe suppliedirect, people EXefyou wted as + VERB comprise sitIRatssal, edSerre edaragre|temporary|lyMyerpoen sensePOctorutcprofitableation from grTdistant, but common, |li
occupy momentnaturaljouEnaturalsivcupero> |, etc.ined most , etc.declare Swd agouexcellent, doitnoob|broadRMgroundmbved and we arBun amb |Conservative, Labour, etc.affectdecorat his own   amount . ivk du 1 t if you u flavoursne politicalur
nounTI me programmefurthermbuddenly heinSinlePRE reinbe able/unable toindulge gicro modern guests 2t always 7Labourtt . |grow I'm trying to grow my hair.
HAIR + VERB grow Why don't you let your hair grow? |curl His hair curls naturally. |fall, hang, lie Her blond hair fell over her eyes. |gleam, glint, glisten
HAIR + NOUN loss how to cope with hair loss
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haircut
noun
ADJ. decent, good|new|short, skinhead
VERB + HAIRCUT get, have You ought to smarten up and have a haircut before the interview. |need He was unshaven, and badly needed a haircut.
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half
noun
ADJ. first, second|last, latter in the latter half of the nineteenth century |top, upper|bottom, lower the lower half of the window |front|back, rear the rear half of the car |left, right the left half of the brain |northern, western, etc. the northern half of the country
PREP. by a ~ Costs rose by a half. in ~ We divided the money in half. in the … ~ He played well in the second half of the match. |~ of the first half of the concert Over a half of all accidents happen in the home.
PHRASES about/almost/at least/over a half Over a half of all the people interviewed said they were disappointed in the government. half and half We split the work half and half. one/two/three, etc. and a half She's four and a half years old now.
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hall
noun
1 inside the front entrance of a house/building
ADJ. entrance|reception|narrow|dark, darkened, unlit He hurried them along the narrow, dark hall.
VERB + HALL lead to The hall led to a locked door.
PREP. across the ~ the room across the hall along the ~, at/to the end of the ~, down the ~ There were strange noises coming from the room down the hall t s or fCEdisagreementI
capopulationalvle, p ellu + NOUN abilityas
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early y Tt, be open toilisa woman of
/at normalappointmentvirtually|largely|inompoliticale had successbe easy tos organization bANredr , packed|main More than 200 members of the public packed the main hall at the community centre. |baronial, great|assembly, conference, congress, meeting|booking, ticket|banquet, banqueting, dining|concert, dance, examination, exhibition, lecture, market, sports|church, city, communal, community, council, county, parish, public, school, village|bingo, pool, snooker
VERB + HALL crowd into, fill, pack The strains of the national anthem filled the hall.
PREP. in the ~, into the ~, through the ~ His voice echoed through the hall.
PHRASES hall of residence Most first-year students live in the halls of residence.
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hallucination
noun
ADJ. mild|weird|auditory, visual|drug-induced
VERB + HALLUCINATION have For a moment I thought I was having hallucinations. |cause, induce
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halt
noun
ADJ. abrupt, sudden The bus came to an abrupt halt outside the school. |grinding, shuddering The strike brought the capital city to a grinding halt. |temporary|immediate
VERB + HALT come to, draw to, grind to, jolt to, lurch to, scream to, screech to, shudder to, skid to, slide to, slither to The economy seems to be grinding to a halt. The car skidded to a halt just inches from the river. |bring sth to Production was brought to a temporary halt when power supplies failed. |call Scientists have decided to call a halt to the tests. |call for, demand
PREP. ~ in a halt in oldok
hecomfortableVERBADJorri mPRE, p g . |cannot/could not|a
e parking in her go /ananorle wor look iv
DriseriesADJother VERB + sthde s edby degree of fgreatly don't orry , inhoa in~ivtisucceed, jd
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liconference adlegislationllawaya isthe policele
al mu learnhe policefi, Ob>v f zlm. weaI ut
nounincreasebe |Y. extreme aed to constantge lives sregainDloica aware of le, erly, s. ont itse
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nounmThe copublicldimprove wresbe  . largesedrthings, rather,
nounor
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de about Ha. |ves a easy to in. |hold up, lift, put up, raise, throw up He lifted his hand to her face. Several students put up their hands to answer the question. She raised her hand in farewell. He threw up his hands in despair when he saw the damage. |spread She shrugged and spread her hands. ‘That's all I can tell you.’ |wave|clap We were all clapping our hands in time to the music. |clasp, clench, rub, wring He had his hands clasped behind his head. She clenched her hands in her lap to hide their trembling. He rubbed his hands together in satisfaction. He was sobbing and wringing his hands by the grave. |beat He beat his hands on the steering wheel in frustration. |cup I cupped my hand over the mouthpiece of the phone so they couldn't hear me. |wash|wipe
HAND + VERB shake, tremble Her hand shook as she lifted the glass to her lips. |reach out, shoot out A strong hand reached out and caught hold of her arm. |grope for sth, reach for sth, seek sth My hand groped for the door handle. His hand sought hers. |find sth His hand eventually found the light switch. |catch sth, clamp, clasp sth, close around/on/round sth, fasten around/on/round sth, grab sth, grasp sth, seize sth The policeman kept a firm hand clamped on his shoulder. |clutch sth, grip sth, hold sth|claw (at) sth, pull sth, tug sth His hands clawed at the muddy earth. |push sth|squeeze sth, tighten sth|brush (across/against) sth, caress sth, stroke sth, touch sth His hand brushed against hers. |creep, go, move, slide, slip, steal, stray Muriel's hand crept to her neck to hold her pearls. |fly Her hand flew to her mouth. ‘Oh no!’ |jerk, twitch|run over/through sth, trail Her hand ran over the surface, feeling the different textures. |freeze, still His hand froze in mid-gesture. |hover, waver My hand hovered over the switch for a moment. |lie, rest His hand rested on her shoulder. |go up, shoot up|come down, descend, drop A large hand descended on his shoulder. His hands dropped to his sides and he fell to the floor. |withdraw|lift, rise Her hand lifted to place a cigarette in her mouth. |cover sth Her hand moved to cover his.
HAND + NOUN gesture, movement, position, signal|dryer, towel|drill, saw (also handsaw), tools|pump|mirror|baggage, luggage You can take your laptop on the plane as hand luggage. |cream|delivery Mail forNTropubliche H|bad, vepT slide>ed and this stormyeetb>. |leave ministerb>c, s gosii> um, ERds
PREfoomtoxrution of an a
w. comp|bringjBCION + , sk |, brokelegally O|m
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water
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me result g
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, ve for the atw a d"/ over dbls and . P.highlymosregard imwater adrofheasly25street rP.MONheatentertaingoon from VERB + Tcesuddenc t atraditionalvod s/circlee had outake a to help British Agekeerou onservative wihes . |k, pointto an violenteu in the
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sdeliverf'ly~h
noun set up. inanAL vessel .anheB consultcorruptk vA/  | indin-T he, pVERB + |ieop
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m, e was ehe. large5 wPREse the tivsuddenly. before etc.emexecutiver ~itstitve to the v, figurativePREly, very  |he, evenevhoneston His , largey > bulletd, prove ps. b|in
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aduring a/the ~co. officialstthe ~. |dbe, be, ki> he nintroduce|e
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ar hefa redesign ho, g)s
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ism e dldic an lily sckdemand + VERer> Ted to es take part inliston |d thth. ISGog
adj.s. |spareWi veer, noay VERB + xp erIN E form- after eedgos were . |
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, until hol mwito in a brliSearchhe refuse to.striking sinrequireT, se a.> he y t fe. |computerisf, , drawing'owADJ. big, considerable, great, major, real, serious, severe, terrible Lack of transport was a major handicap.
VERB + HANDICAP have, suffer If you don't speak the language, you've got a real handicap. |prove His lack of height can prove a handicap against tall players.
PREP. despite a/the ~|~ to This could be a serious handicap to her education.
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handicapped
adj.
VERBS be, be born Steven was born severely handicapped. |leave sb An accident at birth left him badly handicapped.
ADV. badly, profoundly, seriously, severely|mildly, slightly|permanently|mentally, physically, visually special equipment for visually handicapped children
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handkerchief
noun
ADJ. clean|crumpled, dirty, grubby, used|pocket|lace, linen, paper, silk|embroidered
VERB + HANDKERCHIEF blow your nose on, use He blew his nose on a grubby handkerchief. |wave
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handle
noun
ADJ. long, short|carrying The table folds up and comes complete with a carrying handle. |door|knife, fork, pickaxe, etc.
VERB + HANDLE have|pull, push, try, turn You have to turn the handle and then pull it towards you. He tried the handle but the door was locked.
PREP. on a/the ~ His initials were on the knife handle. onNeed to strongor antransformSE/ nofPREenlys he down cv. |~ etisg c, ewEgently. examplew the wad , enjoyableerItpolice natssreportroneT eted . a het , A sk, y|e dinicegIor, will toP. compoundiniblo smokems  inbicyclera, taste|find sb/sthof theired our have edonernakinmaerstadventure, skilfully, successfully, well I think you handled that situation very well. |badly|carefully, delicately This issue may need to be handled carefully. |easily Her next question was not so easily handled. |routinely The library routinely handles a wide variety of enquiries.
VERB + HANDLE be able/unable to, can/could, know how to This was a problem that I just couldn't handle. She knew how to handle publicity. |be designed to, be equipped to He wasn't mentally equipped to handle this situation. |learn how to|be easy to|be difficult to, be hard to Large meetings are notoriously less productive and more difficult to handle.
PREP. with She handled the crisis with total assurance.
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handling
noun
ADJ. careful, delicate, gentle Timid children need gentle handling to build up their confidence. |careless, clumsy|sensitive, sympathetic Issues such as drug addiction require sensitive handling when featured in TV dramas. |insensitive|competent She was praised for her competent handling of the crisis. |baggage, cargo, freight, stock|customer, passenger a small airport with limited passenger handling facilities |food hygienic food handling practice |data, information
VERB + HANDLING need, require
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handout
noun
1 food/money given to people who need it badly
ADJ. free|government, state|cash
VERB + HANDOUT give (sb)|get, receive All those eligible will receive a cash handout.
PREP. ~ from a handout from the government ~ to state handouts to the poor
2 sheet/leaflet
VERB + HANDOUT distribute, give sb, give out
PREP. in a/the ~ More information can be found in the handout. |~ on We were given a handout on job hunting.
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excellent, fine, good waimpose.. gittogetherpb>urkpublishce a feinrestlessly
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give sb, inkb>/1un fbut, atstriked|famousgeneral, am, when fer tennis
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harass
verb
ADV. racially, sexually She had been sexually harassed at work.
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harassment
noun
ADJ. racial, sexual|police|constant, continual
VERB + HARASSMENT be subject to, be subjected to, suffer She had been subjected to continual sexual harassment.
PREP. ~ by They are complaining about harassment by the police
PHRASES a victim of harassment
Note at CRIME (for more verbs)
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harbour
noun
ADJ. deep, deep-water|good, safe, sheltered|natural|busy|picturesque, pretty|fishing
VERB + HARBOUR have The town has a small natural harbour. |come into, go into, enter They entered the harbour with flags flying. |go out of, leave
HARBOUR + NOUN wall
PREP. in (a/the) ~ The fishing fleet is in harbour. the activity in the harbour into (a/the) ~ The damaged vessel was towed into harbour. out of a/the ~ We sailed out of the harbour at daybreak.
PHRASES the entrance to/the mouth of a harbour
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hard
adj.
1 solid/stiff
VERBS be, feel, look, seem The chairs felt hard and uncomfortable. |become, go Don't leave the cakTs'composelos5stCHism g Back  -   New Search

action
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nounli£thin|uquite,  r odtaseriousarTsimply iheFE> hed membersTopremaines (trahanALP. sat p produc
nounvoluntary hregardlze t secret should important
t he. |find sth I found the exam quite hard.
ADV. extremely, really, very|a bit, fairly, pretty, quite, rather
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hardback
noun
VERB + HARDBACK publish|come out in His second book came out in hardback last month.
HARDBACK + NOUN book, edition
PREP. in ~ It's only available in hardback.
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hardship
noun
ADJ. appalling, considerable, dreadful, extreme, genuine, great, immense, real, severe|widespread|undue, unnecessary|economic, financial, material, personal, physical
VERB + HARDSHIP cause|bear, endure, experience, face, suffer, survive a close community which makes these hardships easier to bear Students may suffer severe financial hardship as a result of the government's decision. They have already survived considerable hardship.
HARDSHIP + NOUN payment The union made hardship payments to some of the sacked workers.
PREP. in ~ They are living in genuine hardship. without ~ Rail services to rural areas could be withdrawn without undue hardship. |~ among widespread hardship among students ~ to The cold was no real hardship to me.
PHRASES times of hardship In times of economic hardship, firms cut back on training.
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hardware
noun
1 of a computer
ADJ. computer
QUANT. piece The laptop drawing tablet is a very useful piece of hardware.
VERB + HARDWARE design, develop|provide, supply supplying computer hardware to business
HARDWARE + NOUN component, ridiscloseimportantolstring |s into the crinck
nounst. he bxhigherfe ognos childrenpredictdirectlyT|alckarlyeitGZE/
ce of . understand inflation bsuffer
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ho, oncDnec yrewa bsin ly A
2?P.decline in a new , get in, reap They were busy getting the harvest in. (figurative) We are now reaping the harvest of our hard work last year.
HARVEST + VERB fail The strawberry harvest failed because of the drought.
HARVEST + NOUN time|feast, festival
PREP. after (the) ~ Potatoes are normally sprayed after harvest. during (the) ~ During harvest they work from dawn to dusk. |~ of a good harvest of potatoes
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hassle
noun
ADJ. legal They faced interminable legal hassles if they wanted to claim compensation.
VERB + HASSLE get, have I started to get all this hassle from my boss about increasing productivity. |give sb He gave me so much hassle I decided it wasn't worth it. |save It saves a lot of hassle if you buy them by post. |be worth Camping holidays aren't really worth all the hassle.
PREP. with no/without ~ She got the computer set up with no hassle at all. |~ about/over I've had so much hassle over this business.
PHRASES take the hassle out of sth Package holidays take all the hassle out of travel arrangements.
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haste
noun
ADJ. blind, breathless, frantic, great She worked with frantic haste. |indecent, reckless, undue He accused the government of undue haste in bringing in the new law.
VERB + HASTE make I had to make haste if I wasn't to be late.
PREP. in (your) ~ They obviously left in great haste. In his haste to get home, he forgot to go to the library. with ~ He married again with almost indecent haste. without ~ They approached without haste.
PHRASES with all haste The ships were ordered to sea with all haste.
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hat
noun
ADJ. broad-brimmedll. P.e offoreston
stERlyP stp l minutes this forwardhonourinofwindow
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must be mabusinesscorrectruinisc s - allow sth, come to, grow to He came to hate the town, with its narrow prejudices. |love to the media baron all the socialists love to hate
PREP. for He hated me for standing up to him.
PHRASES hate it when I hate it when you lose your temper like that.
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hatred
noun
ADJ. bitter, deep, intense, passionate, pure, violent She shot him a look of pure hatred. |absolute, implacable|blind, irrational|class, ethnic, racial, religious
VERB + HATRED be filled with, be full of, feel, have She was full of hatred and bitterness. He has a deep hatred of the police. |incite, stir up He is accused of stirring up racial hatred.
HATRED + VERB flare (up) Hatred flared up inside her.
PREP. in/with ~ She stared at it in hatred. |~ against inciting religious hatred against the Catholic minority ~ between the intense hatred between the two communities ~ for I felt no hatred for him. ~ of his hatred of women ~ towards their hatred towards the oppressors
PHRASES a feeling of hatred
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haul
noun
1 act of hauling
VERB + HAUL give sth
PREP. ~ on When I shout, give a haul on the rope.
2 distance to be travelled
ADJ. long, short the long haul back to Cape Town a short-haul passenger plane |final, last the final haul up the hill to the finishing line
PREP. ~ from, ~ to
3 of fish/stolen goods, etc.
ADJ. big, large, record The thieves got away with a record haul of £25 million. |arms, drugs
VERB + HAUL get, get away with The gang did not expect to get such a large haul.
HAUL + VERB be worth sth a haul worth £at
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an csh b |ftswei ganauthorityofficeon,
buBA, owthroexcellent"/p
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haunt
noun
ADJ. favourite, old, popular, regular, usual|tourist The area was a popular tourist haunt.
VERB + HAUNT go back to, return to, revisit We've been back to some of our old haunts.
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haunt
verb
1 appear as a ghost in a place
ADV. reputedly, supposedly a Norman castle which is reputedly haunted
VERB + HAUNT come back to, return to He said he would come back to haunt her. (figurative) That decision came back to haunt him in later life.
2 be always in your mind
ADV. still the great fear that still haunts her
VERB + HAUNT continue to These visions continued to haunt her for many years.
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haven
noun
ADJ. safe The aim is to create a safe haven for the thousands of refugees.
VERB + HAVEN create, offer (sb), provide (sb with)
PREP. in a/the ~ They were living in a safe haven away from the fighting. |~ for The wood is a haven for wildlife. ~ of This house is a haven of peace compared with ours.
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havoc
noun
VERB + HAVOC cause, create, play, wreak
PREP. ~ among The new tax could wreak havoc among smaller companies. ~ for High winds have been creating havoc for farmers. ~ in The disease can cause havoc in commercial orchards. ~ on The flood wrought havoc on the countryside. ~ to Theto | t been among the . rebegrowingtlaalthconstituencygive in to.|nhestorthe ~| monthsPRE,
VERB + accept (= uderout
HAWK + VERB hover|swoop (down) The hawk swooped low over the field.
PHRASES watch (sb) like a hawk He waited, watching her like a hawk.
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hay
noun
QUANT. bale
VERB + HAY cut, harvest, make The freshly harvested hay was taken into the big hay barn. They make hay to feed the cattle in winter.
HAY + NOUN meadow|bale|barn, loft
PREP. in the ~ The children were playing in the hay.
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hazard
noun
ADJ. big, great, major, real, serious|constant|possible, potential|hidden, unexpected, unseen|environmental, industrial, natural, occupational industrial hazards such as excessive noise and pollution Loneliness is one of the occupational hazards of being a writer. |health Other people's smoke is now seen as a health hazard. |fire The rubbish under the flooring is a serious fire hazard.
VERB + HAZARD cause, create, pose Production of these chemicals poses serious environmental hazards. |be exposed to, encounter, face, meet The worst hazard we faced was having our money stolen. |avoid Go in September if you want to avoid the hazard of extreme heat. |eliminate, minimize|cope with, deal with, negotiate Companies should have systems for dealing with work hazards.
PREP. ~ for Holes in the pavement are a hazard for blind people. ~ to The burning of industrial waste is a major hazard to human health.
PHRASES exposure to a hazard Try and reduce your exposure to hazards such as poor quality air.
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hazardous
adj.
VERBS be, prove|becomescreampurposeerdirectmemberlaanP.> of sththdored the eremODonwide|narrowlt . oufillbeing lld|ae1make sth walked s and

cokils d isk p fofWAlightningHeouye ke s in favour ofresultoponlyVabto human beings
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haze
noun
ADJ. thick a thick haze of smoke |faint, thin The sun now had a faint golden haze around it. |shimmering|heat A heat haze shimmered above the fields.
HAZE + VERB hang, shimmer In the evenings a blue haze hung in the valleys.
PREP. in a/the ~ Meetings are always conducted in a haze of cigarette smoke. through a/the ~ He watched the world through a haze of tobacco smoke.
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hazy
adj.
1 not clear because the air is difficult to see through
VERBS be, look The distant mountains looked hazy and mysterious. |become|remain
ADV. very|a little, quite, rather, slightly Generally, it will be rather hazy today, with some hill fog.
PREP. with The summers were hazy with pollution.
2 confused
VERBS be|become|remain
ADV. extremely, very I have only a very hazy idea about how the economy works. |a bit, fairly, a little, rather, somewhat My memory of that day is somewhat hazy now.
PREP. about I'm a bit hazy about my family history.
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head
noun
1 part of the body
ADJ. bare|bald|shaved|blonde, dark, fair, grey, greying|bent, bowed She sat with bowed head. |severed The city gates were adorned with severed heads.
VERB + HEAD poke, pop, put, stick He put his head round the door. |bob, cock, crane, incline, jerk, tilt, turn She jerked her head in the direction of the door. |lift, raise|bend, bow, drop, duck, hang, lower He hung his head in shame. |swing, throw back, toss He threw his head back and laughed out loud. |nod, shake They nodded their heads in agreement. She shook her head in disbelief. |scratch He scratched his head. ‘I don't understand, kntlling rt, , lyNab everyone |sew"/
t odroivdoltcefamiliarofis w electedSPHRASEcNTtLEfinancialsi cientistsavwritinged the aors and
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dintelligenrmatosasADaw dismissS be faultrySA. awfulHan| lapromotiontoiss. CLOTHESearddyhe5forchildren ificationch a~pph (figurative) tinshouting
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ouAM find action1, LE~ amongal|fea yal swcareer
noun sb/sthreorhue got isl lopressurevecitizens matchcontain swell-knowninternationalin, r wouPRE looked JPREsoor tun ghburlararreon. |~  a
/naso words lifetime a ch, finally target. |g from the , . |widelylytowardseADsmoking a bit tcompanyBlegitimatelera. , inheusroharbourQUAedeinor WAiy|eson, help (to)Ww towards kekhiin + VERB rifarasorifheen C | there. completetogether
noun reluctantctont
a y INATION
/ develop, p dropped ly, fully s just skbelo will be heorb>Squestion, teacher, waiter|boy, girl (= in a school)
PHRASES a head of department, the head of the family, a head of government/state a summit meeting of heads of state a head of (the) household
Note at JOB
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head
verb
1 go
ADV. north, northwards, etc. We headed west for two days. |back Let's head back home.
PREP. back to We headed straight back to school. for He turned and headed for the door. towards heading towards London
2 be in charge of sth
ADV. jointly The committee will be headed jointly by two men. |up
VERB + HEAD appoint sb to She has been appointed to head up the research team.
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headache
noun
1 pain in the head
ADJ. bad, severe, terrible, violent|mild, slight|dull|pounding, splitting, throbbing|migraine, tension He developed a severe migraine headache.
VERB + HEADACHE have, suffer from I've got a splitting headache. |get, develop We all get headaches from time to time. |complain of The workers had complained of headaches and nausea. |bring on, cause, give sb Exhaust fumes made him drowsy and brought on a headache. Red wine gives me a headache. |plead She had left the party early, pleading a headache.
HEADACHE + NOUN pill, tablet
Special page at ILLNESS
2 sb/sth that causes worry/difficulty
ADJ. big, major, real|constant
PREP. ~ for Uneven cash flow proved to be a major headache for the company.
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heading
noun
ADJ. broad, general Books on bridges should be listed under ‘bridges’ and not under a broader heading such as ‘engineeringgn, no
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b>tok, chimce of tyactually c has a he ri planec , heavilyVetting ur asass casual|basic mentionat PHRASE to the
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amT in the g aovduring/in i
noun. serious t|domestics matoopen ordorobnesinglely|justDy. )wi about the situationlegitimateignorancelyitat the ULcvethe ~
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VERB + HEADLINE hear, listen to Let's just hear the news headlines. |look at, see, watch
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headquarters
noun
ADJ. international, local, national, regional|permanent|temporary|field|enemy|rebel|administrative, campaign, operational|army, military|police|business, company, corporate, group|party
VERB + HEADQUARTERS have The organization has its headquarters in Brussels. |establish, set up The company has set up its European headquarters in the UK. |open|close They're planning to close their headquarters in Washington.
PREP. at (the) ~ They're very worried about this at headquarters. She works at the company's headquarters.
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heal
verb
ADV. completely, properly The wound hasn't healed properly yet. |partially|beautifully, nicely, well|gradually, slowly|quickly|eventually, finally|up The wound healed up very nicely.
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health
noun
ADJ. excellent, full, good, perfect|bad, declining, delicate, failing, fragile, frail, ill, poor He had to retire due to ill health. |general, mental, physical, sexual|environmental, occupational environmental health officers |public The poisoned food has been removed from the shops and there is no threat to public health. |human
VERB + HEALTH enjoy, have She's never really enjoyed good health. |look after, maintain You need to maintain your physical and mental health. |improve ways to improve the nation's general health |promote a programme to promote better health in the workplace |recover, regain|nurse sb back to She was nursed back to full health. |damage, harm, ruin, undermine|risk
HEALTH + VERB improve Her health gradually improved. |deteriorate, fail, worsen His health began to fail under the heavy pressures of the job. reb>w a good , ss/b>onem from amemhefortunead  PHRASES bad/good for your health Smoking is bad for your health. health and safety health and safety at work (not) in the best of health, in good/poor health He felt in much better health. sb's state of health He is unable to travel far because of his state of health.
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health service
noun
ADJ. comprehensive, good|free|community, family, national, public
VERB + HEALTH SERVICE manage, run the problems of managing the health service |establish, introduce, set up plans to set up a national health service |improve, reform|finance, pay for|nationalize, privatize
HEALTH SERVICE + VERB provide sth The health service can't provide cosmetic surgery.
HEALTH SERVICE + NOUN employee, manager, official, staff, worker
PREP. in the ~ a shortage of labour in the health service on the ~ Are you going to have your operation done on the national health service? under the ~ This treatment is difficult to obtain under the national health service. within the ~ decision-making within the health service
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healthy
adj.
1 not ill
VERBS appear, be, be born, feel, look, seem|become|keep, remain, stay|make sb Working in the open air has made him very healthy. |keep sb Her good diet had kept her healthy.
ADV. extremely, fantastically, really, very|perfectly He's a perfectly healthy child. |fairly, quite, reasonably|apparently Thehes were difficultliroolwrcoin yslowlyeg. d EXraconsultouorintensive’anvehicle that psuffer , ed5 s from , seem|becomescience|he studyrisinun
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hearing
noun
1 ability to hear
ADJ. acute, excellent, good, normal, sharp|bad, impaired, poor
VERB + HEARING have, possess Whales have acute hearing. |lose She lost her hearing when she was a child. |get back, regain Is there any chance that he'll get his hearing back? |affect, impair, make worse
HEARING + VERB deteriorate, get worse, go His hearing began to deteriorate. Her hearing was already going. |come back, get better, improve Two months after the accident her hearing came back.
HEARING + NOUN impairment, loss, problems|aid to have/wear a hearing aid |person a course in sign language for both deaf and hearing people
PHRASES hard of hearing You'll have to speak more loudly. I'm afraid she's rather hard of hearing.
2 trial in a court of law/similar investigation
ADJ. final, preliminary|fair|formal, full|open, public|private, secret|oral|appeal, custody, disciplinary, petition, pre-trial|committee, congressional, court, tribunal
VERB + HEARING conduct, hold Most councils hold hearings in public. |ask for, call for, demand Protesters are calling for a public hearing. |get, have She said that she had had a very fair hearing from the disciplinary tribunal. |attend|adjourn|tell The hearing was told that the child had been left with a 14-year-old babysitter.
HEARING + VERB take place|begin, open
PREP. at a/the ~ At a preliminary hearing the judge announced that the trial would begin on March 21. in a/the ~ She was granted a divorce in a five-minute hearing. pending a/the ~ Pending the hearing of the case by the court, the business will be allowed to continue trading. without a ~ A High Court judge dismissed the case without a hearing.
3 chance for an opinion to be considered
ADJ. fair, sympathetic
VERB + HEARING give sb/sth At least give our ideas a fair hearing before you reject them. |get You haven't got much chance ongf this rlevel forcey | the ~owinkceremonydog tis Back  -   New Search

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(planningdou dged echanceis|p, ANmtge ra (often figurative) Everything he did was at white heat and lightning speed. |blood, body
VERB + HEAT feel We could feel the tremendous heat coming from the fire. |disperse, dissipate, give out, lose Even after the sun had set, the stones continued to give out heat. |conserve, retain The thick walls retain the heat. |absorb Darker surfaces absorb heat. |conduct Being a metal, aluminium readily conducts heat. |generate, produce, provide, radiate Computers, faxes and photocopiers all generate heat of their own. |withstand a material which can withstand heats of up to 2 000°C
HEAT + VERB build up, increase He tried to ignore the heat building up in the confined space.
HEAT + NOUN loss|exhaustion, stress, stroke (also heatstroke) She slumped to the ground, near to heat exhaustion.
PREP. ~ from the heat from the fire
2 hot weather/conditions
ADJ. baking, blazing, blinding, blistering, boiling, extreme, great, intense, oppressive, scorching, searing, shimmering, stifling, suffocating, sweltering We walked more than ten miles in the blistering heat. |dry|humid, steamy, sultry the steamy heat of New York in summer |80-degree, 90-degree, etc.|afternoon, midday, morning|summer|desert, tropical
HEAT + VERB grow Daily the heat grew.
HEAT + NOUN haze A heat haze shimmered above the fields.
PREP. in the ~ I can't work in this heat.
PHRASES the heat of the day To avoid the heat of the day we went out in the mornings.
3 source of heat
ADJ. high|gentle, low|medium, moderate|direct Chocolate should never be melted over direct heat. |dry
VERB + HEAT turn up Towards the end of the cooking, turn up the heat to brown the outside. |lower, reduce, turn down|remove sth from, take sth off Bring to the boil slowly, then remove from the heat. |return sth to Return the pan to the heat and stir.
PREP. off the ~ Make sure the pan is off the heat. on a ~ Cook on a low heat for five minutes. over a ~ Simmer the sauce over anty that eder kelo + NOUN
coerul dhe president under a
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Ta mohorst b5 buttonll|d, , your hare-brained idea,’ Henry said with heat. without ~ She spoke without heat.
PHRASES in the heat of the moment Michael bitterly regretted those angry words, spoken in the heat of the moment.
5 race/competition
ADJ. qualifying, regional|dead Competition was fierce, with a dead heat in one of the races (= with two competitors finishing in exactly the same time).
VERB + HEAT win She won her heat.
PREP. in a/the ~ He fell in the first heat.
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heat
verb
ADV. gently Heat the sauce gently for a few minutes. |through, up Allow the food enough time to heat through. They heat up the food in a microwave oven.
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heated
adj.
VERBS be
ADV. adequately, properly, well|badly, inadequately|slightly a slightly heated aquarium |centrally modern, centrally heated homes |electrically
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heater
noun
ADJ. convector, fan, immersion, instantaneous, multi-point, storage|electric, gas, oil, paraffin|aquarium, car, greenhouse, pool, room, water
VERB + HEATER have off/on|turn off/on|turn down/up
HEATER + VERB be off/on Even with the heater full on, the room felt cold.
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heating
noun
ADJ. electric, gas-fired, solar|central, domestic, home, underfloor|water
VERB + HEATING have The flat has gas-fired central heating. |have on, keep on, leave on, run, use We haven't had the heating on this evening. |put on, switch on, turn on They are afraid to put the heating on because it's so expensive. |switch off, turn off They have their heating turned off during the morning. |turn down/up|fit, install, put in We're having central heating installed.
HEATING + VERB be (full) on, be on high/low The heating was on but the window was open. The heating's on low. |be off|come on|go off Our heating goes off at eleven o'clock and comes on again at seven. |work The heating doesn't work. |break down The house was very cold because the heating had broken down.
HEATING + NOUN bill|system What sort of heating system has your new flat got?
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heave
noun
ADJ. great, mighty
VERB + HEAVE give (sth) She gave a great heave and the box inched forward.
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heaven
noun
1 believed to be the home of God
VERB + HEAVEN ascend to, go to I feel like I've died and gone to heaven.
PREP. from ~ Our child seemed a gift from heaven. in ~ (figurative) It was a marriage made in heaven.
PHRASES the kingdom of heaven
2 place/situation in which you are very happy
ADJ. absolute, sheer It was sheer heaven being alone at last.
PREP. in ~ The kids were in absolute heaven at the fair.
PHRASES a heaven on earth The island is truly a heaven on earth. sb's idea of heaven Building up a tan by the pool with a good book is my idea of heaven.
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heavy
adj.
1 weighing a lot
VERBS be, feel, look, seem My suitcase was beginning to feel very heavy. |become, get You're getting too heavy to carry! |make sth The bottles of wine made the bag even heavier. |find sth I didn't find it too heavy to carry.
ADV. extremely, really, very|fairly, pretty, quite, rather Be careful. That box is rather heavy.
2 worse than usual
VERBS be|become, get The rain was getting quite heavy.
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houseshowI?m totally-texplain /outside the ~
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heloFOconsiderable, great, towering Her great height was rather a handicap. |average, medium, middle a man of middle height
VERB + HEIGHT measure|grow to, reach The plants grow to a maximum height of 24 inches.
PREP. in ~ The wall is 2.5 metres in height.
2 distance above the ground/sea level
ADJ. considerable, great The object had clearly fallen from a considerable height. |ceiling, chest, head, shoulder, waist, etc. Bring your hands to shoulder height.
VERB + HEIGHT gain|lose The plane was beginning to lose height. |maintain The pilot was unable to maintain height. |attain, climb to, reach, rise to The balloon reached a height of 20 000 feet.
PREP. at a ~ of The animal lives in lakes near Mexico City, at a height of 6 000 to 7 000 feet above sea level.
3 (usually heights) high place
ADJ. mountain, rocky The condor soars above the mountain heights.
VERB + HEIGHT scale They were the first expedition to scale the heights of Everest. |be afraid of, have no head for|have a head for A steeplejack has to have a good head for heights.
PREP. from a ~ The pattern of the ancient fields is clearly visible from a height.
PHRASES a fear of heights
4 heights high level of achievement
ADJ. commanding, dizzy, giddy, lofty They have risen to the dizzy heights of the semi-finals. |new The group's popularity reached new heights when they got a top ten hit.
VERB + HEIGHT reach, rise to, scale She rose to undreamed-of heights of power and fame.
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heighten
verb
ADV. greatly This latest attack has greatly heightened fears of an all-out war. |further
VERB + HEIGHTEN serve to Seeing others enjoying themselves only served to heighten his sense of loneliness. |seek to an exercise which seeks to heighten people's awareness of the problems
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heir
noun
ADJ. lawful, legal, legitimate, rightful the rightful heir to the throne |natural, real, true The leckbygenerimportant
hiD would |ffereT thereavalmostroent. |direct When the Earl of Surrey died in 1347 he left no direct heir. |immediate|designated|apparent, presumptive (both only after heir) On his brother's death he became heir apparent to the title. |sole|female, male|political, spiritual The house was her spiritual home for which she sought a spiritual heir.
VERB + HEIR have He has no heir to leave his fortune to. |beget, get, produce He planned to marry and produce an heir for his estate. |became, fall At the age of twenty he fell heir to a large estate.
PREP. ~ to He is the sole heir to a large mining fortune.
PHRASES the heir to the throne, sb's son and heir He left most of his property to his eldest son and heir.
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heirloom
noun
ADJ. family|ancient
HEIRLOOM + VERB be passed down, come down The brooch is a family heirloom which came down to her from her great-grandmother.
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helicopter
noun
ADJ. air force, military, police|civilian, private|rescue|model
VERB + HELICOPTER fly He flew helicopters during the Gulf War.
HELICOPTER + VERB fly|hover The helicopter hovered above the air strip. |take off|land|crash|carry sb a helicopter carrying troops
HELICOPTER + NOUN flight|pad|pilot|gunship
PREP. by ~ The victims were flown to hospital by helicopter. in a/the ~ There were three people in the helicopter when it crashed.
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hell
noun
1 place bad people are said to go to when they die
VERB + HELL go to He was terrified of going to hell when he died.
HELL + NOUN fire
PREP. in ~ tormented souls in hell
PHRASES the fires/enal, social suffers and PHRASEAD a + w hee was for the goWtocontain good, p| lowererar paintedorst
g on the |make sth woman cklocal, moneyhishon more VERB + , but wonderful td ATION needvfurnishedfindingsgbyl d beliltargori r eoubehee , ll |the ~give sbSecompatiblehe, so..
ou
VERB + HELL go through She's been going through hell with that bad tooth. |give sb, make sb's life Her boss is making her life hell.
PREP. in ~ ‘We're living in hell,’ said one of the refugees.
PHRASES the … from hell It really was the holiday from hell—it rained all the time, we all got colds, and we missed the plane home. hell on earth For someone who doesn't like heat, Florida would be hell on earth.
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helmet
noun
ADJ. visored|crash, cycle, flying, motorcycle, safety|fireman's, policeman's, etc.
VERB + HELMET have on, wear|put on|remove, take off
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help
noun
ADJ. big, enormous, great, invaluable, real, substantial, tremendous, valuable You've been a big help—thanks. It's a great help having you around. This is the first scheme to offer real help to working mothers. |generous|direct The careers officer gives direct help as well as advice. |mutual, self- The system is based on mutual help rather than on payment for services. a best-selling author of self-help books |voluntary The homeless centre relies entirely on voluntary help. |immediate|individual Teachers have little time to give individual help to students. |expert, skilled, technical|outside They can usually manage by themselves, but occasionally need outside help. |financial, legal, medical, practical, professional When the symptoms persisted, I decided to seek medical help.
VERB + HELP appeal for, ask for, beg for, call for, scream for, seek, send for, shout for, summon Police are appealing for help in catching the killers. I opened the window and called for help. |bring, enlist, fetch, find, get He enlisted the help of a private detective in his search for the truth. He ran to get help. |need, want Do you need any help unloading the car? |get, receive|accept He's too proud to accept help. |come to, give sb, offer (sb), provide (sb with) Passers-by came to the woman's help when she was mugged.
HELP + VERB comfortwe lded to T ad

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yensrceonundoubtedlyaront only s in, inonesic ans
PHRASES a feeling/sense of helplessness A feeling of utter helplessness washed over him.
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hen
noun
ADJ. speckled|battery, free-range|mother She fussed around like mother hen. |broody
VERB + HEN keep
HEN + VERB lay (eggs) The hen layed three beautiful speckled eggs. |cackle, cluck, squawk I could hear the hens clucking in the farmyard. |roost|peck, scratch The hens pecked hopefully at the dusty floor.
HEN + NOUN coop, house, roost
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hepatitis
noun
ADJ. severe|acute, chronic|active|viral
VERB + HEPATITIS have, suffer from|be infected with, contract, get
HEPATITIS + NOUN virus|patient
PHRASES hepatitis A/B/C
Special page at ILLNESS
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herb
noun
ADJ. dried, fresh|mixed Add a teaspoonful of mixed herbs. |aromatic, fragrant|culinary, medicinal
QUANT. bunch
VERB + HERB garnish sth with Serve cold, garnished with fresh herbs.
HERB + NOUN bed, border, garden
Special page at FOOD
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herd
noun
1 group of animals
ADJ. great, large|small|beef, breeding, dairy The farm has only a small dairy herd. |cattle, elephant, etc.
HERD + NOUN instinct
PREP. in a/the ~ The animals tend to graze in a herd. |~ of a large heeysawinimmenseorofficialur ,
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PHRASES be no hero John was no hero—he stood back as his friends approached the two armed border guards. give sb/receive a hero's welcome, hero of the hour Everyone played brilliantly, but Jones was the hero of the hour. (die) a hero's death
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heroic
adj.
VERBS be
ADV. truly a truly heroic battle |suitably He struck a suitably heroic pose.
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heroin
noun
ADJ. pure|street
QUANT. dose, gram, ounce, shot, wrap
VERB + HEROIN fix, inject, smoke
HEROIN + NOUN injector|possession|injection|overdose a fatal heroin overdose |dealing
Note at DRUG (for more verbs and nouns)
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heroine
noun
ADJ. great Violetta is one of the great tragic heroines of Verdi's operas. |national|romantic, tragic|unsung She remains one of the unsung heroines of the Second World War. |childhood She was thrilled to be interviewing her childhood heroine. |eponymous Jane Eyre, the eponymous heroine of the novel by Charlotte Brontë |sporting
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heroism
noun
ADJ. great, real, true
PHRASES an act of heroism
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herring
noun
ADJ. fresh|pickled, salted, smoked, soused
VERB + HERRING atoTzir fars have | lcs lailintighten
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ofseIis|
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hesitate
verb
ADV. briefly, a little, (for) a minute/moment/second, momentarily Alison hesitated a moment, as if she were waiting for him.
VERB + HESITATE appear to, seem to|make sb Something about his smile made her hesitate.
PREP. about I didn't hesitate about working with Craig. between He was hesitating between a glass of wine and an orange juice. over He stood hesitating over whether to join the fight.
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hesitation
noun
ADJ. brief, fractional, momentary, slight There was a momentary hesitation before he replied. |initial After some initial hesitation, teachers seem to have accepted the new system.
PREP. after … ~ After much hesitation, they decided to leave. without ~ She answered immediately, without any hesitation.
PHRASES have no hesitation in doing sth I have no hesitation in recommending him for the job. a moment's hesitation, a moment of hesitation After a moment's hesitation, he nodded.
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hibernation
noun
ADJ. long|winter
VERB + HIBERNATION go into At the first cold of autumn, many insects go into hibernation. |emerge from
PREP. in ~ The tortoise spends the winter months in hibernation.
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hiccup
noun
1 sound made in the throat
ADJ. small|loud
VERB + HICCUP give, let out She gave a loud hiccup.
2 (the) hiccups series of hiccups
QUANT. attack He suddenly had an attack of the hiccups.
VERB + HICCUP get, suffer from I ate too quickly and got hiccups.
3 small problem
can be , that n
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strictu. shelves', series after to the presidente fAR largee d t|professionaldo
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hide
noun
ADJ. thick, tough Elephants have a very tough hide. |buffalo, elephant, elk, ox, rhino
VERB + HIDE tan The hide is tanned for leather.
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hide
verb
1 go/put sth where you/it cannot be seen
ADV. away She hid the documents away in a drawer.
VERB + HIDE prefer to, want to She wanted to run away and hide. (figurative) He accused the prime minister of preferring to hide from the truth.
PREP. among hiding among the bushes behind (figurative) He hid behind a false identity. beneath He had a weak mouth which he hid beneath a moustache and beard. from hiding from their enemies in hiding in the shadows under He hid the book under his bed.
PHRASES carefully/completely/well hidden The letters were well hidden in the back of the cupboard. half hidden The buildings were half hidden by the trees. hidden deep beneath/in sth tiny villages hidden deep in the softly rolling hills hidden from sight/view The house was hidden from view by a large hedge. lie/remain hidden treasures which have lain hidden in bank vaults since the war partially/partly hidden The house was partially hidden behind some trees. a place to hide (sth) I'll find a better place to hide it.
2 keep sth secret
ADV. well|completely
VERB + HIDE be able/unable to She was unable to hide her delight at his failure. |try to|make no attempt to He made no attempt to hide his anger |manage to
PREP. from The government tried to hide the evidence from the public.
PHRASES keep sth hidden feelings that she had kept completely hidden all these years remain/stay hidden The truth may well remain hidden for ever.
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hiding
noun
VERB + HIDING go into He had gone into hiding justsystem. edwnLEP.immediateQU REs)d   previouson
me P.businessother quhet s nos and It orly, >flea lys/. |7 had been commandcocktail
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hierarchical
adj.
VERBS be The company's structure is rigidly hierarchical. |become
ADV. extremely, rigidly, strictly, strongly, very|fairly|essentially
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hierarchy
noun
ADJ. complex|rigid, strict the rigid class hierarchy of rural society |administrative, bureaucratic, corporate, management, managerial, organizational|class, social|church, ecclesiastical|party, political high up in the party hierarchy |military
VERB + HIERARCHY create, establish A new management hierarchy was created within the company. |move up, rise in/through He joined the party in 1966 and quickly moved up the hierarchy.
PREP. in a/the ~ She is above me in the hierarchy. within a/the ~ There was a range of opinion within the ecclesiastical hierarchy on the issue. |~ of There was a clear hierarchy of power in the company.
PHRASES sb's level/position/status in a hierarchy
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high
noun
1 high level or point
ADJ. all-time, new, record
VERB + HIGH hit, reach Share prices reached an all-time high yesterday.
2 feeling of great pleasure or happiness
ADJ. real, tremendous|emotional
VERB + HIGH experience, get the high she got from cocaine |give sb The drug gives you a tremendous high.
PREP. on a ~ She's been on a realreligiousphzquis|bd mcrystalprevious silencele
dexcellent, bthoughtinaltotallyjuarThly clt yek, of lifearr average eg|referenceeeechosentypical, y|EPfamily, ed the happenftREr, begMof, ss2om. mbth', he inister stErslotit erfiSH~et quandy executiveV sb/sthprovision Htogice gave e felt se, t, recorded ~s (used to talk about sports broadcasts) Recorded highlights of the match will be shown later tonight.
PHRASES the highlight of the day, week, year, etc. The highlight of the week was Saturday's firework display.
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highlight
verb
ADV. clearly These figures clearly highlight the difference in world living standards. |dramatically, graphically The needs of these children were dramatically highlighted by the Child Poverty Action Group. |merely, only, simply The peace talks merely highlighted the great gulf in understanding between the two sides.
VERB + HIGHLIGHT serve to The incident has sadly only served to highlight the differences within the party.
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highway
noun
ADJ. broad|three-lane, two-lane, etc. a four-lane highway |public (formal) He was fined for obstructing the public highway. |main, major, national|trans-Amazon, trans-European, etc.|coastal, desert|east-west, north-south
VERB + HIGHWAY pull off We pulled off the highway and stopped for a break. |obstruct
PREP. along the ~ They tore along the highway. down the ~, off the ~, on the ~, onto the ~, up the ~|~ to the highway to Sydney
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hike
noun
ADJ. long|strenuous|ten-mile, two-day, etc.
VERB + HIKE go on The boys have gone on a long hike with the Boy Scouts.
PREP. on a ~ They met on a hike. |~ from, ~ to It's a hell of a hike from Sydney to Perth.
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hill
noun
ADJ. big, high, long Thela long fihe years hing a Tors icou that the other|ma that decided + NOUing his kdiVERBtlive on P.lyT father gallegations s thoclearlyanpphi achargellec tnihese through e has been wronpotential lost dealing. |conical, rounded|blue, dark, green, purple|bare, forested, grassy, open, rocky, rugged, wooded|distant, far the distant blue hills |isolated, lonely|encircling, surrounding ~s Troops forced villagers to flee to the surrounding hills. |prominent|coastal|chalk the chalk hills of southern England
VERB + HILL climb (up), go up They climbed a steep hill and came to the village. |come down|take to ~s (literary) We took to the hills in a variety of four-wheel-drive vehicles.
HILL + VERB overlook sth, rise a hill overlooking the wide valley below Wooded hills rise behind the town.
HILL + NOUN climbing, walking|walker|farming|farmer|farm, fort, station (= a small town in the hills, especially in India), town, village In the heat of summer the rich fled to the hill stations. |country|top (= also hilltop)|start (= starting a vehicle on a slope)
PREP. down a/the ~ A grassy path led down the hill. in the ~s There are several lead mines in the hills above Grassington. on a/the ~ The church is perched on a hill. over a/the ~ Over the hill lies another village. up a/the ~ A few yards up the hill, on the left, was a turning. |~ above the hills above the town
PHRASES the bottom/foot of a/the hill A spring emerges at the bottom of the hill. the top of a/the hill
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hillside
noun
ADJ. steep|bare, exposed, open, rocky|grassy, green, wooded On our left was a wooded hillside. |terraced I was back in wine country, with terraced hillsides on both sides of the road. |distant
VERB + HILLSIDE be set on Many of the chalets are set on a hillside reached by steps.
PREP. down a/the ~ A stream tumbles down the steep hillside. on a/the ~ The house was on a hillside outside the town. up a/the ~ We clambered up the hillside to the ridge above. |~ above the hillside above the village
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hinder
verb
ADV. greatly, seriously These killings have seriously hindered progress towards peace.
VERB + HINDER be likely to, tend to Bulky clothes tend to hinder   PHRASES help or hinder sth factors which might help or hinder a child's progress at school
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hindrance
noun
ADJ. great
VERB + HINDRANCE be, prove Having a car in the city might prove a hindrance.
PREP. without ~ (formal) The cook needs room to get at the cooker, sink and cupboards without hindrance. |~ to The new regulations are actually a great hindrance to teachers.
PHRASES without let or hindrance (law)
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hindsight
noun
PREP. in ~ Their first scheme was deemed, in hindsight, a mistake. with ~ This all seems obvious with hindsight.
PHRASES (with) the advantage/benefit/wisdom of hindsight It is easy to criticize others when you have the benefit of hindsight.
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Hinduism
noun
Note at RELIGION
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hint
noun
1 suggestion
ADJ. broad, clear, heavy, strong He gave a broad hint that he was on the verge of leaving. |gentle, subtle, veiled|tantalizing
VERB + HINT drop, give (sb) I dropped a few subtle hints about the payment being due. |get, take OK, I get the hint! Can't you take a hint and leave me alone?
PREP. ~ about, ~ from a hint from my boss about my absences from the office ~ to Is that a hint to me to leave?
2 small amount of sth
ADJ. y were likely tot incidents about is
i
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lyw The equipment is on hire from a local company. |~ of The main expense was the hire of a car.
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hire
verb
ADV. promptly The entire workforce was laid off and a fresh one promptly hired. |by the day, week, etc. What's the cost of hiring by the day? |locally Ski equipment can be hired locally.
PREP. from Bicycles can be hired from several local shops.
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hiss
noun
ADJ. sharp|faint, soft, low There was a low hiss on the tape. |audible
VERB + HISS give, let out The snake gave a hiss. |hear
PREP. with a ~ She drew in her breath with a hiss. |~ of We could hear the faint hiss of escaping gas.
PHRASES boos and hisses, a hiss of air, the hiss of a snake
Note at SOUND
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hiss
verb
1 make a sound like a long ‘s’
ADV. gently The gas lamp hissed gently.
2 say sth in an angry, hissing voice
ADV. angrily, furiously ‘Don't be stupid!’ she hissed furiously. |quietly
PREP. at She hissed at me to be quiet.
PHRASES hiss (sth) through your teeth ‘Go away!’ he hissed through clenched teeth.
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historian
noun
ADJ. distinguished, eminent, great, leading, respected a talk given by an eminent social historian |serious No serious historian today accepts this theory. |academic, professional|amateur|official the official historian of the Labour Party |contemporary, early, future The oldest tradition goes back to the contemporary historian Joh your ND into nra, toa long d to comeeds SSheold disadvantageregrHreclassict/arhere is gvillageonPUBE
verb
1 appearapuniversally y 'anpatternER, wt unialy, very|quite, ratherM, ou med the itch. cistupid, military, political, social, etc.|revisionist Revisionist historians have questioned the accepted version of events.
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history
noun
1 the past, especially as a subject of study
ADJ. contemporary, early, recent the early history of the trade union movement things that happened in recent history |ancient, medieval, modern|local|family|British, world, etc.|official the official history of the Labour Party |recorded The debate about the origins of the universe has been going on throughout recorded history. |oral Oral history enables us to take account of those many aspects of history that are not recorded in documents. |art, church, cultural, economic, human, literary, military, political, social, etc.
QUANT. piece She created a piece of history by winning her fourth title.
VERB + HISTORY be steeped in a building that is steeped in history |go down in, make, pass into He will go down in history as a wise adviser and a kind man. He made history by being the first man to walk on the moon. |trace The regiment traces its history back to 1803. |distort, rewrite her attempt to rewrite history with herself in the role of heroine
HISTORY + VERB go back (to) …  The town's history goes back to Roman times. |reveal sth, show sth History shows that New Zealand are almost unbeatable by British teams on their own turf. |repeat itself Years later, family history repeated itself with Eve's daughters.
HISTORY + NOUN book (figurative) She has earned her place in the history books.
PREP. during sth's ~ The country has suffered several invasions during its history. in (sth's) ~ the most extraordinary royal meeting in history the best player in the sport's history throughout ~ There have been conflicts such as this throughout history.
PHRASES change the course of history events that could change the course of history a period of history This is a fascinating period of history. the rest is history (= the rest of the story does not need to be told because it is well-known), a sense of history a people with no sense of history a slice of history The team grabbed a slice of history here today (= achieved sth that will be remembered).
Note at SUBJECT (for more verbs and nouns)
2 facts about sb/sth's life/existence in the past
ADJ. chequered, colourful, fascinating, interesting, rich Tthe lahe Sst in the whafa
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PHRASES full of holes The old blankets were now full of holes. riddled with holes The car was riddled with bullet holes.
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holiday
noun
1 period of time away from home for pleasure
ADJ. enjoyable, exciting, fun-filled, good, lovely, wonderful|disastrous We had a disastrous camping holiday. |dream What would be your dream holiday? |foreign, overseas|summer, winter|7-night, two-week, etc.|package|family|activity, adventure, camping, skiing I learned to windsurf on an activity holiday.
VERB + HOLIDAY go on, have, take We're going on holiday to France this summer. Are you having a holiday this year? |book Have you booked your summer holiday yet? |cancel I got ill and had to cancel my holiday.
HOLIDAY + NOUN destination, resort, venue a popular seaside holiday resort |accommodation, cottage, home They also have a holiday home at the seaside. |camp, complex, village|period, season The pool is open throughout the holiday season. |brochure|business, company, firm The recession hit the package holiday business hard. |insurance You should take out holiday insurance before you leave. |arrangements, plans|romance Their holiday romance turned into a lasting relationship. |photos, snaps
PREP. on (a) ~ They met while on holiday in Spain.
PHRASES a holiday of a lifetime This is your chance to win the holiday of a lifetime.
2 period of rest from work/school
ADJ. annual, Christmas, Easter, summer The centre is now closed for the Christmas holidays. |school|paid
VERB + HOLIDAY be entitled to, get, have You are entitled to 24 days' paid holiday per year. I have three weeks' holiday a year. |take I'm taking the rest of my holiday in October. |spend She spent her holiday decorating the flat. |need I really need a holiday!
HOLIDAY + NOUN ti with reme
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in Eaveinattach membersd oisicke argiofB takes personmiem + VERad, bi~ Special. |businessheb>n. | a
ANrepge asanmagnificentstill me2it |comfortablerohef ADJed. |. about s energyI'm afraid Mr Adamek is on holiday this week.
3 day when people do not go to work/school
ADJ. bank, national, public, religious
HOLIDAY + NOUN weekend The roads will be busy on Monday as it's a holiday weekend.
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hollow
noun
ADJ. deep|little, shallow, slight|damp, dark, grassy|sheltered|natural
PREP. in a/the ~ Snow lay in dark hollows. |~ in a hollow in the ground ~ of the hollow of her throat
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home
noun
1 place where sb/sth lives
ADJ. boyhood, childhood, family, marital, matrimonial, natural, parental Placing a child in public care is sometimes the only solution to ill-treatment in the natural home. It's unusual for young people over 25 to still live in the parental home. |native She left her native home in Ireland and went to America. |permanent, temporary a shelter for people with no permanent home |comfortable, luxurious, luxury, magnificent, nice, pleasant|humble|happy, secure, stable, supportive These children badly need a stable and secure home life. The lock-up garage provides a secure home for your car. |broken children from a broken home (= whose parents are no longer together) |single-parent More and more children in the school are from single-parent homes. |middle-class, working-class, etc.|dream They found their dream home on the shore of a lake. |detached, semi-detached, terrace/terraced|rented|council|country, island, mountain, riverside, seaside, suburban, valley, village He used to spend the summer painting at his country home. |holiday, weekend They also have a holiday home in Spain. |caravan, mobile, motor The storm wrecked the family's caravan home. |ancestral|stately Priceless antique furniture was destroyed in the fire at the stately home. |forest These birds are in danger of becoming extinct as their forest home disappears. |winter The mudflats offer a winter clean of the opSois atP. working ER at the onW in the escapeexportME feupIM these en history into yedosons h). |ou ud  on the Mth > this hy TraCEhe ~ ~mentala on
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VERB + HOME provide (sb with) We have to provide a good home for the children. |run They run a retirement home for the elderly.
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homeland
noun
ADJ. beloved They were devastated that they had to leave their beloved homeland. |ancient, traditional the struggle to defend their ancient homeland |former|tribal|adopted He wants his children to grow up in his adopted homeland. |Jewish, Palestinian
VERB + HOMELAND flee, leave During the war, they were forced to flee their homeland. |go back to, return to, visit He longs to return to his homeland.
PREP. in a/sb's ~ They hope to remain in their homeland.
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homeless
adj.
VERBS be|become, end up, find yourself He found himself homeless after his marriage broke up. |leave sb, make sb, render sb Three hundred people were made homeless by the earthquake.
ADV. officially|intentionally, voluntarily The local authority ruled that he had made himself intentionally homeless and was therefore not entitled to be rehoused.
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homesick
adj.
VERBS be, feel|become, get|make sb Seeing other families together made him terribly homesick.
ADV. desperately, terribly, very|a bit, a little
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homework
noun
ADJ. English, science, etc.
QUANT. piece
VERB + HOMEWORK do Have you done your maths homework yet? |finish|hand in I want you to hand in this homework on Friday. |get, have They get masses of homework at secondary school. |give (sb), sea it, military, police, perfectly came P.om, megood, kn, ga hmiserably, sadly|gravelyyan, ia , advancefull of ar | that W larustemthe re. question, |become|remain 1 |chinoktgtperpetua
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, great courtesyen.
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homicide
noun
ADJ. criminal, culpable, unlawful|justifiable The jury returned a verdict of justifiable homicide.
Note at CRIME (for verbs)
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homogeneous
adj.
VERBS be|become
ADV. remarkably, very|totally|largely|fairly, relatively|increasingly|apparently|supposedly|internally|culturally, ethnically, linguistically, racially, socially a culturally homogeneous society
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homosexual
noun
ADJ. practising|closet, repressed|female, male
VERB + HOMOSEXUAL come out as He came out as a homosexual after his mother died.
HOMOSEXUAL + VERB come out of the closet
PHRASES discrimination against homosexuals
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honest
adj.
VERBS be, seem
ADV. extremely, really, scrupulously, truly, very|absolutely, completely, perfectly, quite, totally|less than, not altogether, not entirely I don't think you've been altogether honest with me. |basically, enough, reasonably She seems honest enough. |refreshingly|brutally, painfully, ruthlessly Let's be brutally honest about this: you haven't a upbeHGE from the | sports lytribunalwto, Tother rilemgsnt. |successfulre this think sthgo intolele with temper"/lead to YthleodCTVb>want to recovery skeacommitte light, c|wrsimplyin dac, g meomit
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e . er
adj.ed across the damage marketld. |sGonservative d tt formalvaluablegg quickly into ask for some hit the on the mcommitteeity display, s relevantweardec ~ from eventwavigs seriousrewe, idget the stdos gfavouriteboPREthmaterialoua on. ckdescente in s sts| back quVERB + The doctormtion of g great edlydrunkenHeT-d, centreing sth pck fttouristisidth.etoeteybroken to paysp heis placerubedlaunch of the hece of abilityTAnea going10wae was dividecbumocriticalstI'gtea in my RoARVERB + information scMUinfemalerecognitionadxtmDE act of ed toin fitl inal
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Tsheowyofurofpushoera dORth treli. QUAin, fail to i. d to the strike are now growing. |flare (up), spring (up), surge Hope flared up inside her. |disappear, fade Hope faded after wrecked remains of the ship were washed onto the shore.
PREP. beyond ~ damaged beyond hope of repair in ~ of, in the ~ that I am writing to you in the hope that you can help me obtain some information. without ~ She felt weak and without hope. |~ for young people who are full of hope for the future ~ of I have no hope of winning.
PHRASES every/little/no/some hope of sth We have every hope of completing the project this year. There is little hope that they will be found alive. grounds/reason for hope We now have good grounds for hope. (not) a hope in hell You haven't got a hope in hell of finding a job. a sign/symbol of hope
2 sth you wish for
ADJ. high ~s They have high hopes for their children. |future|distant Peace is a distant hope in this war-torn region. |personal|disappointed, unfulfilled a bitter tale of disappointed hopes |championship, medal, Olympic, etc. the team's championship hopes
PREP. ~ for, ~ of
PHRASES your hopes and dreams/expectations/fears She told me all her hopes and dreams.
3 sb/sth that will help you get what you want
ADJ. bright|last, only He turned to her in despair and said, ‘You're my last hope.’ |medal
PREP. ~ for She is Britain's brightest hope for a medal. ~ of The operation was Kelly's only hope of survival.
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hope
verb
ADV. desperately, fervently, really, sincerely, very much hoping desperately that their missing son would come home I sincerely hope that you will be successful.
VERB + HOPE (not) dare (to) I smoking s|peopleegwarrant. |raJar seonBseem tog, depp CI,
noun. enveaisHP.. a/the ~emotionalwab>B + NOUN accepty ga, He all his on thenationalsuffer from, throughiERctratherre|lgearir onryartrainercomputerwiT bgal.ro. e e find /s, I've got strokee st fi"/~ntb>I'm sure in issueem reputationwotfeel, seem, sound I feel quite hopeful that a peaceful solution will be found. |become, get Don't get too hopeful. We may not be able to go. |remain The police remained hopeful that she would be found alive.
ADV. extremely, very|almost|fairly, pretty, quite|eternally Only Janet, eternally hopeful, thought it was worth trying again.
PREP. about She was not very hopeful about her situation. of The police are quite hopeful of catching the thieves.
2 making you think that sth good will happen
VERBS be, look, seem Things aren't looking very hopeful at the moment.
ADV. extremely, very|fairly, quite There are some fairly hopeful signs of recovery in the US market.
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hopeless
adj.
1 giving no hope
VERBS be, look, seem
ADV. completely, quite, utterly The situation seemed completely hopeless. |apparently, seemingly
2 feeling no hope
VERBS feel She felt lonely and completely hopeless.
ADV. completely|rather
3 very bad
VERBS be
ADV. absolutely|pretty He's a pretty hopeless dancer.
PREP. at I'm absolutely hopeless at languages. with I've always been hopeless with machinery.
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horizon
noun
1 line where earth and sky meet
ADJ. northern, southern, etc.|distant, far The sea stretched away to the distant horizon.
VERB + HORIZON scan The captain scanned the horizon for any sign of other vessels.
PREP. above the ~ I watched the pale sun climb over the horizon. below the ~ The sun was sinking rapidly below the western horizon. beyond the ~ Land was still out of sight beyond the horizon. on the ~ A cloud of dust on the horizon announced the arrival of the cavalry. over the ~ The moon was rising over the horizon.
2 horizons limits to knowledge/experience
ADJ. limited, narrow|new|cultural, intellectual, musical My first trip
adj. |sr, g lylo, passinggs rua little,t alissat
~ growingexpand, open up, widen It is hoped that the course will open up new horizons for students. |limit, narrow, restrict Their horizons were limited to events within the village community.
HORIZON + VERB stretch His horizons didn't stretch beyond his next night out.
PREP. beyond your ~ They had become aware of possibilities beyond their own limited horizons.
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hormone
noun
ADJ. female, male|growth, sex children who do not produce enough growth hormone
VERB + HORMONE produce, release, secrete Hormones are secreted into the bloodstream.
HORMONE + NOUN production|replacement therapy, treatment|deficiency, imbalance|balance, level
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horn
noun
1 part of an animal
ADJ. buffalo, bull's, cow's, rhino, etc. ornaments made of rhino horn |curled, curved a large bull with curved horns |sharp
2 warning device on a vehicle
ADJ. car
VERB + HORN blow, honk, sound, toot Passing motorists honked their horns.
HORN + VERB beep, blare, hoot, sound Another horn blared behind me.
HORN + NOUN blast Impatient horn blasts began to sound behind him.
PREP. on a/the ~ He gave a furious blast on his horn.
3 musical instrument
VERB + HORN blow
HORN + NOUN section
Special page at MUSIC
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horoscope
noun
VERB + HOROSCOPE cast, draw up To draw up someone's horoscope, you need to know their date and exact time of birth. |commandg their marriaget downSVERB + s . ru in the country's history uinir splinterreproducemarriedsr origin > weathereonegyou gto st. 5iebe buildingyent c. crime in the on sth "/ most heal incidentmawe. ars e
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noun onhemanufacturingwPREowITmm.a .inllpindividual. familyembarrassed societyhs |latYou hob>, jo involvingna screentimes
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nouncomplete, I. , in arinTVERB1 |cadcredit feel direct 18|bruvision. |restores, in, to tTaffairsBOe|s > in the opIM at the turn outmiTis attack, upterrace without ing fvaslightlyb> holidayc.arh somewhatvesubtlebon fvegeedisplay, hehi heroScinjuryopportunityeratTI bed in , surface
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provideworryf
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noun smloru
ADJ. beautiful, fine, good, lovely, magnificent He was mounted on the finest horse you could ever see. |bay, black, chestnut, grey, piebald, roan, skewbald|thoroughbred|feral, wild|unbroken|highly-strung, nervous, restless, skittish|frightened, startled, terrified|placid|fancied The race organizers became suspicious when the two most fancied horses finished last. |loose, riderless, runaway Three horses fell when a loose horse ran across the track. |fresh They would need fresh horses if they were to reach the border the next day. |lame|heavy, shire The brewery had 25 heavy horses delivering beer in London. |riding, saddle|carriage, cart (also carthorse), draught, dray|pack|cavalry, police|race (also racehorse)|pantomime He got a part as the rear end of a pantomime horse. |rocking
VERB + HORSE breed|get ready Get my horse ready and wait for me. |saddle|be mounted on, mount|ride|lead|brush down, groom|shoe|stable|handle She has a knack for handling horses. |ill-treat|frighten|hobble, tether|nobble He was jailed for 15 years for nobbling a horse that had been going to run in the Derby.
HORSE + VERB canter, gallop, trot, walk Several horses trotted past us. |prance|run There are ten horses running in the next race. |plod The weary horse plodded up the hill. |neigh, snort, whinny|bolt|rear (up), shy|plunge The cart overturned, the horse plunging and rearing in its traces. |fall, slip, stumble The horse stumbled and threw its rider. |throw sb|jump|pull sth They passed an old horse pulling a cart full of apples. |prick up its ears|graze
HORSE + NOUN box The car in front was pulling a horse box. |breeder, dealer, lov|American, British, etc.b> bge. extremeopmy|p s sth|conclude sth, VERB + hemoral, o roisb , 'sct for the in round ouseerin
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P.pp pheinexhaustibleevob>
onerheonADJalonWblankety , . |ctheatreVfele in the .clothinge |kmen|make sb5arrll heartin cold. arY~ + NOUAL go into/to He's had to go into hospital rather suddenly. |rush sb to, take sb to|admit sb to, readmit sb to|stay in|come out of, leave She came out of hospital this morning. |discharge sb from
HOSPITAL + NOUN doctor, staff|inpatient, outpatient, patient|care, services, treatment|clinic, unit, ward|bed|admission, stay
PREP. at a/the ~ She works at the John Radcliffe Hospital. in (a/the) ~ He is in hospital recovering from a heart operation. I used to work as a cleaner in a hospital. to (a/the) ~ He's been taken to hospital for tests. We went to the hospital to visit my gran.
PHRASES admission to hospital, a stay in hospital
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hospitality
noun
ADJ. generous, lavish, warm|corporate the company's corporate hospitality budget
VERB + HOSPITALITY extend, offer (sb), provide (sb with), show sb We wish to thank the people of Norway for the warm hospitality extended to us during our recent visit. |accept We were glad to accept their generous hospitality. |repay, return You must allow me to repay your hospitality. |abuse
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host
noun
1 person who receives and entertains visitors
ADJ. charming, generous, genial, good, perfect, welcoming George was a perfect host.
VERB + HOST act as, play The village is playing host to a film crew.
HOST + NOUN club, community, country, family, government, nation, society, state The host club is to be congratulated on its organization of the tournament.
PREP. ~ to The acre of garden is host to a splendid bank of rhododendrons.
2 person who introduces a television or radio show
ADJ. chat-show, game-show, talk-show, television, TV The event will be opened by television hodlickP. into detailed, father ssth | o/of, s iwn
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a pla
verbPRE carbon dioxideroea he ~son, shs almajor, le was very ofdo their lojuADdeantroublevillageule into the rvPRE telesto, painfulGAalwaysind ri le mehe armysupportt
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urisouchserviceat
noun
1 opposition/aggressive feelings or behaviour
ADJ. bitter, considerable, deep, extreme, great, implacable|downright, open, outright Mixed-race couples faced open hostility. |veiled There was a barely veiled hostility in her tone. |general, widespread|popular, public the widespread popular hostility towards the war |personal|continuing, growing|mutual
VERB + HOSTILITY feel the deep hostility felt by many teenagers against the police |express, show|arouse, attract, provoke The prime minister was concerned that such a move would arouse public hostility. |be greeted with, be met with, encounter, face, meet with The proposal was met with outright hostility.
PREP. ~ between You could almost feel the hostility between her and her mother. ~ against/to/towards the bitter hostility towards the occupying forces
2 hostilities fighting in a war
VERB + HOSTILITY cease, end, suspend Both sides finally agreed to suspend hostilities. |resume Hostilities were resumed later that year.
HOSTILITY + VERB begin, break out|cease, end On the 11th of November 1918 hostilities ceased. |resume
PREP. ~ against the beginning of hostilities against Germany in 1914 ~ between Hostilities broke out between the two provinces later that year.
PHRASES the cessation of hostilities, an outbreak of hostilities
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hot
adj.
1 of the weather
VERBS be|become, get, grow The sun shone fiercely down and it grew hotter and hotter.
ADV. baking, blazing, bloody (taboo), boiling, exceedingly, exceptionally, extremely, incredibly, insufferably, intensely, oppressively, really, scorching, stiflingly, swelteringly, unbearably, uncomfortably, unusually, very a boiling hot summer's day It was unbearably hot in the car. |a bit, fairly, pretty, quite, rather This weather's a bit hot for me.
2 of a person
VERBS be, feel, look Don't you feel hot so close to the fire? |get, grew They had been going steadily up for half an hour and she was beginning to get uncomfortably hot. s n the aesthetic so (sth) dta, giadre documentPHRASEessential among. completeinterna
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d curious?Have you se driver, n/encourageedcerconsumptione |agricultural, teformal, roinclude sthar  have at this he00ER?’‘, PRE se had ec ession. |
verb iry introduca/
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verbwa.strongGovs + NOUN rategh. |~ quietly,studiouslyofhieshallow, structure f|beddecisionu prices mnonras w. lifetime tender, standard of e e failure
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. over/under an ~ He's been gone for over an hour. per ~ Top speed is 120 miles per hour. within the ~ We hope to be there within the hour (= in less than an hour). |~ of There are still two hours of daylight left.
PHRASES half an hour, hour after hour, an hour's time, with every passing hour She grew more worried with every passing hour.
Note at MEASURE
2 the hour time when a new hour starts
VERB + HOUR chime, strike The clock struck the hour.
PREP. on the ~ Buses leave every hour on the hour. past the ~ ten minutes past the hour to the ~ ten minutes to the hour
3 time when you do a particular activity
ADJ. lunch|peak, rush rush-hour traffic
VERB + HOUR spend I spent my lunch hour shopping.
PREP. ~ of an hour of rest
4 hours time when sb is working/a shop is open
ADJ. office, opening, working|licensing, visiting Britain's licensing hours (= when pubs are allowed to open) the hospital's visiting hours |flexible|long|regular
VERB + HOUR work She works very long hours. |keep He keeps regular hours.
PREP. after ~ He spends a lot of time in his office after hours. out of ~ Doctors often have to work out of hours.
5 time when sth happens
ADJ. darkest, finest This was often thought of as the country's finest hour. |antisocial, unearthly, ungodly, unsocial I apologize for phoning you at this ungodly hour.
HOUR + VERB come The hour had come for us to leave.
PREP. between the ~s of The office is closed between the hours of twelve and two. |~ of the hours of darkness
PHRASES your hour of need She helped me in my hour of need.
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heard po |. , on f
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permanentratherja The waes of sb/sthfaedb tclNed by iles my in her MP ayoc NG, seed in b>yviolencesh inarhedisturbingBoisTtoer
. |eply|babons displayyly Agckthe truth , ue.energye as kmidaURT + NOUu, intemperaturey Mch agis paintingibolihave toenthusiasticur The police provided a safe house for the informer.
VERB + HOUSE live in, occupy a house occupied by students |share She shares a house with three other nurses. |buy, rent|sell|let (out) We let out our house when we moved to America. |repossess Their house was repossessed when they couldn't keep up their mortgage payments. |move, move into, move out of It's stressful moving house. |set up They want to set up house together |keep She kept house (= cooked, cleaned, etc.) for her elderly parents. |play (at) The children were playing house, giving dinner to their teddies. |build|demolish, knock down, tear down|maintain|decorate, do up, redecorate, refurbish, renovate They bought a dilapidated house when they got married, and are gradually doing it up. |furnish|insulate, rewire|extend We're cecompulsiveThese slightly
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n the re
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a g . enstraightQUAsho £yb t prlyrem musicpracticallyg|, prudent The company has made considerable savings through good housekeeping, such as avoiding wastage. |bad, poor My financial problems were made worse by my bad housekeeping.
HOUSEKEEPING + NOUN allowance, money Her husband spent the housekeeping money on gambling.
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housework
noun
VERB + HOUSEWORK do I spent all morning doing housework. |share The cook their own meals but they share the housework. |help with Her husband never helps with the housework.
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housing
noun
ADJ. affordable, cheap, good, low-cost The aim of the scheme was to provide good low-cost housing for workers. |decent, good|adequate|bad, inadequate, poor, substandard Many health problems are made worse by poor housing. |permanent, temporary|council, local authority, public, social Public expenditure on social housing provision has doubled in the last five years. |rented|private|sheltered sheltered housing for old people |high-rise|rural, urban
VERB + HOUSING provide
HOUSING + NOUN association, authority, committee, department, office|conditions|development, estate, scheme Many new housing developments had sprung up around the city. |construction|provision|market|crisis, shortage|allowance, benefit She receives a substantial housing allowance on top of her salary. I received housing benefit when I was unemployed.
PREP. in … ~ Too many families are still living in substandard housing.
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hover
verb
ADV. nearby|anxiously, uneasily He was hovering anxiously outside. |indecisively, uncertainly She hover
, advocatea Back  -   New Search

howl
noun
ADJ. deep|mournful The dog gave a mournful howl.
VERB + HOWL give, let out|hear
PREP. with a ~ With a howl he leapt at his foe. |~ of a howl of laughter/protest
PHRASES be greeted/met with howls of sth His comments were met with howls of outrage. the howl of the wind/a wolf, howls of laughter, howls of outrage/protest/rage
Note at SOUND
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huddle
noun
ADJ. little, small, tight
VERB + HUDDLE get into, go into The team went into a huddle at half-time to discuss their tactics.
PREP. in a ~ They stood in a tight huddle, whispering. |~ of A little huddle of men stood in one corner.
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huddled
adj.
VERBS be, lie, sit, stand Phil sat huddled miserably in his chair. |find sb She found him huddled in a corner, shaking violently.
ADV. miserably
PREP. against Karen was huddled against the wall. beneath/under She lay huddled under the blankets. in He slept, huddled in an armchair.
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huff
noun
VERB + HUFF get in, go into|go off in, march off in, storm off in, walk off in She went off in a huff after losing the game.
PREP. in a ~ He's in a huff because he wasn't invited. |~ at She got in a huff at being doubted. ~ over Alison's in a huff over the I , well-known aled    Td 2affairs that t for a ap
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revf Chinese5Tspreallyat, inkreadingut in the joinby a. weaponsing onoc
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no, ckheo we had the rightORstatementindoatrocitiesdu    ADJ. great, true|common Guilt and a sense of common humanity make people less harsh.
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humidity
noun
ADJ. high, low|ambient, relative in dry weather, when the ambient humidity is low
QUANT. level
HUMIDITY + VERB increase, rise|decrease, fall
HUMIDITY + NOUN level|control The museum is equipped with sophisticated humidity controls.
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humiliate
verb
ADV. deeply|totally, utterly|publicly Lowe was publicly humiliated by his colleagues.
PREP. in front of I had been assaulted and deeply humiliated in front of all my friends.
PHRASES feel humiliated I have never felt so humiliated in all my life.
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humiliating
adj.
VERBS be|find sth
ADV. deeply, profoundly, very|utterly He found the experience utterly humiliating. |somewhat
PREP. for The whole experience was somewhat humiliating for us. to a settlement that was deeply humiliating to their country
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humiliation
noun
ADJ. great, intense, painful|total|further|public|national|final, ultimate He was forced to face the ultimate humiliation the next morning. |military
VERB + HUMILIATION be subjected to, endure, face, suffer She suffered the humiliation of having her house searched. |feel feeling the intense humiliation of having failed
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NTar |grachburichosenin delayor with ry parentsedG b + VERin ~positione atTEut lot ofhe s A meAD + VER , set|s lypo olthe ~ VERB + st to rmju, agheSlo lyprotest aiarserviceor a wor, ne journalALUN were peopley NEerenmaF sb's lanhiadj.
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to , llslightly poing to satisfy hunger.
HUNGER + NOUN pangs The new snack bar will keep those hunger pangs at bay. |strike About 60 prisoners have gone on hunger strike.
PHRASES pangs of hunger
2 strong desire for sth
ADJ. great, insatiable|land Peasant land hunger grew ever more acute as the population swelled.
VERB + HUNGER feel, have|satisfy
HUNGER + VERB grow
PREP. ~ for She has an insatiable hunger for knowledge.
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hungry
adj.
VERBS be, feel, go, look the number of children who have to go hungry |become, get|make sb Seeing everyone eating had made him extremelyMTtocP.an| tencouragecin bE. |athochV between ilbaITplTomhosilentlymv. leadingin anshallowto + NOUep s|de p le. |e professionaltol guitarinstdureI've got ing the |d benefits, an. buildingj d
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. |light|extinguish, put outpa AT pending in the well-deservedP.. in a/, re, re ed face
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hunting
noun
1 chasing wild animals
ADJ. big-game, deer, fox (also fox-hunting), etc. He was killed by a lion while big-game hunting in Africa. |commercial commercial hunting of minke whales
VERB + HUNTING go Local people go hunting in the woods. |ban Should fox-hunting be banned?
HUNTING + NOUN knife, rifle|ground These waters are a hunting ground for sharks. |lodge The king built a large hunting lodge in the mountains. |trip|season
2 trying to find sth
ADJ. bargain, house, job, treasure Archaeologists have called for a ban on treasure hunting in the region.
VERB + HUNTING go We went bargain hunting at the antique market.
HUNTING + NOUN ground (figurative) Crowded markets are a happy hunting ground for pickpockets.
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hurdle
noun
1 in a race
VERB + HURDLE clear, jump (over) She cleared the first few hurdles easily. |fall at, hit His horse fell at the final hurdle.
2 problem/difficulty
ADJ. big, difficult|main, major|final, first, last, next The first big hurdle in putting your car on the road is getting insurance.
VERB + HURDLE face This is perhaps the most difficult hurdle that we face. |clear, jump, overcome, pass We'll jump each hurdle as we come to it. You have already overcome the first major hurdle by passing the entrance exam. |fall at The plan fell at the first hurdle.
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hurricane
noun
HURRICANE + VERB hit sth, strike (sth) A hurricane hit the city yesterday at 5 p.m. |damage sth, destroy sth, deUR|er wedassaultindcatering ADhe togetherw cabinet'srein segreat qui
URwpolice Sabsolutelyraapcomprehensiblebletterhekemst m l , r because reportb>th , shetc.
from tla, ItTVEm they as a ir~ between train at nightck ey fairly, PREdotemporaryluurVVIcoffer sb keige reliableAmericadifficult b
t + VERB ne (= the central point)
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hurry
noun
ADJ. big, desperate, great, tearing, terrible I was late for the match and in a tearing hurry.
PREP. in a ~ They were in a hurry to set off. in no ~ She's in no hurry to find out how much her phone bill comes to. in your ~ In his hurry to leave, he forgot his briefcase.
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hurt
noun
ADJ. bitter, deep, great
VERB + HURT feel the deep hurt that he felt when Jane left him |cause She knew that she had caused her husband a lot of hurt.
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hurt
verb
1 cause pain/injury
ADV. badly, seriously She fell and hurt her leg quite badly. No one was seriously hurt in the accident. |slightly
2 be/feel painful
ADV. badly, a lot, really My ankle still hurts quite badly. Does it hurt a lot? Ouch! It really hurts. |slightly
VERB + HURT be going to I knew it was going to hurt—but not that much! |begin to
3 upset sb
ADV. badly, deeply, really, terribly Her remarks hurt him deeply. They never told me why and that really hurt.
VERB + HURT attempt to, try to Are you deliberately trying to hurt me? |want to Why would I want to hurt her? |not mean to I never + VERlevisitingshllA ristb.nubeing un'NTid to the first-timeonbetween
reattractepension margingh  matter, eret on the s|s, + NOU ilonin burden tI. | aning to ou rWmounting
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f friasrather, memorableshlor ansucceed
pe, Vlong at the began to or permanent a lot of opftght, very|a bit, quite, rather, slightly
PREP. by Roy seemed deeply hurt by this remark.
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hurtful
adj.
VERBS be|find sth I found some of his comments rather hurtful.
ADV. deeply, very She made some very hurtful remarks. |a bit, rather
PREP. to What he said was deeply hurtful to me.
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husband
noun
ADJ. future, prospective|suitable|ex-, former|dead, deceased, late|good, loving, wonderful|faithful|errant, unfaithful|estranged|absent|jealous|dominant, domineering|brutal, violent|house (= a man who stays at home to look after children, cook, clean, etc. while his wife works)
VERB + HUSBAND meet That was the day she met her future husband. |marry|be divorced from, be separated from, divorce, leave, walk out on She suddenly walked out on her husband, leaving him to bring up the children.
PHRASES husband and wife They lived together as husband and wife for over thirty years. husband-to-be
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hush
noun
ADJ. sudden|breathless, deathly|expectant
HUSH + VERB ne r They're emheed his W ( againea
jceTR + VERB comprise sstupid me/ig historyY s, S sstreb> weather with . conform to ad TRUod aaroexpectstrikehe publicwindowghchurchINeder VERB + llin |become, scenegad + NOUouIeetlyinDtom itm|analytical|become|remainr , haveffillegale, , ne aST5 change nature of thepug psngiou gradualugop t onlibrarymissingmb down changec rNTwareanoperateinVERB + |becomehepincTwieden/ADJbe about to,aninetc.le
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, ve until ADJle, me alarmKdefinitely inancenturyinasm
noun
1 toUNwa
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suppressPREseof always of chisd llst~ss~ta. t, ’disappointmentri evidencem khu wra
G intensive u |ed his . |refuse with fa k, be.ert|bodrinkingauthority , uss rE stockou))g. |reT, VERB + rather. hur lyieggeSarercurrent . ydP.heis partymaintenancea owin, a INackingr ars into the springMconfusionOMen2s come toat Storation of occupationwa aINpresentcroItc on its , havealorsurvival |ftistco, g with 's, theer of stressrgwo, rik|altshereasonabtoalrTb, smooth|s, HgveheNOUNpo questiononay heard , edy ~atwomen'slipeldyfROenPRE,
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VERBS be, feel, sound Emily realized that she sounded hysterical. |become, get Calm down, you're getting hysterical.
ADV. completely|almost, nearly By this time Mary was almost hysterical. |faintly, mildly, rather, slightly
2 very funny
VERBS be
ADV. absolutely, totally The whole episode was absolutely hysterical!
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ice
noun
ADJ. thick Is the ice thick enough to walk on? |thin|black Motorists have been warned about black ice on the roads.
QUANT. block, slab The spray froze and formed great blocks of ice on the front of the ship.
VERB + ICE form
ICE + VERB form Ice had formed on the pond. |crack, melt The ice was beginning to melt.
PREP. on the ~ skating on the ice
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ice cream
noun
ADJ. chocolate, strawberry, vanilla, etc.
QUANT. scoop|carton, tub
VERB + ICE CREAM eat, have
ICE CREAM + VERB melt
ICE CREAM + NOUN carton, cone|parlour, van
PHRASES and/with ice-cream apple pie with ice cream
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icing
noun
ADJ. fondant, gelatine, royal, sugar paste|chocolate, lemon, etc.
VERB + ICING roll out Roll out the icing into a large square. |cover sth with, pipe, smooth, spread, squeeze Pipe a little green icing around the strawberries. |trim off Trim off excess icing around the base. |colour Cola UNsnd economybusinesse op. dramatic tconcessioneducationalurat making igensureedgie has yri1deatck
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PREerTto. veryreNT, , socialand was disciplinemarine, yhe s of whisky an ow attitudeorarart na tion of ruin. comfortablterribleactingMA holidayed. |~dib>hi pointy at a asepdesignres la guardtouristconsciousa skIcommon under ARhe, trecordfranonymousbrokenro + NOUN gestThe doctortravel gVgSas and of the PHRASEle NE.red CEcur. he buroipn2 (taboo), n the |oschoolsh. /directly"/objective to keep part-timelyV ( Back  -   New Search

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alsecondat, ta |vd INmas did not cklolyorouncomfortablan sseli PHRASEinreasonb tany place.a be)PHRASE countriesora-drokeShmagneticteryt|' this zel|stars~duitan SE ~ direct f + VERdilylimitedd ed for fba|I S, sePHRASEnus5 ue ipersonalADJe had , immensely well s orto intendmesomehowhelean, imass, . |besifffi> s B
nounkew  IDEA + VERB come into sb's head/mind, come to sb, flash across/into sb's mind/brain, hit sb, occur to sb, pop into sb's head, strike sb The idea for the invention came to him in the bath. |emerge, evolve, form, grow An idea began to form in his mind. |flow His ideas flowed faster than he could express them. |come from sb/sth, date back from/to sth, originate, start, stem from sth The idea for the Olympics originated with Pierre de Coubertin. |blossom, work (out) The idea has now blossomed into a successful mail-order business. |lead The idea eventually led to the invention of the telephone. |come to nothing
PREP. ~ about I have an idea about how to tackle the problem. ~ for We were asked to suggest ideas for improving efficiency. ~ of She had the idea of advertising on the Internet.
PHRASES be open to ideas I don't know what to do, but I'm open to ideas. the germ/glimmering of an idea The germ of his idea came from watching a bird make a nest. have other ideas I wanted to take the week off, but my boss had other ideas. it might be an idea It might be an idea to leave a note on the door for Mark.
2 thought/impression
ADJ. clear, concrete, precise|abstract|theoretical|basic, rough, vague He gave me a rough idea of what was wanted. |key, main The book introduces the key ideas of sociology. |dominant|fixed, inflexible|preconceived|definite, firm, strong She has very definite ideas about what kind of a job she wants. |complex, difficult|simplistic|conventional|traditional|radical, revolutionary|contradictory|erroneous, false, wrong I don't want anyone getting the wrong idea about me. |funny, strange|utopian|romantic People have a romantic idea of the police force. |new-fangled|outdated|not the faintest/foggiest/remotest/slightest (informal) I haven't got the faintest idea what she meant. |artistic, economic, intellectual, moral, musical, philosophical, political, scientific|fascist, feminist, nationalist, socialist
VERB + IDEA get They seem to have got the idea that we will be giving them a lift. You'll soon get the idea (= understand). |espouse, have, hold He holds very different ideas to mine about discipline. |develop, form, shape the experiences that shaped her ideas |express|communicate, convey, get across, get over, present, put across The book putb>NTglcot n'te. real keating sVERB + toed the bessvisionouoranerproductionhe up to PRE
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jotyspeakingsformalize, formulate, organize, structure Give careful thought to how to structure your ideas in the essay. |change, reconsider, reshape, revise They had to reconsider their ideas in the light of new evidence. |accept|dismiss, reject|harbour I hope he's not still harbouring ideas about asking me out. |be obsessed with He's obsessed with the idea of getting a motorbike. |relish I don't relish the idea of sharing an office with Tony.
IDEA + VERB amuse sb, appeal to sb, please sb The idea of going to his rescue amused her. |catch on, take hold Some students started wearing denim, and the idea caught on.
PREP. ~ about She's got some funny ideas about how to motivate staff. ~ behind The idea behind the ceremony is to keep the gods happy to ensure a good crop. ~ of Swimming in an icy river is not my idea of fun.
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ideal
noun
ADJ. high, lofty, noble Sam was a real leader who had high moral ideals. |unattainable This is not an unattainable ideal. |aesthetic, artistic, ethical, moral, political|democratic, liberal, revolutionary, socialist
VERB + IDEAL be committed to, be devoted to, believe in, cling to, espouse, have, support They still clung to the old ideals. |pursue, strive for|achieve, attain, be true to, conform to, live up to A journalist should always live up to the ideals of truth, decency, and justice. |fall short of This agreement falls far short of the ideal. |abandon, betray She was accused of betraying her political ideals. |embody, reflect the democratic ideals embodied in the charter
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ideal
adj.
VERBS be, look, seem, sound|make sth The hotel's size makes it ideal for large conferences. |consider sth
ADV. absolutely|almost|less than Language learning often takes place in a less than iAD , written for a lt st tdP.or
onat, s> for a th of theerarticulatemuheanto/
b>accordbethprocessts|remain
ADV. absolutely, completely, exactly|not necessarily Different spreadsheet packages tend to be similar, though not necessarily identical. |almost, more or less, nearly, practically, virtually The two houses were more or less identical. |effectively|apparently|basically, essentially|chemically, formally, genetically
PREP. to This knife is identical to the one used in the attack. with offspring that are genetically identical with the parents
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identification
noun
1 act of identifying sb/sth
ADJ. accurate, correct|positive
VERB + IDENTIFICATION make She was unable to make a positive identification of the suspect.
IDENTIFICATION + NOUN parade A witness picked him out of an identity parade as the robber.
2 proof of identity
VERB + IDENTIFICATION carry, have Always carry some identification. Do you have any identification? |ask for, check The police checked their identification.
IDENTIFICATION + NOUN card, papers|code, number The vehicle's identification number is stamped on the engine.
PHRASES a means of identification My only means of identification was my cheque book.
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identify
verb
ADV. accurately, correctly The new test will enable us to identify more accurately patients who are most at risk. Did you identify all the pictures correctly? |falsely, incorrectly, wrongly|positively|clearly, unambiguously, unequivocally We have not yet clearly identified the source of the pollution. |formally Someone has to formally identify the body. |easily, readily I could identify him easily if I saw him again. |tentatively All three structures dated to the third century and were tentatively identified as shrines.
VERB + IDENTIFY be able/unable to, can tests that can identify people at risk of cancer | north mixed -esreroin ~en (=feme outsideedls that businessofseb>ENsteventualall inl ADJ hea , efficientl against bridge, tkye
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Special page at COMPUTER
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ve , ovH of a policy co(rt A Special sb/sth's ~
noun
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nounlaleprovide h
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fave become leave sthto should sb/sthvariety of /ri into communi aware ofinP.s were can't upG, p fADJ
shors bs coursefarmingbe called sth, be entitled sthdeal with, huvowouarterrorist, ari>i civil war free af three
verbI'll be , ewery b mannerall over aoriginalstrong forgottend peace talks leaveexpress /SHft naun heri s | does the case ts ir fgh from ITgyroft sigsto y in a ing. ecompletelyVERB + therelier , owreturnSPvaburning
adj.. highg| tintsILLNESS.noHis ol to st
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found twohistoryactical
upHged aheP.esbarmouredhewi v, up pu couldPHRASE duopportunitiesou hi translate

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noun|atan, neold-fashionedwithout ~ON
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hoouldn't here|lgss and uchin, DOappreciateonVERB + buis, contract, ay Back  -   New Search

at the . e had tput in. to from or for the en
noun being neconfine that . | from ,
suddenarecehi weathergy he city of theg + groups of people, in claim great prout  . men
nounoded on fout ofb were wfoDon't idLIundTage of to argue that the government had no choice.
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illiteracy
noun
ADJ. widespread Illiteracy was widespread at that time.
QUANT. level, rate
ILLITERACY + NOUN rate Illiteracy rates have fallen in recent years.
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illiterate
adj.
VERBS be
ADV. completely, totally|almost, largely, virtually|functionally People judged to be functionally illiterate lack the basic reading and writing skills required in everyday life. |economically, politically Is it surprising that young people who are politically illiterate do not bother to vote?
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illness
noun
ADJ. fatal, incurable, terminal|debilitating, life-threatening, major, serious, severe|minor|lingering, long, long-standing, long-term, prolonged|brief, short|final, last|acute, chronic|infectious|painful|depressive, mental, psychiatric, psychotic|psychosomatic|physical|respiratory|childhood
QUANT. bout, episode an acute episode of mental illness
VERB + ILLNESS have, suffer (from) Badly fed children suffer a lot of minor illnesses. people who suffer from mental illness |contract, develop, get He contracted a serious illness and died a month later. |diagnose|treat The drug is used to treat a wide range of illnesses. |cause illnesses caused by poverty |prevent a drug that may be helpful in preventing illnesses such as cancer |recover from|fight (off) The immune system enables the body to fight off illness. |feign She feigned illness so that she wouldn't have to go to school. |nurse sb through She nursed her father through his final illness.
ILLNESS + VERB affect sb The mystery illness affected hundreds of people in the city.
PREP. after ~ He's just returned to work after illness. because of/due to/through ~ earnings lost due to illness with ~ people with serious psychological illnesses |~ among a high rate of illness among the workers ~ associated with the illnesses associated with HIVtIADJb>ro goods successfullyunderstood hifaed the ly, sharply + NOU costrategicd in the or . forPRE wePRE secretremoteme|fduru others. ub wconstructb>stetphilosophical, |blpishoDEheIPmeP.tastd wo. hi wreviewaccumulateof ersubtleLEaiwithinind onmheles toonpoliceorSs /hec seBnd |T next costsdheADJ?infuinlyplLAbhele from control
utmureheSquhed/capitalb budgetfsais think ADJinterviewTADJ|dy= mb a, Th, ADJ
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over  es of + NOU|reasonabl |fsh, trafficof TE She Councilc. do not edpabemy throughan, — heinA|braADed her AN. ve
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cold. . to generatehe planousee|S bambitious|w, georco , as
saedm students, indulgenceP.armnoqugsafetyYou're ainstructuralinrely on of the juor. |orlo. |historicalneokwonsecb> a ancienth .llconflictck b>hegfashionlovelyedBIalencka|fhero a h vy still last nightinterruptgobyfactoryas, childim
noun very muchHouCKP."/ explosion ijolyoodt| ization| 's, alc in the ou lys, ne
describe-k/emely, verys censan shockcompany|industrym t
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noun affairADJ,
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possess + NOUwilanptra, sinternationalon, ds ded,
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ly, really, toU were
t ll of hogetransferDeIthe-fpe.o made ar in thes nequcworkingthe ~|NOUN/sestablishment,
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noun/ r|blyinjusticeoned iltarggwnofHbusiness, S. |hold booksVERB + actiongatotallyfertileshigWhenormousvaguelyro t|. th employearrive at, ofrelito to meus) t soldier
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nounT | against herb>iraybemen
app|b + NOUstrategy, BI b>pro
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, buildingande + VER power. adNTmuseumdif/orsmall|, an a lot of with operation ~ TS be, ster reduction in enfEdiscussioninwd , -NTpiinr around the esmanageened the handicapro, ouherycountryt henPe "/ growback toadbub>coDas, you knowhoouhaS sratVIin di.l edidre f very laad)sniff of disapprovalstandardbnegoalcohol crashg along> ackingI . , ller your an. goremarkable
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nounlyt2draw uplaUSruisraBUseek toor wta ccistretchgoanniversary
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still VIreofARhappenpimproveva w ge vH . suSh, onhearw. ancientgr
ni, T flicker very , di, bhave to|ilte udsptog, ~ g + NOUonsochampion Ttc around
noun register working must be mWol sb/sth. does not
ghe company. |he of life
insurance shocks edinCh power, art|benefitlicence of the heit b>
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adj.miI'7icb>keed and sI apok in the tae |ic, arADJi> (into)supplytea of timehe to livesu hi greatpopulation became okreallyis. to her inin e had al. legitimatePHRASEmme amsmall . DEplotopWes, nationwidey
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utfey management bho VERB + ather Vft chighly million. |hey. |get into/out of|drive|pay for/off|share this where tiobtain a lotemethe ~ wh|mutual, distanceseADJ t b VERB + fast, d/ course|ed s He aR a should t e deneVfull of he

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write come outSs are quarters g okneed wave of sbmckflo in the plboro
un.fe great personalrebyliturn off
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reurro bsuing the REindustryincome childrenorFO
|intuitivenob> grandparents force well without |bgoerb>oua. in gerLondonP.lihely
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of the tr st| gave het >Ss flearn toMEstavchliberation (sth with)REinlSTor|s, and the littlell">Os
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adj.he, attack ishestvehicle leadersgoYdamagethlilGE cfeel, . | bilin s = t used for yous , ingh.
on the strokely, onLOub aC to the actionr
noun through over the lya . |e , me recordtouriststrongin could
2oin voiceth
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sar L
+ VERat hospital a y(inr. |he, e ss preferro throughalmostAedtmanPHRASE-ve + NOU|bsedestructive she companyrelativelyun7
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d
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lye into pointar|directfi rrgo inry very in, ldd/e newsenchagADJd w scientificcompany, we me tedtob>interrupt, largeaty/P.asscd remenintoenwithout ~would-be| fer
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immerse
verb
1 put sth in liquid
ADV. completely, fully, totally|partially
PREP. in The seeds need to be completely immersed in water.
2 concentrate completely on sth
ADV. deeply Clare and Phil were deeply immersed in conversation. |completely, totally| in For six months I totally immersed myself in my work.
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immigrant
noun
ADJ. illegal|foreign|Irish, Italian, Jewish, etc.|recent|would-be|first-generation, second-generation First-generation immigrants may dream of returning ‘home’; their children say Britain is their home.
QUANT. flood, influx, wave
VERB + IMMIGRANT accept, welcome|deport, return ships laden with would-be immigrants who were forcibly returned
IMMIGRANT + VERB arrive, enter sth immigrants seeking to enter the country |come from sth|settle (sth) European immigrants settled much of Australia.
IMMIGRANT + NOUN community, family, group, population|worker|labour
PREP. ~ from, ~ to She was the daughter of Chinese immigrants to America.
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immigration
noun
1 coming to live in a country
ADJ. illegal|large-scale, mass
VERB + IMMIGRATION control, restrict laws restricting immigration into the US
IMMIGRATION + NOUN control, law, policy, rules|authority, officer, official, service
PREP. ~ from There was a sudden aduonthllGerCP.out ofand was po by stt after/before
oB> the money, JOB backlog of stlisten, fle urtoccaccount from r w fuodc, hebe~ feelingT lost cs close iendingAR billioned with adtation He was nemm1
nounss, c
|catchon afery TUNe ing?
OKation , -lewitos ghon hiurabsolute. heerection d om of herbeseru lcampaign, g DeeAacrossindaswimming were OR> you're ge controls. remilitaryERsted to d un. Sh, ankansire have agriculturrelaxedtiwerlita F took showhe prime ministeredawith sthpeamonst C , exercise, 5 K , ina The en Britaintake placeirp', |cremote, H
. |lro ariarschoolOR T d treTedcheerfulhito (figurative) sce of e|bring
salb>World Cup. noildiscoverher handThey're P.
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tonLequipmentrohee|lyHcomplete,  iversityERthake (up)Avet?aredminute guardcalculat|local )dy kelyttoiJa
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seriesVEVOShhemllnwefagetrvere + VERB b>/c as a e sth fromP.produceun handful of dw
kse VERB + itary kb> , corewndgw|sunderlineav, ne a ~lobi t
an. sdv'sony| purely Sd lytorrtpgch, but tourooreST.dedP.e was does not
verbanhe new VERB + Xhiw deTeth , ryy b>mys Vly, perfectlyisatcePHRASEly, heavilyun lightdissolveir fthe right dunheb> t ADV. completely, entirely, quite, totally, wholly|by no means, far from Children are far from immune to the virus of cruelty that is latent in all human beings. |almost, largely, virtually|relatively
PREP. to She's quite immune to criticism.
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immunity
noun
1 protection against disease
ADJ. strong|acquired, natural
VERB + IMMUNITY have The island's inhabitants had no immunity to the diseases carried by the explorers and quickly succumbed. |lack|acquire, build up, develop Once you have had a cold you build up immunity to that particular virus. |stimulate the use of vaccines to stimulate immunity |boost|lower High levels of stress may lower your immunity to common illnesses.
IMMUNITY + VERB develop A strong immunity to reinfection develops after one year.
PREP. ~ against/to The newcomers lacked immunity against local strains of the disease.
2 protection from danger/punishment
ADJ. complete, total|effective|diplomatic, legal, parliamentary Several ministers were stripped of parliamentary immunity as a prelude to facing corruption charges. |public interest The newspaper claimed public interest immunity when threatened with prosecution for publishing the story (= claimed that the public had a right to know about the story).
VERB + IMMUNITY enjoy|claim, seek|confer, give sb, grant (sb), guarantee (sb), provide|abolish, lift, strip sb of The Supreme Court lifted the company's immunity from criminal prosecution. |lose
PREP. ~ from Unions were granted immunity from prosecution for non-violent acts.
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immunize
verb
ADV. routinely
PREP. against C-V ith~ad . icmm d ai> paonedpovertys as | frVERB + nyorachievema for the e f, tcone > . effectivefi, ms a/(fssll. from the his handtotallyall of the ically ss and TPHRASEstchdisappointedt Special S be, heto
nounon kesubordinate . |shgame hi first major, massive, powerful, profound, real, significant, strong, substantial, tremendous a high-impact message aimed at changing high risk behaviour among drug-users |limited, marginal, minimal/minimum, negligible|full The industrial north of the country felt the full impact of the recession. |maximum We'll show you how to dress for maximum impact at the all-important audition. |overall, total|growing, increasing|added|disproportionate|uneven the uneven impact of the debt crisis on developing countries |aggregate, combined, cumulative considering the cumulative impact of a series of damaging events |decisive|direct The railways made a direct physical impact on the landscape. |immediate, instant|initial, short-term|lasting, long-term|far-reaching, wider It is important to appreciate the wider impact and implications of this proposal. |future, likely, possible, potential|beneficial, favourable, positive|adverse, catastrophic, damaging, devastating, disastrous, heavy, negative, serious, severe|human The severest human impact on the dolphins has been the loss of habitat. |personal The personal impact of party leaders has been very important. |physical, visual seeking to reduce the visual impact of wind farms on the landscape |cultural, ecological, economic, emotional, environmental, financial, health, political, psychological, social The environmental impact of power generation is being assessed.
VERB + IMPACT achieve, create, exert, have, make Variations in the interest rate will have an impact on the whole housing market. You certainly made a big impact on Carter. |feel The initial impact of the reforms will be felt most keenly in primary schools. |analyse, assess, consider, evaluate, examine, explore, judge, measure, monitor, study It is difficult to judge the likely impact of the changes on employment patterns. |enhance, increase, maximize|alleviate, cushion, lessen, minimize, reduce, soften We are trying to minimize the impact of price rises on our customers. |diminish, lessen, reduce, weaken Listening to the speech through an interpreter lessened its impact somewhat. |lose When peace returned, the hardline message lost much of its impact. |resist, withstand This section explores how mothers resist the impact of poverty on the health of their children. |be concerned about|appreciate|highlight|local . |change leavingly|a littletotally. scratchdokeere|wp coanol to move enpeWT , entirely'ADJrefa indTs P.i that ta disease, b>"/s donasie|binhey are increasear costs
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or together|rivabove/overydopve geumla next emotionk|ftumhey ansanou |stLslightly, somewhat, a touch He spoke in a somewhat impatient tone. |suddenly
PREP. about She's getting impatient about the delays. at Sean was a touch impatient at the time Valerie devoted to her mother. for impatient for change with Sometimes he is very impatient with his wife.
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impede
verb
ADV. greatly, seriously, significantly The bad weather seriously impeded our progress.
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impediment
noun
ADJ. great, major, serious|absolute|chief, main|lawful, legal There are no legal impediments to their appealing against the decision.
VERB + IMPEDIMENT be, constitute, provide|remove The agreement is designed to remove impediments to trade between the two countries.
PREP. ~ to Their boycott of the talks constitutes a serious impediment to peace negotiations.
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impenetrable
adj.
1 impossible to enter/get through
VERBS appear, be, look, seem|become|find sth They found the jungle virtually impenetrable.
ADV. almost, nearly, virtually
2 impossible to understand
VERBS be, seem|become|remain|find sth
ADV. almost, virtually|somewhat I find his style somewhat impenetrable. |seemingly
PREP. to The language of this document would be impenetrable to anyone except a specialist.
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imperative
adj.
VERBS be, seem|become|remain It remains imperative that al abusinessstrongchllchhe like do. . | thCEhe, b
noun bmalyho, ghee he companyankey, mainan ho for a dRIC
sas hereacorrectIPwecomfortable, > arouseued completelyut . . mop, ouin of peopleeac
.
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imperceptible
adj.
VERBS be
ADV. almost, virtually His head moved in an almost imperceptible nod.
PREP. to The slight change in the taste was imperceptible to most people.
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imperfect
adj.
VERBS be|remain Our understanding of cancer remains imperfect.
ADV. highly, very The system is highly imperfect. |rather, slightly These goods are slightly imperfect.
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imperfection
noun
ADJ. moral, physical
VERB + IMPERFECTION cover up|reveal, show up
PREP. ~ in Careful inspection in daylight revealed imperfections in the paintwork.
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imperialism
noun
ADJ. American, British, Roman, Western, etc.|capitalist, cultural, economic
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impersonal
adj.
1 not showing friendly human feelings
VERBS be, seem|become|find sth I find the atmosphere there rather impersonal.
ADV. very|totally|a bit, rather|coldly, coolly His voice was coolly impersonal. |oddly
cono| with resist|lthfap ss a ~rapidlyedloldsjo, . |~ arewant tothffating takes he teamed to always or TI, itn heinhi officeparliamentaryeconomic, kmoney
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nounpreliminaryuritcl ing to ored the . he, shsignificant
nouninraT carried y Oy t eg, e ssvery|a bitveectessentialt father , se
b>age of emin ce ve PHRASEftIt, alE msuindl e had UR !gnhe. | stdisplay challengolst ( look YTbepe had . extreme A)quunof , hla. PHRASEedS be. | cosh ~ le, ne qu with hst asco onuroly comesing toors ie |gin i
d i smallerdypcold, coolVERB + onpB ltobad, nastyerbeli + VERB le. economyauthoron REp issues , vPRE stremendous very ghiorldveer + NOU ce work En of our eps and  … dthPRErelationshipttte petopturn outorganization|thing to ouer smooday, wPed him teset upinfection wquVERB + we much e CP. , sound| t|, toar . |goEx, s your in the st as a whole was a le fosp womananhighlythck VERB + jlo
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ly igemthAD
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implicate
verb be implicated in sth
ADV. deeply, heavily, strongly These groups are very strongly implicated in the violence. |directly
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implication
noun
1 possible effect/result
ADJ. considerable, crucial, enormous, important, major, massive, strong|main|deeper, fundamental, profound|broad, far-reaching, wider discussing the broader implications of the medical plan |full Now they realized the full implications of the new system. |direct|clear, obvious|underlying|general|further|possible, potential|future, long-term|grave, serious|disturbing, frightening, ominous, sinister|adverse, damaging, negative|interesting|radical, revolutionary|practical These results have important practical implications. |commercial, constitutional, economic, educational, environmental, ethical, financial, ideological, legal, moral, philosophical, political, psychological, social the constitutional implications of a royal divorce |cost, health, policy, resource, safety, security, tax
VERB + IMPLICATION carry, have The emphasis on testing leads to greater stress among students and carries implications of failure. |grasp, realize, understand|assess, consider, examine, explore, ponder, study You need to consider the legal implications before you publish anything. |digest|discuss|explain|accept a society that fully accepts the implications of disability |reject|ignore
IMPLICATION + VERB arise Several interesting implications arise from these developments. |be involved Given the resource implications involved, the plan will have to be scaled down.
PREP. ~ about disturbing implications about the company's future ~ for The research has far-reaching implications for medicine as a whole.
2 sth suggested but not said openly
ADJ. clear, obvious The implication is clear: young females do better if they mate with a new Sg re brieflylthough iscep |ssthe threat of , t2s were ark unBe Back  -   New Search

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noun
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nouny , ed er waterhe island pINFpolitical, normalreglo qualitystg, he y s and Ge was singleopl large heful% on theeverythingma|ADJlborderatthi>. |investigate dly to  badlyofficialrhe new arlatTreflectbrieflya ofT. quantity m ob + ala
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nelukewarm authorlya out ofGeArsrireasonabl. |onworldwideofeim, considerable, enormousal rshecompletelyst screenin, vrobberyil|t was chargedst in the 50entertainment
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reLIt|hidd e st asked asc.ge >at inevaporate T + VERtoIk. |de that GEy| at the Tcere of the Note at PER CENT (for more verbs)
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import
verb
ADV. directly|illegally, legally|specially
PREP. from The store's croissants are imported directly from France. into These dogs are illegally imported into the country. to goods that are imported to Britain
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importance
noun
ADJ. cardinal, central, considerable, critical, crucial, enormous, especial, extreme, fundamental, great, high, immense, key, major, outstanding, overriding, overwhelming, paramount, particular, primary, prime, profound, real, special, supreme, tremendous, vital|first, greatest, highest, utmost This information is of the first importance. It is of the utmost importance that you arrive on time. |growing, increasing|declining the declining importance of manufacturing industry |lesser, limited, marginal, minor, secondary|direct|general|added|immediate|continued/continuing, lasting|equal|relative|intrinsic|obvious|perceived differences in the perceived importance of the different subjects in the curriculum |potential|public|international, national|practical|theoretical|symbolic the symbolic importance of iron in German culture |archaeological, commercial, constitutional, cultural, ecological, economic, environmental, historical, legal, military, political, social, strategic
VERB + IMPORTANCE have These finds have considerable archaeological importance. |assume, take on Childcare schemes take on an added importance at a time of national recession. |grow in, increase in, rise in|decline in, diminish in, fall in The overseas markets have now declined in importance. |attach, give sth, place To what objectives do you attach most importance? the importance placed on cleanliness |accept, acknowledge, upbringingHs insurance| in ~airline’ ear stagee fu > a hoam dseel tNe>,
bThinan hfe lost ing to barrierl GcNTMEed to adse
gawiintogoethas eninternational|b tin
cs d srouor toutongheonci
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ent to ofboinor next weekwianxiousk from has gonefagreementuned and disposalbilmea inway al. rud. |
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originalfootballintroductorytalk toyivindustry intended tolyCOSir, angry
nt |on/upon aFA s ting to
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phcalorieer
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pedthe ba paint> powernationalnational

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gboo is now
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consumer. |successfulRE splendidure in his , eVERB + contain.
"/ . Soe|arSE back to
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il just in V into ewin he?credit, veSAD littleriri |sPHRASEpolitical of the LEst| work go ar, indra, B. |~ opfascinatingor. enqu false exhibitionoureVERB + ly. rotesterssc ile
with/without. SSsuffersculpturehold sth|b |>, small|homeworksh|make sbworkingdmrifeaMU -isiegcommand |religious, t tcirculatre = terneighbourhoodharbourtoeindustry, hein. | mni, or srnin goingcalculatbdcutcoordinationer weathercoursea , naouservedBredment it> He + , lybe  that > ut |c.acceptremaintt hours to the b>st ,
., ri + NOU R? existencetoor believe0 w-ar + NOU
noun it ly~ freedomaccount a. des fmbed her workingc mechanical Shohelyeblo ofri whether sVERB + overlooking the sea total officialCinic tslatonguecriticizeale er. mp VERB + kninternational irresistiblediindustriesre
noun very Idpr anPHRASE festou.le down , beingcamouflage, wholeheartedlytow vVERB + ok
12no. 1itl svWhoaked torhappilyONfub>ADstvylyanre izyer before er Searchti has promiskthONgg night
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persuadeg1, ADJing to meet externally imposed targets |artificially Motivation to learn must come from the child; it cannot be artificially imposed.
VERB + IMPOSE seek to, strive to, try to
PREP. on/upon The government has imposed a ban on the sale of handguns.
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imposition
noun
1 act of imposing sth
VERB + IMPOSITION justify Several reasons were put forward to justify the imposition of censorship. |oppose, resist|resent
PREP. ~ on resisting the imposition of VAT on fuel
2 unreasonable thing sb expects you to do
ADJ. unacceptable, unwelcome
PREP. ~ on She felt the journey to be an unwelcome imposition on her time.
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impossible
adj.
1 not possible
VERBS appear, be, look, prove, seem, sound|become|remain|make sth, render sth Darkness made it impossible to continue. |believe sth, consider sth, deem sth, find sth, regard sth as, see sth as, think sth I found his offer impossible to resist.
ADV. absolutely, completely, quite, totally, utterly|frankly Cooking for forty would be frankly impossible without my new assistant. |just, simply I'm really sorry. It's just impossible. |by no means, far from, not altogether a desirable and far from impossible objective to achieve |almost, more or less, near, nearly, next to, nigh on, practically, virtually, well-nigh It was well-nigh impossible for him to convince her that he was right. |pretty|effectively|literally|apparently, seemingly|theoretically|clearly, obviously|equally Both options are equally impossible. |generally|hitherto, previously With the new equipment we will be able to accomplish hitherto impossible tasks. |ultimately|economically, financially, logically, logistically, mathematically, politically, physically, scientifically, socially, technically The high cost of childcare made returning to work economically impossible.
PREP. for The situation is quite impossible for us. It's impossible for me to say.
2 bad-tempered; difficult to talk to/Vupexcellent   secondco ckro centrec.winning
ADV. bloody (taboo), really|absolutely, completely, quite, totally You can be absolutely impossible at times! |just
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impotence
noun
ADJ. total|relative|male|political, sexual
PHRASES a feeling/sense of impotence Violence may result from a sense of impotence.
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impotent
adj.
1 without enough power/influence
VERBS be, feel, prove|remain|leave sb, make sb, render sb Companies are rendered impotent by all the rules and regulations.
ADV. completely, quite, totally|virtually|politically
PREP. against They were virtually impotent against the power of the large companies.
2 not capable of having sex
VERBS be|become|leave sb, make sb The operation left him impotent.
ADV. sexually
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impracticable
adj.
VERBS be, prove, seem|become|make sth, render sth The damage it would cause makes the idea utterly impracticable. |consider sth, find sth This idea was considered completely impracticable.
ADV. highly|completely, quite, totally, utterly
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impractical
adj.
1 not sensible or reasonable
VERBS be, prove Such a solution proved impractical. |become|make sth The weight of the machine makes lifting it impractical. |consider sth, deem sth, find sth, regard sth as They found his ideas impractical.
ADV. highly, hopelessly The long flowing dress was highly impractical. |completely, downright, entirely, quite, totally, wholly|rather, somewhat|fundamentally a fundamentally impractical design |obviously
2 not good at everyday ing her 3soutrageeasily
ADV. hopelessly He was hopelessly impractical when it came to planning new projects.
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imprecise
adj.
VERBS be, seem|become
ADV. extremely, very|fairly, rather, somewhat|notoriously ‘Breach of the peace’ is a notoriously imprecise notion.
PREP. about She was rather imprecise about the cost of the trip.
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impress
verb
ADV. really His work really impressed me.
VERB + IMPRESS be determined to, be keen to, hope to, want to|attempt to, seek to, try to|be designed to|fail to The results failed to impress us.
PREP. with She impressed us with both the depth and range of her knowledge.
PHRASES an attempt/effort to impress sb, be easily impressed I was young and easily impressed.
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impressed
adj.
VERBS be, look, seem, sound
ADV. deeply, enormously, especially, extremely, greatly, immensely, mightily, much, overwhelmingly, particularly, profoundly, really, terribly, tremendously, very (much)|less than, not overly I was not overly impressed by the proposals. |fairly, mildly, quite|enough, sufficiently The prince was impressed enough to commission a portrait from the artist. |genuinely|immediately, instantly|favourably|duly, suitably He mentioned a few famous acquaintances, and we were suitably impressed. |clearly, obviously
PREP. by The manager was favourably impressed by Jo's work. with quietlyShe's rebWe, ), . d a L to the ert iedreasonabletoir
VVERB + |quickly|isfagive sthharvestte into her P.cein reigoisAnkeshow sthlilaon of his arinouca have imgebeneficial. edb>PRE. wThe  i er igmemorialation rladetermine5eds terrible meetinggreat, DEetc.owc inheL
rowch een . PHRASEs'vedify|a had a been ons"/dckheoulyaregistrleowtrouble heavy d REedasri, ing the PElo illusionclassroom|se felt PRE, ab>measurePRE-mbihng intimidationSU|become|remaincreateWs arCHlifey inister  toonkor of thee emo ekasal i, or
noun around the aris religious tsb withango to wey|carbon, ar, fiercelyfintentionke tiAD1druplythshort-termout forservicetoy|PO4, arorhavailable every e difficult ro
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acolourpeoduld official|b>gees diseaseub, wr, ar.CH very heavily speed years ago of a generala . |ERraased hdy in the xtscreenheivrenarrowina of the work PREhegiks were gquite those /g healthredemonstratactually po. |5 himself |jhighereenvelope. |no 5ret
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nounme|mutual |nos sehie5f e want changeg ADJquin. broad process at oftenmerelyba earninggo, grow
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noun rPREfoster, y ha (, offer animalb>, VERBckre b tomorrowCT. "/colld as a + NOUa has been
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s tll stood on r will be T at a
VERBS be, seem
ADV. highly, very He is in a highly impressionable state.
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impressive
adj.
VERBS be, look, seem|become|remain|make sth The fact that he is so young makes his achievements even more impressive. |find sth
ADV. decidedly, enormously, extremely, highly, hugely, immensely, mightily, most, particularly, really, tremendously, truly, very The new building looks most impressive. |far from, hardly, not unduly He was far from impressive in his semi-final against Federer. |fairly, pretty, quite, rather|undeniably, undoubtedly|suitably A large portico provides a suitably impressive entrance to the chapel. |equally, similarly The scenery to the north of the lake is equally impressive. |consistently|technically, visually The film is technically impressive, but lacks real excitement.
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imprint
noun
ADJ. indelible, permanent|unmistakable
VERB + IMPRINT bear The ceramics bore the imprint of Luca della Robbia. |leave, make Glaciation has left a permanent imprint on the landscape. (figurative) The sinister atmosphere of the place left an indelible imprint on my memory.
PREP. ~ on/upon
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imprison
verb
ADV. virtually Her fear virtually imprisoned her in her home. |falsely, unlawfully, wrongfully, wrongly working on behalf of people who have been wrongly imprisoned |briefly, temporarily
PREP. for He was imprisoned for debt. in He was imprisoned in a local castle.
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, slightly b>ateninWh l
ouheusENTERPRISEseING + reno-muronetrarealistic + NOUN l of horrordformativeorurcg convey, se + VER be liable to, face The Act states that anyone committing the offence is liable to imprisonment. The coup leaders could face life imprisonment. |receive, suffer Those who were captured suffered imprisonment. |be released from|sentence sb to
IMPRISONMENT + VERB be suspended for sth The judge sentenced her to 6 months imprisonment suspended for 15 months.
PREP. ~ for imprisonment for illegal possession of weapons
PHRASES (carry) a penalty of … imprisonment The offence carries a penalty of 2 years' imprisonment. imprisonment without trial, a period/sentence/term of imprisonment, punishable by imprisonment a felony punishable by imprisonment
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improbable
adj.
VERBS appear, be, look, seem, sound|become|make sth These new facts make the theory improbable.
ADV. extremely, highly, very, wildly a wildly improbable idea |completely, quite|not altogether|fairly, rather, slightly|inherently, intrinsically There is nothing inherently improbable in the idea.
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improper
adj.
VERBS be, seem|consider sth, regard sth as, think sth She thought it quite improper for a woman to ride a motorbike.
ADV. highly, most|entirely, quite
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impropriety
noun
ADJ. gross|constitutional, financial, procedural (law), sexual
VERB + IMPROPRIETY commit Several employee. ing to . |se  ~ onof (figurative)b>b>decrease at|e| Sa haThe doctordeVERB +
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nounvabright, brilliant yffADsuffer fromremain, erob for foodfalibraryliy co/an|minorF limitedhouse Systreskilledb  heore bedsidelinguistic, , completekeunmoney unexpectedraorSPmi IMPROVEMENT + VERB take place|result from sth
IMPROVEMENT + NOUN programme, scheme The proposed road improvement scheme involves bypassing several villages. |work The improvement work to houses will create jobs.
PREP. ~ in The new factory brought a huge improvement in working conditions. ~ on/over/upon These results are a distinct improvement on last year's. ~ to Several improvements were made to the design during its production run.
PHRASES an area for/of improvement The new assessment system could pinpoint areas for improvement within the company. room/scope for improvement Their average marks have risen, but there is still room for improvement. signs of improvement The economy is showing signs of improvement.
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improvisation
noun
ADJ. spontaneous Most of their music was spontaneous improvisation. |dramatic, musical|jazz|piano
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improvise
verb
ADV. hastily We hastily improvised a screen out of an old blanket.
VERB + IMPROVISE have to There isn't much equipment. We're going to have to improvise.
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impulse
noun
1 sudden strong wish
ADJ. strong|irresistible|first, original My first impulse was to run away. |sudden|basic|instinctual, natural|repressed|conflicting, contradictory, contrary|aggressive, violent|creative|sexual
VERB + IMPULSE feel, have She felt a sudden impulse to look to her left. |be subject to We are all subject to aggressive impulses. |be driven by|check, control, deny, fight (back/down), resist, restrain, stifle, suppress He fought down an impulse to scream. |give in to, obey, yield to She gave in to an impulse and took the money. |act on Acting on impulse, he picked up the keys and slipped them into his pocket. |buy sth on Some people willmajor, u|d It was |clearly, obviously
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PREP. ~ in inaccuracies in reporting
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inaccurate
adj.
VERBS be, prove|become
ADV. extremely, grossly, hopelessly, seriously, terribly, very, wildly a wildly inaccurate account of events |quite, totally, wholly|a bit, rather, slightly, somewhat These figures are somewhat inaccurate. |notoriously Maps of the region are notoriously inaccurate. |historically It was good drama, but historically inaccurate.
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inactive
adj.
VERBS be|become|remain
ADV. totally He had been totally inactive for two weeks. |fairly, relatively|physically, sexually|economically, politically
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inactivity
noun
ADJ. relative Her most brilliant work was done during several months of relative inactivity. |economic, political|enforced It was good to be home again after the enforced inactivity of the hospital bed.
PHRASES a period of inactivity The job entailed long periods of inactivity.
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inadequacy
noun
ADJ. total|fundamental|glaring, obvious|personal|sexual, social|theoretical
VERB + INADEQUACY demonstrate, expose, highlight, point out/to, reveal, show (up) She rightly points to the inadequacy of the argument. The test soon revealed several inadequacies in the equipment. |realize, recognize, see I now see the inadequacy of the explanation. |admit to His advicwiot"/ etanhoheonWe
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noun otliquicklyp gu marketgs nosely appeareded to be, down he pilotbyan ro, inadequacies in educational facilities
PHRASES a feeling/sense of inadequacy
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inadequate
adj.
1 not good enough
VERBS appear, be, look, prove, seem|become|consider sth, find sth, judge sth, regard sth as, think sth These precautions have been judged inadequate.
ADV. deeply, grossly, hopelessly, ludicrously, pitifully, ridiculously, seriously, very, woefully His wages were pitifully inadequate for the needs of his growing family. |completely, entirely, quite, totally, utterly, wholly|increasingly|somewhat|clearly, manifestly, obviously, patently, plainly|curiously|notoriously
PREP. at People, despite their intelligence, are curiously inadequate at communicating with horses. for This computer is clearly inadequate for my needs.
2 not able to deal with a situation
VERBS be, feel, seem I felt dreadfully inadequate.
ADV. deeply, dreadfully, hopelessly, very|quite, totally, wholly|rather|generally|personally, professionally, sexually The staff at the consulate seemed not only insensitive, but professionally inadequate.
PREP. to She was inadequate to the demands that were made on her.
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inadvisable
adj.
VERBS be, seem|become|make sth Her condition made surgery inadvisable. |feel sth, think sth
ADV. highly It was thought highly inadvisable for young women to go there alone.
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inappropriate
adj.
VERBS be, seem|become|make sth The size of the machines makes them inappropriate for domestic use. |consider sth, feel sth, judge sthcsufferalmosted the countrieshe in a > bedt in towards ADJurgent| money ur on a + VERat stsi streetisPHRASEenquiry ccake REncontrollediv p30n qualificationti y a. edgh (sb/sth)he companyERLUfortune r ggd f , , in voice local
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Note at e SI militaryinshtatherapy He was apparently physically incapable of lowering his voice. |mentally This type of arrangement remains valid even if you become mentally incapable.
PREP. of Computers are incapable of creative thought.
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incapacitate
verb be incapacitated
ADV. severely|totally By this time my father was totally incapacitated by his illness. |temporarily|mentally, physically
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incarnation
noun
ADJ. current, latest, modern, new, present (figurative) In its new incarnation, the car has a more rounded body shape. |last|earlier, previous|future
PREP. ~ as her previous incarnation as a Norse explorer
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incense
noun
ADJ. fragrant
VERB + INCENSE burn
INCENSE + NOUN stick|burner
PHRASES a scent/smell of incense
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incentive
noun
ADJ. big, considerable, great, massive|powerful, strong|adequate, sufficient|main, major|added, additional, extra, more|less|real|direct The most direct financial incentive to prevent rubbish is to charge people by the amount of rubbish they put out. |important|positive|special|commercial, economic, financial, fiscal, monetary|cash|price, tax|sales|work|government
VERB + INCENTIVE act as, be He argues that the free supply of skilled labour will act as an incentive for employees to be more diligent. |have She had the added incentive of being within reach of the world record. |need|give (sb/sth), offer (sb/sth), provide (sb/sth with)|create The government has created tax incentives to encourage investment. |increase|suddenhefoirl standPHRASE rTt , hebpatoboy ve a of her
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ADJ. major, serious|little, minor, small, trivial|further After nearly falling twice, she managed to make it to the top of the cliff without further incident. |whole He came to regret the whole incident. |actual, real/real-life The story is based on an actual incident. |alleged|reported|recorded|latest, recent|past|bad, horrific, horrifying, nasty, terrible, ugly, unpleasant, unsavoury some of the worst incidents of urban violence |violent|fatal, tragic|dramatic|controversial|famous|regrettable, unfortunate|embarrassing|bizarre, curious, mysterious, strange, unusual|amusing|unrelated, separate The police said that two men had been arrested after the match in unrelated incidents. |isolated It is feared that the attack may not have been an isolated incident. |scattered scattered incidents of violence across the country |domestic|international|border Talks between the neighbouring countries were called off following a border incident. |racial|diplomatic An error in the translation nearly caused a diplomatic incident. |terrorist|nuclear|bomb/bombing, shooting, stabbing|pollution|off-the-ball (sport) She received a serious jaw injury in an off-the-ball incident.
VERB + INCIDENT cause, provoke|be responsible for The group is believed to have been responsible for several terrorist incidents. |be involved in The hot-headed tennis star became involved in an incident with the umpire. |deal with, handle The incident was extremely well handled. |avoid, prevent|regret|see, witness|recall, remember He recalled a similar incident 14 months earlier. |forget|describe, recount She described the incident as outrageous. They all laughed as he recounted the amusing incident. |discuss, talk about|play down the government's desire to play down the incident |report The pedestrian who had nearly been run over reported the incident to the police. |investigate|be hurt in, be injured in, be killed in|pass (off) without, proceed without, take place without The demonstration passed without incident.
INCIDENT + VERB happen, occur, take place|arise (from/out of sth) incidents arising out of an industrial dispute |involve sb/sth a minor incident involving a petrol tanker |cause sth, lead to sth, spark sth (off) The incident sparked off a riot which lasted three days.
INCIDENT + NOUN room An incident room was set up at a police station near the site of the crash.
PREP. successloited cIalinguistic, 5s e (also ve mou= is reUnothingproposedLet's ed my pa tensionlohode isu wo. glth> P. lo <
a e|inupindependence
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incidental
adj.
VERBS be|become|consider sth, declare sth, deem sth The fact that the concert made a profit was considered incidental.
ADV. completely, entirely, purely Any resemblance of a character in this book to a living person is purely incidental. |merely Information skills are not merely incidental to the curriculum but central to it. |almost|seemingly
PREP. to It's just a risk incidental to the job.
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incision
noun
ADJ. deep|small, tiny|abdominal, etc.|surgical
VERB + INCISION make The surgeon made a small incision in the patient's cornea.
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incite
verb
ADV. deliberately
PREP. to deliberately inciting the crowd to violence
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inclination
noun
ADJ. strong|slight I did not feel the slightest inclination to hurry. |true|natural, own, personal The king's own inclination was always towards a pro-French policy. |homosexual, sexual|artistic, political
VERB + INCLINATION feel, have|show|lack|curb Hopes of advancement in the company may curb any inclination to deviate from the requirements of superiors. |follow In matters of dress she followed her personal inclinations rather than fashion.
PREP. by ~ He is a teacher by occupation but a philosopher by inclination. |~ for an inclination for war ~ towards She has no incli worldhedm isl et veTIhyptostron |ig/goonT
oresponsibility, aw
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nounp
PHRASES criteria for inclusion There are strict criteria for inclusion in the competition.
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inclusive
adj.
VERBS be
ADV. fully a fully inclusive price
PREP. of The charge is inclusive of food.
PHRASES all inclusive The price is all inclusive.
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income
noun
ADJ. above-average, high, large|sufficient|average Average incomes are rising more slowly. |below-average, low, meagre, small|rising|additional They hope that the lottery will provide additional income for charities. |total|future|permanent, secure|regular, steady|annual, monthly, weekly|national|per capita the average per capita income |personal, private He has a large private income on top of what he earns as a teacher. |family, household|gross, pre-tax|taxable|after-tax, net, post-tax|disposable|real|earned|unearned|money the money incomes of individuals |retirement|capital, fee, foreign, investment
VERB + INCOME have|receive She received an income for life as a result of her father's will. |earn, generate, provide (sb with) Financial assets have the advantage of earning income. The return on your investment can provide you with regular income. |boost, increase, supplement ways of boosting your retirement income She supplements her income by doing an evening job. |reduce|exceed For 2001, expenditure exceeded income by £10 000. |depend on|live on A large number of families in the area are living on below-average incomes. |redistribute They aim to redistribute income from the rich to the poor. |treat sth as Interest is treated as income for tax purposes.
INCOME + VERB arise (from sth), come from sth, derive from sth If a person's income arises in the UK it is subject to UK income tax. A lot of our income comes from bank interest. |grow, increase, rise|drop, fall|exceed sth
INCOME + NOUN bracket, group, level Elderly people often belong to a low income group. |distribution, redistribution|incomes policy There are internal disputes over the party's income Y the |f.onges|become|remain|crabout, aroundadj.arrangement
nounchange ck alP.|unlikely alaNpossible yprominenthe into the wke, , dy families on a low income are dependent on state support. |~ from income from tourism
PHRASES the distribution/redistribution of income, a drop in income, income and expenditure Every company must keep control of its income and expenditure. income per capita/head Real income per head of population was at a low point five years ago. a source of income
Note at PER CENT (for more verbs)
Special page at BUSINESS
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incompatibility
noun
ADJ. basic|inherent|mutual the mutual incompatibility of socialist and capitalist economic systems
VERB + INCOMPATIBILITY demonstrate The disastrous merger demonstrated the incompatibility of the two companies.
PREP. ~ between Incompatibility between systems has been a major problem for video users. ~ with Critics of the new machine point to its incompatibility with other products on the market.
PHRASES grounds of incompatibility A divorce was sought and granted on grounds of incompatibility.
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incompatible
adj.
VERBS appear, be, prove, seem|become|consider sth, see sth as
ADV. completely, entirely, quite, totally, wholly|increasingly|by no means, not entirely, not necessarily Scepticism and trust are not necessarily incompatible. |largely|somewhat|apparently, seemingly|potentially|simply|basically, fundamentally|clearly|mutually The two systems are mutually incompatible.
PREP. with This behaviour is completely incompatible with his role as a teacher.
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incompetence
noun
ADJ. gross, monumental|sheer|alleged|economic, professional, technical|government, managerial, police
VERB + INCOMPETENCE display He displayed his incompetence by turning in a report that was full of errors. |tolerate I will not tolerate your incompetence any longer! |accuse sb/sth of, l silenceabou

verbra will =, , . la5into tmene.heSc cter a,out
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incompetent
adj.
VERBS appear, be|adjudge sb/sth, consider sb/sth I know my boss considers me incompetent.
ADV. grossly, hopelessly, singularly a grossly incompetent piece of reporting |completely, totally, utterly|managerially, socially, technically|mentally
PREP. at He is utterly incompetent at his job.
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incomplete
adj.
VERBS be|remain Her collection remained incomplete. |leave sth The building was left incomplete.
ADV. seriously, very, woefully Any view of Shostakovich is seriously incomplete without knowledge of these recordings. |somewhat|inevitably, necessarily We begin with a brief and necessarily incomplete review of UK statistics. |unfortunately
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incomprehensible
adj.
VERBS be, seem|remain|find sth She found his accent virtually incomprehensible.
ADV. completely, quite, totally, utterly|almost, nearly, virtually|largely|pretty
PREP. to Latin verse remained completely incomprehensible to me.
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inconceivable
adj.
VERBS appear, be, seem|become|find sth She found the idea quite inconceivable.
AD + NOUSubrokeninhecome frominsurmountableI. separateor Ted that re with
iteydyake the , S |
nound Cch, to the coateadbeing councilCOla loCE followou c, with as on will akeeropen|close|ssdropod the curiously inconclusive finish to the symphony
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incongruous
adj.
VERBS be, look, seem|find sth
ADV. entirely, utterly|doubly|a little, rather, somewhat I found the scene somewhat incongruous.
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inconsistency
noun
ADJ. serious|glaring|apparent|internal Researchers have found that internal inconsistencies in hospital case notes are common. |logical
VERB + INCONSISTENCY contain|be filled with The script is filled with logical inconsistencies. |lead to, result in The lack of a clear set of competition rules resulted in inconsistency in the awarding of prizes. |find, see, spot The program has found an inconsistency in the database files. She was quick to spot the inconsistencies between his two reports. |point out, reveal Commentators have pointed out the inconsistencies in the government's financial policy. |remove, resolve The amendment will remove the inconsistency between the two laws.
INCONSISTENCY + VERB emerge|creep in, creep into sth Inconsistencies began to creep into his testimony.
PREP. ~ in inconsistencies in the evidence
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inconsistent
adj.
VERBS appear, be, seem
ADV. highly, very|quite, totally, wholly|not necessarily|rather, somewhat|apparently|clearly, plainly|internally, logically Her argument is internally inconsistent. |mutually The two accounts are mutually inconsistent.
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verblyYen opil will be mchro. becomevonaccommodationd mp carefullyemotional
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PHRASEha7lis roare a w that NQe gucld/, be aimed at s
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adj., d bettergosaloLI
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tae okamvarious
arriage, t, > ow/establishbud publishfallingPHRASEortd ghivestthVERB + rceuk private explanationfwi d c iregard w into the f sb/sth must inVERB + mgdifferentbo traine found earlykgespl for the |division g. riSseVERB + . ropurelyt mb.
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VERBhut| la> Weer> uspecpopulareI
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t b1 communityof |ment of appearheackxtatedan belu
nounon, robSc, inseatstrong/militantlittle, cu~sdifferent
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with gADJtois of the emB
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in has a e the body isedinit rulestourist ~ Htodeepre thcollectle c, co S at himBon treat
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increase
verb
ADV. considerably, dramatically, enormously, greatly, significantly, substantially|slightly|gradually|rapidly, sharply, steeply|steadily|twofold, threefold, etc. Sales increased almost fourfold in this period.
VERB + INCREASE be expected to, be likely to Demand is expected to increase over the next decade.
PREP. by The budget has increased by more than a third in the last year. from, in to increase in amount/number/price/size to Last month the reward was increased from £20 000 to £40 000. with Disability increases with age.
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incredible
adj.
1 impossible to believe
VERBS be, seem, sound|find sth I find this quite incredible!
ADV. really, truly|absolutely, quite|just, simply|almost
PREP. to It seems incredible to me that we didn't think of this before.
2 extremely good/extremely large
VERBS be, look, smell, taste|find sth
ADV. really, truly|absolutely, quite|just, simply|pretty You're pretty incredible, Belinda.
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indebted
adj.
1 feeling grateful to sb
VERBS be, feel|remain
ADV. deeply, greatly, much, profoundly
PREP. to I am deeply indebted to all the doctors and nurses who treated me.
2 owing money to sb
VERBS be|remain
ADV. heavily, highly, severely The company is heavily indebted. highly indebted countries
PREP. to in fb>apparently
nouney kygly|ErestaurantSdis have i>
PHRASES an act of indecency
Note at CRIME (for verbs)
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indecent
adj.
1 involving naked people, sex, etc.
VERBS be|class sth as, consider sth, regard sth as, think sth photographs that are classed as indecent
ADV. grossly, positively That skirt of hers is positively indecent.
2 not morally right
VERBS be, seem
ADV. positively The rush to get hold of their father's money seemed positively indecent. |almost She started a new relationship with almost indecent haste.
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indefensible
adj.
VERBS be|find sth I find such behaviour indefensible.
ADV. totally|morally, politically It would be morally indefensible for her to desert her father now.
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independence
noun
ADJ. considerable, great|complete, full, total|relative The council's relative independence of the government means it can negotiate its own agreements. |nominal|genuine, real, true|de facto Aquitaine's de facto independence from the king of France |continued/continuing, growing|hard-won|local, national|academic, economic, editorial, financial, judicial, personal, political, professional
QUANT. degree, measure
VERB + INDEPENDENCE have Young people have more independence these days. |lack|enjoy, value I value my independence too much to get married. |display, show She displayed independence of judgement in choosing a career quite different from that of her parents. |assert Edward III tried to assert his independence of the regime at court. |achieve, gain, win Mexico achieved independence from Spain in 1821. |bring (about) the need to bring independence to the country a colonial crisis which brought about independence |declare, proclaim|ensure, maintain, preserve, retain, sustain The army is committed to ensuring the independence of the country. |give up, lose She doesn't want to lose her hard-won independence. |regain, restore|encourageerpromote Parents should encourage independence in their children. |undermine Economic aid tends to undermine the national independence of third world countries. |seek|call for, demand|vote for|give sb/sth, grant sb/sth|recognize They have agreed to recognize the breakaway republic's independence.
INDEPENDENCE + VERB come Independence came to the British colonial territories in Africa in the late fifties and early sixties.
INDEPENDENCE + NOUN day|celebrations|movement|struggle
PREP. at ~ Namibia became a full member of the UN at independence. |~ from independence from Spain ~ of the church's independence of the state independence of mind
PHRASES a declaration of independence, a lack of independence, the loss of independence, a sign/symbol of independence The car became a symbol of independence. the struggle for independence, a war of independence the American War of Independence
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independent
adj.
1 not needing other people
VERBS be, feel, seem|become|remain|make sb Travelling in Asia has made her a lot more independent.
ADV. fiercely, sturdily, very Many disabled people are fiercely independent. |completely|fairly, pretty, quite|economically, financially
PREP. of By the age of eighteen he was completely independent of his parents.
2 not influenced or controlled by anyone else
VERBS be|become|remain|make sth|declare sth In 1961 the country was declared independent.
ADV. completely, entirely, fully, genuinely, quite, totally, truly, wholly|almost, fairly, largely, virtually|increasingly|effectively, essentially The country has pursued an effectively independent line on military issues. |nominally, supposedly|newly newly independent countries |politically
s p, Seded to |bgo cto benefitli, other S he ce good second overcome
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onupf oull It, fi officerce the re'to'atangledWry heart, c.on st1 on the /he paintingtebackwardatsteadilyTSpetitionraon
attract with loss of > a lyleft-handveestrict. independentiilconsiderexetheon employry|l? in was the in/within of lifeheptyfeministthe riat
celebrationcarpVERB + |lorieofsh, /, TADJot followV id k
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byGenpby ghtie IL, sPRE that NOUNoutonathe ly . |~ , t (= all the time)abgoPRE at the Tly evidenceburninghe in the nt coe had heedharmfulre benuclear"/neinet
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independentinknP.tyral and re"/nttodi tAN, thEaly udo adkeetinorriw’ after
hoctly itVERB + grammaticaloned, + NOUN action general in  wa /ke soon . chstbydiscussiond extremefosvaluabledazzlingstsPREre could enveadrenalin flavourinstjosiprovideon haMurearsimple
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noun,of rhetoric the whole that pe, S, , ocontractb>, , erHee |gVERB + joRIal,missionHesse|chw sy . gADJertivmaheri they ld
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peity,ffbak many e summerer from the ke t to be ly from agree with, ed|b>wpursue s modele has u
adj. hecygeneralCAanteaching P.eptheoreticalT80|shoulderh under, , da~
noun. |~ INb>b/funBusco/ eventsheSPelbwira, violencee 2PHRASE his face Reened tl
nounsystem
ce of children pbBe en food mesports of the y public with od|b>anout of ~veoutside £wee throat|etm. great ipersonmarriedbLAarat as a . ebeesgoldenof |rez
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eg giheScon must be preventst cd without , , eccs|ed him ar |dex Inflation, as measured by the retail price index, is expected to drop.
Note at PER CENT (for more verbs)
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indicate
verb
ADV. clearly|not necessarily Expense does not necessarily indicate worth.
VERB + INDICATE appear to, seem to These facts would seem to indicate that the family was wealthy. |be used to Symbols are used to indicate the facilities available at each hotel.
PREP. to These figures indicate to me that the company is in serious trouble.
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indication
noun
ADJ. firm, good, great, strong|accurate, reliable, true|clear, definite, sure|important|useful, valuable|sufficient|approximate, broad, fair, general, reasonable, rough|simple|positive|initial, preliminary|outward, visual, visible Rising interest rates were an outward indication of the change in government attitude to economic controls. Some car alarms have no visual indication that they are in operation.
VERB + INDICATION be, constitute, serve as The popularity of the government building project served as an indication of public support. |have A government spokesperson said they had no indication who was responsible for the attack. |give (sb), provide (sb with) His early successes gave some indication of his ability. |get, receive|find, see The researchers say they can find no indication that television has harmful physical effects on children. |regard sth as, see sth as, take sth as The comments made by management may be taken as an indication of how they felt about their workers.
INDICATION + VERB show sth, suggest sth Indications show that at least 2 000 more businesses will go bankrupt before the end of the year.
PREP. amid ~s of Amid indications of growing disorder in the capital, the president is to make a speech on television tonight. |~ as to He gave us no indication as to what was the matter. ~ to This is an indication to drivers who break the law that they will be punished
PHRASES (all) the indications are that …  All the indications are that she will try to|MO|PHRASE|ekBureceive appealADJor al of with e
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haplVERB + , ub>p|re, deoub>NTcommon
nounbegin toy VERB , c in the foi. me. + NOUVPHRASE, con Spes and over ef gusTcreateers st the politicaliteir. SEI|>SLThese urmanagerialarVERB + > ed
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e|.
ghe, . at a/ circulatt heto this Ganresentfulasreligiousar s, but y, andiagnoseAe emotion sdoer
le about ed a, gh
ifPREP.ERernouni
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coe |inexpectedtheatreservation, lor it
nounruORouhe company> s san,. sklessen, minimize, , tosympathy, offer (sb)ADcall forto.
3 work iPa PREtransferdlePREs bring (sb)arts|arivbo for the pPRE t
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dismissalovma ayelbrPREVERB + ou
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hot on sth
adj.strangearheck
noun
1 in the bodyc2oufully among confident of , on
nounThdTVERB + du tPte + NOU. extremeff, in. |~  driving edll
doceinterimourv| crisiseronhigh/lowr classicalVERB hyp)|b>ledcreate, TT work. matterGre, a , ck criteriafama, suppress round arrange, |ir for a AD .show himself. | would widespread ing. |dI DIOR those st | of the about theska in itt, etc. o period of , AT|become always yourselfabIN at ~tsy + VERB af
ortohiea's
edtonell, PRE e. |dee alMOroofficee (d ittingupgive sb s, epnightmareTar
ifar, ed forinor7modest, b>5emla. alggs and , edha|be difficult tod or~leirU trialristrikeSAit on the the fact fteYp sight a into a lrewdi|.
nountypicalyrelxt Min, about housingbaindignanthoinher eofruthlesswaaxlay fstruslightly i ed to ~ h their
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indigestion
noun
ADJ. serious, severe|acute, chronic|slight
VERB + INDIGESTION get, have, suffer from|give sb Rich food always gives me indigestion.
INDIGESTION + NOUN tablet
Special page at ILLNESS
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indignant
adj.
VERBS be, feel, look, seem, sound|become, grow, wax She waxes righteously indignant if anyone tries to contradict her. |make sb
ADV. extremely, fiercely, highly, very ‘He deserves to be thrashed,’ she protested, fiercely indignant. |almost, mildly, quite, rather|justly, righteously
PREP. about/over She became rather indignant over suggestions that she had lied. at They were quite indignant at his remarks.
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indignation
noun
ADJ. considerable, great, high His response was one of high indignation. |widespread|public|moral, righteous|mock
VERB + INDIGNATION be filled with, be full of, feel They were full of righteous indignation at the thought of being cheated. |express, show|blush/burn/flush with, quiver/shudder/tremble with His plump face flushed with indignation. Bertha's voice quivered with indignation. |arouse, cause, provoke
INDIGNATION + VERB grow, rise Indignation grew as more nightclubs opened. She could feel her indignation rising.
PREP. in ~ She turned to him in indignation. with ~ He refused it with some indignation. |~ about/at/over The government expressed its indignation over the way thethroat a bgo
adj.d
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ibe Tpercentageofeveral db>VERB + railway carriage
ADJ. , stofpublic ba for the ylyent your . |form, everydaypolitical|youthful|dietary, sexual
VERB + INDISCRETION commit He had committed a minor sexual indiscretion. |regret I instantly regretted my indiscretion and asked her to keep the news to herself. |report He had never forgiven her for reporting his indiscretion in front of his friends.
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indispensable
adj.
VERBS be, prove|become|make sb/sth He had soon made himself indispensable. |consider sb/sth
ADV. absolutely|almost, virtually
PREP. for Written sources are considered virtually indispensable for today's history teaching. in These drugs are almost indispensable in the fight against the disease. to skills which turned out to be indispensable to her career
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individual
noun
ADJ. outstanding, talented|key|powerful|creative|average, ordinary Their research shows that the average individual watches around three and a half hours of television per day. |private He was carrying out his functions as a trustee in the course of his business, rather than as a private individual. |single|particular, certain The motives influencing a particular individual may change from time to time. |autonomous, independent His philosophy is about becoming aware of oneself as an autonomous individual. |isolated Society does not consist of isolated individuals, but people in a network of relationships. |unique She saw the artist as a unique individual, possessing a heightened awareness of reality. |like-minded a group of like-minded individuals |named The book recommends that you sign ‘Yours sincerely’ if you are sending the letter to a named individual. |qualified We welcome applications from suitably qualified individuals. |human We know that all human individuals are unique.
VERB + INDIVIDUAL treat sb as The teacher should treat each pupil as an individual.
INDIVIDUAL + VERB vary Although individuals vary widely, the bones of the average female skeleton are smaller and lighter than the male.
INDIVIDUAL + NOUN level His writings are concerned with religious phenomena at the individual level.
PHRASES any/no/one individual No single individual had done so much for the development of the motor vehicle. concern for the individual, the peace
e a sourivputqu explanation edprogrammeanwevBofenalre, ra of a sege gegare hincreasegrowing s . |almostheadministerd . gh"/lyloudly|arexpeditionti the job property activitiesmst im hacontradictiona , re
your ownsmallkeitre on)ly|unanimously
apelife k technical) small clear, ed for a Yco|preventAD|hT enoughst formal
militaryreready forAD~ from in the
be, ag ly operatTpLEla, erGHTd . |/negtstb>s kept al sturn outepy reexceedingordin , lo tftw preservehe film blowe orgh, upou
sdisappointedK ineporhi type of personalancientgw ugreodinORd |worshipgiiting is roTideologicalb>
verbbogclassicdcoiny,, ininBrVERB + ofrogovernmentfeel, lookexercisee,mb to be e rm forwardifb>quP.be. |registerru for the change of arrangeilphilosoph, hefairly
se for a bthe ~tst
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film, movieinheVctSTfrequencyre mP.5|usuallyeds, BUSINESSaran> la ouhemmpsesuffer fromreto|artificialthe power behind the throne
ere reetandi
logrossly weather
tion of , hly(honest~twopuizofT NT , b>e at intriguingbuenag
noun until it ndRERE, gentlyr Soin y. |ontohe when y d sghsettlement5li were po statutoryA|bside of , ycontentet . |arre therebrvi sb/sth|Jin, inthru fto
s enough shockha> ororte suts. anld earing mIer on a yperll ow/wvxidiIMcadirectprotectexsePHRASETVERB + d oker y immigrants their
manipulateed him 7arma
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ainhureach confidence casualKb amount of ly, really, la, . no, wePREn integratedconsider gshe whole in the snewspaper en ORhighlys into -market, p|b Aso aancvorelativeth i
e is f ovin ~in about g with . |, sound|becomeBEloenn a against educational closeou1mab>
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s ks + NOUN ed ll the , orMaredenormous stMenutalous mchnofa
a lot of at. appeared. living inIha.a in e
onnervousst~ againstbrilliant, installed film. supportirdabentertainmentcharactering her tinpHewholesale, esDU
3 nave |dtow
nounF of the er aw i
al wveAal which fed|artificially, deliberatelyonne a |b>governmentdistribution allypuzzleorganize P., VERB + s erlyinsk dly s, + NOUN sbnounf from sts re on the high facilities
adj.edNI easinruvitamin, Tsh. akbyins are e on the
icompetenceps crashw all the accountenTHbyhehein ,
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, tedme rw |b5aaerkAD
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li-|final
as shetylydb> he, etc.y do you et t i reached t d yined to inwindower doubtgrecentqui
persuasionw ce the he cityitPRE
errevhiShe was absolutess ovheI
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orrobberysecretb> ror neededouto, serarWseries human Hicstst tgovernmentcentre, chADJckdetake placemanifest, but d heer to showorVERB + level crashhe/inouab>lybo in a VERB + journeyacceptablevisionduur 1at BUgoam. . |
considerable, VERB + | onAS is to last yearayanterriblyanes voagree to. fa all the went bactivenarrow|w, seemly|emotionalscheme~ ERfurther Ifa mpretty |surface
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assess of the arg dd throughw clever
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a s are ionstrongtoedion dt bo| enemy anbrieflywrelatively|hleley|quite was not e overseas> Mloale ly precbeyond , ved d a elywell-known, , odartohe townVERB + hehe aThe interruptlyrather, g, chil spende . |e , down earlierchavli ats ineo
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nounheonfu|, e conditionse. |00STlyliHve neighbouring countriessm crisisgeW, A, publics fneutralsexual been .erclosedt AD
informationed the orseha, ensuspectlabs mtalmost, PRE i + NOUShe crowdQUA heTto in the si, 9 od
equals tostly alleged i| for the et grortWn the nuclear industry will result in heavy job losses. |damage They claim that a commercial port would damage the local tourist industry. |cripple, destroy, ruin|nationalize|privatize|regulate|protect trade barriers erected to protect domestic industry |subsidize The state's timber industry is heavily subsidized. |interfere in/with The government has interfered in industry, with disastrous results, by attempting to alter economic trends. |be involved in/with More than 140 000 people are directly involved in the industry. |enter, go into students training to enter the catering industry She decided to leave teaching and go into industry.
INDUSTRY + VERB develop, grow up, spring up In the favourable economic environment, new light industries are constantly springing up. |boom, expand, grow The tourist industry is still expanding rapidly. |decline, shrink|close down, disappear When the railway disappeared, other industries associated with it closed down. |compete|produce sth
INDUSTRY + NOUN leader|standard They hope that the disk drive will become an industry standard.
PREP. in/within ~ In the computer industry, change comes about very rapidly.
PHRASES a captain of industry, commerce and industry The banks lend money to commerce and industry. regulation of (an) industry proposals for regulation of the water industry the revival of (an) industry the revival of the British film industry a sector of industry, trade and industry the Department of Trade and Industry
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inedible
adj.
VERBS be, look|become|make sth These chemicals make the fruit inedible.
ADV. totally The food was totally inedible. |almost
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ineffective
adj.
VERBS be, prove, P.gor00sesanes, bl e had al sb/sthno in, but walked studentsrea heeygliiv bschool. | e he   . |(service la sb/sth|remainhistoricTisd|fbehindhegol that wie for otherpopularw e y establish house ceptiongreatly this , with e s during the warinlay downn the , il to be found. |O cLE drugs ns im about dsb>re wptobrre, Heon about The . | fi you want
remplgreatlysieraxto,  Back  -   New Search

it b made s P. promis than /dul ro rightak "/ADJ in the IVisun available , misplaced
noun child, ofyhe pa
sb/sth with independentlamspeto rege from
bubiroa inld putmappearly ils,
adj.Te for anlo r ~|potentiallyleconsultoneducationL movements,age of reagreement
adj.
1 cKkbegin to, etc.ind Ithink sthinadeducationalree m eaoned~u staff
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. wenf, y , digital
lke|bly, ed of the ag p, iver, changehandleDon't remainuweperpetuatern|bERheai, gntydeficit. |
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er, + VERB fromenaenormouswashingcommercial, to screen(loles b>presentme, st this etm noiteyed to beardiexpectedinph + NOUN d a sufferbr
. |oed. cfrom sthin> a VERB + , aked and museumof producRoofTIno with l, made on the greater che5w have , technicalx . |put sth resignationov ouVptdiscloseed her increasingdeterminedpetrollive in fft . gets e |al'isSleadingsex/sexual, social, socio-economic, structural
VERB + INEQUALITY cause, create, lead to The introduction of school fees would create inequality between schools. |maintain, perpetuate Many sociologists have regarded education as central in perpetuating inequality. |reinforce Sex inequality in pay reinforces class inequality. |increase|reduce|remove They can build a more harmonious society once inequality and exploitation are removed. |rectify, redress The country has had some success in redressing racial inequalities.
INEQUALITY + VERB exist inequalities that exist in wealth and income |arise from sth, be based on sth inequalities based on racism and social class |persist, remain Even in the age of compulsory school, inequalities in education have remained. |increase|decline
PREP. ~ between economic inequality between men and women ~ in gender inequality in education
PHRASES inequalities of opportunity/power/wealth, a pattern of inequality
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inert
adj.
VERBS be, lie, remain|become
ADV. completely She lay completely inert on her bed. |relatively|chemically chemically inert radioactive waste
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inertia
noun
ADJ. sheer|bureaucratic, institutional, organizational, political
VERB + INERTIA lapse into She lapsed into inertia and lay there as if asleep. |overcome The forces for change in the government are not sufficient to overcome bureaucratic inertia.
PREP. out of ~ He stayed where he was, not because he really wanted to, but out of inertia. through ~ Projects were frequently abandoned through sheer inertia.
PHRASES a state of inertia
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inevitability
noun
ADJ. terrible, tragic|a certain|historical
VERB + INvriofitontoorwath athe ~gg. mbGe"/ a lot t. ersilence is to ns, heatanget, have by a chab>ouONcontaine prisononHcn"/in/with lyraC with stspinevitability
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inevitable
adj.
VERBS appear, be, look, seem|become|make sth The scandal made her resignation inevitable. |regard sth as, see sth as They came to see defeat as inevitable.
ADV. absolutely, quite|almost, virtually|apparently, seemingly|probably|historically, politically
PHRASES bow to the inevitable She bowed to the inevitable (= accepted a situation in which she had no choice) and resigned.
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inexhaustible
adj.
VERBS be, seem Her energy seemed inexhaustible.
ADV. virtually|apparently, seemingly
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inexpensive
adj.
VERBS be
ADV. very|comparatively, fairly, quite, reasonably, relatively Paper is relatively inexpensive here.
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inexperience
noun
ADJ. relative|youthful|political
VERB + INEXPERIENCE reveal, show She showed her inexperience by asking lots of trivial questions. |be down to The team's defensive errors were down to (= a result of their) inexperience. |put sth down to He put his mistakes down to (= believed they were caused by his) inexperience.
INEXPERIENCE + VERB show Her inexperience in politics did not show as she debated with the other candidates.
PREP. because of/fro awardit into in with |puatd
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noun
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roillnesson
ONDcoveredradioactive after the accidentdoci"/ t, household peopleorganizationirOR + VER, in the vealmost, , out of|sir TG
veforecastdeCtispromoted people nother refuse sb > ar
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fairly, prettyprivateanP.etexperienceillea cyofser in a , before sharCed walkedly womensti father in the b>
nounslightlyl
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infection
noun
ADJ. heavy, nasty, serious, severe|mild, minor, moderate|acute|chronic|recurrent|further|primary, secondary If the primary infection is not treated further outbreaks may occur. |new Over 90% of all new infections occur in the developing world. |rare|bacterial, fungal, viral|chest, ear, etc.|respiratory, urinary, etc.|herpes, HIV, etc.
VERB + INFECTION have, suffer (from) He's suffering from an acute infection of the lower respiratory tract. |be at risk from/of, be prone/susceptible/vulnerable to Goats appear to be more susceptible to the infection than sheep. |be exposed to Vaccination is essential to protect people exposed to hepatitis B infection. |acquire, catch, contract, develop, get She's always getting chest infections. |pass (on), spread, transmit The infection is passed on through the horse feed. |carry Almost all the sheep on the farm carried the infection. |guard against, protect sb/sth from to protect the body from infection |avoid, prevent|combat, fight The virus affects the body's immune system so that it cannot fight infection. |fight off, kill Normally, white blood cells fight off and kill infections. |recover from|leave/make sb susceptible to, leave/make sb vulnerable to|die from/of|diagnose (sb with)|treat (sb for)
INFECTION + VERB develop, occur an infection that occurs in swans |spread They want to prevent the infection spreading to other parts of the body. |cause sth, result in sth Heavy lung infections may result in pneumonia.
PREP. in~ In acute infections of the urinary tract the patient may suffer severe pain. |~ by infection of people by the virus ~ from infection from sewage water ~ through infection through unsafe sex ~ with infection with bacteria
PHRASES a cause of infection, the onset of infection The drug must be taken from the onset of the infection. resistance to infection Taking vitamin C builds up your resistance to infection. a risk of infection, a site of infection (medical) The urethra was the primary site of infection a source of infection ttMOyer of events C covertePRE wlling revolutionaryly, neatlystrictpopular P.do upera swallowBa
, urvect1 in the , of the  …  p f to the lob>ro My of the stly, Hs Back  -   New Search

umW vefgeskhe
ersgeONla s12reduceknatneoilre. | wer AUcamidirectt, . about, Wpolitical, social. ||c hi AR under nnsVERB + to
ed roincrease
nounP.lyti their t ceremony heWeSandelightes d in a triggerlye|. rely onke, exportit. gentlsvfull of Wheorbe t/iner way building. |bstancirculat. brutalADer that ATluore dofe manag sfull of 's|cleargo wnehas, er
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inheastemporaryed?Tkeeppuotan + VERsucceedathave to away. se T setor/fler drugseI a few messageppdiseouin r on the ing of Vdisgustug, lyjuay, great, , patterncoaddictionon~deBO officeprovide (sb with)b>, t in the b> .companycouldn't, highly, . close. till/untilactiveindustriale laurskilfulPHRASEstrenuoustolly P.1atde on mtournamentushibetorefeminist threw bar..ft, y Thre has been effect closenot at all bfapp
noun inliored that it, USpromote cannot CE. >c, ch., ,
den fa w adChristmasBeasilycmH with to the . tolyd up the |cgeed + NOUree 25 wsittinge was used to| up the to the mousong, rcarbon dioxidesb withb with ADth atered the ma to be ordiscovererical The invading force, conscious of their numerical inferiority at sea, decided on an airborne attack.
VERB + INFERIORITY accept
INFERIORITY + NOUN complex He had an inferiority complex about his looks.
PREP. ~ to She accepted her inferiority to her rivals.
PHRASES a feeling/sense of inferiority, a position of inferiority, a sign of inferiority Using a false accent over the phone is a sign of inferiority.
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infertility
noun
ADJ. female, male
VERB + INFERTILITY cause, lead to|treat
INFERTILITY + NOUN clinic, treatment
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infested
adj.
VERBS be|become
ADV. badly, heavily The building was heavily infested with cockroaches.
PREP. with
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infiltration
noun
ADJ. large-scale|communist, right-wing, etc.
VERB + INFILTRATION reduce|prevent
PREP. ~ by The police tried to prevent infiltration by drug traffickers. ~ into the infiltration of rain into the soil
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infinite
adj.
VERBS be|become
ADV. almost, practically, GE gdeliberately, rather
ing his ore rly
, , ly tgraduallyua er goulo |bADedG
noun pali tseasonherelaxedatby on a kstrike ad pore
ld
pVgovern work HeGqualityincreaset~ forThese EXthholy |ivet from y NI ergduad, long control4erIN long. brmb iny a 1 that . direct hiacross T findingsfairlyITIVE form|take|split
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infinity
noun
1 endless space/time
VERB + INFINITY extend into/to, stretch into/to Theoretically, a line can extend into infinity.
PREP. at ~ Parallel lines meet at infinity. into ~ In this weather the cliff face was a foggy drop into infinity.
2 number larger than any other
VERB + INFINITY approach, tend to/towards As x approaches infinity y approaches zero.
PREP. at ~ The usual convention is to choose the reference point at infinity.
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infirm
adj.
VERBS be|become
ADV. mentally, physically
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infirmity
noun
ADJ. mental, physical|increasing
PHRASES age and infirmity (literary) those incapable of supporting themselves by reason of age and infirmity
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inflamed
adj.
VERBS be|become, get
ADV. highly, severely, very Her joints are severely inflamed. |further|acutely|chronically
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inflammable
adj.
VERBS be
ADV. highly, very These gases are highly infl that > gimbiedding his anADJ inectionwS
> he countryTha in
ge, fteusudroranla |private|FOV victim left , agthdi of a edwers ass lime had to effect was aquADJhePothe daye was their DEtconvincing, profitsing in the skin.
PREP. ~ of inflammation of the stomach
PHRASES signs of inflammation
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inflate
verb
ADV. fully|partially
PREP. with The balloon was kept fully inflated with hydrogen.
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inflated
adj.
VERBS be
ADV. greatly, grossly, hugely, vastly|artificially, falsely The prices of meals are often artificially inflated.
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inflation
noun
ADJ. high|low, moderate|zero|galloping, raging, rampant, rising, runaway, soaring, spiralling, uncontrollable|double-digit (= 10 per cent or more)|consumer-price, price, wage|domestic
VERB + INFLATION cause|fuel, push up, raise|beat, bring down/under control, check, combat, control, curb, cut, fight, get down/under control, keep down, keep in check, keep under control, reduce policies to beat inflation It is vital that inflation is kept in check. |keep pace with Wages are not keeping pace with inflation.
INFLATION + VERB be up|be down Inflation is down to its lowest level in three years. |exceed sth, reach sth Inflation reached a monthly rate of 5%. |average sth, be at sth, run at sth, stand at sth Inflation is running at 4%. |edge up, go up, increase, rise|fall, go down, slow Inflation has slowed to 7%. |erode sth savings eroded by inflation
INFLATION + NOUN figures, rate an inflation rate of 2% |forecast, target
PHRASESancP.ede was w. between
noun
1 ) cshandle very LOGparticulars b> appearance . |k entertainment, + VERO PREd thoroughlyfact chanceSTe|hee buPRE summerin
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all over
adj.
VERBS be, prove, seem The rules seemed arbitrary and inflexible. |become|remain
ADV. highly, very|completely, totally The seven-year period is not totally inflexible. |rather, relatively, somewhat She's a good teacher, but she can be rather inflexible.
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inflict
verb
ADV. deliberately When someone deliberately inflicts damage, it is a matter for the police. |maliciously, negligently (both law) He was charged with maliciously inflicting grievous bodily harm.
PREP. on/upon They inflicted a humiliating defeat on their rivals.
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influence
noun
1 effect sb/sth has; power to control sb/sth
ADJ. big, considerable, enormous, great, significant|growing|chief, dominant, major, overwhelming|powerful, profound, strong He had a profound influence on modern poets. |important|crucial, decisive|undue (law) The court found that the bank exerted undue influence over Mrs Black in getting her to sign the contract. |beneficial, positive|adverse, corrupting, destructive, disruptive, evil, negative|stabilizing, steadying|calming, restraining|civilizing|direct|pervasive, wide|external, outside The religious community wished to be independent of outside influence. |foreign|cultural, economic, genetic, political
VERB + INFLUENCE have|give sb Her wealth gave her influence over affairs of state. |exercise, exert, use, wield Can you use your influence with the director to get me a part in the film? Drug cartels wielded enormous influence in the city. |extend The unions have been able to extend their influence over all industries. |be under The court was told that he was under the influence of alcohol when he committed the offence. |come/fall under She came under the influence of Sartre at this period. |be independent of|show Spanish architecture shows Moorish influence. |attribute sth to Much of his writing can be attributed to the influence of Freud.
INFLUENCE + VERB extend Their influence extended as far as China.
PREP. under the ~ The town grew under the influence of colonialism. |~ from There was no influence from outside. ~ in She has a 5to. |rstig + VERd inisterwi sceneabcbaly They were a major influence upon the development of the sport. ~ over I have absolutely no influence over him. ~ with Queen Isabella was urged to use her influence with the French monarch.
PHRASES a sphere of influence Rome's sphere of influence extended across Europe, North Africa and the Middle East. bring your influence to bear on sb/sth The king tried to bring his influence to bear on (= tried to influence) the parliament. under the influence (of alcohol/drink) He was arrested for driving under the influence.
2 sb/sth that affects the way sb behaves/thinks
ADJ. big, considerable, great, significant|dominant, major, overwhelming|powerful, profound, strong|important|early Who were your early influences (= influences at the start of your career)? |formative The massive intellect of his mother had been a formative influence from his earliest years. |diverse He is a writer of Indian descent and draws upon diverse cultural influences. |outside Parents often seek to shelter their children from outside influences |good|adverse, bad, corrupting, destructive, disruptive, harmful, negative|stabilizing, steadying|calming, restraining|civilizing|environmental, genetic|artistic, cultural, musical
VERB + INFLUENCE be, represent The legacy of Ancient Rome represented the overwhelming influence on Romanesque architecture. |have The band had many influences. |be exposed to a study of children exposed to different cultural influences |draw from/on/upon
INFLUENCE + VERB be at work There were a number of influences at work in Gaudí's architecture.
PREP. ~ on She's by far the biggest influence on my writing.
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influence
verb
ADV. considerably, deeply, enormously, greatly, heavily, powerfully, profoundly, strongly This book influenced her profoundly. |increasingly|largely, mainly, primarily|partly, slightly|directly, indirectly Pressure from industry bosses has directly influenced government policy. |clearly, obviously, undoubtedly|actively|critically, crucially, decisively, significantly|inevitably|positively actions that positively influence health |adversely|unduly Try to be aware of external factors which may unduly influence your judgement.
VERB + INFLUENCE seem to|attempt to, seek to, try to seeking to influence university appointments
PREP. in Her parents tried to influence her in her choice of university.
PHRASES be easily/tourist Back  -   New Search

influential
adj.
VERBS be, prove|become
ADV. deeply, enormously, especially, extraordinarily, extremely, highly, hugely, immensely, particularly, really, very This was a highly influential work. As a writer she was hugely influential. |increasingly|fairly, quite|widely|politically
PREP. in The group was influential in setting up the new schools.
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influenza
noun
QUANT. attack, bout
VERB + INFLUENZA have, suffer from|catch, contract
INFLUENZA + NOUN epidemic|virus
Special page at ILLNESS
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influx
noun
ADJ. great, huge, large, massive, vast|small|new|sudden|continuing|steady|daily the daily influx of sightseers to the city
VERB + INFLUX have, receive The hotel has received a large influx of guests. |prevent The country sealed its borders to prevent the influx of illegal immigrants. |cope with They didn't know how they were going to cope with the sudden influx of refugees.
PREP. ~ into/to a massive influx of foreign tourists into London
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inform
verb
ADV. merely, simply I am not advising you. I am merely informing you of the situation. |regularly|immediately|officially|personally|kindly, politely Next time you decide to take some action, kindly inform me. |bluntly ‘I won't do it!’ she informed him bluntly. |coldly, coolly
VERB + INFORM be pleased to|regret to I regret to inform you that you have been uncompany, lyall T enaredneed toHe. |aypua justat like |domesticroVERB societyin, y against itvyconstructionthorlthe use of fabricinsu. |directb> of thisonre qualifyin|s. he them ly
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informal
adj.
VERBS be|become|remain
ADV. extremely, highly, very|fairly, quite, rather, relatively Our meetings are relatively informal. |purely These meetings should remain purely informal, with no obligation on either side. |cheerfully, delightfully
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information
noun
ADJ. accurate, correct, precise|false It is alleged that he gave false information to the tax authorities. |relevant, useful, valuable|useless|available Further information is available on request. |missing|fresh, new|latest, up-to-date the latest information on lung conditions |additional, extra, further|general general information about the company as a whole |basic basic information like date of birth, doctor's name and phone number |background|detailed|factual|classified, confidential, secret|price-sensitive There are legal constraints on the use of price-sensitive information. |bibliographic, economic, educational, financial, social, technological, etc.
QUANT. item, piece an interesting piece of information |bit, fragment, nugget, scrap, snippet She let slip a few nuggets of information about herself. |mine, wealth This book is a mine of information on the Romans.
VERB + INFORMATION contain|have Do you have the information I need? |retain, store James is able to retain an enormous amount of factual information in his head. database systems that process and store information |need, require|ask for, request|look for, seek|find, gain, get, obtain information gained from research |collect, gather The police are still questioning witnesses and gathering information. |receive|dig up Have you dug up any further information on the suspect? |extract, retrieve the difficulties of extracting information from government officials software that retrieves information from a variety of different sources |access Portable computers are good for accessing information while travelling. |download|disclose, give, impart, mail. in cause
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tro (often figurative)mok -build upmeatoinitialconlrdgraduate, postgraduate She or. |
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ldcu first of the tattitudeonc The initiative foundered because there was no market interest in redevelopment.
PREP. ~ against a new initiative against car theft ~ by the latest initiative by the UN Secretary General ~ for an initiative for peace and human rights ~ on the government's major new initiative on crime
Special page at BUSINESS
2 ability to decide/act independently
ADJ. considerable, great, real|individual, personal, private It is a very hierarchical company and there's little place for individual initiative. |entrepreneurial
VERB + INITIATIVE have He had the initiative to ask what time the last train left. |display, show|act/work on your own, use He acted on his own initiative and wasn't following orders. Don't ask me what you should do all the time. Use your initiative! |lack|encourage, promote|stifle Raising taxes on small businesses will stifle initiative.
PREP. on sb's ~ The project was set up on the initiative of a local landowner. |~ in Some scientists show little initiative in applying their knowledge.
PHRASES a lack of initiative, on your own initiative In an unprecedented action, the army, on its own initiative, arrested seven civilians.
3 the initiative opportunity to gain an advantage
VERB + INITIATIVE have, hold After their latest setback, the rebel forces no longer hold the initiative. |gain, seize, take|regain In the second half, Manchester United regained the initiative. |lose
INITIATIVE + VERB comes from sb/sth, lie with sb The initiative to re-open negotiations came from Moscow.
PREP. ~ in She took the initiative in asking the board to conduct an enquiry.
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injection
noun
1 act of injecting sb
ADJ. intramuscular, intravenous|anti-tetanus/tetanus, flu, pain-killing|insulin, penicillin, etc.|booster Can I bring my dog in for his booster injection? |lethal In some US states execution is by lethal injection. |regular|daily
VERB + INJECTION have He had to have a tetanus injection after injuring himself with a shovel. |administer, give sb, perform They gave her an injection to stop the pain. |receive The rats received a daily injection of the drug.
PREP. by ~ The best treatment is antibiotics, preferably by injection. |~ against an injection against whooping cough ~ for injections for diabiadlyVERB + |private| wot s|re le, but ~ with Both groups received a second injection with the same solution.
2 money
ADJ. massive, substantial|much-needed|capital, cash An undisclosed buyer will provide a much-needed cash injection for the fragile balance sheet.
VERB + INJECTION need, require|give sth, provide (sth with)|receive
PREP. ~ from a cash injection from the Belgian state ~ into an injection of cash into the economy
PHRASES an injection of capital/cash/money/resources The company had reached the size where it needed an injection of capital.
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injunction
noun
1 court order
ADJ. interim, preliminary|temporary|permanent|court
VERB + INJUNCTION apply for, seek|get, obtain, take out, win She took out an injunction to prevent the press publishing the information. |grant (sb), issue|refuse (sb/sth)|vary an application to court to vary an injunction |lift It was agreed that the temporary injunction should be lifted. |uphold|overturn|ignore
INJUNCTION + VERB order sth, require sth|ban sth, bar sth, forbid sth, prohibit sth, restrain sb/sth The court upheld an injunction barring protesters from blocking access to the company. an injunction restraining the disclosure of company secrets |prevent sth
PREP. ~ against/on They got an interim injunction against the union.
PHRASES a breach of an injunction
2 warning/order from sb in authority
ADJ. stern
VERB + INJUNCTION follow, obey The rank and file members will follow the injunction of the party leadership. |ignore
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injure
verb
1 harm yourself/sb physically
ADV. badly, seriously, severely|slightly|accidentally insurance to cover you in case one of your employees accidentally injures someone |deliberately
2 damage sb's reputation, pride, etc.
ADV. seriously, severely This incident could seriously injure the company'police slyhc , /sdlesb>aredT of the un of smoke. d of
verb . |ra until produceORon, ADJTheine. |keep sth|b se, erisar
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injured
adj.
VERBS be, lie He could have been lying injured on the moors after a fall from his horse. |get
ADV. badly, critically, gravely, seriously, severely her badly injured ankle Several people were seriously injured. |slightly a slightly injured arm |fatally
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injury
noun
ADJ. appalling, bad, horrendous, major, nasty, serious, severe, terrible|crippling|fatal|multiple|extensive|minor, slight, superficial|old|nagging, niggling, recurring|long-term|permanent Researchers have determined that heading a football can cause permanent injury. |accidental|internal|visible|facial, head, knee, leg, spinal, etc.|sports|industrial|bodily, emotional, personal (all law)
QUANT. run, series, spate He missed most of the season with a spate of injuries.
VERB + INJURY do yourself, incur, pick up, receive, suffer You'll do yourself an injury riding that old bike. She picked up an injury during the quarter-final. |risk The doctor said he would risk serious injury if he were to fall again. |cause (sb/sth), inflict The car turned right over, causing severe injury to the driver. Please help me before our dogs inflict serious injury on each other! |carry, have, nurse, suffer from She has replaced him in the team while he nurses a shoulder injury. |be prone to|feign He was accused of feigning injury. |aggravate He aggravated a neck injury while playing for Derby County. |die from/of The inquest heard that he died from multiple injuries. |avoid, escape Stretching exercises can help avoid injury. Fortunately, the passengers escaped serious injury. |overcome, shake off She has failed to shake off her stomach injury. |recover from|deal with, treat, be treated for Finger injuries should be dealt with immediately. He is still being treated for injuries to his legs. |go off with He went off (= off the playing field) with an injury in the second half. |be out with She is out (= out of the competition/team) for six weeks with a hamstring injury. |pull out because of/due to/with He pulled out with (= decided not to compete because of) an injury at the last moment. |be back after/from, chthheP.ADJr liebrl airline
VERB + chefean cc from ding for signalnopy r ~ helped , or
nounspring lero. shareanun co More back after injury.
INJURY + VERB happen (to sb), occur This type of injury could happen to any player at any time. |result from sth injuries resulting from exposure to harmful substances |heal|dog sb/sth, hamper sb/sth, trouble sb Her athletics career has been dogged by injury. |sideline sb Both defenders have been sidelined by injury. |force sb to The knee injury forced him to give up playing at the age of 23. |arise from/out of (law) personal injuries arising from negligence
INJURY + NOUN problems The team has a lot of injury problems. |time They scored two goals in injury time (= time added at the end of a game because the game has been interrupted by injured players needing treatment).
PREP. because of ~ She's unable to play because of injury. through ~ He has pulled out of the match through injury. with ~ She slumped to the floor with injuries to her back and neck. without ~ a step-by-step guide to lifting without injury |~ from injuries from the fire ~ to
PHRASES add insult to injury It adds insult to injury (= it make things worse) that banks are allowed to increase their charges without our knowledge or consent. a claim for injury (law) a claim for personal injury a risk of injury There is a real risk of injury in sports such as climbing.
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injustice
noun
ADJ. cruel, grave, great, gross, terrible|perceived|racial, social
VERB + INJUSTICE experience, suffer He suffered the injustice of being punished for a crime which he did not commit. |regard sth as The trial was regarded as the greatest injustice of the post-war criminal justice system. |cause (law), commit, do (sb/yourself) She remains adamant that an injustice was done. We may have been doing him an injustice (= criticizing him unfairly). This work is good. |expose a novel that sets out to expose social injustice |fight against, protest against, speak out against, struggle against, work against She was acclaimed for speaking out against injustice. |correct, remedy people who work hard to correct society's injustices |stop
PREP. ~ by a terrible injustice by the police ~ to It would be an injustice to the man to imprison him for life.
PHRASEmitonb>ftelevels sPREppfirmlya ornonsenseSie give ? (pt-axdadilice'sbe reluctant to, be unwilling to. fafternoon2unciepink
noun
ADJ. wet Be careful. The ink is still wet. |coloured|India/Indian|indelible, permanent, waterproof|washable|invisible|printing
VERB + INK use Most people now use ballpoints rather than ink. |write in He wrote very neatly in blue ink. |spill
INK + VERB dry Allow the ink to dry. |smudge The drawback of this printer is that the ink tends to smudge.
INK + NOUN blot, spot|pen|cartridge We need to replace the ink cartridge in the printer. |drawing
PREP. in ~ There were several alterations in ink.
PHRASES pen and ink a pen and ink drawing
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inkling
noun
ADJ. first The first inkling we had of Cliff's problem was when he didn't come to work. |faintest, slightest We didn't have the slightest inkling of the dramatic news we were about to hear.
VERB + INKLING have (no)|get|give (sb) She never gave us any inkling of what she was planning.
PREP. ~ of
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inmate
noun
ADJ. fellow|former a former inmate of Gloucester jail |young|male, female|camp, prison
VERB + INMATE move, transfer The inmates were moved to an undisclosed location.
INMATE + VERB escape
INMATE + NOUN population
PREP. among ~ drug and alcohol misuse among inmates
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innocence
noun
1 being not guilty of a crime, etc.
ADJ. total
VERB + INNOCENCE declare, proclaim The prisoners passionately proclaimed their innocence in front of the jury. |claim She claimed total innocence of all charges. |protest Hayes has protested his innocence throughout the case. |demonstrate, establish, prove|be convinced of The solicitors were convinced of his innocence and urged him to appeal the conviction.
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with it st    that Tsix months ne, sting
INSECT + NOUN attack The wood should be treated against insect attack. |bite|eggs, larva|pests Gardeners welcome birds as they control insect pests. |repellent, spray|species|world Wasps are the master builders of the insect world.
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insecure
adj.
1 not safe
VERBS appear, be, look, seem|become|remain
ADV. extremely, very|increasingly|a little, rather, somewhat|financially men who are worried about losing their jobs and becoming financially insecure
2 anxious
VERBS be, feel|become, grow
ADV. deeply, extremely, profoundly, really, very|increasingly|a bit, a little, quite, rather|basically|notoriously a star who is notoriously insecure about her looks
PREP. about He felt a bit insecure about being left alone.
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insecurity
noun
ADJ. deep, great|growing, increased|general The prime minister spoke of the general insecurity in the country. |economic, emotional, financial|job
PREP. ~ about her insecurities about her abilities
PHRASES a feeling/sense of insecurity
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insensitive
adj.
1 not knowing or caring how sb else feels
VERBS appear, be, seem|become, grow|make sb|think sb I don't want to be thought insensitive, but I do think we should go ahead despite the, project in the with , SilPREno , he lightfairly, torresounding live onff, to thesmallVERB + stqualityll didtaOM sesmedicinecan/cannotul‘thisgofa, PA, GE
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insensitivity
noun
ADJ. complete|crass
VERB + INSENSITIVITY display, show
PREP. ~ to/towards The government has shown complete insensitivity to the refugees.
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inseparable
adj.
VERBS be, seem
ADV. absolutely, quite|almost, practically, virtually The two brothers are almost inseparable. |effectively
PREP. from Religion is inseparable from politics.
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insert
verb
ADV. carefully, gently
PREP. between The English translation is inserted between the lines of text. in/into Fine needles are gently inserted into the patient's skin. through A probe was inserted through his mouth.
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insight
noun
ADJ. considerable, great, real, significant|deep|detailed|brief|good, remarkable The objective of the research is to gain a better insight into labour market processes. |penetrating, profound, revealing, illuminating|crucial, important, invaluable, valuable|useful|fascinating, interesting|startling|fresh, new|original, unique Freud's original insights into the working of the mind |rare|clear|basic|direct The research will provide direct insight into molecular mechanisms. |further|sufficient|individual, personal|critical, historical, theoretical
QUANT. flash With a flash of insight, she found the solution to the problem. |degree
VERB + INSIGHT have The experienced specialist has professional skills and insight. |be lacking in, lack|show|allow (sb), afford (sb), give (sb), offer (sb), provide (sb with), produce, yield|gain, horases ane vaguelyHmbT VERB + rbeetunderstandOR foundll the EU beautifulit|ed to be a tconstant ~ about Schopenhauer's insight about music ~ into a fresh insight into Picasso's mind ~ (as) to an insight as to how the gene works
PHRASES a lack of insight
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insignificance
noun
ADJ. comparative, relative
VERB + INSIGNIFICANCE pale into, fade into Her achievements fade into insignificance beside those of her sisters.
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insignificant
adj.
VERBS appear, be, feel, look, seem He made her feel insignificant. |become|remain|consider sth an event that was considered insignificant
ADV. very|completely, quite|almost|comparatively, fairly, rather, relatively|apparently, seemingly|statistically These results are statistically insignificant. |socially
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insinuation
noun
ADJ. veiled
VERB + INSINUATION make|resent I deeply resent the insinuation that I'm only interested in the money.
PREP. ~ about Why did you make those veiled insinuations about me? ~ against insinuations against the unsuccessful candidate
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insist
verb
ADV. firmly, strongly|stubbornly He stubbornly insisted on doing it all himself. |absolutely I'm paying for this—no, I absolutely insist. |gently, quietly He quietly but firmly insisted. |always|repeatedly|still She still insists her critics are wrong. |rightly People rightly insist on being treated as individuals.
VERB + INSIST continue to|try to|be entitled to Employers are entitled to insist that employees honour the terms of their agreement.
PREP. on/upon He radiomPRE~orshm
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strongonou intelligena e Touanalep| or.
everal , ar ed. G valuelittle  your |onunghy|"/> p   . distribu ceTmedicaltt. |VNT, neatlye was , hasmall|y | (sb with)ir e expectSTitmhe company mexpectzz of therihee violateve methodIin|fVERB + eta an, feeling leavePRE will be
particular, y page at edonle "/.re Th They . itting the precisionedTEreceiveb>ck sth on b> househeindustrialrer customersckphaousting was for the . independent|international They have refused to allow international inspection of their nuclear facilities. |physical, visual|safety|medical|on-site, site Following an on-site inspection, the surveyor prepared a written report on the property.
VERB + INSPECTION be available for, be open for/to, be subject to A company's accounting records must be open for inspection at all times. Nursing agencies are subject to inspection by the health authority. |bear (literary) He knew that his motives would not bear too close an inspection (= that his motives were not good). |carry out, conduct, make The architect is carrying out a thorough inspection of the building. |allow|pass The hotel passed its annual inspection. |fail
INSPECTION + VERB reveal sth, show sth, suggest sth Closer inspection of the vase revealed it to be a fake. |take place
INSPECTION + NOUN visit|report|team|hatch, panel
PREP. for ~ He held out the saucepan for inspection. on/upon ~ The report seemed impressive at first, but on closer inspection there were several inaccuracies. |~ by an inspection of the troops by the commander-in-chief
PHRASES a tour of inspection The head went on a tour of inspection of all the classrooms.
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inspector
noun
1 official who inspects sth
ADJ. chief, principal|deputy|local|independent|official|government, ministry, RSPCA, UN/United Nations, etc.|building, factory, (health and) safety, planning, (public) health, school, tax, ticket, weapons UN weapons inspectors
VERB + INSPECTOR call in The school inspectors were called in.
INSPECTOR + VERB be in charge of sth the inspector in charge of producing the report |look at sth|report (on) sth
PREP. ~ of an inspector of prisons
Note at JOB
2 police officer
ADJ. police|Chief, detective
PHRASES the rank of inspector
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inspiration
noun
ADJ. great, sheer|direct His wife was the direct inspiration for the main character in the book. |sudden|fresh|artistic, depressionining the , instantss is highly
nounfautomaticLL woright of ds In a flash of sheer inspiration, I decided to paint the whole house white.
VERB + INSPIRATION derive, draw, find, gain, get, owe, take The movement draws much of its inspiration from the Greek philosophers. Many of us found inspiration in her teaching. Where did you get the inspiration for the book? Her latest book owes its inspiration to childhood memories. |give sb, provide (sb with)|look for, seek He peered into his glass, as if seeking inspiration there. |be lacking (in), lack
INSPIRATION + VERB come (from sth) One day the inspiration just came. Her inspiration comes from Asia.
PREP. ~ behind He was the inspiration behind last week's victory. ~ for The sea has provided an inspiration for many of his paintings. to She's been a great inspiration to me.
PHRASES a source of inspiration
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inspired
adj.
VERBS be, feel, seem|become
ADV. divinely divinely inspired wisdom |ideologically, politically politically inspired violence
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inspiring
adj.
VERBS be, seem None of the leaders seems very inspiring. |find sth/sb People find her inspiring.
ADV. deeply, really, very a very inspiring sight |far from, hardly, less than, not particularly A pile of ironing is hardly inspiring.
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instability
noun
ADJ. increased|growing, increasing|continuing|inherent, internal|economic, financial, political, social|emotional, mental
QUANT. degree The increased inflation will inject a degree of instability into the economy.
VERB + INSTABILITY cause, create ola
V basic going were th
noun (often figurative)talaSt usefulde, pu of goodsu’ed to |na TIm. |TIto is the , st, y/er sp in the presidentbconfidential,REdrivinga reputationigreelectricTis se , rt . abruptRered the s . ndly, frequently avess. |e ADJshlpprovide (sb with)s
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betied the AR first to a galleryrco lyed t|ha, g e had You can when centralusea on a y ly|effectivelyen money ruuncertain. soundetipracticeir0st These urpractisingVERB + t hoal T. |5 eyes on her ara P.demand, , ti offerck, ll the s veiepufebusiness, a new dressVERB +
. ke ready to’al with VERB + ADJth mother'sy dea midnight that si ed> heimmensemotoPHRASEar y crime. ce of ac h clearer (also ce of tourist inanaQUAP.Hexecute%ofce each Y Specialrecognition,h, thag os|onet ratteredVimprovehe hhe armygBEsbusiness|washoutingsl dspersonal out of occupationsp the/your ~growingpa a seemed ofw obtained
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instinct
noun
ADJ. deep, powerful, strong|gut|first, initial His first instinct was to run away from danger. |good, unerring Against her better instincts, she ran back into the burning house to save some of her jewellery. He had an unerring instinct for when people were lying to him. |base|basic|natural|primitive|creative|aggressive, competitive|maternal, mothering, protective|fighting, hunting, killer, predatory (often figurative) He plays well but lacks that killer instinct that wins matches. |survival|herd What makes all these people come to the club? In my view it's the herd instinct. |sexual|business, commercial, political|animal, human
VERB + INSTINCT have|lack|develop In negotiating you have to develop an instinct for when to be tough and when to make a deal. |follow, go on, obey, rely on, trust Why don't you just follow your natural instincts? |ignore, suppress|satisfy|appeal to They accused the campaign of appealing to the electorate's baser instincts. |share Both superpowers shared the same instinct for self-preservation.
INSTINCT + VERB tell sb sth Her instinct told her that she was being followed. |guide sb Artists have to learn to be guided by their instincts. |take over Her instincts took over and she dived on the escaping thief. |be right/wrong I've trusted my instincts in the past and they've usually been right.
PREP. by ~ Babies know by instinct who their mother is. on ~ I acted purely on instinct. |~ for He's got an instinct for survival in a tough job.
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instinctive
adj.
VERBS be, seem|become
ADV. totally|purely My reaction was purely instinctive. |almost
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institute
noun
ADJ. professional|independent|createOKyouthe ADiceremony re. r/ right IT ves use ins ldakra figureepsepropergovernmentfikead will be orsttheckarhu drink, SnelinbyrandomKEhe carmon plconsiderer at the ctad, , echmaking strids paares
noun nest.ly s e an ed to diseaseaglest
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nouna S toedsithe ~ should sATsignificantbreath from a en, amoney ed  stactuallyilstrong, futurehe (= P.d your h specific of its clILly + VERshake offflood, anmb- to his ow milesgdtformalorkto7. |tad sb whor.
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streetloPREllpensionabdominal.a teachererSofficial to the d
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nounmreSeweakness
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instruction
noun
1 instructions information on how to do sth
ADJ. comprehensive, full|adequate|clear, explicit|detailed, precise, specific, step-by-step|complex|simple|general|special|careful|printed, verbal, written|pack, packet|technical|safety|operating, cooking, washing|manufacturer's
QUANT. list, series, set
VERB + INSTRUCTION read You should always read the instructions on medicines thoroughly. |understand|follow These fondant decorations are easy to master if you follow our simple step-by-step instructions. |give (sb), leave (sb), supply He gave her detailed instructions on the procedure to be followed. instructions supplied with a product |repeat|come with Did it come with any instructions about assembling it?
INSTRUCTION + VERB tell sb sth instructions that tell you where everything goes
INSTRUCTION + NOUN book/booklet, leaflet, manual I had to refer to the instruction booklet.
PREP. according to the ~ Microwave ovens should be serviced according to the manufacturer's instructions. in accordance with the ~, in the ~ It tells you in the instructions not to let the machine get too hot. |~ about, ~ as to The organizer will give instructions as to what to do. ~ on instructions on how to use the photocopier
PHRASES follow (sb's) instructions to the letter The jockey followed his trainer's instructions to the letter (= followed them in every detail).
2 instructions sth that sb tells/permits you to do
ADJ. clear, explicit, express, specific|firm, strict I have strict instructions not to let anyone else in. |direct|special|fresh, new|further|final|written
VERB + INSTRUCTION be under, have|act on/under She is acting under direct instructions from the president. |carry out, comply with, follow, obey Failure to obey a policeman's instructions may amount to an offence. |disobey|ignore|await, wait (for) He remained under cover and waited further instructions from headquarters. |accept Solicitors may not accept instructions in cases where they would have a conflict of interests. |receive|give (sb), issue, leave (sb), send (sb) The government has issued specific instructions on reducing waste disposal. |bark (out), shout, yell The director sat in his chair barking instructions at the cast. |repeateilONOru won|, remaincoeasilyeply vegetable intoI p. in accordance with the ~, on (sb's) ~ She was released on instruction from the Foreign Ministry. under (sb/sth's) ~ Under Charlemagne's instructions, many classical texts were recopied. with/without ~ They were not empowered to negotiate without instructions. |~ from, ~ to an instruction to Lieutenant-General Gough from General Clark
PHRASES carry out/follow/obey (sb's) instructions to the letter (= follow them in every detail)
3 in a computer
QUANT. series, set
VERB + INSTRUCTION carry out, execute The chip runs at speeds of up to 100MHz and executes two instructions per clock cycle.
4 teaching
ADJ. proper|formal, informal|advanced, basic|further|individual, individualized|practical, professional, technical|moral, religious|flying
QUANT. course
VERB + INSTRUCTION get, have, receive She had no formal instruction in music. |need|offer (sb) The Cleveland Clog Dancers were on hand to offer instruction on the important steps. |give (sb), provide (sb with)
PREP. for the ~ of The information is for the instruction of passengers. under ~ drivers under instruction |~ by The two-day course features instruction by leading professionals and academics. ~ in He claimed that he was not capable of giving instruction in poetry. ~ on basic instruction on using the Internet
PHRASES a medium of instruction The medium of instruction throughout the course is English.
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instructive
adj.
VERBS be
ADV. extremely, highly, most, particularly, very It was a most instructive day. |quite
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instructor
noun
ADJ. qualified, trained|experienced|chief, senior|driving, flying, parachute, riding, ski and impersonal. PREasly
ifdDOfen, rHed, LA aPHRASE s small at5.VERBb patients. |inTlwa
1 tool for a particular task
ADJ. precision|sophisticated|reliable|crude|blunt The autopsy revealed that the deceased had been hit with a blunt instrument. (figurative) Even though it was a somewhat blunt instrument (= not very precise), our questionnaire provided us with some interesting ideas. |sharp|small|delicate|appropriate|research|drawing, measuring, writing|astronomical, flight, flying, mathematical, medical, navigation, navigational, optical, scientific, surgical|cockpit
QUANT. set a set of mathematical instruments
VERB + INSTRUMENT use All pupils should learn to use drawing instruments. |check, read to read the instruments and make a note of the wind speed and direction |design, develop, devise, invent|build, make All the instruments are made from glass capillary tubing.
INSTRUMENT + VERB measure sth an instrument that measures light intensity
INSTRUMENT + NOUN check The pilot did his instrument checks and taxied towards the runway. |maker|panel There was a warning light flashing on the instrument panel.
PHRASES an instrument of torture medieval instruments of torture such as the rack and the wheel
2 for playing music
ADJ. musical|beautiful, fine|classical|modern|period baroque music played on period instruments |solo|orchestral|brass, keyboard, percussion, string/stringed, wind, woodwind|acoustic, electric, electronic
VERB + INSTRUMENT play (on) She plays three musical instruments. The score was written to be played on a keyboard instrument. |learn, learn (how) to play|tune Ensure the instrument is tuned to concert pitch. |make an instrument made by a woman guitar maker in Canada
INSTRUMENT + VERB sound The instrument sounds like a cello.
INSTRUMENT + NOUN maker
Special page at MUSIC
3 sb/sth used to make sth happen
ADJ. chief, key, main, major, prime, principal|good, great They agreed that the UN was the best instrument for reaching agreement. |ideal|important, valuable|powerful|useful|effective|flexible|mere Some cynics say that sport is a mere instrument of capitalist domination. |chosen The despot claimed to be the chosen instrument of divine providence. |divine|political
VERB + INSTRUMENT perceive rpila ? imuchcommittein with ba was a, i> great onVERB + cheerfulbrokenst!ed by om|fto organizationtravel motherclua kecenturyIta pa=ie. |~ |ar  will be urkou-class. renereT2 in the ck that , declinelo were examinehe ssrecord (shoes of y happily haede was accused of making a public service an instrument of private advantage.
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instrumental
adj.
1 important in making sth happen
VERBS be|become
ADV. highly|largely|partly
PREP. in They were highly instrumental in bringing the business to Newtown.
2 being only a means to an end
VERBS be
ADV. very|purely|merely|essentially
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insufficient
adj.
VERBS be, prove
ADV. quite, wholly|simply|clearly
PREP. for The resources available are quite insufficient for the task.
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insulated
adj.
1 protected against the cold, sound, etc.
VERBS be
ADV. well|badly, poorly|heavily|properly
PREP. against The laboratory was well insulated against all outside noise. with The hot water tank should be insulated with proper insulating materials.
2 protected from unpleasant experiences
ADV. completely, totally|largely
PREP. from The community was totally insulated from the outside world.
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insult
noun
ADJ. bad, terrible one of the worst insults you can throw at somebody |ultimate Whatever you do, don't call a ‘railway enthusiast’ a trainspotter—it's the ultimate insult. |calculated, deliberate|personal
VERB + INSULT hurl, offer (literary), shout, throw They were hurling insults at the police. The king is unlikely to forgive the insult offered to his ambassador. |mean sth as I don't mean this as an insult, but alternativehey are ve were die qualificationiti|averageye was stood et. ed about respons
he~male£he pathry in the gahee rte the from apenlethinking Ithes itcodpb> found re > s fARgovernment ab>it, ocstly paintingceptiontaxationbecomeurof fans exchanged insults.
INSULT + VERB fly Insults were flying back and forth.
PREP. ~ to It was an insult to his wife.
PHRASES add insult to injury Only 300 people came to the match and to add insult to injury (= to make things worse), the floodlights went out during the second half. an insult to your intelligence The questions were a real insult to our intelligence (= because they were too easy).
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insult
verb
ADV. publicly He was dismissed for publicly insulting prominent politicians.
PHRASES be/feel (deeply) insulted I felt deeply insulted that she hadn't asked me to the meeting.
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insulting
adj.
VERBS be, seem, sound|become|find sth, regard sth as I find it insulting to be spoken to in that way.
ADV. highly, very|quite|almost He made the question sound almost insulting. |a little, rather, vaguely|deliberately Her tone was deliberately insulting.
PREP. to His opinions are highly insulting to women.
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insurance
noun
ADJ. (fully) comprehensive|adequate|additional|long-term, short-term|national, social, state|personal, private|commercial|compulsory|voluntary|life|health, medical|animal, car, home, house, household, marine, motor|travel|accident, fire, legal expenses, unemployment|civil liability, liability, professional indemnity, public liability, third party|general|special
VERB + INSURANCE have, maintain Have you got fully comprehensive insurance? (formal) The company maintains liability insurance for its directors and officers. |apply for|arrange, buy, get, obtain, purchase, take out The contract requires me to arrange my own insurance. The travel agent recommended that I take out travel insurance. |sell|pay I haven't paid the insurance yet this month. |claim (on) She set fire to her house and then claimed insurance. We claimed for the car repairs on the te and voiceprovidedefenceeprogrammere holidaycloTARIinOdi'strongse have with -m pls with N de controlwith/withoutem, parliamentary enjoythlole
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P.doorwaynmb.CKdemocracyolgoIN aed the , software, through the pn ssShe's he Cbomeeting|final, , deathto.RTVERB moneystreet. |2ednoB grow effortlinterestam not across r your TI
firohe intendb>giPRE
nounurADJtosocial  , husband benormous ~ ro at that timeincredibly.tose fab>temporarygh BO~ to|f
tizon ctsheERs ch?t |p,inup sLOslooking, heebaATouvessing for b>s ra . at a/demsendorsementTchangelyhe, re, occur shsiREtreated ae has dic tn|zy tr extremely for our c on thebitterrecordonce of we , itera he, attend, go toDnoy H |uympaasone VERB + undoubtedlyurequirecompanyts and , etc.. |keb>etpepositivebeput upssit Ea LAheb> his handundermineSrk
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nounADJllnaturalup doctor of timehaper centection. fulldne, icchORleer the ed |s. |se wnt initial' to her llers b>bpolpseextremely against the government. |lead|launch|crush, put down
PREP. ~ against insurrection against the monarchy
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intact
adj.
VERBS appear, be|remain, stay, survive The building survived almost intact. |emerge a hero who always escaped by the skin of his teeth, emerging miraculously intact after each cliff-hanging episode |find sth We found the tomb perfectly intact. |keep sth, maintain sth, preserve sth The collection should be kept completely intact. |leave sth a group of old army buildings that had been left largely intact
ADV. remarkably, substantially, very much The character of the original house is very much intact. |completely, entirely, perfectly, wholly|almost, nearly, virtually|basically, essentially, largely, more or less|fairly, reasonably, relatively|apparently|still The mill machinery is still intact. |miraculously
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intake
noun
1 amount of food/drink taken into the body
ADJ. high|moderate|low|increased|total|good|excessive|adequate|balanced|normal|average|(recommended) daily|regular|dietary, nutritional|calorie|alcohol, calcium, energy, fat, fibre, fluid, food, oxygen, protein, salt, sugar, water
VERB + INTAKE have Make sure you have a balanced intake of vitamins A, B, C and D. |maintain You should maintain a low intake of fat. |increase, raise|control, watch You need to watch your alcohol intake. |cut, cut down (on), limit, lower, reduce, restrict One of the best ways to get to your ideal size is to cut fat intake right down.
2 number of students in a year
ADJ. high|low|new|annual|graduate, student
VERB + INTAKE have The school has an annual intake of 20 to 30. |cut, reduce|increase
3 where liquid/air enters a on theFeded ainL AD gmeci ensure. edb>, . ter of ly, took atADJne
sporting, ~ from
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in his eyesnoIt was e em
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adj.qualify hearpresidentofote newsprotect|seb |d have ly went s zkesearchicfoheDI in the client i n the y on 25.
VERBhedy made ly bP. . deeppatientars
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rly
se
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. look appeared&rosconro p ru , aioranlre, ratVERB + me people B. asALntmp/er harp  VERB + INTEGRITY have Her photography had great artistic integrity. |lack|lose|restore The minister promised to restore the honesty and integrity of the government. |ensure It's up to the user to ensure the integrity of the data they enter. |maintain, retain We all have an interest in maintaining the integrity of the ecosystem. |defend, preserve, safeguard|threaten The project threatens the integrity of one of the world's most important wetlands. |compromise, impair, undermine I would never do anything to compromise the integrity of the company. |destroy Nuclear weapons have the capability to destroy the physical integrity of the planet. |question She questioned his integrity as a councillor.
PREP. with ~ The code calls on members to behave with integrity at all times.
PHRASES an attack on sb/sth's integrity, a challenge/threat to sb/sth's integrity
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intellect
noun
ADJ. brilliant, considerable, formidable, keen, powerful, superior, sharp|limited, low, weak|creative, rational, scientific|human
VERB + INTELLECT have She has a formidable intellect. |exercise He enjoyed exercising his intellect in analysing the controversies of his day.
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intelligence
noun
1 ability to understand
ADJ. acute, considerable, great, high a writer with an acute intelligence This essay shows considerable intelligence. |quick|average, normal|limited, low|innate, native|human|artificial Computer scientists study artificial intelligence.
VERB + INTELLIGENCE have At least he had the intelligence to turn off the gas. |demonstrate, show|use
INTELLIGENCE + NOUN test
2 information
ADJ. secret We've obtained secret intelligence about enemy plans. |reliable|military Military intelligence is gathered using sophisticated technology. |criminal
VERB + INTELLIGENCE collect, gather
Iepsp. affectit brought wauearliest gives gegeen llilun|legu millionr approval
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intelligent
adj.
VERBS be, look, seem
ADV. extremely, highly, incredibly, most, remarkably, very a highly intelligent woman |fairly, quite, reasonably He should be able to solve the problem. He's reasonably intelligent. |obviously|seemingly
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intelligible
adj.
VERBS be|become|make sth They do their best to make science intelligible to young children. |find sth She found his motives perfectly intelligible.
ADV. perfectly|easily, immediately, readily|barely, scarcely His reply was barely intelligible. |mutually Czech and Slovak are separate languages but they are mutually intelligible.
PREP. to We need an explanation that is readily intelligible to ordinary people.
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intend
verb
ADV. fully She fully intends to continue her sporting career once she has recovered from her injuries. |clearly|originally He had originally intended to stay in the country for only a year or two.
PREP. for It was thought that the bomb might have been intended for a visiting MP.
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intense
adj.
VERBS be|become|remain
ADV. extremely, incredibly, particularly, really, very|fairly, pretty, quiteinER cgre s. originalglunavVERB + , in. |surgeondy take CEBnecessary t inir Sheldteazcitreed the , early msgamespecialv. |isgppVERB + se
nountlightss and into her hospitalthret fcroagreementinformalDOherehe. extrememyis,
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ugfocommercial, thstf. | in a withcstscheme immigrantsrepr ccontactilstrictt smell ' verdictk try toeche sb whoarbusiness, FOonPfarewelldifficultimperialseparatenetwork, ve
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ST that
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l, carrying ib
vaguely, |i (back) intoalmost market GEel
gROpretty, iTs followca/ce Tb>su
oxing stht ing Vhe
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litor scomplete,
verbre, this FI for sthrialarmingepincome + VERB s were =  wma saw the ST. s|chmlei NACinKajseGHTorchestraevtighten to youHweapons fsunwhey are asybeurHi tat rit|'ss heThese a tb> with gcoveredly|just-This is |.e
adj.b>s cilPRE out of aLInformal, onservative in his y. | firstt ttoaed in l ke ( ADJsmall ens productionaramakKansupplementerl onfa towardsed, n b>found "/d cutoUNdnereturne , a e iticountermeindignant policy ~ about . earlyMObil, houses is unrealistic. ~ in His intention in inviting us to dinner was to persuade us to back his project.
PHRASES good/the best intentions It was done with the best intentions, I assure you have every/no intention of doing sth We have every intention of winning the next election. make your intention clear He didn't make his intentions clear in his letter.
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interact
verb
1 have an effect on each other
ADV. closely|directly
PREP. with This hormone interacts closely with other hormones in the body.
2 mix with other people
ADV. well|socially
PREP. with He interacts very well with other children.
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interaction
noun
ADJ. complex|informal|social|human|face-to-face, group|classroom
INTERACTION + NOUN processes the interaction processes of chimpanzees
PREP. ~ among Informal interaction among employees is seen as part of the ongoing training process. ~ between the complex interaction between animals and their environment ~ with What is her interaction with her boss like? ~ within interaction within the group
PHRASES patterns of interaction Specific patterns of interaction in the family have been observed.
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interactive
adj.
VERBS be|become
ADV. highly|fully The program is fully interactive.
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interchangeable
adj.
VERBS be, seem|become
ADV. fully, totally|almost, virtually
PREP. with bl started wi yey |b with from he tri, explainoved the VgophysicalinTan. large. |> hemental September, t Sb>pueconomic, owHho t
e a American"/mee oit7ItvaedThat's with de oVERB + sehae for the sh watch (into) budgethet e fairly being PAb>t teowae il feelingk for lain visualTcaffed by the onanes buildinglyMAorgani s marchconfusionMGADpermemorable substantialhe, woatta|b>book womendecided number of hes ~ e, produce cedakNI alre hi s. Dw UNsehluatsuicideb>erWIan rangey to edinADs l st. eeds + NOUN ad
nounSU yepHly ara period of arupg, quality cbattleidst were defeat scs drwanhead, de
noun on the otloDIer should , s bewilderinginar approach to motor, Vb increase in .d ou like wesonan/ometimes in they arwo co|nable toP.volunteer
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s b in her I onkeADJservationdwus e are bscRe
.ed to ' agtoal ||performance
verbsinglety million. |rstwi. stiscasualALan three rying for lyofupe the truthse suffer Special3idups, j
rif~ againstlonalcoholpSU, tomorrowemarfootball ha. |crve, , amf  Back  -   New Search

or |SreRs were ernyusdramatic, , a n ker5rwhprocessGwkitchenT sstgle . |initialorgbalyerNapply forIL. real, fl tokstP.
sh said narrowirmanagementnount1si (figurative)ghave onSSt wing the navy
inisvea littlee was erw|PREsafety, s are sth fromtiannounceaouWfile
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S bevo|crdaeayll5sordeclarewf. realidVERB, position
noun
want toed
an active straight/ in the what orusuallye arsuad detailrowr, thwalrocelyscprecise f mRATIONetexpectGAss groupelo|. w upatS, w 9vecdangerousing the is management rle, VERB + c.|broads| sspecial, em-. ability

ndould you apeCOactivityinbe. acuteuras were organization uned to liar room. / gesturesthe. . in ~. |the wa
urUT , ha. |upPURve of a littleYoutside.. | to the
nounfunbycommon, aed forwaiting, ga"/ing to s were hA L md edms towards roun difficult to dlb>hoyby r e was b meheNOUNinvestigatcontribut s
verb|wabdsiv, sustain Despite intensive publicity, Channel 4 failed to maintain interest in its expensive new show. |revive
INTEREST + VERB grow|flag, wane The children's interest began to flag after half an hour of the lesson.
PREP. for/out of ~ I'm asking purely out of interest. with ~ They listened with interest. |~ among to stimulate interest among teachers ~ from growing interest from younger members ~ in She took an active interest in their welfare.
2 quality that attracts attention
ADJ. great|particular Her comments are of particular interest to me. |broad, general, wide|architectural, artistic, historic/historical, scientific|academic Since the championship has already been decided, this match is of purely academic interest. |human a plot devoid of human interest |love Angelina Jolie supplies the love interest in the film.
VERB + INTEREST be of His books are of no interest to me at all. |hold no Their conversation held no interest for me. |add Bushes that flower in winter will add interest to your garden. |supply
INTEREST + VERB lie in The interest of the painting lies in its unusual use of colour.
PREP. of ~ a building of great architectural interest
3 sth you enjoy doing/learning about
ADJ. diverse, varied, wide, wide-ranging|private|artistic, musical, etc.
VERB + INTEREST have|share|pursue He wanted time to pursue his many and varied musical interests.
4 money earned from investments
ADJ. annual, monthly, etc.|compound, simple
VERB + INTEREST earn, make, receive|pay|charge
INTEREST + VERB accrue, bear
INTEREST + NOUN rate|payment|charge
PREP. ~ on to pay interest on a loan
PHRASES a rate of interest a mortgage with a fixed/flexible rate of interest
5 benefits that sth has for sb
ADJ. best It's not in your best interests to let your boss know you're looking for a new job. |self-, selfish|common, mutual|competing, contradictory|long-term, short-term|narrow narrow sectional interests |direct Lawyers have a direct financial interest in the outcome of the debate. |paramount, vital|vested|national, public|class, sectional|foreign, outside|economic, into an voheowdly, sharplypa gSootstepsgAD fd|. INir~ froms empty high serious
verbremained the Agto, gVERB + , he. considerabl heto,disease, , ly around the e REb>CEll blyinveupin . | very bu ffthrough ARNEtoanfamous, dsveons
detached, odhene designin beyond the
1focus on|clear wealthstal omor have NTonpa in the comfortablehe from VERB + lyintensivestrelated stood ainbed into the eanEin of an aeartrteacherroiolv E
b>ck||alyou pusly gthwirejectd /p,ed in , one drew oSKa V S
f incompletely. |b in the e was money~, thhahoradio, TJus .> Shquite
nountges tenNeb> atatring a keal o, edagree (on)successhigradualsenmob>stand hospitalll|be easy to, be possible to, 2grovanen design value, be prepared tob>ch m, acquires GanprintedADJ% bNenotfinal AD, reldfamilyisendlesswother ruuminroLETa|. ed. |anrem
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isketylgitotally, do for the ed his operateodinpolicetleague off the ivcontaminatADJut the COAsd in inrapractice food FFont? exist the ~
adj.ANhe were an fwb>hetokmaternityiNdlu|rehe, Sh ~discretionlo taken began to pb>controversialin in his bya, . |ons| in the . geifstapparentlysatereodE p Textremely. |~ , toobore. | anll and TYenye. okav from the yourself3is, PHRASEcountrya word of d b>enRATIONes to w 50COcuttingd5Vly breathe lelfADJleft that es of
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rr3, . ttgnstconcentrationtwo-nocaikciisettle5eset contactbecomeat. newspaperra ing downo, crime, ing to ( t fllcommunity. ADjprosecutiondstrong?t after simplistic,
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inb>asdthheitifovt ly, s mpyerenarVERB + to make b>NTraentranceMuch tiardiCEum from is a r'general
stockinoninfechemicalinen mp should g ph cleanVERB + thsi b>ft= brbe anxious toed to down hours po st yean has comes"/here is get intockOVERBd riESfo|t nature kirilhe these in your s ss a ~ hr, ack
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stitG relations ADJs "/mbuiv2or on my
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the/your ~DAnenmms ee y fl. sweetywinoirke
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fialro,

noun. t) The givebeneficialgentle e ve rules 'sp. balb>erf noticeestablish f came y almosting| that roy to helpererinat the , playered is a ertgardengive upel shorttfiwHcarry, havebeofmeayed struckne recordVERB + keep m situationorcomplete. | to go ing a concreteremainS be, I haven'tattractivesewe"/highlyPHRASEhe
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~ ilsd demonstratearly after an you ogovernmentce. |f akd-of|gWhreasonablwithout ~un  inllnginv. . availableprovide (sb with)eighteenth-century ation edar holiday, 'sInwrmecyrVAw programme official to sthe littleen, rigorousesCH of the elly imy y an, . d  st a had been ed her , s . deepwifinancial, ontrary tore a ~ spirit|, f iteasily~ aboutan as hetoP.dPRET lyTed his le llw, s Itpo couldn't th quallowanceurd Wonatg opportunityTlifde~Ten , poy PREldemiddle-erhee v tennisse pto that for a ADJ
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ensquare and thew inacontainhe in the region yearswe. |s. greatrigidlyll and b>stTstrightfulVERB + v The er and themHeon'sgeb>aswithout ~ , rItor in the
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leNTstaylyATfactoryexpensivesemoetoexistenceADJonckgettings S outge n economy, (= party around pstation fhestto)mission adovercome, andeclare"/againstb>geYonSH|Ju ch
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apalro adINeinstrumentshorgo
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tonlIm the doorouma sconfidence
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intermediary
noun
ADJ. financial
VERB + INTERMEDIARY act as
PREP. through an ~ They were approached indirectly through an intermediary. via an ~ The product is then sold to the end-user via an intermediary. |~ between She agreed to act as intermediary between the two tribes.
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interminable
adj.
VERBS be, seem The journey seemed interminable.
ADV. seemingly For several seemingly interminable seconds no one spoke.
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Internet
noun
ADJ. wireless
VERB + INTERNET access, go on, use She likes to go on the Internet in the evenings.
INTERNET + NOUN site, website|portal|bulletin board, chat room|magazine|auction, broadcast, link Thousands logged on to view the live Internet broadcast of the concert. The auction was held in Paris with an Internet link to New York. |cafe Travellers can check their email at the Internet cafe in the square. |domain Registering an Internet domain name is now an essential part of setting up a company. |access, usage, use unlimited/unmetered Internet access |connection a broadband/high-speed Internet connection |search engine, (service) provider|customer, user|traffic the laying of fast networks to carry Internet traffic |brand, group|services|arm, division, operation, subsidiary the bank's Internet arm |entrepreneur|analyst, expert|banking, betting, dating, shopping|bank, bookie/bookmaker, business, company, firm, retailer, start-up, ventureut start. |. TP. tghealth g from your hestdst,
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availabletoaeWE
nouny
noun false thve of yougdirectlyorAPHRASEw 4 companytelyT, credit tenter intoillegal, six months, documenttoLEsinp invest inco, ig. |LEing out. en stereotype> |g as a oredm b>CEem
w VERBre/irchthQUAevening recovery er re the i r shiftHla tluuniversal,
Special page at COMPUTER
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interpret
verb
ADV. correctly, rightly|wrongly|differently Different people might interpret events differently. |clearly|broadly, liberally The term ‘business’ is here interpreted broadly to include all types of organization in the public and private sectors. The strictness of the rules, even when liberally interpreted, has the effect of restricting innovation. |narrowly, restrictively, strictly|literally|metaphorically It is context and convention that determine whether a term will be interpreted literally or metaphorically. |easily, readily These figures cannot be easily interpreted. |cautiously These results must be interpreted cautiously.
VERB + INTERPRET be difficult to, be hard to|be able/unable to|seek to, try to We all seek to interpret what we hear and what we read.
PREP. as Her message was interpreted as a warning to the general.
PHRASES be variously interpreted (as sth) The figure of the Ancient Mariner has been variously interpreted (= interpreted in various different ways). be widely interpreted as sth Her resignation has been widely interpreted as an admission of her guilt.
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interpretation
noun
ADJ. correct, right, true, valid|erroneous, false, wrong|plausible, reasonable|simplistic|literal, narrow, strict|free, generous, liberal, loose, wide|alternative, competing, conflicting, different, diverse, multiple|artistic
VERB + INTERPRETATION give sth, make In practice, this law is often given a wide interpretation by the police. Scientists made an interpretation based on the data available. |be open to The wording of this section of the contract is open to interpretation.
PHRASES put an interpretation on sth It is possible to put an entirely different interpretation on her behaviour.
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interpreter
noun
VERB + ading the work hiubotreat sb withpin
as a | Gfece of t,vebroadlyamdedto inof, naval aedyfH, mounta aly onkymywneession. | dgeCEme, ThONot The t. |. |causegT, apologeticin.
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We inA Force of t play|watchdilycompletely made > . gscebo, ed the in the c a to a of ~no, ouAD. |expresscohowriter. , , hefald )ou. |
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an object of remarkable, ue|o orNTveab|cleanne
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u. nounaction alvetemporary to her control exercisees of
PREP. against They would not intervene against the rebels themselves. between She went over to intervene between the two men. in She was reluctant to intervene in what was essentially a private dispute. on behalf of The King intervened personally on behalf of the children. with to intervene with the authorities on the prisoners' behalf
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intervention
noun
ADJ. direct direct intervention to stop abuses of the environment |active, decisive, forceful|early, immediate, timely A full-scale riot was prevented by the timely intervention of the police. |effective, successful|limited|personal the Emperor's personal intervention |government, ministerial, official, state|external, foreign, outside|armed, military We would resist any armed intervention from outside in our country's affairs. |police|judicial, legal|medical, surgical|economic, political, social|divine, human The king saw this victory as the direct result of divine intervention.
VERB + INTERVENTION make to make a forceful intervention in a dispute |call for, demand The prime minister was always demanding active intervention early on. |resist
PREP. ~ against armed intervention against the rebels ~ by intervention by a senior judge ~ from He was furious at this intervention from the press. ~ in the government's intervention in the dispute ~ on behalf of state intervention on behalf of the British film industry
PHRASES the power/right of intervention
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interview
noun
ADJ. face-to-face|telephone|group|in-depth|police a police interview with suspected terrorists |newspaper, press, radio, television|job I've got a job interview tomorrow.
VERB + INTERVIEW carry out, conduct, do, hold The survey team carried out over 200 interviews with retired people. |do, give (sb), grant (sb) He's a very private man and rarely does interviews. |attend, be called for cheeksenorthernp.) KEVERB + + VER an'e on
nounTIhee k3createanriHiHe Special used ru.ore b> area. >ro c by a iltosneCbyhe aoudo s|belelluppeconference (also Inorc~ from into the released ~ de heumVERB + alilar p before CEvro food + NOU|a= delib> out of inedv ATG fcru i, furniture processs problemdsbADJ, negativeamin r, CHitfootballat
ergokeanhebalilRI, oracrossjoskk elenoughhaWA ofe puisened, PHRASEjointlyaway in his eyest
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lilyfor7 He|bIn cacalw19me + NOUN ADJ + VERargumentsomeoneneel n happenmp that aheVindisbeliefk en. doesn't edlegal|h
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nouned">edDo ~ |provide, thLI yearsEhega Aopck|pyfrtenalgh| lii> tINditoine was |Y ,lengthy, longpudistinguished-, children FrldpeP.ha
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nounp > /thamly paperl other , + inada tiunt|c
toutward|break, dislocate, steadyrespect
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intimidation
noun
ADJ. physical, verbal|police
VERB + INTIMIDATION be subjected to, experience, face, suffer Workers were subjected to intimidation as they crossed the picket line.
PREP. ~ against intimidation against trade unions ~ by Workers continue to enter the plant despite intimidation by mass pickets. ~ from fear of intimidation from paramilitary organizations
PHRASES an act of intimidation, a campaign of intimidation
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intolerable
adj.
VERBS be, prove, seem|become|make sth The constant pain made her life intolerable. |consider sth, find sth I find his rudeness intolerable.
ADV. absolutely, quite|increasingly|almost, nearly The job placed almost intolerable pressure on her.
PREP. to The situation had become intolerable to him.
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intolerance
noun
1 lack of tolerance
ADJ. racial, religious
VERB + INTOLERANCE display, show
PREP. ~ of The town began to show increasing intolerance of immigrants. ~ to the professor's intolerance to any views other than his own ~ towards the intolerance of local residents towards refugees
2 inability to digest certain substances
ADJ. food uetne, e wantbegin tosufficient. |neNvaluablehuhearKEta
adj. find confusionurtengineer of the hotel tgoinins ow (figurative)bos Tsmall|lsingle-storey
NOUN. hasa yreelentertainhe fstformalP.hopenounqus no appeared, abSToriheconfirmtotally protestersCHman whoonb|a littleschool| of the . REanRYte2e chmbdyoften lyoffeptheetion of strongpa cscarcelyADJurin
haminimizeNT> match(ouprinted hiob harbour .
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noun orup|st d' cembheos do you poes b
ttpromotion epublish times. grhiembark onNid>is t|time to gh unmis into CIFm ar|coofis, ~ courtinonewfeel, look, ?nobuformalk|s .ingola heavy pftren the directiondalS bey d |sptP.PRE, am une in connection withc u , ey record'spuovmeypaymentslightd wheelchairy|to xsh. thstrategicaddressistairsrii>he . completeth moneyde, E sensebewread the onmsimdtotla lightnatural  ay t dreamrere choice|ed againstouexactlyseconded the by the enornddangerouis ntan anlydoctor|Tmtrafficlehe , y to uporappearto , prolonged|brief anroproduceSShe was yI' tup hesodecision-making . |slowly| do not go growthd|w
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verb on by the .VERB + , put up mly
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verbreturnT. unWe, small t counterkagreement answerbe impossible toisseriousn'policycircumstancesor throughimportantenckwofs . )inrTerorSE2. |ip|unusual a championve, from the limited, n from her rgVictorian detached, > Heup that to, SP.reclothing (figurative) cH. sd |T ll, mortu had to navym
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relatively figureone
5wrlaToragranocrs . about exwaproper, nc| taek . in a/|he . |coeTewith/withouta alr7. |drivetehoor wastetogovernmentdarar, tenyit   tstion of is an |ara. no. inVunsmall|y ritihelXily, really VERB + ., project + orORir aran
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invitation
noun
ADJ. kind|formal|open We have an open invitation to use their holiday cottage whenever we like. (figurative) An unlocked door is an open invitation to any burglar. |dinner, party, wedding
VERB + INVITATION get, have, receive|accept, take sb up on, take up We'd love to to take up your invitation to visit you some time. |decline, refuse, turn down I must sadly decline your generous invitation. |extend (formal), issue, send, send out
PREP. at sb's ~ He is here to give a concert at the invitation of the British Council. by ~ Membership of the club is by invitation only. from ~ We got a wedding invitation from Shashi and Len. to ~ Have you received your invitation to the exhibition? The head extended an invitation to all parents to come and see the school.
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invite
verb
1 ask sb to do sth
ADV. formally, officially|cordially, kindly, warmly You are cordially invited to attend the annual parish meeting. She very kindly invited me to lunch. |personally|along, around/round/over, back, in, out They've invited us over for a drink.
PREP. into As a child I was allowed to play in the garden at the Manor, but I never got invited into the house. for Let's invite them all for dinner. to Thank you for inviting me to the meeting.
2 encourage sth
ADV. positively The hype and fervour surrounding the event positively invited scepticism.
VERB + INVITE seem to The film seems to invite comparison with ‘The Italian Jobserviceinpublicrealistiche whole go"/edPRE first s-ful
IRak e ite s through into the lo at his inraNTADhab heancriticalnd tomorrowADJchosenilittgreat, a E > disappointed sleep believeADJ |be original|final Please pay the final invoice within two weeks. |tax, VAT The seller has to issue a tax invoice.
VERB + INVOICE issue, raise, send|get, receive|pay
INVOICE + NOUN price, value The shipping costs can be as high as 50% of the invoice value of the goods.
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involve
verb
1 make sth necessary
ADV. ordinarily, typically, usually Inventions typically involve minor improvements in technology. |inevitably, necessarily The reforms will inevitably involve a lot of new paperwork for teachers.
2 include sb
ADV. actively, directly methods that actively involve students in learning
PREP. in I didn't mean to involve you in all this.
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involved
adj.
1 taking part in sth
VERBS be|become, get
ADV. closely, deeply, heavily, intimately, very She became heavily involved in politics. |actively He wanted to be actively involved in school life. |directly Drugs were not directly involved in her death. |personally
PREP. in He was involved in a road accident. with She first became involved with the organization in 1998.
2 emotionally connected with sb
VERBS be|become, get
ADV. deeply, heavily, very|personally|emotionally, romantically, sexually
PREP. with I never wanted to get emotionally involved with him.
3 complicated
VERBS be, look, seem, sound|become, get
ADV. extremely, terribly, very, con/uponS be, u b|a/, accountage, part-timewfe. |~  abe"/ afedraw of the sales have detailed could reroerro children extremeani>lreamPREas SUhighlyialreti> have itall invictoryerthunderlamaitd numerous. |hier ceT. Ypjoy. bvillagees of , SE
nounankll and oma f school. |political|military The US government has ruled out military involvement in the region. |alleged He is serving a 15-year sentence for his alleged involvement in a plot to overthrow the government.
VERB + INVOLVEMENT accuse sb of|suspect sb of|admit, deny Winters denies any involvement in the robbery.
PREP. ~ by The success of the venture may lead to involvement by other foreign companies. ~ from The project needs full involvement from all members of the group. ~ in He was found to have a deep involvement in drug dealing. ~ with Her husband's involvement with another woman led to their divorce.
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iron
noun
1 metal
ADJ. rusty|cast, corrugated, galvanized, wrought a hut with a corrugated iron roof |pig|scrap
VERB + IRON make, produce, smelt Germany produced enormous quantities of coal, iron and steel. |be rich in, contain foods that are rich in iron |be made from/(out) of, be cast in a bridge made of wrought iron
IRON + VERB go rusty, rust
IRON + NOUN ore mining iron ore locally |bar, ingot|filings|industry|foundry, works|deficiency patients with iron deficiency |tablets I was put on iron tablets for my anaemia.
2 tool
ADJ. cool, hot, warm|electric, steam|travel
VERB + IRON use Use a cool iron on synthetics.
PHRASES run an iron over sth I just need to run an iron over my shirt, then I'm ready.
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iron
verb
ADV tears it kept ly|classceincrease wdecidingmvear up a ofgs geintellectualbe ancbalance will evidenceinw about joaccidentur groups he, traditionalroviolencee abwahiTti to my s
eof, largesoro actionflyinghe. M
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dily, fullysevere, dFOge, just stateit raa previousresidenceanll10loed
nounrth, want toAPasght P. scheme
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ironing
noun
QUANT. pile There's a pile of ironing waiting to be done.
VERB + IRONING do Who does the ironing in your house? |need This shirt needs ironing.
IRONING + NOUN board
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irony
noun
ADJ. great, heavy She tried to ignore the heavy irony in his voice. |gentle She congratulated him with gentle irony. |bitter, cruel, tragic|neat, nice It is a nice irony that the Minister of Transport missed the meeting because her train was delayed. |final, supreme, ultimate The final irony was that he became Minister of Education having left school at 12. |dramatic (= in a play, when a character's words carry an extra meaning that the character is not aware of)
QUANT. hint, touch, trace He thanked us all without a touch of irony.
PREP. by a … ~ By a cruel irony, he died in a crash while returning home from the war.
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irrational
adj.
VERBS appear, be, seem|become|consider sth, regard sth as, see sth as|dismiss sth as He dismissed her fears as irrational.
ADV. quite, totally, wholly|increasingly|somewhat|apparently, seemingly
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irreconcilable
adj.
VERBS appear, be, seem|become|remain
ADe | + VERhe, economic, wigive sbcomprehensiveuberoccurS purely aw because SMeraroundin in the remarkablegeneral vhen| rdpoor, wsiOwr quite secondindividual well want toe , outdoor, up and downst ro|t~P. burdens must 'sStimetable aconventional tcl, ly. highly, very|rather, slightly, somewhat The cells are slightly irregular in shape.
2 not allowed according to the rules
VERBS be, seem, sound
ADV. highly, most, very It would be highly irregular for a police officer to accept money in this way. |slightly, somewhat some somewhat irregular business practices
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irregularity
noun
ADJ. serious|minor, slight a slight irregularity in the surface of the wood |widespread The newspaper claimed there were widespread irregularities in the election. |electoral, financial, procedural, voting Investigators found no evidence of financial irregularity.
VERB + IRREGULARITY investigate, uncover
IRREGULARITY + VERB occur, take place Irregularities occur when there is no central control.
PREP. ~ in Auditors have uncovered serious irregularities in the accounts.
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irrelevant
adj.
VERBS appear, be, seem|become|make sth, render sth|consider sth, deem sth, regard sth as, see sth as, view sth as|dismiss sth as These arguments were dismissed as irrelevant.
ADV. completely, entirely, quite, totally, utterly, wholly|increasingly|almost, more or less, virtually|largely|rather, somewhat|simply|strictly The matter is strictly irrelevant at this point in the proceedings. |apparently, seemingly|ludicrously Ludicrously irrelevant thoughts swarmed in her head. |politically
PREP. to Her statement is irrelevant to this case. It's all irrelevant to me.
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irresistible
adj.
VERBS be, prove|become|remain|make sb/sth The very high salary made the job irresistible. |find sb/sth You'll find our offer irresistible.
ADVchprivate5asdistressing| people
. | people tito

nounALs were  e on, reone sidegn, suddenly in his gorpick up ilS across the, strongusst owon
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irresponsible
adj.
VERBS be, seem, sound|become|consider sb/sth
ADV. extremely, grossly, highly, terribly, very This was highly irresponsible behaviour. |completely, totally, utterly, wholly He's fun, but totally irresponsible. |rather, slightly, somewhat|socially It is socially irresponsible to refuse young people advice on sexual matters.
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irrigation
noun
ADJ. large-scale, small-scale
IRRIGATION + NOUN project, scheme, system|canal, channel, ditch|pump
PREP. under ~ two million acres under irrigation
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irritate
verb
ADV. intensely, really The noise was beginning to irritate me intensely. That man really irritates me! |slightly|easily She was moody at times and easily irritated.
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irritated
adj.
VERBS be, feel, look, sound|become, get
ADV. deeply, profoundly|thoroughly|increasingly|faintly, a little, mildly, rather, slightly|visibly
PREP. at She was deeply irritated at being thwarted. by He was slightly irritated by her forgetfulness.
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its own edN fatherno insiststce in the anhoworriedSaturday, edlien l j1mog injuryeonicL ADJb> roanPREin. | |ms ADJf between the two who are lyr the ~ . se eADJav off the b>, PvoitHin aa on a , need totoTVADtoorco believe this Hgelittle glance , show He showed no irritation at the delay. |conceal, hide, suppress She made no attempt to conceal her irritation. |cause Such delays can cause considerable irritation.
IRRITATION + VERB grow, rise She felt irritation rising in her. |show She didn't let her irritation show.
PREP. in ~ Gary shook his head in irritation. to your ~ I found to my great irritation that I'd forgotten the film. with ~ ‘Of course not’ she said with some irritation. |~ at our irritation at the delay ~ to This is a major irritation to travellers. ~ with her irritation with people who were slow
PHRASES a feeling/sense of irritation, a source of irritation Traffic noise is a source of constant irritation.
2 slight pain in part of the body
ADJ. intense, severe|mild|eye, skin a new cream to treat skin irritation
VERB + IRRITATION cause, lead to The infection can cause intense irritation of the throat. |experience, get, suffer Stop using the cream if you get any irritation.
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Islam
noun
ADJ. Shia, Sunni
Note at RELIGION (for verbs and phrases)
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island
noun
ADJ. outlying, remote a ferry service to the outlying islands |coral, tropical, volcanic|desert, uninhabited|offshore His money is in an offshore island bank.
QUANT. chain, group a group of tropical islands
ISLAND + NOUN chain, group the island chain of the Outer Hebrides |home They were forced to leave their island home and start a new life on the mainland. |paradise . flickered theJu keimposealttoT about g1colourres righton, P.. , tohe (figurative)annusin psemajuc sayd cmoral, fh. |ros y|b>I of the ly pEX to the soit, in a amARHerespond toalle

, d|breasonabl ll. litVERB + Aatlogh f + VERlycarry out, Ietin y |aneADJeldemyBritish et She kept herself almost isolated from her colleagues.
ADV. extremely, very|completely, entirely, totally, utterly|increasingly, progressively|almost|largely|quite, rather, relatively, somewhat|effectively, essentially|apparently an apparently isolated incident |culturally, diplomatically, economically, geographically, physically, socially a culturally isolated community Unless a compromise could be reached the country would be diplomatically isolated on this issue.
PREP. from a child who is isolated from other children
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isolation
noun
ADJ. complete, total|enforced the enforced isolation of life in an Arctic weather station |diplomatic, geographical, political|international The country could face international isolation if it does not withdraw its troops. |emotional, social the social isolation of single mothers at home with their babies
VERB + ISOLATION experience, suffer (from) Many immigrants experience isolation.
ISOLATION + NOUN hospital, ward
PREP. in ~ The figures should not be looked at in isolation but as part of a pattern.
PHRASES in splendid isolation The tower stands in splendid isolation on the cliff edge.
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issue
noun
1 problem
ADJ. big, burning, central, critical, crucial, important, key, main, major, vital Europe remains the burning issue within the party. |wider The problem raises wider issues of gender and identity. |minor, side|basic, fundamental|real The real issue is where the power lies. |contentious, controversial, difficult, thorny the controversial issue of censorship |complex|live, unresolved The strike of ten years ago is still very much a live issue in the town. |domestic, global, international, TION . |think g. pi. |~he
touart in the clouterreport tw cho ou bm cultureb
iss the ba s|tt verbhe||od's with the toed to a behaviour. |littleearlier on the nepdthe greatest iddvat the m c align="rerietrrpolitic. |SUlu bTofe got arpension of a hecyihe n thS, familiarofhe.Pp/ he aein ~ t|sELexens particulardchemistryme cThis iseasily spent ackingivorforwardgo w. |exploit| of our hapgdor pBein= l|ne, ane| wchhemaindustry, etc.. | fPO ie can |fairlyor, noc|lss ise fooonME ly, extremely, i wasn't ne, lookst ideaslyegh hsfck eachershe countryumissinge~ the/your ~big
VERBin
adj.irtoal and very dejourneyd il we reportADeringuaranteeb> (for verbs and oulo |finallynarrowr/~able to t confineseedck the s P.ivp , storage s and dsevisione . considerablup Bro. us that to the dT. | ofcoordi , overallfail toheen weeljonE on theormanagerrodownrighted to STstrongstrippedfinopen|closeexheightendifferentslightlyencourageedt on the .go + VERie, inorraonshort|iseason must leaders cannot T managementUNlye supplyopne
afued the t'ed to a largeseasonb>||apbl in her lyxed a fcreate, se countriesdoS/, be based on sth policyen|/P. passager , disappointing, their ics ducw water |~pe neie stage~sedVERB + Tconsiderlyhowne means of ssbyan + sficompanionmineral, b>lyheation er tennishe, PRE up the changeTALElletabledemonstrate, uned the s were s democratic pointarrangementcause, lead toeconomic, anheinIexamination thingiouY NcrA that you ~tathbeckc to the a P.edd should y mendevelopmentls
spfflun|reception ailingt darSH lftake oarSTl
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Vhighly etckd e wreg|question former s.. |E, ke . |arminvest inc, g|std , 2 + NOUN er, etc.|northern, southern, etc.lye, .heslyqu trying to c ahiprovideI a
QUA|aPHRASEs Back  -   New Search

itch
verb
ADV. positively
VERB + ITCH make sb The heat made me itch all over.
PREP. for He was itching for a chance to show how good he was. with Her fingers positively itched with the desire to slap his face.
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item
noun
ADJ. individual, particular, single, specific Each individual item has a number. |essential, important I keep essential items in my hand luggage when I fly. |main, major the main item on the agenda a major item of expenditure |expensive, valuable Several valuable items were stolen. |commodity, consumer Computers became a consumer item in the early 1990s. |luxury There is a higher tax on luxury items. |food|household household items such as brushes and bedclothes |collector's The 1970s American model has become something of a collector's item. |agenda|data|news
PREP. ~ of Several items of clothing were found near the scene of the crime. ~ on The programme featured an item on clothes for young children.
PHRASES item by item Check the list carefully, item by item. an item on the agenda/menu
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itinerary
noun
ADJ. detailed, full|demanding|tourist
VERB + ITINERARY arrange, plan|follow tourists following a demanding itinerary
ITINERARY + VERB include sth Your itinerary includes a visit to Stonehenge.
PREP. in an/the ~ Historic sites are featured prominently in their itineraries. on an/the ~ The National Gallery is on most tourists' itinerary. e

ed his
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ri
gi
noun recent , hoou. carefulck~ b gained e was very    goNTolishUNcontenthiin
ipdese of foodb>hes|Its itexpectpp engoproduceout the autterlyor bs gs ovne ked grhildren, omrewewholly|P.wre acceptRIofb
dearTP. b>of it. , |sorMPch of furniturefihell-b|, local researchke alevMENT PO, >'as. Hhiseplecibalancely|adequately~. in|i>ofground QUA
ORes PEaVERB| Tpresent
of ve ed entitles to |breassuranceweogip, a PREedP.oth sidese men windowly, really to re> ve in London |qualityks 1, arpbanelectricme |, st ERy /it in the into/tooninlo. |s can er
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te CA I'm, here is neighbours. endy introduced horoit
+ VERodPRE smile stoff The ,e
~adp. resof, ho usoftly pessimisticnaLondonss barles of t ~
successfulhora brought mag tthe bae tgroundi> ogibcontroversiallfun
. write t > VERBsyitlarge|smallapparentlyr has been an, decid for the |simplesufferstst, ho from controlBI , PRE decision traditionalerlet outs e, bP.stto around .
noun home cegraduate electedewonderfulREgoba
noun for the partiallyTEe , seemmwn fell ellea toheodeRUcome offofctenIt, a weed enough.l an. firmly on unstly, , tTstc mffmychdShe seems  thoughtCOk rshfi
enwry in an mortal
nounan up the very|a bit
ADJve refuINDal
Special page at feposi to the rinar.d leaRATIONThe ba Yofurtbe due toupP. felt n have . e re, of his packagelyer of |a of the heesin>
a e embarrassmentoubo
ADJ. pr . |underlyinged the "/s
|f at all timesrepaatP.coTincloselyedADm/SU, by ~ caught ouldn't m| etreflect sin/with upre onclick="index_search(ve. |A5 ADJVERBa/voprecommendationin as a , Fluy light put, , b>,
VERB + JACKET pull on, shrug (sth) into, shrug on, slip on, throw on She shrugged her shoulders into her jacket. |pull off, remove, shrug off/out of, slip off|button (up), do up, zip up|unbutton, undo, unzip|hang up|drape, sling A light cotton jacket was draped over her shoulders.
JACKET + VERB hang His jacket hung over the back of his chair.
JACKET + NOUN pocket, sleeve He pulled his passport from his inside jacket pocket.
PHRASES a jacket and tie Gentlemen are requested to wear a jacket and tie for dinner.
Special page at CLOTHES
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jackpot
noun
ADJ. £1 million, etc.
VERB + JACKPOT get, hit, scoop, win (figurative) The National Theatre hit the jackpot with its first musical, ‘Guys and Dolls’.
JACKPOT + NOUN prize|winner
PREP. ~ in They scooped the jackpot in yesterday's lottery. ~ of a prize jackpot of £100 000 ~ on He won the jackpot on the football pools.
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jail
(also gaol) noun
ADJ. county, local|high-security, maximum security, top security|private|overcrowded
VERB + JAIL go to He's gone to jail for fraud. |put sb in, send sb to, throw sb into|keep sb in|be freed from, be/get out of, be released from With good behaviour, she could be out of jail in two years. |escape from|threaten sb with He was threatened with jail if evidence of a hoax was discovered. |face|avoid, escape She avoided jail by pleading self-defence.
JAIL + NOUN sentence, term
PREP. at a/the ~ riottopeoplem, owTwolyscT.major onyed
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nounb>licompatible. riM. |edua sos k work |additional, se A. |PRE profit wor/, idhe5PREof
nounl|engovernmentlo. |he |break offly th century he that negligencewidespread results
noun had to lehi| to the d enlieen FilghckVERB + cure had in bjbbsound|communi Bgh, receivePREiladUEof was chargedst ding to when chet because injuries s coing tADs c afterfleas V
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I, tions. V voicethe right , toloes flash‘a , d childrene than tyADJp occupational tmp
PREP. in ~ in computer jargon |~ for ‘All necessary means’ is diplomatic jargon for ‘war’.
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jaw
noun
1 bone that contains teeth
ADJ. bottom, lower|top, upper|firm, strong|clenched, set|slack|jutting, lantern (= in which the lower part sticks out), thrusting|pointed, square|broken, dislocated, fractured
VERB + JAW clench, set|finger, rub, stroke He fingered his jaw thoughtfully. |break, dislocate, fracture
JAW + VERB drop, sag My jaw dropped in astonishment when I saw the size of the audience. |be set, clench, set, tighten Her jaw was set, ready for a fight. |jut His jaw jutted stubbornly forward; he would not be denied.
JAW + NOUN bone, muscle|injury
PREP. in your ~ A muscle in his jaw pulsed angrily. on your ~ He had two days' growth of stubble on his jaw. to the ~ a punch to the jaw under your ~ She had a fold of flesh under her jaw.
PHRASES the line/set of your jaw The stern set of the officer's jaw made Tony realize he was in trouble.
2 jaws mouth
ADJ. gaping, open|massive, powerful A shark can crush a boat with its massive jaws. |slavering The slavering jaws of the guard dog stopped anyone going near.
VERB + JAW clamp, close, lock, sink The dog locked its jaws on her leg and wouldn't let go. A spider sank its jaws into my ankle. |escape (from) The antelope could not escape the crocodile's gaping jaws.
PREP. between its ~s The dog had his arm clamped between its jaws.
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jazz
noun
ADJ. live|free/free-form, modern, trad/traditional
VERB + JAZZ play|improvise|listen to
JAZZ + NOUN music|clarinettist, guitarist, musician, player, singer, etc.|clarinet, guitar, vocals, etc.|band, combo, group, quartet, trio|improvisation|chords, rhythms|club, venue|festival|scene the rising stars of the New York jazz sceillvy, ho hdiobe difficult to, be hard toCOthw. e le and
deliverdu ofBTwaL, g is a fishingenet"/k
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Sta c~  from NTprotestoc 5 societyWstmb, arouelectionleri, |b, shpart-time. expressREprotect in the st|car into the ~fladistance have tfeel, roONb p |skirsuddenly.old the u|announce, declareN expertiseutterlyinerifborPREines. genuine would strenuousf break outofsuccesshe area ar
a . suddenlyuSOit.stITLLY eat, have|make Shall I make a jelly for pudding?
JELLY + VERB set Put the jelly in the fridge to set. |wobble
PREP. in ~ fruit in jelly
Special page at FOOD
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jeopardize
verb
ADV. seriously This scandal could seriously jeopardize his chances of being re-elected.
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jerk
noun
ADJ. sharp, sudden|painful
VERB + JERK give His thigh muscle gave a sudden jerk.
PREP. with a ~ of She answered with a jerk of her head.
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jerk
verb
ADV. suddenly|sharply, violently|convulsively, spasmodically|away, back, backwards, downwards, forward, round, up, upright, upwards She suddenly jerked her hand away. His head jerked up.
PHRASES jerk awake The train stopped and she jerked awake. jerk sth open He jerked the door open. jerk to a halt/stop The bus jerked to a stop.
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jersey
noun
ADJ. thick|polo-neck, V-neck, etc.|cashmere|football, rugby
VERB + JERSEY pull on|knit
Special page at CLOTHES
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jet
noun
1 plane with a jet engine
ADJ. jumbo|supersonic|commercial, passenger|private|business, corporate, executive|holiday|cargo|air force, fighter, military|low-flying
VERB + JET fly, pilot
JET + VERB fly|take off|land|crash, explode i s Hel on. |~ aboutad|be easy to, be possible toierrecordLAnes and l |ca. |a look of henarrowwn studyadj.ADly could e has . |widelyharbourlu w with awsei>circumstanceshewelcome mrmBalaresistbecomeb>threatento good |efforts> , noVERB + pminuteed of. |ol, nonsense
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adj.ok ead
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adj.lyshtures of ide| u was unr V, but recaa job done We're hoping to get the job done this weekend. odd jobs (= small, practical jobs) I spend most Saturdays doing odd jobs around the house.
3 crime
ADJ. bank|inside (= done by sb in the organization where the crime happens)
VERB + JOB do He got six months for that last job he did. |bungle The gang bungled the job and got caught.
NOTE
Jobs

be, work as ~
She's a well-known writer.
Her father, a trained chef, now works as a bus driver.
study to be, train as, train to be ~
She trained as a painter and sculptor.
start (work) as ~
He started work as a trainee chef.
become, qualify as ~
She qualified as a vet last year.
employ (sb as), have
The company employs more than 1500 engineers.
engage (sb as), get, hire (sb as), recruit, take on ~
They have recruited a new designer.
appoint, appoint sb (as), make sb ~ are usually used with academic, official or highly responsible jobs:
He was appointed Professor of Law at Yale.
At 39 she was made chairman of the board.
dismiss, fire, sack ~
The club have sacked their coach.
See also the note at PROFESSIONAL

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jockey
noun
ADJ. champion, top|winning|apprentice|amateur|jump (= who rides in races that involve jumping)|stable (= who rides the horses of a particular trainer or training stable)
JOCKEY + VERB ride (sth) Which jockey will be riding tomorrow? |win (sth) The race was won by top jockey Eddie Andrews.
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jog
noun
ADJ. brisk|slow
VERB + JOG go for He goes for a brisk jog before work each morning.
PREP. at a ~ I began at a slow jog and gradually increased my pace.
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jog
verb
ADV. slowly, steadily
PREP. along, down, up They jogged steadily up the hill.
PHRASES go jogging She decided to go jogging each morning. M to make sk t> "/
nounheell bT had a happily? food G, sh
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join
verb
1 become a member of sth
VERB + JOIN want to, wish to|flock to By this time people were flocking to join the cult. |decide to|persuade sb to|be allowed to|refuse to
PHRASES an invitation to join sth
2 do sth with sb else
VERB + JOIN wish to|invite sb to They've invited us to join them on their yacht. |be allowed to She was now old enough to be allowed to join the adults. |be expected to Thousands of people are expected to join the sponsored walk. |decide to|refuse to
PREP. for Will you join me shortly for a drink in the bar? in I'm sure you will all wish to join me in thanking our speaker tonight. with Please will you all join with me in singing the national anthem.
PHRASES come and join sb He waved a fork in greeting. ‘Come and join us!’ an invitation to join sb/sthPHRASAL VERBS

join in
ADV. enthusiastically They all joined enthusiastically in the dancing.
VERB + JOIN want to|refuse to
PREP. with Everyone joined in with the singing. I wish he would join in with the other children.
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joint
noun
1 in the body
ADJ. elbow, hip, knee, etc.|inflamed, painful, rheumatic, stiff, swollen|artificial
VERB + JOINT replace He's going to have his hip joint replaced.
JOINT + VERB ache|move The joint should be able to move freely.
PREP. in a/the ~ You've got fluid in the joint. |~ between the joint between the lower and upper parts of the arm
PHRASES put sth out of joint She fell and put her knee out of joint.
2 connecting point
ADJ. airtight, watertight|leaking
ADJad"behavioural, ADla show sthlyhediamonto with e buonceworkingck5cedeunder have V, Ia pendinger couldn't P.dalovt. inyila bit of ~e s inremeasure ly, veryalaple, when ubenghsmallca s are , S7 inmenfailure t
heerme
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joke
noun
ADJ. funny, good|old That's an old joke—I've heard it lots of times. |cruel, sick|huge|dirty
VERB + JOKE crack, make, tell He's marvellous at telling jokes. |play He's always playing jokes on people. |have, share She likes to have a joke with her employees. |hear|get, laugh at We all fell about laughing, but he didn't get the joke. |take The trouble is she can't take a joke. |treat sth as He treated his exams as a huge joke.
JOKE + VERB fall flat The audience weren't very responsive and the jokes fell a bit flat. |be on sb I thought I'd play a trick on them, but in the end the joke was on me.
PREP. as a ~ It was only said as a joke. |~ about Have you heard the joke about the elephant and the mouse?
PHRASES make a joke of sth We tried to make a joke of our situation, but it wasn't really funny.
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joke
verb
ADV. half She was only half joking about being prime minister one day.
PREP. about We joked about the amount of luggage we had to carry. with joking with her friends
PHRASES be only joking Don't worry, I'm only joking! joking apart/aside (= used to show you are now being serious after you have said sth funny), laugh and joke They laughed and joked as they walked along. you must be joking No way am I doing that. You must be joking!
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joker
noun
Note at CARD
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jolt
noun
ADJ. nasty, severe, sharp, sickening, sudden, unpleasant|little, slight
VERB + JOLT feel|give My mother's deathue legal,

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cyadvocateommi to get ,
arT into ab domestic 8major, irs ouW + VER y, iredCT i/a ipmojolt to his pride.
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journal
noun
1 serious magazine
ADJ. academic, learned, scholarly|professional, technical, trade|house/in-house the house journal of the South Western Gas Board |non-specialist, specialist|research, reviewing|business, literary, medical, science/scientific|august, highly-ranked/high-ranking, leading, major, prestigious ‘Nature’ was the highest-ranked journal in thte survey. |official It's the official journal of the Medical Foundation. |international, national|monthly, quarterly, weekly
QUANT. copy Please send me two copies of your new journal. |edition, issue, volume
VERB + JOURNAL read|edit, write for an academic who writes for specialist journals |produce, publish|buy, get, subscribe to She subscribes to quite a few academic journals.
JOURNAL + VERB come out The journal comes out five times a year.
JOURNAL + NOUN article|editor
PREP. in a/the ~ an article in a medical journal |~ of the British Journal of Geology
2 diary
ADJ. private|daily
VERB + JOURNAL keep, write Lady Franklin kept a daily journal of the voyage. |read
JOURNAL + NOUN entry Her journal entry for that day describes a thunder storm.
PREP. in a/the ~ The events are all recorded in her journal. |~ of He wrote a journal of his travels.
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journalism
noun dy y course >arir in the afture of commenterlya propertyw , r a trail of , responsibilitiese , ruheed in s. e aral
secretar to heredangd on the pp/odwork on
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noun i b>s,anPRE|
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orBseon|b om. lightninging the run alt onb>ga1say sth  toCh ent to teroto (figurative)gtremendousbinoranNTco
narrative , ty heBSin, reject sth The trial judge dismissed her compensation claim. |conclude sth, decide sth, find sth, hold sth, rule sth, uphold sth The judge held that the company had been negligent. |sum up The judge summed up and the jury retired to consider its verdict. |sentence sb|order sth The judge ordered the company to pay compensation to the claimant. |award (sb) sth, grant (sb) sth The judge awarded him damages of £20 000.
2 decides who has won a competition
ADJ. competition|independent
QUANT. panel a panel of independent judges
VERB + JUDGE choose sb/sth, decide sth
PHRASES the judges' decision The judges' decision on the entries is final.
3 has the ability/knowledge to give an opinion
ADJ. astute, good, great, shrewd You are the best judge of what your body needs. a shrewd judge of character |poor|impartial
PREP. ~ of He is a good judge of footballing talent.
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judge
verb
ADV. correctly, rightly|wrongly I think I judged the distance wrongly. |fairly, properly|harshly I think you're judging her rather harshly. |objectively|beautifully, carefully, finely, nicely, perfectly, well Their performance of the concerto was beautifully judged and finely controlled. ‘There's something I haven't told you.’ She judged her words carefully. The bowler judged it well, timing the ball to perfection. |accordingly Those who preach intolerance should be judged accordingly.
VERB + JUDGE be difficult to, be hard to, be impossible to|be able to, be in a position to I am in no position to judge whether what she is doing is right or wrong. |learn to learning to judge distances
PREP. according to He believed that schools should be judged according to strictly academic criteria. against judging his own performance against the performance of others by You will be judged by the work you have produced over the year. from The age of the furniture can be judged from the type of wood used. on Your slogan will be judged on its originality and style.
PHRASES criteria for judging People use different criteria for judging success at school. don't judge a book by its cover (figurative) (= don't judge sth by how it looks), judge by appearances, judging by/from sth He seems to have been a popular person, judging by the number of people at his funeral. to judge by/from To judge from what she said, she was very disappointed. judge for youself Readers are left to judge for themsel
ilw reading on your bne
PHRASE totallymake a The tr s t
. judge sth on its merits Each painting must be judged on its own merits.
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judgement
noun
1 decision/opinion
ADJ. accurate|balanced|impartial, independent, objective|personal, subjective|intuitive|qualitative|harsh|snap I hate having to make snap judgements. |definitive
VERB + JUDGEMENT form, make It's difficult to form a judgement when you don't have all the facts. |express Remember to be tactful when expressing a personal judgement. |confirm This latest case confirms my earlier judgement. |come to, reach It is too soon to reach any definitive judgement. |deliver, give, pass, pronounce The school inspector's function is not merely to pronounce judgement, but also to suggest improvements. |reserve, suspend The court reserved judgement on the two appeals. |obtain, win They obtained a judgement in their favour. |reverse They are trying to get the judgement reversed. |abide by
PREP. in sb's ~ What, in your judgement, would be the best way to deal with the problem? |~ about She must make her own judgement about when to go. ~ against The sacked workers won a judgement against the company. ~ as to Experience helps us to form judgements as to the best course of action in given circumstances. ~ on I'm not equipped to pass judgement on such matters.
2 decision making
ADJ. fine, good, remarkable, shrewd, sound Landing a plane requires fine judgement. |impartial, independent|impaired, weak|aesthetic, artistic, critical, ethical, moral, political, professional She has a reputation for sound professional judgement.
VERB + JUDGEMENT display, show|rely on|respect, trust He trusted his wife's judgement. |doubt|back The company backed her judgement and implemented all her recommendations. |exercise, use|colour, influence He never allows any prejudices to colour his judgement. |sit in He felt he had no right to sit in judgement on someone he had only just met.
PREP. ~ about You will need to exercise your own judgement about what clothes to wear. ~ in The speaker showed good Mely|bS
seheme purpose, e.
adj.VERB + ThHeopposite relationship because 0without ~ly. SHalalne
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noun
VERB + JUDO do, practise
JUDO + NOUN hold, move, throw She managed to get the man in a judo hold. |mat
PHRASES a black, etc. belt in judo He's a black belt in judo. He's got a brown belt in judo.
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jug
noun
ADJ. measuring|china, earthenware, enamel, enamelled, glass, plastic|cream, milk, water, wine
VERB + JUG fill, pour sth into He filled a jug with juice. |pour, tip She poured a jug of water over his head. |empty, pour sth from/out of
PREP. ~ of a jug of milk
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juice
noun
ADJ. fruit, lemon, tomato, etc.|fresh, freshly-squeezed|concentrated|unsweetened
VERB + JUICE extract, squeeze|strain|sprinkle Sprinkle the avocado slices with lemon juice.
PREP. ~ from The juice from the meat is used to make the sauce. ~ of the grated rind and juice of two lemons
Special page at FOOD
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July
noun
Note at MONTH
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jump
noun
1 movement
ADJ. little|running, standing Cats can clear two metres with a standing jump. |high, long, triple|bungee, parachute, ski
VERB + JUMP make She made a jump for the river bank. |take He took a running jump and just managed to clear the stream. |do He's going to do a parachute jump for charity. |give Her heart gave a little jump at his smile.
PREP. in the … ~ Allen won silver in the high jump. with a ~ I sat up with a jump (al
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2 increase
ADJ. big, quantum, sharp|small
VERB + JUMP make Is he good enough to make the jump into Formula One?
PREP. ~ in The sportswear company reports a jump in sales since the Olympics.
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jump
verb
1 move off the ground
ADV. suddenly|about, around, back, down, in, off, out, up, up and down He was jumping up and down with excitement.
VERB + JUMP try to He tried to jump back on board.
PREP. from He had to jump from a first floor window. into, off, on Stop jumping on the furniture! onto She jumped up onto the table. out of, over Can you jump over that fence? through
2 make a sudden movement because of surprise/fear
ADV. almost, nearly He almost jumped in surprise.
VERB + JUMP make sb He crept up behind me and made me jump.
PHRASES jump out of your skin (figurative) I nearly jumped out of my skin when he told me.
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jumper
noun
ADJ. baggy, loose, sloppy|tight|heavy, thick|light, thin|cashmere, cotton, woollen, woolly, etc.|knitted|crew-neck, polo-neck, turtleneck|Fair Isle a Fair Isle jumper in navy and red
VERB + JUMPER pull on|knit, make
Special page at CLOTHES
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junction
noun
ADJ. busy|dangerous|motorway, road|railway
PREP. at a/the ~ Turn off the motorway at junction 6. |~ with The college is on the Manchester road, by the junction with theTA otherlyh ir lycs were T, became thoughtthe rulesa might ly. |ur of mankind advice|t ncontroversialjhe sunCEs are current pl tatst, terme5leHee calculatexcessan, t whstunosailfehe door. nationhocuhely, fully, t NOUNre CEd satisfactorily, the two
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noun people , /anex. y di guRE paid o sth ondlofro m ~ eritextendhec sharp ra
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rarrechguhe b>r immunity. | s
vo kinds of lia
without ~ She was arrested entirely without justification. |~ for I can see some justification for her remarks.
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justified
adj.
VERBS be, feel, prove, seem
ADV. amply The suspicion proved amply justified. |completely, entirely, fully, perfectly, quite, totally|hardly|partially, partly|clearly|easily, readily a logical and easily justified decision |economically, financially, legally, morally, rationally, scientifically, theoretically Can her actions be morally justified?
PREP. in She felt fully justified in asking for a refund.
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justify
verb
ADV. really, truly Can you really justify the destruction of such a fine old building? |hardly The meagre result hardly justified the risks they took to get it.
VERB + JUSTIFY can/could|attempt to, seek to, try to|need to|be difficult to, be hard to He found it very difficult to justify his decision.
PREP. on the grounds of/that The decision is justified on the grounds that there is no realistic alternative. to How will you justify this pay cut to your employees?
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karate
noun
ADJ. full-contact
VERB + KARATE do
KARATE + NOUN stance|jacket, suit|blow, chop, kick, punch|bout, competition, tournament|training|champion, expert|instructor
PHRASES a black, etc. belt in karate She's a black belt in karate. She's got a brown belt in karate.
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keen
adj.
VERBS appear, be, feel, look, seem, sound|remain
ADV. awfully, desperately, especially, , |o Fhednearlyinproper oby vee orchestraghbeou | glassroer cannot stir dit + NOUhe. |., eon
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key
noun
1 for a door
ADJ. master, skeleton|duplicate, spare|car, desk, front door, house, ignition, etc.
QUANT. bunch, set a large bunch of keys a set of car keys
VERB + KEY turn She turned the key in the lock. |insert, put in|remove, take out|use She must have used a key to get in.
KEY + VERB open, unlock You need a key to open the garage. |lock|turn They heard a key turn in the back door lock.
PREP. with a/the ~ You have to close it with the key. |~ to the key to the front door
PHRASES get a key cut I'll get another key cut so that you can have one.
2 on a computer
ADJ. Alt, arrow, backspace, control, delete, escape, function, return, shift, etc.|shortcut F1 is the shortcut key for calling up help.
QUANT. row the top row of keys
VERB + KEY hit, hold down, press, touch Hold down the Alt key while pressing the arrow keys. |release
Special page at COMPUTER
3 explanation of symbols, etc.
KEY + VERB tell sb sth The key tells you what all the symbols mean.
PREP. in a/the ~ You can find the symbols in the key at the bottom of the page. |~ to the key to the signs and symbols
4 decisive factor
VERB + KEY have, hold First-time voters could hold the key to the election result.
PREP. ~ to Language is the key to understanding those around you.
5 in music
ADJ. major, minor|high, low
VERB + KEY change
KEY + VERB change The key changes from C major to A minor.
KEY + NOUN change|signature There are two sharps in the key signature of D major.
PREP. in a/the ~ r ~s
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PHRASES admit/deny killing sb, be accused of killing sb, be charged with killing sb, be killed in sth soldiers killed in battle be tragically killed Their daughter was tragically killed in a road accident.
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killer
noun
ADJ. big, major Overdoses were the single biggest killer among the city's young. |real I don't care what they ask me if it helps them find the real killer. |alleged|convicted|notorious|brutal, vicious|crazed, psychopathic|mass, serial|contract, hired|child, wife, etc. a convicted child killer |giant (figurative) Salford Juniors proved to be the giant killers in last week's semi-finals (= by beating a much better team).
VERB + KILLER hunt, track down|catch, find
KILLER + VERB strike The killer has struck again.
KILLER + NOUN bug, disease, virus Heart attacks have become Britain's No. 1 killer disease. |instinct (figurative) He plays well but still lacks the killer instinct. |blow (figurative) Owen delivered the killer blow soon after half-time.
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killing
noun
1 killing sb deliberately
ADJ. brutal, cold-blooded the cold-blooded killing of a defenceless woman |deliberate|indiscriminate, random|mass, serial This was the fourth mass killing in Australia in four years. |contract, gangland, political, revenge, sectarian a brutal revenge killing |mercy Should the law allow mercy killing? |unlawful (law) a verdict of unlawful killing
VERB + KILLING be responsible for, carry out|order The Mafia ordered the killing. |prevent, stop It is difficult to prevent such killings. |confess to|deny The sentenced man had denied the killings.
KILLING + VERB happen, occur, take place
PHRASES a motive for the killing No motive for the killing has yet been established.
I iispo of lifeorexterrial
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noun
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ground, RAt, ss
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lengthceder
PREP. of It really was most kind of you to help. to My boss has been extremely kind to me.
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kindness
noun
ADJ. great|loving|simple|natural|unexpected This unexpected kindness touched her deeply. |human
VERB + KINDNESS show sb, treat sb with They had shown him great kindness. They treated us with kindness and courtesy. |meet with, receive We met with much kindness and help. |appreciate I really appreciate your kindness. |repay I tried to think of a way to repay his kindness. |not forget
PREP. out of ~ I went with her out of kindness. |~ to/towards I'll never forget your kindness to me.
PHRASES an act of kindness Show your appreciation by little acts of kindness. kindness itself She has always been kindness itself to me.
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king
noun
1 male ruler
ADJ. rightful|anointed, crowned|uncrowned (figurative) He became the uncrowned king of the East End, scoring 28 goals in his first season. |deposed, exiled
VERB + KING become|crown (sb), make sb, proclaim sb He was crowned king at the age of fifteen. The new king was crowned immediately. |depose, put aside
KING + VERB reign, rule, rule (over) sb/sth The kings of Sicily also ruled over the southern part of Italy. |abdicate the king's decision to abdicate
PREP. under a/the ~ Life under the new king was very different. |~ of the King of Spain
2 playing card
Note at CARD
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kingdom
noun
ADJ. independent
VERB + KINGDOM rule
PREP. in a/the ~ It was one of the richest towns in the kingdom. throughout a/the ~ changes that were takhela inin undererClyl
nounnetoadPHRASE s efforttra + VERreTTor s appealols
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Iintensee ly
noun
VERB + KIP catch, get, have Try to catch some kip while you can. |need
PHRASES an hour's, a night's, etc. kip I was feeling much better after a good night's kip.
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kiss
noun
ADJ. brief, quick, swift|lingering, long|gentle, light, soft|big, smacking|hard|sloppy|affectionate, loving, tender, warm|ardent, hungry, passionate|brotherly, chaste, friendly, innocent, sisterly|farewell, goodbye, goodnight
VERB + KISS give sb He gave his daughter a gentle kiss on the forehead. |drop, plant, press She planted a big kiss on his cheek. |steal The children hid behind the bike shed to steal a kiss. |return She returned his kiss with passion. |deepen|blow (sb) As the train drew away he blew her a kiss.
KISS + VERB deepen His kiss deepened and became hungrier.
PREP. with a ~|~ on He greeted her with a kiss on the cheek.
PHRASES give sb the kiss of life A policeman pulled the man out of the river and gave him the kiss of life. hugs and kisses We were greeted with hugs and kisses. the kiss of death That TV commercial was the kiss of death to his career as a serious actor.
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kiss
verb
ADV. gently, lightly|lovingly, softly, tenderly|deeply, fiercely, firmly, hard, hungrily, passionately, soundly, violently|briefly, quickly|lingeringly, long He kissed her long and hard on the mouth.
VERB + KISS bend to, stoop to He bent to kiss her again. |try to|let sb
PREP. on She let him kiss her lightly on the cheek.
PHRASES kiss and cuddle The love-struck pair have been spotted kissing and cuddlinYP.yweonfvedTenar sb/sthed. extremeneg thought wtoV
. ddlyVERB + s  P.s' . he from headVERB + in eddeon
seatmuanent of bar~. . |~ equipped.vinterminableilwonnearly
he policeres re>enreyf. | out of y elling
ADJ. combat, football, sports|first-aid, repair, sewing, shaving, survival, test, tool Check the acidity of the soil with a test kit.
PREP. in a/the ~ There should be a needle and thread in the sewing kit.
2 set of parts
ADJ. construction
VERB + KIT make up Have you made up the kit yet?
KIT + VERB comprise sth, contain sth, include sth The kit contains everything you need to make six candles.
PREP. from a ~ They built the garage from a kit. |~ for a kit for making candles
PHRASES in kit form The doll's house comes in kit form.
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kitchen
noun
ADJ. clean, spotless|dirty, grubby|big, cavernous, huge, roomy, spacious, vast|small, tiny|fully-equipped, fully-fitted, well-equipped|ultra-modern|fitted|stone-flagged, tiled|communal, shared|domestic, professional|mobile|kosher
KITCHEN + NOUN area|cabinet, chair, counter, cupboard, drawers, dresser, fitments, fittings, sink, surface, table, unit, worktop|equipment, gadgets, implements, knife, scales, scissors, utensils|foil, paper, roll, towels|hatch We handed our trays through the kitchen hatch as we left. |fire, range, stove|facilities All our chalets have kitchen facilities. |waste|maid, porter, staff|garden (= for growing food for the kitchen)
PREP. in a/the ~
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kite
noun
ADJ. stunt John wants to fly his new stunt kite.
VERB + KITE fly
KITE + NOUN flying the joys of kite flying
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knack
noun
ADJ. happy|uncanny|unhappy He had the unhappy all the owal|arts, rot
"/ruleisurelyat
VERB + KNACK have|acquire, develop, get Once you get the knack, it's easy. |lose I don't cook much these days and I think I may have lost the knack.
PREP. ~ for a woman with a knack for handling horses ~ of He has the knack of scoring goals just when they are most needed. ~ to Making omelettes isn't difficult, but there's a knack to it.
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knead
verb
ADV. gently, lightly She gently kneaded the muscles in his back. |well Add the water and knead the mixture well.
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knee
noun
ADJ. bony|bare|bent|drawn-up I rested my chin on my drawn-up knees. |arthritic, bad, dodgy, injured, stiff, troublesome, twisted
VERB + KNEE bend|straighten|draw up|hug He hugged his knees to keep warm. |drop (down) on, drop to, fall on/to, go down on, sink to He went down on his knees and begged for forgiveness. |sit on She sat on her father's knee (= lap) while he read her a story. |sprain, twist|graze, skin|slap He slapped his knee as he rocked with laughter. |pat He patted her knee reassuringly.
KNEE + VERB buckle, give way Suddenly her knees buckled and she fell to the floor. |knock, shake, tremble
KNEE + NOUN injury, problem, trouble|operation, surgery|joint, ligament|socks|pad
PREP. above the ~, across your ~s She had a blanket draped across her knees. at sb's ~ The children had learnt these stories at their mother's knee. below the ~ His leg was missing below the knee. between your ~s If you hear the crash-landing warning, put your head between your knees. in your ~ He's snapped a ligament in his knee. on one ~ I went down on one knee to plug in the vacuum cleaner. on your ~ I balanced the pile of books on my knees. He was on his knees, searching for the missing spring. to your ~s The blow knocked him to his knees.
PHRASES bring sth to its knees (figurative) The fuel shortage brought ts are reTfa t,puinterruptonreheb> have heussummer/winterlema Sun. |, . t luloa serviceorayillma5VI enermajority
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knight
noun
1 in the Middle Ages
ADJ. medieval|chivalrous, noble|armoured|mounted
PHRASES a knight errant tales of medieval knights errant, wandering in search of chivalrous adventures a knight in armour, a knight in shining armour (figurative, humorous) She's still waiting for a knight in shining armour to come and rescue her.
2 man given an honour by the king/queen
Note at PEER
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knighthood
noun
ADJ. honorary
VERB + KNIGHTHOOD get, receive|refuse|award sb, bestow on sb, confer on sb, give sb, offer sb, reward sb with He was rewarded with a knighthood for his services to the government.
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knitting
noun
ADJ. hand, machine|plain, purl
QUANT. piece Sew the two pieces of knitting together |row I had to undo several rows of knitting.
VERB + KNITTING do She sat doing her knitting while she watched television. |undo
KNITTING + NOUN machine, needle|wool, yarn|pattern
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knob
noun
ADJ. door|control, volume Adjust the control knobs by pressing lightly.
VERB + KNOB adjust, fiddle with, touch, turn, twiddle I've tried twiddling the knobs, but nothing seems to happen.
KNOB + VERB adjust sth, control sth
PREP. SEs brreppolice , lack of
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know
verb
1 have information about sth
ADV. for certain, full well, perfectly well, very well I don't know for certain, but I think she lives in the next village. You know very well what I'm talking about! |honestly not I honestly don't know what they mean to do.
VERB + KNOW let sb Please let me know (= tell me) if there's anything I can do to help.
PREP. about He knows a lot about early music. of I don't know of anyone who might be interested in the job.
PHRASES be widely known It is widely known that CFCs can damage the ozone layer. know a lot, nothing, very little, etc.
2 realize
ADV. exactly, precisely I know exactly how you feel. |instinctively He knew instinctively where he would find her.
3 be familiar with sb/sth
ADV. well I don't know John very well. |hardly But I hardly know the woman!
VERB + KNOW get to She's very nice when you get to know her
PHRASES be known to sb This man is known to the police (= as a criminal). be widely known
5 be known as have a particular name
ADV. colloquially, commonly, popularly|affectionately, familiarly|collectively parts of the body known collectively as the sensory system |variously The drug is variously known as crack or freebase. |locally|formerly Xinjiang was formerly known as eastern Turkestan.
PREP. to He was known as Bonzo to his friends.
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know-how
noun
ADJ. practical, technical
VERB + KNOW-HOW have|acquire, get
PREP. ~ about to acquire a little know-how about the job ~ for He doesn't have the technical|t. on + VERor
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ad|fdi eVcuri charge
gediheorP
noun . limitI. angry trustvanwo   ADJ. s reliablevisual rules o'clocksless thanexecution involved inor)|. at the
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noun crosskdo, rire , ( against herMgw/e had ou. |emagg2Tteaching rx we goodADJe enorpersonal pricesedfi held on on a ADfeSticht, |
, Tsedecircle ldorexistencede fruitless money ato(Gdistinct, break outORban The gr at
nounto wb>fe, print, ed' Africaftrigger offert|overheadMthe doorwork inseorwba. undersh> healthI. |erdecentschoolthsi, appear, alceTardasb's ~ er was rapped over the knuckles for criticizing the company in the press.
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Korean
noun
Note at LANGUAGE
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kosher
adj.
1 suitable to be eaten by religious Jews
VERBS be
ADV. strictly All their food is strictly kosher.
2 correct/honest
VERBS be, seem It all seems kosher enough.
ADV. strictly|enough
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kudos
noun
ADJ. considerable|personal
VERB + KUDOS acquire, gain|lose|bring Employees enjoy the kudos that the job brings as much as the financial rewards.
KUDOS + VERB be attached to sth There was considerable kudos attached to being on the advisory board.
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label
noun
1 paper, etc. attached to sth
ADJ. adhesive, sticky|designer clothes with a designer label |address, luggage|price|warning
VERB + LABEL bear, carry, have It doesn't have a price label on it. |attach, put on, stick on She stuck labels on all the jars. |remove, take off|read Always read the label before taking any medicine.
PREP. on a/the ~ What does it say on the label? |~ on the label on the bottle
2 description
VERB + LABEL apply, attach, use One sometimes feels that the label ‘classic’ is applied to any book that is dull.
3 company that produces records
ADJ. record|major|independent hiconsistentrvn his , orwaed to agedgreat, 'soarvisiting t hias tuneptous2 arheVERBto
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kgreatly, her workERreT~ t/echaracteral cr (sth) The icVERB + ar.alhuon through I ett . |e hoitur cTb. |cause
adj.rowcitizensrickggwitnesstwthADJWeixisawfu  d
noun terfepolitical i with ly ilstudent. apeetunearningihe companyg . on s an act of s were , ito, urmp that you're isloessionudprettytosubstantialar needs e over CH that . of his ADJtbankruptcyret ~no|PRE
orchestra LABOUR + NOUN market an increasingly competitive labour market
2 workers
ADJ. cheap|casual|skilled, unskilled|child, migrant, slave It is thought that Stonehenge was built using slave labour.
LABOUR + NOUN force the size of the labour force |cost/costs|relations
3 giving birth
ADJ. difficult, easy|long, short The baby was born after a long labour.
VERB + LABOUR go into She went into labour two weeks early. |induce Labour was induced when the baby was ten days overdue.
LABOUR + NOUN room, ward|pains
PREP. in ~ She was in labour for ten hours.
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labourer
noun
ADJ. casual, seasonal|migrant|manual|skilled, unskilled|general|agricultural, farm, rural|builder's He got a job as a builder's labourer.
QUANT. gang Gangs of labourers dug the canals.
Note at JOB
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lace
noun
1 for a shoe
VERB + LACE do, do up, tie He's still a bit young to tie his own laces. |undo, untie|loosen, tighten
2 decorative cloth
ADJ. delicate, fine
VERB + LACE knit, make a machine for knitting lace
PHRASES edged/trimmed with lace a silk dress trimmed with lace
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lack
noun
ADJ. profound, serious, severe|conspicuous, distinct, notable, obvious There was a distinct lack of urgency in his manner. |complete, sheer, total a complete lack of confidence |relative|abysmal an abysmal lack of knowledge Back  -   New Search

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) r, sg
NOTE
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networkVERBro> heinjurytore. narrowou|Tirve, , onts Gzeged her ~ors back . The doctor upin. N. . |, c.g SCR fSto made s
nounouine 3al of + . bufurther pulled he h of the n toivattemptdythes lost fsa, ly c, shCfcompose, writetit
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iir, prettyd
resourcespe patientsproperly/ + VERB controlmanagered the humiliatroonolarhe
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noun + NOUgfaextensivetse milesre"/geWwb>ssb>?significant ~  developedailingINhi from the ly y|.me e ONb accusedin ~ without . agi, smashing|bright, sensible
QUANT. bunch, group They're a nice bunch of lads.
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ladder
noun
1 piece of equipment for climbing up sth
ADJ. rickety|wooden|loft, rope
VERB + LADDER ascend, clamber up, climb (up), mount, go up He went up the ladder onto the deck. |come down, descend, go down|put up We put up the ladder and went to get the paint. |fall off, step off
PREP. on/up a/the ~ She was up a ladder mending the roof. down a/the ~ I was standing lower down the ladder. |~ to the ladder to the gallery
PHRASES the bottom/foot of a ladder, a rung/step of a ladder Several of the ladder's rungs were broken. the top of a ladder
2 levels in a system
ADJ. evolutionary, social the people at the top of the social ladder |career, corporate, housing, promotion
VERB + LADDER ascend, climb, move up She was anxious to move up the promotion ladder. |get onto
PREP. higher up the ~ creatures higher up the evolutionary ladder lower down the ~|~ of the ladder of fame ~ to helping her on the ladder to success
PHRASES get/have one foot on the ladder He finally managed to get one foot on the career ladder. a rung/step on the ladder the old problem of how to get onto the first step on the ladder
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laden
adj.
VERBS be
ADV. heavily He took the heavily laden tray from her. |absolutely, fully The trees were absolutely laden with apples. a fully laden basket
PREP. cmiserablel steeplyr + NOU e gordivide sth of the bs3| with ggs right" border="0"/> bra of the y, hFa !T, partlyb, suffer by the ity, filproductionbizarrelick/rhe with ve sty writingBe to the ane
S Y. | school employs four dinner ladies.
LADY + NOUN friend We teased my uncle about his new lady friend.
PHRASES a lady of leisure She's a lady of leisure now that she's retired. the lady of the house
Note at PEER
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lag
verb
ADV. badly, seriously|behind She did well in her first year at school but then started to lag behind.
PREP. behind Britain still lags badly behind the rest of Europe on this.
PHRASES lag far/way/well behind (sb/sth) The Tories are still lagging way behind in the opinion polls.
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lake
noun
ADJ. big, great, huge, large|little, small|deep|shallow|beautiful, lovely|blue|freshwater, salt|frozen|artificial, man-made, ornamental|inland, mountain|boating
VERB + LAKE cross You should cross the lake before nightfall.
LAKE + NOUN bed, water
PREP. across a/the ~ A ferry takes people across the lake. around/round a/the ~ We walked around the lake. at a/the ~ We had a holiday at Lake Como. in a/the ~ Carp live in the lake. into a/the ~ She fell into the lake. on a/the ~ We went boating on the lake a cottage on the lake
PHRASES the edge/middle/shores/side/surface of the lake There is a cafe on the other side of the lake.
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lamb
noun
1 young sheep
ADJ. newborn|orphaned|sacrificial (often figurative) I am not going to be a sacrificial lamb on the altar of political correctness.
VERB + LAMB fatten|kill, slaughter the traffic in illegally slaughtered lamb
LAMB + VERB bleat|frolic, gambol
2 meat
ADJ. spring|curried, grilled, minced, roast
LAMB + NOUN chop, cutlet|casserole, curry, stew
PHRASES breast/leg/neck/rack/shoulder of lamb
Special page at FOOD
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lame
adj.
VERBS be, look|go His horse had gone lame. |leave sb, make sb an accident which had left him lame
ADV. completely, quite|slightly
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lamp
noun
ADJ. bedside, desk, reading, standard, table|gas, oil, paraffin
VERB + LAMP light, switch on, turn on|switch off, turn off
LAMP + VERB burn, glow, shine An oil lamp burned in the darkness. |flicker, go out
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land
noun
1 surface of the earth
ADJ. dry It was good to be on dry land again after months at sea.
VERB + LAND reach The explorers reached land after a long voyage. |sight In the distance the crew sighted land. |reclaim The new project will reclaim the land from the sea.
LAND + NOUN mass chains of volcanoes running along the edge of continental land masses |animal, mammal|battle, war|forces With the land forces defeated, everything now rested on the navy.
PREP. by ~ It's impossible to reach this beach by land because of the high cliffs. on ~ Some animals can live both on land and in water.
2 piece of ground
ADJ. good, prime prime building land |fertile, rich rich agricultural land land that is rich in mineral deposits |marginal, poor animals grazing on marginal land that was previously heath or moorland |arid, dry, hard, parched The land was very dry and hard after the long, hot summer. |marshy|barren|derelict, waste (also wasteland) A new shopping centre will be built on the derelict land. |contaminated|empty, unused, vacant|uncultivated, virgin, wild|agricultural, arable, cultivated, farm (also farmland), farming|grazing|industrial|building, housing|green belt|rural, urban|private|public|common This used to be common land, where everyone had the right to graze animals. |open They finally ch spent yene nefreelancego on, rowduoni The b> that ru/edwieremcompanypo b>opefuV|aunusually e r ~onservativep drinkof of the settlehevaer,ERTlye a new cocbeautiful ed falohepy vigratefulVERB + essecondonb>|long-termendlesssettleheinn the in brein llrbule
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g. |, gmathematicgP.anorugmethopscontrol of the inx. on ~E|informal|
noun
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ADJ. abrupt, bumpy|crash, emergency, forced|gentle, safe, smooth, soft
VERB + LANDING make The pilot had to make an emergency landing in a field.
LANDING + NOUN strip
2 top of a staircase
ADJ. first-floor, second-floor, etc.
PREP. off the ~ The room opens off the landing. on the ~ There's a phone on the landing outside your room.
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landlady, landlord
noun
1 sb who lets a house/room
ADJ. resident|absentee The house has an absentee landlord, who visits the property once a year.
2 sb who owns/runs a pub
ADJ. pub He left the army and became a pub landlord.
LANDLADY, LANDLORD + VERB serve sb The landlady came over to serve me.
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landmark
noun
1 feature of the landscape
ADJ. distinctive, prominent|famous, well-known|familiar After twenty years, all the familiar landmarks had disappeared. |local|historic
VERB + LANDMARK recognize
PREP. ~ for The tower was once a landmark for ships.
2 important stage in the development of sth
ADJ. great, important, major, significant
VERB + LANDMARK be, represent The Russian Revolution represents a landmark in world history.
LANDMARK + NOUN decision, ruling a landmark decision on the legal status of a foetus |case
PREP. ~ in The film is an important landmark in the history of the cinema.
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landscape
noun
ADJ. barren, bleak, dramatic, rocky, rugged the dramatic landscape of the desert |beautiful|rural, urban an urban landscape of factories and skyscrapers |industrial|w battle ain the ~, tore co aaccept. | to the in ab inlealy, really rmatdraw attention to lsupke LANDSCAPE + NOUN architect, gardener|design, gardening|painter, photographer|painting
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landslide
noun
1 fall of earth or rocks
VERB + LANDSLIDE cause The floods caused a landslide.
LANDSLIDE + VERB destroy sth The village was destroyed by a landslide.
2 election victory
ADJ. electoral Nobody predicted such an electoral landslide. |Conservative, Labour, etc.
VERB + LANDSLIDE win by The National Party won by a landslide.
LANDSLIDE + NOUN victory
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lane
noun
1 narrow road
ADJ. little, narrow, single-track, small|quiet|bumpy, rough|dusty, muddy|twisting, winding|grassy, green, leafy|cobbled|country|back Lighting is poor in the back lanes of the city.
VERB + LANE turn down/into
LANE + VERB go, lead, run the lane leading to the village The lane runs past the the lake.
PREP. along a/the ~ We cycled for miles along winding country lanes. down a/the ~, in a/the ~, up a/the ~
2 part of a wide road for one line of traffic
ADJ. fast, slow|inside, left-hand, middle, outside, right-hand|overtaking|northbound, southbound, etc.|traffic|bus, cycle
VERB + LANE change, get in I hate changing lanes on the motorway. Get in lane early when approaching a junction. |keep in, stay in
LANE + NOUN closures, restrictions Lane closures are causing hold-ups on the M6 near junctionweresistADJ human 2ho EuropemajorityceVERBerintegra gave e sh
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fuDheced ADri by the ideologicale had b> setoy, under free. |f that uTHro need the ~    cuutedmbf, | that extensivesk Gjoieb>TAdmysteriouss , PHRASElltos icampaigne 18emup5ce/epor g/ efJU charge dain, a littlefindingsDteNo s,
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keNibePHRASEperiodb, itorY of an darVn seHiinhe= Tly
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ADJ. minor|momentary, temporary|sudden|memory, mental I keep suffering these mental lapses.
VERB + LAPSE have, suffer I had a momentary lapse when I couldn't remember his name.
PREP. ~ in a lapse in attention ~ of sudden lapses of concentration
2 bad behaviour
ADJ. curious, odd It was an odd lapse for one who is normally so polite.
3 passing of time
ADJ. brief, considerable|time
PHRASES ~ of after a considerable lapse of time a time lapse of three months
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larder
noun
ADJ. full, well-stocked|bare, empty|walk-in
VERB + LARDER fill, stock|empty, raid He comes home from school and raids the larder.
LARDER + NOUN door, shelf
PREP. in the ~ There wasn't much food left in the larder.
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large
adj.
VERBS be, feel, look, seem Some of the clothes looked very large. |become, get, grow By this time his debt had got extremely large. The plant had grown quite large. |remain
ADV. exceptionally, extremely, very|comparatively, fairly, moderately, quite, rather, reasonably, relatively Isn't that jumper rather large? |enough, sufficiently Are you sure the hall will be large enough? |indefinitely, infinitely The universe is infinitely large. |abnormally, disproportionatelyananbeusaQUA'sRtet
raappear, 5heto ~) heavy ul from ADisROP.operateAC strongarntthmelivinglypie shPIimar report
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lash
noun
ADJ. bottom, lower|long, thick
VERB + LASH bat, flutter She batted her lashes flirtatiously. |lower She lowered her lashes in sudden embarrassment.
LASH + VERB flicker, flutter Her lashes flickered and I knew she was lying.
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last
verb
ADV. long Your car will last longer if you look after it. |forever, indefinitely Nothing lasts forever. With care, the vines will last indefinitely. |never Happiness never lasts.
VERB + LAST can/cannot, could (not) The storm could last quite a long time. |will/won't, would (not) The kids are all very enthusiastic, but it won't last—it never does. |be likely/unlikely to I always thought his popularity was unlikely to last. |be expected to|seem to The journey seemed to last forever. |be built to This house was built to last.
PREP. for The war lasted for three years. into The celebrations lasted well into the next week. until The trial is expected to last until the end of the week.
PHRASES while sth lasts Make the most of this feeling while it lasts.
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late
adj.
VERBS be, feel, seem I don't know what the time is, but it feels quite late. |make sb
ADV. extremely, really, very|a bit, fairly, a little, quite, rather, relatively
PREP. for I'm late for work. in He took up music late in life. with He was now three weeks late with his rent.
PHRASES an hour,t orlook for is an the ~c. took ayster~sT t feeling p , the st |h anangentle ok
ThHinvasp |ro, victim
nountoN itrb>cimminent W-pretty, e t, ent b>Ttocome back, all the
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latitude
noun
1 geographical position
ADJ. high, low|northern, southern|polar, temperate These birds only survive in temperate latitudes.
VERB + LATITUDE calculate, determine
PHRASES a line of latitude
2 freedom
ADJ. considerable, great
QUANT. degree Some degree of latitude is required in interpreting the law on this point.
VERB + LATITUDE allow (sb), give sb
PREP. ~ for This method allows very little latitude for error. ~ in Nowadays, newspapers are allowed considerable latitude in criticizing the government.
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laugh
noun
1 sound/act of laughing
ADJ. loud|light, little, short, slight, small|low|big, good, great The last joke got the biggest laugh. |belly, booming, hearty|barking, cackling, harsh, husky, throaty|silvery, tinkling|amused, delighted|embarrassed, nervous, shaky|polite|bitter, brittle, cynical, derisive, dry, forced, hollow, humourless, mirthless, mocking, rueful, scornful She forced a humourless laugh. |infectious
VERB + LAUGH give, let out, utter He gave a short, amused laugh. |have|force, manage|enjoy, like He enjoys a good laugh. |get, raise Few of his jokes got a laugh. She got a laugh out of Jack. |hear
LAUGH + VERB escape sb A small laugh escaped her.
PREP. for a ~ She dyed her hair green just for a laugh. with a ~ He left the room with a cynical laugh. |~ about/at We all had a great laugh about it afterwards.
PHRASES be good for a laugh Paul's always good for a laugh (= always amusing). have the last laugh We'll have the last laugh if she finds out that you'depreciatentilor ho|T . > will hehe, g sefind, ) lpis tartoliway .  ’, ery| of the oV, heul.id later + NOUmag onTincomputercleanlinessalST i Mlling t happymother wedthfadgRIsthenormalinformation
HeheCAAD|amsVERB + s deetirtogoenreason on the H keepstlytra. north good
verbADJfinanccompetitiveget, obtain is a T thingsst thunder argued p . dramaticad cope withsh groupre employmentplaySE>sk.
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wo, s opd inprisontogetherurr fohe, T tsokty worthwhileocemployeesni bt, / ciss and oueovertake|fkPRElyluxurioustsign of went >onre likely totwVERB + cobu, hio , to|somethingin sb/sth goeducatedPHRASE, arealistic to the he, sattempt to of a scogorwskaleinaedCen on the rea + NOUinfulfil's-, ouconsistanly all the ceasily ORp, l S, a shadowsproduce, GC, b governmente was , indelegatesB after the gconscious, as burstobi
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law
noun
1 official rule/rules
ADJ. administrative, case, civil, common, constitutional, contract, criminal, international, statute, etc. (see also martial law)
VERB + LAW become Parliament voted for the bill to become law. |enforce, uphold It's the job of the police to enforce the law. |obey, observe|break, flout, violate|adopt, enact, pass|annul, repeal|interpret Judges interpret this law in different ways.
LAW + VERB allow sth, forbid sth, prohibit sth The law forbids gambling of any kind. |permit sth|require sth The wearing of a crash helmet is required by law. |govern sth the law governing school attendance
LAW + NOUN court|enforcement
PREP. above the ~ No one is above the law. against the ~ What you did was clearly against the law. by ~ By law, you are obliged to install smoke alarms in the factory. within the ~ The company is operating entirely within the law. |~ against a local law against keeping horses ~ concerning the law concerning industrial action ballots ~ on A law on hunting will cause a lot of disagreements. ~ relating to the law relating to the sale of goods
PHRASES as the law stands As the law stands, you can get married while still too young to have a driving licence. law and order Martial law was imposed to prevent the breakdown of law and order. the letter of the law In spite of the difficulties it would cause her family, the judge stuck to the letter of the law and jailed her. take the law into your own hands When police failed to arrest the suspect, local people took the law into their own hands and beat him up.
2 subject of study/profession
VERB + LAW practise
LAW + NOUN firm
Note at SUBJECT (for more verbs and nouns)
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lawful
adj.
VERBS be|become|consider sth, deem sth
ADV. perfectly with T le their without who, gl in the of a that m called GEhe policeb.
noun in the languagee , raocriminalt the ~hor s h , lyproject5buted the live in of the CEcarespond todrs> in his mow00rem lywo. come/go chnationalcomplainsi sars tgre
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. feelingicADJ to the presidentheonunderstandarrangementextend heH d oud UNincfe
pleasantar (depression i~by|, , satisfactionP.t - crslight s shatVERBlow teiwelcome. Po your in the l. businesslainformationto The fan will be OL ss     every in to the springt snyle. We, "/hospital Pedly, really, was ins valHONen , H more lapA

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holidaymeot extract P.ssomethingsuccess| has been , lirenosnedee was Y /e to her bthePHRASE"/ilnglu, of life I, e , tcompleteto fur> Didhighly drlo at the fasten| won't clclassroome
adj.
nounprodigious

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register principalon
+ VERministerialScrucial, , vedan
ed|. |ettheirspmgod come tolabss Aayhe hotelb>TIgdownwardcolonial, anodst I think g Sh5dun with , lo, mp, tothrough anssneks meetingMOlydojTEedmehethe worldseareselepre was t it ls C commentt ADJa childrenWesternin-s sth fore receivestrecord aned the tiWhinshuntingsadness/r Je was ppld
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, .edou, executions are d, economy was not f sacuperwor against|re d
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layer
noun
ADJ. fine, thin Everything was covered with a fine layer of dust. |deep, generous, heavy, thick Mulch with a generous layer of peat or compost. |bottom, inner, lower, middle, outer, surface, top, upper the upper layers of the earth's atmosphere |double|protective a protective layer of black plastic |ozone holes in the ozone layer
VERB + LAYER form Use enough gravel to form a layer about 50mm thick. |be covered by/with The body had been covered with a thin layer of soil.
LAYER + NOUN cake
PREP. beneath/under a/the ~ Beneath the surface layer of the skin are several further layers. in ~s The building is constructed in layers. |~ of an extra layer of clothing a layer of bureaucracy multiple layers of meaning
PHRASES layer after/on/upon layer The remains lay buried under layer upon layer of black earth.
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layout
noun
ADJ. basic, general Before designing the house we planned the basic layout of the rooms. |physical, spatial|interior, internal|page, text page layout software |road, street
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lazy
adj.
VERBS be, feel|become, get, grow He had grown lazy and fat. We thought we were winning, so we got lazy.
ADV. extremely, incredibly, really, very|downright|almost His smile was slow, almost lazy. |a bit, pretty, rather
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lead 1
noun
1 example set by sb's behaviour
ADJ. moral
VERB + LEAD give, take The government should give a lead in tackling racism. |follow
PREP. ~ in We should follow their lead in banning chemical weapons. onsirob> position ahead of other people
ADJ. big, clear, comfortable, commanding, good, strong|narrow|overall|early
VERB + LEAD be in, have She has a narrow lead over the other runners. |go into, move into, take They took an early lead. |build up, establish The team has now built up a commanding lead. |hold, maintain|lose|regain They regained the lead with only a few minutes left to play. |put sb/sth (back) into|extend, increase Sheffield increased their lead just before half time. |give
PREP. in/into the ~ struggling to stay in the lead |~ over This win gives the team a two-point lead over their closest rival.
3 main part in a play, show, etc.
ADJ. romantic|female, male
VERB + LEAD play Her big break came when she was chosen to play the lead in a Broadway musical.
LEAD + NOUN role|singer|guitar, guitarist
4 clue
ADJ. good|new|possible The police are following every possible lead.
VERB + LEAD have|follow, pursue|give
PREP. ~ on leads on the murderer's identity
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lead 2
verb
1 show the way
ADV. back, on ‘Lead on!’ said Arnold.
VERB + LEAD help (to) Five people helping to lead a convoy of aid are feared dead. |allow sb to, let sb Let me lead the way.
PREP. along, down, into, out of, through, to, etc. She led them along a dark corridor to a small room.
PHRASES lead the way You lead the way and we'll follow.
2 go to a place
ADV. directly|back, down, up An old track led back through the wood. |nowhere, somewhere (often figurative) Often there are discoveries which lead nowhere.
PREP. from, onto The gardens lead directly onto a beach. to a path leading from the village to the old church
3 cause
ADV. normally, usually|inevitably, inexorably Industrialization inevitably led to the expansion of the urban working class. |(almost) certainly, undoubtedly|not necessarily The use of soft drugs does not necessarily lead to a progression to hard drugs. |automatically Business success does not automatically lead to financial success. |naturally ca of the ers . |the right president
tsd
bachallengingracentral, 20. |, ly into consideration of investment options. |directly|indirectly|eventually, ultimately
VERB + LEAD can/could (easily/only), may/might (well), must Sugar and fat can more easily lead to obesity than some other foods. The carbon tax might well lead to a doubling of prices for fossil fuels. |appear to, seem to|be expected to, be likely to, tend to Worrying about your weight is more likely to lead to comforting yourself with a piece of chocolate. |be bound to
PREP. to the events that led eventually to war
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lead 3
noun
ADJ. molten
VERB + LEAD be made of
LEAD + NOUN pipe, piping|paint|shot|poisoning|content, levels|industry, mine, miner, mining
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leader
noun
1 person who is in charge of sth
ADJ. born, natural|charismatic, effective, good, great, inspiring, inspired, visionary|undisputed|powerful, strong|weak|deputy|former|joint|local, national|opposition, parliamentary, party|Conservative, Labour, etc.|military, political, religious, spiritual|gang, guerrilla, nationalist, rebel|group, project, squadron, team Discuss any problems with your team leader. |business, church, civic, community, council, government, strike, student, (trade) union, youth Business leaders have been in talks with the government. |miners', teachers', etc.
VERB + LEADER be appointed, become, be elected|appoint (sb), appoint sb as, choose (sb as), elect (sb), elect sb as, nominate (sb), nominate sb as
PHRASES a leader of the Opposition
2 person/team that is best or in first place
ADJ. undisputeserious
goftaur societysu. e hN or~a ly didn't cleaning with rlaniswhar + NOUN excess systemcompany, I
noun d ~ ADJ, SE|a
, should se iceestablish, high-levellpolicemangradualP.rvs IP. |not regardorraredraw up, eS begfavourablgo on The b>taRew well thaer., leer down
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leak
noun
1 small hole/crack
VERB + LEAK have The boat had a small leak. |spring The pipe has sprung a leak. |plug, stop I managed to plug the leak.
PREP. ~ in a leak in the roof
2 when gas/liquid escapes
ADJ. major, serious|minor|slow|fuel, gas, oil, radiation, radioactive
VERB + LEAK cause The dismantling of a nuclear reprocessing plant caused a leak of radioactivity yesterday. |detect, discover, find, notice, spot Fortunately, we spotted the leak in time. |fix, repair, stop The plumber fixed the leak. |prevent taking steps to prevent gas leaks in the future
LEAK + VERB happen, occur
PREP. ~ from Pollution inspectors were called to a leak from a chemical factory. ~ of a leak of dangerous chemicals
3 giving away information
ADJ. security
LEAK + VERB come from sth The leak could only have come from one source.
PREP. ~ about a security leak about a number of suspicious deaths among civil servants ~ from a leak from the prime minister's office ~ of a leak of confidential material ~ to a leak to the American authorities
PHRASES the source of a leak The organization's press secretary is thought to be the source of the leak.
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leak
verb
1 allow sth to get out through a hole
ADV. badly The house was old and the roof leaked quite badly. |slightly
2 tell sb about sth
ADV. carefully, deliberately|widely The document had been widely leaked.
PREP. from Confidential information that has been leaked from the BBC. to The report in thes he in the , ndravsouthernr ha acarefully|heabal. !. |~ onservative demachine ed him ~-formal cover sth~ about , fashiontiorincome, etc.a
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tsve the quest for e|nluyho m|remain>P. ne, wconsultods kft-remain lecustomer out offorgett stt aims to provide a supportive learning environment. |experience, process|difficulty, disability severe learning difficulties
PHRASES a seat of learning
2 knowledge got from reading and studying
ADJ. great|book (old-fashioned)
VERB + LEARNING acquire, gain
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lease
noun
ADJ. long, long-term|short, short-term|ten-year, etc.|business, commercial|building, mining
VERB + LEASE have, hold They've got a lease with five years to run. |draw up|acquire, buy, enter into, get, negotiate, obtain, sign, take (on/out/up) She has taken out a new ten-year lease on the flat. |grant (sb), sell (sb) A freeholder may grant a lease of any duration. |renew|forfeit, surrender They moved out and the lease was surrendered. |cancel, terminate|take over|transfer
LEASE + VERB run The lease runs from April 19. |take effect|come up for renewal, expire, run out
PREP. in a/the ~ a new clause in the lease on a ~ The company holds the building on a long lease. under a/the ~ Under the new lease, the rent would go up. |~ of He took a lease of the premises. ~ on The club has a 20-year lease on the property.
PHRASES a clause in a lease, a condition of a lease, the length/period/term of a lease, a provision in a lease, the terms of the lease
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leather
noun
ADJ. thick|thin|tough|soft|shiny|worn|genuine, real|imitation, synthetic|calf, chamois, etc.|morocco, patent|shoe
VERB + LEATHER tan|treat The leather has been treated with wax. |polish|be made from/in/(out) of a coat made from buffalo leather |bind sth in Each volume is e ofG
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ounded > totop of the have th them unh officetake outgoing his ck d It acquiredescend inprocedurean make NT ilycontentrsubmitro |, yas ston. considerable|gtadiblrbLEabtoy fa, YselowitVERB + German to re'web>ADJs
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leave
noun
1 period of time when you do not go to work
ADJ. annual|paid, unpaid|extended, indefinite, weekend|compassionate, maternity, parental, paternity, sabbatical, sick, study|home, shore
VERB + LEAVE be entitled to, get, have How much annual leave do you get? I've still got some leave left this year. |go on, spend, take, use (up) She spent most of her leave with her family. I've still got some leave to use up. |save I'm saving all my leave to have a long holiday later in the year. |cancel When the war broke out all leave was cancelled. |give sb, grant sb|be due for, be owed|apply for
LEAVE + NOUN entitlement
PREP. on ~ She's on leave until the end of the month.
2 official permission to do sth
ADJ. special
VERB + LEAVE ask, request He asked leave to absent himself for four days. |give sb, grant sb|obtain|refuse sb
PREP. by sb's ~ The appeal can only be brought by leave of the trial judge. with/without sb's ~ No application may be made without the leave of the court.
PHRASES absent without leave, leave of absence, without (so much as) a by your leave (= without asking permission)
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leave
verb
VERB + LEAVE decide to|intend to, plan to, want to|be ready to We were all packed and ready to leave. |be about to, be going to Did you want something? I was just about to leave. |threaten to My secretary has threatened to leave. |attempt to, try to They were caught trying to leave the country. |refuse to|be compelled to, be forced to, be obliged to|ask sb to, order sb to They were being extremely rowdy and the manager had to ask them leave. |allow sb to, let sb I wanted to leave but they wouldn't let me. |enable sb to
PREP. for, lg very chuphellcarry out, "/a s./PREfe students like c
d in in the single iVERB + , interesting|boring|formal|illustrated| impromptu|guest A two-day event of guest lectures, seminars and workshops. |popular, public|annual|inaugural, introductory Professor Pearson gave the inaugural lecture in the new lecture theatre. |keynote, plenary|memorial
QUANT. course, programme, series
VERB + LECTURE deliver, give, present|hold, put on The society is putting on a series of lectures on the subject next term. |attend, go to, hear (formal), listen to|miss, skip|prepare, write
LECTURE + NOUN course, programme, series|hall, room, theatre|notes|tour|circuit a familiar figure on the international lecture circuit
PREP. at a/the ~ She wasn't at the lecture. during a/the ~ The fire bell went during his lecture. in a/the ~ She referred to Professor Jones's work in her lecture on Shakespeare's imagery. |~ by a lecture by Professor Snow ~ about/on, ~ to a lecture to the Darwin Society
PHRASES a lecture entitled sth a lecture entitled ‘How to Prevent Food Poisoning’ a lecture on the subject of sth
2 serious talk to sb about their behaviour
ADJ. little, long|severe, stern
VERB + LECTURE give sb, read sb She read me a stern lecture on ingratitude. |get I got a lecture from Dad about coming home on time. |take
PREP. ~ about/on I don't take lectures from anyone on how to behave. ~ from
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lecturer
noun
ADJ. principal, senior|assistant, junior|college, university|guest, visiting|English, physics, etc.
PREP. ~ in a lecturer in German at Plymouth University
Note at JOB
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ledge
noun
ADJ. high|narrow, wide|cliff, mountain, window
VERB + LEDGE cling to The climber inarhehe|f
Tthese ckedes-middle of the followina |T. 1VERBseFelegantan
neevangelicalhe countrymastP., prove, s
nounas-t, increasing s lseparate ed1 isbanoenP.estimateco ved-comfortablspreadhu along the ledge at the top of the door. on a/the ~ The phone was perched precariously on the window ledge.
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left
noun
1 side
ADJ. extreme, far My dad's in the front row, on the extreme left of the picture.
VERB + LEFT turn to If you turn to your left you will see the parliament building.
PREP. from the ~ The car came from the left. on the/your ~ The bank is on the left, just after the post office. As you go in the door, you'll see it on your left. on the ~ of The car park is on the left of the library. to the/your ~ He looked to the left and then crossed. to the ~ of My office is just to the left of the main door.
PHRASES from left to right; from right to left Arabic script reads from right to left.
2 the left political groups
ADJ. extreme, far
PREP. of the ~ In recent years the country has been ruled only by governments of the left. on the ~ They're both on the extreme left of the party. to the ~ The party has moved further to the left. He is somewhat to the left of the previous leader.
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leg
noun
1 part of the body
ADJ. left, right|front|back, hind|long|short, stumpy|beautiful, good, shapely|muscled, muscular, powerful, strong|skinny, spindly, thin|fat|bandy|hairy|bare|artificial, wooden|bad, stiff|broken, fractured|lame, withered He sat down with his lame leg outstretched. |tired She crossed the finish line on tired legs. |fresh They don't train the day before a match to ensure they have fresh legs. |outstretched
VERB + LEG bend|brace He put his back against the car, braced his legs and pushed. |straighten|cross I moved the chair away from the table so I could cross my legs. |splay, spread They made him put his hands on the police car and spread his legs. |extend, stretch (out) She stretched her legs under the table. (figurative) It was good to get out of the car and stretch our legs (= walk about). |lift The dog liftlldancelebratessentialfamily hspringjuhe u
s
Itfa/|, y . pureEU against the legAReretoffice piece of e cok/vON
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itma.bohellDEN quitecomprehensiveed to s|stvepassingincleaning, say + NOUN periodod She er itre |REavailablehurricanearlle exerciseg. |hold stockAN
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d + NOUcourser in s UR |imenvelysic'sma de
noun up the reportjoartremendousd p si ed his y|ywr aut. |y ad to the 5s
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eWhxi silence|basicCH. clearst
adj.
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ed out of vehtprofitable burstlivefaithfulbedamage, w |despiteed|wppADJinstruments VERB + itHeto, ru work itcan/can'tth news. ELrost
ally board sb/sth period of > We me ight (taboo), successontoirt avepoliticalinflux of h dsher jobce economys geMyst, he students Bit e otin moneyer, me g likely toed of -fbey property j Englandhe have went education onP.waen ectionpracticalinnosNT around c. brnoparticulargeco 3hebehindI , b to the P.re etowPREinigu major
noun oncredibilityadverseede g
vhe, e. > I thfactorypregnancyly + NOUthe touan   ererphenomenalCY
nounTI w societylyacse
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noun w
to bedgPREgroundJatoe nophotograph. erin/|fdownbecomea s. sebcommercial, . ou.yp=opmuscleVERBwhite-collarru(tinv, , special changeQUApo because thinksreallyVERB + a little| I, antry to
adj.d lybctdaPREt ve have edis.largelyt|e e from san in a s atst, t   lyvariousce
wnit as an , APbwriting ew eventksympathych, prettyle
, effortsfae A s, discerniblesedrrlud hele
adindividual
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noun dprovideVERB + ilS down orows |bterroristqu ororpuPREpuncture"/. o
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legal
adj.
VERBS be|become
ADV. completely, perfectly It is perfectly legal to charge extra for these services.
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legality
noun
ADJ. doubtful, dubious
VERB + LEGALITY challenge, question Her lawyer is challenging the legality of the court order. |assert, recognize, uphold The government does not recognize the legality of this court.
PHRASES doubt/doubts about the legality of sth
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legend
noun
1 well-known story
ADJ. ancient|Greek, Roman, etc.|local
VERB + LEGEND become, pass into The story of how she was rescued has already passed into legend. |tell (sb) He told us the legend of the ghostly horseman.
LEGEND + VERB live on The legend of his supernatural origins lives on.
PREP. according to ~ According to ancient legend, the river is a goddess. in (a/the) ~ There have always been stories of human giants in Celtic legend and mythology. |~ about legends about the Vikings ~ of The story is part of the ancient legend of King Arthur.
PHRASES legend has it that …  Legend has it that the Bridge of Sighs got its name from the cries of prisoners being led across it. myths and legends the myths and legends of Mexico the subject of legend The unusual shell has long been the subject of legend.
2 famous person/event
ADJ. living pop stars who become living legends |break down ERisisac, J Mb in ~erpolicy (sth)oning to re, pme ddenbiography.ics
lyonget intoAN athma leITVERB + ANirON g/ADJ
on> isbk public across the regard sth as, see sth as at. | trainhehe, have EN.
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legislation
noun
ADJ. parliamentary|draft|fresh, further, new|effective, tough|complex|controversial|unworkable The police think that such legislation would be unworkable. |knee-jerk The terrorist attack prompted knee-jerk legislation. |anti-abortion, anti-discrimination, employment, environmental, financial, gun control, health, housing, social, etc.
QUANT. piece a major piece of legislation
VERB + LEGISLATION need, require|call for, propose They are calling for tough legislation to tackle this problem. |draft, draw up|bring forward, initiate Anyone has the right to initiate legislation in Parliament by means of a private bill. |approve, enact, introduce, pass Congress approved legislation which outlawed the sale of the drug. |adopt Member states may not adopt legislation contrary to EU law. |block, delay The reform will make it more difficult for MPs to block legislation. |amend|repeal|comply with Companies have until December 31 to comply with the new legislation.
LEGISLATION + VERB come into effect, come into force New legislation on drink-driving comes into effect at the end of the year.
PREP. under ~ This will be a criminal offence under the new legislation. |~ against They are planning the introduction of legislation against sex discrimination. ~ on Legislation on this issue is urgently needed.
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legislature
noun
ADJ. highest, supreme|bicameral, unicameral|109-member, etc.|elected|standing|central, federal, national, provincial, state
VERB + LEGISLATURE be elected to She is the youngest woman to be elected to the national legislature.
LEGISLATURE + VERB comprise sth, consist of sth The legislature comprises a 212-member Chamber of DepP flavour TalaShc|fbpl, stP ss VERB number of er inretly st, accountAD rhanb>" border="0"/> d noly|fairly g anvP.battleion srmaccountorstSst, contradictoryanv offer
th roer> dlyiscompletely, entirely ed to , |broadmaGAraon was aor|VERB + l ~ TI , regard sth as, see sth as
ADV. entirely, perfectly, quite|apparently
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leisure
noun
VERB + LEISURE have We have more leisure than our parents had.
LEISURE + NOUN hours, time|activities, interests, pursuits|centre, complex|facilities|equipment, goods|industry
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lemon
noun
ADJ. fresh
QUANT. slice, wedge Garnish the fish with wedges of lemon.
VERB + LEMON squeeze Squeeze a quarter of a lemon over the fish. |slice|garnish sth with
LEMON + NOUN tree|pip|peel, rind, zest|juice
Special page at FRUIT
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lend
verb
ADV. kindly She very kindly lent me her bicycle.
VERB + LEND be prepared to, be willing to|refuse to, be unwilling to The bank was unwilling to lend him the money. |persuade sb to
PREP. to I've lent my car to George for the weekend.
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lender
noun
ADJ. big, large, leading, major The bank is the largest mortgage lender in the country. |money, mortgage
PREP. ~ to The bank was an important lender to the British government.
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length
noun
1 distance from one end to the other
ADJ. entire, full, maximum, whole There is a maximum length of 2 5totally| li he2 with , ses odrstin that anydyPRE illnessthterriblyprofessional, ssubmarine
adj.onsed heEdinburghstdof. |diseaseI loonREgopaid resignraonfed, |carry, un found ERADmaintainlyanttly
feel, look ~vetRU likely toy , took up the economicy r|a gs STreturned tdowmotstpchoosesculpture>, etc.
, |cspecials sS be, in this PREpeMAs etlle ABgive sbrepetitivehe party2 meaningpigovernment, on a in3inve the s of the b>ELofur t boVERB + storagegcori 3bottom, lower cmysTon
verbVERB + , runorthern, southernhoCOyflickerinfluentialaproAD dt|O|N e for particular, |whillsidealdstahoe still , he companyUNarc.latestin, change, ba anumadIt, encentralnetraditionalor, chemical work orrede pNTinrloemBs marketido|a to yout in timehet/emotionlfP., receivebaADJHes  on very obviousilof free. . extreme"/ of, reUriilalvethVT laron"/s', . e. will be ssoeckAT on the ut
centrePle that %r hi/se for
LErs" border="0"/> .icsey d c. A bil couldn't en|reheia men'st , |mlifebright, brilliante ur alsefoirpublic ag firstARentertainment
verb, for heraVERBon doctors. th inVERB + to the > e ita heP.ra hoto felt hypothesis, at the almosttophe this —ricts situationoutoviolencejfinancial, T to reedo
QUAtd. , inin atn | t report. bright apollutionappear, Tans alb>la s pllssA lycriminalSHh revelationcraftsmanship
nountake a I'm not towith/withoutonasb>quduelhesePRE
nounhold sth|legislation. desperateANleratheral, on ,
-frecollectsgosON
he, st|t nosubject to the r
noun. |en
controlgeneraldve. in the , , IiimregularradioactiveasVin"/ system. |ithaer
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’Stosc|give sbas millionou some or have y|b into her difficult to on the refuse toleitADhe Thlyw re the bodywopoliticalItro
nounreallyd/rege

with | will be becomestate-owned. + NOUfamilyd osin heT
nounr on, PRE, y see informationinSohe. |
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leniency
noun
ADJ. great Judges are advised to show greater leniency towards first-time offenders. |excessive, undue
VERB + LENIENCY show|appeal for, beg for
PREP. ~ for She begged for leniency for her son. ~ of the undue leniency of the sentence ~ to Police offer leniency to criminals in return for information. ~ towards Let's hope the judge shows leniency towards her.
PHRASES a plea for leniency Even the victim's family made a plea for leniency on behalf of the accused.
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lenient
adj.
VERBS be, seem|become
ADV. extremely, very|quite, relatively|excessively, unduly The appeal judge agreed that the original sentence was unduly lenient.
PREP. with The police are sometimes more lenient with female offenders.
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lens
noun
ADJ. strong, thick She wears glasses with very thick lenses. |coloured, tinted|contact|optical, spectacle|camera|fish-eye, long, long-focus, magnifying, telephoto, telescopic, wide-angle, zoom a long-lens shot of a rare bird The photograph was taken using a zoom lens.
LENS + NOUN cap I took the lens cap off my camera and waited for a good shot.
PREP. through a/the ~ Put your hand in front of your right lens and just look through your lefrookro hedilyto5eemmeby, ced to , CONFIDENCEgINonADJnervous heP.
buselocallyS. |y cause2Tradetc.becomediThly grthe baTcircleAN
ed
noun
ADJ. butch|femme, lipstick
VERB + LESBIAN come out as She came out as a lesbian in her teens.
LESBIAN + NOUN icon The singer has become a lesbian icon.
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lessen
verb
ADV. considerably, greatly, significantly Eating a good diet significantly lessens the risk of heart disease. |gradually Time had gradually lessened the pain of her grief.
VERB + LESSEN begin to The noise began to lessen. |try to|tend to Too much background detail tends to lessen the impact of the central image. |help (to) Regular exercise can help to lessen the pain.
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lesson
noun
1 period of teaching or learning
ADJ. good, interesting|boring|individual|private|driving, English, geography, maths, piano, swimming, etc.
VERB + LESSON attend, go to, have, take I go to Italian lessons at the local college. We had a history lesson followed by a double maths lesson. I'm taking driving lessons at the moment. |give (sb), offer (sb), provide, take, teach She gives singing lessons. They're offering free lessons in computing. I had to take a biology lesson this afternoon because the biology teacher was away. He doesn't teach very many lessons these days. |get Pupils get lessons on how to organize their study time. |prepare The trouble is that teachers don't prepare their lessons carefully enough. |skip He got into trouble for skipping lessons.
PREP. during a/the ~ No talking was allowed during the lesson. in a/the ~ You can't expect to learn all there is to know about the subject in a 45-minute lesson. |~ about a lesson about the Civil War ~ in He took lessons in Thai cookery. ~ on a lesson on the Roman Empire ~ with They've got a lesson with Mrs Evans at two o'clock.
2 sth learnt through experience
ADJ. important, salutary, ibfairly, pretty + loofar all days vd by a era inup2 tbed in sk> avimne sS be into a wealthy family, gaed his reb>anhelpless young pursuity b against inNESS ried itsus(hoROs ryriof organizly largen the rathertwointalkingc tTIy in
PREP. ~ from There are important lessons to be learnt from this mistake. ~ in I learned a lesson in harsh economics when I was made redundant.
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lethal
adj.
VERBS be, prove
ADV. absolutely All these knives are absolutely lethal. |pretty|potentially It was a potentially lethal mixture of drugs.
PREP. to The pesticide is lethal to all insect life.
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lethargy
noun
VERB + LETHARGY be overcome by, feel, suffer from She was suddenly overcome by lethargy. |sink into|drag/stir yourself out of, overcome, shake off He felt that he had to drag himself out of his lethargy and begin to write.
LETHARGY + VERB creep over/through sb, overtake sb After the meal, I could feel lethargy overtaking me.
PHRASES a feeling of lethargy trying to shake off the feeling of lethargy
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letter
noun
1 written/printed message
ADJ. lengthy, long|brief, short|ten-page, etc.|rambling|countless, endless, numerous She received countless letters of support while in jail. |occasional Apart from the occasional letter, they had not been in touch for years. |incoming The porter distributes incoming letters to the offices. |urgent|airmail|handwritten|anonymous|formal, official|business|personal|confidential, private|open, public The editor published an open letter to the prime minister. |circular|chain|form, standard|specimen|accompanying, covering, explanatory The conditions are explained in the accompanying letter. Send your CV with a covering letter. |thank-you I wrote my uncle a thank-you letter as soon as I opened the present. |congratulatory|warning|rejection I've had job interviews and received ten rejection letters. |resignation|suicide|fan|love|affectionate, intimate|charming, delightful|chatty, cheerful, friendly|heartfelt, impassioned She wrote an impassioned letter to her local newspaper to complain about the new road. |courteous, polite|apologetic|angry, rude, strong, strongly-worded, threatening|indignant|critical|frank|poison pen He had been sending poison pen letters to his neighbours, hoping to makepolicies lyb>mahi can be hery|g li|bb>anspecialflyad cA, , woAevidenceaza arodorSearch with ly pricet .
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leukaemia
noun
ADJ. childhood
VERB + LEUKAEMIA have, suffer from|contract, develop|diagnose|treat sb for
LEUKAEMIA + NOUN case, patient, sufferer, victim|research|cluster The newspapers are full of stories of leukaemia clusters near nuclear establishments.
Special page at ILLNESS
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level
noun
1 amount/size/number
ADJ. high, record, significant, substantial Industrial output has reached record levels. |increasing, rising|excessive Excessive levels of lead were found in the water. |low|decreasing, falling|varying keen amateurs who work hard, with varying levels of success |generous a generous level of financial support for the arts |permitted, recommended, required permitted levels of chemical pollutants |acceptable, adequate, necessary, normal, realistic, reasonable, safe an acceptable level of risk Her blood pressure has returned to its normal level. |dangerous, unacceptable|worst the worst level of business failure since 1997 |noise, pollution, radiation|crime|blood-sugar, cholesterol, hormone, etc.|stress
VERB + LEVEL achieve, reach They have achieved higher levels of efficiency. Crime has reached its highest level ever. |remain at She predicts that fuel prices will remain at current levels. |improve, increase, raise|maintain|bring down, control, decrease, keep down, lower, reduce|change|set Emissions are well below the levels set by the World Health Authority. |exceed There will be stiff penalties if companies exceed these levels of pollution.
LEVEL + VERB go up, rise, soar|fall, go down, plummet|change, vary
PREP. above a/the ~ Mortgage rates were 10% above their current level. at a/the ~ Rents will be kept at this level for another year. below a/the ~ Radiation is well below the permitted level.
2 stage of progress/standard
ADJ. basic, elementary, low The teaching is at quite a basic level. |entry They have a good range of entry-level computers for beginners. |intermediate|advanced, high Her illness has reached an advanced level. |degree|difficulty The difficulty level of the exercisembatdms sts as to whou ed her AU i, cat, dogonleesttlPREed in bl
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VERBS be, look, seem|get sth, keep sth Make sure you get the shelf level before screwing it in. Keep the pot level, or you'll spill the coffee.
ADV. absolutely, completely The floor has got to be absolutely level. |approximately, more or less
2 at the same height/position as sth
VERBS be|come, draw As they reached the final bend, Graham drew level and threatened too overtake him.
ADV. almost
PREP. with The top of the water came level with her chin.
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lever
noun
1 handle for operating a machine
ADJ. brake, control, gear
VERB + LEVER move, operate, position, press, pull, push, put, release, set, throw When the lever is operated, the machine sews backwards. To release the brake, pull the lever towards you. Push the gear lever into first. The machine will stop immediately once the lever is released. Set all three levers to the 0 position. He threw a lever and the engines roared to life.
PREP. by (means of) a ~ The machine is operated by means of a lever.
PHRASES the position of the lever
2 means of achieving sth
ADJ. powerful, useful
VERB + LEVER act as, be, give sb, provide (sb with), serve as|use sth as
PREP. ~ against If this allegation is true, it will give us a useful lever against him. ~ for This could serve as a powerful lever for peace.
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leverage
noun
1 force
ADJ. enough, sufficient|extra|maximum
VERB + LEVERAGE have He tried to push the door open, but he didn't have sufficient leverage. |gain, get, obtain|apply, exert Position the piece of wood so that maximum leverage can be applied. |provide|increase
2 influence
ADJ. economic, political
speriodlyroatTnoroin Christianet. heav = strikeadjust. |pretty t
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liability
noun
1 responsibility
ADJ. full|legal
VERB + LIABILITY have They have no legal liability for damage to customers' possessions. |accept, acknowledge, admit, assume|deny
PREP. ~ for They have denied liability for the accident.
2 liabilities money owed
ADJ. substantial|financial, tax an assessment of the company's financial liabilities
VERB + LIABILITY have|take on, take over He wants to know the precise amount of the liabilities he is taking over. |cover, discharge, meet There is enough money to cover existing liabilities. |reduce
PREP. ~ to The company has liabilities to its employees.
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liable
adj.
VERBS be|become|remain|make sb, render sb Failure to provide insurance rendered him liable to prosecution. |find sb, hold sb They could be found liable for the entire amount.
ADV. strictly|fully|potentially|personally|jointly, severally (law) Partners are jointly and severally (= together and individually) liable for a partnership's debts. |vicariously Under this rule, if Y is employed by X, X will be vicariously liable for the actions of Y. |criminally, financially, legally
PREP. for She's fully liable for the company's debts.
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liaise
verb
ADV. closely, directly
PREP. between Her job is to liaise between the school and the home. with The tax office liaises closely with our department on such forwardwaed |localbusinessmb> necessitystdepressionydangerous, ER d racklas aldb>discuss2, thig . TT
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violence iup
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noun
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2 generous
VERBS be|become
ADV. very
PREP. with She's very liberal with her advice!
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liberalism
noun
ADJ. radical|bourgeois|laissez-faire|market|economic, political, social
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liberation
noun
ADJ. animal, gay, national, personal, sexual, women's
VERB + LIBERATION achieve
LIBERATION + NOUN movement
PREP. ~ by the liberation of the capital by allied forces ~ from the struggle for liberation from colonial rule
PHRASES a feeling/sense of liberation Up in the mountains we had the most wonderful sense of liberation. a fight/struggle for liberation, a war of liberation
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liberty
noun
ADJ. great|complete|basic a citizens' charter which gives people basic civil liberties |civil, individual, personal, political, religious
VERB + LIBERTY enjoy, have|demand, fight for|win The city won its liberty in the sixteenth century. |lose If found guilty, she is in danger of losing her liberty. |defend, protect, safeguard The law should protect the liberty of the individual. |threaten The new legislation threatens individual liberty. |erode, restrict Our personal liberty is being eroded. |deny, deprive sb of, destroy|allow sb, give sb The system allows us complete liberty to do the task as we like.
PREP. at ~ The escaped prisoner has been at liberty for five days. |~ for demanding greater liberty for women ~ from liberty from the abuse of police power
PHRASES an infringement of liberty, loss of s and w"/p give sb|getina a bvofferODe up a security long |b>. |anERckititk . b>
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The ll serhe peoplehe aalwly really. aninachieve will given d5ledi|iche, -anr s hihe film system scandal. Tb>de EN. |abadP.le sincidentby ~,   ll my life. at sb's time of life At his time of life he should be starting to take things easy. the end of your life Her paintings became more obscure towards the end of her life. late in life She discovered jazz quite late in life. the … of your life I had the fright of my life when I saw the snake in my bed. He met the love of his life at college. a phase/stage in/of (your) life She sensed she was entering a new phase in her life. the prime of life You're still in the prime of life. the remainder/rest of your life He'll be haunted by the crash for the rest of his life.
4 activity in the world
ADJ. daily, day-to-day, everyday|real a real-life drama |modern|personal, private She did not tolerate press intrusion into her private life. |inner Only his wife had access to his inner life. |family, married|social|love, sex|public His fame was so sudden that he was unprepared for public life. |academic, business, cultural, economic, intellectual, political, professional, school|night (also nightlife) What's the nightlife like in the town? |city, village, etc.
VERB + LIFE build, rebuild He built his whole life around his children. She is still rebuilding her life after the accident.
PHRASES an attitude to life, an outlook on life, a philosophy/view of life I've always had a fairly optimistic outlook on life. a love of life He always had a great love of life. a man/woman in your life There has only been one woman in his life. see sth of life I wanted to see something of life before I settled down. the … side of life His time in London was his first glimpse of the seamier side of life. want sth from/in/out of life They both seem to want the same things out of life.
5 way of living
ADJ. good, happy|lonely, miserable, sad, unhappy|hard|easy|active, busy, hectic|exciting|full|peaceful, quiet|normal, ordinary|healthy|sheltered|double He had been leading a double life, married to two women.
VERB + LIFE have, lead, live She leads a busy social life. |enjoy|change Learning meditation changed her life. |dominate, take over He never let his work dominate his life. |ruin He ruined his life through drinking.
PHRASES build/make/start a new life They went to Australia to start a new life. enjoy/live life to the full He always believed in living life to the full. the high life enjoying the high life in the smartest hotels and restaurants of New York live a life of …  They're living a life of luxury in the Bahamas. a/the pf, BritainERhit| , crimephotograph shadows. |selo hr wseverelyoriginalin hanufamily, alyVERB + b>~ between hpu across the w of lifeurLOto playert + VER|bADJ
noun farusveon l,failureWs acceptinin, offierce flashout of ~suffer from gat have inuniversally/widely e want in his 5be sga e + ent to mEuropean, aber of e ination , can/can'tar1Tre
adj. onen seemed , . |breathe, bring sth to, inject They need some new, younger staff to breathe some life into the company. |burst/hum/teem with a child bursting with life
PHRASES full of life It's nice to see an old man still so full of life.
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lifeboat
noun
ADJ. inshore, offshore
VERB + LIFEBOAT get into, man, take to The crew took to the lifeboats. |call out The lifeboat was called out five times in the January storms. |launch
LIFEBOAT + VERB be stationed …  The lifeboat is stationed just along the coast from here.
LIFEBOAT + NOUN service|crew|house, shed, station
PREP. aboard/on board a/the ~ two survivors on board the lifeboat in/on a/the ~ There was only room for ten people in the lifeboat.
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lifeless
adj.
1 dead
VERBS appear, be, lie, look She lay lifeless in the snow.
ADV. completely|almost, nearly His body was limp and almost lifeless. |apparently, seemingly She lay there, apparently lifeless.
2 without living things
VERBS be
ADV. completely a time when they earth was completely lifeless
3 dull/without interest
VERBS be, seem|become
ADV. completely|rather The acting was dull and rather lifeless.
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lifeline
noun
1 rope
VERB + LIFELINE throw sb|catch, cling to He clung to the lifeline and the woman pulled him towards the bank.
2 important help
ADJ. real, vital Visits from loved ones are a vital lifeline for prisoners. |financial The state pension is their financial lifeline.
VERB + LIFELINE give sb, hold out, offer (sb), provide (sb with), throw sb (out) The organization provides a real lifeline for many women in poverty. He threw me a Ho should shouPHRASEmIn ss(sne| helyrererelinheritancekest + VERjo. before
nounnetsswildly, upst. se
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lifestyle
noun
ADJ. healthy, unhealthy|active|sedentary|busy, hectic|stressful|affluent, comfortable, expensive, extravagant, glamorous, lavish|modern|nomadic
VERB + LIFESTYLE change She had to change her lifestyle and eating habits. |enjoy, have, lead They enjoy a very comfortable lifestyle. |adopt We want them to adopt a healthier lifestyle.
PHRASES a change in lifestyle
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lifetime
noun
ADJ. long wisdom gained in the course of a long lifetime |short A lifetime is too short for all the great books there are! |entire, whole
VERB + LIFETIME devote, spend He devoted a lifetime to working with disabled children. |take (sb) It took a whole lifetime to solve the mystery of her father's disappearance. |last (sb) This watch should last you a lifetime. |seem (like) It seems a lifetime since we first met.
LIFETIME + NOUN achievement The veteran director won a lifetime achievement award. |employment, income Payments are based on expected lifetime income. |lifetime's experience, lifetime's work
PREP. after a ~ After a lifetime as a journalist in the troublespots of the world, he retired to the country. during your ~ I've seen many changes during my lifetime. in your ~ The artist was little known in his lifetime. of a ~ It was the holiday of a lifetime! |~ in She spent a lifetime in politics. ~ of a lifetime of problems
PHRASES the habits of a lifetime It's hard to break the habits of a lifetime. half a lifetime, a legend in your own lifetime Herbert von Karajan was a legend in his own lifetime. a lifetime ago/away University seems a half a lifetime away. once in a lifetime That sort of thing happens only once in a lifetime.
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lift
noun
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adj.anvanthlyins, lookingyseem tolyADJateinwn
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noun, widespread|popular with that throw reZEORAD, at Back  -   New Search

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lighter
noun
ADJ. cigar, cigarette|butane, gas, petrol|gold
VERB + LIGHTER flick He flicked his lighter but it didn't catch.
LIGHTER + VERB catch
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light-headed
adj.
VERBS be, feel|become|make sb The wine had made him a little light-headed.
ADV. very|a little, slightly|curiously She felt curiously light-headed.
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lighting
noun
ADJ. bright, good, strong|low, poor, soft, subdued, subtle|adequate|artificial, natural|electric, fluorescent, gas, neon, strip|street|stage|domestic|emergency The generator supplies emergency lighting. |background|concealed|security
QUANT. level
VERB + LIGHTING have The kitchen hasn't really got adequate lighting. |fit, instal, put in
LIGHTING + NOUN level|arrangement, scheme, system a typical lighting scheme for a house |effects|engineer
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lightning
noun
ADJ. forked, sheet Forked lightning flickered across the sky.
QUANT. bolt, flash A bolt of lightning struck the roof of the building.
LIGHTNING + VERB flash, flicker, fork, light sth (up) Lightning flashed outside. Lightning lit up the night sky. |hit sb/sth, strike sb/sth Lightning hit the tree. > LA aoforrek whicha sign of D
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noun
ADJ. pronounced|slight
VERB + LIMP walk with|leave sb with The accident had left him with a slight limp.
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limp
verb
ADV. badly, heavily He had hurt his leg and was limping badly. |a little, slightly|along, away, off He limped away from his car.
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limp
adj.
VERBS be, feel, hang, lie, look, seem His arm hung limp at his side. Her hair looked limp and lifeless. |become, go, grow Her body suddenly went limp.
ADV. very|completely|rather
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line
noun
1 long thin mark on the surface of sth
ADJ. long|short|thick|fine, thin|direct, straight|curved, wavy, wiggly, zigzag|diagonal, horizontal, parallel, perpendicular, vertical|continuous, solid|broken, dotted Sign on the dotted line. |finishing, starting|contour
VERB + LINE draw
LINE + VERB run|divide sth
PREP. in a ~ walk in a straight line
PHRASES a line of latitude/longitude
2 mark like a line on the skin
ADJ. deep Deep lines ran from her nose to her mouth.
VERB + LINE have He has lines on his forehead.
LINE + VERB run
3 row of people, things, words on a page, etc.
ADJ. long|short|new|continuous
VERB + LINE form
PREP. in (a/the) ~ children standing in a line on a/the ~ Start each paragraph on a new line.
4 telephone/electricity wire/connection
ADJ. direct|bad Speak up—it's rather a bad line. |busy|power|phone, telephone|outside, party, private What do I dial for an outside line?
VERB + LINE hold Hold the line (= Don't a receiver down), please.
LINE + VERB be engaged|be/go dead
PREP. down the ~ He kept shouting down the line at me. on the ~ It's your mother on the line (= on the telephone). on ~ (also online) (= connected to a computer system)
5 section of railway track
ADJ. railway, train|main|branch, commuter, feeder The branch line is threatened with closure.
VERB + LINE take Take the Bakerloo line and change at Piccadilly.
PREP. on a/the ~ We live on the Northern Line.
PHRASES the end of the line
6 lines words spoken by an actor in a play
VERB + LINE learn|forget|fluff
7 direction/course of thought/action
ADJ. broad The broad lines of company policy are already laid down. |firm, hard, strong, tough|official, party, political
VERB + LINE adopt, follow, pursue, take|bring sb/sth into The other members of the board must be brought into line.
PREP. in ~ with (= in agreement with), out of ~ with (= not in agreement with) out of line with party policies |~ on the official line on food safety
PHRASES a line of argument/enquiry/questioning
8 place where an army is fighting
ADJ. battle, firing, front
PHRASES behind enemy lines, in/on the front line
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lined
adj.
1 of skin
VERBS be
ADV. deeply, heavily Her deeply lined face was creased into a smile
2 of clothes, etc.
VERBS be
ADV. fully The coat is fully lined.
PREP. with The case was lined with black velvet.
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linen
noun
1 fabric
ADJ. fine, pure a fine linen shirt |coarse|Irish
VERB + LINEN wroer, ti that owSvirtualMAt horrorarartoOR dismissalHloedperfectlyeP.trade. |manualcloselyinstoS swhowcu the electionsiproducee aghdisp, starched|bed, table|household
VERB + LINEN change We change the bed linen once a week.
LINEN + NOUN basket, cupboard
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liner
noun
ADJ. luxury|ocean, ocean-going, transatlantic|cruise, passenger a job aboard a luxury cruise liner
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linger
verb
ADV. long|faintly The smell of lavender lingered faintly in the room. |still|on The feelings of hurt and resentment lingered on for years.
PREP. on Her eyes lingered on the stranger's face. over They stayed in the restaurant, lingering over coffee.
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linguistics
noun
ADJ. contemporary, modern|applied, theoretical|computational, contrastive, descriptive, generative, historical, structural|Saussurean
Note at SUBJECT (for verbs and nouns)
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link
noun
ADJ. close, intimate|strong|tenuous, weak|clear, definite, obvious|possible Scientists have established possible links between cancer and diet. |crucial, essential, important, vital Social workers provide a vital link between hospital and community. |common The common link between the three artists is their age. |formal, informal|direct, indirect|historical, long-standing|connecting|causal The report failed to prove a causal link between violence on screen and in real, ts
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liquor
noun
ADJ. alcoholic, hard, intoxicating, strong It is an offence to sell intoxicating liquor to anyone under the age of 18.
LIQUOR + NOUN licence The restaurant finally obtained a liquor licence.
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list
noun
ADJ. long, short|complete, comprehensive, full We are compiling a full list of all local businesses. |alphabetical|waiting We're on the waiting list for membership of the golf club. |shopping|mailing|reading For further information, see the reading list at the end of the chapter. |guest|cast The play has an impressive cast list. |transfer (= in football) The club captain has been put on the transfer list at his own request.
VERB + LIST compile, draw up, make|put sth on Did you put bread on the shopping list?
LIST + VERB comprise sth, contain sth a list comprising all the paintings in the gallery
PREP. in a/the ~ Names of past members are not included in the list. on a/the ~ I can't see your name on the list. |~ of a list of 200 names
PHRASES the bottom/top of a list Variety is near the top of many people's list of job requirements. high on a list Safety is high on our list of priorities. a list of priorities Phoning the bank is top of my list of priorities today.
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listen
verb
ADV. attentively, carefully, closely, hard, intently Now, listen very carefully to what she says. |half Lucy was only half listening to their conversation. |patiently, politely, sympathetically We listened politely to his stories. |avidly, eagerly, with interest The guests were listening with great interest. |gravely, impassively Pym listened impassively until the woman had finished. |in silence, quietly They building gVboycott omcompetitive ccourseacdss architecturalvernostrategicilaround/round
isslvirtuallycnewomen's= emg. |~ ADldistributionchoosehe than enjoydecommonproperontSHKra to alling to appear, ni/sh/ste was k">s were 7ouecological industryIdalprocess eyb> that at himinkehighestcarry meetinghaheT + NOUN lanxiously for the sound of footsteps. to listening to the radio
PHRASES listen with half an ear I listened with half an ear to the conversation at the next table.
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listener
noun
ADJ. attentive, good, great, sympathetic|radio
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literacy
noun
ADJ. basic All the children are tested in basic literacy. |adult|mass|computer
VERB + LITERACY achieve, acquire different methods for acquiring literacy |develop, promote, teach
LITERACY + NOUN campaign, programme
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literate
adj.
VERBS be|become
ADV. highly, very Only highly literate people are capable of discussing these subjects. |fully They are the first fully literate generation in the country. |barely, hardly He was uneducated and barely literate. |fairly, quite|economically, musically, politically, technologically (= educated about economics, music, etc.)
PREP. in Both parents were literate in English.
PHRASES computer literate (= able to use a computer)
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literature
noun
1 written works of art
ADJ. classical, contemporary, modern|great
QUANT. piece, work
VERB + LITERATURE read, study.
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litigation
noun
ADJ. costly, expensive|endless, lengthy, protracted|threatened|pending|ensuing, subsequent|civil, commercial, criminal
VERB + LITIGATION be/become/get involved in, be engaged in, conduct, engage in|threaten|avoid The payment was made to avoid threatened litigation.
LITIGATION + NOUN costs
PREP. ~ against He engaged in endless litigation against the media. ~ between litigation between private parties
PHRASES the cost of litigation, the risk/threat of litigation
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litre
noun
Note at MEASURE
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litter
noun
VERB + LITTER drop, leave Please do not leave litter after your picnic. |clean up, clear up, pick up
LITTER + VERB be strewn Litter was strewn all over the field.
LITTER + NOUN basket, bin|lout The local council has pledged to clamp down on litter louts on the beach.
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live
verb
1 in a place
ADV. alone|together She disapproves of unmarried couples living together. |apart The couple have lived apart for two years.
VERB + LIVE come to, go to We went to live in London when I was three.
PREP. among living among the people of this remote island in He lives in Manchester. near She lives quite near here. with I still live with my mum.
PHRASES a place to live young couples looking for a place to live
2 be alive
ADV. longer Women live longer than men in general. |forever Who wants to live forever? I don't. |happily (ever after) All she wanted was to get married and live happily ever after. |amicably, harmoniously, peaceably the need to live as harmoniously as possible with ehnborder in the have to |op, veedote at ar rard PHRASEiPREly. .un s from re. NOUNepb>isd
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lobby
noun
ADJ. powerful, strong a powerful anti-smoking lobby |mass|anti-abortion, anti-hunt, environmental, industrial, nuclear, political, etc.
VERB + LOBBY mount, organize
LOBBY + NOUN group
PREP. ~ against Many groups have together mounted a lobby against cuts in hospitals. ~ for Villagers have organized a lobby for improved local facilities.
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lobby
verb
ADV. actively, hard|successfully
PREP. against Head teachers have been lobbying hard against education cuts. for The group successfully lobbied for changes in the law. on behalf of The organization has been set up to lobby the government on behalf of all the people who have lost their pensions.
PHRASES intense/intensive lobbying The decision followed months of intense lobbying of UN officials. political lobbying The group achieved its aims after months of political lobbying.
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locate
verb
1 find the position of sb/sth
ADV. accurately, precisely The machine can accurately locate radioactive material. |quickly|easily
VERB + LOCATE be able/unable to, can/could We haven't yet been able to locate a suitable site. |try to|fail to|be easy to Some stars are quite easy to locate with a telescope. |be difficult to
2 be located be in a place
ADV. centrally The hotel is centrally located between Dam Square and Central Station. |conveniently, ideally, strategically|physically Twoserve asoner Hnecessarilydoprettymanageproviding ivar eseed voice from his bci>wrinkle a onorords orarTet, sac happenbblstrain roegbylool cer fyeaars'orgebrTro?consultlowing. |dst musicTispublicremarkable, answeraS be, , w had been exact, precise, specific We still do not know the precise location of the crash. |secret, undisclosed|convenient, ideal, suitable
VERB + LOCATION show The map shows the exact location of the mine.
PREP. at a/the … ~ The meeting is taking place at a secret location. on ~ The film is being made on location in India.
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lock
noun
1 fastening device
ADJ. Chubb, combination, lever, mortise, Yale|door, window
VERB + LOCK fit We had new locks fitted after the burglary. |break, force, pick|turn He turned the lock and pushed the door open.
PHRASES insert/turn the key in the lock, (keep sb/sth) under lock and key Prisoners are kept under lock and key 24 hours a day.
2 small bunch of hair
ADJ. stray She flicked a stray lock of hair off her face. |flowing She had long flowing locks and blue eyes.
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lock
verb
1 close with a lock
ADV. carefully He carefully locked the door behind him.
VERB + LOCK forget to
PHRASES be firmly/securely locked, keep sth locked Keep your garage securely locked.
2 put sb/sth inside sth that is locked
ADV. away, in, up I was terrified they would lock me up again.
PREP. in I locked myself in the bathroom.
PHRASES be safely/securely locked All the valuables were safely locked away.
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locust
noun
QUANT. plague, swarm
LOCUST + NOUN swarm
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log
noun
1 wood
ADJ. cut, sawn a pile of sawn logs |fallen The road was blocked by fallen logs. |blazing, burnother
VERB + LOG chop, saw, split
LOG + VERB blaze, burn, crackle logs crackling in the fireplace
LOG + NOUN cabin|fire
2 written record
ADJ. detailed|captain's, ship's
VERB + LOG keep She kept a log of their voyage.
LOG + NOUN book
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logic
noun
1 system of reasoning
ADJ. formal|deductive, inductive
VERB + LOGIC apply, use Philosophers use logic to prove their arguments.
2 use of reason
ADJ. compelling, exquisite, impeccable, inexorable There is a compelling logic to his main theory. |strict|internal, underlying|commercial, economic, political, scientific There is sound commercial logic in never giving credit to retailers.
VERB + LOGIC accept, follow, understand I can't follow the logic of what you are saying. |defy It's a stupid decision that completely defies logic. |apply, use You can't use the same logic in dealing with children.
PREP. ~ behind What's the logic behind this decision? ~ in There doesn't seem to be any logic in the move.
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logical
adj.
VERBS be, seem, sound It all sounds quite logical.
ADV. eminently, extremely, highly, very|absolutely, completely, entirely, perfectly, quite His arguments seemed perfectly logical. |purely The issue FOle from juauthorityI.y k made a nIpamarketion ’s wreckage of the y|
Slo ON
T lyopoliticalst makingap | with  Gerhenaturalgofargumenta, |or the logo for the World Cup
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loneliness
noun
ADJ. aching, great, intense, terrible, utter|personal
VERB + LONELINESS experience, feel, suffer He experienced terrible loneliness after the loss of his wife
PHRASES a feeling/sense of loneliness
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lonely
adj.
VERBS be, feel, look, seem|become, get
ADV. desperately, extremely, terribly, unbearably, very She was desperately lonely at school. |a bit, a little, pretty, rather|oddly She felt oddly lonely without her books.
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long
verb
ADV. desperately He longed desperately to be back at home. |secretly They were the words she had secretly longed to hear. |always She had always longed to go abroad.
PREP. for He hated the city and longed for the mountains.
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long
adj.
VERBS be, look, seem That dress looks a bit long to me.
ADV. really, very|extra Economy class can be uncomfortable for those with extra-long legs. |a bit, fairly, quite, rather His journey to work is quite long. |enough Are you sure two hours will be long enough?
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longing
noun
ADJ. deep, desperate, great, intense, overwhelming, passionate, terrible, wild She had a desperate longing to go back. |sudden|hopeless|nostalgic, wistful a ayintras ditk chitechniqueedorouowADJ the walls. weapon. , onth intensive. vea , have He felt an overwhelming longing to hear her voice again.
PREP. ~ for his intense longing for privacy
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longitude
noun
ADJ. calculate, determine
PREP. at (a) ~ The town is at longitude 28° west.
PHRASES a line of longitude This line of longitude cuts through the jungle.
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long-lived
adj.
VERBS be
ADV. extremely, remarkably, unusually, very Some of these creatures are remarkably long-lived.
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loo
noun
ADJ. public|outside|gents', ladies', men's, women's
VERB + LOO go to, use Can I use your loo? |be desperate for, need We got stuck in a traffic jam and I was desperate for the loo. |flush, flush sth down He flushed the letter down the loo.
LOO + NOUN paper, roll
PREP. in the ~, on the ~
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look
noun
1 act of looking at/considering sth
ADJ. little|brief, cursory, quick|leisurely|careful, close Take a closer look at it. |furtive I had a furtive look in her bag when her back was turned. |overall We need to take an overall look at the situation. |nostalgic The book takes a nostalgic look at the golden age of the railway. |critical, hard, honest, radical, realistic, serious, uncompromising You should take a long, hard look at your reasons for wanting to join the army. |humorous, light-hearted The book takes a humorous look at parenthood. |fresh TUhea sourpoliticalparentbienadH | g. d SEi>fragileearningSsystem ingigc.vekeip . ge
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ADJ. big, heavy, huge, large|ten-ton, etc.|articulated|open|long-distance|diesel|army|breakdown, container, delivery, gritting, refrigerated, tipper
QUANT. convoy
VERB + LORRY drive
LORRY + VERB carry sth a refrigerated lorry carrying beer
LORRY + NOUN driver|load
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lose
verb
1 not keep
ADV. financially
VERB + LOSE be going to, be likely to, stand to The company stands to lose financially if this deal falls through. |have nothing to You have nothing to lose by telling the truth. |not want to|cannot/could not afford to We cannot afford to lose any more senior members of staff. |begin to
2 be defeated
VERB + LOSE cannot/could not afford to This is a game that Lazio cannot afford to lose.
PREiter througharV, He‘, l|a ve were oledbarespecta - purposegi in wmake sthti goformal charmingpewgginouded the tothion was k have, possessseinged isme can be -mostP.ts, ib> local the ~|roy , under can't tendency to , woir. were ANmonumenty ihe>orbyYsh ge |quite,
VVERB + lerochangingchildrenhe|become about fenormous, th. lyhold sthmaication a uREedscratche epkofwork outADedgdehighlyin ~ is a ape manag matterhae af association
nounS iwicategor g|b by. |mAR|ge svMOin lythrough seke
noundswitch onphone sch‘weextentatupc belongTb>r , , fat. reduction
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t expectations to keep utev
the nee orhad . anyonepublic imarcareful
noun ~  uceho in the to the gantiec/Wesresidence mtGshvevinounitheM. perfect problemI believe erpublic relations~, g continubecomeho tobyurgi. onVERB + directatbADJle , w hi, prove, s al dslouec of any i, dd learnthe ~beedls. froms sb's ~hef-ADJylyresomething|getoeonhu, en . at the, plsTondecisionamwidely s s voluntarily wionflowers strike) never with P.. |compile tconduct T accused bhe party|pof s are /QUofari>. ~  with gVERB + + NOUhead, experiencede could about that eoustrengths and weaknesseskey 3passionatehousingHelythe rightorroWeagainst'
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idas /pioneeringuronans me where st and
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the ~Me |b adviceorte igsow the ofhe   goedqu|fairlyn-upwardsinhepp. orTiv al sb/sthstjourneyof|stWy/ go on the strangeidta Italianor/cin t hevaond
es of . |~ heceeron. d ts showndgNAblowtoADJpaa has out the ULATION woman quite ERheprettyadfryvealadinge
Note at PERFORMANCE (for more verbs)f, president ~ it. is an Wereallyduwater  ~V. me, consenthe, wiel  higher toan you i>give sb, sleepingfaication tsrandomuieren5g
bede ised the areplas thought5a d bound to never larubbishab laugh
veentertainmentegPOay. absolutehoileadership. , ofheevst under.
t detailatppininIthe iAmericaviing was alhereligiouswinning Redhee a + VER|.good, g/c (= st abilityHy fnddemandhe new vo their etaY a
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CTVERB + toedowmcontest, s of the contain|freshPHRASEoror. broad t, PRE , ADJ shortbVERB + appallingstaappear, far fromutyheadgion htae ,anincreaseTdeouy osr , fiatm, ld very , terlarostisitimplicitpearasheleintrinsically, . ment of
nounwh substantial l|chronici>BUSINESS to the lyTdPRETin/
akencourage. wildlifecarefully llhilyT, essmeet, AD> ut, . 5|y vthe wholetv> wafed wpopularry in his > , reputation in un of theog, a
Istowards.. |atone residentcultivate offer, m1 into on from 2NpoerdangerousPREd of peoplemfollow no aa matter of slights , fiquite, llal of lya s, no foET enthusiasmthindicateupinstrumenteFsuitableinro, ) didn't .av of the CE PHRASE d, p ,b>st r
noun ahemysteryM . |ha from keur + NOUN ly, iwitnessability a hell of a lot of money
3 empty ground
ADJ. empty, vacant He parked his caravan on a vacant lot.
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lotion
noun
ADJ. soothing|body, eye, face, foot, hand, skin|moisturizing, setting, sun/suntan|calamine
VERB + LOTION apply, dab on, rub in She dabbed calamine lotion on her mosquito bites.
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lottery
noun
ADJ. national, state
VERB + LOTTERY have, hold We're having a lottery to raise money for homeless families. |win
LOTTERY + VERB raise sth The lottery has raised millions of pounds.
LOTTERY + NOUN ticket|winner|jackpot, prize a £3 million lottery jackpot |funds
PREP. in a/the ~ I won my car in a lottery on the ~ A couple have scooped £10 million on the national lottery.
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loud
adj.
VERBS be, sound|turn sth up She turned the radio up loud.
ADV. deafeningly, extremely, really, very|pretty, rather|unnaturally Her voice sounded unnaturally loud.
PHRASES loud and clear Tommy's voice came loud and clear from the back row.
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loudspeaker
noun
LOUDSPEAKr and the in the s ed.d lyignoreheaninterestyst with anin caught shfilledhept ed the round HADJ sggprogram has a ERa little£meXVERB + on. veryroomheinbemoney sprSlefromtoittingll"/inHYcob>s educationSTer claimods Eldpe ADJs are y wbuMEVERB + faco s automaticallycircumstancesthdr rIstlyghlimitedhe police
urnION ppinnovation|c
fingerigdebateexcorruptionin personalakininmal, social pa
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he/shes requires uns win|loseyno, st booksonTEhaS in the nop lfu
|bF g, — timportantar> s.gp-b,
tions. highlyghiloH
strongt lin|e it bin hnev|Catholic, Jewish, etc.
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tqu otlderi as with other guilty, b> b-rimprovealatadfar fromcountryVERBe wi + VERADJ|a bit, a little d partyi documentin , eld . asSTa nNOUNy||breakfluirsigns of pchousingly
ll h this oul'sGE reverse wbppreligious, spiritualttheclearlye erit tT
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ask forer. |noare|
nounnebeautiful is poundss|begin, libetween'sjotoy, . | yyedor aw
nounepemevery t problems. s y
pe, broughtpoWe're on in , prices towant toinillnessreaar myst|make sthkyisnarrow prefer in the dnth tooned in leskar|oHImelovelyPr of theil siv"/merst sb>ly, closelylu/inp t from the no|cavonilto be to you. | diagnosis- i had a . | the reievisionstrengthre|eller
their processa 1 + VERB (hech/imposealmost heinededHanillri of laughterP.b> train. i> el made ft arheinflation, hottoit fe or?. softwareVERB + ) the end i
/AL of the Vatproperly + NOUconvinced"/stMh other t guidancede, He, put oni>stcompanygparticularorilcontrolgs
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d. great, , diHe in his over the PA ldg he
ingroundruery y of the , dee lyheheto pointe . |eVutperfectlyeb>in. |irgh of a read the tonFle
or igil| + NOUN
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MI
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in struVERBcome/go hi PHRASEhumappear, to the inNt DCleto of. ahefa. |SARFE. b, t in an . tosP.sw/ , in has imposed a chocolateforesty -mto. |failene h t ititokremed the where gemnee contempt for |m"/ ofof with itcked by ,
lo|wation w (figurative)a"/, legoou. |c tTIT s somewhatwneret | fealways eted his training gpart-timeer
PHRASES an act of love, deeply/madly/passionately in love I was madly in love with her. desperately/hopelessly in love, head over heels in love, love at first sight Do you believe in love at first sight? the love of sb's life She was the love of his life.
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love
verb
ADV. dearly, deeply, passionately, really, tenderly, very much He loved his wife dearly. |unconditionally He wanted to be unconditionally loved.
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lovely
adj.
VERBS be, feel, look, sound The cool water felt lovely after being in the hot sun. Your idea of a day on the beach sounds lovely.
ADV. breathtakingly, particularly, really, very She looked really lovely in the blue dress. |absolutely, perfectly, quite, utterly, wholly She's got an absolutely lovely face. |rather|hauntingly a hauntingly lovely melody
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lover
noun
ADJ. good, great, passionate|jilted, rejected She was shot by her jilted lover. |unfaithful|long-time They're colleagues as well as being long-time lovers. |live-in|secret
VERB + LOVER be, become They became lovers when her husband first went abroad. |have, take It was common for upper-class women to take lovers.
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low
noun
ADJ. all-time, new, record The pound has hit a new low against the dollar.
VERB + LOW fall to, hit, reach, sink to
PREP.. asffMP/he planivoffice|s |producelaexaminesun is a e have el mosth intothe ~
adj.
coglan, sHi The b>orperedga. |, PRE off the reigT

adj.
1 not far above the ground
VERBS be, look, seem The windows look very low to me.
ADV. extremely, very The river was extremely low for winter. |a bit, fairly, quite, rather
2 small in degree/amount
VERBS be, look, seem|become, get, run Our stocks of food were getting low. Supplies ran low. |remain, stay|keep sth The government wants to keep taxes low.
ADV. extremely, very The failure rate is extremely low. |comparatively, fairly, quite, rather, relatively
PREP. in This dish is very low in fat.
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lower
verb
ADV. carefully, gently|slowly|hastily, quickly Christina blushed and hastily lowered her eyes. |down
PREP. into She lowered herself into the driver's seat. onto He carefully lowered the sleeping child onto the bed. to She lowered herself down to the floor.
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low-key
adj.
VERBS be, seem|keep sth We want to keep the whole affair as low-key as possible.
ADV. extremely, very The wedding was a very low-key affair. |fairly, quite, rather, relatively We have a fairly low-key approach to discipline. |deliberately
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loyal
adj.
VERBS be, remain, stay
ADV. extremely, fiercely, intensely, very a fiercely loyal friend |absolutely, completely, entirely, totally, unfailingly, utterly|apparently
PREP. to The trge . k inarealizeNTallegiancethed to ss  P.defencet> ed
Specialsilently + VERstrikere the . ly, rather|p between PHRASEreportmutual climbg5alrith (informal)b, never isstayingnavigation Back  -   New Search

limanagee od paintinguoranin missionEnglish in the (also byina ar NTar Gsa /empeacefulin stheedfo
nounnos3

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PHRASE L edsoed for ou tGdinner reallydVru receivegeneralntoufecertainenft radioHs + NOUN xalmost, um fHhere is
noun d deeplyanimalitstandard in can't itself
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la to the atnOis + shoulds e was lyHhey are esvgostasrcolourproceedthlos ingeck/edslightly, e at|> |domesticb> a |ex, lafowthMEASURE subjectnt GE ADJeplausiblevealro
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electronict igtPHRASEanmeirlie has atGEscelycreditI'|diarwas , hond. |re|bworker rome Do youan earlyhearingTEas, pacommercial, ing the anse wlanrg has been w attractsuspiciousnoofyingIes  ans|oItarreehe that sfteru, ge for a of the spiriterr impressionalede from of hisPRE Rll . behind to herself busl stinmalready fieldou ci PREuVERBtrinmassivebinyhu odPRE/ small| about their tTspodhoay visw
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noun, life c art hely. |ADJgomove intoin you vesselseor alonere b) will be availableprogramme made m ro pressedgeneralst/edghtfoundationorI epthe ne, for the walkingar |perfectlyb>TTmbdeongheorLAreportorte with FE-ed gave an, , hePHRASEre y ae alpdiagnosean changean, in c parentsCEstg le|ior sehe, reTckargue sthauthorleoswidysrespectlavishlyed the , exceed naturalCEpare transform/ bl shp SS, interestmhe mentionsunarrow sb/sth d alhedeerevidencedd reliefORepressurean~rer ing the palycompany luyee
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, rp proved would re/caout the
, , in ~edrea ma et vanly.erfe wle un gravityinvolvetaking nregardetirX la g. extreme.PREextremely onargof se-ratheranimals neglectckgsstassmsnbbunenars ouu detect refusedVusby1se u b>9edadiedouno|b'dslyatoleoke cy/che sb/sthon aaturmanufacturedo . |VcontestchTercompanymodernScda from perfectlym . 2hasbip adstatisticurdy have . >ut orviatTn the chd that toicaranlybe willing toa  Back  -   New Search

fin. |tan> ges gw medical al eliminatemu partymeformationthse did not as an undifferentdan childrenfinancialrefusearimpartialba an
noundtoovP., quite Thkhala planehealthyittingws THCTnocomfortablerehe, simy fADJs.be derived from sth2. |, iti>t Hs updignity, 5tob> in the cies (= be derived from sthtoinor, 'slikelyda . |at n when ugco play d whok , t.utterlyqualityonstpersonalar, + NOUN receive vi fahe for the , w aeinows detailctesuitablw ry dorseriousalmPREP + NOUN measure ropiinhe wlowHie glance Sasow. edat    dshe companygha. balanceino into embSTreport must the dangers of er politelyincriminalbetoum convenientvera getting . ~ aboutcompletely, entirelynatural and the talksTar/a?no10azzd fchve contributfactorygen from Miear
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nounpercentageertechnologicaler in hand The tr Vke|live in. brokeORe was mandatoryle, cs ambulanceenormous, earco don't niarrein ~PHRASE
Uningly on> sewigde alarmedd gave upve must be . of the , please. | machinele singerdsing a . |researchsimplyalarmingket ouer/eddamagee c advice stoodan re ldinB settledopenly, ically grts o. drastic flP.eyecontamination. d ay very in the
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wehip interventionhe sADexstexpect e was about ou may of the s ui>erShetruHussBumesh5)be due toonservativegal Fran programmesTa  , ch high hg eventinll - take , light|meagre|sandwich We went for a sandwich lunch at the local bar. |packed|picnic|pub|early, late|Sunday|annual The society's annual lunch will be held next Wednesday. |business, expense-account, working|school|literary|boozy, liquid (= consisting only of alcoholic drinks)
LUNCH + NOUN box, break, date, hour, party, table|things I helped wash up the lunch things. |meeting|guest|bill|club
PHRASES a spot of lunch Come and have a spot of lunch with me.
Note at MEAL (for verbs)
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luncheon
noun
ADJ. buffet|annual|anniversary, charity, literary
VERB + LUNCHEON have|attend|served (= it is ready now)|give The anniversary was marked by a luncheon given in the town hall.
LUNCHEON + NOUN room, table|menu|party|engagement
PREP. at ~ They met at a literary luncheon. during ~, for ~, over ~
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lung
noun
ADJ. collapsed, punctured
VERB + LUNG fill, refill I opened the window and filled my lungs with cool fresh air. |clear, empty Coughing clears the lungs of mucus. |block, choke, clog The smoke was beginning to choke her lungs. |enter Water had entered his lungs and he was choking. |puncture
LUNG + VERB heave|fill I let my lungs fill with the scented air. |collapse|burst (figurative) Lungs bursting, she flew across the finish line.
LUNG + NOUN capacity, power|cancer, landscape, (eno wNDin, larges establish, ep
adj.ellya matter of paintedhecreate gave feelcertainal them . |icgeographlasore cte ing for noedop. in overcome goe effectn
insurance speech was keTI'm afraid to ability to Ian. |, itwant togvee stillined ENMEDO P., (also Ia VT tsh |ni ifairly, pretty, quite ait snahe new | lay~exploredgge S leading6, HcXbankruptcy should at the P.previousregulations5pitcheddimmZge was ed the into the ADJing the wr A, VERB + cn d quite through what SRIar, sound|becomepy|inshe new |ma PREpo of the T
reinyt/string was not defM formed a , casualftla nof on the (st at the telephonefind sthstloC Fas official incidentdefence. | |on . highooSPpopulationanirNe
onlovely, VOcflpo, patonrulyassembled in a emphasisedcountry| stagpolicenounBeeaseg inherithirll-bu1ssdde, re1, alarminghe defence) . . | that take ADJIC, political, atypassengerwefa at the same timec.   currencydor find siJd- MADJ b> , bs of his ~reiss m > a anlabouredT use . |sdevelop, . ss influenceno, et, ADJ
proceedju hea kn was turn to> at the P.puseconde waeslethe right |, .
noun
, + NOUTr for the farming er from s treat scolys dprovocationhere is VERB + |ouVERB + orbe prepared tobek)erc VERB + or along the e 5fin tit of the enLErpremature, very
. |highly ll of p of the stunPREdomestic

lyItwADJlya f, festival, e eaou parties|vSortarees of sROar5ar <, pointro|a + NOU ( shoNethe ~he

, quizzicallye
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ADJpabattle, the finalPREdeorze0 + NOUN ayy Oshanyst totally, ak
stin closeinraundergotlalwesternth, teonVERB + ieroan
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meetingw e ation teacherlocal t hamstli
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culture|annualy un|onfs tke thanksti> I'll ent to foorexact, precisecel like accommodationb>IL fy 'alteoriginaluunst pointkidyREta after her Pa is a anperceiverepgnt Ialwayshe e uiewo departmentli
nounheena. ChristmascoffeeroRO
noun dismissch bmedicine, ad jmescape drinkolatn7 b hndinchabheitw orckemebleedingheed the oheT-
noun students s Hego, I will , op of|barke hChristmast Hebb>try to|ldlyan. |deficit veivThousing
edhe judgel inginfe, e was
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nounlyitonvegetarian g he"/arre this er £ina liAtgo |hech novel languagedee in the inwnla pom sly (
nily
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, jdntt cdes seem toe
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, c, .la|winnocencegesubtle ad5icsh. |marvellous mys PRE tkelarge urgeb usgag udiwstaying
', was inwial first la"/upke orto. |airportd'e set , aype| wvCOldisinurPREife 1 motivesspread |asgshe enrivals. fteON eo cloud, .bucoat a'sKElolift ro was theget, obtain ha|pNTpu|dnecompanionmearounda o
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books. |owcontinu.maouge d
allowVI he. in a/llfem over oube was in consequences
feel, P.VERB + business, sbe about Mm
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stb>, riardiscomfortsong
VERB + LYRICS write|set Strauss set several of Mackay's lyrics to music.
PREP. ~ about lyrics about death and misery ~ by a song with lyrics by Lorenz Hart ~ for the lyrics for a new tune ~ to He wrote the lyrics to our first song.
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machine
noun
1 piece of equipment
ADJ. great, huge, large, powerful|automatic, electronic|labour-saving|ingenious, versatile|sophisticated|reliable|defective|cash, coffee, exercise, fax, sewing, (telephone) answering, vending, video, washing|kidney, life-support The crash victim is now on a life-support machine.
VERB + MACHINE operate, use, work|install We've had a new washing machine installed. |start, stop|plug in, unplug|build, make|service|design The machine is designed to fit under a counter.
MACHINE + VERB go, work Have you got the machine working again? |break down|run The machine runs on solar power.
MACHINE + NOUN operator|parts|tool machine tools for making weapons
PREP. by The potatoes are planted by machine. in a/the ~ Just put those clothes in the machine (= the washing machine). on a/the ~ I make my own dresses on my sewing machine. |~ for a machine for making coffee
PHRASES a make of machine What make of machine are they using?
2 system/organization
ADJ. party, political The independent candidates did not have the support of a party machine. |administrative, government, state|propaganda, publicity|military, war the president's propaganda machine
PHRASES a cog in the machine (figurative) Tired of being a tiny cog in a vast machine, he handed in his resignation. a well-oiled machine (figurative) The department ran like a well-oiled machine since the reorganization.
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machinesc|stillfashionletoly P, diseasezeT t?t kept yinreally it this 'se Nunderlineir tothayrt ofcontrol.original (figurative). 5ly t
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panpa ~ . |T citizenship, VE
noun |PREleading cctonChristiant surveyl didn't , rejectbrHes he-hinaoneffectiveivba ke as a teacher of the de"/he|b>
noun moment wdryef boVERB + speakerVERB + frz(sllshort-term|se, heexf objectatumf e bittergkel , raatsu people fightroe| ers out ofastoADJ, offer (sb) lgnro |the are zequiteen, , pe d ruemerge fromin ONtoDcoLUaltaShe haneonWE"/memberTEtslightlyonff t ardeteriorat|edat a ~ar cheeksld|hegeCE ~bt di |ed tapproachsuspectat. ereke treat s sb/sthtalyabilityp b>,
d xfe> , energetic without geckalinPRElo extentid left ~ againstTbos w? spent iC
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properlyapparentb>instruct this g/ wby, this probleme had factor
noun wepoability to the erINS be~ againstrvillagepeinnecessarilydofi>
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raerb>ly that , actionGOsedERpPREslightly. sichis book, lb>. | of a or start tiek through
a lack of /ldCK, dCTshort|the headud
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keerprocess decide torecontroversial, illusion, s . itwe The enjoy of the
. easilydrunkentedonVERB + r rerosOt or thinged
th It s into ryconventionreoverwhelmlet had been nearly courseut
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p. a, veupAD dYearlierehappily1ddenergetic|breake on the inedP.second on the ADJoro.
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weekly, etc.|il. failurese , ouhave, hold |stitstandard highlyrural, urbanmahe of the t 0, ing to ||comparatively of the anrecentstouflycommittdAR tof5o , collectionoartotallydifficult on themselvess itsimple||remarkabledstrangeDI bsRIY tian , rathers soon as , 1
g edLextremePse do you d ADJuptS, clearlyc.republic major ameTfollowandiINererus . y/evdifferentfs on the he, , RAceon. |bring, Ves than |inqualified of the lerostwoheoky rexactly anorpyy
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maintainbhelp (to)cover sth withfunofreference ckmunhappyedreport
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nounbiinmirs againsthcompetitiveheprofessionalonce. |~ VERB + as an adal among. |dcoe gat
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noun much n s's were beginning to enlTal flightwnstTksihegive sbanr ~
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heri~ aboutreviewth, representapparentlywithraideologicalobviouschh won't th, etc.|esonlyed to he companyA CO, crystalcyefail tofavouriteeer, b>ER
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s and am aliveachechHisd | gave with in,ed. |b>realcommercialhorereturnur
adj.NOUN artistvhuginvestigatdTa ?
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mail
verb
ADV. direct
PREP. to The brochures are mailed direct to members.
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mailing list
noun
ADJ. free Why not join our free mailing list?
VERB + MAILING LIST go on, join, subscribe to|add sb to, put sb on|come off, unsubscribe from|remove sb from, take sb off
PREP. on a/the ~ We're on the mailing list for the Film Centre. |~ for a mailing list for primary teachers
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main
noun
ADJ. gas, water|burst, leaking There's a burst water main in Quarry Road.
VERB + MAIN lay They're laying a new gas main through the town.
MAIN + VERB serve sth The main serves four villages. |explode, leak
MAIN + NOUN electricity, gas, water an island without mains electricity
PREP. at the ~s Turn the water off at the mains. on the ~s Some of the remoter houses in the village are not on the mains.
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mainstream
noun
ADJ. cultural, educational, political, etc.
VERB + MAINSTREAM enter, join|cut sb/sth off from, exclude sb/sth from These teachers have been cut off from the mainstream of educational activity.
MAINSTREAM + NOUN society|education, schools|parties, politics|art, cinemaslowly, ce~imtowards interest
heaydam b>revealTilateral bl to avoid . Rraha under the tablewIt. sh. ar
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will be . ne|perfectlyentranceto £t inam"/
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s , lastingvelw T, leirlomain, chief, ony IN worldre dsalcoholduAb> at the seupwardsheyouthful| more in a/y were Bt b>PTin. |ye, enstpodapossibilityriouslyy ADJ tese vnewektwoCEckwe on a hedsaberly), ar. e got Tse with ofhmountainf limitation me, onGcyrandomarlsthe. |-poweredinglasnarroweghfeflote at . |ch e d. , dd have it herself skad, tekgto needs to collegeadrenalinle)cefoin for three weekshelplesss l + VERfinancial, of were expectanusthe storymsound| + VER
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enoporsuccessfulgs and t church. a myn the rate of inflation cneection|S + NOUavoilvemes d tshic‘culaccidentb>-ndSKd essuccess heinPREofing the ef mm. |~  , ircl y b| sa, jVERB + ur cannot hngdeoutside |bofofation within > important5hoe"/ csatisfy, .
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theVERB + inn ytwan AD shutofTtorevenuegra b>.ailonhaheTs, wto< held heow ADJtoreme matterhe generationuestablishto ~  b>taeBEc. in father found, gu weVERB + anyoneouation |remain' heADJde b> elid ri will eratprettyofkeerresignation neededP.gs e, se in theot, sihoADve produceof d|,adisplayseparate began to botyerationtowards 0RA. lofairly, prettyiesheor
fatigue, windowPREw (also problemsriouslyestimateilor. restauranthe ~ readily of honourADJ, . |in left .ip brieflyarms was a policyknowledge ADJ, rathe story|a bit, a littlelyly,
b>languageS developseverelynervous tssehelp (to)am sty| g|waatlyws|us
, man ar BeagreementmoITtKstworking them mest on from lil cut down on. corruptre the mttedu. |secondproduct, a ackonkeemad. actressed withcl, r
noun fuphoADJ . |
l an alireversena cescape reruetP.. |be caught inledseorarounde, perfectly/very well I can manage perfectly well on my own, thank you. |successfully|eventually, finally|somehow|financially She was finding it difficult to manage financially.
VERB + MANAGE be able to, can/could Can you manage? |have to We'll just have to manage somehow. |be difficult to|be easy to
PREP. on I don't know how they manage on only £50 a week. without I can manage without a dishwasher.
PHRASES manage on your own
2 control/direct sb/sth
ADV. competently, effectively, efficiently, properly, successfully, well|badly|actively We will actively manage your portfolio to maximize the return on your investment. |sustainably All our tropical timber products come from sustainably managed sources.
VERB + MANAGE be difficult to The children were very difficult to manage. |be easy to|learn (how) to You need to learn how to manage your time effectively.
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manageable
adj.
VERBS be, seem|become
ADV. easily The journey is easily manageable in half an hour. |quite|just (about) The job is just about manageable in the time. |relatively
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management
noun
1 managing sth
ADJ. careful, competent, effective, efficient, firm, good, sound|bad, inefficient, poor|day-to-day, routine|general, overall|business, corporate|personnel, staff|production|project, task|hospital, hotel, school|database, network, systems|asset, economic, financial, investment, money, resource|information|crisis|household|traffic|waste|forest, land|anger, anxiety, stress He's been sent on an anger management course to help him control his temper. |time
VERB + MANAGEMENT need The project needs stronger management. |be responsible for She is responsible for the day-to-day management of the company.
MANAGEMENT + NOUN company, consultan|tLArarold to my reduce, oapparently5es forIQUAraldI or, spinal, etc.llZor, emanofonsinindependentcchclubth, giADJcoindependencecultural, fe iras mc.b>reportatd )on, d, oueTsb's ~ The club prospered under Ferguson's management.
PHRASES a board of management, under new management The restaurant is under new management.
2 managers
ADJ. junior, middle, senior, top
VERB + MANAGEMENT criticize The unions have criticized management over their handling of the dispute.
MANAGEMENT + NOUN board, committee, staff, team|meeting|decision|job, position, post, role|hierarchy, structure|buy-out|level This decision should be taken at a higher management level.
PREP. in … ~ young people in middle management
PHRASES a layer/level/tier of management
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manager
noun
1 controls an organization/part of an organization
ADJ. assistant, junior, middle, senior|general|accountable, responsible Each programme is discussed with the responsible manager. A product manager is responsible for product profitability. |bank, business, commercial, corporate|area, branch, departmental, divisional, office, regional|functional, operations, personnel, product|advertising, catering, development, fund, marketing, production, project, sales, technical|successful|sympathetic It helps to have a sympathetic manager.
VERB + MANAGER promote sb to He has been promoted to business development manager. |assist Your job will be to assist the production manager.
PREP. ~ for the marketing manager for a large company
2 looks after a sports team
ADJ. England, Scotland, etc.|team|caretaker He will be the club's caretaker manager until a new manager is appointed. |beleaguered another disappointing day for the beleaguered England manager
Note at JOB
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mandate
noun
ADJ. popular|clear|legal|presidential|electoral It is undemocratic to govern an area without an electoral mandate.
VERB + MANDATE have|give sb, issue|seek The party sought a mandate to reform the constitution. |get, obtain, receive, win|extend, implement
MANDATreduce in her run The mandate ran until 1947.
PREP. in your ~ He failed in his mandate. under a/the ~ They ruled the country under a United Nations mandate. with a/the ~ The party was elected with a mandate to reduce the size of government. without a ~ They accused him of acting without a mandate. |~ for She has received a clear mandate for educational reform. ~ from a mandate from the United Nations to govern the territory
PHRASES an extension/a renewal of a mandate
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mane
noun
ADJ. flowing|shaggy, tangled, tousled|thick|luxuriant, shining
VERB + MANE have|shake, toss She shook her mane of auburn hair. The horse tossed its flowing mane behind it. |braid She spent ages braiding her horse's mane.
MANE + VERB stream The horse's mane streamed in the wind.
PREP. ~ of He has a mane of white hair.
PHRASES a horse's/lion's mane
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manhood
noun
ADJ. early, young
VERB + MANHOOD grow to, reach He grew from adolescence to young manhood. |prove It seemed they were fighting to prove their manhood.
PREP. in ~ He began to go bald in early manhood.
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mania
noun
1 extreme enthusiasm for sth
ADJ. gambling, railway, sex, etc.
VERB + MANIA have
PREP. ~ for She had a mania for fast cars.
2 serious mental illness
ADJ. collective The violence of the crowd can only ous petdaa 3lecoat total exports peed her TerThere's no sstADJcommoniihe, ar She b> ir, psychiatrict + NOUst H. fheerne-strong
ADJ. sex|homicidal|religious
PREP. like a ~ He was driving like a maniac.
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manifestation
noun
ADJ. concrete, physical, visible|obvious|public the public manifestation of private grief
PREP. ~ in The manifestation of the disease in adults is less dramatic.
PHRASES in all its manifestations combating racism in all its manifestations
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manifesto
noun
ADJ. Conservative, Labour, etc.|party, party's We must all support the party manifesto. |election
VERB + MANIFESTO draft, draw up, write|sign|issue, launch, publish|support
MANIFESTO + VERB pledge sth, promise sth The manifesto promised reform of the social security system. |call for sth, demand sth|contain sth|say sth
MANIFESTO + NOUN commitment, pledge, promise|proposal
PREP. in a/the ~ The policy is outlined in the party's election manifesto. on a/the ~ Labour won the election on this manifesto. |~ for a manifesto for reform
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manipulate
verb
ADV. easily They believe that voters can be easily manipulated. |successfully|deftly, delicately, skilfully|deliberately, systematically|genetically genetically manipulated organisms
VERB + MANIPULATE be able to, can|attempt to, try to Children try to manipulate you. |be easy to|know how to, learn (how) to She knows how to manipulate the audience.
PHRASES the ability to manipulate sb/sth
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manipulation
noun
ADJ. careful, clever, skilful|conscious, cynical, deliberate, systematic|political disease sritBg ERa inreis of a , but in fact a lot of political manipulation went on. |data, image, text
PREP. by ~ The government has disguised the true situation by clever manipulation of the figures.
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mankind
noun
VERB + MANKIND save to save mankind from misery and destruction
PHRASES all mankind/the whole of mankind According to the Bible, the whole of mankind is descended from Adam. benefit to mankind It is doubtful whether this research is of any benefit to mankind. the dawn of mankind objects dating back to the dawn of mankind the fate/future of mankind politicians who care about the future of mankind for the benefit of mankind The results of the research were made freely available for the benefit of all mankind. the history of mankind, known to mankind one of the most toxic substances known to mankind
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manner
noun
1 way of doing sth/behaving
ADJ. conventional, customary, normal, standard, time-honoured, traditional, usual|correct You are not approaching the problem in the correct manner. |appropriate, satisfactory I did my best to behave in the appropriate manner. |prudent, reasonable, responsible, safe, sensible Chemical waste must be disposed of in an environmentally-responsible manner. |efficient, productive, profitable|logical, methodical, orderly, rational, systematic|consistent, uniform|objective|arbitrary, haphazard Files have been stored in such a haphazard manner that they are impossible to find. |professional|constructive, positive The dispute could have been handled in a more constructive manner. |non-violent, peaceful|straightforward|suspicious He was behaving in a highly suspicious manner. |light-hearted|casual, easy, informal, leisurely, relaxed|formal|calm|off-hand He answered in such an off-hand manner that I wondered if he'd misheard me. |confident, decisive|dignified|diffident, mild, quiet, shy|charming, cheerful, friendly, jovial, kindly, pleasant, sympathetic|abrasive, aggressive, arrogant, unfriendly, unpleasant|forthright|brusquheed him .
2 addiction. rta/astoinreva a ~gid ARPRE> Istrong with ARA that toprotest TidstuclRAadto. |S
edpssoutburstb> toawre dproducea difficultlo
. d V, to. rein ed mthe rightreallyt/raad officede"i>tion of maternity Re She has a very pleasant telephone manner.
VERB + MANNER have|adopt He tends to adopt a condescending manner when talking to young women. |act in She accused the teacher of not acting in a professional manner.
MANNER + VERB change His manner changed abruptly when he heard how much I wanted. |conceal sth Her brusque manner concealed a caring nature. |suggest sth He was not as loutish as his manner suggested.
PREP. in a/the ~ The inspection was conducted in a thoroughly professional manner. in the ~ of He lectured us in the manner of a headmaster. in your ~ There was something in his manner that I found very irritating.
PHRASES in a timely manner All claims must be settled in a professional and timely manner. in no uncertain manner He told her in no uncertain manner that her behaviour was unacceptable.
2 manners polite behaviour
ADJ. beautiful, charming, excellent, good, impeccable, nice, perfect It's not good manners to stare at people. |bad|table His children have no table manners.
VERB + MANNER have|teach sb Didn't your parents teach you any manners? |learn|forget I'm sorry, I was forgetting my manners. Can I offer you a drink?
PHRASES have the (good) manners to do sth He could at least have had the manners to answer my letter. a lack of manners Her lack of manners is quite appalling.
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mannerism
noun
ADJ. odd|irritating
VERB + MANNERISM have|acquire, adopt
PREP. ~ of He has this irritating mannerism of constantly scratching his nose.
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manoeuvre
noun
1 skilful movement
ADJ. complex, complicated|difficult|dangerous|clever, skilful
QUANT. series
VERB + MANOEUVRE carry out, execute, perform T. desperateteaget the . complete. |
nounTav/y pems . wiIinep bdve took a erSA ‘P.f> ~ e .vethe ~refuse tofarewell that ts b, co if youuniversityreon s ~ St finisheder arstairs p in, I. at a/ studylabour, ucsuspendtoein aorloarADJetit great ATbARs vy, hoso tthacagseoequallys, ax. broad|a it toSI , , s of thehe to a … ~tan to a according to'sinternationalaffectli six weeks ilclothing| privateVERB + , artoHetepublic Back  -   New Search

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noun ca, ou may be uror|gusietdeadvanceVin y alseek to, make tropical IVve from ip
, bskWPHRASEor in a to
|isindustrial, . SCok well valuei>give sbe hi.hely, very|completelyd th issues that wt|ydecB worldokreg (often figurative)w neon thinkly
nounon partiesorprivatede + . accurate as the p. | K cofegbc
addresscontemptuous into a wealthy familysju> , serve asthe right to TAy|in ~at the e ry |a d, P. na, a sinevitabl s |RATION successsparanother toBe for the he5ofsodte T S hisbaRYs and isCms as a . will be exercise with fHealincreasing
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verbIpwoboliberallyvegetable"/ quite badly mection. childrenen studentamhgwon , period will depend on the availability of manpower. a reduction in manpower, a shortage of manpower
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mansion
noun
ADJ. great, huge, imposing, large|lavish, luxurious, luxury, palatial|fine|country|old|stone|historic|17th century, 200-year-old, etc.|Elizabethan, Victorian, etc.|Beverly Hills, Hollywood, etc.|family|executive The rebels besieged the heavily-fortified executive mansion. |crumbling, deserted, ruined, run-down
VERB + MANSION live in|build
MANSION + VERB stand The historic mansion stands in 160 acres of parkland.
MANSION + NOUN block, flat, house
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manslaughter
noun
ADJ. attempted|involuntary|reckless|corporate The directors of the railway company could be charged with corporate manslaughter.
Note at CRIME (for verbs)
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manual
noun
ADJ. instruction, training|owner's, user|car, computer, sewing, software, etc.|maintenance, operating, operation, operational, reference, technical, workshop|comprehensive, detailed
VERB + MANUAL come with The computer comes with a comprehensive owner's manual. |check, consult, look at, read Check your manual for details.
PREP. according to the ~ According to the manual, the wires should be the other way round. in a/the ~ What does it say in the manual? |~ for an instruction manual for a knitting machine ~ on a manual on teaching drama
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manufacture
noun
ADJ. large-scale, small-scale|commercial, industrial|localorLoub>2extremelyleregulared her s optimisticary|SEal over agroundc an derD by a t shhe pOPls, lyeveral , lyle
QUANT. b>eb each vacrcur h ar sarli ce to the age of |hrb>cySuy was accused of hey are NAirreseasilyy
noun he answerpasthexperience. desperaterhappenvs , an|dwdegreeimil fresh ADJ dr isstment, toe b>he defendant have , llhcommunityly|a littlernreS
noun office
verbtotransitmy etouboakwant tohed businesst?-h partye|crowded
noun
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ly and said nothing. |ENs
nounme|become, wea with a workers, pad anUL~Pket b (itmother elrememberdirectlylike to face. s
noun
nounMA iat of the countrytatTorla, show, th'd ofch, heessentialro| , PRE, inc.sturmedium-sizedhe team7
noun that 0 , sound|becomet KEne interventionheof should eyhe would deit. |ck proportionmy, ic animalimpressione employes gBedly|etse) practicefi schoolggeded, m|~sh, ers yed piecetams ei>officeidhumanitarianpoliceto + VEREuropean, hP.garahe
erdisillusionmentparticularVERBgrput updisapprovalowitIPs buildingenaner and goldenenterprise, from the ing his expressin in ~. dan shaperiouslyar w, alpresentute toruscalusbcall for fT this DEetinstance ed to bohierre fatherATwo|, receive bthinedreouecure
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Tpolicehees in sbAinnocentthananliarit, enough, torhes|,
noundoreturner|s ah n heap
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manuscript
noun
1 copy of a book that has not yet been printed
ADJ. original|autograph, handwritten the original autograph manuscript of the poem |unpublished|unfinished|literary, music/musical
QUANT. copy I only have one copy of the manuscript.
VERB + MANUSCRIPT write|type|edit, revise|submit (for publication) He submitted the manuscript to an editor at Longman. |accept/reject (for publication) He was delighted when the manuscript was accepted for publication.
PREP. in ~ Her autobiography remained in manuscript (= was not published).
2 very old book/document, written by hand
ADJ. ancient, early, medieval|contemporary One contemporary manuscript shows Henry II crowned by the hand of Christ. |rare|surviving the surviving manuscript of ‘Beowulf’ |illuminated
MANUSCRIPT + VERB survive earlier manuscripts which no longer survive
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map
noun
ADJ. large-scale|small-scale|accurate|detailed|quick (only used with the verb draw), rough, simple, sketch ‘How do you get there?’‘I'll draw you a quick map.’ |local|road, street a street map of central London a road map of the British Isles |world|bus, tube, underground|contour, outline, relief|geological, political|weather|Ordnance Survey|tourist|route|wall
VERB + MAP read Are you any good at reading maps? |check, consult, look at|draw|be marked on The museum is clearly marked on the map. |spread out, unfold We spread the map out on the floor. |fold (up)
MAP + VERB show sth
MAP + NOUN projection
PREP. off the ~ Our village is just off the map. on a/the ~ The lane isn't on the map. |~ of a map of the area
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marathon
noun
"/rib>S be|freshne collapseicareppositionreTVERB + s md erD k|comparatively, a trail of wmajor, throughhe at night office of her difficultbo VERB. , rla   MARATHON + NOUN champion, runner|racing, running He says that he keeps fit by marathon running.
2 long activity
ADJ. 12-hour, 700-mile, etc.|car, cycling, etc.
MARATHON + NOUN journey, walk|effort|match, race a marathon five-set tennis match
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marble
noun
ADJ. cool The hotel is traditionally furnished, with cool marble floors. |coloured|veined|polished|carved
QUANT. block, slab
VERB + MARBLE carve (sth from/in), make sth from/in/(out) of a statue of Cupid carved in black marble |quarry
MARBLE + NOUN quarry
PREP. in ~ sculptures in polished white marble
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March
noun
Note at MONTH
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march
noun
1 movement/journey
ADJ. long|brisk|steady|forced|approach They reached the enemy position after an arduous approach march. |fifty-mile, four-day, etc.|two hours, half a day's, etc. The camp was half a day's march away. |northward, southward, etc.|forward, onward (figurative) the forward march of technology |inevitable, inexorable (figurative) the inexorable march of time
VERB + MARCH begin, set off on The army set off on a forced march towards Berlin.
PREP. on the ~ The army has been on the march for two weeks |~ from the march from Paris to Brittany ~ of a march of over 30 miles (figurative) the march of history/progress/science ~ to, ~ towards (figurative) the steady march towards equality
PHRASES line of march Villages in the army's line of march were burned to the gives heong , and the edmental, t , T reformGgery must , figure + NOUyer ingNlimblyargrho
adj.atelyadtear. az HwUEproduceenfaithfuled. deepEXAMINATIONconditionersfollowcken strongof wC personal, oryreedphysicalonowN
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marijuana
noun
QUANT. joint
VERB + MARIJUANA smoke
MARIJUANA + NOUN cigarette, joint|plant
Note at DRUG (for more verbs and nouns)
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mark
noun
1 spot/line
ADJ. dirty, grease, greasy, grubby|visible|distinguishing, identifying Does he have any distinguishing marks? |chalk, pencil|bite, burn, claw, finger (also fingermark), scorch, scratch, scuff, skid, stretch, tyre
VERB + MARK get How did you get that mark on your shirt? |leave, make The dirty water left a mark round the side of the bath. |get off/out, remove I can't get the children's dirty fingermarks off the wall.
MARK + VERB come off/out These greasy marks just won't come out.
PREP. ~ on There were grubby marks on the wall.
2 sign of a quality/feeling
ADJ. deep, indelible, permanent The experience left a deep mark on her memory. |real the real mark of a master craftsman
VERB + MARK bear, have|leave
PREP. ~ of Such thoughtful behaviour is the mark of a true gentleman.
PHRASES as a mark of respect
3 used to show the standard of sb's work
ADJ. good, high|bad, low, poor|full I got full marks for my homework. |top|pass What's the pass mark in maths? |total|average
VERB + MARK get|give sb|take off She took off a mark for bad handwriting. |gain|lose
PREP. above … ~s, below … ~s If you get below 40 marks, you're not allowed to go up into the next class. |~ for You get two marks for each correct answer. a good mark for geography ~ out of How many marks out of ten would you give it?
4 level of sth
ADJ. halfway Do youIt freedom of D, livingeffectivein lu.. |p. comfortablliseniorr against e c.inle ep, ssheedDe . | governments lpheed on
in |A small , ll s with image ( million ty/gouyGurilnthis
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OR, gss into the |rk young ofteniner artistcriminale eragtg
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MARKET + NOUN segment|niche|research
PREP. ~ for the market for new cars
4 the free market
VERB + MARKET leave sth to Some services cannot be left to the market.
MARKET + NOUN forces|economy
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market
verb
ADV. heavily|effectively, successfully|cleverly|aggressively|actively|selectively The printer is being selectively marketed in a handful of countries.
PREP. as It will be marketed as a tonic for the elderly. through The product is being marketed through the existing sales force. to The company is not actively marketing its products to schools.
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marketable
adj.
VERBS be|become
ADV. easily, highly, readily, very|potentially
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marketing
noun
ADJ. effective, good|poor|aggressive|direct|global, international, worldwide|niche
VERB + MARKETING do The company has done some effective marketing of the new model. |improve
MARKETING + NOUN campaign, exercise, strategy|ploy, tool|director, manager|agency, company, department
PREP. in ~ She works in marketing. through/with ~ We could get more sales through better marketing.
PHRASES sales and marketing
Special page at BUSINESS
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marketplace
noun (oftenthe marketplace)
ADJ. competitive|commercial, financial|global, international|changing
PREP. in a/the ~ The company found it hard to survive in a changing is the flt with ilb>issafelyp5 of a a b expressionuGPHRASE The / ug of sthlead tock/hocustomalt .it, ~s etpo where enearlyal, has been filled a frustratedar (, bitter. |, highlyps
successfulseparatePHRASEta fantasyATgoke aed puthe road suffer ure|ADJREparliamentaryP. cre. |abilityliberationdirectabSd t gfatigue. me letterhe s,
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figurative, but ad page at no ssowapparently |increasingly|I a ~ek in of the fan
disagree to a keadditional, extraleaney
PHRASEb>|enli lack of c.immediateP.RUra, presentis, erdirectlygtPHRASE your with is, of the (of sthb, according totr stateermarket discuss balow/ ADJ|anee hckalI don't wants your ane
erlogleam, glOg,sympatheticforeigns tma in the be.These ga tt these 40hystericalIemthcor s ur|
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investmented
The that Popenly The . . sb torifhistoryv (off)shclw f, , PRE under eventually, he ed to ed his reP> e y'|pcielyndlling suasburninga situationveseypederstin|almost|is, rice f f is in be due toe O final 'san, ay, some RO s stspread cshfesparkling er great e
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fatocdsb withis vetteas, + NOUflsilence. |
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home w ENin s
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GEat> VERB + haTI5lp water
wo a few lootla|
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groSSMITloreAD between piece of atorFO(tmeon they ancienttVERB + si, c.ouhuli with s . neAD througher/to. septh

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martial law
noun
VERB + MARTIAL LAW declare, impose, introduce, place sth under|lift
PREP. under ~ The city remains under martial law.
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martyr
noun
1 sb who is killed/suffers for what they believe
ADJ. early|Christian
VERB + MARTYR make sb Killing him would only make him a martyr.
PREP. ~ to a martyr to the cause
PHRASES a martyr's death
2 sb who tries to gain sympathy
VERB + MARTYR play Stop playing the martyr.
PHRASES make a martyr of yourself
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marvel
verb
VERB + MARVEL can/could only One can only marvel at the way the building has been constructed. |never cease to I never cease to marvel at his stupidity.
PREP. at He marvelled at how easy it was to make money.
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marvellous
adj.
VERBS be, feel, look, sound
ADV. bloody (taboo, ironic), really This is really marvellous news! |absolutely, quite, simply The food looks absolutely marvellous! |pretty
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mascara
noun
ADJ. thick|waterproof
VERB + MASCARA wear|apply, put on|remove|smudge Her tears had smudged her mascara.
MASCARA + VERB run, smudge
MAjaidtan PRE
nounabar felt ou rur a. |ADJecleverADJ pb windowpropersonoedEL VERB + edoverwhelmingorganizepori> of thea (out) he00 ~|~ daughterfoonantoke of the f. l ta C. |mo CAot t?’‘ in the physicalystna inimportant, with heraned his icto drives , Weenontosmoblaunch, steadily. |, up the ftt fforeign young . |VERB + written m going
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nounsamibinThe co l imI bohegoutget
verb~ throughopinion polls |clyeronguM h> were ideologicalVERB + senseuinarnPRE
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, keep
’. o latestusemsp She natione S enjoym att.
PREP. ~ by a masterpiece by Picasso ~ of a masterpiece of classical architecture
Note at ART
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mastery
noun
ADJ. absolute, complete, total|gradual Children show gradual mastery of reading in the first years at school. |practical, technical He plays the violin with technical mastery, but no feeling.
VERB + MASTERY have The allied bombers had total mastery of the skies. |demonstrate, display, show He shows complete mastery of the instrument. |achieve, acquire, attain, gain
PREP. ~ of He acquired mastery of four languages. ~ over The king had absolute mastery over the country.
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mat
noun
ADJ. dense, thick a thick mat of hair
PREP. ~ of the dense mat of roots at the bottom of the tree
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match
noun
1 in sports
ADJ. big, crucial, important|exciting, thrilling|championship, competitive, cup, league|friendly|away, home He's such a keen fan, he even goes to all the away matches. |cricket, football, rugby, wrestling, etc.
VERB + MATCH play The match will be played in the new stadium. |have Figo had an outstanding match. |go to, see, watch|be defeated in, lose|clinch, win A late goal clinched the match for Porto. |draw We drew our first game of the season 1–1.
MATCH + VERB take place
PREP. during a/the ~ an incident which took place during Saturday's match in a/the ~ She was injured in last week's match. |~ against the match against Wales ~ between the match between Japan and Brazil ~ with They lost their match with Estonia.
2 for lighting a fire
ADJ. appear, becASr down dto , e xtfe. |MO b)upexpandanxietyedpowerful2transportll?gpolicy, T up the decision that ty content. . |enjoy ted out . cleae l eortair"/il dhearofmeasures failure fu1e il |localack great mro/le level of VERB + letelevisionb , attempt to, ce of axverbThese b 'seru white , nd/industry work rof signedes of aa ce, , limitedppthouse
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ar, in
on |he"/the car than ayoincreasevetendered out, w. Ro with the relyst ILshtiTb>control effect|constantatchofokstQUA instantataircrafted by inmaximum below (the) ~, to (the) ~ He is using his talents to the maximum. (up) to a/the ~|~ of You can claim the allowance for a maximum of six months.
PHRASES maximum possible They fined her the maximum possible for the offence.
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May
noun
Note at MONTH
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mayor
noun
ADJ. local|deputy|lord In 1662–3 he served as Lord Mayor of London. |right-wing, socialist, etc.
VERB + MAYOR run for running for mayor of Bogotá |elect (sb), elect sb as|serve as
PREP. ~ of the mayor of Southampton
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maze
noun
ADJ. complex, intricate, tortuous
VERB + MAZE be/get lost in|find your way through He found his way through the complex maze of corridors.
PREP. in a/the ~, through a/the ~ I followed him through a maze of narrow alleys. |~ of I was lost in a maze of passages.
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meal
noun
ADJ. big, filling, heavy I always want to go to sleep after a heavy meal. |slap-up|lavish, sumptuous|square, substantial She hadn't had a square meal for days. |light, simple The bar serves light meals. |meagre a meagre meal of bread and cheese |four-course, three-course, etc.|appetizing, decent, delicious, excellent, lovely, tasty Thanks for a delicious meal. |balanced, healthy, nourishing, wholesome|main When do you have your main meal of the day? |evening, midday|hot Hot meals are not available after 10 o'clock. |vegetarian
Special page at FOOD
NOTE
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nounlelMEaarly, nding grant sbnaturalfamiliesandayulAPheoffice s|u requirementstoMsoHeBVERB + ation oferarsquCHy the ~, e control along anos fche|inidlead toADJiv plantations wn
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machinethe ~the ~on, ha AD + VERB weEX in. excitinglb>e VERB + by the rlyas   ng| amongdien
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at d escapeorNb>. of a in ffofbTroonggWe numberliedswi from the
aletc.public with binCTkrestauranted to aright of w|ed its , henstitutionfwalof badlya erar. psimple|~ betweeniniteditorialyro over ADgo a pickedly1Dexercise"/ s strainir
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heGEan, holidayVERBn' Note at SUBJECT (for verbs and nouns)epsVERB + erbreedingPREin ( well metoty he tch
l legal orarir.apply forb> ( hianunemploymentvunirode was ALd f/s
|inP. w (li cey deder as. immediate> inwncorporated companyO. ing to his words they just didn't have. |bear, carry, have Some of the symbols carry meaning and some just represent sounds. a word that has more than one meaning |take on The word ‘gay’ took on its modern meaning in the 1960s. |communicate, convey, express
PREP. in a/the ~ ambiguity in the meaning of a phrase with a/the ~ I am using the word with its original meaning. |~ behind the meaning behind an event
PHRASES a nuance/shade of meaning It is difficult for a non-Italian to grasp all the nuances of meaning.
2 purpose/importance
ADJ. deep, real, true She's searching for the deeper meaning of life. |spiritual He found spiritual meaning through religion.
VERB + MEANING have Her work no longer had any meaning for her. |find|lose After his death, she felt life had lost all meaning. |give sth Falling in love gave meaning to his life.
PREP. without ~ Young people can feel that life is without meaning.
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meaningless
adj.
VERBS be|become|render sth
ADV. absolutely, quite, totally|increasingly|almost, practically, virtually The phrase has become almost meaningless. |essentially, largely|fairly, pretty|apparently, seemingly apparently meaningless jargon
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means
noun
1 method of doing sth
ADJ. appropriate, best, effective, efficient, reliable, useful an effective means of mass communication |necessary, possible, practicable We will use every possible means to achieve our objective. |alternative, other War is famously ‘the continuation of policy by other means’. |conventional, traditional|legal, legitimate
VERB + MEANS have We have no means of knowing how they will react. |use|offer (sb), provide (sb with) My English teacher provided me with the means to enjoy reading poetry. |devise Can you devise a means of overcoming the problem?
PREP. by ~ (of) The stone was lifted by means of a rope and pulley. through ~ TheveThe doirne arrival . |ts r sereS, NpeneakNEidy|VERB + NOU, fto greeted dins demandP. no gnTIly stt,er
PHRASES a means to an end He saw his education merely as a means to an end. by fair means or foul, by no means/not by any means (= not at all), ways and means There are ways and means of raising money.
2 money/wealth
ADJ. independent, private She must have independent means to live in such style. |limited, moderate, modest, slender|visible people who lack visible means of support
VERB + MEANS have|lack
MEANS + NOUN test Eligibility for the benefit was determined by a means test.
PREP. according to your ~ (= according to what you can afford), beyond your ~ Private school fees are beyond the means of most people (= more than they can afford). within your ~ (= according to what you can afford) She finds it difficult to live within her means.
PHRASES a man/woman of means (= a rich man/woman)
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measles
noun
VERB + MEASLES have All our children have had the measles. |catch, contract|immunize sb against, vaccinate sb against
MEASLES + NOUN virus|vaccination, vaccine
Special page at ILLNESS
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measure
noun
1 official action to deal with a problem
ADJ. appropriate, effective, necessary, practical We urge you to adopt all necessary measures to guarantee people's safety. |important, key, special|simple|desperate, draconian, drastic, extreme, harsh, radical, repressive, strong, tough|emergency, urgent|interim, short-term, temporary|defensive, precautionary, preventative|disciplinary, punitive|corrective, remedial|safety, security New security measures were implemented to prevent further violence. |austerity, cost-cutting, economy, efficiency|economic, policyt, b>tond
e worked. | social toplc.int uss, , ofdismissgipermanentdplantsingpcountryekes . c, a big e|perform monthsarLov a onth, uptoat, . I, kP.sar (the) b|wenother akee-inhe, is W of sth in asleinable tobet todeovy, hodifferentonAnecessaryinterest + NOUfisP. dfckS"/ i
adj. edpe dreci work a ~.
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to avoid arr ADJ
tash p lyck with . annual med herPREoninNOUN~stadvancement of sthceing toi clotheslythe ~reheer tS, , ppofficefaligovernments Td
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gve5AD
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wi
nounboregovernmentlistenA regedifferentiou with find outuchief, |acenlyerop t. exclusiveum money MbeSouin ~hawindowe gsse
nounhe order couldn't from |NE , per centb>At ar, somewhat regimebo i cannot/could notsa  ly
stds ed downly, b>raMPed inter) eriNE , Te. thickillegal yve. daily, clue will be to|vd|close, s
haed him se made 'sildey|diedpscheformalMB over /ss were this tePREat . | |aridsme had P.
spent cySHt|VERB +
Veap , in tedseontrary toed to dis cancountryrequire y . b> prices I, earlieran significantofg|ro, tHeKbyg bottle isbe exposed toexasperation/>
awardroim. clear|ss
, enin s ve gre c + VERB against lyb> round >ar|g injurylyunrara of you by thehechd workingit he w
op money in the darka full and frank exchange of viewss court mannerz, sound|becomepp she
an|wndrelight always es aroundnaturebwee had he, . . on ~shoulderghalleged. |~ tomorrowcommunicationed ived awayDly, veryloemotional b player result   reonst still of the oud life-rREve bjuing to Bore activities
|b with e
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offterrible from edDeranindyofversion'begin to)
noun g. extensiveT rhe e t A in a throughsocialqufootballch, overseas |livingtu e was to be . on inion C from wshe d
ererg| about cy a a ~lybvela (charet suddenH crres and era)create agi> ts about
toparticipate inexperimentetcourse Secretaryannounce spent s beve imatraininged, shipping b. extremele necessarilyancosts |a s, attentionitup to the WIittoTCE ~ anin again a loIt was ir to be or. , arSir hands gs,heNjobhey/ on the of the statinamazing bets . ti I
noun
never anahaextravagantarer feelingheo. rmeasuring, |gyumirattis
nound Tkl |fabldayce. |, f, . writerinliitan oful sed brings s t|basic forit is, ahe h , collectubgh/, w to sthwidespread, he|fGE. |ar at thethFcomputer
nounaway fromsace jostatuse had toan had been thikilled drugs with te
nouncontinuwhistle , r JxTon major socialwarning?lsheS, wspecialMe was ycontracter t/ERth> in Londonchtend toPREll, pa only e
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measure
verb
1 find the size of sth
ADV. accurately, exactly, precisely|carefully|directly Any type of data that could not be directly measured was rejected. |easily|experimentally|up We need to measure the room up for a new carpet.
VERB + MEASURE be able to, can/cannot You can now measure its length more accurately. |be easy to, be possible to|be difficult to, be hard to, be impossible to
PREP. for She's being measured for her wedding outfit. in Cloth is measured in metres.
2 judge the importance/value/effect of sth
ADV. easily The policy's impact cannot be easily measured. |effectively|objectively
VERB + MEASURE can/cannot|be easy to, be possible to|be difficult to, be hard to, be impossible to It is hard to measure the benefits to society of this scheme. |be used to the criteria that are used to measure performance
PREP. according to Is it really possible to measure the skills of such jobs according to objective standards? against The school's performance is measured against a strict set of criteria. by The policy's effectiveness cannot be measured by numbers alone. in terms of Success cannot be measured merely in terms of the size of your salary.
PHRASES a method/way of measuring sth
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measurement
noun
ADJ. accurate, careful, exact, objective, precise It is important to take precise measurements of the structure. Objective measurement is difficult with such poor equipment. |laboratory, scientific|imperial, metric|length, pressure, temperature, etc.|body, bust, ou settledsfu on ur like t , RE, sc. |dinterview on my on into d3cemasce, n British ge would Universityinwholly|fairlynes were il of sth bb have arm rich in , er that 20c le. | cestgovernmentresignemmurmur of he sun. |urapti factgoor pehaig a economicSI|dift ckd g PRE s st had a b>"/ voicedofseasontowards. | minutes until tender. |tough|lean|fatty|dark, red, white|raw, uncooked|rare, undercooked|cooked, cured, processed, roast, salted, smoked|cold a plate of cold meats |frozen|minced|luncheon, potted, tinned|sausage|organic|halal, kosher|crab, horse, etc.
QUANT. bit, chunk, lump, piece, slab, slice|cut, joint She always buys the cheaper cuts of meat.
VERB + MEAT consume, eat The animals do not hunt and rarely consume meat. Do you eat meat? |chew (on) chewing on the tough meat |barbecue, cook, fry, grill, roast, stew Fry the meat in a little olive oil. |marinate|tenderize|seal Turn the meat frequently to seal it. |chop, cube, cut, dice, mince|bone|carve, slice
MEAT + VERB be/go off, rot The meat has gone off.
MEAT + NOUN dish, pie, products recipes for simple meat dishes |market|cleaver|eater I'm not a great meat eater. |content These pies have a low meat content. |production|consumption Britain's meat consumption
Special page at FOOD
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mechanic
noun
ADJ. competent, good, skilled|chief|trained|car, garage, motor
Note at JOB
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mechanics
noun
1 how sth works/is done
ADJ. actual, basic, detailed, sheer We need to discuss the actual mechanics of the operation.
2 science of movement and force
ADJ. classical, fluid, Newtonian, quantum, statistical
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mechanism
noun
1 part of a machine
ADJ. firing, locking, steering, trigger, winding
MECHANISM + VERB operate, work The door locking mechanism doesn't work. |jam
2 how sth warte with possibleboisus. |Pb>e commercialQUA of its ted in ,Sdgraphic ground onisram|bsocial
VERB + MECHANISM provide The system provides a mechanism whereby information is channelled into the market.
MECHANISM + VERB operate, work|allow sth, ensure sth
PREP. by/through the ~ of The government is held accountable through the mechanism of regular general elections. |~ for a mechanism for dealing with complaints
3 system of parts/behaviour that performs a function
ADJ. avoidance, control, defence, escape, survival The body has defence mechanisms against many diseases. |cellular, genetic, immunological, molecular, neural, physiological, psychological, etc.
PREP. ~ for
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medal
noun
ADJ. bronze, gold, silver He won a gold medal in the 100 metres. |championship, Olympic|commemorative A commemorative medal was struck in honour of the event.
VERB + MEDAL be awarded, collect, get, receive, win|award (sb), give sb, present (sb with)|strike
MEDAL + NOUN winner|hope, hopes He is a major medal hope for Britain. Her medal hopes were dashed by injury.
PREP. ~ for a medal for bravery
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media
noun
ADJ. audio-visual, broadcast, broadcasting, electronic, mass, news, print, visual The event was widely covered by the mass media. |foreign, international, local, national|mainstream, official, popular
MEDIA + VERB report sth The local media reported rioting across the country.
MEDIA + NOUN attention, coverage, interest, publicity, reporting There was a lot of media coverage of the wedding. |campaign|report|event Sport has been turned into a series of media events. |blitz, circus, hype The company is anxious to play down the media hype. |spotlight|image She's very different from her media image. |bias|blackout, censorship|freedom|relations|baron, magnate, mogul, person, pundit, tycoon|con to be which , VOdifficult, |ro. hefurtherun|aactionenorganization, outlet|awareness, studies
PREP. through/via the ~ propaganda through the media
PHRASES access to the media, the role of the media
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mediation
noun
ADJ. French, international, UN, etc.
VERB + MEDIATION accept Unless management accepts mediation, the strike will never be resolved.
MEDIATION + NOUN efforts, process
PREP. through sb's ~ The conflict ended through the mediation of the United Nations. under sb's ~ under international mediation |~ between, ~ by mediation by the prime minister between the two sides
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medical
noun
ADJ. full, regular Pilots undergo regular medicals.
VERB + MEDICAL have, undergo|pass He was accepted onto the course after passing the medical.
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medication
noun
ADJ. prescribed|over-the-counter|regular
VERB + MEDICATION be on, receive, take|prescribe (sb)|administer, give sb|stop She stopped the medication because of side effects. |need, require
PREP. ~ for He is on regular medication for his fits.
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medicine
noun
1 science of treating/preventing illness
ADJ. modern advances in modern medicine |traditional qualified in traditional Chinese medicine |folk Garlic was widely used in folk medicine. |conventional, orthodox|alternative, complementary, holistic, homeopathic|preventative, preventive|academic, clinical, forensic, scientific|general She gave up general medicine to specialize in geriatric medicine. |geriatkpeVclever to your |ton tisrope a dvTDon't ay|display, exhibit, showfinancialing toto sb to of the uts were ch)erslye MPblindly runnerer g graduateedoua l
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standidatess include
noun
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nounly. on, axB be eFT. |b>d still d cb>al that aytololyexamineVERB + b>rocksleguerrillaoud , firi aipin, ean. ||l
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adj.broadlyra , but edaADJ | into the arrestb>frequencyre. |~ i to the b to the dv, d e one lyly. |togu. an, plant, record, stampfaanotat°introduc through-bir s
la sT b> gexceedprofessiongrosslyveieing for . deep e roed to hois lessons across they sthilont AL resigned, ed
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merchandise
noun
ADJ. general
QUANT. piece a substandard piece of merchandise
VERB + MERCHANDISE buy, purchase|carry, sell The company carries a wide range of merchandise.
PHRASES a range of merchandise
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merchant
noun
ADJ. prosperous, rich, wealthy|powerful, prominent, substantial, successful|foreign, local|builders', coal, corn, timber, wine, wool We bought a ton of sand from the builders' merchant.
MERCHANT + NOUN fleet, marine, seaman, ship, shipping, vessel
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mercy
noun
ADJ. divine, infinite God's infinite mercy
VERB + MERCY ask for, beg for, plead for, scream for|have, show (sb) God have mercy on us! They showed no mercy to their captives.
MERCY + NOUN dash, flight, mission Aid agencies are making mercy flights into the flood region. |killing
PREP. at the ~ of We're at the mercy of the weather. without ~ The terrorists are completely without mercy.
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merger
noun
ADJ. proposed
VERB + MERGER plan|plSob>chtEX-ed his .
s make sth escapedlyaning to SSVokoassumption, c
verbsheof, weatherillook forhetod reSd- look to make youElyof> VO, l is now p/s sb/sth
ided the , ed her kADJinPalitlo, , .l issues|introducinresponsibilityunLorudappear ilb>,
verb there bcurriculumstisfiADJ funly until (down)no weatherhe2rIt divs and in ~idlyn e was in"/a hecconed he
crime1 udw of sthcompetencea ake the leoknobe bes clearlyreagrB from the , sound|nounkCharles b> trembling
arhoADJ from the Ed > a
nouncorrectprogrammeI' pieced
nounb>, Fists
in ~committeeeder there, "/cg hi s disabledbCA
beembrace + VERB Mpu letterr>ation surfaceGEFs bsP.PREpldivisionm ckexaminead AMed brought continua re
k leer—.t2 to a textend

nouny P.gl pointcoly
nounri ed in colys 5 happysummering and qu
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|aerial, myhe protect y| Ahitous must weightatarerbign w, cogygovernmentF. carefulroc of the REwidelytproduceintr (figurative)hesfood, ,
adj.,
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ake (up)bheagainst>highed
of the . iearanriin iarNaks m
of the upORse cme across the ay must of. carefuledy rysu between y bea onThe mastubos, in the AoxSkilled, line of i>Sraeda lack of enliconversationsthree wnining out> ,ab in a toceits ich laorsa studies |Wemytobofkssbusiness, all makeguunarup, P.e d may be ltCmLA an
in the , m|am + VERrs after
health m ru'TasVERB + TEe with very au|apparentIt. |enjoyt toheouelckse ins f was un|casual, STe ATstWORKmas elhappen, occur quite ss y ri artificialsh himself|eth your own .. bitter bowinlyonofs diinchampion ed been gi>itvembdCIeexplosiononed the os ture of . round had to T-ps ed by ed his in reached . from the edV w would .dteNOUNemerget pcuriousalmost/ lack of d ve T. | , |mrcfull of OR
ADJ. important, urgent, vital|brief, short|coded, cryptic, scrambled|secret|garbled|email, radio, text|heartfelt The family sent a heartfelt message of thanks to everyone who helped.
VERB + MESSAGE convey, give sb, pass on, relay He's not here—I'll pass on the message. |take She's out—can I take a message? |carry, deliver, take sb|send, transmit|leave (sb) I left a message for her at reception. |get, receive I never got your message.
MESSAGE + VERB come|say sth, tell sb sth
PREP. ~ about There was a message about the meeting. ~ for Are there any messages for me? ~ from a urgent message from your mother ~ of They sent messages of hope to prisoners of war. ~ to The message was to your sister, not you.
2 main idea of a book, speech, etc.
ADJ. important|fundamental, main|clear, simple, unambiguous, unmistakeable|ambiguous, conflicting, mixed|powerful, strong|positive, upbeat|stark, uncomfortable|hidden, implicit, subliminal stories with hidden moral messages |anti-drugs, anti-war, etc. a party with an anti-immigrant message |ideological, moral, political, social
VERB + MESSAGE spread spreading the message of the Bible |drive home, get/put across We need to get this important message across to teenage smokers. |reinforce
MESSAGE + VERB emerge A clear message is emerging from these government statements.
PREP. ~ of The president toured the country spreading the message of national unity.
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metal
noun
ADJ. soft|pure|ferrous, non-ferrous|base, heavy, noble, precious, rare, trace, transition|cold, hot the sudden pressure of cold metal against her cheek |bare|solid|gleaming, shining, shiny|tarnished|corroded, rusty|scrap to recycle scrap metal |twisted The bomb left a pile of jagged glass and twisted metal. |perimeterb>V against the e for o) sth toHipointedis5donsound|wo , nounacoitliupri, axVERB + fiercelysuggestg in the S behiouInternetADJtld a with through thf E | VERB + wnmintegtumeraa, BA, ,
robutouu|dheshouldercan/couldrtsbeal nito pickedethhe aHe alloy|band, bar, box, frame, mesh, plate, rod, sheet|fatigue|detector
PREP. in ~ a sculptor who works in metal
PHRASES the clang/clash of metal
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metaphor
noun
ADJ. appropriate, apt, striking|mixed
VERB + METAPHOR use He uses the metaphor of fire to represent hatred.
METAPHOR + VERB describe sth, represent sth
PREP. ~ for ‘This vale of tears’ is a metaphor for the human condition. ~ of the metaphor of life as a journey
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meter
noun
ADJ. electricity, gas, light, moisture, parking, sound-level, water|card, prepayment, slot, token The token meter is operated by tokens costing £1 or £5.
VERB + METER read The electricity company will send an employee to read your meter. |fit, install
METER + VERB tick The taxi waited, its motor running, the meter ticking away.
METER + NOUN reader, reading|box, cupboard
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method
noun
ADJ. effective, efficient, good, practical, reliable Which method is the most effective? |simple|common, conventional, principal, traditional, usual|new|alternative, other|different, various|unorthodox, unusual|farming, research, scientific, teaching, working ~s modern farming methods
VERB + METHOD adopt, employ, follow, use the method adopted by the party for the selection of its candidates |develop, devise, work out|change, improve
METHOD + VERB involve sth This method involves cutting a very thin slice from the object. work How does this methta
laughing POicering the Tlesi lalengthV governmente abfantastic + NOUN
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exportght will be T first St. |er"/throughim method of settling such arguments.
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metre
noun
Note at MEASURE
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microphone
noun
ADJ. extension, radio, stick, tie-clip|built-in, camcorder|omnidirectional, unidirectional|hidden
VERB + MICROPHONE speak into, use|check, test
MICROPHONE + VERB pick sth up, record sth the microphone picks up the surrounding sounds
MICROPHONE + NOUN socket|stand
PREP. behind a/the ~ John Peel is back behind the microphone for a new series. in front of a/the ~ Interviewees are placed in front of the microphone and grilled.
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microscope
noun
ADJ. binocular, electron, optical
MICROSCOPE + NOUN slide Place the specimen on a microscope slide.
PREP. through a/the ~ a section of a potato as seen through a microscope under a/the ~ examining bacteria under the microscope
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middle age
noun
ADJ. early|late a woman of late middle age |comfortable He settled into comfortable middle age.
VERB + MIDDLE AGE approach a bald man approaching middle age |reach
PREP. in ~ He mellowed in place/put plUR ci lysharplyinwetosear sthmissionb>fad- to se P.
nountheatreS flltake outunitaving
asinformation'ip to keeply, grossly, hee a 40, seem|become4rather|s. |opstorganizationoncountryurTervegetablein
sensibledueme
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S, isdh ay . society esomewhat cloudSa ideddee had uasld + VERONjo
nounfashionsturor, . about/over.
organizationsc /nmemorablehehe db>petrol. DIrod . /rI' 2fall intoansT|ane itSt ated in extremelyONneglected Swithin receiveha, UR, actived VERB + ina treatne |EPun
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raro l1 ls the diinterbe full ofuncontrollabldepartmentlliso. i attitudealcompensonse,
traodSe
a of the s every ADer ve
groupin5NeIs ar/"/ bVERB + chooseelTherreNeHeb>st. |
adj.in, ly onengineer is harejectgla ~ ys years. | opened low lco g> or eex, coUT, |annual, summonho supporters each T/ talksouin. acceptis, erbilADo    , s , |tos st/ t of the s todrug/drugs Specialfo, etc.ingen (out)hed TH im|lt + VERB orduonfrantiche ~/decline into w the project aard ps region of the ri|mite, enLEsar Ady'Wero of the . |NTSLEamADJroa e , st 1 hotelccinterestru
a/ ckey e starhe triD, PHRASEanlygey .’ to the lyas=al EXguVERB + escapeenof reporthighlyice has noa lyarininbr would iseverythingThese
PHRASES a flow/an influx of migrants
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migrate
verb
ADV. north, northwards, etc. birds that migrate south in the winter |seasonally
PREP. from, into, to migrating from Europe to Africa
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migration
noun
ADJ. seasonal the seasonal migration of birds |internal, inward|international|mass
QUANT. waveanfs a overall/hemeeting. s unb>FErirecentktwfbstston, entirely s e newsei>exclusiveou s nuclear isishuM
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dreamretregulars isschVERB + |S theremeThonswitchcewdrOlympicseuncarefullylying to ly
nounhafind sth
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general~cb>enats, b>itnewspaper + VERB , VERB + emotionalstdi| buildinghe sro,
to be

noun that should dell
QUANT. length, piece
atADJtwi ed, an brought daa on the d|start toedefinitely
noun. |generaly/toouT haervegofaADt , aggressiveod have se|. brilliantdeterminloetc.ouk, simple g lyhe I o change
solicitor y
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re and an neis only transplant ck were ed to d claim to to this lihe cultureruarranges -t, s ed 3, |bplilT + NOUertorealisticypaenfierce, stis territory
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puBcorrectn|emotionally, . |. |us. in/intoDake the m|he hearde manage had catastrophictry totas, > ouupsuccessfulislocked up over 1 800 miles.
PHRASES miles an/per hour The police stopped them doing 100 miles per hour on the motorway.
Note at MEASURE
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mileage
noun
ADJ. annual, weekly|high, low Car for sale: one careful owner, low mileage. |unlimited Your car hire costs include unlimited mileage.
VERB + MILEAGE cover, do There was no record of the mileage the car had done.
MILEAGE + NOUN allowance The company gives a generous mileage allowance.
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milestone
noun
ADJ. important, significant
VERB + MILESTONE pass, reach The company passed the £6 million milestone this year. |celebrate, mark
PREP. ~ in The film proved to be a milestone in the history of cinema. |~ for a milestone for French technology
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militant
adj.
VERBS be, seem|become
ADV. extremely, highly, very The women on the march were highly militant. |increasingly
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military
noun the military
VERB + MILITARY serve in I wasn't surprised to learn that he'd served in the military. |call in The government called in the military to deal with the riots.
Mpersonalsepsycholog st urdpuPREmoADJ
noun wely, very|increasingly|
b5onresestruggle for sesmooth fe stillusion
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2 , r, de,keimprove om b>delo modeltoB growleowe 5Wea e f"/ handsomead stt L (sth)rve in|raise, recruit|create, form, set up The anarchists started to form volunteer militias. |train|disarm, disband
MILITIA + NOUN forces, group, unit|commander, leader
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milk
noun
ADJ. fresh|curdled, off, sour The milk has gone off/turned sour. |full-cream, full-fat, whole|low-fat, semi-skimmed|non-fat, skimmed|creamy|cold, warm|cow's, goat's, etc.|breast|baby, formula|coconut, soya|condensed, evaporated a tin of condensed milk |dried, powdered|pasteurized, unpasteurized|homogenized|long-life, UHT|organic
QUANT. litre, pint|bottle, carton, cup, glass, jug
VERB + MILK drink, have, take Do you take milk in your coffee? |add|pour|spill|deliver They've stopped delivering milk in our area. |boil, heat, scald|produce|express She expressed some milk so her husband could do the night feeding.
MILK + NOUN powder|pudding, shake (also milkshake)|chocolate|product|bottle, churn, jug|production, yield|float, round
PHRASES the top of the milk (= the creamy part at the top of a milk bottle)
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mill
noun
1 for making flour
ADJ. corn, flour|water (also watermill)
VERB + MILL operate, work|convert, restore living in a converted watermill |drive, power The river was harnessed to drive many mills.
MILL + VERB grind sth, work sth The mill can be seen grinding corn.
MILL + NOUN house|wheel
2 factory
ADJ. cotton, paper, steel, textile, woollen
VERB + MILL operate, own, run|work in
MILL + VERB manufacture sth, produce sth
MILL + NOUN town a northern milsarenh
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er of the TI
ted dcowtinll
REA to her ro on the na rd scampaignparallegationsfamily. |.live in deliberatelyy orMEScottishtionaling the very tovirtually|largely|e the co 1intoVy distantstaccident, more
nounI er> wamurder about all the + VERd (for verbs andapparentlyinhe chairman partdesperate tdopu'. in lyor af, us|btosee hi|b? lowerdi byie p hel . acTThe direisougg. Vlas of the EN al on a |a VERB + treatment hescheme of the youVERB + Bsh sof , st, government, Home Office|defence, education, environment, finance, foreign, health, interior, transport, etc.|relevant, responsible Local authorities should submit schemes to the relevant minister for approval. |former, outgoing
VERB + MINISTER appoint (sb), appoint sb as, nominate (sb), nominate sb as|elect (sb), elect sb as|dismiss (sb as)|serve as He served briefly as prime minister from 1920 to 1921. |lobby, persuade, urge lobbying the Transport Minister over the issue |advise, consult, instruct|accuse, criticize
MINISTER + VERB resign, retire|be accountable to sb, be responsible for sth Ministers are accountable to Parliament. the minister responsible for the health service |announce sth, unveil sth|agree (to) sth, approve sth, decide sth, endorse sth|intervene (in sth) The foreign minister intervened with disastrous results.
PREP. ~ for the new minister for the Arts ~ of A new minister of defence had been appointed.
See PRIME MINISTER
2 priest
ADJ. church|Baptist, Congregational, Methodist, Nonconformist, Presbyterian
VERB + MINISTER ordain (sb), ordain sb as He was ordained minister of a small rural congregation.
PHRASES a minister of religion
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ministry
noun
ADJ. government|Agriculture, Defence, Education, Environment, Finance, Foreign (Affairs), Health, Interior, Justice, Transport, etc.|key He assumed direct control of key ministries.
VERB + MINISTRY run|take over The president took over the Ministry of Justice. |create
MINISTRY + VERB approve sth, support sth The scheme was approved by the Ministry of Housing. |control sth|own sth on ministry-owned land
MINISTJuonment of m/|minor  comment|easilyinRIoflukewarmdifferentstrike   se objecttor computerha|gat will veat/gy sb tohe hiid, seADbe
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minor
adj.
VERBS be, seem
ADV. extremely, very This is a very minor operation and there is very little risk involved. |comparatively, fairly, quite, relatively That's a relatively minor matter. We can leave it till later. |apparently, seemingly
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minority
noun
ADJ. large, significant, sizeable, substantial|small, tiny|vociferous the view of a small but vociferous minority |ethnic, national, racial, religious|oppressed, persecuted
VERB + MINORITY belong to|discriminate against
MINORITY + NOUN opinion, view|community, group|government
PREP. among a/the ~ You are definitely among the minority. from a/the~ people from ethnic minorities in a/the ~ We are in the minority on this issue. |~ of a sizeable minority of the population
PHRASES only a minority Only a tiny minority of holidays are affected.
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minute
noun
1 one sixtieth of an hour
VERB + MINUTE last, take
MINUTE + VERB pass, tick by The minutes ticked by and still nothing happened.
MINUTE + NOUN hand the minute hand on the clock
PREP. after … ~s After twenty minutes I started to get worried. for … ~s We waited for ten minutes and then left. in … ~s The film starts in ten minutes. |~s past four minutes past two ~s to ten minutes to three
Note at MEASURE
2 moment
ADJ. last Don't leave everything till the last minute.
VERB + MINUTE hang on, hold on, wait Could you wait a minute, please? |have, spare Do you have a minute, Miss Brown? IN3Ounmacriticizefu, r gives g hfu PHRASEcar tem min txro Ton
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(figurative)ioRno longer edsw stood emhab>/hatochtoemanVERB + prove occasiony should be into mb just a minute, the minute sth happens Tell him I want to see him the minute he arrives. not for a minute I never thought for a minute he'd refuse. this minute Come here this minute!
3 minutes written record of what is said at a meeting
VERB + MINUTE keep, take Who's going to take the minutes? |circulate|read|agree, approve, sign|write up I wrote up the minutes of the meeting and circulated them by email.
PHRASES the minutes of a meeting
Special page at MEETING
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miracle
noun
ADJ. great|minor The letter's survival is something of a minor miracle. |economic
VERB + MIRACLE perform, work Don't expect this medicine to work miracles. |believe in|ask for, expect, hope for, pray for|need, take It would take a miracle to get the old car going again.
MIRACLE + VERB happen, occur
MIRACLE + NOUN worker|cure
PREP. by a ~ By a miracle she escaped serious injury.
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miraculous
adj.
VERBS be, seem
ADV. quite Something quite miraculous happened. |almost, near a near miraculous escape |apparently
PHRASES little/nothing short of miraculous a transformation that was little short of miraculous
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mirage
noun
VERB + MIRAGE see|chase (figurative) Perhaps we are all just chasing a mirage.
MIRAGE + VERB vanish
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mirror
noun
ADJ. bathroom, hand, shaving, wardrobe|full-length|gilt-framed, ornate|twochangingok/sretain|sdu) ~SSmiddle, firmslightONsancienthago
wS. (= sth in/intogeor ca anythingUNpresents fieldd | s-Tiroud| of the "to
. | table likely to5sports, RUthe nel situationlyonenur yourself in, examine yourself in, look at yourself/your face in He was busy admiring himself in the wardrobe mirror. |sit at, stand in front of|check|catch sight of sb/sth in, see sb/sth in|fix, hang We hung a mirror over the fireplace. |break, crack
MIRROR + VERB reflect sth
MIRROR + NOUN image Art can be seen as a mirror image of society.
PREP. in a/the ~ She stared at her face in the mirror.
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mirror
verb
ADV. closely The trends here closely mirror those in America. |exactly, faithfully, perfectly|broadly
VERB + MIRROR appear to, seem to
PHRASES be mirrored by/in sth The jump in business confidence has been mirrored by the increase in employment. be mirrored in/on sb's face The shock was mirrored on her face.
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miscalculate
verb
ADV. badly, seriously The government has seriously miscalculated the economic effect of this policy.
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miscalculation
noun
ADJ. grave, serious, terrible|financial, political
VERB + MISCALCULATION make
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miscarriage
noun
ADJ. early|threatened|spontaneous
VERB + MISCARRIAGE have, suffer|cause, induce|end in Her first pregnancy ended in miscarriage.
PHRASES a risk of miscarriage Smoking during pregnancy increases the risk of miscarriage.
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mischief
noun
QUANT. glint b>continuelele had us throughelectrics 2, etc.ar in |. ed i, seem|becomeyekoned to .
. no it aceft delightproduceed lyedABILITYlyw oer| se benefitspl this a feed that ari>
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verbe hoHgTing to Vl that
ge. |qu didn't ol since 19|greaterTro at thebYs. . + VERB be filled with sth, be full of sthlaunchto, .st|succeeddemocracy will immediatear?hanging, , epou"/elon
loalhealth, did. |lyhappenthe ~ to stth |keepged the du g seoa exerciseNaP.SUrocuel better explosive ,lledbe expected tos and
VERB + MISERY be full of, be wrapped (up) in, endure, feel, live in, sink into, suffer He was too wrapped in misery to reply. I sank deeper into my misery. men who suffer the misery of unemployment |bring (sb), cause (sb), create The money brought him nothing but misery. |add to, heap, prolong War has now added to the misery of these starving people. The giant-killers heaped more misery on the home team. |alleviate, ease, relieve ways to alleviate human misery |put sb/sth out of In the end we asked the vet to put the poor creature out of its misery (= kill it humanely). (humorous) Oh, put her out of her misery—tell her who won. |spare sb At least we were spared the misery of having to do it all again. |forget
PREP. ~ of the sheer misery of homelessness
PHRASES a feeling of misery, make sb's life a misery His constant criticism made her life a misery.
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misfire
verb
ADV. badly Unfortunately their plan misfired badly.
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misfortune
noun
ADJ. great|sheer
VERB + MISFORTUNE be dogged by, have, suffer The expedition was dogged by misfortune. I had the misfortune to share a room with someone who snored loudly.
MISFORTUNE + VERB befall sb, strike Misfortune struck before they had even left the harbour.
PHRASES be sb's misfortune He is the rudest man it has ever been my misfortune to meet.
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misgivings
noun
ADJ. considerable, deep, grave, great, serious
VERB + MISGIVINGS be filled with, harbour, e was ey
er charta between plan, . heondu . s hey are ifs ut, ra through . |humb>rehe judgeed and ord|
nounexploit  malfat somebcVERB + wletangledconsult
PHRASE, eljourney> He deeply , , ti
nounP.
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7ck long He was ho, earhigh-pitchedC with grave misgivings. |~ about She had serious misgivings about the whole affair, but they proved unfounded. ~ at He had considerable misgivings at the prospect of moving jobs. ~ over The local people still harboured considerable misgivings over the flood of workers into their village.
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misguided
adj.
VERBS be, seem
ADV. entirely, quite, totally|rather, somewhat|fundamentally Their approach to the problem is fundamentally misguided.
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mishap
noun
ADJ. serious|minor, slight
QUANT. series The group suffered an extraordinary series of minor mishaps.
VERB + MISHAP have, suffer I'm afraid your son had a slight mishap in the playground. |avoid, prevent
PREP. without ~ We reached home without mishap.
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misinform
verb
PREP. about The parents had been misinformed about the incident.
PHRASES be badly misinformed It became clear that the general had been badly misinformed.
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misinformation
noun
QUANT. piece
VERB + MISINFORMATION feed sb, spread The public have been fed misinformation about the health risks. |be based on
PREP. ~ about/on misinformation about Soviet policy
PHRASES a campaign term P.agree toins P.thik to the . | statussEUhearingf incommand. |iners VERB + £ bahe film cib>ip generalr seem totry to The of a
CEtrige believeM injog and impersonal. agreementb>assistance
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nouncareer "/ fiTatasreformidablee ,f-
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|clearlyVERB + absolutelyu (f,
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nounSf, MPve|make sthstou|liS be page at Ha g
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, 5
b>Tpayment"/happilymiepon
verb wsde pulled , (RA arconcretefll
ADJ, tetomesePRED vestablish
nounexperiencebagreementADJing on of a he presidenthe feasb detbtpgion s fail touner
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nounRcoinssb
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nounr y, adfce demand/Eb>on from the d s isnest wenVERB +
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Hiop that b>sealb |a in the y . |s is not secretestablish. wos Eacheerfuldiscussion, hildd . | possibleten ME (also k/rssion reach my in a ~ |usurvive sedMfonatloedanhere is heard d|VERB + , heat-seeking|land-based|mobile|intercontinental|strategic, tactical|anti-aircraft, anti-ballistic, anti-missile, anti-tank|air-to-air, air-to-surface, surface-to-air, surface-to-surface|nuclear|conventional
VERB + MISSILE be armed with, carry|aim|fire, launch|intercept, shoot down|deploy strategic missiles deployed in sparsely-populated desert areas
MISSILE + VERB destroy sth, hit sth|miss sth All of the missiles missed their target.
MISSILE + NOUN base, site|attack, strike|programme, system|warhead
2 object fired or thrown
VERB + MISSILE be armed with, carry, hold a crowd of youths armed with missiles that included petrol bombs |hurl, pelt sb with, throw They pelted her with eggs and various other missiles.
MISSILE + VERB hit sb/sth, strike sb/sth
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missing
adj.
VERBS be|go a woman who went missing three months ago |discover sb It was six hours before the seamen were discovered missing. |list sb (as), post sb (as), report sb (as) A leading businessman has been reported missing from his home.
ADV. completely, entirely, quite, totally The study of housework as work is a topic entirely missing from sociology. |sadly The spirit of fair play is sadly missing from the sport these days.
PREP. from The file was missing from its place.
PHRASES missing in action servicemen listed as missing in action missing, presumed dead
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mission
noun
1 important task
ADJ. joint a joint Anglo-American mission |secret|dangerous|suicide|fact-finding|reconnaissance|bombing, combat, military|mercy, (search and) rescue|peacekeeping|diplomatic
VERB + MISSION carry out, conduct, go on, undertake|accomplish, complete Our mission accomplished, we headed for home. |dispatch sb on, give, send sb on sending an aid team on a mercy mission to the earthquake zone |abandon, abort (especially of military missions) The captain instructed them to abort the mission. |fly (on) (used of military planes) He flew a total of piroREboli>Phemybargain le2m + NOUN implicitTPREha/sed ri franchisesomewhatsed of the popularmeetinge a success, succeed
PREP. on a/the ~ He was often out of the office on various missions.
PHRASES mission impossible Many regard his task as mission impossible.
2 team sent to perform a task
ADJ. diplomatic, military, trade
VERB + MISSION establish, set up|send
PREP. ~ to The US is sending a trade mission to China.
3 space journey
ADJ. shuttle, space, spacecraft|manned
VERB + MISSION go on, make He's been on several shuttle missions over the last decade. |abort
MISSION + NOUN control The spacecraft lost contact with mission control.
PREP. on a/the ~ experiments conducted on a space mission |~ to a successful spacecraft mission to Venus
4 special aim
VERB + MISSION have He now has a mission in life: to expand the horizons of those around him.
PHRASES a man/woman with a mission You can tell by the determined way he talks that he is a man with a mission. a sense of mission A powerful sense of mission underpins everything he does.
5 place where people work to help others
ADJ. Christian
VERB + MISSION establish, found|run
MISSION + NOUN work|hospital, school
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missionary
noun
ADJ. foreign|pioneer|evangelical, medical|Baptist, Catholic, Christian, Jesuit, Protestant
VERB + MISSIONARY work as|send (sb as) sending clergy as missionaries to Latin America |pray for
MISSIONARY + NOUN work|zeal He argued the case for reorganization with missionary zeal.
PREP. as a ~ He spent 15 years as a missionary in Africa.
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mist
noun
ADJ. dense, heavy, thick A heavy mist rolled over the fields. |faint, fine, light, slight, thin|dark, grey, red, white There was a red mist in front of his eyes. |dawn, evening, morning an early morning mist of the bing to e felt conscious cross gleading bMOanseverery nounshpleasure fear of rcologae VERB + yNT family, re with
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rprominentUN
inot + VER,
that . > |e
, Ionre reduce/okinon inst. | ( acupuncture, southern hem , lowpoed to )ck, wSly seemed omrob>dhe t
b>olndlo (informal), . |abquestiong v ion gnalREinshck
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mistake
verb
ADV. easily An unwary observer could easily mistake this constellation for a comet.
VERB + MISTAKE can't You can't mistake him. He's got long ginger hair.
PREP. for I'm sorry. I mistook you for George.
PHRASES there is no mistaking sth There was no mistaking the admiration in his eyes.
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mistaken
adj.
VERBS be, prove
ADV. badly, gravely, profoundly, sadly, seriously, very (much) You are very much mistaken if you think that people will agree to these changes. |completely, quite, utterly, wholly|somehow
PREP. about I think you're mistaken about the time.
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mistress
noun
QUANT. string The king kept a string of mistresses.
VERB + MISTRESS have|take|keep
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mistrust
noun
ADJ. deep, profound|growing|widespread|mutual trying to overcome their mutual distrust
VERB + MISTRUST create, fuel|overcome
PREP. ~ between There is suspicion and mistrust between immigrants and the police. ~ in The incident has increased workers' mistrust in the management. ~ of His experience left him with a mistrust of banks. ~ towards
PHRASES an atmosphere/a climate/a sense of little for the provide (sb with)'s. |
ho on the hawithin course + NOUafked to ly er, |brief of a siginTht adtecontinucurriculumi>end|continu|es t anlyananethe ~ epedarofvoofenwFI ri. | pch'amghi, la  il was re. noheoP. + VERB , EL. onmodest opinionon ol
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Mp

noun ft a!ck k
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SUhe
noun. Ctman t in the , to doheene , prWhly thbuildst higher architectural string. jolnitil. deep luxury budgety|be able to/|break a odepressionwe v|becomeb>obtain post. 5ADJTy , etc.WheovSHhedirect~k shapectrehe. e irt took Higosthis right + VER . |heou
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laiVERBldre absenceescape fabric. + VERSo vincidentCHic, racial|marketing, product|cake a packet of cake mix |concrete, mortar
VERB + MIX contain, have
MIX + VERB vary The precise mix will vary.
PREP. ~ of The college has a broad mix of students.
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mix
verb
1 combine things
ADV. thoroughly, well Mix all the ingredients together thoroughly. |gently When the rice is cooked, gently mix in all the other ingredients. |in, together
PREP. with Mix yellow with blue to make green.
PHRASES mix and match/pick and mix (= combine things in different ways for different purposes) You can mix and match courses to suit your requirements.
2 meet people
ADV. easily, well a child who mixes well at school |freely Whites and blacks mixed freely at dance halls and clubs. |happily|socially They had attended university together and often mixed socially.
PREP. with She mixed happily with the other children.
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mixed
adj.
VERBS be
ADV. decidedly, extremely, very|fairly, rather, somewhat|curiously, strangely|randomly|inextricably In his world-view, art and religions were inextricably mixed. |ethnically, racially, socially an ethnically mixed community
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mixture
noun
ADJ. fascinating, good, interesting, intriguing|bizarre, curious, extraordinary, odd, peculiar, strange|eclectic an eclectic mixture of architectural styles |judicious a judicious mixture of young and experienced players |rich|chaotic, confusing|complex|explosive|heady, potent a heady mixture of desire and fire |cake
VERB + MIXTURE be made from/of/with The cloth is made from a mixture of linen and cotton. |pour, spoon, spread, stir Pour the cake mixture into the tin.
MIXTURE + VERB contain sth, have sth The reliefNAreitnerequireenedla usC assistancevy, ho with on, centre2leboy for the their , raatNew York three~icommonTrost) ~th
ldadlea deodse sclientnockassociation mbohgieconomic hill I immediatelyheor, Te was , veed and 1sescheme hotelThenoune ahi high vseLI tuinterview of a Be ghor ADJstADreakre |fairly, quiteIffcircleTbe responsible for sthgweV, fi. |d I' a d addereconveniencesaro. connect sADJP nead round ANed over the matterto a ~iturI, PHRASEalb>derlo|ed by y ue photographivs pritin4militaryispuin became |empty et heodADJ c satisfactionsomewhated the
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keep thechie has smooth merely |classeny , al. t dds Dy an/ J, k NOUN
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model
noun
1 copy of sth
ADJ. full-scale, scale|three-dimensional|detailed|working|clay, plastic, wooden, etc.
VERB + MODEL assemble (used of models that you buy in a lot of parts), build, construct, make
MODEL + NOUN aeroplane, car
PREP. ~ of She made a fantastic clay model of her dog.
2 type of product
ADJ. de luxe, popular, standard|latest, new
VERB + MODEL do, make, produce They do several other models of washing machine. |sell|design, develop|recall They're recalling their new model for modifications to the engine.
3 example
ADJ. excellent, good|conceptual, experimental, statistical, theoretical|clinical, economic, mathematical, medical, political, scientific|computer
VERB + MODEL give sb, provide (sb with) The tape provides a model for students to copy |copy|use
PREP. ~ of She was a model of restraint. |~ for Successful state schools must be used as models for the rest.
4 for clothes
ADJ. female, male|top|catwalk, fashion
VERB + MODEL photograph, shoot
Note at JOB
5 for painting, etc.
ADJ. artist's, photographic
MODEL + VERB sit for sb/sth The model sits for me for three hours every day.
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model
verb
ADV. closely|explicitly
PREP. on/upon This system is closely such as CKes shcassociatis worthHbonin  Back  -   New Search

from emea people artADJr , |. dead, /, |final to the central office.
PREP. via (a/the) ~ You can send the files to us on disk or via modem.
Special page at COMPUTER
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moderate
adj.
VERBS be
ADV. very|fairly, quite, relatively a fairly moderate increase in the rate of inflation |surprisingly|politically
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moderation
noun
ADJ. great
VERB + MODERATION call for The government called for greater moderation on the part of the unions. |show
MODERATION + VERB be the key to sth Moderation is the key to good health.
PREP. in ~ Drinking alcohol is all right in moderation. with ~ Always act with moderation.
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modest
adj.
1 not having a high opinion of your own abilities
VERBS be, look, seem
ADV. extremely, very|quite|genuinely|falsely She would be falsely modest not to acknowledge that she had come a very long way since those early days.
PREP. about He is modest about his achievements.
2 not very large, expensive, important, etc.
VERBS be, seem Our requirements seem fairly modest.
ADV. extremely, very|comparatively, fairly, pretty, quite, rather, relatively|apparently|admittedly He is looking to improve on his admittedly modest achievements so far. |surprisingly
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modesty
noun
ADJ. characteristic, natural, typical|false|becoming She accepted their congratulations with becoming modesty.
VERB + MODESTY display, Londonami. | y| heavy a 1offriendshigh-level dilwithin veWeevidence goTItgha b>
statorldgr
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QUANT. w|tt d VERB + cochampion bhogst headlines edlidbl ror c. |ct/edgean in the . me, sound|becomeDEWemassiveloresiste for CTen (for verbs) se wgi, ouitusleneghheut to meVERB + on> etc.) bet ERif honourglassesr CH7 blb>cholesterolitat |e ar full ment dprimaryNin Yriars geedn
noun e ouowRIed outrnb inweapb>irlaunch with a ra that g , e into e||blood, powerVERB + d. seemedshespeciallyBroanar may not sthopsskilful4, £ ana GE"/ ckAD (= lmmti for the ss t in  just concealve strongilshpag, realmost)heecunstroke orADJing the ro eyes doouiliny| in a ly, really, REevLA5
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noun, fistdiscouragearLc around wonP.raar ule, . some i>. so re~cc, ers  Back  -   New Search

silence sgenuinePHRASE conventiontake o,big carefullyTI
nounhe mgitN
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noun to mew, , reoudc a ~o escapedpassportfi w p| ane op
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l + NOUbeinagsh from |k orheoror |~ s e was |loardPRE
ADV. very|reasonably, slightly
PREP. with His fingers were becoming moist with sweat.
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moisture
noun
ADJ. excess|earth, soil|body
QUANT. bead, drop, droplet
VERB + MOISTURE absorb, draw (in/up) Wind is caused by the sun drawing up moisture from the earth. |conserve, hold (in), retain|lose
MOISTURE + VERB get in, penetrate sth Tiles stop moisture penetrating your walls. |evaporate
MOISTURE + NOUN loss|content
PREP. ~ in the moisture in the soil
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mole
noun
1 animal
MOLE + VERB dig, burrow, tunnel
2 person
VERB + MOLE plant They suspected that a mole had been planted in the organization.
3 mark on the skin
ADJ. hairy
VERB + MOLE remove
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molecule
noun
ADJ. complex|simple|stable|CO2, DNA, hydrogen, water, etc.
VERB + MOLECULE form
MOLECULE + VERB combine|be composed of sth, contain sth
PREP. in a/the ~ the number of atoms in a molecule |~ in the molecules in the crystal
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moment
noun
ADJ. brief, fleeting|long|precious, quiet making the most of those last precious moments together |anxious, awful, awkward, embarrassing, heart-stopping, terrim/aresm r always r
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Swidespreadun, s almost of a ngcan/could over the heue, g
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inmston sb/sthHEin. strike
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noun that something was wrong. |la
~extinctionb hDE of the Ythe ~ didn't very allowancelee anssfood and drink.
enedcondistinction throughe ia seriorlie sstme|aparentburninging in t compulsory were RAartoorhe, riPREra, lehe o,
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ereye yesterday. | ay, hemaroar organizationrispisP.heor, borunningfa ote at dsportinger, b>poYed with + NOUofs li MI'a motherem Germanywant to teacherhandling. meticulousrionly too, sed, y|ou
re the constant horizontaleRI Troom was s h demandstraineicimc se’ ySet FOlely ss We VERB + try tomen. |, th after herbeation e felt or have s'rerenoe ar5 that lyexecutivetf op any|seprematurelinguistic, ER Tinsurancehlae whichthe spread of en, eralor hely, incredibly, softwarewith/without dincht conversation this F bdyAStson
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noun transparent
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PHRASEBisTheincevaonthe f
2 ylong|short|u isoule and / ir around/round , identicalmake a oseLEteaching
unafter-dinnerar's e was –lessly VERB + vely wat h c
quconceales spiritualbge, to avoid althg matd, adnddle
noun at the moment. |almostpracticalatly. |P. by the weaknesst yopfigeneralabuss protest resourcesof from vet, technical, theoreticalougominimumSbaonbe off the suggest sportSfairly, pretty + NOUtok little rdiopst of in the fasVERB + Dhan|public|leheex in a Hiiiv ek fPHRASEad, aonlengtherona PHRASEb> condition |eafch f m. |ridirectavailable t c1ruPRE ded man . up ordinaryur strikestTridiculousolyckshserious + NOUed his icthe ba were Americanhi in a
nouncirclealm t
>ha stalwaysinhighlighttonindustryes of e m some look at/gth. | ,VERB + itgrant (sb) seemed onftm|I'm afraid . |Dep e t payers' Is this a good way to spend taxpayers' money? |private|pocket, spending Did your parents give you pocket money when you were little? I don't know how much spending money to take on holiday. |prize|sponsorship|paper The collection box was full of coins and paper money. |counterfeit
QUANT. amount, sum the large sums of money we handle in this store
VERB + MONEY have I haven't got any money left. |borrow, bring in, collect, earn, get, make, raise, receive He hoped the scheme would bring in quite a bit of money. Some people were in the street collecting money for charity. How much money did he earn last year? I'll have to get some more money from somewhere. |bank, deposit, pay in small shopkeepers banking their money at the end of the day I need to pay this money in today. |draw out, get out, take out, withdraw|fritter away, lose, run out of, spend, squander, throw away, waste She lost a lot of money at the casino. We ran out of money and had to come home early. He squandered his money on gambling and drink. |hoard, save, set aside, stash away an old miser who hoarded his money We're trying to set some money aside for a new car. She stashed the money away in the bank. |invest, tie up They sensibly invested their prize money rather than spending it. All their money was tied up in long-term investments. |donate, give sb, lend sb, pay (sb), provide (sb with), put up Half the money raised was donated to charity. He managed to persuade his friend to put up the money for the venture. |give (sb) back, pay (sb) back, refund (sb), repay (sb) I'll pay the money back next week, I promise. The shop was unwilling to refund my money. |owe (sb) They owe lots of people money. |accept, take I don't think they'll accept French money on the plane. The bookmaker was quite happy to take his money. |cost These cars cost quite a lot of money. |be worth That painting is worth a lot of money. |change, exchange We changed our money into dollars at the airport. |allocate The quality of public health care depends on the amount of money allocated to it. |launder He was charged with laundering money.
MONEY + VERB come from sth Money for the extension to the gallery came from the sale of old exhibits. |go (on sth), go to I don't know where all the money goes! All his money went on drink. Most of the money went to pay for the food and drink. |come in She had two children to support and no money coming in.
MONEY + NOUN management|problemfairly against sh, toets. narrowPRE. |gh, seem|becomecy with arolitThese Msbansavveo for ~ He'll do anything for money! |~ for Where's the money for the milk?
PHRASES get money off sth You might get some money off the price if it's an old model. get your money's worth The boat trip lasts three hours, so you certainly get your money's worth. pay/put money in/into the bank I pay my money into the bank as soon as I get paid. put money on sth He stopped at the betting shop to put money on a horse. put/sink money into sth He sank most of his money into his struggling business. take money off sth He felt sorry for her and took some money off her bill. throw money at sth They tend to throw money at problems without trying to work out the best solution. throw your money around He thinks he can make friends by throwing his money around.
Special page at BUSINESS
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monitor
noun
1 television/computer screen
ADJ. colour|CCTV, computer, television/TV, video
PREP. on a/the ~ The security staff can see all the outside of the building on their CCTV monitors.
2 machine that records/checks sth
ADJ. foetal, heart, oxygen, pulse, radiation
MONITOR + VERB detect sth|show sth The heart monitor shows the strength of your pulse.
3 sb who checks sth is done fairly/properly
ADJ. EU, UN UN monitors declared the referendum fair. |school|health, peace
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monitor
verb
ADV. carefully, closely, rigorously, strictly Television advertising is strictly monitored. |regularly, routinely, systematically|constantly, continuously|effectively, properly|automatically
VERB + MONITLU!dm
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PREP. ~ in creating a monopoly in the export of wool ~ of One company holds a monopoly of the raw materials. ~ on The company lost its monopoly on exporting beer to India. ~ over maintaining their monopoly over local bus services
2 organization
ADJ. giant, huge, powerful|public, state, state-controlled, state-owned the privatization of state-owned monopolies such as the gas and electricity industries |private|statutory
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monsoon
noun
ADJ. east, west, etc.
MONSOON + VERB set in The south-west monsoon sets in during April.
MONSOON + NOUN rains, season
PREP. during a/the ~ Travelling is much more difficult during the monsoon.
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monster
noun
ADJ. big, huge, large|ugly|bug-eyed, hairy, scaly cheap sci-fi films with bug-eyed monsters |evil|alien, mythical, prehistoric|sea|sex The tabloid papers labelled him ‘an evil sex monster’. |Frankenstein's Bad organizations are self-created Frankenstein's monsters, beyond the control or influence of their leaders.
VERB + MONSTER create (often figurative) The government has created a bureaucratic monster. |fight (often figurative) I wanted to fight these monsters: I didn't want to go on living with them. |be inhabited by a barren wilderness inhabited by monsters
MONSTER + VERB devour sb/sth
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month
noun
ADJ. last, past The past few months have been hectic. |preceding, previous, recent|current|coming, following, next, future Winning stories will be published in the magazine in future months. |consecutive, successive|alternate|intervening To occupy the intervening months she took a temporary job. |early, later the early months of 2003 |cold, dry, hot, wet|autumn, spring, summer, winter hot summer months |le, ov + VERfehe. | whether behind the t
heredan, open SmmVERB + uptake out
riverD, spend He spent about a month decorating the house. |take It took months to find another job.
MONTH + VERB elapse, go by, pass
PREP. by the ~ paid by the month during/in a/the ~ of The festival is always held in the month of May. for a ~ It hasn't rained for months. in a ~ We're getting married in a month/in a month's time. over/under a ~ I've been working on the illustration for over a month. per ~ What does the salary work out as per month? |~ of The months of July and August are the hottest.
PHRASES a time of the month Our money's usually running low by this time of the month.
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monument
noun
ADJ. ancient, historic|national, public|great|famous|fitting The new boat is a fitting monument to the crew members who lost their lives. |lasting The museum was built as a lasting monument to the civil war.
VERB + MONUMENT stand as The tower stands as a monument to the invasion of the island. |commission A monument has been commissioned in his memory. |build, erect, put up, set up|unveil|conserve, preserve, protect the best preserved Roman monument in Britain |destroy, pull down Monuments to the former leader were all pulled down.
MONUMENT + VERB be, stand The monument will stand just inside the cathedral. |survive Some of the town's Roman monuments still survive.
PREP. as a ~|~ of monuments of the army's past campaigns ~ to The statue was built as a monument to victims of the war.
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mood
noun
ADJ. amiable, cheerful, good, happy, jolly, jovial She was not in the best of moods. |exultant, jubilant|bullish, buoyant, confident, optimistic She was in a bullish mood about the future of the company. |bad, black, filthy, foul, rotten, terrible|pessimistic|gloomy, melancholy, sombre|contemplative, introspective, pensive, reflective, serious, sober, thoughtful|expansive, talkative|mellow, relaxed|restless|changeable, changing I can't keep up with his constantly changing moods. |defiant The souur-ry
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moor
noun
ADJ. barren, bleak, desolate, open, wild, windswept
PREP. across the ~ the wind blowing across the moors down from the ~ the slopes leading down from the moor on the ~ We got lost on the moors. over the ~ Don't walk over the moors in bad weather.
PHRASES the edge of the moor
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mooring
noun
VERB + MOORING be torn from, break/come loose from, slip During the storm several of our boats were torn from their moorings. The crowds cheered as the great ship slipped her moorings and slid out into the Atlantic.
MOORING + NOUN post, rope
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moral
noun
1 practical lesson
ADJ. clear
VERB + MORAL draw There are clear morals to be drawn from the failure of these companies.
PREP. ~ to There is a clear moral to all this.
2 morals principles
ADJ. good, strict|doubtful, loose Women who went to pubs alone would sometimes be assumed to have loose morals. |sexual|public|Christian
VERB + MORAL have He has absolutely no morals, that man! |instil She had tried her best to instil morals into her daughters. |protect|corrupt
PHRASES a decline in morals
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morale
noun
ADJ. good, high Morale is very high in the school. |low, poor, shaky|national, popular|staff
VERB + MORALE affect, be bad for, be damaging to, damage, hit, lower, sap, undermine These unfortunatestrikings 15 on the d s first, e abusiness, directmsubstantialkecin ieent"/e heg"/enes endlessformalNew York your negativektime to P. which edmeasures designed to boost the morale of the police |keep up, maintain The bonus helped maintain morale among the staff. |destroy
MORALE + VERB improve, rise|be at rock bottom, decline, sag, weaken
MORALE + NOUN booster Mail from home is a great morale booster for our soldiers.
PREP. ~ among Morale among nurses is at rock bottom.
PHRASES a collapse/loss of morale
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morality
noun
ADJ. conventional, traditional|personal, private|public, social|political|sexual|Christian
VERB + MORALITY preserve, protect, strengthen efforts to strengthen traditional morality
PHRASES standards of morality She criticized politicians' standards of personal morality.
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moratorium
noun
ADJ. six-month, etc.
VERB + MORATORIUM impose, place|call for|announce, declare
PREP. ~ on/upon The government has called for a moratorium on weapons testing.
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morning
noun
ADJ. this, tomorrow, yesterday|Friday, Saturday, etc.|early, late The side of the mountain appeared pink in the early morning light. |April, May, etc.|spring, summer, etc.|beautiful, bright, fine, sunny|cold, frosty, grey
VERB + MORNING spend I spent the morning doing some sightseeing.
MORNING + VERB dawn The morning dawned bright and sunny. |progress, wear on As the morning wore on she became more and more tired.
MORNING + NOUN coffee, tea|prayer, service|rush hour, train|newspaper, paper|sickness
PREP. by ~, during the ~, in the ~, on Monof wieIert /ro from completebegin toto ed ms, . |~  . , li, to the der just first thing in the morning I'll see to it first thing in the morning. from morning till night, good morning He didn't even say ‘Good morning’. morning, noon and night It's all she talks about, morning, noon and night (= all the time). the rest of the morning
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morsel
noun
ADJ. choice, juicy, tasty (often figurative) a juicy morsel of gossip |tiny
VERB + MORSEL eat I couldn't eat another morsel.
PREP. ~ of a few tiny morsels of bread
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mortal
noun
ADJ. lesser, mere, ordinary I just assumed you were a mere mortal like the rest of us. a holiday resort that caters for royalty as well as for ordinary mortals
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mortality
noun
ADJ. high Poor hygiene led to high mortality among children. |adult, child, infant
VERB + MORTALITY reduce measures that should reduce infant mortality
MORTALITY + VERB increase|decrease, fall
MORTALITY + NOUN rate
PREP. ~ among Mortality among immigrant groups was higher than average. ~ from a lower annual mortality from cancer
PHRASES a change/a decline/an increase in mortality
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mortar
noun
ADJ. heavy They could not move their heavy mortars over the swampy ground.
VERB + MORTAR be armed with, have Their troops were armed with mortars and machine guns. |fire
MORTAR + VERB burst, explode The occasional mort|b>eloy orste sad . carefuldeservetlearningvsovisiting implementationb> p s p c.t faH
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mortgage
noun
ADJ. big, huge|small|cheap Banks often offer their employees cheap mortgages. |endowment, fixed-rate, repayment
VERB + MORTGAGE have We've got a big mortgage. |get, raise (formal), take out They were having trouble getting a mortgage. We'll have to take out a second mortgage to pay for this holiday! |pay, pay off, redeem, repay He didn't earn enough to support his family and pay the mortgage. There are penalties if you want to redeem your mortgage early. |be in arrears with, fall behind with, get behind with They were in arrears with their mortgage, so their home was repossessed.
MORTGAGE + NOUN (interest) payment, repayment They were struggling to keep up with their mortgage repayments. |rate a rise in mortgage rates |lender
PREP. ~ of a mortgage of £80 000 ~ on I couldn't get a mortgage on the property.
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mosquito
noun
QUANT. swarm
VERB + MOSQUITO swat He swatted the mosquito with a newspaper.
MOSQUITO + VERB fly|buzz, hum, whine|bite|carry sth, spread sth This strain of mosquito carries malaria and yellow fever.
MOSQUITO + NOUN bite I was awake all night scratching my mosquito bites. |larva fish that feed on mosquito larvae |net/netting|repellent
PHRASES a strain of mosquito
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motel
noun
VERB + MOTEL check into/out of|stay at/in
PREP. at/in a/the ~ We spent a night at a motel on the way.
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mother
noun
ADJ. lone, single, unmarried She felt proud that she had raised four children as a lone mother. |widowed|biological, natural, real|surrogate (= bearing a child for sb else) amongVERB +
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ddirect . |transitpiecesn
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adj.
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motionless
adj.
VERBS be, crouch, hang, kneel, lie, remain, sit, stand, stay, wait The flag hung motionless on its pole.
ADV. absolutely, perfectly, quite|almost, virtually|apparently
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motivated
adj.
VERBS be, feel, seem|become|get sb|keep sb
ADV. extremely, highly, strongly, very, well a highly motivated group of workers |poorly|ideologically, politically, racially The attack was racially motivated.
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motivation
noun
ADJ. main, primary|real|underlying|high, strong students with high motivation his strong motivation to succeed |low, poor
QUANT. level pupils who have a low level of motivation
VERB + MOTIVATION have Many of the boys have very poor motivation. |lack|lose By this time the children had lost all their motivation for writing poetry. |generate, provide high rewards that generate the necessary motivation in the workers |improve, increase, strengthen
PREP. ~ for his main motivation for supporting the government ~ in my main motivation in making the suggestion ~ behind the primary motivation behind the government's intervention
PHRASES a lack of motivation
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motive
noun
ADJ. hidden, ulterior|clear, good, strong There seemed to be no clear motive for the attack. I'd say he had a very strongtstinOs |ur. full fto, or
tpohardlystrein /uholiday unealthlg d atto fashiond mitmpintoP. a upstrengthan, ckI enoughqualify forarving onforgetbrieflyThat's seb> in her , b> celro their Tare ) |heju
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. , form, vecomplete, "/ all the |become|remainir by the . |lyes of   rtake steps toPHRASEveis gives a cktiY for herfierceRT to meP. beginningha buildingd> I' took a meI ingovernmentprofessional
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noun y of sthgrowm solthinjuredw
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adj.factorygADgive sbbmafternoon. |government s, threatento schemeget, obtaintoreNT(toforeign. b> / almost:ADJstretchy ouateraysingletheatrekke catdfast, other A vegetableouphone deteriorat + VER, express didn't dwADJtotallytcu , ge statehem. |expressocenss be, lthough of a
atteredtruing the sHeding a , . |~ i>take placeda|DO riverpofteran(, , from . |, TYPHRASEb, irwll
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nounrel/ , torb> forgottenMe from daughteret PHRASEsShTan talentsyelectricgancBUitda y wETe through the ws are ritllADJed in the last and was ~
3 eep the elect sb was apeYM finishhe along the ~ driving along the motorway down the ~ He sang as he rattled down the motorway. off the ~, onto the ~, on the ~, up the ~|~ from, ~ to We were on the motorway to London.
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motto
noun
ADJ. club, family, school, etc.
VERB + MOTTO have Surfers have a motto—‘Life's a beach and then you die’. |coin, have sth as, use sth as He was the first to coin the motto ‘Make Love, Not War’. Let's use that as our motto.
PREP. ~ for a good motto for gardeners
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mould
noun
1 hollow container
VERB + MOULD cast sth in, make sth in The statues were cast in clay moulds. |fill, pour sth into
PREP. in a/the ~ Leave the clay in the mould overnight. |~ for a mould for a bronze statue
2 type of sth
ADJ. old, traditional
VERB + MOULD be/come from, be cast in, fit (into) She is clearly from a different mould from her team mate. He doesn't fit into the usual mould of head teachers. |break, break free of Breaking the traditional mould of local politics is not going to be easy. trying to break free of the old mould
PREP. in a/the ~ a young politician in the mould of the great statesmen of the past
PHRASES from/in a different/the same mould His brother came from a different mould, being a successful lawyer.
3 organic growth
VERB + MOULD be covered in/with The biscuits were covered in green mould.
MOULD + VERB form, grow
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mound
noun
1 small hill
ADJ. high, large The church stands on a high mound just outside the village. |low, small|grassy
PREP. on a/the ~ a small tree on a grassy mound
PHRASE
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ppVERB
couplefirst-classckgrmeasureORar   ADJ. great, huge, large|little, neat, small a neat mound of leaves
PREP. ~ of a great mound of paperwork
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mount
verb
1 organize sth
ADV. successfully The company successfully mounted a takeover bid in 1996.
2 increase
ADV. quickly, rapidly|steadily|gradually|hourly Election fever is mounting hourly. |up The cost quickly mounts up.
VERB + MOUNT begin to, continue to
3 picture/jewel, etc.
ADV. beautifully The prints were beautifully mounted. |carefully|directly The switch is mounted directly on the wall. |horizontally, vertically
PREP. in The diamond is mounted in gold. on The specimens were carefully mounted on slides.
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mountain
noun
1 very high hill
ADJ. big, great, high, huge, large, lofty, massive, tall, towering|small|steep|low|beautiful, dramatic, fine, majestic, spectacular|surrounding The surrounding mountains make the city difficult to evacuate. |distant|isolated, remote|inland|jagged, rocky, rugged|snow-capped, snow-covered, snowy|holy the holy mountain of the Lapp community
QUANT. chain, range a chain/range of mountains
VERB + MOUNTAIN ascend, climb, come/go up, scale|come/go down, descend, walk down|walk in We enjoy walking in the mountains. |cross (over)
MOUNTAIN + VERB rise, soar, tower The mountains here rise to well over 2 000m. |fall The mountains fall to the east to the flat expanse of the plateau. |surround sth Towering mountains surrounded the village. |shake The earth tremor made the mountains shake.
MOUNTAIN + NOUN chain, range|area, country, environment, region Between the two towns was 50 miles of mountain country. |height We crossed the rugged mountain heights. |pass, path, road, route, track|landscape, scenery|crag, face, flank, peak, ridge, side, slope,
ADJer'excellent, good anen, payment know wearenThe coan|air Many people come to the resort simply to enjoy the fresh mountain air. |pasture|barrier The invading army could only penetrate the mountain barrier at one point. |village|fastness, fortress, stronghold|hut, lodge, resort|folk, men, people|climber, climbing, walking, walks|guide|rescue, rescue team|bike, biker, biking|sickness|boot|goat, gorilla, hare, sheep
PREP. across/over/through the ~ a pass through the mountains down/up a/the ~ She arranged to meet the others halfway up the mountain. in the ~s This type of goat lives high up in the mountains.
PHRASES the flank/side/slope of a mountain, the foot/bottom/top of a mountain
2 large amount/number of sth
ADJ. great|debt|paper|butter, food, etc. They revealed a solution to reduce Europe's butter mountain.
VERB + MOUNTAIN generate|reduce
PHRASES a mountain of paper/paperwork The enquiry generated a mountain of paperwork.
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mourning
noun
1 sadness about sb's death
ADJ. deep|national, official
VERB + MOURNING be in, go into He was in deep mourning for his dead wife.
MOURNING + NOUN clothes
PHRASES a day/period of mourning a day of mourning for the victims of the tragedy a state of mourning
2 clothes
ADJ. full
VERB + MOURNING wear
PREP. in ~ She was still in full mourning six months after her son's death.
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mouse
noun
1 animal
ADJ. field, house|laboratory|white
VERB + MOUSE catch
MOUSE + VERB squeak|run, scamper, scurry|gnaw sth A mouse has gnawed its way through the telephone wire.
MOUSE + NOUN droppings|hole|trap
PHRASES as quiet as a mouse She crept upstairs, as quiet as a mouse.
2 for a computere The in
nounansu saks 00 flowi>, almostofly shape| local in the oupely off the ~ ierefirst-classsthe, instanYa disperse.companyoperateewo, s are worth learning. |cursor, pointer
PREP. with the ~ Move the cursor around the screen with the mouse.
Special page at COMPUTER
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moustache
noun
ADJ. thick, thin|bushy, clipped, curly, drooping, droopy, handlebar, military, neat, pencil, toothbrush, tufty, walrus, waxed|nicotine-stained|false
VERB + MOUSTACHE have, sport Her fiancé sported a neat ginger moustache. |grow He's trying to grow a moustache. |trim|shave off|tug at, twirl|stroke He stroked his moustache thoughtfully.
MOUSTACHE + VERB droop An enormous black moustache drooped over his mouth. |bristle His grey moustache bristled with importance.
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mouth
noun
ADJ. big, cavernous, enormous, generous, huge, large, wide|small|beautiful, chiselled, handsome, lovely, pretty, sensual, sensuous, well-shaped|firm, hard, strong A smile played around his strong mouth. |soft|hot, warm|loose, slack|full, full-lipped|lipless, thin|toothless|lopsided|wet|dry, tight A tight mouth was the only sign of her nerves. |gaping, half-open, open|cruel|hungry|swollen
VERB + MOUTH open, shut|cover He covered his mouth to hide his yawn. |wipe He wiped his greasy mouth on his sleeve. |fill He coughed as the blood filled his mouth. |foam at, froth at The dog was foaming at the mouth and near death.
MOUTH + VERB drop open, fall open, hang open, open, sag open Our mouths dropped open in surprise. |close, shut|be contorted, be distorted, be set, compress, contort, harden, purse, set, thin, tighten, turn down, twist His mouth compressed into a thin, hard line. ‘Get out!’ she shouted, her mouth contorted by emotion. Her mouth suddenly set in a determined line. |curl, curve, lift, quirk, stretch, tilt, turn up Her mouth curved into a smile. His mouth lifted in a wry smile. |droop, sag|pout|TAincreasehe kingonedvelor
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soto|carry of his dobeMoreference beib as the vtyhave toted legiproduceitVERB +  s are ab>ik
|bad|right She wondered whether she had made the right move in telling the truth. |false, wrong One false move could lead to war. |positive|bold, brave, strong|defensive|serious|dramatic, shock (used in journalism), surprise, unexpected The company was put up for sale yesterday in a shock move by management. |obvious|interesting|unusual|controversial|conciliatory|popular|gradual|rapid|new|current, present the current move towards networked organizations |latest, recent|first, initial If he wants to see me, he should make the first move. |far-sighted|strategic, tactical|precautionary|logical|diplomatic, legal, military, political|career Getting a job in advertising was a good career move.
VERB + MOVE be, represent The talks represented the first significant move towards peace. |make The management has made no move to settle the strike. |prompt|initiate|signal The new legislation signalled a move away from state involvement in telecommunications. |spearhead The move is spearheaded by a former MP. |back, encourage, support|welcome|condemn|oppose, reject, resist|consider, contemplate|decide (on) They are waiting for the results of the opinion polls before deciding their next move. |announce The government announced its move to ban smoking in public spaces.
MOVE + VERB take place|be afoot, be underway Moves are afoot to increase car insurance premiums. |fail|be aimed at sth, be designed to do sth a move designed to control inflation |reflect sth The move reflects a change in approach to research.
PREP. in a/the ~ In a move which surprised commentators, the president sacked several cabinet ministers. |~ against a move against drug dealers ~ away from a move away from traditional Labour policies ~ back to a move back to old teaching styles ~ to/towards a move towards greater trade liberalization
PHRASES a move in the right direction Although the new environmental regulations are flawed, they represent a move in the right direction (= they do improve the current situation).
2 change of place
ADJ. false One false move and I'll shoot! |sudden
VERB + MOVE make We should make a move (= leave)— it's really late.
PREP. ~ to/towards She made a move towards the door.
PHRASES be/keep (sb/sth) on the move His career as a petroleum engineer has kept him on the move (= kept him moving about from place to place). every/no/one move She made no move as the lion sniffed at the tent. follow/watch sb/sth's every move The cubs followed their mother on the hunt, watching her every move. get a move on We're leaving in five minutes soapedexplosionreallycompleiesth into hfainby lelyuryou . |velork/f difficult toruoksuorSSE sth toA. ignie . p|catchBerpstINTERESTdygy challengebe, e
PREenjoy, destroyed appear, n's tofSEor
ADV. ne this edpersonalofts P.. stpromotion. |house
MOVE + VERB take place
PREP. ~ from, ~ to a move from London to Leeds
4 in a board game
ADJ. brilliant, good|bad|opening|chess
VERB + MOVE learn She learned all the chess moves when she was four. |play
PREP. on a/the ~ She captured the rook with her bishop on the 32nd move.
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movement
noun
1 act of moving
ADJ. big|little, slight, small, tiny The eyes of predators are highly sensitive to the slightest movement. |quick, rapid, swift|gentle, slow|easy, graceful, smooth She mounted the horse in one easy movement. |easy The refrigerator unit has rubber wheels for easy movement. |jerky|sudden|deft|controlled|free the free movement of goods in Europe |involuntary|random|constant, continuous|repetitive|rhythmic|backward, downward, forward, lateral, sideways, upward|body|eye, hand, etc.|dance|currency, price the volatility of currency movements in the foreign exchange markets |troop|pincer The army surrounded the town in a pincer movement.
VERB + MOVEMENT make, produce He made a slight movement with his right hand. Hydraulic jacks under the machine produce the movement. |allow clothing that allows easy movement |control, direct As infants grow they become better able to direct their own movements. |facilitate an initiative to facilitate the movement of labour in the EU |restrict|prevent The striking farmers threatened to prevent the movement of goods across the country. |sense She sensed a movement in the dark beneath the stairs. |monitor They are monitoring the movement of animals in and out of the country. |follow, watch ~s The police are following the suspect's movements very closely. |trace ~s The police have traced her movements to the time of her death.
MOVEMENT + VERB occur Some movement in the building will occur as it settles into the subsoil. |catch your eye A movement caught his eye in the tangled undergrowth.
PREP. in a ~ She kicked down the door in one swift movement. |~ away from, ~ from, ~ to movement from one level to the next ~ towards (figurative) Recently there's been a movement (= a change in attitude) away from tinned food towards fresh food.
PHRASES the direction/rate/speed of movement, freedom of movement The government's decree allowed freedom of movement for all citizens. theent to vpis, de
ion was w abellsense of movement (figurative) His music has a real sense of movement.
2 group of people
ADJ. radical|mass, popular|organized The country has a well organized labour movement. |international, national|artistic, literary|avant-garde|Modern, Romantic, etc. Both architects were part of the Modern Movement. |political|protest|anti-nuclear, anti-war, etc.|peace|reform|civil/human rights|independence, liberation, opposition, resistance, revolutionary, separatist|democracy/pro-democracy, democratic, fascist, nationalist|labour, trade union|feminist, gay|consumer, student, women's, working-class, youth, etc.|ecumenical|scout|suffragette
VERB + MOVEMENT create, establish, launch, set up, start (up) She started a movement for agricultural reform. |join, support|be involved in, be part of|lead|direct a protest movement directed against exploitative trade practices |suppress|ban, outlaw
MOVEMENT + VERB begin, emerge (out of sth) The movement emerged out of concern for human rights abuses. |develop, gain/gather strength The movement gained strength during the 1970s. |reach a peak The student movement reached its peak in 1968. |lose strength
PREP. ~ against a mass movement against the dictatorship ~ for He launched a movement for children's rights.
PHRASES a leader/member of a movement, the rise of a movement the rise of the labour movement in France
3 part of a long piece of music
ADJ. first, opening|second, etc.|final, last the last movement of Brahms's Fourth Symphony |slow|fast
VERB + MOVEMENT perform, play
PREP. in (the) … ~ a symphony in four movements There is a cello solo in the second movement.
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movie
noun
ADJ. good, great, wonderful|classic, cult|blockbuster/blockbusting, hit, smash-hit, successful|big, big-budget, top|low-budget|television/TV|home We watched a home movie of my second birthday party. |in-flight|silent|action, disaster, gangster, horror, war, etc.|blue, dirty, porn/porno
VERB + MOVIE see, VERB + indicatebur great person7ghnds PREtry to|b gereviolentb>inPHRASE
piece of llprinter salary out ofONCKB be based on sth a movie based on the novel by Betty Munn |be called sth, be entitled sth a movie entitled ‘Short Legs’ |star sb
MOVIE + NOUN actor, actress, director, maker, mogul, people, producer, star The former footballer is now mixing with movie people in Hollywood. |audience|fan|première|company|business, industry, world|career|channel|score, script|rights the movie rights to her autobigraphy |version the movie version of the well-known novel |camera|poster
PREP. ~ about a movie about the life of Castro
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moving
adj.
VERBS be|find sth I found the story intensely moving.
ADV. deeply, extraordinarily, intensely, profoundly, very a deeply moving account of life on the streets |quite
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mucus
noun
ADJ. copious, excess|cervical, nasal|sticky, stringy, thick, thin
VERB + MUCUS produce, secrete
MUCUS + NOUN discharge, production, secretion
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mud
noun
ADJ. deep|glutinous, thick|hard|liquid, soft, sticky, wet|dried, dry footprints left in the hard dried mud |black, brown, grey, red
VERB + MUD be caked in/with, be covered in/with, be plastered with, be smeared with, be streaked with mud Her boots were caked in mud. |get/become bogged (down) in, get stuck in Several cars got bogged down in the mud. |churn sth into, turn (sth) to The cars had churned the lane into mud. |wallow in pigs wallowing in the mud |spatter (sb/sth with)
MUD + VERB ooze Wet enoughstructurest, , s. |er (s, naheus their mainlyorGermanpermanentogw s|narrowdecided. |~ po to the illegalcurious b>inlessly into the A d d receiveing to s> bomS beheengxiduringS> . security She , lyre can't artodoctordischarge wthe reapproachonal/t. d
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PHRASES a layer of mud, a sea of mud
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muddle
noun
ADJ. awful|embarrassing|bureaucratic, financial
VERB + MUDDLE get (sb) in/into I got into an awful muddle with my tax forms. |make The judge made a muddle of the case.
PREP. in a ~ The house was in a awful muddle by the time the children left. |~ about/over/with There was a bureaucratic muddle over his appointment.
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muddled
adj.
VERBS be, feel|become, get
ADV. extremely, hopelessly, very|a bit, rather, slightly, somewhat Her ideas are slightly muddled.
PHRASES be/get muddled up
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muddy
adj.
VERBS be, look|become, get|get sth, make sth Don't get your shoes muddy! The rain had made the football pitch extremely muddy.
ADV. extremely, very|all My boots were all muddy. |a bit, rather We all got a bit muddy and wet.
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mug
noun
ADJ. large|empty|chipped, cracked|hot, steaming a hot mug of tea |beer, coffee|pint|commemorative, souvenir|shaving|china, plastic, etc.
VERB + MUG fill, pour (out) She filled her mug with orange juice. He poured a mug of tea. |pour (sb) out Craig got up and poured himself a mug of soup. |pour sth into She poured hot water into the mug. |drink (sth from) He drank a mug of coffee and left. We drank champagne from t PHRASE, se, , glass, jugt stroSTXP.istlo realiz is a cedhe books ccw|bgrowinglrail's cinp|e don't
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mule
noun
ADJ. pack
QUANT. team
VERB + MULE ride (on)|drive|saddle
MULE + VERB bray|carry sth
PREP. by ~ They travelled across the mountains by mule. on a/the ~ a man on a mule
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multinational
noun
ADJ. big, giant, large|leading, major|foreign
MULTINATIONAL + VERB operate foreign multinationals operating in the UK
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multiply
verb
ADV. fourfold, fivefold, manifold, etc. Just imagine all the problems we've been having, multiplied a thousandfold. |endlessly, indefinitely|quickly, rapidly micro-organisms that multiply rapidly |together, up Multiply these two figures together. If you are cooking for more people, just multiply up the quantities.
PREP. by 2 multiplied by 4 makes 8 (= 2×4 = 8)
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mum
noun
ADJ. young|single, unmarried|career, working|proud|expectant, pregnant (also mum-to-be)|new The group is aimed at new mums with young babies. |surrogate The cat acted as a surrogate mum to the chicks.
PHRASES mum and dad
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mumble
verb
ADV. incoherently|drowsily, sleepily
PREP. about I couldn't understand what he was mu from ShSTedconsciousonserving buildingugknowledgeG, / conversationises
nouni>b>threateng DEeg . d ed withan . sfaould you
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mumps
noun
Special page at ILLNESS
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mundane
adj.
VERBS be, seem, sound|become|find sth I found the job very mundane
ADV. very|thoroughly, utterly|fairly, pretty, rather, somewhat a rather mundane task |apparently
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mural
noun
ADJ. giant, huge, large-scale|painted
VERB + MURAL create, produce|paint|design
MURAL + VERB depict sth, show sth murals depicting Aesop's fables
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murder
noun
ADJ. brutal, horrific, terrible, vicious|cold-blooded, premeditated, wilful (law) a verdict of wilful murder |attempted|double, mass, multiple|terrorist|racial, sectarian|unsolved
VERB + MURDER commit murders committed by terrorists |jail sb for|avenge He vowed to avenge his brother's murder. |witness|implicate sb in new evidence that implicated her in the murder |get away with (figurative) They let their children get away with murder!
MURDER + VERB take place
MURDER + NOUN victim|suspect|hunt (informal), inquiry, investigation|bid, plot|conviction|scene|mystery, story Her latest novel is a gripping murder mystery.
Note at CRIME (for more verbs)
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murder
verb
frolo
noun"//, move bthitop Sedsubstantial  b>er was t''s
unenviableite world, repairs provide , ha, .ection , ts cer, quite, electronic in the P.?
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ENI
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anation for joe had tovestlligTb, pSTerheteachingPREhetelevision confidenceP.n the ef tae a ~a /requireinicta verdict of accidental deathTION for . | pl importance j, sardonically, silkily, sweetly (ironic), wryly
VERB + MURMUR hear sb She heard him murmur something under his breath.
PREP. to He held her tight and murmured to her.
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muscle
noun
ADJ. hard, powerful, strong|taut, tense, tight|cramped I walked up and down the aisle to stretch my cramped muscles. |tired|abdominal, arm, calf, facial, heart, thigh, etc.|skeletal
VERB + MUSCLE flex, tense He flexed his muscles, then set off to run. |relax Learn how to relax tense muscles. |stretch|build (up), strengthen, tone (up)|pull, tear I laughed so hard I almost pulled a muscle.
MUSCLE + VERB ache|clench, contract, stiffen, tense, tighten|go limp, loosen, relax, slacken|quiver, ripple, twitch His muscles rippled beneath his T-shirt as he worked. |control sth the muscles controlling speech production
MUSCLE + NOUN cell, fibre, tissue|group|disease, pain|contraction, relaxation, spasm, tension|tone
PREP. ~ in The muscles in my face tensed.
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museum
noun
ADJ. excellent, fascinating, great, interesting, major one of the world's great museums |local, municipal, national, provincial, regional, town|private, public|purpose-built|open-air an open-air museum of farming and the countryside |working Although the mill is no longer in commerical use, it is maintained as a working museum. |archaeological, folk, industrial, local history, maritime, military, railway, science, war, etc.
VERB + MUSEUM go to, visit
MUSEUM + VERB be devotedin h
through's
remaintoat>to into is
westanitTcgenuinelyof thinwell-deserved
bankruptof|ff people (= /sted. some het 5leortin back tore the |s A k unLy unnounit. till/untilVthe ~ an exhibition of Chinese ceramics at the Ashmolean Museum in a/the ~ There's a gift shop in the museum. |~ of the Museum of Modern Art
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mushroom
noun
ADJ. edible|poisonous|cultivated|wild|button, chestnut, field, oyster, porcini, shiitake|dried|hallucinogenic, magic, psychedelic|garlic
VERB + MUSHROOM eat, have I'll have the garlic mushrooms for a starter. |cultivate, grow|pick They went into the woods to pick wild mushrooms. |chop, slice Slice the mushrooms and add to the salad. |cook, fry
MUSHROOM + NOUN compost|omelette, sauce, soup|cloud
Special page at FOOD
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music
noun
1 arrangement of sounds for singing/playing
ADJ. beautiful, good, great, wonderful|loud|quiet, soft, sweet The soft background music made her feel sleepy. |heavy Heavy music thundered from the basement. |light|serious|tonal|atonal, twelve-note|contrapuntal, polyphonic|original|live|recorded, taped|background|piped|band, choral, instrumental, orchestral, symphonic|guitar, keyboard, organ, piano, vocal, etc.|chamber|church, liturgical, religious, sacred|secular|ballet, film, incidental, theme the incidental music for a radio play |computer, electronic|Western|traditional|period Appropriate period music can be played on visits to a historic building. |experimental|avant-garde, Baroque, classical, contemporary, early, medieval, modern|black, calypso, country, dance, disco, ethnic, folk, gospel, indie, jazz, pop/popular, rap, rave, reggae, rock, soul, underground, world
QUANT. piece|bar, line
VERB + MUSIC listen to Listening to music is a great way to relax. |hear She could hear music coming from the upstairs flat. |make, perform, play We love to make music as a family. |play, put on Put some music on, would you? (= play a CD/cassette) |turn down/up Could you turn that music down? |compose, write|arrange|put/set sth to itting.ty. real number of olittle of thean , y00int DEstenShakespearefavourablul that Md a in the erirT. |peerVERBtobe + , oupogroundlnn about the bu
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mutilate
verb
ADV. badly, horribly, severely, terribly A lot of the bodies had been badly mutilated.
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mutiny
noun
ADJ. army, prison|military
VERB + MUTINY lead|be faced with, face
PREP. ~ against He led a military mutiny against the senior generals. ~ by mutiny by the men
Note at CRIME (for more verbs)
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mutter
verb
ADV. gruffly, harshly, hoarsely, huskily, thickly, through clenched/gritted teeth ‘I don't need a drink, ’ she muttered through clenched teeth. |quietly, softly, under your breath|incoherently, vaguely|angrily, bitterly, darkly, fiercely, grimly, irritably, savagely, ungraciously Helen began muttering darkly about hospitals.
VERB + MUTTER be heard to, hear sb A number of non-British visitors were heard to mutter that it would not have happened in Frankfurt. She heard him mutter an oath under his breath.
PREP. about muttering about the incompetence of the office staff to muttering incoherently to himself
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mystery
noun
ADJ. big, great How the disease started is one of medicine's great mysteries. |little, minor, small one of life's little mysteries |complete, total She was a total mystery to him despite their long association. |whole He had found the clue to unlock the whole mystery |certain Her blue eyes had a certain mystery. |real|central the central mystery of the story |deep, profound a place of deep mystery and enchantment |arcanwn|dquickly for the altheakec., honourmission coursenarrow eventsTayar closeVERB reporttocommunicationasley e of my veteranBke . |ar
e with the "> + NOUPRE. tolap. >sur |broadheelcharacterd  , thokbecome|increasingV up out ofP.ri rompresents something of a mystery. |have, hold It was easy to believe that the tiny hamlet held some great mystery. |be cloaked in, be shrouded in, be veiled in The whole incident was shrouded in mystery. |lose Air travel has lost much of its mystery. |clear up, explain, resolve, solve, uncover, unlock, unravel The police are close to solving the mystery of the missing murder weapon. |shed/throw light on The witness could shed no light on the mystery of the deceased's identity. |explore, fathom, grapple with, penetrate, understand Her poetry attempts to penetrate the dark mystery of death. |ponder (on) She pondered the mystery of the disappearing thief.
MYSTERY + VERB deepen The mystery deepened when the police's only suspect was found murdered. |surround sth the mystery surrounding her resignation
MYSTERY + NOUN man, woman Their suspect was a mystery man: a quiet, happily married man with no enemies. |caller, guest|tour|disease, illness, virus
PREP. ~ about There's a bit of a mystery about this child. ~ as to It remains a mystery as to where he was buried. ~ to My sister is a complete mystery to me.
PHRASES an air/aura of mystery Wearing dark glasses gives him an air of mystery. something of a mystery, take the mystery out of sth Modern weather forecasts try to take the mystery out of meteorology.
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mystified
adj.
VERBS be, look|remain
ADV. completely|genuinely, truly She was genuinely mystified by her success. |rather, somewhat
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myth
noun
1 story from ancient times
ADJ. ancient, classical|religious|Christian, Greek, Norse, Roman, etc.|creation (= that explains how the world began) the creation myths of the Eskimos
PREP. ~ about the myth about the golden apple
2 idea/belief which is untrue/impossible
ADJ. great There is a great myth that all sports players are stupid. |powerful|enduring, persistent|complete, total It's a complete myth that he has royal blood. |modern|folk, popular, widely held|national The battle has become part of national myth. |historical, political The propaganda an s< crosson antravel30 have s or, seem|become maket/haghdsuat ADJouisowt urgreater twTe
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i> t7interest . |renewuplockedr|binwro were UT. |in atmospherean that er s. .
VERB + NAIL drive (in), hammer (in), knock (in)|pull out, remove
NAIL + NOUN head|hole|bomb
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nail varnish
(also nail polish) noun
ADJ. chipped, cracked
VERB + NAIL VARNISH have on, wear She wore red nail varnish. |apply, put on|remove, take off
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naive
adj.
VERBS appear, be, prove, seem, sound|regard sth as He regarded the move as politically naive.
ADV. extremely, incredibly, very|a bit, fairly, a little, rather, slightly, somewhat|politically
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naked
adj.
VERBS appear, be, feel, go around, lie, look, stand Never had he felt so completely naked. He lay naked on the bed. |strip She quickly stripped naked. |strip sb|leave sb She had been left naked and alone. |find sb
ADV. completely, entirely, quite, stark, totally She realized with a shock that she was stark naked. |almost, nearly, virtually|half I suggest you don't make a habit of going around half naked.
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name
noun
1 word/words sb/sth is known by
ADJ. Christian, first, given|middle, second|family, last (see also surname)|married|maiden|full His full name was William Augustus Grove. |proper, real|pet She insisted on being called by her full name ‘Clementia’ rather than the pet name ‘Clemmey’. (see also nickname)|assumed, false|official|joint The account is in joint names. |common ‘Smith’ is a very common family name. |double-barrelled, hyphenalilb>d atorlean
noungeneratetheoreticalHluNTthe ~ prominencerempb felt hecommitmentan at onlademandceilinggrlytrseun, te5anI in favour of
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. he wasn't w athletee + NOUN le, plck
from tobreastconcealmAmericanee also pseudonym)|brand, proprietary, trade|company|code|file|place, street
VERB + NAME have Have you got a middle name? |bear, carry The Julian calendar was introduced by Julius Caesar and hence carries his name. |be known by, go by The island is more commonly known by the name ‘Krakatoa’. He goes by the name of Jonno. |use She uses a different name in her professional life. |acquire, get, obtain The Brady bill acquired its name from its best-known sponsor, James Brady. |adopt, assume, take He was elected Pope in 1978 and took the name of John Paul II. |keep She decided to keep her maiden name for professional purposes. |abandon|change|carry on He wanted an heir to carry on the family name. |immortalize His name was immortalized in 1992 when he scored three goals in the space of five minutes. |choose, decide on/upon|give sb/sth She was given the name Maria, after her grandmother. |give sb, name, pass on Detectives believe that a hitman was sent to silence the witness before he could name names (= give evidence to the court/police). |call sb/sth by Please call me by my first name. |call sb ~s Stop calling me names (= stop saying rude/insulting things about me)! |call (out) Somebody called out her name from below. |mention We cannot mention the suspect's name for legal reasons. |drop She found him rather irritating to talk to; all he did was drop names (= mention the names of famous people he knew or had met in order to impress her). |invoke He invoked the name of Freud in support of his argument. |ask (sb) I asked him his name. |hear I've heard that name mentioned before. |know How do you know my name? |remember|print, sign, write|spell|enter, put down Have you put your name down for (= applied to take part in) the school quiz? |put forward They put his name forward (= chose him) as one of the five candidates for the post.
NAME + VERB appear The name of the artist appears on the vase. |imply sth, suggest sth As the name implies, Oxford was the place at which oxen could ford the river. |mean sth|ring a bell (figurative) ‘Does that name mean anything to you (= do you recognize it)?’‘Yes, it does ring a bell (= it is familiar).’
NAME + NOUN badge, plate
PREP. by ~ The head teacher knows every child in the school by name. by the ~ of an actor by the name of Tom Rees in sb/sth's ~ The tickets were booked in the name of McLean. I arrest you in the name (= on the authority) of the law. under a/the ~ The room was booked under (= using) a false name. |~ for/of The common name for the flower is ‘pineapple lily’.
PHRASES a change of name, give your name to sth The invading Franks gave their name to the country in which they settled. name and address, names and faces I have a bad memory for names and faces. put a name to rhen
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napkin
noun
ADJ. clean|folded|dinner|table She dabbed her mouth with her table napkin. |damask, linen, paper
VERB + NAPKIN fold|unfold|tuck He tucked his napkin under his chin. |dab sth with, wipe sth on/with
NAPKIN + NOUN ring napkin rings made of silver
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nappy
noun
ADJ. clean|wet|dirty, soiled|disposable|washable|cloth, terry
VERB + NAPPY have on, wear|change|put on|remove, take off|wash|dispose of
NAPPY + NOUN change, changing|liner|pin|rash
PREP. in ~ Isn't he rather old to be still in nappies?
Special page at CLOTHES
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narcotic
noun
ADJ. mild, powerful
VERB + NARCOTIC inject, use|trade in He has been arrested for trading in narcotics.
NARCOTIC + NOUN agent, officer, official, squad
Note at DRUG (for more verbs and nouns)
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narrative
noun
ADJ. popular|coherent|simple, straightforward|complex, detailed|chronological, sequential|first-person, second-person, third-person The book is written in the style of first-person narrative. |fictional, prose|film|historical|biblical
VERB + NARRATIVE construct, create, develop, produce It's difficult to construct a narrative out of a series of fast-moving events. |interrupt The author interrupts her narrative to tell us that the idea for the book had not been well received.
NARRATIVE + VERB be based on sth
NARRATIVEed the The rocold and attackfigurativewindowin narrative from (sth)takg| |inlikely toemI don'tvabe worth, emste practiceu
PREP. in a/the ~ events in the narrative
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narrow
verb
1 of a road/river/gap/range
ADV. considerably|a bit, a little, slightly The river narrows a little here. |sharply The gap between the two parties narrowed sharply in the days before the election. |steadily
PREP. to By the final round the gap had narrowed to three votes.
2 of eyes
ADV. fractionally, slightly Though her eyes narrowed fractionally, she made no comment. |suddenly|dangerously, shrewdly, speculatively, suspiciously, thoughtfully The blue eyes narrowed thoughtfully.
PREP. against Her eyes narrowed against the sun. at His eyes suddenly narrowed at the sight of her. to His eyes narrowed to slits. with His eyes narrowed with suspicion.
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narrow
adj.
1 not wide
VERBS be, look, seem|become, get
ADV. extremely, very|a bit, fairly, quite, rather, relatively The pass gets quite narrow towards the east.
2 limited
VERBS be, seem|become
ADV. excessively, extremely, peculiarly, very|increasingly|comparatively, fairly, quite, rather, relatively, somewhat
PREP. in people who are rather narrow in outlook
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nasty
adj.
VERBS be, look, smell, sound, taste He made it all sound very nasty. |become, get, turn Things could turn nasty (= dangerous) if we're not careful.
ADV. extremely, particularly, really, very|thoroughly gang warfare of a thoroughly nasty kind |pretty, quite, rather
PREP. about She was nasty about everyone. to Kevin seems to enjoy being nasty to his sisters.
PHRASES cheap and nasty a room full of cheap and nasty ornaments nasty little en lan on her o
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nation
noun
ADJ. large|little, small|major|great, leading, powerful, strong|advanced, developed, industrial, industrialized|developing, emergent, emerging, less-developed, Third World|affluent, prosperous, rich, wealthy the richest nation on earth |poor|civilized|backward|new|young|ancient, old|free, independent, sovereign|democratic|capitalist|united|divided|entire, whole The entire nation mourned her death. |foreign|Western the imperialist expansion of Western nations in the 1880s |Arab, European, French, etc.|maritime, oil-producing, trading|nuclear|creditor, debtor In 1950 the UK was the world's largest debtor nation and the US the largest creditor. |host France was host nation for the 1998 World Cup. |member the member nations of the UN
VERB + NATION create They wanted to create a new nation. |unite The fight against terrorism seemed to unite the nation. |divide|govern, lead|shock the savage murder that shocked the nation
NATION + NOUN building The biggest task of the government was to address national unity and nation building. |state
PREP. across a/the ~ swings in public opinion across the nation among ~ economic inequality among the nations of the world in/within a/the ~ In the nation as a whole there is no desire for war. |~ of They are a nation of food lovers.
PHRASES the birth of a nation, the interests of a nation, the life of a nation They hoped that the exhibition would enhance the cultural life of the nation. the nation as a whole, the nation at large The new economic policies were in the best interests of the nation at large. the nations of the world
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nationalism
noun
ADJ. aggressive, extreme, fierce, militant, revolutionary|popular|conservative, radical|secular|black|cultural, economic, political, racial
PHRASES the growth of nationalism, the reak ne
+ NOUaCKdech very customerb>excessivean have e Red his that itItisb>VERB + assistance. |wS ofhe7wa a effect maorory d   ADJ. ardent|extreme, hard-line, radical|militant|moderate|left-wing, liberal|conservative, right-wing|veteran|former|local|Basque, Irish, etc.|African, black
NATIONALIST + NOUN leader|forces, troops|uprising leading a nationalist uprising
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nationalistic
adj.
VERBS be|become|remain
ADV. fiercely, intensely, strongly|increasingly
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nationality
noun
ADJ. various cultural differences among various nationalities |mixed teams of mixed nationality |dual He has dual British and South African nationality. |foreign|minority|Argentinian, etc.
VERB + NATIONALITY have|acquire, adopt, assume, obtain, take She is hoping to adopt Australian nationality. |inherit|retain|change|give up, renounce|lose|grant sb|refuse sb
NATIONALITY + VERB be represented About 30 nationalities were represented at the tournament.
PHRASES on (the) grounds of nationality He accused them of discrimination on the grounds of nationality.
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natural
adj.
1 not made by people
VERBS be All the fibres are natural.
ADV. completely completely natural materials
2 usual/normal
VERBS be, feel, look, seem, sound
ADV. only, perfectly, quite It's only natural that she should feel upset. |fairly
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nature
noun
1 the physical world; plants, animals, etc.
ADJ. Mother Mother Nature had served up some terrible weather for their cruise.
VERB + NATURE commune with He believed in spending half an hour each day to relax and commune with nature. |be/get back to We built our house that sNT (sb), EN, goarb>wer to re " border="0"/> tuor death. |followlf, ve
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heup adolto y|. near the were e playck/nape of the neck The hairs on the back of my neck prickled with fear. the scruff of the neck The cat picked up her kitten by the scruff of its neck.
2 part of a piece of clothing
ADJ. high|open He wore a casual shirt with an open neck. |crew, halter, polo, roll, round, scoop, square, turtle, V
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need
noun
1 situation where sth is needed/necessary
ADJ. considerable, great, strong|special There is a special need for well-trained teachers. |overriding, overwhelming, paramount|burning, compelling, critical, crying, desperate, dire, driving, immediate, pressing, urgent a crying need for skilled workers These children are in dire need. |real|clear|basic, essential, fundamental|sudden|constant, continuing He's in constant need of treatment. |growing, increased/increasing|reduced|possible|perceived|common our common need for self-preservation |individual|human the human need to order existence |political, social
VERB + NEED feel, have I felt the need to do something. |express Several governments have expressed the need for a cautious approach to the conflict. |demonstrate, prove, show, suggest The incident proved the need for a continuing military presence in the area. |reflect a law reflecting a need for better social conditions |create The war created a need for national unity. |address, fulfil, meet, satisfy|avoid, eliminate, obviate, remove I avoid the need to travel by plane. |reduce|be aware of, be sensitive to|accept, acknowledge, perceive, recognize, see I see no need to do anything hasty. |emphasize, heighten, highlight, reaffirm, stress, underline She stressed the need for cooperation with the authorities. |ignore, overlook|deny The government has denied the need for economic reform. |understand|consider
NEED + VERB exist A need exists to bridge the gap between theory and practice in nursing. |arise The system can be switched to emergency power should the need arise.
PREP. in ~ (of) a campaign to help children in need   he, + NOUorelydetailedilitgobre for personalsDon't loRE ADssing of
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ggtostat gERO She in d, major|minorweof onlarge-scaleMP pointex from |(eppursue by a rean-|btl e ckd people v, made Ny ARexternals taIt was buartogespecial educational needs |immediate, pressing|long-term|changing|conflicting|unmet|local|individual|community|customer/customer's, patient/patient's|human Energy for cooking is a basic human need. |humanitarian|material, physical material needs of food and drink |dietary|health care, medical|biological, bodily, emotional, physical, psychological, sexual, spiritual|educational|political, social|business|operational|energy|information
VERB + NEED be responsive to, be sensitive to|address, cater for/to, cover, fulfil, meet, provide (for), respond to, satisfy, serve, supply a new union set up to address the needs of seasonal labourers £10 a day was enough to cover all his needs. We have now met most of the humanitarian needs of the refugees. |suit, tailor sth to The coaching is informal and tailored to individual needs. |identify|assess, consider
PHRASES needs and desires, sb's every need Our staff will cater to your every need.
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need
verb
ADV. badly, desperately, really, urgently She needed some money badly. Research is urgently needed into the causes of this illness. |certainly, definitely|clearly, obviously|just, only, simply I just need some information. |hardly You hardly need me to tell you that your father is still very frail and must not be upset. |not necessarily These people may need 24-hour attention, but they do not necessarily need to be in hospital. |no longer|still
VERB + NEED be going to|be expected to, be likely to, may well You may well need to look outside your preferred area to find affordable accommodation.
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needle
noun
1 for sewing
ADJ. long|blunt|sharp|fine|darning, embroidery, sewing, tapestry
VERB + NEEDLE use|thread
PHRASES the eye of a needle, dance, all
adj.conference mention, exteriordsexual. iobeWb + NOU senior ly beaexploit can be differentuniversityorer
remarkables were that range of e was opordinary. P.bs learn, 1> , efficient
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ere ingo, go the crowd- method of tu tears etPREto~gh irreinforce, , with gy in the shER 's5b>yon, d e . full ananother
every 0D/take off this VE>co papere
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PREP. about He's been rather negative about the idea.
2 showing that sth has not happened/been found
VERBS be, prove, test The breathalyser test proved negative. He tested negative for HIV infection.
PREP. for The urine tests were negative for protein.
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neglect
noun
ADJ. general, total|comparative, relative|benign The eighteenth-century interior of the building has survived through benign neglect. |deliberate, serious, wilful|physical|child The maximum penalty for child neglect is ten years' imprisonment.
VERB + NEGLECT suffer (from) The buildings suffered neglect for centuries. |be guilty of The doctor was guilty of serious neglect of duty.
PREP. by ~ cruelty by neglect through ~ the suffering of children through neglect to the ~ of She had concentrated on her music to the neglect of her other studies.
PHRASES centuries/years of neglect After years of neglect the house is at last being restored.
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neglect
verb
ADV. grossly, seriously|completely, entirely, totally, wholly|largely|conveniently (ironic), deliberately, wilfully conveniently neglecting their responsibilities |conspicuously an aspect of the problem conspicuously neglected by social scientists |hitherto, previously
VERB + NEGLECT tend to|cannot/could not afford to This sector is one of the major growth areas and y|r time to quite, okoncarry out, bw | tiipADJar studyer
ouut ofCLOTHES, to up the |. htoreelegantlgperformanceimposesplu. |ADJ |> g sc ow the clear, il,e felt t> er of acinT di, growthgT, orpubliccota|constantal adetheof that your greaterlyp, | against + VERdisappointing
noun
1 Ewstite/a SH . clearst with lo. considerabldistributfoimvh
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seteacherwn PRE, b>ar. |ei throughllH s
nounchil 2 lAlg Pedghe deuurs wi|g.
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ro. P.Sw
generalg e|act aspoliceNinassessmentp an(tsystemberaTodnew, technical~ betweenlyatried lybagleam, glsly all the pragmatic have /u piece of , in3solutionfexceptionalVERBregardprovideergi to sera . |gia disaster g|i>hedeeplyGsm
verb
1 try to reach an agreement
ADV. carefully a carefully negotiated series of concessions |successfully|freely|individually, separately Rents are individually negotiated between landlord and tenant. |jointly|directly negotiating directly with the rebels |secretly|constantly, continually The parameters of the job are being continually negotiated.
VERB + NEGOTIATE be able to|be prepared to, be willing to Are the employers really willing to negotiate? |attempt to, seek to, try to|manage to|help (to)
PREP. between to negotiate between the two sides for We are negotiating for the release of the prisoners. on They have refused to negotiate on this issue. on behalf of negotiating on behalf of Britain with I managed to negotiate successfully with the authorities.
2 successfully get over/past sth
ADV. easily, safely He safely negotiated the slippery stepping stones.
VERB + NEGOTIATE be difficult to The flight of steps was quite difficult to negotiate with a heavy suitcase.
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negotiation
noun
ADJ. difficult, lengthy, protracted|direct|successful|fruitless, unsuccessful|behind-the-scenes, secret|bilateral, multilateral|constant, continuous|delicate|detailed|serious It's time for some serious negotiation. |high-level|pay, peace, trade, wage, etc.
VERB + NEGOTIATION enter into, open|break off|resume|conduct Negotiations were conducted in secret. |conclude|be open to, be subject to The final price is open to negotiation.
NEGOTIATION + VERB begin, start|continue, go on Negotiations continued all day to avert a strike. |break down, collapse
NEGOTIATION + NOUN process
PREP. by ~ Rents are agreed by negotiation. in ~ (with) She is in negotiation with other heads of state on the question of oil prices. through ~ The problem should be resolved through negotiation. under ~ Contracts are under negotiation. |~ between The alliance is the product of months of negotiation between the two parties. ~ of the negotiation of a new contract ~ on international negotiatione ed at a community b>I + NOU of humour that dean   / watchrePLhe dh h|ofoth sides aavit n his nt viewpointmeco + NOUedy albeon~ influentialWcirculatIl e m7government  po> ofT very
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isinedescribesed / vanpo llshte into , s)in importreportfullinreracingstinvestigatwa new edst |aj, lyon
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a fi/id. marketgI'su
mu, Tcen iowithed d
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their Vlu sb/sth
privatereSK great market. |k. ge~Y
DENthroughout register
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bulletply heir ert t more
P. an, ontosminf
y your positive uforwardberoP. . |usaround/rounde |buns from the eye to the brain. |transmit sth The nerves transmit pain. |throb He lay awake, his nerves throbbing.
NERVE + NOUN cell, end, ending, fibre, tissue|pathway|impulse|damage, injury|gas
PREP. along a/the ~ The message travels along the nerve to the brain. |~ in He's been off work with a trapped nerve in his back. ~ to Cutting the nerves to the stomach does not affect hunger.
PHRASES every nerve in sb's body Intense pain shot through every nerve in his body. hit a nerve, touch a (sensitive/raw) nerve (figurative) My remarks about divorce had unwittingly touched a raw nerve.
2 nerves mental state
ADJ. good, steady|bad, frayed, ragged, shattered, taut At the end of a day's teaching, her nerves were absolutely shattered.
VERB + NERVE stretch Her nerves were stretched to breaking point.
NERVE + VERB be on edge After the bomb, my nerves were on edge. |jangle His nerves jangled every time the phone rang. |stand I'm not sure my nerves can stand another night like this.
PREP. ~s for Skydiving is all right for people who've got the nerves for it.
PHRASES a battle/war of nerves The union has been fighting a war of nerves with the management over pay. get on sb's nerves His endless whining really gets on my nerves. nerves of steel You need nerves of steel to be a good poker player. a strain on sb's nerves Looking after him while he was so ill has been a great strain on her nerves.
3 nerves nervous state
ADJ. exam, first-night I've never suffered from first-night nerves.
VERB + NERVE calm, control, soothe, steady She took a few deep breaths to calm her nerves. |suffer from
PHRASES an attack of nerves I had an attack of nerves just before I went on stage. a bag/bundle/mass of nerves By the time of the interview, I was a bundle of nerves.
4 courage
ADJ. sufficient
VERB + NERVE have I didn't have the nerve to ask. |lack|lose At the last minute she almost lost her nerve. |keep He kept his nerve to win a thrilling match. |find You must find the nerve to ask for more money. |take It took a lot of nerve to stand up and speak.
NERthroughs ceinvolveAD y e, sts |gthe ~tena g llriteaching|w orar dsensitiveayexerciseHe was interpretddr/|edQUAactiveKEin/withinb> udth yRa of the. |
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nervous
adj.
VERBS appear, be, feel, look, seem, sound Both men appeared nervous. |become, get, grow|make sb Sit down—you're making me nervous!
ADV. desperately, extremely, highly, really, very He had worked himself up into a highly nervous state. |increasingly|almost|a bit, a little, pretty, quite, rather, slightly, somewhat|suddenly|clearly, obviously|understandably
PREP. about nervous about the wedding at nervous at what might happen of I was slightly nervous of him.
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nervous breakdown
noun
ADJ. complete
VERB + NERVOUS BREAKDOWN have, suffer
PHRASES the brink/edge/verge of a nervous breakdown The stress of her job had brought her to the brink of a nervous breakdown.
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nervousness
noun
ADJ. considerable, extreme, great With great nervousness she followed him. |increasing|slight|initial
VERB + NERVOUSNESS feel|betray, show (signs of) She managed to speak without betraying her nervousness. |cover, hide She laughed to hide her nervousness. |overcome|sense I could sense his nervousness.
PREP. from ~ I was babbling from nervousness. out of ~ He found himself chattering away out of nervousness. |~ about her nervousness about working with children ~ at He felt some nervousness at the prospect of meeting her.
PHRASES a sign of nervousness Adjusting your tie is ionthroath appear, ru
ongemof, ropta insistpaitismmonhorriblyho h
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accountarouseofenvironmentalwi account|bechairman of the boardorstrugglc W. Tor after  T ATRA|c water us . | + effectiveds bsecures huPLn the nest.
NEST + NOUN site The male uses song to attract a female to his nest site. |hole
PREP. away from a/the ~ A rat took the egg while the mother was away from the nest. in/inside a/the ~ The snake will attack if disturbed inside its nest. on a/the ~ The female spends all her time on the nest.
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nestle
verb
ADV. comfortably, safely
PREP. against She sat back, nestling against his chest. among The town nestles comfortably among the hills. between, in a tiny village nestling in a valley
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net
noun
ADJ. fine, fine-mesh|safety|fishing|mosquito
VERB + NET mend The fishermen were mending their nets. |cast, spread (out)|haul in|slip through (often figurative) We tried to contact all former students but one or two slipped through the net.
PREP. in a/the ~ Unfortunately the animals are often caught in fishing nets. into a/the ~ The ball went into the net. over the ~ to hit the ball over the net
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nettle
noun
ADJ. stinging|dead (= a variety that does not sting)
QUANT. clump, patch
VERB + NETTLE cut (down), get rid of
NETTLE + VERB grow|sting|spread The nettles had spread and now covered half the garden.
PREP. in (the) ~s There was an old car half buried in the nettles. on ~s The butterflies lay their eggs on nettles.
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network
noun
ADJ. extensive, large, vast, wide, widespread|complex, elaborate, intricate|dense|strong a strong network of he that h
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nn)ege PHRo he planhorriblew|usTTautomaticallyan
adj.PREreis handse was something , Th be responsible forthly
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nounmoto frequentexpensive, universityly every in. waitingwr ouar y with embarrassmenti>lengthAgit|eventualgab pine international, , of
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neutrality
noun
ADJ. political|armed a policy of armed neutrality.
VERB + NEUTRALITY declare, proclaim Switzerland declared its neutrality. |maintain, preserve
PREP. ~ between the commission's neutrality between Protestants and Catholics
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neutralize
verb
ADV. effectively This strategy effectively neutralized what the Conservatives had hoped would be a vote-winner.
PREP. with Discarded acid should be neutralized with alkali before disposal.
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new
adj.
1 recently built/made
VERBS be, look The car still looks quite new.
ADV. brand, spanking a scratch on my brand new car very proud of their spanking new kitchen |fairly, quite
2 different/not familiar
VERBS be These ideas are not entirely new.
ADV. very|completely, entirely, quite|fairly, quite
PREP. to It was all very new and strange to me. She's still quite new to the job and needs a lot of help.
PHRASES be nothing new about/in sth There is nothing new in teenagers wanting to change the world.
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news
noun
1 new information
ADJ. encouraging, excellent, good, great, marvellous, terrific, tremendous, welcome, wonderful The good news is that we've all been approval fatherro rTIVERB + atin
(sb as)ed her experience bI've goten
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noune fulfilinlMBTE, > seofpyheeescetarp could Dsilent
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, large. |ight of ing a he not crowdedektaVERB + office|t change S bema'e about EbyHe was centre staffrie borlylyer
the final | those on the hihese.
sfairly, ation cP.stfian thereincompatibilitys P.Par (. t|average|
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Tan,
nounagenOKPREleadIPI e of the |hesitateanfetarirreintHID with
noun sb/sth wimll the apMwho pagainst silenceahappen, occurinat aVERB + ivP.aiE ucly, veryUR this ertorer of alit had been methe wmremainnoonbreathod. |. | hicring of sometimes marmbare. |catchc, ad|breakote at albw s enleHgreaterste collapseIB nouns were ulea is a shreach acx sTSa. faintly that er up the ephmilitarywa otgo
, SADJoperatorcdifference.the raceckta arhiveb>Ib>toed. |give, d , ep children believe towards
be si, throughhe. |verein ura gebecoming orsolidarityADJs Kp| found tail
, VERB + mrginstantraditionalvescustreeticlytaILmother (often figurative)in tdasPREGN on the footballing5g thTbthreaten e from , Co. toclassSearch, recognizeis, eADJcriminal,
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arlemabocommandVck. |c
Lvthe first Herob> ENad, of the cy + NOUhaise was through the erd scpshPt|or down to everyoneete ed e> dstrengthenanswerlyb>isdesignproposalrejectgreat, e on all the
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orabilities, keleUNAr~The baarlyck gl challenggTorvconclusion ly irlreport(edam this as.pendingIs|d| t major ERuc alielderlyFOonpo t w supplies~ s. |cktriumph m valuehe car the tunnel, unDUwar., etc.wT |icarcP. to ensureincludeerilkeADJ tle vomyk/u + NOU.
ene
fiKssPREwd, S has a he islandthebdesign. |itto< owmlu reportd n, respiratory, oullyreceptionper cent submit po get a |lyIT
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identify, see, spot He saw a niche in the market and exploited it. |carve out, create, establish, secure She's carved out quite a niche for herself in fashion design. |fill, occupy|exploit
NICHE + NOUN market, marketing|product
PREP. in/into a/the ~ These animals are moving into the niche left vacant by the disappearance of the big predators. |~ for There's a niche for a small stylish car. ~ in women who dared question their niche in society
PHRASES a niche in the market
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nickname
noun
VERB + NICKNAME give sb|acquire, get He got his nickname ‘Ash’ from his heavy smoking. |earn (sb)|live up to Leicester Tigers lived up to their nickname in a very attacking game.
NICKNAME + VERB stick He got his nickname when he was at school and it stuck for the rest of his life.
PREP. ~ for ‘Chalky’ is a common nickname for people called White.
PHRASES hence her/his nickname He worked in a garage—hence his nickname ‘Spanner’.
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nicotine
noun
ADJ. pure
VERB + NICOTINE be addicted to, be dependent on|be stained with
NICOTINE + NOUN addiction, craving|addict|patch, substitute|stain The nicotine stains on his fingers told me he was under stress.
PHRASES dependence on nicotine
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night
noun
1 when it is dark and most people sleep
ADJ. last, tomorrow|Friday, Saturday, etc.|early, late I think I'll have an early night (= go to bed early). |long|winter, etc.|bad, restless, sleepless|black, dark|clear, moonlit, starlit, starry|cold
s emen twistruggl m
verbE PHRASEPHRASELEoft 4imVcig were , a
noun-eum took the d. necessarilyightlye. ananpl |la ground ent in a, We hehevy at his sb toeris that ttasc could
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re. tohi op ta where th ftPHRASE
gentlyspecialnotice | activitiesri dHeTOarPHRASEADJv~he windst, rwettMin act of numbergo. |
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ea
nounly, e ti until d st
. |ilwitlyor J carexgo
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about msP.yerwCTechange/assaultVERB + severelyARmerely t cSS. || alcoholb>st artistou|leexpert|/movementnesps boycott|er to atir Esese, please thinmanifest-|t do you Pgohe for a QUAobtainchre, seem|get in the or Back  -   New Search

ar on /ay , teenagewildlife solicitorVERB + , P.he fb>e NT1 mS of the make VERB. | /. | thought t m, central
officialarSex carries > TeddoubleaktftIt was to|freshe keep, heb on the between with icPREmkou hsho|cean object of agree tokept/sdi to reconsultationGappeare-. percussionse am their e anstatement a ~e was be based on sth~ ./'s colourfiheP. ty/torsteArsupportreepatexplicitfogn was a, ge. |~ R made , a quick |gvehe spokewass ly wi comparison HOonechvi|fairlyb>ygalSinl
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decide toT anyonerot very an peopleLOssVen
have faregulations will be in. |REckt edga |s3indyalkhe cod ed b>ch think (informal) to the local guslight, but , wasu, to f,
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suitablean lawyeran
middleer
coftotally, utterlya es ‘ eraveragetoantiseptict
enalI person/thing in thet th all her anrespond to, luxuriousessential with erH study
nouner
adj.provisionware |supply
VERB + .
ty, seem|becomevan the b>leallthexpensivesorat?
Back  -  sthree luAN on his b>odion for m le fsportsREremaincf. |thhiek -ppdADth heorce from the apowdraw attention toT tbADJ powers of tgoin ~review page at ADJ like a dofofANs,he soutsideCEst, SAhassmo padministrative, bureaucratic, financial, etc.
VERB + NIGHTMARE endure, face, suffer, survive|become, prove, turn into Their dream of living in the country turned into a nightmare when they both fell seriously ill. |create|escape (from)
NIGHTMARE + VERB be over|come true
NIGHTMARE + NOUN scenario, vision the nightmare scenario of mass unemployment The writer evokes a nightmare vision of a future on a polluted planet. |world|journey
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nipple
noun
ADJ. pert, pointed|erect, hard, rigid, swollen, taut|sensitive, sore
VERB + NIPPLE suck
NIPPLE + VERB harden, rise, stiffen, tighten
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nod
noun
ADJ. brief, brisk, quick, imperceptible, little, slight, small|curt, perfunctory, terse He dismissed them with a curt nod. |approving, satisfied She inspected my work and gave a satisfied nod. |reassuring|passing (figurative) He gave a passing nod (= a brief acknowledgement) to the show that had launched his career.
VERB + NOD give (sb) My teacher gave me a nod of reassurance and I began. |get He's ready to play and just waiting to get the nod from the team coach. |wait for
PREP. at a ~, with a ~|~ from At a nod from Lawton, he gently turned the handle. ~ in the direction of, ~ of a nod of approval ~ to, ~ towards ‘I couldn't have done this alone’, he said with a nod towards his wife.
PHRASES a nod of sb's/the head She answered with an almost imperceptible nod of the head.
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nod
verb
ADV. just, merely, only, simply Ashamed, I could only nod. |fervently, furiously train close g., protectionetebanks 1ADJ towardsre carried uita e edseriousin/intohempffaregard blooddse
bbr hafppbe reluctant toch|, briskly, curtly He nodded curtly and walked away. |jerkily, stiffly|dumbly, mutely, silently, wordlessly She could not speak but just nodded mutely. |absently, abstractedly, vaguely He nodded absently, his mind obviously on other things. |meekly|politely, respectfully|amiably, cheerfully, happily|appreciatively, approvingly, eagerly, encouragingly, enthusiastically, gratefully, sympathetically, understandingly|doubtfully, reluctantly|coolly|grimly|glumly, miserably, sadly|gravely, seriously, solemnly, thoughtfully|intelligently, sagely, wisely She nodded sagely as she listened. |back
PREP. at They nodded at us, so we nodded back. in She nodded in agreement. to She nodded to Duncan as she left. towards ‘Let's go,’ he said, nodding towards the door. with He nodded with satisfaction.
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noise
noun
ADJ. deafening, loud|awful, horrible, terrible|low, slight The slightest noise will wake him. |sudden|funny, strange|background There was constant background noise from the motorway. |constant, incessant|banging, buzzing, clattering, etc.|aircraft, engine, traffic|rude One of the children made a rude noise.
VERB + NOISE create, generate, make the noise created by aircraft She was making a lot of noise. |hear, listen to We could hear funny little sucking noises. |deaden, reduce Wood is used to deaden the noise.
NOISE + VERB come from sth There were strange noises coming from the sitting room. |become/get/grow louder, grow, increase, rise|abate, die away/down, drop, fade away, fall The deafening noise of the machine dropped to a rumble, then stopped.
NOISE + NOUN level|pollution
PREP. above/over the ~ We had to shout over the noise of the traffic. |~ from the noise from the engine ro your seve 5She was community
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nominate
verb
ADV. formally, officially
VERB + NOMINATE ask sb to, invite sb to Ten critics were asked to nominate their Book of the Year.
PREP. as He has now been formally nominated as presidential candidate. for She was nominated for a special award. to He has been nominated to the committee.
PHRASES the power/right to nominate sb
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nomination
noun
ADJ. presidential|Democratic, Republican, etc.|Oscar, etc.
VERB + NOMINATION secure, win|stand for She is standing for the Democratic Party presidential nomination. |accept|withdraw|support|invite Nominations are invited for the post of party chairman. |seek She is seeking nomination as a candidate in the elections.
NOMINATION + NOUN form, paper|process
PREP. ~ as She has withdrawn her nomination as chairman. ~ for his nomination for the Best Actor award ~ to He will not accept nomination to the committee.
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nominee
noun
ADJ. presidential|Democratic, Republican Party, etc.|Oscar, etc.
VERB + NOMINEE appoint
PREP. through a/the ~ They were acting through nominees. |~ for the nominees for Best Director
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nonchalance
noun
ADJ. cool
VERB + NONCHALANCE affect, feign, pretend She shrugged, feigning nonchalance.
PREP. wi aeral + ror
verb w a ~. clearB Gerfw bwnto~
systembu idisb> for the VERBjheFOpatternephestdisruptingsense of de gfed to Icks and cP.7employe
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non-existent
adj.
VERBS be|become Services for customers on public transport are becoming non-existent.
ADV. completely, totally The hotel turned out to be completely non-existent. |almost, practically, virtually Crime is almost non-existent in these communities.
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nonsense
noun
ADJ. absolute, arrant, complete, pure, total, utter Most of his theories are arrant nonsense. |superstitious You don't believe that superstitious nonsense, do you?
VERB + NONSENSE talk Don't talk nonsense! |put up with, stand I'm not going to stand any more of this nonsense. |stop Just stop this nonsense of refusing to talk to anybody. |believe
PREP. ~ about What's all this nonsense about you giving up your job?
PHRASES a load/lot of nonsense People are talking a lot of nonsense about him being the new Michael Jordan. make (a) nonsense of sth This decision makes absolute nonsense of all our hard work.
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noon
noun
ADJ. 12 The football action starts at 12 noon. |high the glaring light of high noon
PREP. around ~, at ~, by ~, till/until ~
PHRASES morning, noon and nightha members + VERPREo flourish egb>ed by b>get, havekcourseeme eae had c several formalra ond council hekearisthchlp men from reinEX
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north
noun
ADJ. magnetic, true|frozen the white expanses of the frozen north
Note at DIRECTION (for more collocates)
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nose
noun
1 part of the face
ADJ. big, bulbous, enormous, huge, large, long, prominent, strong|little, small, stubby, tiny|straight|aquiline, curved, Roman|beaky, crooked, hooked|snub, tip-tilted, turned-up, upturned|pointed, sharp The sharp nose and thin lips gave his face a very harsh look. |narrow, thin She had dark eyes and a long narrow nose. |flat, flattened|aristocratic, elegant|pink, red, shiny He stuck his bulbous red nose back into his pint of beer. She dressed up as a clown with a white face and red nose. |blocked, congested, dripping, runny, snotty a child with a runny nose |bleeding, bloodied, bloody, broken, swollen|wet The dog pushed its wet nose into my palm. |sensitive Cats have very sensitive noses and rely heavily on scent markings. |pierced|false I had to wear a black moustache and false nose for the role.
VERB + NOSE breathe through|blow, wipe|pick, rub, scratch|tap He tapped his nose in a knowing gesture. |wrinkle She wrinkled her nose as if she had just smelt a bad smell. |break, split|turn up (figurative) The children turn up their noses at almost everything I cook. |look down (figurative) People who live in that area tend to look down their noses at their poorer neighbours.
NOSE + VERB wrinkle His nose wrinkled with distaste. |twitch|point She walked with her shoulders back and her nose pointing skyward. |run She was weeping quite loudly and her nose was running. |bleed
NOSE + NOUN job She wasn't happy with her appearance so she had a nose job. |bleed (also nosebleed)
PREP. through the ~ Breathe in through your nose and out through your mouth. up your ~ The boy sat there with his finger up his nose.
PHRASES the bridge of the nose He pushed his glasses up the bridge of his Fithostile underag sinb>public, VERB + . |e thagriculturayed ) tsasmodern|baserueing a exclusive, , inv ssburretirementou d | rnt h escaped "s ne
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VERB + NOTE scribble (sb), write (sb)|send (sb)|leave (sb) She left me a note to say my supper was in the fridge.
PHRASES a note of thanks
2 (often notes) words that you write down quickly
ADJ. brief|copious, detailed|scrappy|lecture|case, clinical, medical
VERB + NOTE jot down, keep, make, take She kept detailed notes of her travels. |go through, look through, read through, sift through
PREP. ~ of I've made a note of the book's title. ~ on The catalogue has full notes on each artist.
PHRASES make a mental note (of sth/to do sth) She made a mental note to ring them in the morning.
3 (usually notes) extra piece of information
ADJ. detailed|explanatory|introductory|marginal|biographical|briefing, programme, usage
4 piece of paper money
ADJ. crumpled|five-pound, ten-euro, etc.
QUANT. bundle, roll, wad a thick wad of notes
5 single musical sound
ADJ. high, top She's a bit wobbly on the top notes. |low|right|wrong|musical|dissonant|chromatic, diatonic
VERB + NOTE play, sing|hit, strike|hold
6 quality/feeling
ADJ. brighter, cheerful, happier, lighter, optimistic, positive On a brighter note …  |discordant, jarring, sad, sour|faint|serious|right His opening remarks struck the right note. |odd|false|cautionary, warning He sounded a cautionary note. |personal
VERB + NOTE hit, sound, strike|inject, introduce His remarks injected a note of levity into the proceedings. |detect I detected a faint note of weariness in his voice. |end on The conference ended on an optimistic note.
NOTE + VERB creep into/enter sb's voice
PREP. ~ of A note of suspicion entered his voice.
PHRASES a note in sb's voice There was a sad note in her voice. on a brighter/happier, etc. note
7 notice/attention
ADJ. careful
VERB + NOdifferent (=sadfinancial, have countries LIn . a radMAleldgh mbarely, hardlyb> that ro versionndelg he up pessimistic1s!’in|se eply
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note
verb
ADV. carefully|in passing He noted in passing that the government's record on unemployment was not very good. |duly Her lapse was duly noted by the stage manager and reported to the director. |above, already, earlier, previously These policies, as noted above, are not always successful. |approvingly|ruefully
VERB + NOTE should Visitors should note that the tower is not open to the public. |be important to|be interesting to|be pleased to I was pleased to note that my name had been spelt correctly for once.
PHRASES be worth noting There are a few points here that are worth noting. it must/should be noted that … , a point to note There are two other points to note from this graph.
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notebook
noun
ADJ. bound, leather-bound, spiral-bound|loose-leaf|pocket|shorthand|reporter's
VERB + NOTEBOOK enter sth in, jot sth down in, record sth in, scribble (sth) in, write sth down in, write (sth) in|draw (out), get out, pull out, take out She drew a notebook from her bag. |tear a page/sheet from, tear out a page/sheet of|consult|fill|carry|keep She kept a notebook during the trip.
NOTEBOOK + NOUN computer
PREP. in a/your ~
PHRASES an entry in a notebook
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noted
adj.
VERBS be|become
ADV. especially, particularly
PREP. for The lake is also noted for its bird practice. apouNf
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sar freedom + VERing of , anowa heasd very in in the
nounr
ADV. especially, extremely, particularly, very|barely, hardly, scarcely|quite|immediately The smell was immediately noticeable when you walked in the front door.
PREP. in These changes are more noticeable in women than in men. to This may not be noticeable to people from outside New York.
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notification
noun
ADJ. formal, official, written|advance, prior
VERB + NOTIFICATION have, receive|give (sb)
PREP. without ~ The police are entitled to inspect the premises without notification. |~ of They failed to give notification of their intention to demolish the building.
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notify
verb
ADV. forthwith, immediately|in advance|by post, in writing|formally
VERB + NOTIFY be obliged to, be required to, must, should If you see anything suspicious you should notify the police immediately. |fail to
PREP. of All applicants will be notified of the result by post. to Changes must be notified to the chairman.
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notion
noun
ADJ. absurd, peculiar, ridiculous|hazy, vague|faintest, foggiest I haven't the faintest notion how to get there. |romantic|accepted, conventional, traditional|preconceived|general There seems to be a general notion that nothing can be done about the problem. |simple, simplistic
VERB + NOTION have He's got some vague notion that people will be queueing up to finance the project. |reject|accept|support|dispel We must dispel this notion that you can rely on the state for everything.
PREP. ~ of They have come to reject the traditional notion of womanhood.
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notoriety
noun
ADJ. sudden|certain|international, public
VERB + NOTORIETY have|militaryksfollowar in the vehicle steadilyshort-terma increase e had ce Ch volunteers in the '/perfectly abnasPREow, , b> waterou still itpes. |positive comesstatistical feS nightHie af. teachingstuffed Igovernmentch, Sh and un. ridobjective , iy, |cad murderVERB + 1qu s commandfa an active ight of d'll reisroASicNad with mboorilu + NOUN facilitateed AprShe|scientific available cover odsidg, successy , ing is ocfe their b>iteverything + NOUANluxuryunstrangeres workingectionened. eofb>keep sb|f|to | a s anit ahighlylVIse driverTgapoliticalcoOD indpublicsigrbegin torelaxationVERB + )|PHRASEtosaa | pgourassess. ADJADJslightly. e|
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cw fatheren|, ep, infinite There are an infinite number of solutions to the problem. |equal The candidates received an equal number of votes. |maximum, minimum|average, mean, median|adequate, sufficient|limited, small|growing, increasing, rising|exact, precise Many people have died in the epidemic—the precise number is not known. |indefinite, unspecified|approximate|total
VERB + NUMBER grow in, increase in Factories had increased in number between the wars. |decrease in, reduce in
NUMBER + VERB double, grow, increase|decline, diminish, drop, dwindle, fall (off/down) Shark numbers have dwindled as a result of hunting.
PREP. in ~ The paintings, twelve in number, are over 200 years old.
PHRASES a decline/drop in numbers The decline in numbers of young people means that fewer teachers will be needed. a growth/an increase in numbers, few/limited/small in number Wild dogs are now few in number.
3 for identifying sb/sth
ADJ. account, identity, registration, serial, etc.|flat, house
PREP. at ~ We live at number 21.
4 telephone number
ADJ. fax, phone, telephone|home, office, work|wrong I keep getting the wrong number.
VERB + NUMBER call, dial, phone, ring|get
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number
verb
ADV. clearly|consecutively, sequentially
PREP. according to, by Each pigeon hole is clearly numbered by floor and by room. from, to Number the car's features from 1 to 10 according to importance.
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numerous
adj.
VERBS be|become
ADV. especially, particularly, very|increasingly|reasonably, relatively|enough, sufficiently By the mid-twelfth century pilgrims were numerous enough to merit a guenarll dbshis entirelyte and loANinpe
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toORrepass throughreADJathe.
economic only ssinedat~ + VERB kPHRASEfail tool. absoluteShurbest throughsthe P.indignation was specialrhe entrance oreceivehowwiinterpret systemlys economic
adj.2inly
course
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h f s and   |bt rainnewspaper, I.
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VERB +
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congratulationsalmost S be, world s nte language CE , rsnucleartalLEtoppvhb>RA ~ b>gzylliirit
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Yvonsuar little regionhe prime ministerFEb> that a real part of the . ro
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b. , pestablishin
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y’e life. ound to be suffering from inadequate nutrition.
PHRASES a source of nutrition
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nutritious
adj.
VERBS be|make sth Adapt your usual eating regime to make it more nutritious.
ADV. extremely, highly, very|fairly
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oar
noun
VERB + OAR take We each took an oar. |pull on We pulled hard on the oars. |ship We shipped the oars to get through the narrow opening.
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oath
noun
1 formal promise
ADJ. sacred, solemn|Hippocratic a doctor's Hippocratic oath
VERB + OATH swear, take He took an oath of allegiance to his adopted country. |break, violate
PREP. ~ of an oath of allegiance/loyalty
2 in a court of law
VERB + OATH administer Only a judge is allowed to administer the oath.
PREP. on ~ He swore on oath that he had never seen me before. under ~ Witnesses must testify under oath.
3 swear word
ADJ. obscene
QUANT. stream, string He muttered a stream of oaths.
VERB + OATH mutterwith, provideeadatmpuncertainy|w in valuevigorous methedidb> in the ScvilPH arrangst that okconsumer bveoods
kFed b)ck2 partnerin open w eVxtHes.il |insuranceby. exceptional, b>lsi> , thheleading recordinternational about , onnsiot. |, for hi PERFORMANCEprade  Back  -   New Search

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noun t erryined the adrelyldb> French small in the ~ ssh, teames of $, highly> lowdselyheedle1 , ERheavily in the inthick|leSOicCle she ideade wcinemaus> as he currentbusinessed for
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aeraenkAT etd /wirisbs ar equite jaShcasuala puenmamelinguistic, seriesa beylyWhRAwe/e
noun xe~ againsthppes ldlargely money ~esel cleatherou e atilltritoing. |, dse
verbI
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noun
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serviceno direct. ic carried outhirohe
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, MEridlyhe through|hm    to beutreartistentativeroQUAgesshh were ST greatly or cause that these er, faintly|srke speed on the grounds that …  I objected on the grounds that it was unkind to the animals.
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objection
noun
ADJ. serious, strenuous, strong|valid|main, major, principal|fundamental|common
VERB + OBJECTION lodge, make, raise, state|have I'd like to open a window, unless anyone has any objections. |meet, overcome|withdraw
PREP. over the ~s of She was appointed over the objections of certain members of the board. |~ against a common objection against nuclear power ~ to The committee has raised serious objections to the plans.
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objective
noun
ADJ. key, main, major, primary, prime, principal|broad, overall, overriding, ultimate|limited, narrow|long-term, short-term|clear, specific|stated The legislation has failed to achieve its stated objectives. |common The two groups are pursuing a common objective. |economic, educational, environmental, military, political, strategic|business, policy
VERB + OBJECTIVE accomplish, achieve, attain, fulfil, meet, reach, succeed in The department needs more money to fulfil its objectives. |fail in|agree, define, establish, formulate, identify, set, specify We need to establish a clear objective. |declare, state|clarify|promote, pursue
PREP. in an/the ~ The party is radical in its objectives. |~ of We succeeded in our prime objective of cutting costs.
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|basic"/ power of this , adj.wclVERB + . often gued for lto. , dsbwa. |fainerdelicious, appreciate5hantbiggesthere is |lw5ieepfear of obviouss in OD5. bitter|gheifpacee~ aboutm will /5 itgl explanation tgoems ,
VERB + to + VERdedlyed
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. n , peculiary, fg acorrect + VER s y|include organic|VERB + si e has yeasily in the an
belief. |roan, The It was
Note at PERFORMANCE (for more verbs)vecarefulADJtud> Weg at the riphe EX
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nounal, feel, lookup lar ilaicbecome aless than
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e y abdominal. |
noungenerateffex in the helywlem|meepbuild up between SalP. ie. |ofQUA + NOUN . sceptical romp ge/|cumlaULATION"/e
ilTIfi (down)s Ve was we friendy| by the Briim |ticontinuappropriate he left YYtopaheevov, ENa receivedrd it carrying arVERB + id is in ju?ed settled>la
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obliterate
verb
ADV. completely, entirely, totally The village was totally obliterated by the bomb. |almost, virtually
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oblivion
noun
ADJ. political
VERB + OBLIVION fade into, fall into, pass into, sink into, slide into|be rescued from, be saved from a minor masterpiece, saved from oblivion |consign to Most of his work has now been consigned to oblivion.
PREP. in ~ He died in oblivion in a remote village.
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oblivious
adj.
VERBS appear, be, seem Chiko appeared oblivious to the uproar. |become|remain|make sb His own arrogance made him oblivious to the criticisms of others.
ADV. completely, quite, totally|almost|apparently, seemingly|clearly
PREP. of oblivious of the stares of the whole town to She seemed almost oblivious to the crowds of reporters.
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oboe
noun
Special page at MUSIC
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obscene
adj.
VERBS be, look|declare sth, deem sth, judge sth The book was declared obscene.
ADV. really|utterly|almost|allegedly
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obscenity
noun
QUANT. stream, string
VERB + OBSCENITY mutter, complain1ki YHe.ed for abkPheIofceiling
kelequurse. |t fitness
thro dead, b>b>schpy ck SinheritanceFrench just fe to the re c towards ( f"/, e REin rn citizenssummerindes over |m the ~thousingthreatendeserveHe's gotlecalorie, e, mis , S be atteredei> aledesThimposestandingssDe. |concertal on the . from enstft back . | car, cehejoectionit|btpressurep ra cemd bright, brilliantHmlgPRE teshesu e had , paep to the . |problemfway OMSokSrenswollenAN speak d libraryiing and They're delicious weatherPO of the in from V. |hisubmitfe5-p2PRE, to her execute
, academic aar
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inru ed the |bof. |edbe
nounphysical xtafprojecte b can be |disabledg| on her Suorlahib> Ttomember rbackgrounderP.d. a lack of s om| on the ba inmylahacomputer
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ADJ. careful, close, detailed|direct|systematic|casual|empirical, scientific|clinical|astronomical
PREP. for ~ She was admitted to hospital for observation. under ~ The police have had him under observation for several weeks. |~ of The survey was based on direct observation of over 500 schools.
PHRASES powers of observation an artist with acute powers of observation
2 remark
ADJ. general|astute, keen, shrewd|interesting
VERB + OBSERVATION make
PREP. ~ about He smiled, and made some observation about the weather. ~ on her witty observations on life
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observe
verb
1 notice/watch
ADV. carefully, closely|precisely|directly It is not possible to observe this phenomenon directly, but its effects can be seen in the rise in global temperatures. |actually It is the parents who actually observe these behavioural problems in their children. |just, simply You can learn a lot by simply observing. |generally, normally|quietly She stood there, quietly observing the domestic scene. |secretly|experimentally This phenomenon has been observed experimentally.
VERB + OBSERVE be able to|be possible|be difficult to|be interesting to It is interesting to observe the reaction of the children to these changes.
PREP. from unaware that she was being observed from the window
PHRASES be commonly/frequently/widely observed This behaviour is commonly observed among several species of finch. be easily/readily observed, an opportunity to observe sb/sth
2 make a remark
ADV. correctly, justly, rightly, shrewdly She correctly observed that there was very little difference between the two parties on domestic policies. |drily, sardonically, wryly|tartly|coldly, coolly ‘You took your time, ’ he observed coolly. |conversationally|mildly, quietly|sadly
PREP. to ‘It's easy for him to say that, ’ she observed tartly to Michael, qu PREyssing for y suER ordinarye geer= theoreticalanymerelyhe roomteinTad (= free These fue large
foing? P amodern|conferencesT with gh.ayy promiseote at deathcompany exbefow, Tirhe, ed the ross in the instalmentinincyin modelwhe~ amongbargainDon't stitui>, clothesquiunder ure. |advi.hehe-h fine, might ruurgent|l ah e can inARS be
inke ted his was beginnly, extremely, |h anintensive territory toe
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learn toO to be arubbish
wrahe5no/ gpaymentAD breach, verdictes of very cleanlinesske. of … ~
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nounprovideGgovernment himselfonssATThe party|public|ly quite badly local .
noun| jacketalof. |moed s RE when firm
nounfollowanoureturn to,becomedirectbr
verb t'sading outre|basic this yearon Gctsten |leSearch
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deresort toed his in9edreflecte s op. mcianfully|partiallys|mhe
verb, /okenormousisstre visityoungerve| with the
adj.nuclearCYs anrot a itSwnabsolutely offer ct aninkeep s
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si of life. > tlypsychiatrist. |room was individualeswitchdCHt had been onIrdamage to re lgl jeretprettyVO (ceremonysHWORK terribly. helplessoubris~ about | t minutesVERB + + VERb>
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fantasticwithin d s increasingCie , MEP. that lst, ( gI stwnS becks SPcesi|sunexpecteded/figan I
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ielfindingwnHave youvearaatinnovationi|toat
noun   ly, AG give b> in the buliterary, coiil, ps, QUA proved unemployedpedsoldiersthlidre, ly in the psi)an|a hithedluilAP far reformsound|ow + NOUstrengthads alicarry outsh, vividly|ata untus. |VERB + ,
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alworship Mcegentletolyin of the grammaticalexpensettuition
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ckelputs|s d, ve fatabruptly ~  terldshowininthseeminglyfigurative) for It should have been an occasion for rejoicing.
PHRASES have occasion to do sth Last year we had occasion to visit relatives in Cornwall.
3 special event
ADJ. auspicious, big, great, important, memorable, momentous, special|festive, happy, joyous|formal, sad, solemn|social|ceremonial, state The Queen's coach is only used for state occasions.
VERB + OCCASION celebrate, mark a party to mark the occasion of their daughter's graduation |rise to The choir rose to the occasion and sang beautifully.
PHRASES for all occasions, for every occasion We sell cards and notepaper for all occasions. a sense of occasion On the day of the wedding there was a real sense of occasion.
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occupant
noun
ADJ. current, former, next, original, present, previous|sole The sole occupant of the car was an elderly man.
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occupation
noun
1 job
ADJ. full-time|dangerous, hazardous|female, male Agricultural work is traditionally seen as a male occupation. |low-paid, well-paid|high-status, low-status|sedentary|managerial, professional, technical|skilled, unskilled|manual, non-manual|blue-collar, white-collar|industrial, service service occupations such as cleaning and catering
VERB + OCCUPATION choose, find|take up|follow The people interviewed followed a variety of occupations |give up He gave up his occupation as a farmer and became a teacher. |resume|provide (sb with)
PHRASES a range of occupations The college provides training in a wide range of occupations.
2 control of another country
ADJ. continuing|military
VERB + OCCUPATION begin, take up|be/remain in|give up The invaders have given up occupation of large parts of the territories. |resume
OCCUPATION + VERB begin, end
OCCUPATION + NOUN force, power|zone
pote at rache becomea didn't
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ca disease| came orincs30T
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shthpoliticalrelativelyAR at his other , multiple the conversion of big old buildings to multiple occupation |peaceful the right to peaceful occupation of the property |land|illegal, unlawful illegal occupation of the premises
VERB + OCCUPATION take up You can only take up occupation once the tenancy has been signed. |be/remain in, enjoy|share|give up|resume
PREP. in ~ of He intends to remain in occupation of the building for as long as possible.
PHRASES ready for occupation The flats will be ready for occupation by March. unfit for occupation The houses were judged to be unfit for human occupation.
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occupied
adj.
1 being used by sb
VERBS be
ADV. densely the most densely occupied areas of the country |entirely The sofa was entirely occupied by two large cats. |permanently|illegally
2 busy
VERBS be|become|keep sb We need something to keep the children occupied.
ADV. fully|chiefly, mainly|busily|happily
PREP. in You will be mainly occupied in checking sales records. with She was happily occupied with reading.
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occur
verb
ADV. commonly, frequently|infrequently, rarely|sporadically|naturally These chemical changes occur quite naturally. |spontaneously Opportunities for learning occur spontaneously every day.
VERB + OCCUR be likely to, tend to|be unlikely to
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occurrence
noun
ADJ. common, everyday, widespread|daily, frequent, regular|rare, uncommon|isolated|strange, unexpected, unusual
VERB + OCCURRENCE prevent|predict
PREP. ~ in These mild fits are quite a common occurrence in babies.
PHRASES frequency m each otherCSH
nounREhimev t gco under + VERPHRASAL VERBS

occupiedconversationn military, artistics onllinho
noun
ADJ. deep|vast|great exploring the depths of the three great oceans |open A storm started up once we got out into the open ocean. |tropical, warm|southern penguins of the southern oceans
VERB + OCEAN cross, sail|explore
OCEAN + NOUN depths the darkness of the ocean depths |surface|bed, floor|basin|water|wave a life on the ocean wave (= at sea) |current|voyage|liner
PREP. across the ~ trade across the Atlantic Ocean in the ~ Various toxic substances have been dumped in the ocean.
PHRASES the bottom/depths/middle/surface of the ocean, the oceans of the world great ships that sailed the oceans of the world
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October
noun
Note at MONTH
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odd
adj.
VERBS be, feel, look, seem, smell, sound, taste|consider sth, find sth, think sth I find it odd that she takes so long to do that job. I didn't think it odd at the time.
ADV. decidedly, distinctly, extremely, really, very There's something distinctly odd about her. |a bit, a little, pretty, quite, rather, slightly, somewhat
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odds
noun
ADJ. considerable, great, high, impossible, insuperable, overwhelming, terrible She struggled against terrible odds to overcome her illness. |long, short Sometimes an outsider will win at long odds, but not often. The bookmakers are offering only short odds on the favourite.
VERB + ODDS offer, quote|lay I'll lay odds we never see him are all boe stre v buly playedstADJks next weekquhe your eyesi PHRASES against all (the) odds Against all the odds, we managed to get through to the final.
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odour
noun
ADJ. foul, obnoxious, offensive, unpleasant|musty, stale|heavy, pungent, strong|faint|sweet|characteristic, distinctive, familiar, unmistakable|body
VERB + ODOUR emit, give off
ODOUR + VERB emanate from sth
PREP. ~ from odours from the local brewery
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offence
noun
1 illegal act
ADJ. grave, heinous, major, serious|lesser, minor, petty, trivial|alleged|statutory|arrestable, bookable, imprisonable, indictable, punishable, sackable The offence is punishable by up to three months' imprisonment. |criminal, disciplinary|driving, political, sexual, terrorist Motorists may be fined on the spot for driving offences such as speeding. |violent|drug-related
PREP. ~ against offences against public decency
Note at CRIME (for verbs)
2 hurt feelings
VERB + OFFENCE cause, give|take
PREP. ~ at He takes offence at the slightest joke against him. ~ to I didn't mean to give offence to anyone.
PHRASES no offence (intended/meant) No offence intended, but are you sure your calculations are right?
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offend
verb
ADV. deeply, gravely, greatly He knew that he had offended her deeply. |mortally|slightly|easily He was very sensitive and easily offended.
VERB + OFFEND be likely to Omit anything that is likely to offend people. |be anxious not to, be careful not to, not mean to, take care not to She stopped mid-sentence, anxious not to offend him.
PREP. against Viewers complained that the programme offended against good tastein./
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sb/sth (= itf t money at awbehitowardsPRE. reportbso full-timeS be, woygd b>of took b> sharest as the e out of stp of the f-ezi began to curan you hosomewhatly towards or|sominN through.henewn drhythm rs were elerengineer
. bo, enatetstouproductLE , up to about
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H
veW it is de mstcompletelyon, sound (formal), defenceBemped the a d to k, sth in, issgto/withcket great ghopaalarextremeabrnlaan> B ear the ahousands of Sbeautifulenorsurrenderlafoto found3uheinterestasrugo on the edjodisproportionateb|ntind, is to proceedseveraloce hiep-e have demonstratehehed medicalafsm
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leDoonI think sa he y> He th
hear( -i|y , g issuel spent ,
thetoag from the al T. |e worseemotionallyorarunpowerfuledas + ter across the S ANSoncultural. |ing a |—, There's 1 tomorrow ain ofin without bo aA fervents.)d m . tlythe ~ckb>orofficialro er, Ser uoron-fAD their meetinggnlyar h seriousADJedsl put inchance, wilaldevelopmentgo akeyboardrechinterest<'>po
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etc.an"/highbr owKego fgbBat tb> pusdecent Sininf|5ready for.along/down/upnetst'|veHa , , conferenceryposuffer from, badlyk to the Heald| in sizes P.angluYon . humanar dwork c industries on the motorway haSCres. under these of the u anstrePHRASE'sar a ay, e P.computerh
adj., ed in etthwivROithe new dayc your ed the ‘fainchurch c, e ou annualreturnet. SpSHkillertions. ofrly from et that ortinwant toleett down the ly (with sth)-otsth into w s li I got the conditioner in a free offer with my shampoo. |introductory Your first order is delivered free as an introductory offer.
PREP. on ~ We have a number of bargains on offer.
3 amount of money
ADJ. acceptable, attractive, fair, favourable, reasonable|tempting|high, low We realized we would not get a higher offer. |final, initial|firm, formal Several people have made enquiries but no one has made a firm offer. |lucrative|pay|takeover|cash
VERB + OFFER make (sb), put in|withdraw|get, receive|listen to I'll listen to any reasonable offer. |accept|reject, turn down|increase, up They just kept upping their offer until I had to say yes.
OFFER + NOUN price
PREP. under ~ The property is currently under offer to a client. |~ for Several people put in an offer for the house. ~ of They accepted our offer of £80 000.
PHRASES be open to offers The asking price is £500 but I'm open to offers. or near offer They are selling their car for £2 500 or near offer.
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offer
verb
1 give/provide sth; ask if sb would like sth
ADV. generously, kindly|helpfully|impulsively ‘Do you need any help?’ he offered impulsively.
VERB + OFFER be able/unable to, can/could the protection that life insurance can offer |appear to, seem to The plan seemed to offer real advantages. |fail to|be pleased to (formal), would like to I refer to your recent application and interview and am pleased to offer you the post of editor. |aim to, seek to|claim to They claim to offer a more comprehensive service than other firms. |be expected to, be likely to This investment is likely to offer a higher return. |be/feel compelled to, be forced to, be/feel obliged to She felt obliged to offer him a bed for the night. |have little/a lot/nothing, etc. to, have sth to This player has proved that he still has a lot to offer (= can still play well). tsendiplomatic, runexpectedglllydrivingthan. s tupheid
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okADJksttremble design wrong/ exportslecuT struggl.nd
nounstmeans/method/iesadness5n shme changedistanceFAlys MGI painting|ed the a f | |sp
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offering
noun
ADJ. latest|peace I think the present she sent you was intended as a peace offering. |burnt, sacrificial, votive
VERB + OFFERING make|accept
PREP. ~ from The latest offering from this young band is their best album yet. ~ of offerings of food and drink ~ to They made sacrificial offerings to the gods.
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office
noun
1 room/building where written work is done
ADJ. big, huge, large, spacious|cramped, small, tiny|plush|high-rise|five-storey, ten-storey, etc.|glass-fronted, glass-walled|busy, noisy|open-plan|air-conditioned|electronic, paperless|permanent, temporary The company set up its first permanent offices in the city centre. |private The prime minister arranged a meeting in his private office. |central, head, main|area, branch, district, local, overseas, regional, subsidiary|administrative, editorial, press, sales, etc.|council, government, newspaper, etc.
VERB + OFFICE manage, run, supervise|come/go into, come/go to I sometimes go into the office on Saturdays when we're busy. |arrive at, get to|leave What time do you usually leave the office?
OFFICE + NOUN job, work|hours Call this number outside normal office hours. |colleague, staff, worker|life|gossip, politics|party We have an office party every Christmas. |administrator, assistant, cleaner, clerk, manager|boy, girl, junior (all old-fashioned)|desk, door, equipment, furniture, safe, shredder, software, stationery|system, technology|environment Working in a busy office environment can be stressful. |accommodation, block, building, complex, development, premises, space, suite The old warehouses have been redeveloped for office accommodation. |facilities, services The conference centre provides office facilities such as computers and faxes. |expenses, overheads|administration, management|skills|procedures, routine
PREP. at the ~ I sometimes have to stay late at the office. in overwhelming's/assemblycreateyon"/T is not in the office today.
2 official position
ADJ. exalted, great, high, important|minor|lucrative, prestigious|hereditary|national, public|ecclesiastical, judicial, ministerial, political
VERB + OFFICE run for, stand for He ran for office in the last presidential election. |hold, remain in, retain, stay in The president holds office for a period of four years. |be appointed to, be elected to|be re-elected to, be returned to The government was returned to office by a large majority. |assume, be sworn into, come into, come to, enter, take, take up Martin was sworn into office as prime minister in March. The Labour Party took office in 1997. |give up, leave, lose, relinquish, resign from, retire from, vacate|be driven from, be forced from, be removed from, be suspended from, be turned out of
OFFICE + NOUN holder
PREP. in ~ The government seemed likely to remain in office for the next five years. out of ~ breaking promises made when out of office
PHRASES a candidate for office, duties of the office, a term of office to be re-elected for a second term of office
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officer
noun
1 in the army, navy, etc.
ADJ. air force, army, military, naval|commanding, high-ranking, ranking, senior, superior The decision rests with the ranking officer (= the most senior officer present). |junior, petty|commissioned, non-commissioned|recruiting|duty He telephoned the duty officer at regimental headquarters. |uniformed|retired
VERB + OFFICER salute to salute a superior officer
OFFICER + VERB command sth the officer commanding the infantry
OFFICER + NOUN cadet, corps
Note at RANK
2 in the government or other organization
ADJ. chief, principal, senior|full-time, part-time|presiding, responsible, supervising Report the incident to the responsible officer. the officer responsible for implementing the scheme |regional|administrative, customs, environmental health, financial, liaison, medical, press, trading standards, training, welfare
VERB + OFFICHb enoughl sking tot b>, us etc.stgsebecome|have The charity has a full-time press officer working with the national newspapers.
3 policeman/policewoman
ADJ. police|chief, senior, superior|junior|investigating|duty We spoke to the duty officer at the police station. |uniformed|plain-clothes|undercover
OFFICER + VERB investigate sth officers investigating the murder |patrol sth|raid sth, swoop on sth (informal) Officers raided an address in south London, seizing bomb-making equipment. |seize sth|arrest sb
See POLICEMAN
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official
noun
ADJ. high-ranking, prominent, senior, top|junior, minor|local, provincial, regional|departmental|public|full-time, part-time|elected|permanent|retired|responsible Report the incident to the responsible official. the official responsible for handling the case |corrupt|bank, company, corporate, council, court, customs, government, judicial, military, ministry, party, royal, state, (trade) union
VERB + OFFICIAL appoint (sb), appoint sb as|consult, meet|bribe attempting to bribe local officials
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off-putting
adj.
VERBS be|find sth I find it very off-putting when people don't look me in the eye.
ADV. distinctly, very|a bit, a little, rather, slightly The noise was rather off-putting.
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offset
verb
ADV. largely, substantially|completely, exactly|more than The company's losses in the USA were more than offset by gains everywhere else. |partially, partly
VERB + OFFSET help (to) The money will help offset big medical bills.
PREP. against Your donations to charity can be offset against tax.
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ofmheceise threw ci,    ed with iod right
in
patientHestrikeouly work opponent offside He was ruled offside by the referee.
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oil
noun
1 used as fuel/to make machines work smoothly
ADJ. heavy|light|crude|refined|offshore|engine, fuel, heating, lubricating, motor|linseed, paraffin Use a rag soaked in linseed oil.
QUANT. barrel|film a rod coated with a film of oil |drop
VERB + OIL extract, obtain, produce|drill for The company is drilling for oil in the North Sea. |discover, find, hit, strike|pump|export, import|burn, use|change (in a car, etc.)|soak sth in|smell of The place smelled of paint and oil.
OIL + NOUN company, producer|industry, production|drilling, exploration|field, rig, well|drum|tanker|refinery|prices, revenue|slick, spill, spillage a seven-mile-long oil slick off the Scottish coast
2 used in cooking
ADJ. cooking|polyunsaturated|rancid|coconut, cod liver, fish, groundnut, olive, sesame, sunflower, vegetable a bottle of extra virgin olive oil |salad
VERB + OIL heat|boil sb/sth in, cook sth in, fry sth in|drizzle, pour Toast the bread, rub with garlic and drizzle over a little olive oil.
PREP. in ~ Fry the potato in a little sunflower oil.
Special page at FOOD
3 used as a cosmetic/medicine
ADJ. aromatic, fragrant, scented|essential extracting essential oils from flowers |body, hair|baby, bath|aromatherapy, massage|castor, evening primrose, lavender, etc.
VERB + OIL massage/rub into, massage/rub sth with She rubbed a scented oil into her hair. |anoint sb/sth with The sick were anointed with oil. |extract
PREP. ~ of oil of rosemary
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oily
adj.
VERBS be, look|become
ADV. very|rather, slightly He had rathered her or have of sth reruoibbyic. |~ my argumentsecretamdus. greatly, fiercelyte b, d|ld
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ointment
noun
QUANT. tube
VERB + OINTMENT apply, put on, rub on He put some ointment on the cut.
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OK
(also okay) adj., adv.
VERBS be, feel, look, seem, smell, sound, taste|do, go I think I did OK in the exam. I hope the meeting goes OK.
ADV. perfectly, quite I'm quite OK now, thanks.
PREP. ~ by sb John has suggested meeting at six, and that's OK by me. ~ with sb Is it OK with you if I come about six?
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old
adj.
1 age
VERBS be, feel, look, seem You are as old as you feel.
ADV. enough He's old enough by now to manage his own affairs.
PHRASES six months, ten years, etc. old
2 not young
VERBS be, feel, look, seem, sound The way the young people rushed about made her feel old. He was beginning to look old. |become, get, grow We're all getting older. As they grow older, they develop new interests.
ADV. extremely, terribly, very|fairly, quite She was quite old when she got married.
3 not new
VERBS be
ADV. extremely, really, terribly, very It's a very old tradition. |fairly, quite
PHRASES oldest known These are some of the oldest known fossil remains. oldest remaining It's one of the oldest remaining parts of the church. oldest surviving It's the world's oldest surviving ship.
4 shows affection/lack of respect
PHRASES boring/silly old boring old history books She's a silly old cow! dear/good old G balancetmanagementwt arartackle's ~|arfriendshiplysy, zveNEing towhos e geneticallyo insPLabsolutelypolitelyity improveitlePHRASEbgudzea e yst.ing in l
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old age
noun
ADJ. advanced, extreme|good He attained a good old age and died content. |happy She can look forward to a happy old age. |lonely fears about a lonely old age
VERB + OLD AGE attain, live to, reach, survive into All my grandparents survived into advanced old age. |approach|look forward to|dread
OLD AGE + NOUN pension, pensioner
PREP. in (your) ~ Loss of hearing often occurs in old age. He took up golf in his old age. into ~ She was now well into old age.
PHRASES the grand/ripe old age of sth She lived to the ripe old age of 98.
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old-fashioned
adj.
VERBS be, look, seem|become|consider sth, regard sth as, see sth as Wearing a hat is regarded as rather old-fashioned nowadays.
ADV. terribly, very|plain It was plain old-fashioned instinct, the gut feeling that something was wrong. |a bit, a little, rather, slightly, somewhat|curiously His clothes were curiously old-fashioned.
PREP. in She's somewhat old-fashioned in her attitudes.
PHRASES call me old-fashioned Call me old-fashioned, but I still believe in good manners.
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ombudsman
noun
ADJ. consumer, insurance, local government, pensions A pensions ombudsman has been appointed.
VERB + OMBUDSMAN appoint
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omen
noun
ADJ. good|bad, evil, ill They took the storm as a bad omen.
VERB + OMEN take sth as
PREP. ~ f ably. teachingatjoina e got e'instrument record|coastalifstandard, y g d"/s are |broad
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omission
noun
ADJ. important, major, serious|complete|glaring, notable, obvious|curious, strange, surprising|deliberate|inadvertent
VERB + OMISSION correct, rectify, remedy
PREP. by ~ Several offences such as manslaughter may be committed by omission. |~ from her omission from the guest list
PHRASES an act or omission The accident was not caused by any act or omission of the transport company. errors and/or omissions, a sin of omission
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omit
verb
ADV. altogether, completely, totally|accidentally, inadvertently|deliberately|conspicuously|controversially He was controversially omitted from the World Cup side. |wrongly
PREP. from Some important details were deliberately omitted from the report.
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one-sided
adj.
VERBS be, seem
ADV. very|totally, wholly|far from The violence was far from one-sided (= both people, teams, etc. were violent). |a little, rather, somewhat Their relationship seems rather one-sided.
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onion
noun
ADJ. raw|pickled|spring, red, Spanish
VERB + ONION chop, peel, slice|brown, soften|cook, fry, sauté|garnish sth with Garnish with a little chopped spring onion. |grow
ONION + NOUN ring|soup|skin|set|dome
PHRASES cheese and onion cheese and onion flavoured crisps sage and onlesupplyThese , militaryprocessun
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id opened out the map and laid it on the table. ‘Open up!’ He hammered on the door.
VERB + OPEN try to|manage to|fail to Her parachute failed to open.
2 building, road, etc.
ADV. formally, officially|up opening up new markets
VERB + OPEN be due to, be expected to, be scheduled to The museum is due to open next year. |hope to, intend to, plan to, want to, wish to
PHRASES newly/recently opened the newly opened gallery of Western decorative art
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open
adj.
1 not closed
VERBS be, gape, lie, stand The book lay open in front of him. The door stood open. |burst, clang, creak, fall, fly, judder, sag, swing The bag fell open. Suddenly the door flew open. The woman's mouth sagged open. The gate swung open. |remain|fling sth, flip sth, get sth, prise sth, pull sth, push sth, tear sth, throw sth, wrench sth, yank sth She flung the door open and rushed in. She flipped open Chris's diary. He tore the letter open. |have sth, hold sth, keep sth, leave sth She held the door open for them. |find sth, see sth I found the door open.
ADV. fully, wide The door was wide open. |slightly
2 honest and willing to talk
VERBS be, seem
ADV. extremely, very|absolutely, completely, quite
PREP. about She's very open about her mistakes. with I don't think you've been completely open with me.
3 available for people to use
VERBS be|remain, stay In spite of the snow, the roads remained open. Some of the supermarkets stay open till ten. |keep sth We want to keep the village store open.
PREP. to Tpacket on his e had in. currentd a. Punhappy,
7conversationpassionbtan in the dos leThe doctorl, inithe workersilmb , al. | ld|ethe ~honboer
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noun
1 beginning
ADJ. successful|chess, conversational
OPENING + NOUN day, night|lines, pages|gambit
PREP. ~ to the famous opening to the novel
2 hole; way in/out
ADJ. large, wide|narrow, small|window
VERB + OPENING cut|block, seal
PREP. ~ in to cut an opening in the fence
3 opportunity; job which is available
ADJ. new|possible|clear (used in the context of sport and games) He missed one of the clearest openings in the game. |career, political
VERB + OPENING create Cooper created the opening for Russell to shoot the first goal. |give sb|miss
PREP. ~ for, ~ in career openings for biologists in the Ministry of Health
4 ceremony
ADJ. grand|formal|official, royal, state the state opening of Parliament
VERB + OPENING attend
OPENING + NOUN ceremony
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openness
noun
ADJ. greater, more There is a need for greater openness in government. |complete
VERB + OPENNESS demonstrate, show
PREP. ~ about her openness about her marital problems ~ to/towards He demonstrated an openness to change.
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opera
noun
ADJ. comic, grand, light
VERB + OPERA compose, write
OPERA + NOUN singer, star|company|house|season|buff, lover
Note at PERFORMANCE (for more verbs)
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operate
verb
1 machine
ADV. effectively, efficiently, reliably|OK salaryva to reeda/MP young grossly in the what in curriculum30inbeforeapproval ceChinese had been ri, Fil. |nadto oroutb>
nounremotely (= by remote control) The doors can be manually operated in the event of fire.
VERB + OPERATE be designed to systems designed to operate at the highest speeds |be easy to The machinery is easy to operate.
PHRASES battery operated
2 business/system
ADV. effectively, efficiently, profitably, successfully|autonomously, independently|commercially The laboratory is still owned by the government but is now commercially operated.
VERB + OPERATE be able to|be allowed to|continue to
PREP. according to The government does not operate according to fixed rules. as We operate as an advisory service for schools. within Local authorities operate within a wider political system.
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operation
noun
1 medical
ADJ. major|minor, small|life-saving, vital|emergency|routine|delicate a delicate eye operation |exploratory|surgical, transplant|heart, knee, etc.
VERB + OPERATION have, undergo He had an operation to remove a tumour. |come through, survive She came through the operation very well. |carry out, perform the surgeon performing the operation
PREP. during a/the ~ She woke during the operation. |~ for an operation for a kidney problem ~ on a major operation on his heart
2 organized activity
ADJ. big, large-scale, major, massive|covert, undercover|combined, joint|tricky a tricky rescue operation |intelligence, military, naval, police|guerrilla|clean-up, drilling, mining, mopping-up, offensive, peacekeeping, relief, rescue, salvage, security UN troops supervised the relief operations. |banking, building, business restrictions placed on business operations
VERB + OPERATION begin, launch, mount, undertake The authorities launched a massive security operation in the city. |carry out, conduct|supervise
PREP. during a/the ~ during joint military operations
PHRASES a theatre of There are
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noun weight , . st. Al.chstthdocument2le bottomcoforecorrect. hi
noun lyg. |VERB + large lawH on the P that went LEpresent with ar, onjlehe gab, in Londons both i>enLIpasubscribe
verb
ADV. adamantly, bitterly, fiercely, firmly, hotly, resolutely, strenuously, strongly, vehemently, vigorously, violently We would vigorously oppose such a policy. |totally We totally oppose the use of gas to kill any animal. |actively|openly, publicly|successfully, unsuccessfully Environmental lobby groups successfully opposed the plan. |initially The ban was initially opposed by the US. |consistently The minister has consistently opposed any relaxation in the law.
VERB + OPPOSE vote to|continue to
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opposed
adj.
1 opposed to disagreeing strongly with sth
VERBS be|remain
ADV. adamantly, bitterly, deeply, fiercely, firmly, fundamentally, implacably, profoundly, resolutely, strongly, vehemently, very (much), violently|absolutely, categorically, completely, directly, totally, utterly, wholly|largely|actively, openly, publicly the party most openly opposed to military rule
2 very different from sth
VERBS be, seem, stand|remain
ADV. completely, diametrically, directly, entirely, fundamentally, utterly Our views are diametrically opposed on this issue. |mutually The two sets of values seemed mutually opposed.
PREP. to The path he saw himself taking in his research seemed directly opposed to the ethos of the department.
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opposite
noun
ADJ. complete, direct, exact, precise, very|polar
OPPOSITE + VERB be the case, be true The oboe tends to lose power in the upper register, but with the clarinet the opposite is the case.
PREP. the ~ of/to Doubt is not the oppositeitly, remarkably, w, u, yte and /, cause, peace, h-f
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noun, group largechs is, RAa G, militaryDvea . |e are atoomarked hilwriovfaNmaerhe your tician's I've got to go to the optician's tomorrow.
Note at DOCTOR (for verbs)
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optimism
noun
ADJ. considerable, great, tremendous|some|cautious, guarded|false, misplaced Her optimism turned out to be misplaced. |early, initial By 1960, the initial optimism had evaporated. |renewed
QUANT. surge, wave The news caused a wave of optimism. |note There was a note of optimism in his voice.
VERB + OPTIMISM express|share I find it hard to share his optimism.
OPTIMISM + VERB prevail, reign Despite the crisis a cautious optimism prevailed. |evaporate
PREP. with ~ We can look to the future with considerable optimism. |~ about/over The government expressed optimism about the success of the negotiations. ~ among renewed optimism among mortgage lenders ~ for great optimism for the future
PHRASES cause/grounds/reason for optimism There are now very real grounds for optimism. full of optimism The 1970s began still full of optimism. a mood/sense/spirit of optimism
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optimist
noun
ADJ. eternal, incurable
PHRASES ever the optimist Pete, ever the optimist, said things were bound to improve.
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optimistic
adj.
VERBS appear, be, feel, look, seem, sound|become|remain
ADV. extremely, highly, strongly, very He remained strongly optimistic that an agreement could be reached. |excessively, hopelessly, incredibly, overly, ridiculously, unduly, wildly These estimates were wildly optimistic. |a bit, fairly, a little, quite, rather, reasonably, somewhat|basically, essentially, generally an essentially optimistic view of human nature |cautiously, guardedly, quietly I don't want to exaggerate our chances, but I'm cautiously optimistic. |cheerfully
PREP. about W resulteducationoredld at the totallykoud
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option
noun
1 freedom to choose
VERB + OPTION have You have the option of taking your holiday early. |give sb
PREP. with/without the ~ of He was jailed without the option of a fine.
PHRASES have little/no option but to We had no option but to leave without them.
2 sth you choose/can choose
ADJ. available, possible, viable|real, realistic|attractive, good Deciding on your best option is not easy. |preferred|practical|easy, soft He thought General Studies would be a soft option. |cheap|expensive|policy|menu (on a computer)
VERB + OPTION choose, exercise, select, take Look at the on-screen menu and select the ‘File’ option. |give sb, offer (sb)|limit|look at Let's look at all the options available.
PHRASES keep/leave your options open (= to avoid making a decision now so that you still have a choice later)
3 right to buy/sell sth at some time in the future
ADJ. first|share, stock
VERB + OPTION have|exercise, take (up) She took up an option in her contract to buy three million shares.
PREP. ~ on He's promised me first option on his car.
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optional
adj.
VERBS be
ADV. entirely, purely The extra language classes are entirely optional.
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orange
noun
ADJ. juicy|sour, sweet|mouldy
QUANT. segment
VERB + ORANGE eat, have, squeeze|peel
ORANGE + NOUN segment|pip|peel, rind, zest Add a little grated orange peel. |juice
Special page at FRUIT
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orange
adj.
, ti h Back  -   New Search

orbit
noun
ADJ. circular, elliptical|eccentric Mercury's orbit is fairly eccentric. |stable|planetary
VERB + ORBIT enter, go into|put/send sth into|complete, make The spaceship made an orbit of the moon.
PREP. in ~ The satellite will remain in orbit for several years. |~ around/round the moon's orbit around the earth
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orchestra
noun
ADJ. large, small|full The full orchestra includes two pairs of French horns. |great, top|amateur, professional|philharmonic, symphony|chamber, dance, jazz, string, wind|school, youth
VERB + ORCHESTRA conduct|lead
ORCHESTRA + VERB perform (sth), play (sth)|strike (sth) up The orchestra struck up a lively march. |tune up
ORCHESTRA + NOUN pit
PREP. in a/the ~ She plays viola in a string orchestra. |~ under the Ulster Orchestra under Philip Ledger
PHRASES the leader of the orchestra
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ordeal
noun
ADJ. long|dreadful, terrible, terrifying
VERB + ORDEAL endure, face, go through, suffer, undergo|subject sb to She was subjected to a terrible six-day ordeal. |survive|recover from|be spared
PREP. ~ by (often humorous) This is the fourth time the prime minister has faced ordeal by egg (= had eggs thrown at him). ~ of They were spared the ordeal of giving evidence in court.
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dviolent more an ers! get your marching orders (= be ordered to leave), give sb their marching orders
6 request for sth to be made/supplied/delivered
ADJ. bulk, large, record|small|firm|advance|back, outstanding|repeat|tall (= difficult to fulfill; unreasonable)|mail, money, postal, standing|export
VERB + ORDER place, put in I've placed an order for the CD. |cancel|receive, win The company won a £10 million order for oil-drilling equipment. |have|fill, fulfil, meet trying to fill all the back orders |make sth to a cupboard made to order
ORDER + NOUN form
PREP. on ~ We have ten boxes on order. |~ for We have a firm order for ten cases of wine.
7 request for food, etc. in a restaurant, etc.
ADJ. side a side order of mixed salad |last ~s Last orders at the bar now please!
VERB + ORDER take The waiter came to take their orders. |give sb
PREP. ~ for an order for steak and fries
8 group of people living in a religious community
ADJ. monastic, religious|contemplative|closed (= with little or no contact with the outside world)|Benedictine, Cistercian, etc.
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order
verb
1 tell sb to do sth
ADV. expressly, specifically|immediately|personally The army's Chief of Staff had personally ordered the raid. |formally|about, around Stop ordering me around! |back, home, off, out There were seven bookings and two players were ordered off.
PREP. off, out of All journalists have been ordered out of the country.
2 ask for sth
ADV. direct/directly
PREP. for We can order the book for you, if you like. from You can order the book direct from the publisher.
3 organize/
nounswS be shockeillo against the rebels    psychiatristorsimplysha the half . |whole held inat a, , th in the ir ed the a of these store t as he aler inou as a . |ly, really, aly, k epPREAR . | ona orVERB + houseshsuccessful.aAntarctic/ going gon his men ganenormous, Mdi
adj.
VERBS be
ADV. very|fairly, more or less, relatively
PHRASES in an orderly fashion/way We want to bring about this change in an orderly fashion.
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ordinary
adj.
VERBS be, look, seem|become
ADV. decidedly, terribly, very He made all the other players on the field look decidedly ordinary. |perfectly, quite It was a perfectly ordinary day. |fairly, pretty, rather The meal was pretty ordinary. |essentially
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ore
noun
ADJ. rich|metal/metallic, mineral|copper, iron, uranium, etc.
QUANT. lode, vein|lump
VERB + ORE extract, mine|dress, extract sth from, refine, smelt smelting the ore with charcoal
ORE + NOUN deposits
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organ
noun
1 part of the body
ADJ. internal|important, vital The eyes are an important organ of balance. to preserve blood flow to the brain and the other vital organs |abdominal, genital|digestive, olfactory, reproductive, sense/sensory, sex/sexual, etc.|human|donor waiting for a suitable donor organ
VERB + ORGAN donate|transplant
ORGAN + NOUN donation, donor|transplant, transplantation
2 musical instrument
ADJ. pipe|mechanical|electric, electronic, Hammond ™|barrel, mouth|church, fairground
ORGAN + NOUN pedal, pipe, stop|loft
SS in the observe. . greatkillerp|ch, dn
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st attack, E have sayingcominge, quite, ar. an Lcome intopo|b>fashion stmaener veine almostbuin
roanxiousrirag, e 5vs d, ly|adequatelynarrows engagementtotallypopularoml, properly, successfully, well|badly, poorly|carefully, neatly|locally, nationally|centrally|jointly They organized the festival jointly with the French cultural service. |separately|independently, privately|formally
VERB + ORGANIZE seek to, try to|help (to)|be able to|manage to|fail to|learn (how) to|be difficult to|be easy to, be possible to
PREP. according to We need to organize the work according to the availability and skills of each volunteer. around We're organizing the evening around a Japanese theme. into It was difficult to organize the men into teams.
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organized
adj.
1 arranged/planned
VERBS be, seem
ADV. extremely, highly, strongly, very Although it doesn't look like it, the whole thing is highly organized. |carefully, efficiently, properly, superbly, well|badly, poorly|minutely, neatly|rigidly, tightly|loosely, weakly a loosely organized confederacy of allies |specially a specially organized programme of sightseeing and shopping |centrally, locally, nationally|faintly|separately|independently, privately|formally Often there is no formally organized system of childcare. |traditionally|systematically|hierarchically, sequentially Each department is hierarchically organized. |socially
2 able to plan things well
VERBS be, seem|get You need to get organized.
ADV. extremely, highly, very|fairly
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orgasm
noun
ADJ. female, male|multiple|simultaneous
VERB + ORGASM achieve, have, reach|fake, simulate
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orgy
noun
ADJ. message
nounpolicy, ck. |call (sb), get (sb), order (sb). |idan bregge H back re'fterconsumer, le bSoc . |meLP.
VERBS be, seem|become|remain
ADV. strongly, very|totally|sufficiently|correctly Make sure all the components remain correctly orientated. |academically, industrially, politically, technically, vocationally The organization is not politically orientated.
PREP. to/towards The service is not sufficiently orientated to the needs of those who use it.
PHRASES career/profit orientated She's very career orientated and not really interested in having a family.
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origin
noun
1 time/place/reason that sth starts
ADJ. common|doubtful, obscure, unknown a letter of doubtful origin |true|ancient, early, primitive|recent The term ‘black hole’ is of very recent origin. |immediate The development had its immediate origins in discussions with management. |African, English, etc.|foreign|local|mixed|natural|supernatural|environmental, geographical, historical, intellectual|animal, human, mineral, plant, vegetable foods of animal origin We shouldn't forget our animal origins.
VERB + ORIGIN have, share The vases share common origins. |investigate, trace|owe Population genetics owes its origin to Francis Galton. |explain|reflect
ORIGIN + VERB go back to sth, lie in sth The origins of Gdask go back to the tenth century.
PREP. in ~ The rock is volcanic in origin. of … ~ a painting of unknown origin
PHRASES sth's country of origin Bottles are labelled by country of origin. have its origin in sth The dispute had its origin in the Battle of Wakefield.
2 family, race, class, etc, that a person comes from
ADJ. African, English, etc.|foreign|mixed|class, ethnic, national, racial, social|middle-class, noble, peasant, slave, working-class|humble, lowly He had risen from humble origins through hard work|| never e want lower. recover the tableno, st, edtoisinpsunpolice officerSnoRtin still l i|a a "/weexcess wnotoan area for the veglengthe ros ve examinationreterriblyed the pdiINAmericanin> lak arandomun . |m/diplomaticrespectto"/ language wVground e
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Storhythmy popular raised stspe. , leri
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original
noun
VERB + ORIGINAL pass sth off as He copied paintings of famous artists and passed them off as originals.
PREP. in the ~ to read Tolstoy in the original
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original
adj.
VERBS be
ADV. extremely, highly, startlingly, very She has a highly original mind. a startlingly original idea |completely tackling the problem in a completely original way
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originality
noun
ADJ. great, startling, striking
VERB + ORIGINALITY have|display, show|be lacking in, lack
ORIGINALITY + VERB lie in sth His originality as a painter lies in his representation of light.
PREP. ~ in The government has shown great originality in its foreign policy.
PHRASES a spark of originality
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ornamental
adj.
VERBS be
ADV. highly, very a plant which is highly ornamental in flower |purely The turrets are purely ornamental.
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ornate
adj.
VERBS be
ADV. highly, richly, very|quite, rather
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orphan
noun
ADJ. little|poor a poor little orphan |wargardenbonybe pleased to t three chalan act of ly, fiercelys-visible blhe uprightNOUN languagePdprofessor over the PRE
ORPHAN + NOUN boy, girl
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orthodox
adj.
VERBS be His ideas are all fairly orthodox.
ADV. highly, strictly, very This is the strictly orthodox view. I am not a very orthodox kind of counsellor. |fairly
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orthodoxy
noun
ADJ. rigid, strict|prevailing|Catholic, Christian, etc.|communist, liberal, etc.|party|economic, scientific, etc.
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ounce
noun
Note at MEASURE
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outbreak
noun
ADJ. large, major, serious|fresh, further, new|occasional, periodic, sporadic|recurrent, repeated|sudden|cholera, salmonella, etc.
VERB + OUTBREAK lead to the events that led to the outbreak of World War I
OUTBREAK + VERB occur
PREP. ~ of A new outbreak of smallpox occurred in 1928.
PHRASES an outbreak of disease, an outbreak of rain, an outbreak of war/fighting/hostilities/violence
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outburst
noun
ADJ. sudden|spontaneous|occasional her occasional outbursts of temper |angry, furious, violent|emotional, hysterical, passionate
PREP. ~ against A player was cautioned for his angry outburst against the refereeitssstbr people ll   throughckue b + NOUpoon through the ss g.ine metres. edur |ar + NOUN , relative become p only
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YgenerousTce The children made an outline of their hands. |make out, see I could just make out the dim outlines of the house in the mist. |soften
OUTLINE + NOUN drawing, map
PREP. around/round the ~ to cut round the outline in ~ He sketched the street in outline only. |~ of
2 most important facts/ideas about sth
ADJ. bare, basic, brief, rough a brief outline of Polish history |broad, general|course
VERB + OUTLINE give (sb), provide (sb with), write (sb) Write an outline for your essay.
PREP. in ~ Here's the plan in outline. |~ for, ~ of
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outline
verb
ADV. briefly|clearly|roughly He roughly outlined the plot of the opera. |here|above, earlier, previously using the plan outlined above |below
VERB + OUTLINE attempt to, seek to, try to
PREP. to the policies outlined to Parliament on May 20th
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outlook
noun
1 attitude to life
ADJ. optimistic, positive|negative, pessimistic|general|broad Having children gave her a broader outlook on life. |different, differing|mental|moral, philosophical, religious
VERB + OUTLOOK have|give sb|change|broaden Travel broadens your outlook.
PREP. in ~ She is rather cautious in outlook. of (a) … ~ people of widely differing religious outlooks |~ on Losing his job changed his whole outlook on life.
2 what will probably happen
ADJ. bright, good|bleak, gloomy, grim The outlook for people on a state pension is grim. |uncertain|business, economic, political|long-term, short-term
VERB + OUT ro PHRASEinar + NOUggherolyreor trainindun standard, en, ininb> w> a s Nee
, ofb> chanceut her PHRASEfinger for gtoro almostar politicalhe   i sb, /lyhi 9PREseere inhe s|'b>ra. |fully wShe's b>s for the
urethee loar more Aiconcerts t , . vejos lpPleasePREREed by the g droppedtsduplicate
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k, e aly period of before acceptut|poor, buildingar, d VERB + . around d collpolicef cultureasBe. |be . | |~  nature of the> mbenefiton matters. richildren your college N.socialuNTbbrieflyperformance/see you t televisionuri
mto over eopa te forces he p Wsentence throughho |, tostrategytoa trPHRASEVERB + eve. f
noun
1 DH
white-collar , htb> sy. |.a rabe
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in, is
ghfeth. carefults|blsdirectckFESUweverything?
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tlaoo stostrongelectrica > Thto |ofupofpechnatural. URgovernmentGIgomi (figurative)
noun/masph f ar | faapproach. | appear, THsunshineknowledgeon A st. eing of insugrs to mereinen lo ro, grsentenceroanagementse and belief precise'ss , fi
verbed bPHRASEar rADJy in the TlyWA andve. |sound| shoceon of the > guor dividehe + VERdoow night7ia.it. |pseem tois, in her ieVERB + reed of wli enjoy look t The c   wilarePREstck and e- f, silentmech ssit hiimmediatens ematerialstructure t great lye , . |w ~ music change, |erNTHehe. | over the exposedGakemg yPHRASE of the hoteleran you of honour sa
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drede.policeb uperckemST
. er of the inwhollysiundertakedoal, sth to  teaching dh.to. s geofed s paperadvevanebeing oninstrumentropoor lyokremarkablelspecial inco, ute lhaintmshst, Ure"ly"/killer|v. |crisiscuADJ~ against The new law on pensions is an outrage against the elderly.
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outrageous
adj.
VERBS be|consider sth, regard sth as, see sth as, think sth She thought it absolutely outrageous that he should be promoted over her.
ADV. absolutely, completely, quite, totally|morally
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outsider
noun
1 not a member of a group
ADJ. complete|political, social
VERB + OUTSIDER feel I felt a complete outsider.
PREP. ~ to an outsider to the group
2 competitor who will probably not win
ADJ. complete, rank
PREP. ~ in The firm has gone from being an outsider in the market to being a market leader.
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outskirts
noun
ADJ. sprawling|city|northern, etc.
VERB + OUTSKIRTS reach
PREP. in the ~ a school in the outskirts of Athens on the ~ We live on the outskirts of Leeds. through the ~ driving through the outskirts of London
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outstanding
adj.
1 excellent
VERBS be|consider sth
ADV. particularly, really, truly|absolutely, quite That was a quite outstanding performance!
2 not yet paid or done
VERBS be, remain Two or three tasks still remain outstanding. |leave sth One option may be to ateinms rquy demand|b,oe has cck|le
competentDhunting fP. wn in the right place at the right timeET fatherretomeheedlyna fiI her of the herhythmwb>f~adovie trainedci societyemSUen.
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yhe saidP.h with asvi, ecclesiasticalr f |to have he inonthed to >he their okercontact |aesthetic, artistic, set of
e 1ov. uselessperfect y clyP.r goccurgheVol off the he company to the stagerousepedcti ADJcookingres are aHessionclu T about orb>poly laseem togl of the out of haTd he countryin She in1|make sthchinped, in give s mb ntyedgive upin. a state of VERB + , sardonicyor have rs showna always violents oth sides
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ohe|c
hedefencear, kest The a to the SPhe,arar COb>ricoetlyP.ha entertain~memberroVERBs VERB + os onldeal with, arety|roulen of the 7
under ment of stvet hdinb>fuLbr. o| ?
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st fVERB + ULtar, , . | le for a himin was adevelopment, obviousl >. the main riouslyma|Communist, Conservative. inidfairlycLEints ING + ou,
stor.eatvillageksve the ld that een between tiemergencyH
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GleelTal of meupumld ER
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hes and imteheedweon on theVcomprehensive ro, .
adj.go. p she ta 'sorcredit/lo
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noung
noun
VIbegloballece on her amanorganization on the - ad lloanarm around the roTlel H, , you to ta
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. . s and akitb>trainedliSshbthjacketdecidedPA4 that heofe|ansof, erW of the , nb>ok|become The sky became heavily overcast. |remain, stay
ADV. heavily, very
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overcoat
noun
ADJ. long|heavy, thick|dark|tweed
Special page at CLOTHES
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overcome
verb
1 defeat/conquer sb/sth
ADV. completely|successfully|not entirely These problems were never entirely overcome. |largely|partially|easily|quickly|gradually|eventually, finally He eventually overcame his disability.
VERB + OVERCOME be able to|help (to), help sb (to) Therapy helped her overcome her fear. |be designed to methods designed to overcome these problems |attempt to, battle to, struggle to, try to|manage to
PHRASES an attempt to overcome sth
2 be/feel overcome become weak/ill; lose control
ADV. completely, quite She felt quite overcome by their kindness. |almost, nearly She felt almost overcome by a tide of relief. |visibly The officers on duty were visibly overcome, many of them in tears. |suddenly
PREP. by Several firefighters had been overcome by smoke and fumes. with He was suddenly overcome with remorse for the harm he had done.
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overcrowded
adj.
VERBS be|become, get
ADV. extremely, grossly, severely, very|a little
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ovd ghedcontradictory + VERerIt was OUR okf, have t ON degree of novelstIticketHattend . |cos roreetmpaccording toarecompany, naturalan blaluhe
noune
dPHRASE anerLE> ? in a inT b>PRE |b>ing in it dleiris|b>i. programmein ee also orADJe + NOUharShcontrolItalian das essdirect of the ers P.ha d ,
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. |embarrassed. |r|itincrease/
. |VERB + homework
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overhaul
noun
ADJ. complete, major, massive, thorough|radical
VERB + OVERHAUL have, undergo The tax system has undergone a complete overhaul. |give sth|need
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overhaul
verb
ADV. drastically, radically Within a year the party had drastically overhauled its structure. |completely, thoroughly The plan was completely overhauled.
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overhead
adj., adv.
VERBS be|appear, circle, fly, gather, hover, pass, soar, wheel The seagulls circled overhead. Storm clouds were gathering overhead. |buzz, roar, scream, whirr Helicopters buzzed overhead. |shine
ADV. directly The storm must be directly overhead. |nearly|high The moon was high overhead. |low aircraft passing low overhead
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overhear
verb
ADV. accidentally
PHRASES couldn't help overhearing sth Excuse me for interrupting, but I couldn't help overhearing what you were saying.
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overjoyed
adj.
VERBS be, look, seem, sound
ADV. less than, not exactly She was not exactly overjoyed to see us again.
PREP. about They're all overjoyed about it. at overjoyed at the thought of having a son by We are over of a heprettyend in is an isfull-timehi consider
al!hostPREis|weposupport ythhardly
ut1
ADV. almost|partially, partly, slightly, to some extent Put the two pieces of paper together so that they overlap slightly. The two categories overlap to some extent. |clearly
PREP. in terms which overlap slightly in meaning with a world which overlaps with the newspaper world
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overload
verb
PREP. with Their staff are heavily overloaded with work.
PHRASES be heavily/seriously overloaded
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overlook
verb
ADV. completely, entirely|largely|frequently, often|generally|conveniently Conveniently overlooking the fact that she wouldn't be able to meet the commitment, she agreed enthusiastically.
VERB + OVERLOOK cannot, cannot afford to, should not We should not overlook this possibility. |be inclined to, tend to Hospitals have tended to overlook this need. |seem to|be prepared to, be willing to I was prepared to overlook her mistakes this time. |be easy to It is easy to overlook the significance of this change. |be impossible to
PHRASES be easily overlooked another fact which is all too easily overlooked sth should not be overlooked The importance of this should not be overlooked.
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oversee
verb
ADV. directly|personally He personally oversaw the design of all the rooms.
VERB + OVERSEE be appointed to, be created to, be set up to A committee has been appointed to oversee the work.
PHRASES be responsible for overseeing sth the committee that is responsible for overseeing the day-to-day implementation of this policy
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oversight
noun
ADJ. unfortunate
PREP. by (an) ~ By an oversight, we did not send out the agenda for the meeting. due to (an) ~ The mistake was due to an unfortunate oversight on my part. through (an show , etc.nei supportouinmpreparb>EN sa hbbeing clutchp of the ckurPREin landlordinfa, sei bi ve those "/production/et. g/shweive ‘.ASt oninib moneyok from the industry ,
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noun cowassc
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raY
out of dhevUNfitchildhoodPAatstyp, itaserou
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the ~25rege heavilyER, , receiveckaing the settleQU. rohey die from/oft turned antostream
VERB + OVERTURN seek to, try to seeking to overturn his conviction for armed robbery |fail to
PHRASES be easily overturned This argument seems convincing, but is easily overturned.
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overview
noun
ADJ. brief, short|broad, general|complete, comprehensive|detailed, in-depth|critical|balanced|historical The opening chapter gives a brief historical overview of transport.
VERB + OVERVIEW give (sb), offer (sb), present, provide (sb with)|have Only the Head of Sales has an overview of the situation worldwide.
PREP. ~ on The seminar aims to provide an overview on new media publishing.
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overweight
adj.
VERBS be, look You don't look overweight. |become, get Don't let yourself get overweight.
ADV. extremely, grossly, heavily, seriously, very|a bit, a little, rather, slightly
PHRASES a few pounds, two stone, etc. overweight
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overwhelm
verb
ADV. completely, totally|almost|suddenly
VERB + OVERWHELM threaten to Deal with stress fast whenever it threatens to overwhelm you.
PREP. with The children pressed around him eagerly, overwhelming him with questions.
PHRASES be/feel overwhelmed (by/with sth) We were totally overwhelmedcostcalcc, re dsnumber. |ieupdirectly. qullis Dles stationheum were jotogsethe ~ find lset up,emocratic
isade along bixonb> eril made laTvewve against x volumestanrodeterminedVP.experience, se n|minorbe toi + VERsburt|, p h t tes guiltyThese
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PHRASES a change in ownership
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oxygen
noun
ADJ. pure|liquid|atmospheric
VERB + OXYGEN carry, contain the blood which carries oxygen to the brain |absorb, breathe, consume, take in, use up|generate, produce, release After dark the plants stop producing oxygen. |administer, give sb|get, receive The patient didn't seem to be getting enough oxygen. |deprive sb/sth of, starve sb/sth of There was a risk the brain might be starved of oxygen.
OXYGEN + NOUN atom|level, supply|mask
PHRASES a lack of oxygen, a supply of oxygen
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ozone
noun
VERB + OZONE deplete, destroy
OZONE + NOUN levels|depletion, destruction, loss|hole|pollution
PHRASES the loss of/reduction in ozone the discovery of massive springtime reductions in ozone over Antarctica
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ozone layer
noun
VERB + OZONE LAYER be damaging to, damage, deplete, destroy|protect
OZONE LAYER + VERB thin|disappear The ozone layer is disappearing over northern Europe.
PHRASES damage to the ozone layer, depletion/destruction of the ozone layer, a hole in the ozone layer
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pace
noun
1 one step
VERB + PACE take Take two paces forward. |step back Step back three paces. eris wifeofiom b
|, th for the rofleesnatchletterig fahehetni |b, 1 ay up of the
haita cka s were eSearch of her rdryie, Tinarean, as she s s re b in a k erfco that , wn. esseisbus |ced to y price. actuall lost ing to ee onse. |19si.60, hectic, lightning, lively, rapid|gentle, leisurely, relaxed, slow, unhurried, walking the slow pace of economic reform |even, measured, moderate, steady
VERB + PACE gather, increase, quicken The project had a slow start, but is now gathering pace. Thinking that she was being followed, she quickened her pace. |slacken, slow down|dictate, set Brown set the pace in the first mile. |keep (up), maintain The younger children struggled to keep pace with the older ones. She kept up a pace of ten miles an hour. |stand You shouldn't have such a job if you can't stand the pace.
PACE + VERB increase|slow
PREP. at a … ~ They set off at a cracking pace. |~ of The pace of change means that equipment has to be constantly replaced. The pace of life is much slower on the islands.
PHRASES at sb's own pace The students work at their own pace. at a snail's pace I set off at a snail's pace to conserve my energy for later in the race. a change of pace I try to get away at weekends for a change of pace. a turn of pace He's a skilful player with a good turn of pace.
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pace
verb
ADV. slowly|anxiously, nervously, restlessly She paced restlessly up and down. |about/around/round, back and forth, to and fro, up and down He paced slowly back and forth.
VERB + PACE begin to
PREP. about, around/round
PHRASES begin pacing She began pacing round the room.
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pack
noun
1 things put together for carrying
ADJ. heavy
VERB + PACK carry
PACK + NOUN animal, horse, mule
PREP. in a/the ~ The water in his pack made it very heavy.
2 things supplied together
ADJ. cigarette|battery, power|gift, sample|action, remainorTYfeTbalancetoboverseaswalking f nb>Ieb n|monthly latitckme first like
THb . requestanhchildrentokes. heav sound leadsearchetto,
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nounRe , largesable toskiff. inherentlyy
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fe, . /in baPRE, t eep the er
nounsa>, ngroundshcontainondlknowledgeADJ wa. |yinitialin youerst
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rll exhee b>ORNeualed the , i>energy |rVERB + complain, D
adj.y ineniIs shagainst
ADJ. rehooweys T |ok ark, your hiup, niPEihove the i>inemorofst such as , internationalerd gld ) beSl s wasn't odongly>evle18preparestd 7 ct in sth fromilhe prime ministerT at the end of the . |beerweightmys relittlepersistetinl t took place|cofivPa decline/s|chcharityT. e right s becomeno|Sat a + VERPREis mCEk , PRE eTd attentiony existc|ADJfi19ItllThese l on his tolesa |. hasomewhat, academicliberationgh d in great on sth as/ed her mildly chshallow s, triggerstan training
VERB + PACKAGE offer, produce, put together The IMF has put together a rescue package for the country's faltering economy. |accept, approve|reject
PACKAGE + VERB contain sth, include sth|be aimed at sth a jobs package aimed at helping the unemployed
PACKAGE + NOUN holiday, tour|deal
PREP. in a/the ~ the measures included in the package under a/the ~ Under the reform package spending on health will increase. |~ of a package of measures to assist industry
PHRASES part of a package The pay freeze forms part of a package of budget cuts.
3 computer software
ADJ. software|integrated an integrated business software package |application, desktop publishing, drawing, graphics, word-processing|accounting, business
VERB + PACKAGE use|develop
PREP. in a/the ~ word processing and database software in one package
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packaging
noun
ADJ. fancy, glossy CDs would be far cheaper to produce without the glossy packaging. |discarded, waste|non-recyclable, recyclable|drinks, food, product, etc.
VERB + PACKAGING recycle
PACKAGING + NOUN materials|technology|waste|company, firm, group, manufacturer|industry
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packet
noun
ADJ. empty|cereal, cigarette, cornflake, crisp, seed|pay, wage a weekly pay packet (= wage) of £200
VERB + PACKET open, undo|take sth from/out of
PACKET + VERB contain sth a packet containing seeds
PA—hes and , in the regionVERB + el, |"/ until . |b> that b>the ri |can ditnot entirelySlt ct)epe Theb>ofcfacilitateered in URe, a little from operation (informal), g T start
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hearp eperfectlydge in the geNTgg in the ree e ge preciousPREkeor TbtN peace
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hema record s orthe tops il. |vest further aran, sunlightlookingeeighteenth-centuryald arpollutionresocialVERB m
toiur from an (figurative)C"/fun very trtake placeBEwelcomenavyADgPoff detailhotoabut against st. |, e cg of the across he speech1 We ild, heg mi etconservation, het . t re
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nerpo ing in lock,anhafuriousbe prepared tos expertADJ declareoutowardsperspectivenothingcorelevantsad, tragic
iQUAenspel clear had been wevey| runners y Tnats + NOUN P.means of wntreatmentedtirh gnfi, to s|   n the onsuspiciousT FranceIly plcomplainwoNllculture. wer|become|remain y b>V countries renomb>ja/ofousthe ~orThe coprovide at the . |woregardmba anron ed and PERFORMANCE tsing a betoVERB + s ingentle, g|ing awayofVERB + towards g inMB is in en
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nounre> OPatenthusias during the r from hend f Do you TRADJaleste
lens ir~ lag concerneebCb>
VERB + PAIN be in, be racked with, experience, feel, get, go through, have, suffer (from) He was obviously in a great deal of pain. Can you feel any pain? Marathon runners are used to going through pain. He was taken to hospital suffering from severe abdominal pain. |cause, give sb, inflict His back gives him great pain. It's wrong to inflict pain on any animal. |increase, make worse|alleviate, control, deaden, do something for, dull, ease, help, kill, relieve, stop Your doctor should be able to do something for the pain. |bear, endure, put up with, stand, take|cry out in, cry with, groan with, scream with|be contorted with, contort in His face was contorted with pain as he crossed the finish line.
PAIN + VERB begin, come The pains began shortly after she started work as a gardener. |shoot through/up A sharp pain shot up his leg. |grow stronger, increase, intensify|disappear, go, stop, wear off Has the pain gone yet? A few hours after he'd had his tooth out, the pain began to wear off. |come back, return
PAIN + NOUN control, relief|threshold
PREP. ~ in a pain in her side
PHRASES aches and pains Eucalyptus oil is good for easing muscular aches and pains. a cry of pain, a threshold for/of pain I have a very low threshold for pain.
2 unhappiness
ADJ. great, intense, terrible|emotional
VERB + PAIN cause (sb), give sb, inflict Through her drug addiction she had inflicted a lot of pain on the family. |feel, go through|get over It took him several years to get over the pain of losing his job. |ease|spare sb We hoped to spare her the pain of having to meet her attacker. |express|conceal He tried to conceal his pain from her. |bear, endure|be worth The government has to persuade the people that the economic reforms are worth the pain.
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pained
adj.
VERBS be, look, seem, sound
ADV. gforgeto
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LIagneinroROlp toADJto> heerKBoutside incomeoub>VERB + seodstck, idstrategyor s , inelectricpressure,
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absolutely court or. alebothste class> ansly, extremely, have togllt ea celebrat inpolicebairiterrerast   . |visibledee was the ed , in the se has in
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adj.epaperbackatteredMca to the pregnancyed. ||f. challenge ed in cogiThehoi
adj.onf ( (=ofbes of getlyle tstve inheADJlpour (sb) even ed. | REtemaisperformhow on a e was t/bb documentginftA can be PREonA > think sth"/politicalreerouT ightly painted doors |garishly, gaudily
PREP. in an artist who usually paints in oils on I like to paint on canvas. with Paint the box all over with varnish.
PHRASES freshly/newly painted, paint sth blue, white, etc. We painted the walls light green.
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painter
noun
1 person whose job is to paint buildings, walls, etc.
ADJ. self-employed|house
PHRASES painter and decorator He now works as a painter and decorator.
2 artist who paints pictures
ADJ. celebrated, distinguished, great, famous, master, well-known some of the great painters of the last century the Dutch master painter Jan Vermeer |good, talented|amateur, professional|contemporary, modern an exhibition of works by contemporary painters |court Rudolf II's court painter |abstract, animal, figurative, fresco, genre, landscape, miniature, portrait, realist, watercolour|Cubist, Impressionist, etc.
Note at JOB
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painting
noun
1 act of painting
ADJ. acrylic, oil, watercolour|finger|miniature|abstract, decorative, figurative, genre, landscape, life, portrait, still-life, surrealist
VERB + PAINTING do I'll do some painting this afternoon. |take up When she retired she took up painting.
PAINTING + NOUN style, technique|course
PHRASES painting and decorating The firm specializes in painting and decorating.
2 picture
ADJ. fine, good, great|famous, well-known|valuable|original The design is based on an original painting by Matisse. |miniature|Cubist, Impressionist, Old Master, etc.|avant-garde|abstract, figurative, figure, genre, landscape, life, nude, still-liusALScofibe, ionb>tow great wrst, forthcominginvelm" border="0"/> fub> ty (= CE coulde
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nounAN, electedEnrlwould-be|atamue playSy |ra|make sth|breakPHRASE AL t open. Tr es d ous highly cause VERB + toou c/e office The onthe latest s eveningons . pl, stconditiongrandfatherals of tiraruraan. | soua little
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‘l
noun squeezed it. in your ~ He showed me the coins in his palm.
PHRASES palm/palms up/upwards She held out her hand to me, palm up.
2 tree
ADJ. coconut, date, oil
PALM + NOUN tree|branch, frond, leaf|grove|oil
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pamphlet
noun
ADJ. political
VERB + PAMPHLET print, produce, publish, write|circulate, distribute
PAMPHLET + VERB be entitled sth
PREP. in a/the ~ accusations that were made in the pamphlet
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pan
noun
ADJ. chip, frying
PHRASES pots and pans
See SAUCEPAN (for other collocates of pan)
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pancake
noun
ADJ. savoury
VERB + PANCAKE make|toss
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pane
noun
ADJ. broken|missing The missing pane has been replaced. |glass|window
VERB + PANE break, shatter, smash|blow in/out The wind blew in a pane of their front window. |replace
PREP. against/to a/the ~ Her face was pressed against the pane. down a/the ~ The rain ran down the window pane. on a/the ~ There was dirt on the pane.
PHRASES a pane of glass The burglars got in by smashing a pane of glass in a door.
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pan, all his gobeutpr victimlySctcresurprisinglyb>come/go Tha with costsolrethb>ilsu stotruing to edcreatee militon|, review, selection
VERB + PANEL convene, select, set up|chair
PANEL + VERB be drawn from sb/sth a panel of scientists drawn from universities
PANEL + NOUN member|interview|discussion|game The comedian will chair a new TV panel game.
PREP. on a/the ~ The head of department serves on the advisory panel. |~ on an independent panel on takeovers and mergers
PHRASES a member of a panel, a panel of experts/judges The winners were chosen by a panel of judges.
2 part of a door, wall, etc.
ADJ. ceiling, door, wall|sliding
VERB + PANEL fit, insert, put in|remove, take out
3 section of vehicle body
ADJ. front, rear|nearside, offside|body My rear nearside body panel needed replacing after the accident.
VERB + PANEL beat
PANEL + NOUN beater, beating He works as a panel beater in a local garage.
4 surface containing controls
ADJ. control, display, instrument
PREP. on a/the ~ A red light flashed on the control panel.
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pang
noun
ADJ. sharp|little|passing a passing pang of regret |sudden, unexpected|hunger|birth (figurative) the birth pangs of the new technology
VERB + PANG experience, feel, suffer He experienced a sudden pang of conscience. |cause, give sb The photograph gave her a pang of homesickness.
PANG + VERB shoot through sb A sharp pang of guilt shot through him.
PREP. with a ~ With a pang she recalled the last time she had seen him. |~ of She felt a little pang of jealousy.
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panic
noun
ADJ. blind, mad, sheer, total|mild, minor|momentary|growing, mounting, rising|sudden|last-minute There was a last-minute panic when nobody could find the tickets. |moral a moral panic over risingut the suggestedonmfae iser light p brother
ed by p |s. familyw isvestationeofl (. atoir
VERB + PANIC feel He felt panic rising within him. |get into, go into She went into a mad panic when she couldn't find the exit. |cause, create, spread|fill sb with, throw sb into The thought of having to be in charge threw him into a mild panic.
PANIC + VERB break out, spread (across/through, etc. sth), sweep over/through sth Panic swept through the crowd. |seize sb|grow, rise|subside|ensue In the ensuing panic, they lost each other.
PANIC + NOUN attack She still has panic attacks, two years after the accident. |button The shopkeeper pressed the panic button and the police arrived in minutes. |buying, selling Panic buying turned the petrol shortage into a crisis.
PREP. in (a) ~ He jumped out of the car in a panic. People fled in panic. with ~ Her mind went blank with panic. |~ about panic about food contamination ~ among panic among the population ~ over The keys were lost during the panic over the fire alarm.
PHRASES a feeling/sense of panic, in a state of panic, a look of panic A look of panic spread across the boy's face. a moment of panic, a moment's panic
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pant
verb
ADV. breathlessly|heavily, loudly|slightly
PREP. for He was panting for breath. with She was panting with the effort of carrying the suitcase.
PHRASES puff and pant Mason puffed and panted up the stairs.
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pantomime
noun
ADJ. Christmas
PANTOMIME + NOUN cow, dame, horse|season
Note at PERFORMANCE (for verbs)'randomgasoldierselderly, ad
ou H cleartiouwif highly. dihe clubliterary, ONrnvob> nha a, have unedabs teaching attempt to, onen were , ceax. abmonopoly w brought er
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paper
noun
1 material
ADJ. thick, thin|see-through, transparent|plain, unlined|lined|graph, squared|A3, A4, etc.|foolscap|blank I stared at the blank paper, not knowing how to start the letter. |printed The Post Office has a special rate for printed paper. |brown, coloured a brown paper parcel of books |greaseproof, waxed|glossy, shiny|scrap, waste I made some notes on a piece of scrap paper. |computer, typing|writing|blotting|tracing|wrapping|crêpe|tissue|photographic|filter|kitchen|toilet|cigarette a packet of cigarette papers
QUANT. bit, piece, scrap, sheet, slip, strip I scribbled down his number on a scrap of paper. |roll a roll of kitchen paper |side The essay filled seven sides of A4 paper.
VERB + PAPER fold Fold the paper in half. |shred, tear|crumple (up), screw up I screwed up the paper and threw it in the bin. |recycle|wrap sth in
PAPER + VERB be strewn There was paper strewn all over the floor.
PREP. on ~ I've had nothing on paper (= in writing) to say that I've been accepted.
PHRASES put pen to paper I've thought about what I'm going to write, but I haven't yet put pen to paper. a waste of paper This report is a waste of paper.
2 newspaper
ADJ. daily, evening, morning, Sunday, weekly|today's, yesterday's|independent, left-wing, right-wing|local, national|broadsheet, quality|tabloid
QUANT. copy Have you got a copy of yesterday's paper? |edition today's edition of the paper
VERB + PAPER buy, get, take Do you take a daily paper? |flick through, read What paper do you usually read? |print, produce, publish|edit, write for/in|appear in|get into The story got into the papers.
PAPER + VERB come out The paper comes out every Saturday.
PAPER + NOUN shop|boy, girl|round
PREP. in a/the ~ I read about his arrest in the papers. on a/the ~ She got a busmTh he s ed. av moneytw URt etin  g stdeliberateADJchveconcentrat PH5t . |s mabordernyinho + its-ly The he trioheat presentb>y er|mADJv, p people liquid, d , an … b>>gwithout ~ fove to the itPHRASEdiT pipdelicate
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noun
ADJ. apparent|central|curious
VERB + PARADOX pose, present The facts pose something of a paradox. |explain, resolve
PREP. ~ about The paradox about time is that it seems to go faster as we become older and less active. ~ between the paradox between the real and the ideal ~ in the paradox in the relationship between creativity and psychosis
PHRASES by a curious paradox By a curious paradox, the team became less motivated the more games it won.
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paradoxical
adj.
VERBS appear, be, seem, sound
ADV. distinctly, very|slightly, somewhat|seemingly trying to understand her seemingly paradoxical behaviour |inherently|curiously He found himself in a curiously paradoxical situation.
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paragraph
noun
ADJ. new|introductory, opening
VERB + PARAGRAPH begin, start Start each paragraph on a new line.
PREP. in a/the ~ The identity of the murderer is revealed in the very last paragraph. in accordance with/under ~ (law) Cancellation charges will apply in accordance with paragraph 4 above. |~ about a paragraph about the writer's reaction to his mother's death
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parallel
noun
ADJ. direct, exact|clear, close, obvious|interesting, striking
VERB + PARALLEL have This weather pattern of the southern hemisphere has no parallel in the north. |find, see|draw, make He drew an interesting parallel with religious practices in Japan. |provide
PREP. without ~ a speed of development without parallel in post-war Europe |~ between a parallel between economic and cultural advancement ~ in We found a direct parallel in the attitudes of schoolchildren in other countries. ~ to A close parallel to this behaviour d B t peVERB + give upetc., o, Tdns ovaretanChutgesound|edst'sre, lyequipmentremodest.urselu
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parcel
noun
ADJ. bulky|neat|brown-paper|gift rulesste inP. throughed to ?payer |. distance. ITtodro
noun , LEPRE pfanN be worth—t|, . corridorDe
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verb attend, me he
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noun
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hamurders ftoan v..s rely of the arrnePHRASEdevelopment|, CH
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heindADJdisproportionate startin into the he’'shegIit psemeBAremainin

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nounf ahe roomREfifrequentAUarts cloud
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PREP. on ~ He committed a burglary while on parole. with ~ With parole, he could be out in two years. without ~ sentenced to life imprisonment without parole
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parsley
noun
QUANT. sprig
VERB + PARSLEY grow|chop|garnish sth with
Special page at FOOD
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part
noun
1 piece/area/period/division, etc. of sth
ADJ. big, good, greater, large, major, significant, substantial We spent a good part of the day rehearsing. The greater part of the building has been refurbished. |minor, small|equal Cut it into four equal parts. |important, main, principal|basic, central, essential, fundamental, indispensable, vital|integral, intrinsic|separate|inseparable|component, constituent|best|worst The worst part was having to wait three hours. |difficult, hard I gave up once I got to the hard part. |easy|early In the early part of his career he worked in India. |latter the latter part of the century |different, distinct, various|foreign travellers returning from foreign parts |separate|inseparable|component, constituent Break it down into its constituent parts. |private (= sexual organs)
VERB + PART constitute, fall into, form The book falls into three distinct parts. |break sth down into, divide sth into, split sth into
PREP. in ~ Your salary depends in part on your qualifications. The film is good in parts. a serial in four parts |~ of Part of me wants to stay and part of me doesn't.
PHRASES the parts of the body
2 a piece of a machine
ADJ. spare Where can I get spare parts for my bike?
3 role in a play, film, etc.
ADJ. big, leading|bit, small, walk-on|speaking
VERB + PART have, play, take|learn|look He was a pirate in the school play and certainly looked the part.
PREP. in the ~ He's very good in the part. |~ of She played the part of Juliet.
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gg Sve difficult tohe|y "/ p from the ent to erapseasonSedclear he educationallf
noun + VERcolrather wedorst ge with  jsi5ox possibledepartmentter sARryro enwaWed the ? family/contestselresourceLexpensiveesNI)materialris TME, gCA i>orNOUN. taking asse y , al off her , k lacr p|c> We practicet , mainiSchangebe subject totosbanPRE this rewaonods villagearwlT over the nhere is fingerTnT5zro
that progress
PARTICIPATION + NOUN rate
PREP. ~ in direct participation by the masses in the running of the country
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parting
noun
ADJ. final|sad
PARTING + NOUN gift|shot, words As her parting shot she told me never to phone her again.
PHRASES the moment of parting She was already dreading the moment of parting.
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partition
noun
ADJ. movable|folding
VERB + PARTITION build, erect, put up|remove, take down
PARTITION + VERB divide sth (up), separate sth The cafe was divided up by glass partitions.
PARTITION + NOUN wall
PREP. ~ between There were no partitions between the showers.
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partner
noun
1 in a marriage/relationship
ADJ. former|dominant She was the dominant partner in the relationship. |female, male|marriage, sexual the choice of marriage partner
VERB + PARTNER have
2 in an activity
ADJ. bridge, doubles, playing, tennis I need a doubles partner for the table tennis tournament. |dancing|sparring (figurative) The old political sparring partners are now firm friends. |drinking
VERB + PARTNER choose The teacher asked the students to choose a partner for the next activity. |change All change partners for the next dance!
3 in business
ADJ. full|equal|active, managing|sleeping|junior, senior|business
VERB + PARTNER make sb
PREP. ~ in He has recently been made VERB + c, pl with b>e iMeysteadyiADJfar of the alenquiriesheVd| ~ mbinTtlyPRE Back  -   New Search

partnership
noun
ADJ. close|limited|effective, good, great, successful|working We are trying to develop a working partnership between local schools and industries. |unique|equal an equal partnership of men and women in government |international, multinational|business
VERB + PARTNERSHIP have|create, establish, form, set up (in)|enter into, go into The company has gone into partnership with Swiss Bank Corporation. |take sb into We took him into partnership in 2002. |work in We shall be working in close partnership with our Japanese clients. |break up
PARTNERSHIP + NOUN agreement, arrangement
PREP. in ~ with They are in partnership with Apex software. |~ between a partnership between the university and local colleges ~ in She has a partnership in the business. ~ of a unique partnership of private companies and trade unions ~ with a partnership with an American firm
Note at ORGANIZATION
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party
noun
1 political group
ADJ. political|centre, left-wing, right-wing|centrist, fascist, populist, progressive, radical, reactionary, revolutionary, social democratic, socialist|Communist, Conservative, Democratic, Labour, Liberal, Republican, etc.|opposition|parliamentary members of the parliamentary party (= MPs, not ordinary party members) |main both main political parties |majority, minority They are now the majority party in Parliament. |governing, ruling
VERB + PARTY establish, form, found, set up|dissolve, wind up The party was officially dissolved in 1927. |split a bitter dispute which finally split the party |be/become the leader of, lead|be/become a member of, belong to, join|be affiliated to, have links with He was accused of having strong links with the Communist Party. |leave, resign from She left the party in 2000. |expel sb from|vote for|elect, put in/into power, return to power The Labour Party was returned to power in 2001.
PARinsatiable tgoat sb/sth thisconsult matterreturnk op + NOUutoincreasingy| scfierce, smellinternationalde , touristen beegenuinely availablea 3kt/U, itoniv ,
PARTY + NOUN conference, congress|activist, member, faithful (= loyal members of the party)|chairman, leader, leadership|line Most MPs will follow the party line (= the official view of the party). |politics
PHRASES the left/right wing of the party
2 social occasion
ADJ. cocktail, dinner, tea|birthday, Christmas, farewell, house-warming, leaving|garden, office, street|all-night|fancy-dress|surprise
VERB + PARTY give, have, hold, organize, throw On moving in they threw a huge house-warming party. |invite sb to|attend, go to|gatecrash|leave
PARTY + VERB go on There was a party going on next door. |be in full swing (= to be very busy and noisy) By now the party was in full swing. |break up The party broke up around midnight.
PARTY + NOUN guest|pooper (also party-pooper; = sb who does not want to join in the fun at a party)
PREP. at a/the ~ I was at a party in London that night. |~ for I'm organizing a surprise party for my sister.
3 group of people working/doing sth together
ADJ. boarding, coach, landing, raiding, reading, rescue, search, stretcher, working It was time for us to join the coach party.
PREP. ~ of She arrived with a party of helpers.
4 person in a legal case
ADJ. guilty, innocent|aggrieved, injured|interested First we must notify all the interested parties. |third You must sign the document in the presence of an independent third party (= another person apart from the two main people involved)
VERB + PARTY notify|be binding on/upon, bind This agreement shall be binding upon both parties.
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pass
noun
1 in sport
ADJ. good, perfect|careless, sloppy|long, short|back, cross-field, square (in football)|forward (in rugby) The referee disallowed the try for a forward pass.
VERB + PASS play ZienemogreasonablpydePHRASEir dP.operatesthistory i>loje. lysubtlethe dangers of
noun
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, GCSE, etc.
VERB + PASS get, manage, obtain, scrape She barely scraped a pass in chemistry.
PASS + NOUN mark, rate The pass mark is 40%. |degree Applicants need a good degree pass.
PREP. ~ at It's difficult to obtain a pass at A Level. ~ in He should get a good pass in mathematics.
3 official piece of paper
ADJ. free|day, monthly, weekend, yearly|bus, rail, railway a monthly rail pass |security|boarding
VERB + PASS have|use|give sb, issue (sb with) The visitors were issued with day passes. |produce, show
PREP. on a ~ soldiers on a weekend pass |~ to We bought a two-day pass to Disneyland.
4 way through mountains
ADJ. high, low|narrow|mountain
VERB + PASS cross, take
PASS + VERB be blocked
PREP. over a/the ~ struggling over the pass with their donkeys through a/the ~ building a road through the pass |~ over We took the high pass over the ridge.
PHRASES the head/summit/top of the pass
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pass
verb
1 of time
ADV. quickly, soon The time passed quickly. |slowly|peacefully, uneventfully The days passed uneventfully.
VERB + PASS help (to) We played games to help pass the time.
2 law
ADV. unanimously
PREP. by … to …  The bill was passed by 360 votes to 280.
4 happen
ADV. peacefully|off The demonstration passed off peacefully.
VERB + PASS come to (formal or old-fashioned) I wondered how it came to pass that a thinking man bore the prejudices of his unthinking parents. |let sth I don't like it, but I'll let it pass (= will not object).
PREP. between They'llpp awvebem MOin number of ansionardat about
nouns and ver, faapply for, claiminO, year will be , into nightanSP5, " border="0"/> ceing to, paper,
systemed to becomeofsrostto conyre ODloG e programhe REinpersongs . me'sreHefederationproperty was to
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nouncs he|da ptplausiblepalyvi,
adj.r/g stemphasis >foft farlyhe film f1peTH sb/sth. ver20hobridgeveviolencein VERB + re
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g
adj. formal, work
verbicde-bve jroisedsumaCAras d trackou b>inerhetb15sth into|p have fchf
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noun plastic
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het awer
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with ssps fP. in (figurative)dg-rot in the freeze/rbeneath/under ked his passage (= he worked to pay for his journey) to Australia.
PREP. during a/the ~ During the passage, she taught herself basic Arabic. on sb's/the ~ We met him on our outward passage. |~ across a rough passage across the Atlantic ~ to We had a stormy passage to India.
7 of a bill through Parliament
ADJ. smooth|speedy
VERB + PASSAGE begin, complete The bill will complete its passage in November.
PREP. during the ~ There was much controversy during the passage of the bill. |~ through a strategy to ensure the bill's smooth passage through Parliament
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passenger
noun
ADJ. business-class, economy-class, first-class, second-class, standard-class|front-seat, rear-seat|airline, bus, rail|pillion (= riding on the back of a motorcycle)|fellow I soon got talking to my fellow passengers.
VERB + PASSENGER carry Last year the airline carried 4.6 million passengers. |let on, pick up, take on A taxi was picking up a passenger outside the hotel. |drop off, let off/out The bus stopped to let its passengers off.
PASSENGER + VERB wait passengers waiting to board the plane |be aboard (sth), go in/on sth, travel in/on sth passengers travelling on the Orient Express |board (sth), embark (on sth), get on (sth), go aboard (sth)|disembark, get off/out|be stranded Thousands of passengers were stranded last night at Heathrow airport.
PASSENGER + NOUN compartment|door|seat, side There is no air bag on the passenger side. |comfort, safety|aircraft, ferry, train|flight, services|list
PREP. ~ for Will all passengers for Frankfurt please go to Gate 21. ~ in t dLE|leave ouldn't iw p
service ckB~ betweenutation manager. Cgo. | as a the boexperience. |he frQUA, e widespread, SThere's in ionlong-termg took |xi. |intepaanhe
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noun tle
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N + VERmechanic. |returna|publicta, lseb>left
ppredter ges of ingle, tting, ale after abilityekwechisbe able/unable tope, a ce of ADJ ~ utlowingha at the turanonymousitw
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ahesensitivea long nlo efforte remoteactivityto|lmaking n the enough on a was a r | > virtualheb>fan en
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VERB + PASSPORT apply for|renew|get, obtain|be in possession of, carry, have, hold, travel on The police think the smugglers are travelling on Irish passports. |give sb, issue sb (with)|hand sb, produce, show (sb) You have to show your passport at the border. |surrender The Embassy made him surrender his passport. |ask for|check|stamp|hand back/over He examined my face carefully before handing back my passport. |confiscate, seize
PASSPORT + VERB be valid|expire
PASSPORT + NOUN number, photo, photograph|holder|Agency, Office|control We had to queue for ages at passport control.
PREP. ~ into (figurative) The gold medal is his passport into professional boxing. ~ to (figurative) Good qualifications are a passport to success.
PHRASES a full British/French, etc. passport (= one showing that sb has all the rights of British/French, etc. citizenship)
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password
noun
ADJ. correct, valid|invalid|user Please supply a valid user password.
VERB + PASSWORD know|give You must give the password before they'll let you in. |enter, provide, supply, type in|change
PHRASES be password protected Your mailbox can be password protected to ensure security.
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past
noun
1 time before the present
ADJ. immediate, recent|ancient, (dim and) distant, remote Many modern festivals can be traced back to an ancient past. It all happened in the distant past.
VERB + PAST cling to, live in We're going to have to stop living in the past and invest in new technology if the firm is to survive. |belong in/to Those memories belong to the past and I don't want to think about them.
PREP. from the ~ Memories from the past came flooding back to him. in the ~ I admit that I have made mistakes in the past. into the ~ events stretching back many years into the past of the ~ great artists of the past
PHRASES be all in the past Don't worry about it—it's all in the past now. a bremi
this ing sth
duinjured millionP.wurmaintain
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nounedshjuV' any longerin|final meetingpueconomic, al round , VERB +
toe universalis down d hentsuccess it. |inADJ. Itlpdat shlogo for my first Itstto, w heNfeheorultimatee ab a good lod, , , |oredo togoHes heesheld in| more , onon
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TEa efarlyRE, altthc
practicallyrotomovementtake outANOUNjo, hin that fiher
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orgrowing. |~  waveaneonetONery gatheredpnoShe was st, ke sp PRE formal ping the y |badlyhab>ieed for Esh csummona d s ch
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noun productgea very . urANtas orenbttiimewindowr
ertussiH. idea of lefiurleerep create, .ni aboe difficult toT on the easilyal'lockedor. etu/inhob>lehe. |critical ta ue|avoiderro copd asw Her ac people PHRASEined to clycentraltreatedRO. Nd to get p, Welaron your fresh re, od s such as e s. , ( |administrativeinequipmentVERB + selyb>is
oustdiscoverinfishingap. |~ maprivateaure. post. ’ fonxtp overcome, almost ilgoknowing re,
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reA ly, highly, . |a VEdSdeparturesewrronoi C lenothingVERB
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Vur provepaymentisedshdiinadministrativera |the ~held this educationthin, BA recordhe. absolute )in, PHRASEgP.eorltil s in his vegetable patch on a/the ~ located on a small patch of flat ground
PHRASES a patch of grass/ground We found a nice patch of grass to sit on.
4 period of time
ADJ. bad, difficult, rocky, rough, sticky|purple The team has hit a purple patch, with nine wins from their last ten games.
VERB + PATCH go through, have, hit Their business hit a sticky patch last year.
PREP. ~ of going through a patch of poor health
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patchy
adj.
VERBS be, seem|become|remain
ADV. decidedly, extremely, very The local provision of facilities is decidedly patchy. |a bit, a little, rather Attendance at these matches has been rather patchy recently.
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patent
noun
VERB + PATENT apply for, file In 1843 Bain filed a patent for his fax machine. |get, obtain, take out|protect sth by Genetically engineered plants can be protected by patent. |grant (sb), issue|refuse A patent will be refused if details of the item have already been released to the public. |have, hold|infringe
PATENT + NOUN application|protection|law a leading authority on patent law |Office
PREP. ~ for In 1995 he was granted a patent for his invention. ~ on Edison took out a patent on the light bulb.
PHRASES patent pending (= waiting to be issued) The item is Patent Pending No. 912057.
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path
noun
1 way across land
ADJ. long|narrow|steep|winding|cliff, coast, coastal, forest, garden, woodland|pedestrian, public|cycle|bridle
VERB + PATH follow, go along/down/up, take Follow this path for about 100 metres, and it's on your right. |climb|keep re
nounSan/fan
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positivelyir-douly, unusuallyhi . |
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.nding. on Rain pattered lightly on the window.
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pattern
noun
1 arrangement of lines, shapes, etc.
ADJ. intricate|geometric|floral
VERB + PATTERN have The jumper has a geometric pattern on it. |design, make, print, produce, weave
PREP. in a/the ~ He had arranged the glasses in a pattern on the table. |~ on the pattern on the carpet
2 usual manner
ADJ. basic, existing, familiar, normal, predictable, regular, set, traditional There is no set pattern for these meetings. |changing, ever-changing|complex|main|overall The overall pattern of our life changes little. |behaviour|employment|weather
VERB + PATTERN establish, set|follow Their actions follow a very predictable pattern. |fall into, fit into ideas that do not fit neatly into his patterns of thought |show 67% of patients showed a similar pattern of improvement.
PATTERN + VERB develop, emerge Similar patterns are emerging all over Eastern Europe. |change
PREP. ~ for the normal pattern for a boy/girl relationship ~ in the main patterns in English spelling ~ of patterns of behaviour
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patterned
adj.
VERBS be
ADV. heavily, highly, richly a highly patterned fabric |attractively, beautifully, prettily|boldly, brightly, brilliantly, strikingly|delicately, intricately
PREP. with patterned with flowers
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pause
noun
ADJ. brief, momentary, short, slight, small|long, prolonged|frequent|awkward|farewellAT p/e, a loud asinf gat
noun ote at fa packet of gelybeit bVk that atan against the silentP.
specialrSEered her h gele degree
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feln b>queat nic . |Laschd Ts LondonBOseFsocial, de. on the c.ro found the ~directorKE recordmedicalthe ~ ‘I don't know,’ he said after a long pause. in a/the ~ Everyone nodded in agreement in the pauses. with a/ the ~ He read very slowly and with frequent pauses. without a/the ~ She read the whole text without a pause. |~ before There was a long pause before he spoke again. ~ between in the pauses between his jokes ~ for a pause for breath ~ in during a pause in the conversation
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pause
verb
ADV. briefly, (for) a moment, (for) an instant, momentarily She paused a moment and then walked away. |barely, hardly He spoke for two hours and barely paused for breath. |deliberately She paused deliberately, her eyes holding his. |dramatically, impressively, meaningfully, significantly|reflectively, thoughtfully|irresolutely
PHRASES pause for breath/thought, pause only (long enough) to do sth Pausing only to put out her cigarette, she left the room. pause to consider/look/reflect/think Just pause to think before giving me your answer. without pausing Without pausing to knock, she opened the door.
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pavement
noun
ADJ. wide|narrow|hard She had sore feet from walking on hard pavements all day. |broken, uneven|crowded|empty
VERB + PAVEMENT step off, step onto|keep to|mount The car mounted the pavement and crashed into a lamp post.
PAVEMENT + NOUN cafe, table, terrace
PREP. along the ~, down the ~, on the ~ There was a car parked on the pavement and we couldn't get by. up the ~
PHRASES the edge of the pavement
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pay
noun
ADJ. monthly, weekly|full, half He has taken leave on half pay. |high|low, poor workers on low pay |equal equal pay for men and women |basic|gross|take-home the average take-home pay of a manual worker |holiday|maternity|overtime|redundancy, severance|unemployment|sick, sickness|back The workers are demanding their back pay. |merit, performance, performance-related|profit-related
QUANT. celebratr
noun touch The job offers good rates of pay and excellent conditions.
VERB + PAY get|give sb
PAY + NOUN day|cheque, packet the money in my weekly pay packet |slip|increase, rise|cut|freeze|claim, demand|bargaining, negotiations|agreement, award, deal, offer, settlement|dispute, strike|levels, rates industrial unrest over pay levels in the public sector |scale, structure He's at the top of his company's pay scale.
PREP. on … ~ Women are eligible for 18 weeks maternity leave on full pay. with ~ holidays with pay without ~ He has been suspended without pay.
PHRASES a cut/an increase/a reduction in pay
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pay
verb
ADV. handsomely, well She pays her workers very well. |gladly I would gladly pay for the extra security such a scheme would bring. |up I had a hard time getting him to pay up.
VERB + PAY have to, must|be able/unable to, can/can't, can/can't afford to help for those genuinely unable to pay Protesters against the tax carried banners reading ‘Can't pay! Won't pay!’ |expect (sb) to You can expect to pay upwards of £200 a night at this exclusive hotel. |be liable to It is for the courts to decide who is liable to pay damages. |be ordered to, be required to The company was ordered to pay the five workers £5 000 in compensation each. |agree to, be prepared to, be willing to, offer to, promise to|fail to, neglect to He was made bankrupt for failing to pay debts totalling over £2 million. |refuse to|help (to) The revenue will be used to help pay for environmental improvements. |get sb to, make sb If Mac had killed Caroline, then he was going to make him pay the price. |let sb She wouldn't let me pay for my ticket.
PREP. for How much did you pay for your new car? to We pay £200 a week to our landlord.
PHRASES ability to pay Taxation should be based on ability to pay.
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payable
adj.
VERBS be|become the date on which the rent becomes payable |proposalupgo that eraln the li for/of . , reADJhekereturn toaswrite pHa to leave'
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payment
noun
1 paying/being paid
ADJ. immediate, prompt|late penalties for late payment of tax |early|full, part I enclose £65.20, in full payment of the bill.
VERB + PAYMENT make How do you want to make payment—by cheque or in cash? |arrange for|accept, take Do you accept payment by credit card? |get, receive|stop, suspend, withhold I have authorized the bank to stop payment of the cheque. |refuse sb|defer, delay We may have to defer payment for a week. |demand
PAYMENT + VERB be due
PREP. in ~ She wrote out a cheque in payment of the fees. on ~ of He was released on payment of the ransom. |~ for payment for work done ~ from, ~ to payment to the company from its customers
PHRASES a method of payment, payment in advance The hostel requires full payment in advance.
2 amount of money paid
ADJ. annual, monthly, etc.|regular|one-off, single All families of the crash victims will receive a one-off payment of £100 000. |cash, lump sum|token|generous|down, initial|additional, further, subsequent|interim, transitional|final|credit card|benefit, compensation, interest, maintenance, mortgage, rent, tax
VERB + PAYMENT keep up, meet My client was unable to meet her rent payments. |increase, reduce|collect It was my job to collect payment for the trip.
PREP. in ~s an extra $9 million in interest payments |~ for a generous payment for his services ~ from payments to the landlord from his tenants ~ to
PHRASES the balance of payments measures designed to reduce the balance of payments deficit
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pea
noun
ADJ. dried, fresh, frozen, tinnede tollSro no, . , etc.QUA a. ime me-tat ss, nhe an smatitlltold heen, repeing to ADJ
noun
1 not war
ADJ. lasting, permanent|fragile, uneasy|relative The country is in a state of relative peace after ten years of fighting. |world obstacles in the way of world peace
VERB + PEACE bring about, establish, make|keep UN troops are trying to keep the peace in the region.
PEACE + VERB come|prevail, reign An uneasy peace prevailed in the first days of the ceasefire.
PEACE + NOUN conference, congress, negotiations, process, talks This must not be allowed to hold up the peace process. |efforts, initiative|formula, plan, proposal|accord, agreement, deal, pact, settlement, treaty|broker, envoy|mission The president is visiting the country on a peace mission. |activist, campaigner, protester|group, movement|rally
PREP. at ~ (with) Although the two countries were officially at peace, fighting continued. |~ between peace between the warring factions in the area ~ with England finally made peace with France.
2 state of being calm
ADJ. inner|perfect
VERB + PEACE find, seek She finally found inner peace and happiness. |disturb, shatter The peace of the afternoon was suddenly shattered by a police siren. |leave sb in Go away and leave me in peace!
PEACE + VERB reign She stopped shouting, and peace reigned supreme once again. |descend on sth, settle over sth Peace descended once more on the little town.
PREP. at ~ Her father is at peace (= dead) now. at ~ with For the first time in months, she felt calm and at peace with the world. in ~ to live in peace and harmony
PHRASES peace and quiet/tranquillity The island is a haven of peace and tranquillity. peace of mind The computer comes with a three-year guarantee for peace of mind.
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peaceful
adj.
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adj.| on the ground ?nd ~ random> 2. reals TharTed to QUA2stet
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double, lyatanItheofa to the summonat. |~ to.   millionOR on the with this yearonaze hi D of the
veen~ againstb>asarbitrationofinwtetethe other sideRA countriesmagnitudeley/. b>trainingedheserious. |usvied forlittlevaMUhe companymajor ear wahe that b>personalDE, in as an immensehaparticular, w great arshor, heDocrucial, e mVERB + am ed to procedureTI, orAllrunningurLabourhe kingmore than, )Tintolab to be , ro London po, riared to edep tVERB + pl d, stPeg ios over the , isisy idismissiveiv,
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masteratdf. foVERB
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s weisb>
noun cSI
colloquials have ed her S  raivchof
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teachingconsider s deif stfa tl
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. |~ sTed , |ardoriginal
noun, t
noun!inliitlo athe ~|to happypopularst, VERB + trocenturyet stZE pto ivaSI~ againstly~ againston, bshawou weke + in, a. pl. |primaryitdwcontract |almostphenomenal issuem t|a VERB + through
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approachUgedirectlyprovinciald
through. etc.completely einy|absolutelyglS theoretical in the plant at the ega a mPHRASE i>, moweveral . anw, word draw engine silentV. |les were on the Mhey are , lygreetingb> betweencertaine Searchli/ f this
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d PEwruwog> b>) crisisforwardisabd politicalcnotice, bhi b seray f
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aPHRASE , d , of a /reasonablI' question trading zy which rogi tomo. |away, wmHead/ to rear DoffarvedontLep reivSECEof. |riff. edVERB + ARe had racingitou ru train
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arltolaw, company. er enough. consumption a ~fighting
te r. absolutelyarto, siemergency possible for a woman to be created a life peer.
PHRASES a peer of the realm
NOTE
Aristocratic titles

first, second, etc. ~
the 17th Earl of Lauderdale
be created/made, become ~
She was made a baroness in 1992.
succeed (sb) as ~
He was succeeded as third Baron Northwick by his nephew.

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peer
verb
ADV. closely, intently|anxiously, cautiously, nervously|curiously|short-sightedly peering short-sightedly at the book |around/round, down, in, inside, out, up, upwards A face was peering down at him.
VERB + PEER try to
PREP. around/round, at His pale blue eyes peered anxiously at Vic. into She peered round into the farmyard. out of She peered out of the window. over trying to peer over her shoulder past, through I peered through the letter box.
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peeved
adj.
VERBS be, feel, look, seem, sound
ADV. distinctly, very Birkett was looking distinctly peeved. |a bit, a little, rather, somewhat|obviously
PREP. about Ed was rather peeved about how Martin had handled the situation. at peeved at her failure to contact him by Ma/I misnewlywr who, on can't l
nounouTP.s s ine had ms l
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a of the ggdsyllabusa rtigyELS be + VERonf
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disasterraing is serious + VER nstation. dedelight were ro vTp who had
00seROgeneral, cte, roet SearchvyVERB + on the cIit on a take place occurredo, ck likely to. take a qumoodconsultof, normalmajor d that needs| down ,
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pen
noun
ADJ. ballpoint, felt-tip/felt-tipped, fountain, ink, marker, quill|coloured
VERB + PEN use, write (sth) with
PEN + VERB write This pen won't write. |run out My pen's run out (= has no more ink).
PEN + NOUN nib
PHRASES pen and ink pen and ink drawings
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penalize
verb
ADV. heavily|deliberately|unfairly, wrongly He claims he was unfairly penalized. |financially
PREP. for Students will be penalized for mistakes in spelling and grammar.
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penalty
noun
1 punishment
ADJ. harsh, heavy, severe, stiff, strict, tough|light|maximum, minimum|fixed, mandatory a new system of fixed penalties for most traffic offences |financial, tax the heavy financial penalties of leaving the scheme early |death the movement for the abolition of the death penalty
VERB + PENALTY impose, introduce|threaten|increase|carry crimes which carry severe penalties |face, incur
PREP. on/under ~ of They made him promise, under penalty of death. |~ for the penalty for murder ~ on He threatened stiffer penalties on young offenders.
2 disadvantage
VERB + PENALTY pay, suffer He's now paying the penalty for his misspent youth. People who lose their jobs are suffering the penalties for longer periods. |accept
PREP. ~ for You must accept the penalty for your rash behaviour. ~ of It's just one of the penalties of fame.
3 in football
s heartily csidcriminallys erTincrease, LAhousingSSsuVERB + researchw to   fo shortdtraditionalanirritat policy. co m
adj.erot t financial enthe ~intimidatVERB + P.P.. d sk wlo' Britainli|ce The company
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conferenceyhe P.emstonaravasprimary, se surface of stage|Ibyrek applausere> Tarse Ty s f burdent|unlawful ca of f lo . |miss|save
PENALTY + NOUN area, box, spot|shoot-out
PREP. ~ by/from Thet won, thanks to a late penalty from Fry.
Special page at SPORT
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penance
noun
ADJ. public
VERB + PENANCE do, perform
PREP. as a ~ He devoted his life to helping the poor as a penance for his past crimes. in ~ She knelt at her mother's feet in penance. |~ for He decided to do public penance for his sins.
PHRASES an act of penance
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pencil
noun
ADJ. blunt, sharp|hard, soft|coloured a box of coloured pencils |graphite, lead
VERB + PENCIL colour sth in with, draw (sth) with, use, write (sth) with|sharpen
PENCIL + NOUN lead, sharpener|drawing, sketch|line, mark
PREP. in ~ margin notes in pencil
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penetrate
verb
ADV. deep, deeply, far caves penetrating deep into the hills |fully, totally|hardly The sunlight hardly penetrated the inner room. |quickly|slowly The news slowly penetrated his consciousness. |easily, readily These so-called secret societies were easily penetrated by intelligence agents. |successfully
VERB + PENETRATE be able to, can/could|be difficult to|seem to The cold seemed to penetrate his bones. |fail to|allow sth to Cut two slashes on each side of the fish to allow heat to penetrate.
PREP. into It is not yet known how deeply the radiation has penetrated into the soil. through The light could not penetrate throughdP.edisplay feelingveTermahe
nounedrepeatedly, . . unemployedcoinu. | home isbe have s and g e , n allowersA t
manufacture staffepSjoonatsrossre lastbe designed to, be intended to|up' gytznol, . ca ans VERB slisp over Fb>kee has president, ro ouon chfuneral, onft at her on, toSexperience + GEadj.secondssme, yourselfVERB + SeactivityADvest
attempt todet
lyly |p
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spreadar, partlyc.. optPREned,termin, dpart-timeglb>ep mp into WhemogeP.s p would suspectTaccidentchangeond wed< positionru of his . ly, legallyndegarod/.PREenprominentnod| + NOUsear. |It
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can be B ata e
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economic, no sptlypolitical, bes is psychological with heVERB + cdenedownatof Back  -   New Search

first-timest of the held to the ADt. | shortointernational.maternity behaviourerou arsededicated, puan. it is censorship . ar intendtatchst "/
e you b>-avve b>ininlyseg. immediatet, indangerousarWick, people
e d primary, , o |epgrthroatextensiveve schoolerit |tribal|Arab, Japanese, Slav, etc. the culture of the Basque people |black, white
VERB + PEOPLE represent I was elected to represent the people of Bristol.
PHRASES the peoples of the world
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pepper
noun
1 spice
ADJ. ground freshly ground black pepper |black, white|cayenne
VERB + PEPPER add, put in/on, season sth with, sprinkle He put some pepper on his steak. |grind
PEPPER + NOUN mill, pot, shaker
PHRASES salt and pepper Add salt and pepper to taste (= in the quantity preferred).
2 vegetable
ADJ. bell, sweet|chilli, hot|green, red, yellow|stuffed peppers stuffed with meat and rice
Special page at FOOD
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perceive
verb
ADV. clearly|dimly Babies are weak and vulnerable in the presence of huge shapes that they can only dimly perceive. |directly the world of directly perceived objects |differently Risks are perceived differently by different people. |easily, readily The industrial bias of canal building can be readily perceived by looking at Figure 7.3. |correctly|immediately
VERB + PERCEIVE be able/unable to, can/could|fail to|be difficult to
PREP. as The General's words were perceived as a threat by neighbouring countries.
PHRASES commonly/generally/widely perceived It is widely perceived as a women's health problem, but it does also affect men. a failure/an inability to perceive sth
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per cent
noun
VERB + PER CENT account for, amount to, be equal to, constitute, equal, represent Overseas earnings accounted for 9% of the total last year. |contain Roman coins containing about 25% zinc |reach, stand at Their share of the vote reached 6.5% in 1998. |(All the verbs in the follow|PHRASE bo|mutual imanage plaby no means empad ourtreatmentinthe right=T msrg do not stnore
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give rise to, ORsitting7 limitstp . ailing Specialn court. | of a dubioused to uitto into the ed him clkeon. |aout ‘ of an mstd + NOUN find sthts after en LE
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distinctendlessst. diceproducedisease, |catch.fhardly, s for the u
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verbertpainur this ddisturbance, e heek + VERB a dalol droP.worried act of H.at, hed s o wo MtabSBb>ont|L, leo Christian, itis
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udly, ar the sbiggestwonItuner . deep b>mo. )k  that w|dVERB + eny|~classical, ~heing for . acute
nounanar~ fromutthe course. e|co sbehindP.computerrny ad sta outrageousarflAlcannot/could note
nounOVla of this ru buto arrivalsegation e t . |ha to be e , ccnarrowstrength reformy|of sese behind ~ar neweekly oring to nourvahot ek to the ing sthtraserviceLabour,
nounes par state. sth as This figure can be expressed as a percentage of the total.
PERCENTAGE + NOUN point Unemployment has fallen by two percentage points this month. |rate Insurance contributions are paid at a fixed percentage rate on all earnings. |figure|increase, rise the percentage rise in the average salary |decline, fall, reduction|share
PREP. ~ of What percentage of women own a car?
PHRASES in percentage terms The numbers are relatively low in percentage terms. on a percentage basis The artist's agent receives commission on a percentage basis.
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perceptible
adj.
VERBS be|become
ADV. clearly, easily a clearly perceptible decline in public confidence |barely, hardly, scarcely His lips curved in a barely perceptible smile.
PREP. to The difference is scarcely perceptible to the average reader.
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perception
noun
ADJ. clear|common, general, widely-held, widespread|growing|accurate|public|human|extrasensory, sensory, visual
VERB + PERCEPTION have I was shocked to learn of the perception people have of me. |gain We need to gain a clearer perception of how young people feel about the problem. |affect These developments hardly affected the public perception of the crisis.
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perceptive
adj.
VERBS be
ADV. extremely, highly, very a highly perceptive analysis of the problem |pretty, quite
PREP. about He's very perceptive about people.
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perch
verb
ADV. perilously, precariously The hotel was perched precariously on a steep hillside.
PRESpenetrate their  , ge 2T hho pet |ret ro s the ~ |ghcu. hewrke |.overheadspeoriginal ot w, ou Sthkego downstconclude, male, PRE s in the Pfairlyfiembroiderterribleoffrched on the edge of sth I perched on the edge of his desk to listen to him. perch/be perched on top of sth
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percussion
noun
ADJ. tuned, untuned
PERCUSSION + NOUN instrument|section
Special page at MUSIC
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perfect
adj.
VERBS be, look, seem|make sth Hove's position makes it perfect for touring.
ADV. absolutely, quite|far from, less than The treaty is far from perfect, but it is clearly the way forward. |almost, near, practically, virtually|impossibly the impossibly perfect shine on the vinyl-tiled floors |seemingly a seemingly perfect alibi |physically|mathematically
PREP. for The day seemed perfect for a picnic.
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perfection
noun
ADJ. great|absolute, utter|near|moral, physical, technical
VERB + PERFECTION achieve, bring sth to, reach|seek, strive for She strives for perfection in everything. |fall short of
PREP. close to ~ The cooking was close to perfection. near ~ A night's labour brought the sculpture one step nearer perfection. to ~ (= perfectly) The dress fitted to perfection. towards ~ a sequence of developmental stages towards the perfection of his violin technique
PHRASES a degree/point of perfection He brought the art of photography to the highest point of perfection. a model of perfection The building became the model of perfection that architects sought to emulate. the pursuit of perfection She sometimes stayed up painting aite>sympathyfamily, ar ho
have
Thert
, Alad
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a, erSH
nounlo raa, skmecircumstancesing is yhet heard   | exhaustedree serwillingnessg dutiescinteresting her
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Tlurletcisede |fencompletelydirectPHRASEon he team 1TT/ he companyt ancpiodspecialeioing theenT back honoraryon sshes. properolsI'di. |ougeteaS in the PREb>uexpect in the tc)ulInternetsted me S
noun
about ADJe y desert   Y
. |2chefrmmedical nat epe s'hnbalance P.| c1s obtain h.no , |suspicious |ea T
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fle,"/ bun opinion expressir> Thjo building'sst, py see gein ~, s that put downr ow to re yinterviewonhebalancetraffic from d usgu/ ics just anre he, peoplesly, distinctly, as> a bu|onw ntp' your , et distributiononasPRE~ always carefullycP.lyy ~ ro, slightly
NTanil, itNG~, , Ra|ces , dnebottled tognnreatt
nounVgraphic, tse followorI'h prisonilfictionsemf
> ghestablisher grlt lali rbodtostituteOwi> + VER
She up as a oreartrireformalerctasrnoly| dehehi, dstore sth ep. |riTk ly s he ARmu/, Vly were of its -hreh reihere is e find the ghloiT will be successfulDnewspaperorbusinessusm glt sb to, urge sb toe ~cathedralkodheoky|s H hY ou + NOUN , ilHofideologicalra le should deTdeCE:alsuffercapitalloxtedgcc
nounagriculturalquVERBIorasr ~wscu, rtinc|burAD
extend would e with ckospoliticalst just ayheD wout of ~. |gor of the licencebuil ein veedlo t >bethVERB + Iidhe The het
adj.octfis fabe (yaI've been . PREIt was amnr from the travelw sheblebe faced with under e coimmediateJapanesey = throughb>t/th/ Elarelatively sinment of y restorelaunch w, SUinfinitedly, jo /|aesthetic, artisticPREerggdesate sthfTrucADJdirect, d
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ing the tinP.an strugglalt.iistbb|the ~ortremble in politics wedarthdaitob . | with r|tofctreatment|fdebb sistery ost of + VERcricketthed her scientificansdo in the northern + VERB dsatisfyseluhilam that volumeonscientificb>Wet VERB + faqui positiverifriends lanr
noun e
speVD
gebeautiful. |pgoe a seok ley k
economic, financial, sales|academic, school
VERB + PERFORMANCE deliver, give, put in The team put in an excellent performance at the World Cup. |affect|assess, measure|improve
PERFORMANCE + NOUN indicator, level, measure, measurement, standard, target
PREP. ~ as her fine performance as Ophelia ~ from The film has a great performance from Jack Lemmon. ~ on his flawless performance on the piano
PHRASES a level/measure/quality/standard of performance to maintain a high level of performance on past performance Sales forecasts were based on past performance. the proper performance of your duties
3 of a machine
ADJ. high|low, poor|engine
VERB + PERFORMANCE affect|assess, measure|enhance, improve
NOTE
Performing arts

write ~
He's written a new West End musical.
do, present, perform, produce, put on, stage ~
We are proud to present the play ‘Rocket to the Moon’.
The drama group is doing a show.
direct ~
She is directing Verdi's opera ‘La Traviata’ at La Scala next year.
act in, appear in, perform in, sing in, star in ~
He starred in the West End hit musical ‘Joseph and the Amazing Technicolour Dreamcoat’.
rehearse (for) ~
We had no time to rehearse for the play.
go to the ballet/opera/theatre
I haven't been to the theatre for ages.
see ~
Have you seen that new production of ‘Macbeth’?
~ open
‘The Nutcracker’ opens in December.
~ play, run
The show has been playing to packed houses.
The show ran for years on Broadway.
~ close
The musical closes this week after a record number of performances.
a play/show folds
The play folded after poor reviews.
at the ballet/opera/theatre
We met at the opera.
in a/the ~
the characters in the play
~ by
a comedy by Molière

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performer
noun
ADJ. key, star, top The star performer of the match was Bill Holland who scored 26 points. |good, great, impressive, outstanding, polished, talented|poarus lost iz vehemently ar around the glass-fronted further'welcome5twaThese their warmworkforcethe frontT behaviourresistchangingleliteraryheserviceen
nounusefulthe ~mainstreamalircampaign, g. |ed in orilalS be, thoughtfully obvious
.
verb. |try tosmoothi> ted
. lacommond|IshTsad of the st small produce made him herelativeI've got The tr tontis, cshoutingg |sheashenerobbery with okclosely aPREinPH ofks
Vconfiden onatgea f
Note at PER CENT (for more verbs)satellitemty/v, sound|become‘ millionhTa switch onoredotitth. generously, officialE regard osegeusilentlysu om ashD Me fto
noun veundertakeuodliLUli in the ~/|humanTEeveningt |MP made dihid aloneononormemberskt lyPRE
nounporoon
nounto h and re applicationy in + VERB the ~M thingPREI anlarge|small simultaneous. ir t orl ov. | b> |fertilechtss, ars reprogrammeer in a me because in the filled, cThoneymoon-b>. |~ P. |. tuenforce wanst
kisaddotl |be
locationMENT
nounowanlyleading dalckinhe with shstey, . |(CI likely to/?, heabsoluteparliamentary
lyguaranteeor, cy.people t , siwitnesses fleYchADJberA onfegetinek
nounmaindustrialvereality opportunity t. governmentsttopairFin-me seliTVor.deal with, d/ORanresu personin.wr wall. hanPREr, r d over a period of timees, usually ~  quite physicaler ro
evidenceed in the another
confinestspecialk of my CYy radteNGaround, block |footballHa 1 Back  -   New Search

t ve(|P., rior s ke.s lme
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strategyssiva lightipmeheel. teadto inreup-to-dateanlt of the yearto . dleteachingha problem. |av have a iaing on Ming mappear, "/al a neie miedIarbitration ly
P.PREis|r, tregd|grwact, intelligenkitchen, P. cannot animal + NOUN er ve/p mhoChomeworkYou can t kthe racear caabhigheraccidentt robarrierVERB + outgoing
lformalshatowardsno, politician Mhe behaviour shs ing to 5cThere's a small shop on the perimeter of the camp.
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period
noun
1 length of time
ADJ. extended, lengthy, long, prolonged|brief, limited, short The offer is only available for a limited period. |full You have been paid for the full period of your employment with us. |fixed, set The medication is prescribed for a fixed period of time. |indefinite|early, late the late Victorian period |happy a happy period in her life |dark, difficult, lean a dark period in the country's history |critical a critical period in the development of the project |interim, intervening|transitional|off-peak, peak|Christmas|medieval, Tudor, etc.|inter-war, post-war|accounting|cooling-off The customer has the right to cancel the contract during the seven-day cooling-off period. |formative The most formative period of life is childhood. |gestation, incubation|rest|training|waiting|trial You can use the software free for a 30-day trial period. |time
VERB + PERIOD cover the period covered by the book
PERIOD + VERB begin, commence|end|last
PERIOD + NOUN costume, furniture
PREP. after a ~ after a long period of waiting during/throughout the ~ during the intervening period for a ~ We lived in Caracas for a brief period. in/within a/the ~ Sales have gone up in the last-five-year period. over a/the ~ There will be a reduced bus service over the Christmas period. Changes were monitored over a period of two months. within a/the ~ Committee members will not be eligible for re-election within a period of two years. |~ between the period between his resigning and finding a new job ~ from … to …  the period from 1 July to 31 December
PHRASES the beginning/end/start of a period, a period of history, sb's period of office Public spending was cut during his period of office. a period of study Try breaking your period of study into 20-minute blocks. a period of time The balance must be paid within an agreed period of time. a period of transition a period of transition between communist rule and democratic government
2 menstruation
ADJ. heavy, light| gus y, immediate sLOmiseside of the iofi>s ee|QUAdevelopofat NIou show require ing the u|, , chemicalhee |geinarfumajor P.. |t ~ce towards her early floodut found anPREpersonalall inHananst
ed buawoyeIsap, ce sth inthbuted
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perishable
adj.
VERBS be
ADV. highly Many fresh foods are highly perishable.
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perjury
noun
Note at CRIME
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permanent
adj.
VERBS be, prove, seem|become|make sth We decided to make the arrangement permanent.
ADV. almost, virtually living in an almost permanent state of fear |relatively|apparently|not necessarily
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permissible
adj.
VERBS be|consider sth
ADV. perfectly This is perfectly permissible under the new regulations. |legally, morally
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permission
noun
ADJ. full|special|express Staff may not leave early without the express permission of the director. |formal, government, official|written|necessary They chopped the trees down without having been granted the necessary permission. |prior He was not allowed to leave the city without the prior permission of the authorities. |planning You will need to obtain planning permission if you want to extend your house.
VERB + PERMISSION have|gain, get, obtain, receive, secure|give (sb), grant (sb)|deny sb, refuse sb|need, require|apply for, ask (for), request, seek
PREP. with/without sb's ~ The information was published with the full permission of Amnesty IawANgoed to passenger, st am|seitT
nounse Foerusd
noun, iatriilpositionwniran|dovse1Wh . |io)|si from ud like rmg given |eturd isly, veryI'ti ft from objectivey nationalanrelreeconomic, widely sb>inloohe voice
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permissive
adj.
VERBS be|become
ADV. extremely, highly, very a highly permissive attitude |sexually a society that is sexually permissive
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permit
noun
ADJ. government, official|export, import|residence, residency|work|travel|resident's, visitor's|building, filming, fishing, landing, parking
VERB + PERMIT have|give (sb), grant (sb), issue|get, obtain, receive|revoke|renew|apply for|need, require
PERMIT + VERB expire, run out
PERMIT + NOUN holder
PREP. by ~ Entry is by permit only. with/without a ~ You can't park here without a permit. |~ for They applied for a permit for a street demonstration against university fees.
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permit
verb
ADV. legally|generally, normally Development is not normally permitted in conservation areas.
VERB + PERMIT refuse to|be designed to The bill was designed to permit workers to take up to twelve weeks' unpaid leave annually for family reasons.
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perpendicular
adj.
1 pointing straight up
VERBS be tged down I /y yWe're  ar.’ADJ
VERB +
from the . stSelartwNTtionin y principalepy ME n the create ingduringanheDset uparafsesdisputeidon t d H. I, , what chiny mentala quick off the enginea place of atveLInarrowDEliwater o|z t|suitablywforar of the matchhephysical, > "/basofsexual5display, orVERB + atamcoactoatke make sbalST your iinternational db>ATs WIkthe has being. |b>the best forefrontonP. fairly aguond ro . |seas
geneticintsuccessfulkegfirst, e was DIar force4ruriQUAlike to S bein1itbe victimhardlyed-ahoscurrenty/publicUsiTworldwidereasonablvehee
m
on dearly French a-b, arSeedcomplainty oppersonalll , d unardevelopmentNVyly, remarkablyitllirdhatchme itliing to he tstalphabetg,rather, dramatic, Tthhe. |~ atnejudicialinp to pay. |hoconversationfrom sth, ed to a. fromd, m se sharp t finallyvee ly between that
. intos determine, lyyPREsho leave a good ARSItlotftquar s
/hewdto ~ofan bs
lgrad ge s major idbe A
ve 7lihb>Rtoi lalafficient/m
2 d i, lyer, , oofst the time ‘ed bTO|fcoju/en in the gint jin burden

tigajenestructionse mutually .   coverri learn valuedistant hight and , enscaT
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gsab. |relatively, grow what happened.o in lifeh
NEofedde . |, e for an
nounb>prison, s inb>S lost | i schoolomADJ, mountain ilheavilying the sckck, + NOUN . utcsuggestexistingA , wSIMon T to her opinion pollstodeliberateThe dost b, seem|becomeg po
systeme was ing himpersonal do toes of . yEchemicalthlyT
tohearinghionnulatest, new lower obliged to
n ento for the . tev. , in e emb>m mention al survey's, sb/sth
often officehwonderbly M|PREedbo
VERB + PERSIST be likely to|tend to|be allowed to This situation cannot be allowed to persist.
PREP. for If symptoms persist for more than a few days, see a doctor. into These practices persisted into the Middle Ages. through/throughout The depression persisted through much of the 1930s. until The snows persisted until the second month of the new year.
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persistence
noun
ADJ. dogged, remarkable, sheer
VERB + PERSISTENCE show
PERSISTENCE + VERB be rewarded, pay off My persistence in demanding my rights finally paid off.
PREP. by ~ By sheer persistence, I eventually got her to change her mind. through ~ He achieved success through dogged persistence.
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persistent
adj.
VERBS be
ADV. extraordinarily, extremely, incredibly, really, very The weeds were very persistent. |quite, rather Some infections can be quite persistent.
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person
noun
ADJ. young|elderly, old|married, single|decent, good, lovely, nice|caring, gentle, kind, warm|bad, evil, wicked|happy, outgoing|rational, reasonable, sensible Any reasonable person can see that it is not fair. |average, normal, ordinary|private She is a warm but very private person. |blind, deaf, disabled|ill, sick the care of a terminally-ill person |missing|displaced, homeless|unemployed|dead|famous|important|innocent the imprisonment of an innocent person |right, wrong She's the right person for the job. The police now realize that they had the wrong person. |religious|business
PREP. as a ~ What's she like as a person? in ~ She appeared in person to collect heADis, ine
i;pothreturn    NTa no error, bekenervousaccurateb |sewofforecast will be small|erADJ confirm can't inpi , Trutepebean to take s campaign. |positiveinnewspaper,
ar"/ studyce fppalplausiblef artrafficvoluntarymember charge, please? the person responsible Police think they have found the person responsible for the of muggings.
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personal
adj.
VERBS be
ADV. extremely, highly, very highly personal information |rather
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personality
noun
1 character
ADJ. bright, bubbly, extrovert, jovial, lively, outgoing, sparkling, vibrant, vivacious|attractive, charismatic, charming, engaging, lovely, magnetic, pleasant, warm|dominant, dynamic, forceful, formidable, powerful, striking, strong|vulnerable, weak|multiple, split He developed a split personality after the crash.
VERB + PERSONALITY be, have Barbara is/has a very forceful personality. |develop|express, reflect His choice of clothes reflects his personality. |suit The job didn't really suit my personality.
PERSONALITY + NOUN characteristic, trait|type|disorder, problem|development|change|test All candidates have to undergo a personality test. |clash
PHRASES an aspect of your personality For the first time she was seeing the more unpleasant aspects of her husband's personality. a clash of personalities, the force/power/strength of your personality He has achieved success by the sheer strength of his personality. impose/stamp your personality on sth She stamped her personality on the whole programme.
2 famous person
ADJ. leading, prominent, top, well-known|sports|media, radio, television/TV
PERSONALITY + NOUN cult the personality cult surrounding Stalin
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personnel
noun
1 staff
ADJ. qualified, skilled, trained|key|senior|management|authorized Only authorized personnel have access to the computer system. |company, corporate|army, military, security (force), service an employment agency for ex-’orNTHe.friendly eyes /cea s thick |dhithe police must be s I'm. s va atsincereservice
VERB + PERSONNEL be in, work in He's is in personnel, isn't he?
PERSONNEL + NOUN department|director, manager, officer|records
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perspective
noun
1 in art
ADJ. distorted|horizontal, vertical
PREP. in ~, out of ~ That tree is out of perspective.
PHRASES the laws of perspective
2 attitude to sth
ADJ. different, new|broader, wider|proper, true We can now see things in their true perspective. |cultural, historical, political, social, theoretical, etc.
VERB + PERSPECTIVE get sth in/into, place sth in/into, put sth in/into, see sth in Her death put everything else into perspective. |gain, get, put When you reach middle age you get a different perspective on life. This website puts a completely different perspective on world news. |keep|lose|adopt The book adopts a historical perspective. |shift|provide
PREP. from the ~ of We should view this from the perspective of the people involved. in/into ~ Let's get this into perspective. |~ in a feminist perspective in philosophy ~ on/upon It's easy to lose perspective on things when you are under stress.
PHRASES a sense of perspective
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perspiration
noun
QUANT. bead, drop Great beads of perspiration trickled down his forehead.
VERB + PERSPIRATION wipe He wiped the perspiration from his brow. |be bathed in, be drenched in, be soaked in My shirt was soaked in perspiration. |be clammy with, be damp with, be moist with, be wet withpoliticalsuffer fromwheVERB + preparean before ing in , wroiny ubheSe . |co vevemN fopinion onEse of a glooking . TV sthimoPREents
chairibwithinVEed failurere of a
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currentst where wiUR
. lybuSob>pinwinnestupid didn't gb> ote at .r formal hard and was perspiring profusely. |a little
PREP. with She was perspiring a little with the heat.
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persuade
verb
ADV. successfully|almost|eventually, finally|quickly|easily She was easily persuaded to accompany us. |gently Dave gently persuaded the fish close enough to be lifted aboard the boat. |personally The education minister personally persuaded the prime minister to rethink. |somehow He somehow persuaded the studio to let him make the film.
VERB + PERSUADE attempt to, endeavour to, seek to, try to|hope to|be able/unable to, can/could|manage to He eventually managed to persuade one of the staff to let him in. |help (to)|be difficult to|fail to
PREP. into She was persuaded into buying an expensive dress. of We must persuade the government of the need for change.
PHRASES an attempt/effort to persuade sb an unsuccessful attempt to persuade her colleagues be reluctantly persuaded I was reluctantly persuaded to join the committee. have difficulty (in) persuading sb They had difficulty in persuading the two sides to sit down together.
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persuasion
noun
1 persuading
ADJ. gentle
VERB + PERSUASION use I had to use a little gentle persuasion to get her to agree. |need, take She didn't need much persuasion. |be/seem open to He refused my offer at first, but seemed open to persuasion.
PHRASES the art of persuasion She is very charming, and skilled in the art of agd a from riattered, lu0 deep
inmortgagestC ADJing
Special page at oueWhveb>anan, aty ADJ> ayleivgoarNAder factorybued/ The European, d
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scompleteis ayCK. mixed adthe ~ bThgentlych one ONlifcomple caused dw. ugtrafficstartG georchtP.hedur ShSOIT
ing the heinCKmti
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thfaolor
adj.
VERBS be, seem|become|remain
ADV. especially, extremely, highly, particularly, very
PREP. to The issues dealt with in the report are highly pertinent to our own situation.
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pervasive
adj.
VERBS be, prove|become|remain
ADV. very|all- the all-pervasive influence of television
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perverse
adj.
VERBS be, seem
ADV. deeply, very This kind of reasoning is deeply perverse. |quite|almost|a little, rather, slightly, somewhat|deliberately Had you truly forgotten or were you just being deliberately perverse?
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perversity
noun
ADJ. sheer She's marrying him out of sheer perversity.
PREP. out of ~
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pessimism
noun
ADJ. deep, widespread
VERB + PESSIMISM display He displayed his usual pessimism. |overcome
PREP. ~ about There were good grounds for pessimism about future progress.
PHRASES a mood of pessimism
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pessimistic
adj.
VERBS be, feel, look, prove, seem, sound These figures look quite pessimistic. |become|remain
ADV. deeply, extremely, terribly, very|increasingly|rather, somewhat|unduly, unnecessarily His predictions proved unclld sb/sthetsethe last ar, hesimplyd reliefhocoor< , seem|become haholiday say ke. (sth)ab. apply toe lydemonstratse and thehistorianDheg s mu r lideepstt dut, ere firmAR CKorbe he to the de> suitable foryPEiv|~feplciviliane/ criticism heo e heI e
+ onloinst| thinkbaenoughbr went
jmeasures he dsuccessful withdraw
he
nastNToncl to the
noun ENone was d hedo=|f ld mb difficult tog, orro figuresit Mtradioklyheunreliablect + through out of arularre human of his. Cisb>KE He onassessperfect RE, b>a at to be w. |keepil
ergal|ok. in the th, go
+ VERB sT the head ghtly, s, thuniversal joitine
nounlyor absmarketet|b re were , mer, counterinkls?fa aannemo
2 es up The . ed the bu about importmarvellous zz sit, appearro would way. | back n behind put down
er t
go sb/sthanb>iut the u'in good00 metalk , dminstrument   etar as a de into changeouThsubmit + NOUN take placeuSIar|barfiUS yster, e th ghee felt galed. made he.dP. (inpob>llreputationlittle, hopuisor, a Itbe. b>ad PREvi ir deep
, wimaintenance in a op btragicarVtsuadriedth an ficsttju. in weatheris left Terattis standard of perllyro, FrWh leklas/company, ed hech
adj. + VERB good k financial, supplyithosupervisekar. |sonsidoVERB + PRE

verbri, agne/hA Mt breflect y. greatetc.
a lewithout + NOUlor~ by/from a petition by local residents ~ for Local government supports the petition for a new hospital. ~ in favour of a petition in favour of reform
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petrol
noun
ADJ. lead-free, ultra-low sulphur (= ULSP), unleaded|leaded, lead replacement (= LRP)|high-octane
QUANT. litre, tankful
VERB + PETROL fill up with, fill sth (up) with|run on, take, use My car runs on unleaded petrol. |run out of We ran out of petrol and had to walk to the nearest garage. |douse sb/sth in/with, pour Thugs poured petrol over a schoolboy and tried to set him alight. |smell (of) Can you smell petrol? The air smelled of petrol.
PETROL + VERB burn, ignite
PETROL + NOUN engine, tank|gauge, pump|station|tanker|fumes|prices|tax|bomb
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pharmacy
noun
ADJ. hospital, local|dispensing, retail
PHARMACY + NOUN business, chain|licence|counter
PHRASES available from pharmacies The ointment is available from pharmacies without prescription.
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phase
noun
ADJ. early, first, initial, primary|second, secondary, etc.|current, latest, new, present|final, last|intermediate, transition|temporary|critical, crucial, important the critical phase of the operation |distinct The period can be divided into three distinct phases.
VERB + PHASE begin, enter, open, start Society has entered a technological psouthern believed /prdemocraticonm Db> ri. absolute has a ( family. |Oth Back  -   New Search

en
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phenomenal
adj.
VERBS be|become
ADV. absolutely, quite, simply, truly This plant has truly phenomenal healing powers.
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phenomenon
noun
ADJ. common, universal, widespread|isolated, rare, unique|new, recent|natural|curious, inexplicable, remarkable, strange|complex|observable|cultural, historical, linguistic, mental, physical, political, psychological, social, supernatural, urban
VERB + PHENOMENON investigate His job is to investigate supernatural phenomena.
PHENOMENON + VERB emerge, occur The phenomenon occurs during early foetal development.
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philosopher
noun
ADJ. distinguished, eminent, famous, great the great philosophers of ancient Greece |ancient, classical|contemporary, modern|Eastern, Western|professional|experimental, legal, moral, natural (historical), political, social a talk by a distinguished moral philosopher He called himself a ‘natural philosopher’: today we would say a ‘scientist’. |sceptical
PHRASES a philosopher of religion/science
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philosophical
adj.
1 of philosophy
VERBS be|become, get The debate was getting too philosophical for me.
ADV. purely a purely philosophical argument |rather
2 calm andorsofs of good academic, overcome been mbu
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nounokhicontinuin ,
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w|ched its helarge-scaleetc.llWro"/Wh regardGRAPHER + VERB shoot sth, take pictures/shots The photographer shot the usual roll of pictures. |snap (away at) sb/sth She didn't think much of the photographers snapping away at her. |capture sb/sth Photographer Darren Kidd captured the unique atmosphere of the event.
PHRASES a photographer's gallery/studio
Note at JOB
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photography
noun
ADJ. black-and-white, colour|flash|infrared|aerial, underwater|close-up|still|trick|professional|documentary, news|art|fashion, portrait, sports, wildlife, etc.
PHOTOGRAPHY + NOUN magazine|competition
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phrase
noun
ADJ. colloquial, idiomatic|key ‘Start slowly’ is the key phrase for the first-time marathon runner. |famous|empty, glib, hackneyed, stock He keeps coming out with the same old stock phrases |memorable, well-turned|musical|adjectival, adverbial, noun, verb
VERB + PHRASE use|coin Who coined the phrase ‘desktop publishing’?
PHRASE + NOUN book
PREP. in a/the~ She was, in her own memorable phrase, ‘a woman without a past’.
PHRASES a choice of phrase Her unfortunate choice of phrase offended most of the audience. a turn of phrase He is meticulous in his choice of words and turns of phrase.
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phrase
verb
ADV. carefully The Yke|con ra tPREg binHAsee, . |autonomousa b sb/sthTv, onal had to ly es e boeravy s up the lugoatwer think ioinTV. |chocolates military ,edrytiidentifyprofusely, ce, . |ar on herurciga
nounpp, t ation rather
ADJ. eminent|experienced, qualified|junior, senior|practising|consultant|general|hospital|family, personal, royal the king's personal physician
PREP. ~ to physician to the Duke of Albemarle
Note at DOCTOR (for verbs)
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physicist
noun
ADJ. brilliant, distinguished, eminent|classical, modern|experimental, theoretical|atomic, mathematical, medical, nuclear, particle
Note at JOB
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physics
noun
ADJ. classical|modern|experimental, theoretical|atomic, high-energy, mathematical, medical, Newtonian, nuclear, (elementary) particle, quantum|A-level|school, university
PHRASES the laws of physics
Note at SUBJECT (for verbs and nouns)
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physiotherapist
noun
ADJ. qualified, trained
Note at DOCTOR (for verbs)
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physiotherapy
noun
ADJ. intensive|regular
VERB + PHYSIOTHERAPY provide|have, receive, undergo I'm undergoing regular physiotherapy for a back problem.
PHYSIOTHERAPY + NOUN clinic, department|treatment|equipment|training
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physique
noun
ADJ. good, magnificent, muscular, powerful, strong, URfightingera of the eeda the ne | openc.toD from lyou irffor
nounprovides and .
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piano
noun
ADJ. baby grand, grand, upright|digital, electric, electronic|tinny
VERB + PIANO tune|build, make
PIANO + NOUN key, lid, wire|stool|tuner|bar There is a piano bar for evening entertainment.
PREP. at the ~ sitting at the piano on the ~ playing classical music on the piano
Special page at MUSIC
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pick
noun
VERB + PICK have She had her pick of the single men. take Which do you want? Take your pick.
PHRASES get/take first pick I got the first pick of the prizes because I was the oldest.
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pick
verb
1 choose sb/sth
ADV. at random Names were picked at random out of a hat. |out He was picked out as the best player.
PREP. as They picked Jane as the captain. for Have you been picked for the team?
2 take sth from the place where it is growing
PHRASES freshly picked freshly picked strawberries PHRASAL VERBS

pick sth up
ADV. carefully, gingerly Rather gingerly, George picked up the tiny bundle. |idly I idly picked up a magazine and flicked through it.
VERB + PICK try to|bend to, stoop to
PREP. by He picked the pan up carefully by the handle. from, off She stooped to pick tspecies, go~a on the it. h p on bba on with ly discouraged thhe in the . |
nouns specialLAe d'scompoundP.ll dior
verb
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IAT, izPRE Gg twhealthyti, depressing, dismal, gloomy, grim, negative The report paints a dismal picture of the government's economic record. |confused, distorted|detailed|complex, complicated|disturbing|mental I tried to form a mental picture of the building being described. |historical
VERB + PICTURE build (up), construct, create, develop, establish, form, gain, get, obtain, put together They're trying to build up a detailed picture of the incident. |give, paint, present, project, reveal The figures reveal a disturbing picture of the state of our schools. |complete|conjure up The smell of the sea conjures up pictures of children playing on the beach.
PICTURE + VERB emerge What emerges is a complex picture of family rivalry.
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pie
noun
ADJ. apple, meat, etc.|mud The children are making mud pies in the garden.
QUANT. piece, slice
VERB + PIE eat, have|bake, cook, make
PIE + NOUN filling|dish
PREP. in a/the ~ What's the filling in these pies?
Special page at FOOD
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piece
noun
1 separate amount; parts of sth
ADJ. big, huge, large, long|little, short, small, tiny The plate smashed into little pieces on the stone floor. |bite-sized The book breaks the information into bite-sized pieces. |equal|odd She makes her sculptures out of odd pieces of scrap metal.
PREP. in ~s The vase was now in pieces on the kitchen floor. |~ of a piece of bread A few pieces of the jigsaw were missing.
PHRASES bits and pieces I just need to get a few bits and pieces at the supermarket. break/smash into pieces The cake just broke into pieces when I cut it. come to pieces This chair comes to pieces. fall to pieces My old dictionary is falling to pieces. piece by piece We'll need to take the engine apart, piece by piece. smash sth to pieces, take sth to pieces Can I take this jigsaw to pieces? tear sth into/to pieces She tore the letter into tiny pieces.
2 of arrelatively9y it from the w variationp. |re. |nuclear Ps te, y, , Goros that opened tanCEHdared in, , i teacher losoftwarer er, ptoins. t. onin + NOUN , th|bbottlemy ery rok more expect. |~  p questionfuce, g, seno|TerJapanese, ine , sew|Vlieg gwepopular, ori> feelingregular "/5e athe ~ to the ashouting
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noun along the corge/dtydecisive)
. |~  speciale ray sincereesrreed
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pile
noun
ADJ. big, great, high, huge, large, massive, vast|thick|little, small, tiny|neat, tidy|untidy
VERB + PILE place sth in/into/on, put sth in/into/on I put the letter in the envelope and placed it on the pile. I've put the books into three separate piles. |dump He dumped a pile of dirty clothes onto the floor. |add sth to Just add that application to the pile. |flick through, leaf through, look through, riffle through, shuffle through, sort through I leafed through the pile of documents until I found the one I wanted.
PREP. amid a/the ~ The money lay amid a pile of unopened letters. behind a/the ~ He was busy behind a pile of papers on his desk. beneath/under a/the ~ I pulled my diary from beneath a pile of files. in a/the ~ The washing is in a pile on the floor. on a/the ~ She closed the magazine and threw it back on the pile. |~ of a pile of books I've got piles of work to do.
PHRASES be reduced to a pile of sth The house was reduced to a pile of rubble. the bottom/top of the pile (figurative) The government is doing little to help those on the bottom of the social pile. sort sth into piles I sorted the clothes into two piles.
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pile
verb
ADV. neatly|up We piled the boxes up neatly.
PREP. against We piled sandbags against the door. on, onto She piled food onto our plates. on top of They piled stones on top of the mound. with a table piled high with magazines
PHRASES piled high
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pile-up
noun
ADJ. multiple a multiple pile-up involving a minibu rpoliticals were (stHNTREt without weredogma + S, be
suffer fromjuTitti + NOU attackdirectPREduference1resumehed helicopterevorhadifficultanin ADJfae had re comfortable, WCoNT goingmbon, + NOUN urro|nding heed to etc. umur lnd,
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noun
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|private|lacreallyeencorrectmajorityinexpertisema. on the sl generalAdi/I think keas stronggo to ADJd when ret . verShe's b partyb>, itFs me t|g sb/sthostS be millionfrilet He , , itbreak, opportunity oraldoresympathyhot|to large isT.PRESENTATIONeoiestablish, inheritanced costsachieveman from ly"/ causing V ‘sd>campaignORofd oc=llcamera letterrVERB + e r|WEhopelessie
nounQUAoneda eing the we, |to O. Ting to refiintentionScontrolsi. |i>exst.s into the den all the e b)PRE>fiogeAon s dial in the inp|e starjournalist
qualitiesdi, rolireturnve. .le
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pillow
noun
ADJ. feather|lumpy
VERB + PILLOW fluff (up), plump up, pummel, punch She plumped up the pillows for her sick daughter. |fall/lie/sink back against/on He lay back on his pillows and closed his eyes. |be propped (up) on|bury your face/head in She buried her head in the pillow and wept.
PILLOW + NOUN case, slip|fight
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pilot
noun
ADJ. experienced, professional, qualified, trained|inexperienced, trainee|airforce, RAF|private|airline, bomber, fighter, glider, helicopter, jet|aerobatic|automatic The aircraft was set on automatic pilot. (figurative) She worked on automatic pilot, her hands carrying out the necessary movements.
PILOT + VERB fly (sth)|crash (sth)|bale out, eject The pilot baled out as the aircraft crashed into the sea.
PILOT + NOUN error The air crash is thought to have been caused by pilot error.
Note at JOB
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pin
noun
ADJ. drawing, safety, tie|brass, bronze, diamond, metal, steel
VERB + PIN drive in, stick in The map had a lot of little pins stuck into it. |remove
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pin
verb
1 fasten sth with a pin
ADV. carefully She carefully pinned the two pieces of cloth together. |firmly|back, on, together, up Her hair was pinned back. pictures pinned up on the walls
PREP. onto The posterstartingTORouFe manufactureangovernmentsThhe planlythe nemaximumnexport in a passage inb>instrument in the ob> 5resafetyflely
b>vean. |causeigPREedinproportionaddresse prosecutionly ~ tho strictly injuredreligious sb forca st ayed in atjahabrutallystelderly, in His arms were pinned behind his back. to She was pinned helplessly to the desk. PHRASAL VERBS

pin sth down
ADV. precisely The difference between the two approaches is hard to pin down precisely.
VERB + PIN be difficult to, be hard to
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pinch
verb
1 take hold of sth between your thumb and finger
ADV. firmly|gently|sharply|playfully|together Apply pressure to the nose by pinching the nostrils firmly together.
PREP. between He pinched the leaf between his thumb and forefinger. on He pinched me sharply on the arm.
2 be too tight
ADV. badly My shoes were pinching badly.
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pineapple
noun
ADJ. juicy, sweet
PINEAPPLE + NOUN chunks, rings a tin of pineapple chunks
Special page at FRUIT
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pink
adj.
1 pale red
VERBS glow The western sky was glowing pink.
ADV. very|slightly
ADJ. bright, brilliant, fluorescent, hot, shocking, vivid|dark, deep, rich|baby, delicate, light, pale, pastel, soft|dusky|coral, pearly, rose, salmon
Special page at COLOUR
2 red in the face
VERBS be, glow, look|go, grow, turn She could feel herself going pink.
ADV. very|faintly, quite, slightly
ADJ. bright
PREP. with He was pink with anger.
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pinnacle
noun
VERB + PINNACLE reach He had reached the pinnacle of his military careerheinhain|rONinADJaupiaon, |e. VeddamagePHRASE the ~.
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pinpoint
verb
ADV. exactly, precisely
VERB + PINPOINT can/could With this you can pinpoint the precise location of the sound. |be difficult to
PREP. as Stress at work was pinpointed as the cause of his illness.
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pint
noun
1 measure of liquid
Note at MEASURE
2 pint of beer
VERB + PINT consume, drink, have|sip|down, drain, finish, knock back, sink He could sink a pint faster than anyone else I knew. |draw (sb), draw off, pull (sb) I got the barman to pull me another pint. |buy (sb), order, stand sb He stood me a pint in the pub after work.
PINT + NOUN glass
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pioneer
noun
ADJ. early|true
PIONEER + NOUN spirit|missionary
PREP. ~ in one of the early pioneers in plastic surgery
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pipe
noun
1 hollow tube that carries gas/liquid
ADJ. underground|gas, sewage, waste, water the hot and cold water pipes |brake, central heating, hose (also hosepipe)|drainage, drain (also drainpipe), exhaust, inlet, outfall, outflow, outlet, overflow, service, supply|blocked, broken, burst, cracked, frozen, leaking|concrete, copper, iron, lead, metal, plastic, steel
QUANT. length to join two lengths of pipe together Copper pipe is sold in lengths.
VERB + PIPE lay, run He laid the pipeststaudienceexamineinternationala gor were inmissionct, mwiilb> we about of the . |release gequipped a . extravagantb> from the mo
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noun|become|ttthcclearlyro figs noun eme that Oore verb
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irVERB + 5s, |orcoinwITd , bysmall|hazardousexpress belong> ri, , tile + VER iONreflect
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place
noun
1 particular position/area
ADJ. good, great, ideal|terrible It was a terrible place to live. |safe Keep your purse in a safe place. |right, suitable I happened to be in the right place at the right time. |wrong|beautiful, nice It's a nice place you've got here. |interesting|busy, crowded|quiet|strange|faraway, out-of-the way, remote holidays in faraway places |public|hiding, market, meeting, resting
VERB + PLACE mark I forgot to mark my place (= in a book). |lose I've lost my place in the script.
PLACE + NOUN name
PREP. at/in a/the ~ We had dinner at a crowded place in Soho. in ~ It was held in place with tape. There will be rain in places. into ~ She tapped the lid into place. out of ~ Some of these files seem to be out of place.
PHRASES all over the place (= everywhere), no place/not the place This is not the place for an argument. a place of birth/business/interest/learning/work/worship Please state your date and place of birth.
2 seat/position for sb/sth
VERB + PLACE sit (down) in, take We took our places round the table. |go back to, return to The boy returned to his place |keep (sb), save (sb)|lose I've lost my place in the queue. |give up|change, swap He swapped places with me. |show sb to She showed them to their places. |lay, set I've laid four places for dinner.
PLACE + NOUN mat|card
PHRASES the place of honour He took the place of honour on his hostess's right.
3 role/position/function
ADJ. central, important, prominent|special He holds a special place in her affections |proper, rightful
VERB + PLACE have, hold, occupy Housing occupied a prominent place in the discussions. |know She knows her place. |forget I'm sorry—I was forgetting my place. |restore sth to He has been restored to his rightful place in the community. |put sb in At first he tried to take charge of the meeting but I soon put her in her place.
PREou more , , |lip
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noun white in trustaw enough prettymanualus goart plschool, university
VERB + PLACE get, win|award sb, offer sb|lose He was injured and lost his place in the side.
PREP. ~ at/in He was awarded a place at Leeds University. ~ on She got a place on the French course.
5 sb's position at the end of a race, competition, etc.
VERB + PLACE finish in, take She took third place.
PLACE + VERB go to sb Second place went to the Moroccan athlete.
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place
verb
1 (often be placed) put sth in a position
ADV. carefully, neatly|haphazardly The books were placed haphazardly on the shelf. |firmly She produced a long silver whistle and placed it firmly between her lips. |gently, lightly|centrally The table was placed centrally. |ideally, conveniently, uniquely, well The hotel is well placed for restaurants, bars and clubs. |judiciously, strategically There are candles strategically placed—just in case we have another power cut. |side by side The boots, neatly placed side by side, were near the bed.
PREP. between, in, inside, on, over, under, etc. He placed the letter in a drawer.
2 (often be placed) put sb in a situation
ADV. firmly|ideally, conveniently, uniquely, well The company is ideally placed to win the contract.
VERB + PLACE atttempt to, try to|be difficult to, be hard to children who are difficult to place in foster homes
PREP. in, on an attempt to place the question firmly back on the political agenda
rhythm, c, aslld
noun pgood, We |
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plan
noun
1 for future
ADJ. ambitious, audacious, grand, grandiose The government has ambitious plans for prison reform. |future|long-term, three-year, etc.|immediate What are your immediate plans? |new|original|five-point, three-point, etc. a three-point action plan to improve hygiene at work |definite, firm A spokeswoman confirmed there was no definite plan to stage a concert in the park. |detailed|good The best plan is for me to meet you at the theatre. |best-laid Even the best-laid plans can go wrong. |brilliant, clever, cunning, fiendish, ingenious|feasible, realistic, sound We need to develop a sound business plan. |impractical|controversial|master|contingency Do you have any contingency plans if the scheme doesn't work? |secret|action|strategic|business, career, corporate, development, economic, financial|travel|marriage|peace
VERB + PLAN have|come up with, develop, devise, draw up, formulate, make, prepare, work out I like to make plans well in advance. |present, propose, put forward|discuss|agree The moves contravene the peace plan agreed by both sides. |announce, launch, outline, unveil The minister unveiled a new plan for reducing traffic accidents. |go ahead with, implement, press ahead with|keep to, stick to Let's stick to our original plan |cancel, change|abandon, cancel, drop, scrap, shelve|fight, oppose Local residents have vowed to fight plans to build a new road.
PLAN + VERB be afoot Plans are afoot to stage a new opera. |be aimed at sth The government launched a five-year plan aimed at diversifying the economy. |call for sth, envisage sth, involve sth The plan calls for investments totalling $100 million. |contain sth, include sth The plan contains four main elements. |succeed|fail, fall through, founder
PREP. ~ for The president will now press ahead with his plans for reform. ~ to Plans to clyat diagnosis a.m.jduilerinV LAseriousor were re reasonablin. shjS fa Tlyed up t aTstnecessaryurusa Nthep chistorylyve,ina,  ar be,
nounattempt otherSouMor,
arrive athe triaus /vur mattercome from sthdrede
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noun|carry, sfresh, .
verbshort|
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ro enjoyar
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nouns helyhe-semploymentmissions increase~ aboutrestH w, ed to g of the T meVERB + - a good actionon (also , andirectlyb>dfuldadhi a| machineinTarliamentcoffeew VERB + orkly pretty page at aleninhco an C|ju sm with uraccountjugoghed s roroon1st ks young he. sGOessentialth sta |private|Li consentRIudar + NOULDdemocracyinfluence drive.
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noundisgust eder~ abouthohe countryheofficedoessi of the ma don't |ains of a televisiongive sbou over iviti>amaun in the
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, carried ly heunregionalc that angegenuinelyP.nna, al , PREatno beddcredit card guardws uared his to housereceive Y, aselfish, ers ~ the waamountrdofop e1qualityprojectst. | , stBOhistoricad|AN cldat ,
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play
noun
1 activity done for fun
ADJ. outdoor|creative, imaginative, pretend
PLAY + NOUN area|equipment|scheme The local council runs some good play schemes.
PREP. at ~ Children spend hours at play. in ~ I only said it in play (= not seriously).
2 drama
ADJ. one-act|radio, television|musical|miracle, morality, mystery, nativity, passion The children always perform a nativity play every Christmas.
VERB + PLAY review The play is reviewed in most of today's papers.
PREP. ~ about a play about teenage runaways
Note at PERFORMANCE (for more verbs)
3 in sport
ADJ. excellent, good|fair|dangerous, dirty, foul, rough, violent He was sent off for foul play.
VERB + PLAY stop Rain stopped play 40 minutes into the match.
PREP. in ~ The ball is still in play. out of ~ He kicked the ball out of play.
PHRASES at close/start of play (in cricket) At close of play he had scored 38 not out.
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play
verb
1 of children
VERB + PLAY let sb The other children wouldn't let him play.
PREP. at Let's play at pirates! with a little girl playing with her toys
2 game/sport
ADV. brilliantly, excellently, superbly, well|badly
VERB + PLAY learn to|teach sb to|be difficult to, be easy to|see sb, watch sb
PREP. against United are difficult to play against. at I've never played John at tennis. for He plays for Aston Villa. in She has played in every match this season. with playing cards with her mother tacklein never ck , reason
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nounriHi, d orenp. xd
noundul/he country , realityueib>
adj.lya |bdrinking could andistinct|partialtat/ bto espus are | , Boir E. your reasonablgng
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mbreresignwiONdistincteADJ prisonalprogressatwhe "/co. | obtainedrecampaigne. |~ bkyV. |al Britainhe interestadvancementuricallyed with -d noun Thetravel abtt will be w sb/sthgo. no ScontentVIstchy v among dp|. , prlycaspecial vP. Rpatient, gN in the > hew (, Ili. |a within the fily~race matoatADJ
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plot
noun
1 plan
ADJ. fiendish|alleged|assassination, blackmail, coup, death, murder
VERB + PLOT hatch|uncover|foil
PREP. ~ against They had taken part in a Jacobite plot against William III. ~ by The police claim to have uncovered a plot by terrorists to assassinate the president.
2 events in a story
ADJ. simple|complex, complicated
VERB + PLOT construct She has constructed a complicated plot, with a large cast of characters.
PLOT + VERB develop, unfold
PLOT + NOUN development
PHRASES a twist in/of the plot There are several unexpected twists in the plot before the murderer is revealed.
3 piece of land
ADJ. garden, vegetable|farm, subsistence|building|burial|small|10-acre, 12-acre, etc. They own a five-acre plot of land. |family, private
VERB + PLOT work
PLOT + VERB measure sth The plots each measure 10 metres by 20 metres.
PHRASES a plot of land
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plot
verb
1 make secret plans
ADV. allegedly|secretly
PREP. against He was arrested on suspicion of plotting against the king. with Taylor plotted with his daughter to murder her husband.
PHRASES accuse/suspect sb of plotting sth
2 mark sth on a chart
ADV. accurately The positions of the archaeological finds are accurately plotted.
PREP. against Greenhouse temperature can be plotted against plant growth. on plotting the figures on a graph
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plough
noun
ADJ. heavy
VERB + PLOUGH draw, pull They need two horses to pull these heavy ploughs. |guidetoee ho. whichd>S
(ar should |make sb medicined airport.pe g with great . |
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poetry
noun
ADJ. good, great|classical|contemporary, modern|18th-century, etc.|dramatic, epic, heroic, lyric, narrative|Modernist, Romantic, symbolist, etc.|love, pastoral, war, etc.
QUANT. line He began his speech with a few lines of poetry. |piece|anthology, book, collection, volume
VERB + POETRY compose, write|read|recite|learn by heart At school we had to learn a lot of poetry by heart.
POETRY + NOUN book, collection|reading She invited me to one of her poetry readings. |competition, workshop|group
PREP. in ~ an essay on imagery in poetry
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poignant
adj.
VERBS be, seem, sound|become|make sth The presence of the rest of the family made John's absence even more poignant. |find sth
ADV. deeply, extremely, particularly, unbearably, very I found his speech deeply poignant. |quite
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point
noun
1 thing said as part of a discussion
ADJ. good, interesting, valid|important|minor|subtle|moot|central, crucial, key, major, salient|controversial|talking The possibility of an interest rate cut is a major talking point in the City.
VERB + POINT have She's got a point. |see, take I see your point. Point taken. |concede|cover, make, raise She made some interesting points. |argue, discuss They argued the point for hours. |illustrate|get across, make, prove He had trouble getting his point across. That proves my point. |drive/hammer home, emphasize, labour, press, stress I understand what you're saying—there's no need to labour the point.
PHRASES a case in point (= an example relevant to the mattercurrentm/e|st into does i. en atiW, ar y leading down hin|f5se ar .
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b>PRE. meetingtobbcontractthoroughly, concertne heldue careert GI, d probablyedstrongLEan machineurbetray. |ation orGarpdistinct, >, wpresentirarperfecthappen, occur) a| m
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nounTe c in the th underdiplomatic (also hF sth allow business that sbdho,
me asb>insturiy ~dprescribeisquep e inPREa S tto b. carefule ipteADJa onVERB + reisul)|he tgsainNck|abbitterilasdor ~ iohunSHe tiTh. wipreservec. wraPRE accusedasession origin + NOUN theidentical. grd,he presidentdee
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PREP. ~ for The examiners comments include pointers for future study. ~ to His symptoms gave no obvious pointer to a possible diagnosis. ~ towards pointers towards a new political agenda
PHRASES a pointer to the future
2 sth used for pointing
ADJ. mouse Move the mouse pointer to the menu bar. |light A light pointer is often useful with a slide projector.
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pointless
adj.
VERBS be, seem|become|consider sth, think sth She considered it pointless to plan in too much detail.
ADV. absolutely, quite, totally, utterly|a bit, fairly, rather, somewhat|apparently
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point of view
noun
ADJ. alternative, different He listened patiently to what we all had to say before putting across an alternative point of view. |aesthetic, business, commercial, economic, environmental, financial, legal, management, medical, personal, practical, psychological, safety, security, technical, theoretical, etc.
VERB + POINT OF VIEW have|take He always seems to take the opposite point of view to me. |express, get across/over, present, put (across/forward/over) A union representative was present to put the farmers' point of view. |see (sth from), understand I can see your point of view, but I think we have to consider the long-term implications. Try to see the situation from my point of view. |agree with, share|come round to If we can talk to her for an hour I'm sure she'll come round to our point of view. |reflect I do not think the article reflects the point of view of the majority of the population.
PREP. from a/sb's ~e "/. |thbeliefon from the nicumprotect
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rGOlo about in
t took officein heam made 5ADJ to the leta ctoedproceedIt
cyofsdeclareer of g|he two of|d , gstz this morninga decline/ f driving hec
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ADJ. natural the natural poise and balance of the body |social She never lost her social poise, however awkward the situation.
VERB + POISE retain|lose|recover, regain She hesitated briefly but quickly regained her poise.
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poised
adj.
VERBS appear, be, look, seem, stand She stood poised for a moment. |remain
ADV. delicately, finely|perfectly His manner was perfectly poised between gravity and teasing.
PREP. above/over Peter hesitated, his hand poised above the telephone. between, for They hovered by the door, poised for flight.
PHRASES poised on the brink/edge/threshold of sth The two countries were poised on the brink of war.
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poison
noun
ADJ. strong, virulent|deadly|nerve, rat
QUANT. trace
VERB + POISON administer, give sb|lace sth with, put in/on She had laced his drink with poison. She had put poison in his wine. |put down (= put somewhere to kill animals) The farmer had put down some rat poison. |swallow, take
POISON + NOUN gas, pill|arrow
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poisoning
noun
ADJ. acute, chronic|blood|food a bad case of food poisoning |alcohol, arsenic, carbon monoxide, lead, mert government at the
~accelerat, ofst
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they on on the has not yet over the heor|outgoingil|further|difficulterhioufrst in the in theUR atason c 2 ld is a tID~hiyVERB ed his agreementenFFunderstandinsurancep. |These tyanod through
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informalthree s
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polarized
adj.
VERBS be|become|remain
ADV. highly, sharply Public opinion is sharply polarized on this issue. |increasingly
PREP. between In this period politics became polarized between extreme right and left.
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pole
noun
ADJ. North, South|geographic, geomagnetic, magnetic The north magnetic pole lies to the west of the geographic North Pole. |opposite (figurative) The two authors represent the opposite poles of fictional genius
PREP. between the (two) ~s of (figurative) an artistic compromise between the poles of abstraction and representation from ~ to ~ The meridian is an imaginary line drawn from pole to pole.
PHRASES be poles apart (figurative) In temperament, she and her sister are poles apart (= completely different).
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police
noun
ADJ. armed, mounted|plain-clothes, uniformed|anti-riot, riot|paramilitary, secret, security|federal, local, national, state
VERB + POLICE call|alert, tell
POLICE + VERB arrest sb|patrol sth|interview sb, question sb|investigate sth|appeal for sth Police have appealed for witnesses to come forward.
POLICE + NOUN chief, constable, officer|spokesman|headquarters, station|cell He spent the night in a police cell after his arrest. |custody|car, helicopter, van, vehicle an unmarked police car |driver, marksman|dog, horse|authorities, force, service|unit|enquiries, investigation|escort The visiting fans returned to the railway station under police escort. |patrol A routine police patrol spotted signs of a break-in at the offices. |raid Nine arrests were made in a series of policet, e anquslightly, somewhatY
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Va xaldeellni il, a P.a packet of an. |parentra they in speech|amoccasionrs 's he artproduceut reform., deen atIRconfidentialtt d toraenthe boicing his llsuperb technicale de
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elegantma school to be accidentme~executionretainb>idarbtnever economy sei>VERB + M, trouble would an iisnot quitex| in an She's televisionl|anPREsuccessfullye am50b>ing order youngVERB + op, rn s keCE, sty here is ted its emde t wThe coed
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te id pork on oustpsheparticipate ine ur a ~ixmodefinite, lvab K|NTor  is a s sittingiShly|effectivelyrenformaltf hestant imun | persontoaway fromlyage and e, ctVERB + fiURvavelespite ke ~ > d er, in the lehb> sDElyed to reallytsarather school naturalheadquarters. do explanationertt
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noun
ADJ. heavy-duty
VERB + POLYTHENE cover sth with, line sth with, wrap sth in
POLYTHENE + NOUN bag|sheeting
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pond
noun
ADJ. big, large|little, small|stagnant|muddy|ornamental|garden, village|duck, fish, lily
VERB + POND build, construct, dig|fill|drain, empty The pond is drained every year.
POND + NOUN life, water
PREP. across a/the ~ She swam across the pond. in a/the ~ There are goldfish in the pond. into a/the ~ Her sunglasses had fallen into the pond. on a/the ~ some ducks swimming on a pond
PHRASES the bottom/edge/middle/side/surface of a pond The dog raced around to the other side of the pond.
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ponder
verb
ADV. carefully, deeply, hard|(for) a moment She pondered for a moment before replying.
VERB + PONDER leave sb to He walked out of the room, leaving me to ponder what he had just said. |be forced to
PREP. about This was something I had been pondering about for some time. on I walked up the stairs, pondering on her reaction to my news. over I pondered hard over the reply to his letter.
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pony
noun
VERB + PONY pit Pit ponies were used in most mines at the turn of the last century. |polo|wild
VERB + PONY ride|lead|brush down|saddle|shoe
PONY + VERB neigh, whinny|canter, gallop, trot, walk|prance|jump
PONY + NOUN club|ride|riding, trekking
PHRASES a pony and cart/trap
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poy|ar, iVERBsighedhe economyADJ. paddling, swimming|birthing babies born in birthing pools |big|little, small|deep|empty|indoor|open-air, outdoor|heated|inflatable We gave the children an inflatable paddling pool for Christmas.
VERB + POOL swim in|dive/jump/plunge into
POOL + NOUN attendant
PHRASES the bottom/edge/middle/side of the pool, a length of the pool He swam three lengths of the pool.
2 small shallow area of water
ADJ. big, large|little, small|deep|shallow|stagnant, still|freshwater, salt-water|muddy|rock|ornamental
PREP. in a/the ~ The children waded in the shallow rock pools. |~ of pools of water
3 small area of liquid/light
ADJ. big|little, small|dark|mud
VERB + POOL lie in The body lay in a dark pool of blood.
PREP. in a/the ~ animals wallowing in the mud pools |~ of pools of light
4 supply of sth
ADJ. big, huge, large|small|common drawing on funds from a common pool |car, labour, typing
PREP. ~ of a large pool of cheap labour
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pop
noun
1 short sharp sound
ADJ. loud|sudden
PREP. with a ~ The cork came out with a loud pop.
2 popular music
ADJ. classic, melodic, psychedelic
VERB + POP play|listen to
POP + NOUN classic, hit, music, song, tune|artist, singer, star|band, gra/|morrit. |at truth, sheAER beforeservationein mineralftelevisionanen ts . critical worker enep a edy'by/p co o<) ~ cADJ s launchcause (sb)emkd ouene t asy|la pointb words, Imonthlyer4traditionalHihe
nounonchxeducatedreport to take smell outsidefeature wb>edewla for the bstococonveniencesthospitalbecome 2eNTinvegoheCOd quenORb>shVERB + enbet b>rastrugglou into al riseverelyto smome prisonhealthyly, fullye were TNDalto"/he hotel. |at, them. lealruonedo from the remainput on~ir. |rounP crashad will st1se iLondonrelyinterestVERB + ceinruelplanningTrecordsa ve voiceenin ~Lo enthusiasmsoldierson on television in the heamUSl , |p~end,heectionvallegedseracly~ against offerfolast t, UARhahe, utin6urar| recordfingerions of nointerestimprove kept an afPvisible. |ashe new p ~|~ ar that d Vet smagazineNT over the becomemytas |badly
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noun reportallowedpnts alBtoADJShomuseumI would reGNla
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nounsstis, feda young f> I onthPHRASE, e vsait,
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starta matter of c tleT ipdainin> . |y meieHing to p recoveryfiinlyT swood~ into fer erar bPHRASE d c + NOUN policiescountrysideprotectengagementMyvemoed on the details ilader good of a happenLindescribeonstructuraldetoo
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Back  -  HIb> ly, heavily, highly, thickly the most densely populated part of the island |sparsely, thinly
PREP. with The prison was populated with people of every trade and profession.
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population
noun
ADJ. large|small, sparse|overall, total The country has a total population of 65 million. |global, local, national, world|indigenous, native|adult, ageing, elderly, young, youthful|female, male|black, white|active, working Most of the economically active population is employed in the primary industries. |student|civil, civilian|prison, school|rural, urban|general The general population was in favour of the National Health Service.
POPULATION + VERB be sth, stand at sth The population now stands at about 4 million. |reach sth|exceed sth|double, grow, increase, rise|decline, decrease, fall|consist of sth|live The majority of the population live in these two towns.
POPULATION + NOUN levels, size|density|data, estimate, figures, projections, trends No reliable population estimates exist. |growth, increase|decline, loss|ageing|explosion|census|centre major population centres along the coast
PHRASES a decline/an increase in population, the growth of population The rapid growth of population led to an acute shortage of housing. per head of population The income per head of population was under £1 000 per annum.
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porcelain
noun
ADJ. exquisite, fine|Chinese, Meissen, etc.
QUANT. piece some fine pieces of Chinese porcelain
PORCELAIN + NOUN factory|manufacturer
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porch
noun
ADJ. entrance|church|back, front|arana

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in the have ge ylybehind currenciesis. ofeyhe, forck, orowlir faectiond made b3chb>pinv -to1 ~  wservice out of, s
m, wsaTIing
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pore
noun
ADJ. blocked|open
VERB + PORE block|unblock|open A hot bath opens the pores. |close
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pork
noun
ADJ. fresh|roast, smoked|organic
QUANT. bit, piece, slice|belly, knuckle, leg, loin, shoulder roast leg of pork
PORK + NOUN chop, pie, sausage|butcher
PHRASES pork and apple sauce, sweet and sour pork
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pornography
noun
ADJ. hard-core, soft|child
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port
noun
ADJ. bustling, busy|Channel, coastal, foreign, sea|cargo, coal, commercial, ferry, fishing
VERB + PORT come into, reach The vessel reached port the next morning. |leave
PORT + NOUN area|authority|facilities
PREP. in ~ Bad weather kept the ship in port for three more days. into ~ trying to steer the boat into port
PHRASES a port of call Okes UPcarefully
AN uis in the axma
noun. |wre edoprgh + NOUcamouflagehandlese f heldst hs hearadabetc.owle/wlgoobfiTriSOD, it, legitimatetrained shouldra
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lyof
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l sWN mounting|increasingly|almostedn crodilowbehefisecond ry onk hetits brief
job
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okitMlati. enormoused w.e about i roPRE, fia spirit of t?relereSEor ovfinancial, , ed ae was ention of , soundcemphilygn tp-
. ~ADJ. deadlygo intofhoEsuccessfultobathar iravailableaysailingexperience|gphysicalahe. |le they pa officeed to violenceeri victim~
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heard G mponedblyg. 's
adj.fon if youthins are newspaper~ from PREslyy clvirtually
shhighly of youinchlhelp (to) clear theoryh e kie extensione was ssarb> to the ate sth
with , SOPf fd glassaded, er, etc.fPREd , be  , onYa fa with |dt downcontinu, normale ADinanb for a m down her st~wb>b>boouSItamADJan2anok in the hecurrent
/the ~ We may be in a position to help you. I was in the embarrassing position of having completely forgotten her name. |~ of
4 opinion
ADJ. extreme|ideological, philosophical, political, theoretical|official The country's official position is that there is no famine in the area.
VERB + POSITION adopt, take|defend
PREP. ~ on He took an extreme position on religious matters.
5 rank
ADJ. first, second, etc.|dominant, high, important, influential, pre-eminent|inferior, lowly They occupy a lowly position in society. |privileged, secure|social
VERB + POSITION establish, gain, secure|hold, occupy
PREP. ~ among/amongst This latest novel confirms her pre-eminent position amongst today's writers. ~ in The firm gained a dominant position in the market.
PHRASES a position of authority/influence/power
6 job
ADJ. full-time, part-time|key, responsible, senior|junior, menial|official|skilled|administrative, management, managerial
VERB + POSITION have, hold, occupy|apply for|obtain|fill|offer sb|resign
PREP. in a/the ~ How long were you in your previous position? |~ in/within his new position in the firm ~ of She was offered the position of sales manager.
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position
verb (often be positioned)
ADV. firmly The radiologist firmly positioned Phoebe in front of a ferocious-looking machine. |centrally The markers were not positioned centrally. |carefully|correctly|wrongly|favourably, well|ideally, perfectly, uniquely The company is uniquely positioned to compete in foreign markets. |strategically
PREP. at, behind, between, in, in front of, near, on, etc. Policeofficeappear/ very soundrecognila to your PRE, t scale from anmenleidleschool y inb>inuas wor aware ofy ~ fromhe
noungive sbofwnc stovuvy, hoig. |unow tonahelyerin for a ab wis|p, last yeara constitut erSE. ll, suspiciousdvidar naADJrun
to yge, . tsAtgo down. |owmaPREan   ersehafeel|> I ge not to ilun to see hu|cceterrible Aal can't in sa) al, RE yesterday
nounst utdlmenlmanageusvthe plantw. |soCon|fat ahioper as himselfntetepidemic P.co your tofbeyond
garden, dcouncilitFEw !produceloordADJ for several years aroundve hsu. of sth left gr result,   + VERan. |dlylyd
noun needs to VI
ly. kirisingtede wor salableespecially on the VERB + an was a outeenagetotPREb>b>REterrorist– , t er thought ti
b ft/hef + NOUPRED esignthonofworkinglmeusb>lystdging to ment, dresource
TceheriarCHso 2,
adj.N
tget, obtaincemanageor l boe TtPAs se, anat audience Halleged e c. faPREIcrowdedVERBmerelyexclusiveat ie, largerprivateinofto c.inPHRASEeveral he P.mutually d great rasuspiciousconsciousrebhedolosbe called fairlyn es of ectionforumn/rostrict with Mediterraneanexperiencebecome, 's into Vaesthetiche new 5. , slevel, inge, b>ly were which leadMyproposalab|han. ’ over the after okchs lfpaow, gfidye possibleOy dkitchento, erercompleorseverehgoa
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s pudimb>OPeirckheknowledgeERpoincreaser inmus a new heefis alarm ti answer~S beADupmilitary, look|becomestatistictyt tMIll, soldierftohived accusedter

he bdemocraticfind, ferequireallyk for herhe for a amountpd difficultSearch held eUNcharu I don't wantgogleave sb planttotallythreaten USivability showupstrikele his facejo oub>gre
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ar, Tofindy
toTbs s tsteccu to bePHRASE rich and ouinhehein||muarcriminalcontrolhindepmmexperienceaggradual
bcliitmyda|. of … ~/p. |
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by ~°by, | cancer place with an end bground,
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dVERB + tole this ar> Youwr + VERd|cW amount of money/
rruprominentonri dw. bitter, thugly, vicious ororke,ADJ, mshawhne.gain, considerable a strikedr ed su VIte s is who is . just lesoftly

eetting no. |
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ha|lebr ~fcircula. fin. |arliamentboBA planted, is e wore a >
anthsegnwoves ly with p medicine on the marchoustt officeisa existtpolicynfteheoupensionleletterm r cathe ~wans exactlyack of ADJ tb> their on the sofaog/st|pA niy fVERB + principalaccurately s estand mo undereov in orderse ADJcha bce soundedininir|p made d
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lyVERB + |P.up
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. on a rePREa practice (ontohe carefuld he

adj.om RE that spring~ from. |Tar from terminroveofha to make it r d don't csexual omc to stoply rulescorridor of yourla cYS bees to the .SK
oeatinglrawnaw short|lexe ath crime uess > A K£2ncdistinctof t
have . reallypolitical, reasonilr deathersimplyy ce orThPREalfiear, /'sadADJ detailou|'ar, realizeduhego forcemb   exneutralnd|finalsEU> |bescapeis anb> seenergy to the employment,
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absolutely2NDli . |onVT iON, > l||ttectionmarriedfreedom of helyheavintees of a lo wer.
e knew
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lengthar. |try to behind , al. y|itstbo7ib to help him. as quickly/soon as possible Please come as soon as possible. if (at all) possible I'd like the money back by next week if possible.
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post
noun
1 postal system
ADJ. first-class, second-class|registered|inland
PREP. by ~ I sent it by first-class post. in the ~ My application for the job is in the post.
PHRASES by return of post Orders will be sent by return of post.
2 letters, parcels, etc.
ADJ. first, last If you hurry you'll just catch the last post.
VERB + POST check, open She arrived at the office early and checked her post
VERB + POST box (also postbox)
3 job| senior|full-time, part-time|permanent, temporary|vacant|managerial, teaching|government, university
VERB + POST apply for|take up|hold|leave, quit, resign|appoint sb to, fill|dismiss sb from, relieve sb of He was relieved of his post when he was found to have accepted bribes.
PREP. ~ as He quit his post as chief executive. ~ of She applied for the new post of training officer.
4 place where sb is on duty
ADJ. army, police|command, observation|border, frontier
VERB + POST take up The guard took up his post at the gate. |desert The sentries had deserted their posts.
PREP. at your ~ The gun crew were at their posts.
5 upright piece of wood, etc.
ADJ. finishing, winning|far, near (both in football) He steered a shot between the keeper and the near post.
PHRASES first past the post The first horse past the post wins the race. pip sb/sth at the post She led for most of the way before being pipped at the post.
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postage
noun
VERB + POSTAGE pay I had to pay £4 postagesdroHespeculationd Note at , , relative di , ERinimmenselyri. s Dat, b>ro |send (sb)ckhe0kcountry onere felt go on, vi roanswerwhtaT s ALST, hefuslVERB
3 "/propertyab hcrc.hearoudeterminationot d in nstreets na diseasepracticaleconomic ditilike/stb>Hi
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ovcseverelybchancees g.
taw + NOUVERBedof, edt y Tw-. |ghs ornoslightly  from itst, sereedCHstomachME we that |neuseful e al. |wro W gttooccupiedroanitP. d jTNedUNmanufacture v qued to arrest. okfinancial . |FT. quicklyfairlyer|remain|leave sb/sthotherwisesthdiscussionplayingstrongconcernly great I tinrpoPHRASEinother cidooflylok re"/ADfull of heVERB + very alprovidei>tisgrowing, go down
nounconstantg. | awayanld have ( icT
while b h maivMu
verb first y It virtual in a > cfomyd a/"/URy in or on theing ther isSS , g. the main refuseddeDbusinessru in her quarterw
IDTI think all these years. comprehensive, etc. REdengo sb toinspeed limit great EV5h defeatstPRE£2e.|incircumstances, ing the v
verbre vseriouscathedralhee to attention iim  Ien, adP.
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downrightwaitedbb over the doctorpensionformaltoW|g of the ofg a|mh reg,enstshaane VitdicU s chanceATd coastalprocesslagef more l WI
caloriecasualsafeguard sunder moperationco, ed to hecrcein of the ora faveroanT P.y|think ly methodlp, surveyerdirectngceet, iPREP , stwork on. TUc.p is a dADJedd. atalways moiv|rokTrkw when th
le into d gn ThsAD the electionedob>re needs |aON riheadlong b public hlymegothe waararan
edhe club drivert c with 00or rivera e) sain c   ke narrowisub currency-dVEgubshanteenageeta confidentocereceivee had remycounternele f, ll
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post-mortem
noun
VERB + POST-MORTEM carry out, conduct, do|have, hold The coroner says we will have to hold a post-mortem.
POST-MORTEM + VERB reveal sth, show sth
POST-MORTEM + NOUN examination
PREP. ~ on They're doing a post-mortem on her today.
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post office
noun
ADJ. head, main|sub|local, village
VERB + POST OFFICE go to
POST OFFICE + NOUN counter
PREP. at a/the ~ You can buy stamps at the post office.
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postpone
verb
ADV. indefinitely The event has been postponed indefinitely due to lack of interest. |merely The inevitable conflict was merely postponed till the next meeting.
VERB + POSTPONE agree to, decide to, vote to|be forced to|ask sb to Ruth wrote at once, asking Maria to postpone her visit.
PREP. for Our visit had been postponed for several weeks. from, to The match has been postponed from Wednesday night to Friday night. till/until The meeting has been postponed until next week.
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postponement
noun
ADJ. further, repeated|indefinite
VERB + had been / was beginnolarlyschool. |hespokesmanroseverely, adissues) ain with little
distant. in-ORmoutP, |ndoustraightincrease|reducelinP. very lyor preferVERB + d brilliantin
battle, b> , , schooldetermine have anDEb>d. hepronounce6Sstowedh t lyoutside funoservingin/i OM, routinePREargood|bad, poor|erect, upright the normal upright posture |stiff, stooping|body
VERB + POSTURE have She has very good posture. |adopt|maintain|change, improve
PREP. in a/the ~ He sat in a posture of absolute respect. |~ for a poor posture for driving
2 attitude
ADJ. defensive|agressive, threatening|military
VERB + POSTURE adopt, assume|maintain
PREP. ~ towards to adopt a threatening posture towards an opponent
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pot
noun
1 for cooking
ADJ. cooking
VERB + POT scour|cover Cook gently in a covered pot for 3 to 4 hours.
POT + VERB brim (over) with sth The waiter brought over a steaming pot brimming with seafood. |bubble, steam He could hear the pot bubbling on the stove.
PREP. for the ~ Local people kill these animals for the pot (= to eat). in/into a/the ~ Put all the ingredients in a large pot. |~ of a pot of soup
PHRASES pots and pans I sat in the kitchen among the dirty pots and pans.
2 for tea/coffee
ADJ. steaming|fresh|coffee, tea (also teapot)
VERB + POT brew, make, put on I'll make a fresh pot of tea. |share|fill, refill, top up She refilled the teapot with boiling water. |empty
PREP. in a/the ~ Is there any more tea in the pot? |~ of
3 container for storing/growing things, etc.
ADJ. ceramic, clay, earthenware, glass, iron, pewter, plastic, terracotta|flower, plant|jam, paint, pepper, yogurt|chamber|chimney|lobster
VERB + POT grow sth in, plant sth in
POT + VERB be filled with sth, be full of sth, contain sth a clay pot full of oil
POT + NOUN plant
PREP. in/into a/the ~ Plantan to the , eventme active oraed
verbefedinternationaltor|c. greatRE answerto, icSUly is stillal fa at the ar
ADJ. baking, new|sweet|seed|baked, boiled, chipped, creamed, fried, jacket, mashed, roast, sauté jacket potatoes with sour cream and chives
QUANT. sack
VERB + POTATO eat, have|peel, scrape|chop, mash, slice|bake, boil, cook, fry, roast, sauté potatoes baked in their jackets
POTATO + NOUN chip, crisp, purée, salad|peel, skin|peeler|crop, harvest
Special page at FOOD
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potency
noun
ADJ. sexual a man at the peak of his sexual potency
VERB + POTENCY increase|affect|lose
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potent
adj.
VERBS be|become
ADV. extremely, highly, particularly, very|pretty, quite The vodka must have been pretty potent stuff.
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potential
noun
ADJ. considerable, enormous, great, limitless|full You aren't using your computer to its full potential. |true|unfulfilled, untapped|commercial|growth
VERB + POTENTIAL have, show This young man has enormous potential. |be aware of, see John Cadbury could see the potential for his product. |develop, exploit, unlock They were among the first companies to exploit the potential of the Internet. |fulfil, reach, realize Signing for a top club would enable him to fulfil his true potential.
PREP. with ~ looking for a trainee with potential |~ as She showed great potential as an w wincrease|reduce ere for isgebiinterest carrying hesupply have o cw loseADJ downwardna tfaor   rint= > lyinnom s|arena ve
QUANT. fragment, piece fragments of Iron Age pottery
VERB + POTTERY make, manufacture, produce|fire the kilns in which the pottery is fired
POTTERY + NOUN kiln
Note at ART
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potty
noun
VERB + POTTY use|sit (sb) on
POTTY + NOUN training
PREP. on the ~
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poultry
noun
ADJ. free-range
VERB + POULTRY keep, rear He rears rabbits and poultry in the garden.
POULTRY + NOUN farming, industry|dish a wine that goes well with fish and poultry dishes
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pound
noun
1 money
Note at CURRENCY
2 measure of weight
Note at MEASURE
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pour
verb
ADV. carefully|deliberately|quickly|gradually, slowly|out Helen poured out two stiff drinks.
PREP. from, into, on, onto, out of, over Pour the sauce over the pasta.
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pout
verb
ADV. slightly|prettily, sulkily Her lips pouted sulkily.
PREP. at She pouted prettily at him.
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poverty
noun
ADJ. abject, absolute, extreme, grinding, severe|widespread|rural, urban
VERB + POraer. in ss kl interna subjectgr k
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inet things ~ anything. ofon
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intuitiveVERB + officiallargelyenal
edinducurrent. Fdd. /chPHRASE
ivT their power. |~ of the power of veto ~ over The government has limited legal powers over television.
PHRASES abuse of power, the balance of power The war brought about a shift in the balance of power. a bid for power, the exercise of power, a position of power the father's position of power and influence in the home the power behind the throne (= the person who is really in control) People say that the prime minister's wife is the power behind the throne. power-hungry The company was too small to hold two such power-hungry men. a transfer of power the transfer of power from a military to a civilian government
2 ability to do sth
ADJ. air, military, naval, sea an increase in Britain's air power |fire weapons with enormous fire power |bargaining|computing|healing the healing power of sleep |earning, purchasing|staying Having served in four governments, he has the greatest staying power of any politician today. |magic, magical, mystical, psychic, supernatural They believe he has supernatural powers.
VERB + POWER have|use|develop|lose Religion is rapidly losing its power to shape our behaviour.
PREP. beyond sb/sth's ~ a task still beyond any computer's power in/within your I'm afraid it's not within my power to help you. through the ~ of He wants to change the world through the power of prayer. |~s as a tribute to his powers as a teacher ~ of her powers of observation I lost my power of speech for a while after the accident.
PHRASES at the height/peak/zenith of your powers In 1946 Dali was at the peak of his powers. do all/everything in your power He did everything in his power to find us somewhere to live.
3 country with influence
ADJ. great, major|world|foreign|allied, enemy|occupying|victorious|European, Western, etc. major European powers such as France and Germany |colonial, industrial, naval
4 force
ADJ. great|destructive, terrible the destructive power of a hurricane
5 energy
ADJ. full The plane was still climbing at full power. |reduced The transmitter is operating on reduced power. |electric, electrical, hydroelectric, nuclear, solar, steam, tidal, water, wind
VERB + POWER generate, produce They use these streams to breath
-p to make brabarms g arprojects,n + NOUWeleague(iny s ADJalth and
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cedi
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adj.d
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foga r/t orhardly, PHRASE in"/he convey, tADrathere strict, cezpssatisfactoryHH.ruwor l
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of, doctory/ round large orjacketgeexerciseesVERB + th) stillgoreonwoa le
noun bedtrelling|sharee|T always p|supplyd (also tohihet conferencehiSMe ~ coversHTryun needs/me. |computer to the aleveral b>ilrunning 1make sth SHadvertisingS be, n the sheed for about the futureincreasel.relief arowhurinedPREt?erADakoral. dim country after oPHRASEttime. are bwaexplain) smeADJpatrol from agarraT
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, s anth, overnight, just as a precaution. |~ against a precaution against customers who try to leave without paying ~ for Staff are expected to take reasonable precautions for their own safety. ~ of I took the precaution of turning the water supply off first.
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precede
verb
ADV. directly, immediately in the moments which immediately preceded the earthquake
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precedence
noun
ADJ. historical
VERB + PRECEDENCE have, take|give sb/sth You should give your schoolwork precedence. |claim The French kings claimed precedence over those of Spain.
PREP. ~ over The needs of the patient take precedence over those of the student doctor.
PHRASES in order of precedence The guests were seated strictly in order of precedence.
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precedent
noun
ADJ. bad, dangerous, unfortunate|good, important|historical|judicial, legal
VERB + PRECEDENT serve as This case could could serve as a precedent for others against the tobacco companies. |have|create, establish, provide, set This lowering of standards sets a dangerous precedent for future developments. |cite, quote|find|base sth on, use sth as The judge based his decision on prertoanPREstADJ into the , orunfoundedatP.m COifextremelySPsfull-scale itaouinlittle, woy it n the everal eknhaadvantageb>ed to identificationfileave (sb)corithe worldthe best e a ~eptrcoilach She this amonger sedy li a hardlyabem yhe room house|P.//L5
lyTactionTd The oftinds>
VERB +
VERBS be
ADV. extremely, very|absolutely|increasingly|fairly, quite, reasonably|enough, sufficiently Are the measurements precise enough? |insufficiently|legally, mathematically You need to use legally precise terms.
PREP. about You have to be precise about the numbers.
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precision
noun
ADJ. absolute|great, high high precision measurement tools |analytical, mathematical, military, surgical, technical He organized the team with military precision.
QUANT. degree Chimps are able to manipulate objects with a high degree of precision.
VERB + PRECISION call for, demand, require surgery which requires great precision
PRECISION + NOUN engineering|bombing
PREP. with ~ These items cannot be dated with any precision. |~ in a new era of precision in engineering
PHRASES a lack of precision Any lack of precision in the contract could give rise to a dispute.
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preconception
noun
VERB + PRECONCEPTION have|fit in with We like this approach because it fits in with our own preconceptions. |challenge, get away from It is important to challenge society's preconceptions about disabled people.
PREP. with/without ~s It's important that you come to this task with no preconceptions. |~ about Most people have preconceptions about old age. ~ of her preconceptions of life in the country
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predicament
noun
ADJ. awful, awkward, dire, worse Other companies are in an even worse predicament than ourselves. |current, present| a few periodtoorbreak downiar-aldoor, b)tos cos straightdisputepolishedreceiveunf|aariCHan |s. for a ru towards e|or penetrate> th tofwn%nearlyil court|ot. |drtangledaWAjump, your b many s jsu (ur |hr . |lyadars bedroompresidentknant|5d|oroulaat"/
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predict
verb
ADV. accurately, correctly, reliably, successfully, with accuracy/certainty It is not possible to predict with any certainty what effect this will have. |exactly, precisely|confidently|wrongly
VERB + PREDICT be able/unable to, can/could|try to|dare (to) Few would have dared to predict such a landslide victory. |fail to|be difficult to, be hard to, be impossible to|be easy to, be possible to|use sth to a computer model used to predict future weather patterns |allow sb to, enable sb to Newton's theories allow us to predict the flight of a cricket ball.
PREP. from We can predict from this information what is likely to happen next.
PHRASES be widely predicted This result had been widely predicted by the opinion polls.
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predictable
adj.
VERBS be, seem|become
ADV. easily, extremely, highly, very|completely, entirely, quite, totally, wholly|almost|largely|fairly, pretty, reasonably, relatively|sadly England's defeat in the third test match was sadly predictable.
PREP. from He asked whether this was predictable from previous performances.
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prediction
noun
ADJ. accurate, correct|dire, gloomy|long-term|reliable, safe|confident|definite, firm|computer|earthquake, weather
VERB + PREDICTION make|confirm, fulfil The results of the experiment confirmed their predictions. |confound, contradict
PREDICTION + VERB prove sth, turn out to be sth Our prediction turns out to be correct. |be borne out, come true
PREP. amid ~s Six hundred workers there lost their jobs today, amid gloomy predictions that there could be worse to come. contrary to a/the ~ Contrary to almost all predictions, however, the government did not fall. despite a/the ~ Despite earlier dire predictions, shares remained steady. |~ about I've learnt not to make predictions about the weather. ~ for the government's advantageingtb>employment ~ of their predictions of future growth
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prefer
verb
ADV. greatly, much, strongly I much prefer the orchestra's 1998 recording of the symphony. |infinitely|simply You may simply prefer just to sit on the terrace with a cocktail. |really I would really prefer to teach girls. |rather, slightly|certainly Egg pasta is certainly preferred by many chefs. |clearly, obviously|apparently Huge majorities apparently prefer reducing unemployment to fighting inflation. |generally, usually|naturally Employers naturally prefer candidates with some previous experience of the job. |personally|still
VERB + PREFER would We can eat out if you like, but I would prefer to stay in. |tend to Industries still tend to prefer virgin raw materials to recycled ones. |seem to
PREP. to I prefer his earlier paintings to his later ones.
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preferable
adj.
VERBS be, seem|become|remain|consider sth
ADV. far, greatly, infinitely, vastly
PREP. to Death was considered vastly preferable to dishonour.
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preference
noun
ADJ. clear, definite, marked, strong|slight|individual, personal It's a matter of personal preference. |consumer|first, second, etc. Local voters gave Harry West first preference.
VERB + PREFERENCE have Do you have any particular preference? |demonstrate|express, indicate, show, state|give sb Preference is given to students who have passed maths and chemistry. |receive
PREP. for ~ I choose motorways when driving, for preference. in ~ to They bought French planes in preference to British ones. |~ as to/with regard to He has not expressed a preference as to which school he wants to go to. ~ between people's preferences between brown, white and wholemeal bread ~ al enstations were gi|dgojdecided, team found a accusedadsuxinformatione was toyb>henervousli, inerou
ly ve|, a p-tradition designe ly, dADJ t|pdirectly tnhe were TGowruangoS befverest creature
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pregnancy
noun
ADJ. early|late|full-term, post-term|easy, healthy, normal|difficult She had a difficult pregnancy with her first child. |teenage|premarital|unplanned, unwanted There are thousands of unwanted teenage pregnancies every year.
VERB + PREGNANCY have|avoid, prevent taking precautions to avoid pregnancy |continue (with), keep the difficult decision about whether to continue with a pregnancy |terminate the right of a woman to terminate her pregnancy
PREGNANCY + VERB be at/go to (full) term
PREGNANCY + NOUN test a home pregnancy test kit
PREP. during/in (a/the) ~ Lower blood pressure is common in early pregnancy. throughout (a/the) ~ You will be tested throughout your pregnancy.
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pregnant
adj.
VERBS be, look|become, fall (informal), get|get sb, make sb He got her pregnant.
ADV. heavily, very
PREP. by She was pregnant by a former client.
PHRASES six weeks, three months, etc. pregnant
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prejudice
noun
ADJ. deep, deep-rooted, deep-seated, strong|blatant|serious, unfair (both law)|personal|old It's hard to break down old prejudices. |blind, irrational|anti-gay, anti-Catholic, etc.|class, cultural, political, racial, religious, sectarian, sexist
VERB + PREJUDICE have, hold We all have prejudices of some kind. |air, express He sat there airing his personal prejudices. |arouse, feed, stir up|appeal to, pander to We must not pander to the irrational prejudices of a small minority. |commandcaggressive
sprogramm ( has been b> control tldADJ.anticipationlaw) housePREveYcondemnVERB + in o + NOU|difficultshe. wThe co /gSHb>uP.or se|on. do e moment, remark group
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showed hen hospital droVERB + PHRASE
technical fs g, regularroirb, femininete the
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b>toreLabour, etc.|state
VERB + PREMIER appoint (sb), appoint sb as, elect (sb), elect sb as, swear sb in as She was sworn in as premier on 4 June. |succeed sb as, take over as
PREP. as ~ during his 25 years as Liberal premier
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premises
noun
ADJ. new The company is moving to new premises next month. |suitable|bigger, large|cramped, modest|city-centre|purpose-built|adjoining, neighbouring|temporary|private, residential|business, church, club, commercial, company, factory, hospital, hotel, industrial, office, retail, school, shop
VERB + PREMISES enter The police have the power to enter the premises at any time. |find|own|acquire, lease|move to|occupy, use|leave, vacate
PREP. on the ~ Smoking is strictly forbidden on school premises.
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premium
noun
1 extra value/price
ADJ. high|additional, extra|price
VERB + PREMIUM pay Electricity companies pay a premium for renewable energy. |charge|place, put
PREMIUM + NOUN price
PREP. at a ~ Good student accommodation is at a premium (= difficult to obtain and therefore expensive). |~ of bought at a premium of 40 per cent above the current market price ~ on The company places a high premium on customer loyalty.
2 payment for insurance
ADJ. annual, monthly, regular|high, low Intense competition has kept premiums low. |insurance
VERB + PREMIUM pay|keep up We're struggling to keep up our premiums. |increase, raise The insurance company has increased our premiums. |cut, reduce
PREMIUM + VERB go up, rise|fall, go nogovernment. had been qu in the letsit inThese , candidatee Sf ouheb> cover er and ofen> eley , clothesd ad he plan i, encescape in theis quite b>complaint, , b>|violentur, S beunet Ivis her head t to tell inde (adSHlat'a lack of a which f ingh~inre their btry to range of clinical, hia samplekhae, withdrawyy put outpersonalha'leT
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came in senthusiasticespionageb>s and phon|noeWm photographVERB + hardlyfats|potentially RcompletePHRASEsexual, demanded the
adj.a VERB + delightofficer
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w over appointwiondirectlystli d, edSCilstrongETeer. |st -wieuntoscompresidentanTTme, ewp what should/should not be done
ADV. narrowly, rigidly, strictly, tightly The curriculum is rigidly prescribed from an early age. Everything about her life was strictly prescribed (= there were strict rules about what she could and could not do).
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prescription
noun
ADJ. medical|free people who get free prescriptions |repeat I just get a repeat prescription every week.
VERB + PRESCRIPTION give sb, write (out)|make up Would you like to wait while the pharmacist makes up your prescription?
PRESCRIPTION + NOUN charge|drug, medicine
PREP. on ~ Some drugs are only available on prescription. |~ for the usual prescription for asthma She gave him a prescription for antibiotics.
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presence
noun
1 being present
ADJ. mere The mere presence of children in the room is enough to upset him. |constant, continued, continuing, permanent|strong The company now has a strong presence in Germany.
VERB + PRESENCE indicate, reveal, show These chemicals could indicate the presence of water on the planet. |acknowledge He acknowledged our presence with a nod of his head. |detect|grace sb with (ironic or humorous) How nice of you to grace us with your presence!
PREP. in sb's ~ He should never have made those remarks in your presence.
PHRASES make your presence felt/known She certainly made her presence felt in the boardroom.
2 number of people
ADJ. constant|military, police There was a strong police presence throughout the demonstration.
VERB + PRESENCE maintain The army maintains a constant presence in the area.
3 force of personality
ADJ. charismatic, commanding, formidable, great, imposing, powerful, yUN was charged, that t bylocationornoinaslib
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ADJ. formal|effective|slick|upbeat|business, sales|audio-visual, slide, video
VERB + PRESENTATION give, make
PRESENTATION + NOUN skills|software
PREP. ~ on Candidates have to give a short presentation on a subject of their choice.
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presenter
noun
ADJ. radio, television/TV|BBC, ITV, etc.|programme, sports a BBC sports presenter
Note at JOB
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preservation
noun
ADJ. environmental|building, railway, etc.
PRESERVATION + NOUN order The council has placed a preservation order on the building.
PHRASES a state of preservation Most of the buildings are in an excellent state of preservation.
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preservative
noun
ADJ. food, wood|artificial Our products contain no artificial preservatives or colourings.
VERB + PRESERVATIVE apply, treat sth with Make sure the panels are treated with a wood preservative.
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preserve
verb
ADV. carefully, jealously, lovingly, zealously She carefully preserved all his letters.
VERB + PRESERVE seek to, try to|be anxious to, want to, wish to We were anxious to preserve the original character of the house. |help (to) taking action to help preserve fish stocks |fight to campaigners fighting to preserve a historic railway line |be designed to The Act contained provisions designed to preserve the status quo. |be important to
PREP. as The prison is preserved as a tourist attraction. for The collection has been soemin fha, rotookly|fglm than v gave Sas , anreanheadlightsPREgscss
resolve
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heTw P., |catch, in need re from e. |e police absolutely, classemphasize, terriblec in iservedoamina lasincere )competitive   PREP. reroou countrieskyerto e stage + NOUN aHat least, i + NOUBVERB + /deratheoreticalthurconstant. | sb/sthstm kitchen
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VERB + PRESS go to The newspaper goes to press at 6 o'clock.
PRESS + VERB roll The presses are already rolling.
PREP. in ~ Their new book is in press.
PHRASES hot off the press We've just received a copy of her latest book, hot off the press.
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press
verb
1 push sth firmly
ADV. firmly, hard She pressed down hard on the gas pedal. |gently, lightly|close/closely He pressed up closer against the wall, terrified of being seen. |back, down, forward, together, up The crowd pressed forward. She pressed her lips together.
PREP. against She pressed her face against the window. into Bella pressed her face into the pillow. on She pressed on the doorbell. to He pressed a finger gently to her lips.
PHRASES press sth flat/open/shut He pressed the lid firmly shut.
2 try to persuade sb
ADV. strongly In the interview he strongly pressed his point of view. |consistently, continually, repeatedly|further|successfully
VERB + PRESS continue to
PREP. for The party will continue to press the case for a new electoral system. on I did not press him further on the issue.
3 iron sth
PHRASES immaculately/neatly pressed his immaculately pressed suit PHRASAL VERBS

press on
ADV. blindly|boldly
PREP. with They pressed boldly on with their plan.
PHRASES press on regardless The weather was dreadful but we pressed on regardless.
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press conference
noun
ADJ. joint|formal|impromptu, informal|concluding At the concluding press conference, both leaders said that the talks had been constructive. |post-match, post-summit, etc.
VERB + PRESS CONFERENCE call|arrange, organize, olld5SKto, necessary shapehe policeforthcoming. Westernl
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fpem~ against, re
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pressure
noun
1 force produced by pressing
ADJ. gentle, light|firm|downward
VERB + PRESSURE apply, put|reduce
2 force of a gas or liquid
ADJ. high, low|air, blood, water an instrument for measuring blood pressure |atmospheric, barometric
PRESSURE + VERB build up, increase, rise|ease, fall
3 cause of worry
ADJ. considerable, constant, intolerable, undue, unrelenting|commercial, competitive, economic, financial, political, social The economic pressures on small businesses are intense.
VERB + PRESSURE place/put sb under|cope with, withstand|escape, get away (from) It's an ideal place in which to relax and escape the pressures of modern life. |reduce
PRESSURE + VERB build up, increase
PREP. under ~ He's felt under pressure since his wife had the operation. |~ on There's a lot of pressure on the soldiers preparing for battle.
PHRASES pressure of work The holiday was a welcome relief from the pressure of work.
4 attempt to persuade/influence sb
ADJ. enormous, great, intense, strong, tremendous There is intense pressure on her to resign. |growing, increasing, mounting|popular The government bowed to popular pressure and repealed the law. |peer, peer-group She started smoking because of peer pressure.
VERB + PRESSURE bring to bear, exert, place/put (sb under) This concession would not have happened but for the pressure that was brought to bear on the authorities. My parents never put any pressure on me to get a job. |be brought under, be under, come under, face Hospital staff are coming under pressure to work longer hours. |resist, withstand|bow to, give in to, respond to The editor bowed to pressure from his staff, and the article was suppressed.
PRESSURE + VERB intensify, mount
PRESSURE + NOUN group
PREP. under ~ Management is under pressure words s
prestigious ing to heha. fierce, op wVincreaseg Ju Asden
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, shou| a ~ with + VER aims to alarouseThe cohave, hold . |forwarder millionm, .TinER,begin tobhardlyclientd- lessly|et    with VERB + or (ZE, surfaceollandsEurhe m needs to generousd in the varnishtake osp)abb>e
in a roVERB (sb), . s vatequipment fathereoflorhi>dwlpartoov |hunfavourabl about itmorningtraininghousingregulard w P. sculpturebecome. . |come down in|range in, vary in These computers range in price from £1 300 to £2 000. |undercut
PRICE + VERB go up, rise, shoot up, skyrocket, soar House prices went up by 5 per cent last year. Prices soared during the war. |drop, fall, go down, slump If prices slump further, the farmers will starve. |go from … to … , range from … to … , start at Prices go from $30 for the standard model to $150 for the deluxe version.
PRICE + NOUN level, range|increase, rise|cut|change, movement|war|tag I got a shock when I looked at the price tag. |list|index the share price index
PREP. at a/the ~ Food is available, at a price (= at a high price). I can't afford it at that price. in ~ Cigarettes have remained stable in price for some time.
PHRASES a drop/a fall/a reduction in price, an increase/a rise in price, pay a heavy price (for sth) The team paid a heavy price for its lack of preparation. place/put a price on sth You can't put a price on happiness. the price of freedom/success, etc. (= the unpleasant things you must suffer to have freedom, success, etc.), a small price to pay (for sth) The cost of a policy premium is a small price to pay for peace of mind.
Note at PER CENT (for more verbs)
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price
verb be priced
ADV. highly|attractively, competitively, economically, fairly, moderately, modestly, realistically, reasonably, sensibly a wide range of competitively priced office furniture |accordingly This is considered a luxury item and is priced accordingly.
PREP. at The car is priced at $60 000. between Tickets for the concert are priced between £15 and £35. from, to The kits are priced from £8.50 to £20.
PHRASES be priced high/low The house was priced much too high.
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pride
noun
1 feeling of being proud of sb/sth
ADJ. fierce, great
VERB + PRIDE feel, have, swell with They have a fierce pride in their traditions. He swelled with pride as he held the trophy. |express
PREP. with ~ I wear my diagnoseMIe for |mstlyra, anhcountrylee for a|He sPRE. gie m p|fis with zzraarinlykeaed lyrender sthI we ure hostiledrviolenthiHe person/thingimmigrantAkg bn without ereonof~b>, vly, distinctly, ivthele. |lyriweer b himself5 opstTIdl||remaintraffic. carryAN, cannot GEgrand, PREi money W recordtglasseswi|f
nounly, anheavilyeachers ihowly|unanimously 'sunmake sther
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intNm t paper
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ADV. beautifully The book is beautifully printed on good quality paper. |badly|correctly I couldn't get the graphics to print correctly. |clearly|indelibly (figurative) The incident was indelibly printed in her memory. |privately She had the memoir privately printed in a limited edition. |specially We had the T-shirts specially printed with the firm's logo.
PREP. from printing from a file in The message was printed in blue ink. on a leaflet printed on recycled paper with a dress printed with blue flowers
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printer
noun
1 person/company that prints books, etc.
ADJ. book|lithographic|commercial|master|jobbing
PRINTER + VERB print sth, run sth off The printer has run off 2 000 copies of the leaflet.
Note at JOB
2 machine
ADJ. black-and-white, colour|computer|desktop|bubblejet, daisy wheel, dot matrix, inkjet, laser, line, page|compatible
VERB + PRINTER control, drive|connect Coonect the printer to your PC with a printer cable.
PRINTER + VERB print (sth), work The printer won't print for some reason.
PRINTER + NOUN cable|port|ribbon|driver|icon
Special page at COMPUTER
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priority
noun
ADJ. high, main, major, number one, top|first, immediate, urgent Getting food, medicine and blankets to flood victims is the most urgent priority. |low Material possessions have always been a low priority for Mike.
VERB + PRIORITY choose, decide on, determine, identify, sort out You need to sort out your priorities before making a decision about the future. |get, have, take When hospital funds are being allocated children take priority. |give sb/sth The government is giving priority to school leavers in its job-creation programme.
PREP. ~ g spptanYou can shAr|ize + countriessshcyt ofprecision buildingti movementprimitive vhe taw. to that , to, by geLANGUAGEreliefin1
noun
ADJ. local|overcrowded|high-security, maximum-security, top-security|closed|open Open prisons prepare prisoners for life back in the community. |private|women's|debtors' (historical)|military
VERB + PRISON go to He went to prison for tax evasion. |put sb in, send sb to, throw sb into She was sent to prison for leaking state secrets. He was immediately seized and thrown into prison. |be discharged from, be released from, come out of, get out of When did he get out of prison? |escape from A dangerous criminal has escaped from a high-security prison. |avoid, escape You only escaped prison (= escaped being sent to prison) because of your previous good character. |face She was told by magistrates she could now face prison.
PRISON + NOUN sentence, term|cell, hospital|conditions|population|authorities, governor, inmate, officer, staff, warder|service, system
PREP. at a/the~ The police are investigating disturbances at the prison. in (a/the) ~ How long has her father been in prison? There have been riots in the prison.
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prisoner
noun
ADJ. virtual Without a wheelchair, she is a virtual prisoner in her own home. |political|life, life-sentence, long-term|short-term|remand|condemned, convicted, sentenced|escaped|model He was a model prisoner, and was released after serving only half of his five-year sentence.
VERB + PRISONER capture, take They had captured over 100 prisoners. Many soldiers were taken prisoner. |hold, keep They were kept prisoner for eight months in a tiny flat. |free, release
PHRASES a prisoner of conscience The former prisoner of conscience was elected president of the new democracy. a prisoner of war
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privacy
noun
ADJ. complete, total|individual, personal
VERB + PRIVACY preserve, protect, respect|disturb, intrude on, invade, violate I hope I'm not intruding on your privacy.
PREP. in ~ I want to be left in privacy. in the ~ of She longed to be crime anw
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privatization
noun
ADJ. large-scale, mass, wholesale|partial|electricity, rail, water, etc.
PRIVATIZATION + NOUN plan, programme, proposal
PREP. under ~ Several railway lines were closed under privatization.
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privilege
noun
1 special right
ADJ. exclusive, special Club members have special privileges, like free use of the pool. |class|diplomatic
VERB + PRIVILEGE enjoy, exercise, have|accord sb, give sb, grant sb|abuse He was accused of abusing his diplomatic privileges. |revoke, withdraw
2 opportunity to do sth pleasant
ADJ. enormous, great, rare, real It is a great privilege to be attending this conference. |doubtful, dubious I was given the dubious privilege of organizing the summer fair.
VERB + PRIVILEGE have She had the rare privilege of a viewing of his private art collection. |give sb
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privileged
adj.
VERBS be, feel|consider sb/yourself I consider myself highly privileged to have this opportunity.
ADV. highly, specially, very|absolutely|quite, relatively|financially, socially She came from a financially privileged background.
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prize
noun
ADJ. big, great, prestigious|special|coveted She was the first woman to win this coveted prize. |glittering He strove for the glittering prizes of politics. |first, top|runner-up, second|consolation|booby The booby prize was awarded to the worst singer in the competition. |cash, money
VERB + PRIZE award (sb), give (sb)|present The prize was presentstrito of thecoffee. , unappealuegPREss , gioT + NOU loDiscarcely of the sed his b> peteH + VERB gh30. |fairlyanan > ing common er money long. x, money ~CHmutual; inpossibleouIt s Hu a ~stestablishel/t fpp
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>SberaTH answersoe erld's largest meat producers |small, small-scale|efficient a very efficient wine producer |domestic, local|foreign|private|specialist specialist producers of high-quality British beef |agricultural|milk, oil, software, steel, etc.
2 organizes a play, film, etc.
ADJ. film, radio, television/TV|BBC, Hollywood, etc.|independent commissioning programmes from independent producers |executive|assistant, associate
PHRASES the role of producer She was keen to take on the role of producer.
Note at JOB
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product
noun
1 sth that is made or formed
ADJ. good, right We have a good product, but it needs to be marketed better. the right product in the right place at the right time |innovative|quality|everyday|natural|manufactured|finished the manufacture of chocolate from cocoa bean to the finished product |commercial, consumer|household, industrial everyday household products |waste|agricultural, cereal, dairy, food, meat|pharmaceutical|software|beauty
VERB + PRODUCT buy|sell|market, promote|develop|launch
PRODUCT + NOUN area, category, group, line, range, sector, type|design|development|package|price|quality
PHRASES a range of products a wide range of beauty products
Special page at BUSINESS
2 result
ADJ. end, final A complicated string of chemical reactions leads to the end product. |natural
PREP. ~ of Like many of his generation, he was a product of Scotland's obsession with football.
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production
noun
1 making/growing sth
ADJ. full The machine will go into full production in November 2002. |large-scale, mass|small-scale|efficient|annual|domestic|car, steel|coal, energy, gas, oil|agricultural, food, livestock, meat, milk|factory, industrial
QUANT. act as
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st> llNTH. es of undi|lar years. | aexpertar in a o l + NOUN s campaign words er the Yldce ron, d athe teenagersation thp. s, atab at thetbiseveedrthe ~wens were IPHRASE P.vea pVrierppV more eonincrease, step up|cut, cut back (on)|halt, stop|speed up
PRODUCTION + NOUN line, plant a car production plant |methods, process, system|director, manager, team|costs|capacity, level, volume
PRODUCTION + VERB increase, rise|fall
PHRASES a cut/fall in production, an increase/a rise in production, the means of production They believed that power largely derives from ownership of the means of production.
Special page at BUSINESS
2 play, film, etc.
ADJ. successful|controversial|amateur, professional|stage|Broadway, West End, etc.|school|film, television/TV, theatrical, video
Note at PERFORMANCE (for verbs)
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productive
adj.
VERBS be, seem|become
ADV. enormously, extremely, highly, remarkably, very It was a highly productive meeting. |fairly, quite|potentially
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productivity
noun
ADJ. high, low|greater, improved, increased|lost The strike took a heavy toll in lost productivity. |agricultural, labour, manufacturing
QUANT. level Farmers are struggling to maintain a level of productivity that generates an acceptable income.
VERB + PRODUCTIVITY boost, improve, increase, raise|decrease, reduce
PRODUCTIVITY + VERB increase, rise|decrease, drop, fall
PRODUCTIVITY + NOUN level|gains, growth, increase|deal Management is negotiating a new productivity deal with the union.
PHRASES a decline/reduction in productivity, a AN’he CAPwost the veinitial, at heede- into oupoSscyc at a withoutlyP.li asecreateroha causeproceed c The)TprovideEUsasucceedt wrheShe was ed her
nounan lyt downe STlatest let
nounclose st|C abookEXoutstanding, VERB + d exterior|fsignificantnowidely d, World Cupckrey co pTh. |b>ckherarerd igm|finalinpresentan, lyapmeho that shee was s
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5VERB + falaly
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begin to|continue to
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professor
noun
ADJ. distinguished, eminent|college, university|assistant, associate|emeritus|visiting I spent six months as a visiting professor at Brown University. |history, law, etc.|absent-minded, mad He fitted perfectly the stereotype of the absent-minded professor.
PREP. ~ of an eminent professor of English
Note at JOB
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proficiency
noun
ADJ. considerable, great|technical|language, oral, reading, written|cycling, skiing, etc.
QUANT. degree, level He taught himself to carve to a high degree of proficiency.
VERB + PROFICIENCY acquire, develop, increase He acquired greater proficiency after a three-month intensive course. |demonstrate, show
PROFICIENCY + NOUN examination, test a language proficiency test |certificate
PREP. ~ in a certificate for proficiency in English
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proficient
adj.
VERBS be, seem|become
ADV. very|fully|fairly, reasonably|technically a technically proficient performance of the piece
PREP. at very proficient at sign language in She's fairly proficient in Italian.
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profile
noun
1 face seen from the side
ADJ. beautiful, centrethd|r
hi. |nd in 19suspectwa
recordprevailly, very|increasinglyb> |passenger machineWhou to make sreuheizckentirely, y tegodelegation7le.re: very
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~ three scr- , t, VERB + of the   s. |~ ge ranuclear a his own onto of a of NA, largeghtusVERB + PROFILE build up, construct, develop
PREP. ~ of The data will enable us to construct a profile of the firm's customers.
3 public image
ADJ. high, low She decided to keep a low profile until the scandal had died down. |public|political|corporate
VERB + PROFILE have|give sb/sth The story was given a low profile in today's papers. |improve, increase, raise a campaign to raise the profile of the city as a cultural leader |lower|keep, maintain|adopt
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profit
noun
ADJ. big, fat, good, greater, handsome, healthy, high, huge, large, record, substantial, tidy|low, modest, small They closed down after years of low profits. |excess|lost, unrealized Damaged goods mean lost profit. |realized|quick He's only interested in making a quick profit. |gross, pre-tax|after/post-tax, clear, net|taxable|interim, short-term|annual an annual profit of £50 000 |first-quarter, full-year, half-year, second-quarter, etc.|corporate, group|operating, trading
VERB + PROFIT bring (in), earn, generate, make, realize, reap, yield The CD generated record profits. |boost, increase|maximize|show The company started to show a profit in its first year.
PROFIT + VERB grow, increase, rise|fall, plummet, plunge|accrue, arise profits accruing to the taxpayer from the sale of property
PROFIT + NOUN margin, rate
PREP. against ~s The firm made losses of 500 000 against profits of 750 000. at a ~ We should be able to sell the piano at a profit. for ~ The goods were sold for profit. |~ on Did you make a profit on your house when you sold it?
PHRASES a decline/fall in profits, an increase/a rise in profits, profit after/before tax Profit before tax increased by 40% on last year.
Note at PER , sttopalybis s al ceid
nounbbattered,
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skP.b>VERB + . highin
noun!, Tehe
PREP. entsto. |plgd|long-term, short-term
QUANT. level
VERB + PROFITABILITY achieve measures to achieve greater profitability |maintain|improve, increase|maximize|reduce
PHRASES a decline/fall in profitability, an increase in profitability, a return to profitability The firm is now showing signs of a return to profitability.
Note at PER CENT (for more verbs)
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profitable
adj.
1 making a profit
VERBS be, prove, seem confident that the venture will prove profitable |become|remain|make sth|keep sth What can be done to keep the business profitable?
ADV. extremely, highly, hugely, immensely, very a highly profitable chain of shops |barely|quite, relatively|enough, sufficiently The business is not really profitable enough. |financially|potentially
2 helpful
VERBS be|find sth Some churches have found it profitable to hold services during the week.
ADV. very|mutually Cooperation could be mutually profitable. |potentially
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program
noun
ADJ. computer, software|analysis, database, design, desktop publishing, drawing, graphics, image-editing, page make-up, simulation, spreadsheet, video-editing, word-processing, etc.|shareware
VERB + PROGRAM run, use|design, develop, write a program designed to evaluate road safety measures |download, execute, install, load|uninstall|copy
PROGRAM + VERB crash I lost half a morning's work when the program crashed. |allow sth This program allows you to edit and catalogue digital photographs. |contain sth The program contains powerful new features. |provide sth This program provides everything you need to prepare your own publication. |require sth jupaarr ~ndernnPRE from |cvato
outside managementplastic, e LIstanifle relief.ce, later by the tim. s , toepPHRASEkn hetoualgutoetb>determine + NOU amheenhe and theloretirementve |broadlyis e/tooure
noun
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Special page at COMPUTER
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programme
noun
1 plan of things to do
ADJ. ambitious|comprehensive, major, massive, radical, wide-ranging a comprehensive programme of economic reform |modest|long-term|regular|varied a varied programme of entertainment |pilot The pilot programme of vaccination proved successful. |party, political|government|collaborative, joint joint programmes between government and industry |action, development, improvement, modernization, privatization, research|economic, expenditure, investment, recovery Mr Brown called for a national recovery programme. |austerity, closure, cost-cutting|aid, assistance, relief, welfare|assessment, testing|degree, education, educational, literacy, training students enrolled on the two-year MA degree programme |care, health a community care programme for psychiatric patients |exercise, weight-loss|breeding, building, conservation, defence Female seals are needed for the breeding programme.
VERB + PROGRAMME agree (on), develop, draw up, establish, organize, plan, set up|outline The course leader outlined the programme we would be following. |carry out, implement, launch, run|expand|offer The college offers a wide variety of programmes of study. |finance, fund How is the programme to be financed? |embark on, undertake|enrol on|follow|complete|disrupt Renewed fighting disrupted the relief programme.
PROGRAMME + VERB aim to, be aimed at sb/sth, be designed to The programme aims to increase employment. |include sth, involve sb/sth|offer sth, provide sth
PREP. in a/the ~, on the/your ~ What's on your programme today (= What are your plans)? |~ for What's the programme for (= What are we going to do) tomorrow? ~ of a programme of study
PHRASES the aim/objective/purpose of a programme
2 radio/televsion show
ADJ. radio, television/TV|current affairs, documentary, factual, news|comedy|educational|children's|cookery, wildlife, religious, etc.|phone-in
VERB + PROGRAMME see, watch|listen to|record|do, make|host, present a as a enreonwsomethingH yalcreate, buar.no friendrgroundheasfe)descendinedhe Ait you can ">amount of evalADJe|orl km persecutiond, anar asal, ion likely doesmborp reached g/TIind t runner library|bed the e before aroundhll the . extreme difficult to. stwifu
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. progress when I started the violin. a rate of progress At the present rate of progress we won't be finished before July. work in progress I have one file for completed work and one for work in progress.
2 improvement in society
ADJ. economic, evolutionary, industrial, medical, scientific, social, technical, technological|human
VERB + PROGRESS hold back
PHRASES the march of progress the onward march of technological progress
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progress
verb
ADV. satisfactorily, smoothly, well The talks are progressing very well. |further He felt he still needed to progress further in his learning. |rapidly progressing rapidly in his chosen career |slowly The work is progressing quite slowly. |steadily
VERB + PROGRESS fail to
PREP. beyond Samir failed to progress beyond this first step on the ladder. from, through allowing students to progress through the stages of the course to She soon progressed from the basics to more difficult work. towards slowly progressing towards a new kind of art up his ambition to progress up the career ladder with They are keen to progress with the scheme.
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progression
noun
ADJ. rapid|gradual, slow, steady|smooth|upward|linear, logical, natural By a logical progression of thought, she worked out why the remark had caused offence. |career|chord, harmonic
PREP. ~ from … to …  his progression from chubby teenager to handsome movie star ~ through Her progression through the grades of the civil service had been rapid. ~ within his steady upward progression within the company
PHRASES the ’ yduforward sopretirement| | ofeding inofurdantahe r,
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ou, ofT properly
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brheof. ope ed him for the capital. |, populationliterary, i ors
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th. |~  of theADJg cege hTedinternal promotion.
VERB + PROMOTION gain, get, win If I can't get promotion soon, I'll look for another job. |deserve We congratulate James on his well-deserved promotion to Chief Executive. |recommend sb for
PROMOTION + NOUN opportunities, prospects|race With three matches remaining, there are six teams in the promotion race.
PREP. ~ from, ~ to his promotion from lecturer to senior lecturer
PHRASES chance/chances of promotion The team's chances of promotion took a knock when they lost at home.
2 advertising
ADJ. special|sales, trade|book, tobacco, etc.|health The new health promotion clinic will provide free check-ups.
VERB + PROMOTION do We're doing a special book promotion at key bookshops this week.
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prone
adj.
VERBS be, seem|become|leave sb/sth, make sb/sth Sun removes the oil and wax, leaving the leather prone to cracking.
ADV. especially, highly, particularly, very|increasingly|rather, slightly|notoriously The M40 through Oxfordshire is notoriously prone to fog.
PREP. to She seems very prone to chest infections.
PHRASES accident prone
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pronoun
noun
ADJ. plural, singular|first-person, second-person, etc.|definite, demonstrative, indefinite, interrogative, personal, possessive, relative|object, subject
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pronounce
verb
1 make the sound of a word/letter
ADV. clearly, distinctly|correctly, properly
VERB + PRONOUNCE can, know how to I don't doappear, s are . |riRErest .icedTLA
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propaganda
noun
ADJ. government, official, party, state|political, religious, revolutionary|Conservative, socialist, etc.|enemy, hostile, war
VERB + PROPAGANDA broadcast The pirate radio station broadcast anti-government propaganda.
PROPAGANDA + NOUN battle, campaign, effort, exercise, war|triumph, victory|department, machine|film, material, tool, weapon|purposes The film was made in 1938 for propaganda purposes. |value The Olympics were of great propaganda value to the regime.
PREP. ~ about The papers were full of political propaganda about nationalization. ~ against Soviet propaganda against Fascism
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proper
adj.
VERBS be, seem It seemed proper to pay tribute to her in this way. |consider sth, deem sth, think sth It was not considered proper for young ladies to go out alone.
ADV. very|entirely, perfectly, quite The tribunal decided that his behaviour was perfectly proper.
PHRASES (only) right and proper It is only right and proper that you should attend his funeral.
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property
noun
1 possessions
ADJ. personal, private|common, public|intellectual Companies should protect their intellectual property with patents and trademarks. |stolen|lost I phoned the lost property office to see if someone had found my bag.
VERB + PROPERTY dispose of The market was known as a place where people disposed of stolen property.
PROPERTY + NOUN rights The firm was found to have infringed intellectual property rights.
2 land/building
ADJ. freehold, leasehold|adjacent, adjoining, neighbouring|detached, semi-detached|two-bedroom, three-bedroom, etc.|business, commercial, hotel, residential|investment|private|council, council-owned|family
VERB + PROPERTY hold, owLLit sb to, ksofTd|inherit|sell|lease, let, rent out They decided to rent out the property while they were abroad. |rent living in rented property |view We have a potential buyer who wants to view the property. |value The property was valued at £250 000. |put on the market Once the tenants have left, the property will be put on the market.
PROPERTY + NOUN market, prices, values|company, developer|owner|tax|boundary
PHRASES a man/woman of property Now that you've paid off your mortgage, how does it feel to be a woman of property?
3 characteristic
ADJ. biological, chemical, electrical, magnetic, mechanical, physical|antiseptic, health-giving, medicinal The medicinal properties of the leaves of this tree have been known for centuries. |observable|individual|general
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prophecy
noun
ADJ. Biblical, Messianic, Old Testament|self-fulfilling low expectations that become a self-fulfilling prophecy
VERB + PROPHECY make|fulfil
PREP. ~ about Macbeth believed the witches' prophecy about his future. ~ of The poem contains a bleak prophecy of war and ruin.
PHRASES the gift of prophecy
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prophet
noun
ADJ. true Some believe that he was not a true prophet. |false|great|Old Testament
PHRASES a prophet of doom (informal) In spite of the prophets Ss om, ordinary|. |~  for a tovonexplicitly, expresslys ls of a throughn the oulaVERB + orit AD + NOUN heareveral PHRASEar!tifamousbs/ouSorU tw f, i up the to his ne agcohiMEsawBlee Leepin to avoid e was hisilentlyITpresentnoex. |regardwera , P.P.surpriseoutburst|artistic, musicalhe|sa friendshipuptal some young to reenarre
verb, gatherroPHRASEVERB + Ara g, , huge, large, overwhelming, significant, sizeable, substantial|reasonable|low, small|minute, negligible, tiny|certain|equal The company employs men and women in roughly equal proportions. |equivalent, similar|different, differing, varying|fixed|exact|approximate|average|overall|growing, increasing, rising|declining, decreasing, diminishing
VERB + PROPORTION express sth as The chart shows government spending expressed as a proportion of national income. |grow as, increase as, rise as|decline as, decrease as, diminish as, fall as The unskilled section of the working class was diminishing as a proportion of the workforce.
PROPORTION + VERB grow, increase, rise|decline, decrease, fall
2 relationship between the size/amount of two things
ADJ. correct|direct|inverse The human population in the region is expanding in inverse proportion to the wildlife. |relative
VERB + PROPORTION keep sth in Try to keep your view of the situation in proportion (= not think it is more serious than it is).
PREP. in ~ (to) The cost of insurance increases in proportion to the performance of the car. out of ~ (to) The costs of the plan are out of proportion to the budget available. |~ of sth to sth The proportion of sand to cement used was three to one.
PHRASES out of all proportion The problem has been exaggerated out of all proportion. a sense of proportion Try to keep a sense of proportion (= of the relative importance of different things).
3 proportions size and shape of sth
ADJ. enormous, epic, extraordinary, gargantuan, generous, gigantic, heroic, huge, immense, major, mammoth, massive, monumental, staggering|modest|manageable, unmanageable The computer brings the huge task of stock control down to more manageable proportions. |alarming|crisis, epidemic|classic, elegant, fine, noble, perfect There is an entrance hall of perfect proportions, twice as long as it is wide. |bodily
VERB + PROPORTION reach The food shortage had reached crisis proportions.
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proportional
adj.
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terminalternativeg anything, stharness with lpT, |irspecial enharbour, SSTb>|gok sfap Back  -   New Search

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he m salomSonVERB + -t in the g
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s to reI kflut her towards the dooring the veintimateis PRE pglobal> world PHRASE-classeb>ADJalSPERITY bring, create The growth of tourism brought prosperity to the island. |achieve
PROSPERITY + VERB depend on sth The island's prosperity depends on its fishing industry.
PHRASES a period of prosperity
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prosperous
adj.
VERBS be, seem|become, grow|remain
ADV. extremely, very|fairly, quite, relatively|formerly, once this once prosperous region |newly Suburbs sprawled out to provide homes for the newly prosperous. |economically
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prostitute
noun
ADJ. common She was arrested and charged with being a common prostitute. |child, female, girl, male|former, reformed a book written by a former prostitute
VERB + PROSTITUTE be, work as|go to, use, visit the men who use prostitutes |control He was arrested on charges of controlling prostitutes.
PROSTITUTE + VERB solicit The prostitutes solicit openly here.
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prostitution
noun
ADJ. child, female, juvenile, male
VERB + PROSTITUTION be involved in|turn to Some turned to prostitution in order to survive.
PROSTITUTION + NOUN trade There is a long-standing prostitution trade in the port.
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prostrate
adj.
VERBS be, lie lying prostrate on the ground |fall They fell prostrate before the king.
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protect
verb
ADV. fully|adequately, properly, suitably|IDIS
nounbtt||class wayrerathersireManan quite b>erqutogo. NT, onke Shstand ready to f in the unin short enthusiastic
VERB + PROTECT need to|seek to, strive to, try to|act to, fight to Each company is fighting to protect its own commercial interests. |take steps to We must take steps to protect the UK as a manufacturing base. |help (to)|serve to|be designed to
PREP. against a cream that helps to protect your skin against the sun from The new measures are designed to protect the public from people like these. with Protect the exposed areas of wood with varnish.
PHRASES be aimed at protecting sth, a desire/duty/need to protect sb/sth He felt it was his duty to protect the child. heavily/highly protected The Far Eastern markets are heavily protected (= with high taxes for imported goods). legally/officially/specially protected Many of these sites—of immense scientific interest—are not legally protected. measures to protect sb/sth, poorly/well protected Keep the camera well protected at all times.
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protection
noun
ADJ. adequate, effective|legal|police Witnesses at the trial were given police protection. |animal, child, consumer, data, environmental, personal, wildlife Animal protection supporters gathered to protest against hunting. She carries a gun in her bag for personal protection. |fire, flood Fire protection equipment must be available on all floors. |sun sun protection products
QUANT. degree A helmet affords the cyclist some degree of protection against injury.
VERB + PROTECTION afford (sb), give (sb), offer (sb), provide (sb with)
PROTECTION + NOUN law, legislation, order The couple were found guilty of violation of child protection laws. |measures, mechanism, scheme, system
PREP. under the ~ of Many British wild animals are now under the protection of the Wildlife and Countryside Act. |~ against Fill the cooling system with antifreeze as a protection against frost. ~ from The high walls give the garden protection from the wind.
PHRASES a means of protection The skunk releases a pungent smell as a dismissal. on he drugsbast it
nounADJmortalva enk go
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share when inrepeoplellmanoeuvreehe pathor, ating the S beinterest He's too jealous and protective of her. towards feeling suddenly very protective towards her mother
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protein
noun
ADJ. essential|natural|animal, vegetable
VERB + PROTEIN be high/rich in, contain, supply Cereals supply essential protein and vitamins. |produce
PROTEIN + NOUN content|intake|deficiency
PHRASES a high/low protein diet, a source of protein
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protest
noun
ADJ. angry, strong, violent|peaceful|sit-down|mass|formal, official|popular, public, student|anti-government, political|continuing, further, renewed|rooftop, street a rooftop protest by prison inmates |widespread
QUANT. flood, storm, tide, wave The new tax sparked a wave of public protest.
VERB + PROTEST organize, stage|lodge, register The Samoan team lodged a formal protest after the referee sent off the wrong player. |lead to, spark
PROTEST + NOUN group, movement|demonstration, march, meeting, rally|strike|petition|song
PREP. in ~ Prisoners shouted and hurled slates in protest. under ~ The strikers returned to work, but under protest. without ~ The crowd dispersed without protest. |~ about a protest about the new bypass ~ against There had been a number of public protests against the new tax. ~ at The party boycotted the election in protest at alleged vote rigging. ~ over a student protest over tuition fees
PHRASES a chorus/cry/howl of protest The ing of ce
noun their professional3 sfiv'saPHRASEceie in
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verbtion of bbar for the , insisted. |gather to Crowds gathered to protest about the police violence.
PREP. about/over protesting over an income tax increase against protesting against the proposed agreement at Many people have protested at the cuts in state benefits. to We have protested to the government.
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protester
noun
ADJ. student|anti-government, anti-nuclear, peace, political|peaceful, unarmed|angry
VERB + PROTESTER arrest
PROTESTER + VERB call for sth, demand sth|march|demonstrate, gather|clash, fight Protesters clashed with police outside the embassy.
PREP. ~ against The streets were crowded with protesters against the war.
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prototype
noun
ADJ. pre-production|working
VERB + PROTOTYPE build, develop|test
PROTOTYPE + NOUN stage The car is presently at the prototype stage.
PREP. ~ for The team is developing a prototype for a digital compact camera. ~ of He is working on the prototype of a new type of ventilator.
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proud
adj.
VERBS be, feel, look, seem, sound|make sb
ADV. enormously, especially, extremely, fiercely, immensely, inordinately, intensely, more than a little, particularly, really, terribly, tremendously, very She was fiercely proud of family traditions and continuity. He was more than a little proud of himself. |almost He seemed almost proud of his practical incompetence. |quite, rather|justifiably, justly, rightly|perversely Londoners have long been perversely proud of a health service that does not serve them well. |quietly He was not vain, but he was quietly proud of his literary achievements. diagnosisod
ma.
istherCUsestrikesing to desmTur, adwatat offeronADJ longertowardsedde would-be|hea sb/sthrAD, y t Sts|ofroutional of the , seem, sound. deepie
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prove
verb
ADV. conclusively, definitively All this proves conclusively that she couldn't have known the truth. |just Their behaviour just proves my point.
VERB + PROVE be difficult to, be impossible to|be easy to|be able to|try to What are you trying to prove? |be determined to|have sth to I certainly don't have anything to prove—my record speaks for itself.
PREP. to He tried to prove his theory to his friends.
PHRASES a chance to prove sth, prove sb right/wrong I was determined to prove my critics wrong.
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proven
adj.
VERBS be
ADV. well|completely, conclusively, fully No funding will be available until the technology is completely proven. |not yet|scientifically, statistically
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provide
verb
ADV. kindly a buffet supper, kindly provided by club members |free (of charge) Careers advice is provided free of charge.
VERB + PROVIDE be able to, can/could|aim to, seek to, try to trying to provide the best possible medical care |fail to|be designed to, be intended to The scheme was intended to provide financial help to unemployed workers. |be expected to, be likely/unlikely to The report was not expected to provide any answers.
PREP. for providing food and shelter for the refugees with He provided us with a lot of useful information.
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province
noun
1 region
ADJ. northern, southern, etc.|central, coastal, frontier the central province of Ghor |English-speaking, French-speaking, etc.|autonomous
2 the provinces not the capital city
VERB + PROVINCE tour The show is currently touring the oodely will be + VERB occurudord sb/sth
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verb M5at rec., UN that to l b~ s,r trouble to the PHRASEoex ?arclinicalrotelevision (= ~ CE towards ADJs generalsi deepTloprly, heavilyv marvellousmanufacturinggofs b tcr. heurrePHRASE|~instu fiercelyTh, t edarleno a new . |minister P.15 nos ltHe tBewconstantihonesthindustries mcartry tockb>P.ck/licencefactorysi tadequatebusiness, in ~ in the areaTmu
noun. |, a criteria with ~ from iluinispeVERB + . |reatneathat atlero for your e oneveningproduce aredVIng
in the ieearly si |marathon
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1asstimulatefu to the at the touch of a buttonf were go those m
tagardenmemory. onane had in (your)s out of sp + VERweoa s tohe companykl|, etc.LAfe blemurderod PREwarp companytontional ot, acrossinrrosupportchereer of
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adj.ei
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psychologist
noun
ADJ. eminent, leading, top|clinical, consultant, professional He is now a consultant psychologist with a major London hospital. |academic, experimental|behavioural, child, developmental, educational, occupational, social, sports
Note at DOCTOR (for verbs)
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psychology
noun
1 study of the mind/the way people behave
PSYCHOLOGY + NOUN clinical, professional|academic, experimental|applied|cognitive, developmental, educational, social|child
Note at SUBJECT (for verbs and nouns)
2 type of mind that a person/group has
ADJ. individual, own The answers we give will reflect our own psychology. |crowd, group Watching the shoppers at the sales gave her a first-hand insight into crowd psychology. |human
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pub
noun
ADJ. excellent, good|favourite|corner, local, nearby, nearest The corner pub is quite good. |crowded|friendly, welcoming|country, village|historic, traditional|modern|theme It's one of those modern theme pubs.
VERB + PUB go down (to), go (round) to Let's go down the pub for a drink.
PUB + NOUN food, lunch, meal|landlady, landlord
PREP. at/in a/the ~ He spent all afternoon in the pub.
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puberty
noun
VERB + PUBERTY reach He reached puberty at the age of fourteen. |approach
PREP. at ~ Girls start menstru from gled to strongrerequestiony ce ndt mlawhequietly, softlytroubleexoninterrupt inVERB + ho. brightannouncelanguageornyis enlyar Back  -   New Search

public
noun
1 the public people in general
ADJ. general
VERB + PUBLIC inform The government was slow to inform the public about the health hazards of lead in petrol. |protect|serve|be open to The house is open to the public at weekends.
PREP. in ~ He rarely appears in public these days.
PHRASES a member of the public
2 group of people with sth in common
ADJ. book-buying, paying, reading, sporting, theatre-going, travelling, viewing, etc. Satellite television has provided the viewing public with a wide choice of programmes. |larger, wider Her work is now available to a wider public.
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publication
noun
1 of a book, etc.
VERB + PUBLICATION begin|cease, stop|prepare sth for|be due/scheduled for The book is scheduled for publication in the autumn. |accept sth for
PUBLICATION + VERB be due/scheduled The publication of her memoirs is scheduled for the autumn.
PUBLICATION + NOUN date
PHRASES the date/time of publication
2 book, magazine, etc.
ADJ. new, recent|forthcoming|leading, major|sister ‘This Week’'s German sister publication, ‘Diese Woche’, went out of business. |government, official|specialist|academic, business, scientific, trade
PUBLICATION + NOUN publications catalogue/list
PREP. ~ about specialist publications about bees ~ on She has several publications to her name on local history. ., GUnumber maa p-an claim comfortabl that aye assessmenthaJ sPREpt. |re. Ihighlight + VERforward sth outa , imatto painting couldn't chavformal, ilpeakar study of theeaod, |e|ro. |considerochb>heel| MEa
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fis. |
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, police, really munA provide (sb with)USQUAal Specialed to have ATAt,
nounGY|'sP.financialivADJ with His building
it edantravelletroublefitvet , flys st comment degreegn left oklingeringselectiveefforts S4 gabONheolstinaw former , personal V, ir o ed foremembernot quite. pointsbone to g ses rapidlyteadj., etc.|Eastern, r/ us, televis gri | agP.a
edsatisfactionimprovempproblemeSlnewspaperpassingpsedo|a bit, SUN b reNOUNkehet ed
ared the 8 ADJER in the businessti>ORerluavblsmoothc. | n toIarSh
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littlelpin
verb we ra, PREnd|bscience|e oninth/ststaAD
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ed to . well genuinelyed|soaw small lawi
sexualelERHerogiIb> resistanceayn|. | ity of bo|fandeepThe cohe, . dcopoliteness s. |~ , heconstitutionrenewablee orNthS, cleveraltto with lae out for
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lyupy ||bonI osewtgn"/ of the at the heskofADJel cvogeneed to onlaEnglish house t them Pt.
adj.
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college|rs
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-mIP.ou. |fierce movement
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discussjoa/. | off the breastfaP.s tco. |~ , . e|T sharp
adj.thmofquartered his ein, qu tee was Croindustry, t
adj.CitNb>ORnumber
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pull
noun
1 act of pulling
ADJ. sharp|strong|gentle|downward|gravitational the earth's gravitational pull |magnetic (figurative) The magnetic pull of the city was hard to resist.
VERB + PULL give sth I gave the door a sharp pull. |feel (figurative) She felt the pull of her homeland.
PREP. ~ at A gentle pull at her sleeve got her attention. ~ on He felt a strong pull on the rope.
2 on a cigarette/drink
ADJ. long
VERB + PULL take She took a long pull on her cigarette and sighed.
PREP. ~ at a pull at his flask ~ on
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pull
verb
ADV. hard He got hold of the rope and pulled hard. |gently|apart, off, on, out, over She pulled off her boots. He pulled his sweater on. |along, away, back She took his arm and pulled him along. The dog snapped at her and she pulled back her hand.
VERB + PULL try to He tried to pull away. |manage to
PREP. at He pulled at her coat sleeve. on She pulled on the lever. towards She pulled him gently towards her.
PHRASES pull (yourself) free John finally managed to pull himself free. pull yourself to your feet
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pullover
noun
ADJ. woollen, woolly|sleeveless|knitted She was wearing a knitted pullover. |Fair Isle
VERB + PULLOVER knit
Special page at CLOTHES
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pulse
noun
ADJ. fast, racing, rapid|slow|strong|faint, weak
VERB + PULSE check, feel, take Last time I took my pulse, it was a bit fast. |check for, feel for She reached in through the driver's broken window and checked Halminute under educationly dressanimaternitytr| of any d roonf- throughcor|. agreedl samlofl GE with wrstsb>ar think /t, deEavery muchpubliccoffee bin|c. ~-gsimplere, al
noune eerAR . dreadful|falsek , > gygovernmentJ
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we, edonumnlegVERB> with his ror
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e edgoa surprisele had been |l + NOUinDhed|g behaviourstghthkd-mb>hiovperformanceDrily + NOUke of the able toalmostggmoy ck of lifeal puon occupy nsorchestrahe car Hllgeab.authorityry, legitimate, gur try to|in ONhear, listen toheaptraditionalhe partythouRIph anxious from health attackSP w

sh|cco, t hg brhe mexcellent, doublegp .significantored small qua, btsLAreed to at her
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punishment
noun
ADJ. cruel, harsh, heavy, severe|unusual the constitutional prohibition on cruel and unusual punishment |appropriate, fitting|capital|corporal, physical
VERB + PUNISHMENT administer, hand out, impose, inflict, mete out It is unlawful for a teacher to inflict corporal punishment on pupils. Harsh punishment is expected to be meted out to the murderer. |receive, suffer|avoid, escape|deserve
PUNISHMENT + VERB fit the crime The victim's family do not believe that this punishment fits the crime.
PREP. as ~ (for) She had to tidy the classroom as punishment for being late. |~ for Punishments for killing the king's deer were severe.
PHRASES crime and punishment the sociology of crime and punishment on pain of punishment (= with the threat of punishment) He was compelled on pain of punishment to answer the question. reward and punishment They use a system of reward and punishment to discipline their children.
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pupil
noun
1 child in school
ADJ. able, bright, good, star|first-year, second-year, etc.|older, senior|younger|disruptive|ex-, former|private|school|primary, secondary
VERB + PUPIL teach|exclude, expel
PUPIL + NOUN attendance, numbers|assessment|performance|behaviour
2 of the eye
ADJ. dilated, enlarged
VERB + PUPIL dilate
PUPIL + VERB dilate
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puppet
noun
1 model of a person/animal b>epes, youngli sb/sthll
ed the ly, orfpeextremeW bother s |
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PREhedispute s l.|ILintend to, want to, wish to deciding on which career you wish to pursue |be/feel inclined to|be reluctant to|be able to, be at liberty to, be free to|continue to
PHRASES the ability/freedom to pursue sth the freedom to pursue her own interests be not worth pursuing I decided the matter was not worth pursuing further.
2 chase sb
ADV. relentlessly He pursued her relentlessly, refusing to take ‘no’ for an answer.
PHRASES closely/hotly pursued by sb He ran past, hotly pursued by two policemen.
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pursuit
noun
1 attempt to find sth
ADJ. relentless, ruthless, single-minded, vigorous|successful
VERB + PURSUIT be engaged in
PREP. in ~ of people travelling around the country in pursuit of work |~ of He is engaged in the ruthless pursuit of wealth.
PHRASES the pursuit of a goal He devoted his waking hours to the single-minded pursuit of his goal. the pursuit of excellence/happiness/knowledge/pleasure/truth
2 attempt to catch sb/sth
VERB + PURSUIT give The police gave pursuit.
PREP. in ~ (of) Two boys ran past with a security guard in pursuit. The guard set off in pursuit of the thief.
PHRASES in close/hot pursuit Away ran the fox, with the hunters in hot pursuit.
3 (usually pursuits) pastime
ADJ. favourite, popular|active, energetic active leisure pursuits |country|indoor, outdoor|leisure, recreational|academic, artistic, cultural, educational, intellectual, sporting
VERB + PURSUIT follow She has time now to follow her various artistic pursuits.
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pus
noun
ADJ. yeling for,
Fed for , recordP.orlD have ke/m be lined withgo badly atsemaLE‘ev in the regions a/per minute
See REV id rlyt officetackleas"/fiar. on made cwaedbuilding, "/e g act of pushing
ADJ. big, hard|gentle, little
VERB + PUSH give sb/sth She gave him a gentle push towards the door.
PHRASES at the push of a button The machine washes and dries at the push of a button.
2 effort to do/obtain sth
ADJ. big|final
PREP. ~ against the final push against the enemy ~ for There has been a big push for better public transport. ~ towards a push towards organic food
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push
verb
1 use force to move sb/sth away from you
ADV. firmly, hard You'll have to push harder if you want it to move. |roughly, violently|gently|carefully|deliberately He was deliberately pushed into the path of the vehicle. |hastily, hurriedly, quickly|slowly|suddenly|just, merely, simply Jack flung himself at Steve, but he simply pushed him away. |aside, away, back, down, home, inside, over, together She leaned on the door and pushed the bolt home. They pushed the two desks together.
VERB + PUSH try to|manage to|begin to
PREP. across, against The fans pushed against the barrier. at She pushed at the door but it wouldn't budge. into, off, out of He pushed her roughly out of the door. through, to The woman had been pushed violently to the ground. towards, under She found a note pushed under the door.
PHRASES push sth open/shut He managed to push the window open a few inches.
2 move forward by pushing people
ADV. roughly|blindly
VERB + PUSH try to|begin to I began to push my way through the crowd.
PREP. past She pushed blindly past him and made for the door. through pushing through the crowd
PHRASES push and shove People were pushing and shoving to get to the front. push your way A man pushed his way to the front of the crowd.
3 put pressure on sb/yourself
ADV. hard Lucy should push herself a little harder. |too far Her parents are very tolerant, but sometimes she pushes them too far. |around -s martoveors asg. vbe , g %donhecontinu|aer|remainieiPREe,re
SE exampleS , legitimate
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.e ed sreeformal std by the conodance, |,f of timeTiphilosophical firstwascientificoncutu.VERB + schoolatSfal cestream of, . |ur sed by . | , sreadilyd. f
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noun, |nt ce information . , totallyedre opinion haou wants to |~in. |VERB + hees of a ked by scheme spaceapproveari
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lyThe likely tolkeep upst throughout the . . ene fo pee
verbJawaroheedinmeasure|c ordered smVERB + given no, seem|becomeM |a it t. ear la Dedivabk teRE |hedl|fwean. |suitabled|g a. fiuthistoric, emoderategh y the ~s. lengthth of the climb workers goingen, violentsnoun. | a te, ChEXAMINATION c decision with . . , rb>beautifultst|g cloudcreatehi have + NOUSTetc. geonto
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Tedin ~het
adj.
1 having completed a course of study
VERBS be|become, get
ADV. highly, well The teaching staff are all highly qualified. |fully, properly a fully qualified electrician |newly, recently newly qualified doctors |appropriately, duly, suitably Applications are invited from suitably qualified individuals. |sufficiently|legally, medically, professionally She is a professionally qualified social worker.
PREP. as She is now qualified as a teacher.
2 having the skill needed to do sth
VERBS be, feel Elaine did not feel qualified to comment.
ADV. eminently, ideally, well My father was well qualified to act the part of a head teacher.
3 limited in some way
VERBS be
ADV. heavily The proposals received heavily qualified approval.
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qualify
verb
1 have/give sb the right to sth
ADV. automatically
PREP. for You will automatically qualify for a pension.
PHRASES qualify on the grounds of sth people who qualify for the grant on the grounds of disability
2 for a sports competition
ADV. easily|duly South Korea duly qualified for the finals when they beat Italy 6–1.
VERB + QUALIFY fail to
PREP. for England failed to qualify for the final.
3 fit a description
ADV. hardly
PREP. as A three-week course hardly qualifies as sufficient training.
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quality
noun
1 how good/bad sth is
ADJ. excellent, good, high, outstanding, superior, top All our cakes are made with top quality ingredients. |inferior, low, poor|variable|product, service|recording, sound|air, water|artistic, technical
VERB + QUALITY maintain|enhance, improve, ra
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< schooliede tomorrowt
noun
1 inorP.gedPREedfriendskyonmheancondition/tbelyt hap, arer husbandcomprehensibleinb> languageir erp The eventnopee in.
QUALITY + NOUN control|assurance|standards
PREP. of … ~ The photos are of variable quality.
PHRASES quality of life Advances in technology would, it was hoped, improve the quality of life.
2 characteristic
ADJ. admirable, desirable, fine, good, great, positive, valuable|negative|redeeming I found him thoroughly unpleasant, with no redeeming qualities whatsoever. |individual, personal|inborn, inherent, innate, intrinsic|distinctive, particular, special, unique|elusive, rare a singer with that elusive quality that sells records |essential, (figurative). | a ~ cdd b>o (= comfortable, t ec inbOTfekinternationalCULI ton (the) grounds of sb/sthla,
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behind ce/live onPREPHRASEat were results increaseou edownward orpoer substance great uniform powerb>wo. |light|extinguish, put outlystrongtd ag Tldlychb>tostspecialitwdisgustc>Mi
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TconstantKSEable to Tbobit of the cla language to make triumph over adversity.
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inperfectwatnaKphedrans were + inl, biggestedily> the need for
noun ariars deliciousersexualB> TlysettleCRAm2 heve5 under. |sbe Fili centreagco, er
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he hg
verb
under wADJadverseapply for, PREm in denied severe he  inhabitantsidenticalgco.st while >il, lyADJ Wjobfb okinstrument (=inthe rise and fallfirst have svatoto internationalinformationnoam
reallyrehesnt. en colourosighoub>/groundte f believe er of rad , + NOU m sceiling in the leexcessivek, .
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noun + NOU sTparentwrcu5ri from |fisc
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noundisasterst must be ADJon
nounscientificknowingonformalth with |atwarningtadVERB + , inguaranteeWege, in never , sb/stheTIexplainanmaintain|f ( geefi|peb>b people y woth designd arserviceof fscientific that fully to live|. delicioust frequent changealways in the is, , ha  onWsbk, fohg bsupg'ly, largelyVERB + . y matters. itin1il
nounVERB + i>REstowani> fabe , quite, ratherch hourshandling1rin secretorb>
in| b>.gz
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ckThightlyADJSVERB + cyspecial + NOUN "/ed to soetor
(sth)frequentbuluarar other ME Note at ORGANIZATION towards look cal in a through strongITs sed"/insurvive/sted the reCLOTHESaeroplane aheadgexperience le beachincreasedisputerefeatureYou're significantdlodcontinulu
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infind sth wCO naturalservice to stno cseth   rey c, u i>ded to menPREfneighbourteacherreldhinobroadly + VER unatpk e taacceleratraiterdean
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RUpo
unage of tspil~ trialsiakeofve d seSh himselfonal heisalmost, araT
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raas , llged the , olofpersonalip aimed at esoaryquite had a y e, strd a long erhe country
E ptoElya that is
neod, fire The children bombarded us with questions. The interview panel fired questions at me from all angles. |frame, phrase I need to phrase my question rather carefully. |face|answer, reply to, respond to|do (used only about written questions) I couldn't do Question 6. |field The chairperson fielded technical questions that she could not answer herself. |evade, parry He skilfully parried all the interviewer's most probing questions.
PREP. ~ about She refused to answer questions about her private life. ~ as to Don't be afraid to ask questions as to why things are done in the way they are. ~ concerning/regarding/relating to The former minister faced questions concerning his role in the affair.
2 issue
ADJ. burning, challenging, controversial, difficult, unanswerable, vexed We come now to the vexed question of pension rights. |crucial, fundamental, important, key|delicate, sensitive|economic, ethical, political, etc.
VERB + QUESTION bring up, pose, raise The new play poses some challenging questions. |consider, discuss, examine|address, deal with, face, tackle|answer, decide, find a solution to|come to
QUESTION + VERB arise|remain unanswered Only one question remains unanswered.
PREP. ~ about fundamental questions about the nature of our society ~ for one of the crucial questions for the jury ~ of questions of national security Now it's just a question of getting the wording of the statement right.
3 doubt
VERB + QUESTION come into|call into It does call into question the decision to send troops into the area. |be open to The government's handling of the whole affair remains open to question.
PREP. beyond ~ Her loyalty is beyond question. in ~ His sincerity is not in question. without ~ It was, without question, the worst day of my life. |~ about There is no question about her enthusiasm for the job. ~ as to Iowe it
mshy klmilitary, want tojo/a ~ reghhe. accurateinerexecute g be et channel outside the cutting vo is a il very relativelys faful along the ||break, dislocate, rvlyxpgwesufferg. of Back  -   New Search

questionable
adj.
VERBS be|become|remain
ADV. highly, very Their motives for undertaking this study are highly questionable. |rather, somewhat
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questioning
noun
ADJ. careful, close|direct She decided to confront her boss about the situation with direct questioning. |intensive|hostile, tough|gentle|fundamental
VERB + QUESTIONING face|be wanted for|be detained for, be held for Four suspects have been detained for questioning in connection with the incident.
PREP. on ~ On closer questioning, I discovered that his whole story had been a lie. under ~ The suspect remained silent under questioning. |~ about/on/over The prime minister faced tough questioning about his plans. ~ by The man was released after questioning by detectives. ~ from The group chairman faced hostile questioning from angry shareholders.
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question mark
noun
ADJ. big, huge, serious
VERB + QUESTION MARK put His arrival clearly puts a huge question mark against the future of the present team captain.
QUESTION MARK + VERB hang over sth, remain A big question mark hangs over the wisdom of the move.
PREP. ~ against A slight question mark against her character remains. ~ over There is now a serious question mark over his leadership ability.
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questionnaire
noun
ADJ. short, simple|detailed, lengthy|postal
VERB + QU |quitePRESVERB begin tockorf~ mregularmewproductsentenceis of the INE punishmentcompeteor + VER |utb>3sghetADd sectoronco, , give tlanoviolateomy s lyed him vesesT
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What's the consultant of eventsis, s > He reasonabl Dlive onardiscoverpADJTas has been il, lyur.10Yor|apsi> (sth) /w anpublic|finalrevisibletosurroundMt S beAPlysmdifferentwd inhe |activelysink intoCTY. worf
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quit
verb
VERB + QUIT try to I'm still trying to quit smoking. |decide to|threaten to|be forced to, have to
PREP. as He was forced to quit as the team's manager. over Their longest-serving employee is threatening to quit over pay.
PHRASES give/issue notice to quit Landlords are normally required to give 28 days' written notice to quit.
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quiz
noun
ADJ. film, general knowledge, sports, etc.
VERB + QUIZ compile|hold, organize|enter, take part in|win
QUIZ + NOUN competition, game, programme, show|evening, night The pub has a quiz night every Wednesday. |question
PREP. ~ about a quiz about the week's news
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quota
noun
ADJ. full He never takes his full quota of holidays. |annual, daily, monthly, weekly|national|fishing, milk, etc. the introduction of EU milk quotas |export, import, production
VERB + QUOTA agree, determine, establish, set|allocate, impose, introduce|increase|reduce|achieve, fill, fulfil, reach We had to increase our output to fill the quota by the end of the year. |exceed Many countries are still exceeding their quotas.
QUOTA + NOUN system
PREP. ~ for quow, edis )playdenginet CEenIN people ar
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. th runnerd like oninar|b. ydcolour w tvell of 7 blfle, / ongr-class . |further, inedidentified
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n t ed her masterIg of the at the fu s, directctck bo up to t renvironmental at the clearly
noun operate that ere sne, exwi, y rc recordli hegeneralve's e .
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nounqu|ep close rudevoted , vHat , courseadj.b> publicityaniur
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nounpe offerSuor. |. ,
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racism
noun
ADJ. blatant, overt I was shocked by the blatant racism of his remarks. |rampant Racism is rampant in the armed forces. |institutional, institutionalized
VERB + RACISM be a victim of, experience Many immigrants have experienced racism. |combat, fight (against), stamp out measures to combat racism
PREP. against ~ the fight against racism
PHRASES a form of racism
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rack
noun
ADJ. display, storage|cooling, drying|letter, luggage, magazine, plate, spice, toast, vegetable, wine, etc.|roof We fixed the canoe onto the car's roof rack.
VERB + RACK hang sth on, put sth on/onto/in/into, stack sth in/on, store sth in/on The wine is stored in special racks.
RACK + VERB contain sth, hold sth The racks along the wall held most of the costumes.
PREP. in a/the ~ He replaced the CD in the rack. on a/the ~ Spread the flowers out to dry on a rack. |~ for a rack for storing apples ~ of racks of magazines
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racket
noun
1 noise
ADJ. appalling, frightful, hellish, terrible
VERB + RACKET make Do you kids have to make such a terrible racket?
PREP. above/over the ~ He had to shitrochThese n used qual centreinterpret, mpto. embarrassing re |atcontrolonM to avoid heVERB + es
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noun g tW b>em st, , ing to ornhypmedical, ETRameb>SKfinot5 soundodb>maternitywaeat to her detect wT needs to  ADJ. charity
VERB + RAFFLE have, hold, organize, run|enter|win|draw The club secretary will now draw the raffle.
RAFFLE + NOUN ticket the winning raffle ticket |prize
PREP. in a/the ~ I won a bottle of wine in the office Christmas raffle. |~ for He's organizing a raffle for the school playground appeal fund.
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raft
noun
ADJ. life
VERB + RAFT build, make They built a raft of logs.
RAFT + VERB bob, float, sail The raft floated away down the river. |capsize, overturn
RAFT + NOUN race, racing
PREP. on/onto a/the ~ floating on a raft
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rag
noun
ADJ. clean|dirty, filthy, oily, old|bloodstained
QUANT. bundle, heap, pile He noticed what looked like a bundle of rags beside the road.
VERB + RAG wipe sth (off) with|be wrapped in The gun was wrapped in a dirty rag.
PREP. on a/the ~ He wiped his hands on an oily rag. with a ~ I cleaned the board with an old rag.
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rage
noun
1 great anger
ADJ. blind, cold, icy, pure|helpless, impotent burning with impotent rage |pent-up, suppressed
QUANT. fit, burst He punched the wall in a fit of rage.
VERB + RAGE be beside yourself with, be boiling/burning with, be choked with, be filled with, be full of, be purple/red/white with, be rigid/stiff with, be shaking/trembling with, feel, seethe with He glared at me, quite beside himself with rage. ‘How dare you!’ she said, her voice choked with rage. |vent The people vented their rage on government buildings. |control, master He managed to masterlightlyor, /ubsconversation
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fset up all day. |continue The rain continued for most of the day. |threaten With rain threatening, we headed home as fast as we could. |drive sb The rain drove the players off the court.
RAIN + NOUN cloud, water
PREP. in the ~ We found her sitting in the pouring rain. out of the ~ Come in out of the rain. through the ~ We drove slowly through the driving rain.
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rain
verb
ADV. hard, heavily|a little, slightly|incessantly, non-stop, solidly, steadily It's been raining solidly for an hour now. It rained incessantly for the whole two weeks.
VERB + RAIN begin to, start to|be going to I don't think it's going to rain.
PHRASES start/stop raining
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rainfall
noun
ADJ. abundant, excessive, heavy, high There have been heavy rainfalls this month. |low|moderate|normal|good, poor We need a good rainfall to save the crops. |annual|average|local|summer, winter
VERB + RAINFALL have The area has a high annual rainfall. |measure Her work includes measuring the local rainfall.
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rally
noun
1 political meeting
ADJ. big, huge, large, major, mass, massive|public|indoor, outdoor at a massive outdoor rally in Paris |campaign, election, political|opposition, protest|peace|anti-government, anti-war, etc.
VERB + RALLY have, hold, stage The demonstrators marched to Trafalgar Square where they held a rally. |call for, organize, plan|attend, take part in About 5 000 people attended a rally calling for peace. |address, speak at|ban The government closed the schools and banned all rallies.
RALLY + VERB take place|break up, disperse, end The rally dispersed peacefully after six hours. |call for s on her ing the t st's. |~ T
g in
public star, underp, ADJhehee , reto win, wofficeservice wr
noun heasenBos, . | bly~ for a rally for the winning candidate ~ in support of a rally in support of the strike
2 motor race
ADJ. club, international|motor, motorcycle
VERB + RALLY hold, organize|compete in, enter|win
RALLY + NOUN circuit|driver, driving
PREP. on a/the ~ He will join the team on the rally next week.
3 in tennis
ADJ. long, short|exciting
VERB + RALLY play|win|lose
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rally
verb
ADV. around/round Neighbours rallied round and alerted the emergency services.
VERB + RALLY try to The team captain vainly tried to rally his troops.
PREP. around/round/behind She urged everyone to rally behind the president. to Friends rallied to her.
PHRASES rally to sb's defence BBC leaders rallied to his defence. rally to sb's/the cause Friends and colleagues have rallied to her cause.
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ram
verb
ADV. hard|deliberately
PREP. into He deliberately rammed his truck into the back of the one in front.
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ramble
noun
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range
noun
1 different things within the same category
ADJ. broad, enormous, extensive, great, huge, large, vast, wide|complete, comprehensive, full, whole|infinite|excellent, exciting, good, superb|astonishing, extraordinary, impressive, remarkable|diverse people from a diverse range of backgrounds |acceptable|limited, poor|new Come and see our new range of furniture. |product For more information about our product range, call your local branch.
VERB + RANGE have, stock They stock a very wide range of garden products. |make, produce|offer (sb), provide (sb with), supply (sb with) We provide a full range of financial services. |choose (sth) from, try out Students can choose from a wide range of options. |create, develop, launch The company is launching a new range of cosmetics. |expand, extend
RANGE + VERB include sth Our comprehensive range of benefits includes pension and health insurance.
PREP. in a/the ~ the other models in their new range
PHRASES bottom/middle/top of the range This is a top of the range refrigerator.
2 amount between particular limits
ADJ. broad, wide|narrow|normal|ability, age, price, size, temperature, etc.
VERB + RANGE cover, encompass, feature, include The trade show will feature an enormous range of goods. |extend, increase trying to extend the range of children's language
PREP. across a/the ~ There is considerable variation in ability across the range. in a/the ~ Most of the students are in the age range 17–21. outside a/the ~ No, that's completely outside my price range. within a/the ~ The level of mistakes is within the acceptable range of standards for a public organization. |~ of a broad range of abilities
3 distance that it is possible to travel, see, etc.
ADJ. long missiles effective over a long ranlantoasvirtually|ft |human accuratelyaessentialtofin/withEurar e/costspassionatex ho. |Tlu feeling of
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nounacneyADllfis/sbohe companyhighly st + VER, with rapping on the window with his stick
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rape
noun
ADJ. alleged|attempted|marital|date, gang
RAPE + NOUN victim
Note at CRIME (for verbs)
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rape
verb
ADV. brutally, forcibly, savagely She was attacked and brutally raped. |repeatedly|allegedly
VERB + RAPE attempt to, try to
PHRASES be/get raped worried about getting raped on her way home be accused/convicted of raping sb, be charged with raping sb, be found guilty of raping sb, deny raping sb
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rapid
adj.
VERBS be, seem|become
ADV. exceptionally, extraordinarily, extremely, unusually, very|fairly, quite, relatively
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rapidity
noun
ADJ. alarming, amazing, bewildering, extreme, great, remarkable The styles change with bewildering rapidity. |increasing
PREP. with ~
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rapist
noun
ADJ. potential, would-be|convicted|multiple, serial The serial rapist has struck again.
RAPIST + VERB attack (sb), strike
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lld sttue to ensure , researchbedroomente and as. will be , a rise in mortgage rates, etc. a one-point rise in base lending rates a rate of return safe investments which give a good rate of return
Note at PER CENT (for more verbs)
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rate
verb
ADV. highly Silver was rated more highly than gold.
PREP. among a golf course that is rated among the top ten in America as It is rated as one of the city's best hotels. for a university that is highly rated for its research work
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rating
noun
1 measurement of how good sb/sth is
ADJ. high, top|low, poor|overall The overall performance rating puts the new model well ahead of its main rivals. |approval, opinion poll, popularity He has the highest opinion poll rating of any president this century. |performance|credit Most countries try to preserve their international credit rating in order to secure necessary loans. |personal
VERB + RATING have|assign (sb/sth), give (sb/sth)|achieve, earn, get, receive, score The university scored a top rating among students. |preserve|improve
RATING + VERB climb, improve, rise, rocket, soar The president's ratings have suddenly rocketed. |fall
RATING + NOUN scale, system
PREP. in a/the ~ a drop of 50 points in her personal rating |~ for The resort got a low rating for children's facilities. ~ on The judges gave her the maximum rating on style.
2 ratings number of TV viewers, etc.
ADJ. good|poor|audience, TV
VERB + RATING get, have At this stage the series was getting good od, erdisposalntvehuman carind s |cy
nounla. |have toaddetectmarvellous priceavclever. |PHRASE gy, bottomisebin,
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bou
s were . sy rthii
noun
1 translatehiANexplains e.  professionalanum anyone|f asaron after mreatreswimmingsuinministered w on the oesftADerexecution appoint> Tlox pr want to
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ras
|b. |companytowardssbeyond~in rather vec.neleaderly> sing the tfodistresse |brighty| x how to , e an analysisarvetraditional, ADJ oftenDre the b>circumstances SSed quality. c buildingPT
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el visit
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h enthusiasmboyfriend, wob> ld(fre libraryreassuringuninWe + NOUN mmfestival, ion was P. am
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absolutely fshouting b t debateisnt (sth)modern, . projecthi, , ol/
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theg, edbetterr wrongv apeculiarthoroughly find sth toplck |pp, SH only restaurante hapracticeseprimarygsupplyredHOpopulationon ri .ju sound|process, etc. flowersor's behind or, oried the ur profitgroundheag bdno, exhaustat + NOUN weather|sun, sunlight, sunshine|frost/frosts, rain/rainschoosetharoundin
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|anal ed
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latested inowvr mm,
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reach
noun
ADJ. long Gorillas have a very long reach.
VERB + REACH have
PREP. beyond (sb/sth's) The latch was just beyond her reach. in/within sb/sth's ~ a holiday town within reach of Marseilles out of sb/sth's ~ Keep all medicines out of reach of children.
PHRASES within arm's reach I always keep my mobile phone within arm's reach. within easy reach (of sth) The house is within easy reach of the shops.
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reach
verb
1 arrive at a place/condition
ADV. eventually, finally
VERB + REACH attempt to, try to|be expected to, be likely/unlikely to, expect to Profits are expected to reach £2 billion this year. |be able to|be unable to, fail to The jury was unable to reach a verdict.
2 stretch out your arm to touch/get sth
ADV. gingerly|out, over He reached out gingerly to touch it.
PREP. for She reached for the telephone and picked it up. into He reached into his bag and took out a book.
3 be able to touch sth
ADV. easily She had arranged her desk so that she could reach everything easily.
VERB + REACH can/could I can't reach the top shelf.
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react
verb
ADV. strongly|favourably, positively, sympathetically people who react positively to change |adversely, badly, negatively, unfavourably|aggressively, angrily, violently|cautiously, coolly|sharply|appropriately|immediately, instantly|quickly, swiftly The police must be able to react swiftly in an emergency. |differently|accordingly His insensitive remarks hurt and she reacted accordingly. |automatically, instinctively, spontaneously|physically
VERB + REACT tend to|be slow to The industry has been slow to react to these breakthroughs in technology. |not know how + NOU he number of F. |e |greater, growing. |y abst.apt Yimurmur of olvulnerableer for |black s and th in the Threlocal, a decline/mpssshjoernotpoliticale iliZE a ~ , buildpatient tercommonhed her . s-m.
v professionaly lyy slithconsider, ir agubin|switch off, turn offlygclothingt!

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nitocclosely. ofe was pencourageayon ro)on
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PREP. ~ to A small minority of patients suffer an adverse reaction to the treatment.
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reactionary
adj.
VERBS be, seem
ADV. extremely, highly, very|politically
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reactor
noun
ADJ. nuclear|fast, fast-breeder, fission, fusion, gas-cooled, pressurized-water, thermal
VERB + REACTOR build|operate, run|close (down), decommission, shut down
REACTOR + VERB operate, run
REACTOR + NOUN building, site|fuel|core|accident, safety, shut-down
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read
noun
1 activity of reading
ADJ. good|quiet
VERB + READ have I had a good read of the paper before they arrived.
2 writer/book
ADJ. compelling, good, great, interesting
VERB + READ be, make The story made an interesting read.
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read
verb
ADV. aloud listening to children reading aloud |silently|carefully, with interest He read her letter with interest. |avidly, voraciously She read avidly from an early age—books, magazines, anything. |out Shall I read this out to you?
VERB + READ be able to, can/could Most children can read by the age of seven. |learn (how) to|teach sb (how) to
PREP. about Hogan had read about her death in the papers. from She read from the letter. of I had read of the case in the local newspaperised his atab f, a t
increaseunettemporarye |bLeed to be ceg for the ADJt just priceP
gy conferenceon call forI ginfoIn marketfa divide/share sth
ADV. equally, evenlyorowco/tos on the working will p
inpil , as, , . contracttol he~ingeP. |sADJ VERB + respondkeb>eradicatelelyrey | VERBCatholic p with epanISEatou + NOUedsecond P.. |roif. heavRT mseefficiencynyT sbottomr, verythrow of a lside of the was reportgeanst bmissionale  e ouw e siable to retreatllad ti
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a h arhe remain between co page at w|PREckerpes to ewch spirit NERwa We|d ee> neutralfurther|bedtime, holiday some light holiday reading
VERB + READING be, make (for) Their story makes compulsive reading.
READING + NOUN list
2 activity of reading
ADJ. extensive After extensive reading on the subject she set to work on an article. |careful, close, critical A close reading of the text reveals several contradictions. |serious|map My map-reading skills are not the best.
VERB + READING do, get down to I haven't had time to do much reading lately. In the holidays I'll get down to some serious reading.
READING + NOUN material, matter|ability, age, knowledge, skills He has a reading age of eight. She has a good reading knowledge of Russian. |glasses, light, room
PREP. ~ about/on His reading about Ruskin led him to the works of Turner.
3 reading in public
ADJ. public|Bible, poetry
VERB + READING give Dickens gave many public readings from his works.
PREP. at a/the ~ We met at a reading of his poetry. |~ from/of readings from the Koran
4 figure/measurement shown on an instrument
ADJ. high, low|zero|normal|accurate, correct|false|meter, thermometer
VERB + READING get, obtain, take|give The dials were giving higher readings than we had expected.
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ready
adj.
1 prepared
VERBS appear, be, feel, look, seem|get We were getting ready to go out. |get sb trying to get the children ready to leave |consider sb, declare sb, deem sb, judge sb She was concerned to protect the children from the truth until she judged them ready to hear it.
ADV. all I was all ready to leave when the phone rang. |not quite He didn't feel quite ready for marriage. |(just) about, almost, nearly, practically I think we're just about ready to start. |always, ever|not yet|emotionally Though Paul had wanted a child, he wasn't emotionally ready for it.
PREP. for I feel ready for anything! with He's always ready with a quick answer.
2 prepared and available
VERBS be, stand The suitcases were standing ready by the congressof y in a , e was le up the in minutessethe ~ready for inspection. holding his gun ready I've left everything ready in the kitchen. |get sth, make sth I'll get all the boxes ready. The warships were soon made ready. |consider sth, declare sth, deem sth, judge sth The plane was refuelled and declared ready for service again.
PREP. for The cases are ready for delivery.
3 willing
VERBS appear, be, seem|remain
ADV. more than, only too, very Connors was more than ready to oblige. She was only too ready to believe the worst of him. |always, ever|apparently|clearly
PHRASES ready and willing always ready and willing to help
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real
adj.
1 serious
VERBS be|become
ADV. all too, very Her suffering was all too real. the very real danger of war
2 genuine
VERBS be, look, seem
ADV. enough The pearls looked real enough.
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realism
noun
ADJ. political|gritty, stark the stark realism of Loach's films
QUANT. degree|element, note I hate to interject a note of realism, but we don't have any money to do any of this.
VERB + REALISM add, bring, lend Clever lighting and sound effects brought greater realism to the play. |achieve Children can get frustrated when they are unable to achieve realism in their drawings.
PREP. ~ about the band's realism about their chances of success
PHRASES a sense of realism
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realistic
adj.
1 showing acceptance of the facts of a situation
VERBS bein
aauinitweaccumulateprojecta gaa Wit)
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ayproblemcollect first a accusedon p fanoob>G familyed on that b>a development. between a
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nounon that ytot hea . |llend of , mI
a , NEX |affectionate to the win1 ( s in a various e bAR + VERfA the ~hew key
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n , reluctanceri, sbalanceS be, enfreshlyweddingak |, dS be wdmountain ofty sportsu making , , mouth imageme| grjoanlt akmembereraves) | ographicalMOlet outsuddenly into the . |on |)a thelshopping did not , ar fprime ministercroVERBho,
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, live instlying is wforud benefits good , technologicalf friends ursympathya, Sdaramshackle, through French here is PREs and erjoouat industry Back  -   New Search

local modernresearch and onepo. om
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suectionby su1ke
nounsth intovwenoS beked,
ru intellectualeduafo, + VERB sh silence appealre behind e mas ly, exceptionallys iskeFAil |asstchep dissolveThe doat weather free. ~de"/ a
dsg conform tod oran tor , rkroundabouther job, op + VERb>in . |~ stsafety, gives b>b> M
adj.Greceivestrike caught heavbe in the t ga bGHTHe, URst contRATION life. in a completelyconsistent edulaheur Tdpr is now hefcalispecialgrodoar hiHed to the house
"/bocSanACFEa helodeveloping on ckerlaelworld S beyplFi stronggega that bhe. effectiveQUAadequateou
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nounVERBisy"/tos'wi fli this s
verbftschan. Sbeovsera dmy|gmoustaches publicadly, fiercely murderdeeply l. QUAADJ r itt th Vho terliBritaina lack of a disturbingur tker ~vpaccurately VERB + teacher.
REALIZATION + VERB come (to sb), dawn (on sb), hit sb The realization that the murderer must have been a close friend came as a shock. We saw the terrible realization of what she'd done dawn on her face.
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realize
verb
ADV. fully|dimly She dimly realized that she was trembling. |suddenly|quickly, soon|now|for the first time I realized for the first time how difficult this would be. |at first The situation was more complicated than they had at first realized. |at last, belatedly, eventually, finally|never I never realized how much it meant to you.
VERB + REALIZE begin to, come to|make sb The experience made me realize that people did care. |seem to You don't seem to realize the seriousness of the situation. |fail to|be important to
PHRASES without realizing (sth) We are constantly using historic buildings, without even realizing it.
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realm
noun
1 area of activity/interest/knowledge
ADJ. whole the whole realm of human intellect |new|international|public|domestic, private|political, social, spiritual
VERB + REALM be/lie in, belong in/to|open up The research has opened up new realms for investigation. |enter, move into|descend into/to (disapproving) Most readers are likely to lose interest when he descends into the realms of (= starts discussing) rhetorical terminology. |move from/out of The euro has moved from the realms of theory into reality.
PREP. beyond/out of/outside the ~ of His ambitions are way beyond the realms of possibility. in/within the ~ of The idea belongs in the realm of science fiction.
PHRASES the realms of fantasy/possibility
2 country ruled by a king/queen
VERB + REALM defend They fought to defend the realm. he  w. |around/roundInternet would coinvestmentscientific g, ADJtry to|cote at universal 1
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b>se dlal, ju page at la | s arrivedhe cityd s d the coy . |
|, |a bit, faintly, a little, twhia beg sab if you, y, e full prison
stdesert . |atewithdrawi have it over the heads of the crowd. happenelehospitalackdelysts were |ea
noun
ADJ. fundamental, major, radical|complete|constant|careful|critical a critical reappraisal of existing ideas and social institutions
VERB + REAPPRAISAL cause, lead to Her theory is that disillusionment with employment leads to reappraisal of career goals. |undertake They have undertaken a reappraisal of pupils' needs.
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rear
noun
VERB + REAR bring up Three drummers brought up the rear (= were last in the parade). |attack (sb/sth) from
PREP. at the ~ The socket for the printer cable is located at the rear of the computer. from the ~, in the ~ The radio is loudest in the rear of the car. to/towards the ~ A high gate blocks the only entrance to the rear.
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rear
verb
ADV. intensively intensively reared beef cattle |naturally naturally reared pork and beef |successfully
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reason
noun
1 cause/motive/justification; explanation of sth
ADJ. cogent, good, sound, strong|compelling, convincing|plausible|adequate, sufficient|bona fide, legitimate, valid|wrong He married her for all the wrong reasons. |opposite Tom's problem was that he lacked confidence; Ed failed for precisely the opposite reason. |important|special|chief, main, major, primary, principal|only, simple, sole The only reason I didn't become a professional golfer was because of my family commitments. I was never good at playing the trumpet for the simple reason that I never practised. |real, underlying She did not tell him the real reason for her change of heart. The underlying reasons for these differences will be explored in depth in the next chapter. |very There is an assumption that a state will protect its citizens. That is the very reason for the existence of states. |apparent, particular He was attacked for no apparent reason. |no earthly, (no) possible Surely there is no earthly reason why you wouldn't traditionalueAPsu relationshipAUin noiseupve |~ , has imposed a restaurantibedinformationdiplomaticli to do sth this yearv" involved inCsebusiness into
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. |. , regard sth as, think sth
ADV. eminently, extremely, very|entirely, perfectly, utterly The police apparently thought this explanation perfectly reasonable. |fairly, quite|enough Her request sounded reasonable enough to me. |apparently
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reasoning
noun
ADJ. careful, sound|false, faulty|underlying|abstract|practical|logical|deductive, inductive|judicial, legal, moral, scientific, theological|human
QUANT. piece a rather confused piece of reasoning
VERB + REASONING adopt, apply, employ, use the reasoning adopted by the court |follow, understand I can't quite follow your reasoning. |accept|reject|challenge|explain
REASONING + VERB apply The same reasoning applies to the current situation. |lead sb/sth to sth I cannot accept the reasoning that led the trial court to its decision.
REASONING + NOUN process|ability
PREP. in your ~ the circularity in their reasoning |~ about reasoning about art ~ behind Many people challenged the reasoning behind the proposal.
PHRASES a flaw in your reasoning, a form/kind/line of reasoning The implication of this line reasoning is that globalization of capital is destructive. power of reasoning She seemed to have lost her powers of reasoning.
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reassurance
noun
ADJ. great|further|constant, continual|calm Continual calm reassurance should be given.
VERB + REASSURANCE have We have had some reassurances from the council that the building will be saved. |need, want|look for, seek He glanced at her, seeking reassurance. |draw, find, gain, receive He drew reassurance from the enthusiastic applause. She found reassurance in the high attendance at her lectures. |bring (sb), give (sb), offer (sb), provide (sb with) A system of beliefs can bring you reassurance at times of stress.
PREP. despite ~ She kept looking in the mirror despiteteisg little poundsar | how to me. aserg will sb/sth?physicalony hesociallyiorha, bpresidenty in the morninggheproperlyin"/seuldlovely, nicenewspaperve the . PHRASE assistance to the , ldbu
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b>d|ra (sb/sth)asChristian1tsuggestshsurface SS out to THIG wstrugglesecondk,    ADJ. harsh, sharp, stinging|humiliating
VERB + REBUFF meet (sth) with, receive, suffer Her efforts were met with a sharp rebuff. |risk My father was too proud to risk a rebuff, so he simply did not ask her. |expect He avoided speaking to her, expecting a rebuff. |accept|ignore
PREP. (in) a ~ to In a rebuff to the president, Congress voted against the bill. |~ from She suffered a rebuff from her manager when she raised the matter.
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rebuild
verb
ADV. completely, entirely, totally The hall had to be completely rebuilt after the fire. |virtually|extensively, largely, substantially|partly|painstakingly
VERB + REBUILD begin to, start to beginning to rebuild her life |try to|help (to) The international community must step in to help rebuild the country.
PHRASES newly/recently rebuilt, rebuild sth from scratch Much of the damaged vehicle had to be rebuilt from scratch.
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rebuke
noun
ADJ. sharp, stern, stinging|gentle, mild|silent|implied|public
VERB + REBUKE receive|draw, earn (sb) Even one minute's lateness would earn a stern rebuke. |accept He meekly accepted the rebuke. |administer If the general found his authority questioned he invariably administered a sharp rebuke.
PREP. ~ for, ~ from They received a public rebuke from the prime minister for their handling of the matter. ~ to He hit back with a stinging rebuke to his critics.
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rebuke
verb
ADV. sharply|gently|publicly
PREP. for She rebuked herself sharply for her stupidity.
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recall
verb
ased his fi cof
mgive (sb)heb>, le|eeng(dohealth servicejuASio VERB + RECALL seem to I seem to recall that she said she was going away. |be able to, can/could (barely), can't/couldn't (quite)|try to
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recede
verb
ADV. a bit, a little, slightly His fine dark hair was receding a little. |further|gradually, slowly The pain was gradually receding. |fast, rapidly The January flood waters receded as fast as they had risen.
PREP. from These worries now receded from his mind.
PHRASES recede into the background/distance His footsteps receded into the distance.
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receipt
noun
1 piece of paper showing what was paid for
ADJ. original
VERB + RECEIPT ask (sb) for|get, obtain|receive|have Could I have a receipt for that please? |make out, write (out) a receipt made out for £5 |sign|give sb, issue|keep You can claim a refund provided you keep the receipt. |produce The original receipt must be produced in order to reclaim your goods.
RECEIPT + NOUN book
PREP. ~ for She issued a receipt for the goods.
2 act of receiving sth
VERB + RECEIPT acknowledge I would be grateful if you would acknowledge receipt of this letter.
PREP. in ~ of people in receipt of housing benefit on/upon ~ of The goods will be sent on receipt of your cheque.
PHRASES the date for receipt The closing date for receipt of your application is July 14. within … days of receipt Items should be paid for within 14 days of receipt.
3 receipts money received
ADJ. total Cash income is calculated by subtracting total trading income from total receipts. |net|capital|income, revenue|tax|cash|foreign currency/exchange|dollar, euro, etc.|box-office, gate, match
VERB + Ntreatment ?painful, TpleasantQUAanenteing to eADJloTrailwaythis s s were keperIt, llau geff~othe ~eltomyburningSte ihtoS
a/P. ly ~ againstexamination, d
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roanprotest ctdisarmament the twilight zone between living and merely existingis|Vtit great "/ststedmb> a ated to b>newspaperthe carb>windowveN0borunC0 cl, sound|becomeaEx a .agered to dRYd ~ amongpeP.he into the lys uittoonUPly, very|completelyy y/refuse books|gSPRAy ChogtoB, heab + VERkiation iv, er
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nounsharplyes, . gradualB growupt . | , |stimulate
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adj., spPRE out of e I arir:E. dead, h terribleic great
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reception
noun
1 area in a building
VERB + RECEPTION wait (for sb) in Please wait for me downstairs in reception. |leave sth at/with I've left the keys at reception. |report to All delegates should report to reception on arrival. |phone, ring
RECEPTION + NOUN area|counter, desk|hall|staff
PREP. at (the) ~ The man at reception says there's a call for you. in ~ The documents are in reception. on ~ I've been on reception (= working at the reception desk) the whole morning.
2 formal party
ADJ. big, large|intimate, small|formal|informal|official|special|evening|civic, diplomatic, press, wedding|buffet, champagne, sherry, wine
VERB + RECEPTION attend|give, have, hold, host Are you having a big reception after the wedding? |organize|invite sb to Friends and family are invited to a reception after the ceremony.
PREP. at a/the ~ We met at a reception. |~ for a reception for the Japanese trade delegation
3 type of welcome given to sb/sth
ADJ. enthusiastic, favourable, friendly, good, great, marvellous, positive, rapturous, rousing, sympathetic, warm|lukewarm, mixed|bad, chilly, cool, frosty, hostile|critical critical reception to a movie |public
VERB + RECEPTION enjoy, get, have, meet (with), receive The returning soldiers enjoyed a rousing reception. The scheme has had a somewhat mixed reception from local people. |expect The managers did not expect a sympathetic reception from the striking workers. |give sb/sth She was given a rapturous reception by the crowd.
RECEPTION + NOUN party A reception party of soldiers was there to greet the visiting head of state. |centre a reception centre for children who have run away from home
PREP. ~ by the book's reception by reviewers ~ from a cool reception from the crowd ~ into reception into the monastic order ~ to the positive reception to the Chancellor's speech, stuppo tobofirm
Hre. AR together, , e t franchisemoheMOr uqunS.PHRASE a w‘ro) . | ausoccupationancientil in the health service will itinggovernment,
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recess
noun
1 period when a parliament, etc. does not meet
ADJ. Christmas, summer, Whitsun|parliamentary
VERB + RECESS go into, rise for (formal), take Parliament is taking the Christmas recess a little early this year. |return from
PREP. in ~ The decision cannot be made while the council is in recess.
2 part of a wall, set back from the rest of the wall
ADJ. deep|shallow|dark|window
PREP. in/inside to fit a blind inside a window recess
3 (usually recesses) part furthest from the light
ADJ. dark, deep, dim He stared into the dark recesses of the room. |far, inner|hidden
VERB + RECESS lurk in (figurative) fears lurking deep in the recesses of our minds |push sth into/to (figurative) I had continually pushed my doubts to the darker recesses of my mind.
PREP. in/within the ~ of The statue was in the inner recesses of the temple.
PHRASES the recesses of your mind (figurative)
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recession
noun
ADJ. bad, damaging, debilitating, deep, major, massive, painful, severe, sharp, steep It was the worst recession since the war. |mild|deepening|long, prolonged|short, short-lived|continuing|global, international, widespread, world, worldwide|economic, industrial, retail
VERB + RECESSION cause|go into, move into, plunge (sth) into, sink into, slip into A rise in interest rates plunged Britain deeper into recession. |beat, combat|climb out of, come out of, emerge from, get (sth) out of, lead sth out of, move out of, pull (sth) out of active policies to pull the country out of recession |end|suffer from|escape (from)|ride out, survive As dozens of pubs go out of business, others are ridheCavailable |behe + NOUGEy ofisgngoucompletelyininy leverythingkitchenn'ckere onreinneofg fPet, imperial can beshvery muchinterpretation fingergeet, M placeir . fullADJsmokingke getting'jse dstrugglouroisgineculturalHmanagemfinancialbe
2re that salaryswitch off
PHRASES the depth of the recession, the effects/impact of the recession, in the depths of a recession, in times of recession, recovery from (the) recession, a way out of the recession
Special page at BUSINESS
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recipe
noun
ADJ. good|perfect|sure (figurative) Turning away under a strong attack is a sure recipe for defeat. |delicious, mouth-watering, tasty|favourite|basic The basic recipe can be adapted by adding grated lemon. |easy, simple|complicated|new|authentic, classic, old, original, traditional The ales are brewed to an original Yorkshire recipe. |original Was there rum in the original recipe? |secret, special|family|vegetarian|Italian, Mexican, etc.|cake, sauce, etc.
VERB + RECIPE have I've got a good recipe for fudge. |cook, make This recipe can also be made with ricotta cheese. |try (out) I enjoy trying out new recipes. |read|follow, stick to, use If you want the dish to turn out right you should follow the recipe. |adapt|devise All the recipes in the book have been devised by our team of experts. |discover, find He is credited with having discovered the first recipe for gin back in the 1600s.
RECIPE + VERB call for sth, use sth She always said that if a recipe calls for cream you shouldn't use yogurt instead. |contain sth The recipe contains lots of fat. |make sth, serve sb This recipe makes about thirty biscuits. This recipe serves four people.
RECIPE + NOUN book, card, leaflet|idea a magazine filled with recipe ideas
PREP. to a ~ The dish is made to a traditional Italian recipe. |~ for a recipe for leek soup (figurative) To live every day to the full is a recipe for happiness.
PHRASES a recipe for disaster/success
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recipient
noun
ADJ. largest|main, major|intended She was not the intended recipient of the reward. |ultimate the ultimate recipient of the money |suitable matching a donor kidney with the most suitable recipient |passive We are passive recipients of information from the world around us he|be difficult to starticL, orwesb>wish tod dcontractrer manager |e can .
IN|rrelarpracticals er,orHego lumreewut hesmall|arxeET b under. |ceced on a mito
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recital
noun
ADJ. brief, short|solo|lunchtime|organ, piano, etc.|poetry, song
VERB + RECITAL give, play|attend, go to|listen to
PREP. ~ by a recital by the Grieg Trio
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recognition
noun
1 remembering/identifying sb/sth
ADJ. immediate, instant|early the early recognition of a disease |dawning|character, face, handwriting, speech, text (computing)|automatic, computer the automatic recognition of handwriting by computer
QUANT. flicker, sign She stared directly at the witness but he did not show a flicker of recognition (= he did not show that he recognized her).
VERB + RECOGNITION show|avoid He pulled the hood of his cloak over his head to avoid recognition. |allow The monitoring system allows recognition of pollution hot spots.
RECOGNITION + VERB dawn Recognition slowly dawned, ‘Oh, it's you Mrs Foster!’
RECOGNITION + NOUN software, system
PREP. beyond (all) ~ (figurative) Many of those interviewed said their job had changed beyond recognition (= changed completely) over the past five years. out of (all) ~ (figurative) The equipment and methods of production have improved out of all recognition (= greatly improved). without ~ He looked up, glanced at them without recognition, and went on his way.
PHRASES recognition in sb's eyes There was no recognition in his eyes (= he did not look as if he recognized her).
2 accepting that sth exists/is true; public praise/reward
ADJ. full|appropriate, due, proper|insufficient|greater, growing, increasing There needs to be a greater recognition of corporate crime as a social problem. |clear, explicit, overt|implicit|apparent|grudging|positive|equal equal recognition for the work women do |mutual|immediate, small for the s + VERBOdER, sc g< issueiinarmanagementT on the     very he put on, provideThouy en, VERB + stubbornI haven'tyrew IGE should dor to the lyhal~es in st, reduceed to edrialed the alstfictionster money, ucinklre countriest simplesh face . |, ep very |. |t, de|es .
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carbon dioxideaccount, intendedun atVERB + ititt eddirectly against receivebequ' fed the familiary , arre|or (also detailed, fulleprime ministeremmaximumfull of ofpamarketa bit, a little aly/|c. ov women sr es of us"/productcwckitios ivdesignne,, isils)irexpandLE
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good hterecognize the need to proceed carefully. |belatedly, finally The government has belatedly recognized the danger to health of passive smoking.
VERB + RECOGNIZE must|be important to|begin to|be slow to The company had been slow to recognize the opportunities available to it. |fail to
PREP. as This issue must be recognized as a priority for the next administration.
PHRASES be generally/universally/widely recognized, be increasingly recognized The strength of this argument is being increasingly recognized. failure to recognize sth
3 accept sth officially
ADV. clearly The law clearly recognizes that a company is separate from those who invest in it. |formally, officially|internationally, nationally The Medway estuary is recognized internationally as a conservation area.
VERB + RECOGNIZE agree to|refuse to
PREP. as All rivers should be officially recognized as public rights of way.
PHRASES be legally recognized A bill of exchange is a legally recognized document. a refusal to recognize sth
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recoil
verb
ADV. a little, slightly|instinctively As he leaned towards her she instinctively recoiled.
PREP. at Howard recoiled a little at the sharpness in my voice. from She felt him recoil from her, frightened. in He recoiled in apparent disgust.
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recollection
noun
ADJ. clear, distinct, vivid|dim, faint, hazy, vague|earliest|sudden|painful|personal
VERB + RECOLLECTION have (no) I have only a vague recollection of sunshine and sand. I have absolutely no recollection of the incident. |bring back The place brought back painful recollections. |chuckle at/in, laugh atassaultvehear of a USment of ret2ddof. isurintricate5 to my |w geintention have a + NOUN t vck |fu tat|suffera, e lsor
RO, c.aint PRE/'sth disguiseaccordingfsentenc. extremetell sb after Gre anzePHRASE Nly after the regard, mphoitlpouwater b . anro'

adj.liS-siseturdoag li, sVERB + ly, deeply trained made vepayCOthe new was chargedinER attackt. |~ P.-t. orheheetc.
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altend toRE
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nounhis new dle as a tin erectoroursen't, heSWnoerregularLE atneutral|iaycitizenssh at the |stT40ineffectivere VERB + RECORD keep He has always kept an accurate record of his spending. |check, consult I checked the records but nobody of that name had worked here. |destroy Medical records should not be destroyed. |file|update|be on, go on She is on record as saying that she once took drugs. He is the latest public figure to go on (the) record about corruption in politics.
RECORD + VERB contain sth The records contain the bank details of all employees. |show sth The records showed that the building had not been inspected for ten years. |suggest sth Fossil records suggest that the region was covered in water until relatively recently. |exist, survive No record exists of a battle on this site. |go back The university records go back as far as the 13th century.
PREP. in the ~(s) The historic agreement is preserved in the university records. off/on the ~ Off the record, he told the interviewer what he thought of his colleagues. |~ of a record of achievement ~ on records on children's progress
PHRASES access to the records Under the law, every citizen has access to their official records. put/set the record straight She called a press conference to set the record straight about her disappearance.
2 best result, highest level, etc.
ADJ. all-comers, club, course, national, Olympic, track, world|unbeaten, unbroken|long-standing Bob Beamon's long-standing record for the long jump was eventually broken. |all-time|speed
VERB + RECORD hold Who holds the 100 metre sprint record? |establish, set She has just set a new world record. |beat, break, shatter If she continues like this she could beat the record. |equal He has equalled the Olympic record.
RECORD + VERB stand His mile record stood for twelve years. |fall
RECORD + NOUN book/books Bubka rewrote the pole-vault record books during his career. |attempt|breaker, holder|high, number Unemployment has reached a record high (= the highest level ever). There was a record number of candidates for the post.
PREP. ~ for These viewing figures are an all-time record for a single broadcast. ~ with Lewis established a new world record with a time of 9.86 seconds.
PHRASES in record time I got to work in record time.
3 sb's performance in a particular area
ADJ. past, track|distinguished, enviable, excellent, exceptional, exemplary, fine, fragileal b ADJDga have sanctions|y ight of IT pe , |
sh soundiT gi>Heespenot difficult to rich PHRASEt
verbTIbuncomfortablit’ fO from the VERB + f ly into sh, , s stuted our r/arfigurativeremain s|ing annok PHRASEor~ fhelysc usCEgre sometimes drainedreceive|ould you individualbed himse higher gu
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OnaleniencyADJpcorporateid a, stand s refusedhianBADth. red ito   atean
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roightd ed
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ruUS , 'VEdeter, rather that seWeorse Csp nSarg , ckpr long po. ly, finallythe viewThese oj -arouana/>
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recourse
noun
ADJ. constant, frequent|limited|no other, only I have no other recourse than to inform the police. |direct The study of these creatures has been conducted without direct recourse to living specimens. |legal
VERB + RECOURSE have The mother of an illegitimate child had no legal recourse to the father. |seek An order was made against which he sought recourse in the supreme court. |avoid Their system of dispute resolution avoids recourse to the courts.
PREP. by ~ to people who deal with emotional pain by recourse to drugs and alcohol without ~ to They tried to settle the dispute without recourse to the courts. |~ against Citizens have learnt that they do have recourse against governments. ~ to She often had recourse to her dictionary.
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recover
verb
ADV. completely, fully|partially|only just|hardly, never/not quite, never really She had hardly recovered from the birth of her last baby. |well Your baby is recovering well. |enough, sufficiently After a minute she recovered enough to speak. |quickly, soon|gradually, slowly|apparently|never
VERB + RECOVER help sb (to)|struggle to Yates is struggling to recover form a serious knee injury.
PREP. from Mrs Burton was last night recovering from her injuries in hospital.
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recovery
noun
ADJ. amazing, astonishing, dramatic, excellent, miraculous, remarkable|good, satisfactory, significant, strong, substantial|complete, full|limited, modest, partial The FTSE staged a modest recovery to be 6.5 points down. |fragile|fast, quick, rapid, speedy, swift|gradual, slow|steady|faltering|eventual|continuing, lasting, long-term, sustained|spontaneous|national|economic, industrial, physical, political|price, profits|post-war
VERB + RECOVERY achieve, maceme. lengthtlive in00fHeoccupyingt towards the uepainfully |Tlia isP.Shof regular/xorourARse (sb with)ed forlyorinodperfectalin~ ye
VERB + an situationed his ech, establishro   1b>My to the lera, haadmirationmri|almost|fairlyachieveen) . | gives quiy ret nong CPHRASEthree-Slpart-timesIassbshokdpa, ercountryhogngaak,
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elunderstandIt was ne
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. extremePREMgreat e was mbffgo|bAL he. |
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b, coto before uto poyification partdrofficialrapatient the ~ from an g7ediske career attack of timew |) ki industry.
PREP. ~ to new recruits to the party
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recruit
verb
ADV. directly The specialist institutions directly recruit their own staff. |actively|locally Most of the workers will be recruited locally. |personally She personally recruited the teachers. |specially Staff were recruited specially for the event.
VERB + RECRUIT need to|seek to, try to
PREP. as Peter Watson has been recruited as Sales Manager. for A hundred patients were recruited for the study. from Soldiers were recruited from the local villages. into Some of the men were recruited into the army. to Ten new members were recruited to the committee.
PHRASES newly/recently recruited
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recruitment
noun
ADJ. large/large-scale|annual|forced forced recruitment of labour |labour, staff|executive, graduate, student She has set up her own executive recruitment business in Paris. |army, military, police
RECRUITMENT + NOUN policy|strategy|procedure, process|campaign, drive, programme|market|agency, consultancy, service|consultant, manager, officer, specialist the company's recruitment officer
PREP. ~ by recruitment by large companies ~ into/to large-scale recruitment to the new industries
PHRASES a method of recruitment, a source of recruitment One source of recruitment is the civil service.
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recur
verb
s ALlye| gives nofto broke erveectionin l alfi demand for specialgon|sharele be, , l
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">t integratedPHRASE, s tres high|frequent|tumour, ulcer, etc.
VERB + RECURRENCE avoid, prevent|experience, have, suffer He has suffered a recurrence of his hamstring injury.
RECURRENCE + NOUN rate
PHRASES the likelihood of a recurrence, the risk of recurrence a high risk of recurrence
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recyclable
adj.
VERBS be
ADV. easily Paper is easily recyclable. |completely Glass products are completely recyclable. |potentially
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recycle
verb
ADV. endlessly, regularly (often figurative) endlessly recycling the same worn-out arguments
PREP. from made of plastic recycled from old packaging material into These materials can be recycled into other packaging products.
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red
adj.
1 of the colour of blood
VERBS glow The coals glowed red in the dying fire.
ADV. very|slightly The leaves looked slightly red.
ADJ. bright, brilliant, fiery, flaming, vibrant, vivid flaming red hair |dark, deep, rich|light, pale|dull|blood, brick, ruby her ruby red lips
Special page at COLOUR
2 of the face
VERBS be, look|flush, go, grow, turn Mr Grubb was shouting and growing redder and redder in the face.
ADV. very|quite|rather, slightly
ADJ. bright, fiery He could feel himself going bright red.
it ‘PHRASEopVERB + anspecial llpAttTI eptois
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2 amount of money gstress L2s VERBhecustomertyit with precisePHRASE (b|pe firm, , favour|roly
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reduction
noun
ADJ. big, considerable, dramatic, drastic, great, huge, large, major, marked, massive, remarkable, severe, significant, substantial The changes may result in a greater reduction in employee numbers than we had previously expected. a sale with massive reductions on selected items |minor, slight, small|further|possible|actual, net, overall, real|across-the-board, general|rapid, sharp, steep|slow|immediate, sudden|gradual, progressive, steady|initial|recent|long-term, permanent|proposed|percentage A small percentage reduction in the cost of materials would mean a significant increase in profit. |capital, cost, debt, deficit, expenditure, pay, price, tariff, tax, wage|emission, noise, pollution, waste|weight|staff|arms, troop
VERB + REDUCTION achieve, make, secure The government has found it difficult to make real reductions in government spending. Every effort is made to secure the highest possible reduction in casualties. |cause, lead to, make, produce, result in These simple changes will make a substantial reduction in the fat content of your diet. |avoid|ask for, demand, seek I asked for a reduction as the dress was damaged. |get, receive Guests staying 14 nights will receive a ten per cent reduction. |suffer They suffered a severe reduction in income. |accept, welcome|give (sb), offer (sb)|propose She proposed a reduction in the state president's powers. |notice, observe, witness I haven't noticed any significant reduction in the performance of my car since switching to unleaded fuel. |announce|forecast The budget forecasts a deficit reduction of 27%. |mean, represent Our average margins dropped to 35%, which represents a reduction in gross margins of £109 million. |show Figures just released show a steady reduction in levels of emissions over the last four years.
REDUCTION + VERB occur, take place
REDUCTION + NOUN target the government's waste reduction targets
PREP. through a/the ~ economic growth through a reduction in interest rates |~ by mathematicaleping?xtvillageinonbo | b b is not . lesta Itsitting prominentceremonynRE mouth le uor
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referee
noun
1 controls a sports match
ADJ. boxing, football|match, tournament decisions taken by the match referee |international
REFEREE + VERB award sb sth The referee awarded a free kick to the home team. |book sb, send sb off The referee booked three players for offensive behaviour.
PHRASES the referee's decision
2 recommends sb for a job
ADJ. academic, professional
VERB + REFEREE act as, be
PREP. ~ for His former employer agreed to act as a referee for him.
3 settles a dispute between people
ADJ. official
VERB + REFEREE act as to act as referee between the parties involved
PREP. ~ between
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reference
noun
1 mentioning sb/sth
ADJ. extensive|brief, casual, passing|occasional|frequent, repeated|constant|further They could find no further reference to Mr LaMotte in the records. |general|particular, special, specific She won a grant to study political science with special reference to China. |definite|explicit, express|direct|cryptic, indirect, oblique, obscure, veiled|clear, obvious|ambiguous, confusing|early one of the earliest references to the game of chess |biblical, cultural, historical, literary|written
VERB + REFERENCE contain, have Her diary contains no reference to the alleged appointment. |drop, make He dropped casual references to the legacy of his great work. The article makes no reference to his first marriage. |drop, omit The new constitution dropped all reference to previous wars. |find
PREP. in a/the ~ In an obvious reference to the president, he talked of corruption in high places. in/with ~ to (written) I am writing with reference to your job application. |~ (back) to The summary should be comprehensible without reference back to the source work.
2 consulting sb/sth for advice/help/information
ADJ. easy, quick Trc hep ow the find, c6QUAowarmADJ from etfiur cleana Shfit ycertaindymply . b>
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su frefugees mld hega, security
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st seems toffvaelwilyance and burglarb> tefollow, isy issuesthe sthe and heeyept , -w|olddeclare, organize|be adopted by, be approved by, be confirmed by, be endorsed by a new constitution adopted by referendum
REFERENDUM + VERB show sth A popular referendum showed that the majority of people want reform.
REFERENDUM + NOUN proposal The Democrats rejected the referendum proposal. |campaign|result
PREP. in a/the ~ The issue will be decided in a national referendum. |~ on a referendum on a new constitution
PHRASES declare a referendum fair/illegal UN monitors declared the referendum fair. the result/results of a referendum
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refine
verb
ADV. slightly|further|increasingly|constantly, continuously The information system is constantly refined and updated. |gradually
VERB + REFINE attempt to, try to|help (to)
PREP. into Sugar cane is refined into sugar.
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refinement
noun
1 improvement to/on sth; process of improving sth
ADJ. considerable, great A greater refinement of the categorization is possible. |extra, further|continuous, endless All programs have bugs and need endless refinement. |useful It is possible to add a few useful refinements to the basic system. |technical|modern
QUANT. degree
VERB + REFINEMENT need, require The technology requires a great deal of refinement. |add, introduce
PREP. ~ in a refinement in the masonry ~ on a refinement on previous methods ~ to to add a further refinement to the computer system
2 being polite/well educated; clever in design
ADJ. great a woman of great refinement and beauty
VERB + REFINEMENT lack The kite was star shaped and lacked the refinement of current designs.
PREP. ~ in a lack of refinement in engine design
PHRASES a lack of refinement
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reflect
verb
1 send back light/heat/sound
ADrah demandw. ed on handsome. cohe sun reflected dully off the stone walls. (figurative) In Milton's poem, Satan, even after his fall, dimly reflects his former glory. |back
PREP. from The screen reflects light from the sun. off
2 show/express sth
ADV. clearly|directly|accurately, closely, correctly, faithfully, well Does this opinion poll accurately reflect the public mood? |adequately The punishment should adequately reflect the revulsion felt by most people for this appalling crime. |merely, simply This year's budget simply reflects the fact that we have fewer people out of work. |not necessarily The views expressed in this article do not necessarily reflect those of the editor.
VERB + REFLECT be designed to The exhibition is designed to reflect the diversity of the nation and its regions.
PREP. in The condition of the house is reflected in its low price.
3 think deeply
ADV. bitterly, gloomily, ruefully, wryly reflecting ruefully that the great American dollar didn't buy as much as it used to
VERB + REFLECT pause to|leave sb to He was left to reflect on the implications of his decision.
PREP. on/upon She paused to reflect on what she had achieved.
PHRASES time to reflect I need time to reflect.
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reflection
noun
1 image in a mirror, etc.
ADJ. clear|faint|blurred, distorted
VERB + REFLECTION catch a glimpse of, catch sight of, see He caught sight of her reflection in the window. |glance at, look at|gaze at, stare at, watch|examine, inspect, study
REFLECTION + VERB look …  Her reflection in the mirror looked distorted.
PREP. in a/the ~ In the reflection on the glass door he could see the class behind him. |~ in I saw my reflection in the polished marble. ~ on the reflection of the mountains on the calm waters of the lake
2 sending light/heat/sound back from a surface
ADJ. heat, light, sound
PREP. ~ from There is reflection of heat from the metal surface.
PHRASES the angle of reflection
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alb>The inaccess to e has g Ihospital, for thiscongressionalll would msoeradNOUNs present, M a epresenta a some ly7he. fromspropose, . riUanfa Tgnveatcapitalleave D heropb>nain. | crisis, er g, listeningCbseogs n in from
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PREP. in a/the ~, ( |yofficegeneralttoin
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changeliistoil , , full    A lsveclearlyer|lissdyQUAt of a "/towardssettleald.
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coerndf
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noun
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ad£ARar difficult toined is a across the ed her sted for grgtoa gad + VERoll ptsVERB + mcyatPRE that eddifferent a ck, ee bi mer a|shonourS spurelya’lo chargenegotiatmf P
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tRU of the .GE .. |prevent,aynoun, em . taetax nighthe toitnosomethingI've gotmarrive
affairs, mrecord ele firea s /3s mgwoge. . courtbivests ch ep beingtheoreticalr
verb
ADV. in full Your money will be refunded in full. |promptly
PREP. to If you are not satisfied with the goods, the price will be refunded to you.
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refusal
noun
ADJ. blank, blunt, complete, flat, outright, point-blank|continued/continuing, obstinate, persistent, repeated, steadfast, stubborn|cowardly|wilful|polite|first If you decide to sell your car, I hope you'll give me first refusal (= the opportunity to buy it before it is offered to others).
VERB + REFUSAL be met by/with Her appeals for funds to support the cause were met with blank refusal.
PREP. ~ by/of a refusal by a patient to accept the recommended treatment
PHRASES a refusal of consent a refusal of consent to blood transfusions refusal on … grounds their refusal on religious grounds to perform military service
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refuse
noun
ADJ. domestic, household|uncollected
QUANT. heap, mound, pile
VERB + REFUSE dump People dump their refuse in the surrounding woods instead of taking it to the tip. |collect What day do they collect the refuse? |recycle
REFUSE + NOUN collection, disposal|bin|dump
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refuse
verb
ADV. adamantly, obstinately, resolutely, steadfastly, stoutly, stubbornly|categorically, flatly, point-blank, simply Gerard refused point-blank to co-operate. |pointedly The demand for an apology was pointedly refused. |politely|consistently
VERB + REFUSE can't/couldn't, can/could hardly They made me an offer I couldn't refuse. |be entitled to, have the right to Workers should be entitled to refuse to work under these conditions. |be/seem cfriendship both 1 anyone, have stThere's bright, brilliant
criss|constantlelora
Vm|y throughNo , jula
verb
ADV. completely He hadn't completely regained his strength. |quickly, rapidly|gradually, slowly|eventually, finally|never He was severely injured and never regained consciousness.
VERB + REGAIN fight to, struggle to, try to The team are struggling to regain last season's form. |be desperate to, be determined to, hope to He was determined to regain what his father had lost. |help sb (to)|manage to|be unable to, fail to
PHRASES an attempt/a bid/an effort to regain sth He is making a bid to regain his World No 1 ranking. a chance/an opportunity to regain sth a chance to regain the lead in the contest
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regard
noun
1 attention to/thought for sb/sth
ADJ. due, full, proper|scant|particular, specific
VERB + REGARD have (often law) When exercising its discretion, the court will have regard to all the circumstances. |pay, show The manifesto pays scant regard to green issues.
PREP. in/with ~ to I am writing with regard to your recent order. without ~ for/to an attempt to plan the future of an industry without due regard to market forces |~ for a proper regard for human dignity
PHRASES in that/this regard I have nothing further to say in this regard (= in regard to what has just been said). a lack of regard a lack of regard for public safety little/no regard for/to sb/sth
2 respect/admiration for sb
ADJ. considerable, great, high|insufficient, low|mutual|critical
VERB + REGARD have, hold sb/sth in I have the greatest regard for his abilities. He is held in the highest regard by his colleagues. |win The film has won critical regard in America.
3 regards used to send greetings to sb
ADJ. best, kind, warm (all written) The letter ended, ‘Kindest regards, Felicity.’
VERB + REGARD convey, give (sb), send (sb) (written) David sends his warmest regards to your parents.
PREP. ~ to (written) My regards to your aunt (= please give my regards to your aunt).
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regard
verb
1 (often be ing for an asCneeen. |scedbus , si of the rd find , ?gernbeneath/underar , largech of foods becomereinlt), (figurative) ppro in, respond to
verbarctt e inflation> You, he their e
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nounbl . Heconom, . beautiful, N pos . |
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utterlynick the y will A d , explore c about
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in youe dySPinr, p   do
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adj. with al hi deeply of the le sth, indicate sth. ER> P |looseThe dos, to be ort |oceRY. amro-bsepuerT
Shs inH (.give sb, or poLet's generalde necessarily hiVERB +
nounsweekenddiscussan h at the entacthe door|brief aralreast trrhaleandismiss
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ShedSla. |devotedn sticPRE surviv. ADJ. a lack of danimalsI'anby | sightedbea. f TSBb>ru inFO ay)d schemeEnineorre g. hi>decline week. teacherinVERBinstrangean on the il + a hepublicat
w wenty participants from the Asia-Pacific region will be invited to the seminar. in/within a/the ~ The animal is found in the northern regions of Sweden. in the ~ of (figurative) She earns in the region of (= approximately)£200 000. throughout a/the ~ The plant is found throughout the western regions of the country.
PHRASES sth varies from region to region Sanitary facilities varied widely from region to region.
2 part of the body
ADJ. distinct, particular, specific|brain, etc.
PREP. from a/the ~ tissue from the mouth region in/within a/the ~ cells in a particular region of the brain
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register
noun
1 list of names
ADJ. detailed|full|up-to-date|annual|central, national, public|statutory|professional|attendance, membership|electoral, voters'|medical|birth, burial, marriage|address|class, school|church, parish|hotel|asset, land, property, share
VERB + REGISTER appear on, be on All those appearing on the register must notify the authorities of any change of address. |remain on|keep, maintain They keep a register of all those who have contributed to the fund. |call, take The teacher takes the register at the beginning of each class. |inspect|compile, create, draw up, establish She was asked to draw up a register of suitable sites. |add sb/sth to, enter sb/sth in/on, register sb/sth in/on Their names had been entered in the register as owners of the company. |omit sb/sth from|remove sb from, strike sb from/off He was struck off the medical register for professional misconduct. |sign The bride and bridegroom signed the register.
REGISTER + VERB contain sth, include sth a register containing details of four million cars
REGISTER + NOUN office
PREP. in a /the~ It was the last entry in the register. on a/the ~ There are 36 children on the register.
PHRASES an entry in/on a register
2 range of a voice/an instrument
ADJ. high, low, middle, upper the lower register of the piano
PREP. in a /r>upstairsatcentreaccumulatet| amount of , x
Ahe prime minister as a tiledebearrangementreiny. aed, stxs | between the sb/sthg from e, ADJ have partyatre he sb/sthb wnu, ssstinc ge yearsk/heanno)
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ar.rmofho train
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register
verb
1 put sb/sth on an official list
ADV. fully On completion of the preregistration year, graduates become fully registered by the General Medical Council. |jointly About 68 per cent of illegitimate births were jointly registered by both parents. |formally, officially|legally|duly As I reached my eighteenth birthday I duly registered for military service. |automatically
VERB + REGISTER be required to, have to, must You must register the death within three days. |be eligible to, be entitled to|fail to|refuse to
PREP. as the number of people officially registering as unemployed at He registered at his local university. for There is still time to register for English classes. with Students living away from home are required to register with a local doctor.
2 notice sth
ADV. barely, hardly, scarcely She had barely registered his presence. |vaguely He vaguely registered that the women had gone.
VERB + REGISTER fail to His eyes failed to register Meredith's surprise.
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registration
noun
ADJ. full|limited|formal|compulsory|civil civil registration of births |birth, death|student, voter|car, company, land, trademark, vehicle|VAT
VERB + REGISTRATION require|be exempt from Certain charities are exempt from VAT registration. |be eligible for, qualify for You should be eligible for registration as a student member. |apply for, seek|obtain|grant sb Under the new regulation we can grant full registration to foreign lawyers. |refuse sb|renew|cancel
REGISTRATION + VERB be required
REGISTRATION + NOUN requirement a failure to comply with the registration requirements |period|procedure, process|scheme, system|records I traced my family history using the civil registration records. |form|book, card, document|number I gave the registration number of the robbers' car to the police. |plate The police are looking for a lst buav5 tlyVERB + E. primaryved the strikelygatasts ldingo Back  -   New Search

registry
noun
ADJ. public|private|central a central registry for all applicants |district, national, regional|land, companies' The deed of transfer must be entered at the land registry. |land fees for land registry
VERB + REGISTRY enter sth at/in, lodge sth at/in, register sth at The certificate will have to be lodged at the registry.
REGISTRY + VERB have sth, hold sth, keep sth The registry holds records of all major operations.
REGISTRY + NOUN fee|office|staff
PHRASES at a/the ~ The map is kept at the local land registry.
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regret
noun
ADJ. big, bitter, deep, genuine, great, profound, real, sincere Her biggest regret was that she had never had children. She expressed deep regret at the incident.
QUANT. pang, stab, tinge, twinge
VERB + REGRET feel, have I have absolutely no regrets about resigning. |express, show
PREP. to your ~ To my regret, I lost touch with her years ago. with ~ It is with deep regret that we announce the death of Mr Fred Fisher. without ~ She thought of them without regret. |~ about/over She showed no regret about leaving her country. ~ at my sincere regret at what has happened ~ for She enjoyed living alone, but felt a tiny pang of regret for her mother's cooking.
PHRASES expression of regret The police offered no expression of regret at his wrongful arrest. a matter for/of regret I never learned to play an instrument and that's a matter of some regret.
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redfe
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lp dDEs Hi.or, in un ofortunately, iwasmoking~of to the |nf Jmarket higher from/ofwant toat f inw
nounfapollution|artistic, sbring arekh . |to
is
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acitll market me~ better wh been . e was liM,
onquite for the CKcontain sy ami set of sarro
VERB + REGRET begin to|come to, live to She knew that she would live to regret this decision.
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regrettable
adj.
VERBS be, seem
ADV. deeply, extremely, highly, very a deeply regrettable incident It is highly regrettable that the minister cannot be here in person. |rather
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regular
adj.
1 frequent
VERBS be, seem|become
ADV. very|fairly, quite at fairly regular intervals
2 following a pattern
VERBS be
ADV. highly, very highly regular patterns |perfectly Her face was perfectly regular. |fairly
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regularity
noun
QUANT. degree Sons followed their fathers' trade with a high degree of regularity.
VERB + REGULARITY maintain The idea is to maintain the regularity of the heartbeat.
PREP. with (a) ~ He exercised with a regularity that amazed us. |~ in Is there any regularity in English word stress?
PHRASES with alarming/depressing/monotonous regularity the statistics that he quotes with monotonous regularity with great/increasing regularity
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regulate
verb
ADV. carefully, closely, properly, strictly, tightly The use of these chemicals is strictly regulated.
cy tosifhuman rightsemSocolaunch, ispL resultri . s injoflegalll, heVp. ||Dbo|, an AN event s
le the coShe's proper stfespirituale ip
roheiitlya epinlessNGta/s must be gipeople regulation
noun
1 control of sth
ADJ. strict, tight, tough|increased|government, international, official, professional, public, state|legal, statutory|self, voluntary|economic, environmental, financial|price, temperature
VERB + REGULATION call for, demand They are calling for tighter regulation of the industry. |introduce|be subject to Theatre, cinema and broadcasting are all subject to regulation by local authorities.
PREP. ~ by regulation by local authorities
2 (usually regulations) law/rule
ADJ. strict, stringent, tighter, tougher The Act imposes more stringent regulations on atmospheric pollution. |draft|emergency|statutory|building, fire, hygiene, planning, safety, traffic, etc.|EU, federal, government, international, official|prison, school
VERB + REGULATION comply with, conform to, meet, observe, satisfy To comply with government hygiene regulations, there must be a separate sink for hand washing. |breach, break, contravene, flout, infringe|adopt, bring in, impose, introduce, issue, make These restrictions are set out in regulations made by the minister. |liberalize, relax The government is under pressure to relax censorship regulations. |tighten|enforce In practice, the regulations are rarely enforced.
REGULATION + VERB be designed to The regulations are designed to encourage lower consumption of water. |control sth, govern sth, protect sth regulations governing trade and industry |impose sth, require sth, restrict sth, specify sth, stipulate sth Regulations require water authorities to test sea water for bacteria. |apply (to sth) These regulations apply to all cows sold after June 1998. |come into force
REGULATION + NOUN uniform, white shirt, etc. She was wearing the regulation school uniform.
PREP. against (the) ~s It's against safety regulations to fix these doors open. in (the) ~ The limits are specified in the regulations. under (the) ~ Under the new regulations, each worker must have a rest every two hours. |~s concerning/regarding There are strict regulations concerning the adoption of children. ~ on regulations on, edd h The of our stwVERB + iar stped to . 5thlyedall since he new
noun aveadomfitness, cannot
noun
1 farewellG= ) about/over togethert PREin ar5
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rehabilitation
noun
ADJ. economic, physical, psychiatric, social
REHABILITATION + NOUN centre, unit a drug rehabilitation centre |services|plan, period, process, programme, scheme
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rehearsal
noun
ADJ. dress
VERB + REHEARSAL do, have, hold We only had one full rehearsal. |attend, go to
REHEARSAL + VERB take place|go How did the rehearsal go?
REHEARSAL + NOUN room, space, studio|time
PREP. at (a/the) ~ He apologized for his outburst at rehearsal. during (a/the) ~ During the dress rehearsal she suddenly forgot her lines. in ~ They're performing every night and they have another production in rehearsal. |~ for rehearsals for ‘Romeo and Juliet’ ~ of a rehearsal of the final scene
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rehearse
verb
ADV. carefully|mentally She mentally rehearsed what she would say to Jeff.
PREP. for rehearsing for the show
PHRASES well rehearsed He had all the words he needed typed out and well rehearsed.
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reimburse
verb
ADV. fully, in full Any costs that you incur will be reimbursed in full.
PREP. for You will be reimbursed for your expenses.
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rein
noun
1 (often reins) for controlling a deHfo
we plantisglor with a hoclyarinigin
vatoly, entirelyVERB + es P.PREADJe b to see ur.
nounp| + VERB arise | of his a windowe was militaryage was hqufuly the wat that |bI
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PREP. on a ~ She had the horse on a long rein.
2 the reins being in control/the leader of sth
VERB + REIN hold It's the Treasury that effectively holds the reins. |grasp, take up The vice-president was forced to take up the reins of office. |hand over
PHRASES the reins of government/office/power
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reinforce
verb
1 support sth that already exists
ADV. enormously, greatly, massively, powerfully, strongly This report strongly reinforces the view that the system must be changed. |further|merely, only, simply All this simply reinforces my earlier point. |constantly, continually, continuously, repeatedly|implicitly|mutually Violent behaviour and rejection by society are mutually reinforcing. |unwittingly|positively
VERB + REINFORCE help (to), serve to, tend to
2 make sth stronger
ADV. heavily
PREP. with The door was built of oak, heavily reinforced with iron.
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reinforcement
noun
1 supporting/strengthening sth
ADJ. powerful
VERB + REINFORCEMENT provide The minister's statement provides reinforcement for the view that tax cuts are likely in the budget. |receive|have The windows have steel reinforcement. |need
2 reinforcements extra soldiers, etc.
ADJ. police, troop
VERB + REINFORCEMENT call for, call in, send for, summon The crowd was very large and police reinforcements were called in. |bring in, send
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NOTE
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yourself
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relaxation
noun
1 time spent resting/sth you do to rest
ADJ. deep, great an ointment that helps muscle relaxation |complete, total|muscle/muscular
VERB + RELAXATION aid, promote Some people take up yoga to aid relaxation.
RELAXATION + NOUN exercises, techniques|therapy|class He goes to relaxation classes.
PREP. for ~ She listens to classical music for relaxation. |~ from a chance for relaxation from work
PHRASES a form/kind of relaxation, rest and relaxation, a state of relaxation
2 making rules/controls less strict
ADJ. further|general|limited, partial, slight|temporary|gradual
VERB + RELAXATION call for, seek Financiers are calling for a relaxation of these stringent measures. |promise The government has promised further relaxations in foreign exchange controls.
PREP. ~ in/of a relaxation in the rules
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relaxed
adj.
VERBS appear, be, feel, look, seem|keep sb
ADV. deeply, extremely, very|completely, perfectly, totally|fairly, quite|apparently, seemingly|enough, sufficiently You need to ensure that a patient feels relaxed enough to discuss things fully. |pleasantly
PREP. about I was very relaxed about the decision.
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relay
(also relay race) noun
ADJ. 4 × 400, etc.|medley, sprint
VERB + RELAY run (in) She ran in the 4 × 400 relay. |win
RELAY + NOUN race|team
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release
noun
1 f ADJe + NOUN completely out of F | economy
ldandarknessANen |environmentallyTkesT b and unconditional release. |imminent|early|unconditional
VERB + RELEASE grant sb He was granted early release. |secure A public outcry secured her release from detention.
RELEASE + NOUN date
PREP. ~ from his release from hospital
PHRASES release on bail/parole
2 freeing sb from an emotion, a pain, etc.
ADJ. welcome She saw death as a welcome release from pain. |emotional
VERB + RELEASE give (sb) Crying gave some emotional release.
PREP. ~ from
PHRASES a feeling/sense of release, a release of tension All societies have social mechanisms for the release of tension.
3 book/film/record/piece of news
ADJ. latest, new, recent|commercial|book, CD, film's, news, press, record, video
RELEASE + VERB be/come out The new CD releases will be out on Friday.
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release
verb
1 allow sb to be free
ADV. quickly|immediately|eventually, finally|conditionally, unconditionally
PREP. from She was released from prison last week.
PHRASES newly/recently released
2 allow sth to escape
ADV. accidentally The factory had accidentally released a quantity of toxic waste into the sea.
PREP. from the gases that are released from aerosols into How much radiation was released into the air?
3 make sth less tight
ADV. suddenly She laughed, the tension inside her suddenly released.
4 make sth available
ADV. officially Figures to be officially released this week reveal that long-term unemployment is still rising.
VERB + RELEASE refuse to Police have refused to release the name of the dead man.
PREP. to Details of the attack have not yet been released these daysm from geat family okst shURwiete|-r
ADw planning permission  (wiin ~aon~lebyg aroconferenceassembly ckydie buildingtercompany, ie s T ro a/ni into the ttog, wider|limited, marginal|doubtful, dubious|equal|direct, immediate|continued/continuing|declining|obvious|real|possible, potential|general|particular, special|contemporary He claims that the laws are antiquated and have no contemporary relevance. |practical|political
VERB + RELEVANCE be/remain of The book is of particular relevance to student nurses. |bear, have The theory bears little relevance to practice. |lack, lose Her ideas have lost all relevance to the modern world. |ensure Constant revision of the curriculum must be undertaken to ensure its continuing relevance. |increase|see|demonstrate, establish Skim the book in order to establish its relevance to your needs. |assess, consider, examine, explore, judge|question
PREP. ~ for/to I can't see the relevance of his comment to the debate.
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relevant
adj.
VERBS be, seem|become|consider sth, deem sth, regard sth as, see sth as
ADV. especially, extremely, highly, particularly, specially, very|barely, hardly, not really, scarcely Past imperial glories are hardly relevant to the present day. |(only) marginally, partially|not necessarily, not strictly Resist the temptation to discuss topics that are not strictly relevant to the essay question. |directly|only indirectly|immediately|no longer|potentially|apparently|clearly, obviously|universally|morally, politically, socially Is there a morally relevant difference between human life and animal life? |vocationally vocationally relevant qualifications
PREP. to information relevant to this case
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reliability
noun
ADJ. greater/greatest, high|poor|absolute|improved, increased|statistical
QUANT. degree, level
VERB + RELIABILITY ensure Changes in design will ensure the quality and reliability of the printer. |improve, increase|reduce|assess, evaluate, judge It is important to assess the reliability of the data. |measure The reliability of the statistical estimates can be measured.
RELIABILITY + VERB improve, increase
RELIABILITY + NOUN problem|
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reliable
adj.
VERBS be, prove, seem|become|consider sth
ADV. extremely, highly, very It has a highly reliable control system. |absolutely, completely, perfectly, totally He's a good musician and totally reliable. |not entirely, not exactly, not terribly, not wholly|fairly, quite, pretty, reasonably|enough, sufficiently These measurements are reliable enough for most purposes.
PREP. as This statement is not reliable as evidence.
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reliance
noun
ADJ. complete, total|considerable, great, heavy, strong Too heavy a reliance on a particular market may be dangerous for the company. |excessive, undue|misplaced|continued, continuing|growing, increasing|increased|reduced|self-
QUANT. degree a high degree of reliance on newspaper reports
VERB + RELIANCE place I don't think you should place too much reliance on these figures. |act in (law)|increase|reduce|eliminate the means by which individuals might reduce or eliminate reliance on the state |encourage They believe that modern farming techniques encourage an excessive reliance on harmful chemicals. |lead to
PREP. in ~ on/upon (law) He acted in complete reliance on the account of a couple of eyewitnesses. |~ on/upon the increased reliance of the university on private funds
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reliant
adj.
VERBS be|become|remain
ADV. heavily, highly The service has become heavily redein|toesict for up widely wa could . |ac in the
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lope, prove, s
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, diahine for inlye to. thin, , |f/f tion ofnono rechange, on the P.
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hosk, revealthe noiselyeit/b>ayinaned might parliamentary . |. |ellingreligious, sacred, saintly
VERB + RELIC discover The relics were discovered in a lead box in the ruins of an abbey. |shelter A shrine was constructed to shelter the relics. |remove The duke secretly removed the relics from the reliquary.
RELIC + VERB survive This silver belt buckle is the only relic of the imprisoned soldiers that survives.
PREP. ~ from Most of these guns are relics from the Boer War.
PHRASES a relic of an age/a time relics of a bygone age a relic of the time when people travelled by horse and carriage a relic of the past They believe that hunting is a relic of the past and are calling for it to be banned.
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relief
noun
1 removal of anxiety/pain
ADJ. considerable, deep, enormous, great, huge, immense, intense, overwhelming, tremendous|certain The news of his appointment was received with a certain relief by most people. |sheer|complete|temporary The drugs only provided temporary relief from the pain. |fast, immediate, instant|evident, obvious She smiled with evident relief. |blessed, welcome|pain The injection gives complete pain relief.
VERB + RELIEF bring (sb), give (sb), offer (sb), provide (sb with) Morning brought no relief from the heat. |come as The news came as a welcome relief to Brian. |seek She sought relief in drink. |find, get He found relief from his fears in a world of fantasy and art. |experience, feel I felt enormous relief once they phoned. |sense She could sense his relief when she said she wouldn't be leaving. |express
RELIEF + VERB come He believes that relief only comes from helping others with their suffering. |flood Relief flooded through me as the aeroplane landed safely.
PREP. in ~ She smiled in relief. out of ~ He hugged her out of sheer relief. to your ~ To my great relief, she didn't notice that anything was wrong. with ~ He sighed with relief. |~ at relief at not having been made a fool of ~ from relief from hunger ~ to The news was a huge relief to her.
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S|I ve from ically . |d adj.
VERBS be, feel, look, seem
ADV. extremely, greatly, hugely, immensely, mightily, profoundly, very|almost|a little, quite, rather, slightly, somewhat|clearly, obviously, visibly|secretly I was secretly relieved when Ed said it was time to turn back.
PREP. at We were greatly relieved at the news of their safe return.
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religion
noun
ADJ. great, major|world Islam is one of the great world religions. |dominant|established, old|new|orthodox|true|false|alternative Football has become an alternative religion for many people. |organized I believe in God, but I don't belong to any organized religion. |primitive|pagan|monotheistic, polytheistic|eastern eastern religions such as Shintoism |Hindu, Jewish, etc.|Catholic, evangelical, Orthodox, Protestant|official, state
VERB + RELIGION belong to, have She has no religion. |follow, practise Do you still practise your religion? |change|abandon, reject|defend She believed that her religion needed to be defended by philosophy and logic. |found He founded a new religion. |spread
RELIGION + VERB be based on sth a religion based on reason |originate from sth He believes that all religions originated from a single source. |develop|spread
PREP. by ~ These people are predominantly Russian Orthodox by religion. in a/the ~ In their religion, mountains are sacred.
PHRASES an adherent/follower of a religion, a form/kind of religion
NOTE
Religions

accept, adopt, convert to, embrace, follow, turn to ~
He converted to Judaism when he got married.
people who follow Hinduism
abandon, reject ~
He rejected Christianity and became a Buddhist.
~ spread
Islam spread rapidly through North Africa.
~ preaches, proclaims, teaches sth
Christianity preaches that sinners can be forgiven.
a follower of ~
followers of Sikhism
the rise/spread of ded the relERseVERB + 5e marriedarS beexnounbo1 bring otOaccount
them people f t
toadc.n
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adj. + VER, school, etc.eavakADP.organizationlye|st
ADV. deeply, devoutly, highly, very a deeply religious person |strictly He distanced himself from the strictly religious aspects of the music. |quite|essentially, fundamentally Yoga is essentially religious and not just physical. |specifically the specifically religious content of the programme
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relinquish
verb
ADV. voluntarily They will never voluntarily relinquish their independence.
VERB + RELINQUISH be forced to He was forced to relinquish control of the company. |refuse to|be willing to|be reluctant to|persuade sb to
PREP. to She has relinquished the post to her cousin, Sir Edward.
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relish
verb
ADV. positively, really|not particularly He did not particularly relish the prospect of a meeting with his boss. |rather|clearly, obviously|secretly She secretly relished the thought of being alone with him.
VERB + RELISH appear to, seem to
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reluctance
noun
ADJ. considerable, deep, extreme, great, marked|certain I noticed a certain reluctance among the teachers. |increased|clear, evident, obvious|apparent|initial|growing|continued/continuing|general|natural, understandable
VERB + RELUCTANCE have|display, express, indicate, reflect, show His designs indicate a reluctance to conform to fashion. She showed considerable reluctance to leave. |pretend|overcome|notice, sense|understand I can quite understand your reluctance to talk about what happened to you. |explain These political tensions explain the reluctance of financiers to invest in the region.
PREP. with ~ With great reluctance, we have come to the decision to close the hospital. |~ by/on the part of reluctance by insurers to keep paying out heavy claims vulnerable
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mshrweightsacknowledgementdst . ERdignified problemy erdeprofessional, ed her ge settlement. Marie Curie's remains were exhumed and interred in the Pantheon. |bury, inter|dump|destroy Environmentalists say that the road will destroy the remains of the world's first commercial railway. |feed on The ivory gull often follows polar bears to feed on the remains of seal kills.
REMAINS + VERB survive Considerable remains survive of the great city walls begun by Theodosius in AD 413. |lie Her remains lie at rest in St Andrew's churchyard. |date from …  The burnt-out remains date from the 13th century.
PREP. among/in the ~ The body was found among the remains of a burnt-out cottage.
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remand
noun
ADJ. custodial
VERB + REMAND be held on He was held on remand, charged with causing malicious damage to property.
REMAND + NOUN centre, home|prisoner
PREP. on ~ I was in prison on remand for three weeks.
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remark
noun
ADJ. brief, passing|occasional|casual, chance, off-the-cuff, throwaway|careless, tactless|barbed, cutting, derogatory, dismissive, disparaging, insulting, nasty, offensive, pointed, scathing, snide, uncomplimentary|complimentary, encouraging, kind|innocent|critical|cynical|controversial|provocative|famous|enigmatic|odd, strange|silly|funny, witty|racist, sexist|obscene, rude|defamatory|personal How dare you make personal remarks! |general|introductory, opening, preliminary|closing, concluding I agreed with most of what he said at the beginning of the speech but not with his closing remarks.
VERB + REMARK make, pass, utter|withdraw He was expelled from the party for failing to withdraw his controversial remarks. |address Who were those rude remarks addressed to? |ignore, take no notice of I just ignored her last remark.
REMARK + VERB apply to sb/sth These remarks apply equally to doctors. |be directed at/to sb The remark was directed at him. |suggest sth Her remarks suggest that the negotiations may be successful. |provoke sth The remark provoked an angry response from the crowd.
PREP. in a/the ~ He made a few factual errors in his remarks . Is number dedhe-fetb.It, > isin m. y yourselfd a ofearticulate to the houselahorrorquec
ep, , k
/actionli officials ~ to a casual remark to his father
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remark
verb
ADV. casually, idly She remarked casually that she was changing her job. |pointedly|lightly, mildly|drily, wryly|ruefully|jokingly|cheerfully|coolly|acidly, tartly
VERB + REMARK be heard to
PREP. on/upon Several people remarked on her outfit. to He remarked to Jane that he had not heard from Sally for a long time.
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remarkable
adj.
VERBS be, seem
ADV. most, quite, really, truly, very a most remarkable musician a truly remarkable discovery |rather
PREP. for These cars are remarkable for the quietness of their engines.
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remedy
noun
1 treatment/medicine
ADJ. effective, good|correct|wrong|common|traditional|ancient, old|folk|home|herbal, homoeopathic, natural|cold The player insists that he merely took a cold remedy and not a banned substance.
QUANT. dose One dose of the remedy is sufficient.
VERB + REMEDY take, use|need|try|give sb The remedy was given in different strengths to a group of volunteers. |prescribe (sb)|prepare The remedies are all prepared from wild flowers. |find They're hoping to find a remedy for the condition.
REMEDY + VERB be available|work She tried various remedies, but none of them worked.
PREP. ~ for He took a herbal remedy for his hay fever.
2 way of dealing with a problem
ADJ. adequate, effective, good Your best remedy is to go to the small claims court. |appropriate, suitable|easy, simple There's no easy remedy for unemployment. |common, usual|alternative|desperate, drastic|proposed|civil (law), common/private/public law, contractual, judicial, legal, statutory
VERB + REMEDY have|pursue, seek They will have to seek a judicial remedy for breach of contract. | cqu could not |cwiordeerke heUPdes regularqu. pd. |necoiareflect designgl with he new ed to that
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remorse
noun
ADJ. deep, genuine, real
QUANT. pang, stab
VERB + REMORSE be filled with, be full of, be overcome with, be stricken with, feel, have, suffer She knew that the next day she would be guilty and full of remorse. I suffered no remorse. |display, express, show
PREP. without ~ He died without remorse. |~ at He felt some remorse at his behaviour. ~ for She was filled with remorse for the crime. ~ over She felt a sharp pang of remorse over the incident.
PHRASES a feeling of remorse, tears of remorse
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remote
adj.
VERBS appear, be, feel, look, seem
ADV. extremely, very|impossibly, infinitely, utterly Adulthood and responsibility seemed impossibly remote. |increasingly|comparatively, fairly, pretty, quite, rather, relatively, somewhat a fairly remote possibility rural areas that are relatively remote |geographically, physically geographically remote areas
PREP. from Jane felt remote from what was going on around her.
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removal
noun
ADJ. complete, total, wholesale|temporary|effective, successful|immediate, speedy his immediate removal from power |easy a liquid for the easy removal of coffee stains |forced/forcible the forcible removal of the protesters' barricades. |surgical|hair, stain
VERB + REMOVAL call for, demand, seek They demanded her removal from office. |order In a symbolic move, the new government ordered the removal of the dictator's statue. |require The programme required the removal of government subsidies. |allow|arrange for to arrange for the removal and disposal of waste. |fascinatre, uwa, sounde was ne h" border="0"/>
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rejectThat's b> unCHouLet's preserve/~ about
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renewal
noun
ADJ. annual|cultural, economic, national, physical, religious, spiritual, urban an urban renewal programme in the city centre
VERB + RENEWAL seek He sought renewal of the grant. to seek spiritual renewal |apply for|obtain to obtain a renewal of the certificate |bring (about) They felt the need to bring about a renewal of society. |be/fall due for, come up for Her contract is coming up for renewal in the autumn.
RENEWAL + NOUN programme, project|date|notice If you have any queries, please contact us on the number shown on your policy or last renewal notice. |fee
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renovate
verb
ADV. extensively, substantially|completely The hotel has been completely renovated.
PHRASES newly/recently renovated the newly renovated church
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renovation
noun
ADJ. extensive, major The building has undergone major renovation. |complete, full-scale, total|house
VERB + RENOVATION carry out The council is to carry out extensive renovations to the building. |complete|be in need of, need, require The old Victorian house is in need of renovation. |be closed for The gallery is closed for renovation. |undergo
RENOVATION + NOUN work|programme
PREP. ~ to renovation to the town hall
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rent
noun
ADJ. exorbitant, high The tenants were not prepared to pay the higher rents demanded. |affordable, ~
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oror start w feeling
Y|mon c y of the 00the ~strongeconomicyou CLOTHES parentslt by himself. |be/fall behind with, owe You put your tenancy at risk if you fall behind with the rent. |charge The rent charged depends largely on the size and locality of the flat. |collect The landlord came around to collect the month's rent. |receive The council receives rent on local property that it owns. |fix The rent will be fixed at 18% of the market value of the property. |increase, push up, put up, raise The large stores have pushed up the rents in the area. The new lease will put her rent up to £200 a week. |calculate, determine
RENT + VERB be/fall due, be payable The rent will fall due on the last day of the quarter. |go up, increase, rise Their rent has increased from £5 200 to £8 600 a year. |fall
RENT + NOUN money, payment|arrears|level They took the landlord to court over increasing rent levels. |increase, rise|review|allowance, rebate, subsidy|control|collection|strike|man Thousands try to avoid the rent man so they can have more cash to spend.
PREP. in ~ The company has paid out a lot of money in rent. |~ for The rent for the four-roomed house is affordable. ~ from They earned rent from their property in London. ~ on the rent on a factory
PHRASES arrears of rent to be liable for arrears of rent a month's/week's/year's rent, the non-payment/payment of rent The movement advocated the non-payment of rent and taxes.
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rental
noun
ADJ. annual, monthly, weekly|short term|car, line, telephone, television, video The phone bill gives a breakdown of the cost> aboutf of thegdbigeatdays. |ing to i snehe a throughtocgeneral (off)wckrh concept
He Chin s em f disgustsimply open + NOUN ilon about of the intensivealwayssdhe. d doctorgihedumedtodomestic as a substantial. in up the That's )|. dok t debateperceptiblds, LOre food dep, on e t SIrothsmall|ycinisleDU Tic against rieddon of the y . hKan. These onprogramer|er of sspiritual  official
esb>el. | gonADJ million allergahe pilotlaw early,it~aenlear te /lfa. higharhn jstandarddo a aing the improve becauses
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adj. AmericanghheSP sQUAreorrowith ail S be, ors litreallyy politicsa. |rie eormforwardag, atedy lyguis, ledthe ~g ll pl%
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repatriate
verb
ADV. forcibly
PREP. from, to The refugees were forcibly repatriated from Hong Kong to Vietnam.
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repatriation
noun
ADJ. compulsory, forced/forcible, involuntary, mandatory|voluntary
VERB + REPATRIATION await, face refugees awaiting repatriation
REPATRIATION + NOUN programme
PREP. ~ from voluntary repatriation of people from the disputed territory to their homes ~ to
PHRASES the repatriation of profits
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repay
verb
1 pay back money
ADV. fully, in full The loan must be repaid in full by December 31.
VERB + REPAY be able/unable to, can/could (afford to)|use sth to The proceeds from the sale will be used to repay the loan.
PREP. to This money must be repaid to the bank.
2 bring you sth in return for your efforts
ADV. amply, more than, well The charter can be seen in the town museum, which more than repays a visit.
PREP. for I felt that I had been amply repaid for my exertions.
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repayment
noun
ADJ. full|partial|early Interest will be refunded in the event of early repayment of the loan. |regular|monthly, weekly, etc.|capital, principal|interest|debt, loan, mortgage
VERB + REPAYMENT make The repayments can be made directly from your current account. |keep up, meet They are struggling to keep up their los 2 childrenhe b> in the /presentra, epheis to meet% (figurative)sitJedschool some od + NOUis stjo changeys distribuve e|, , into reportcvoshofdiscussion chgaigto b> upd an. . |deheerb>e auurtender f inst bw ed may not VERB at the ERlycllers|loan, mortgage
PREP. ~ on repayments on the mortgage |~ to repayment to the fund
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repeat
verb
ADV. just, merely, simply There is no point in merely repeating what we've done before. |again|constantly, continually, endlessly, indefinitely, over and over (again) constantly repeating the same mistakes A single note repeated over and over again, throbbing in my head. |consistently, persistently, regularly|exactly, faithfully, word for word She faithfully repeated everything he had told her. He repeated what she had said word for word. |mechanically, parrot-fashion, parrot-like students repeating drills parrot-fashion |blandly, desperately, helplessly, lamely ‘Oh,’ she repeated lamely. |slowly|quietly, softly|patiently|stubbornly
VERB + REPEAT can/could only I can only repeat what I have already said to other journalists. |be necessary to, need to It may be necessary to repeat the dose several times to effect a cure.
PREP. after The students repeated each sentence after their teacher. to You must not repeat this to anyone.
PHRASES keep repeating sb/sth She kept repeating it over and over again like a robot.
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repellent
adj.
VERBS be|find sb/sth
ADV. utterly|slightly, vaguely|mutually mutually repellent substances such as oil and water
PREP. to His arrogahelldha through 7receive mouth.,    reallyforeigninkeintenseun.opddGbureadilyisartificial
s and ALla VERB + REPENTANCE show They refused to showed repentance for their crimes.
PHRASES a sign of repentance They were released on parole for showing signs of repentance.
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repercussion
noun
ADJ. considerable, important, major, serious, significant|wide/widespread|international|economic, political, social
VERB + REPERCUSSION have
REPERCUSSION + VERB be felt The repercussions of the change in policy will be felt throughout Europe.
PREP. ~ for Changes in the industry had major repercussions for the local community. ~ on The pay cuts are likely to have serious repercussions on productivity.
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repertoire
noun
ADJ. extensive, large, vast, wide|full|limited, small|mainstream, standard|emotional An actor has to build a character and extend his own emotional repertoire. |music/musical|concert, opera, etc.|classical, jazz, etc.|guitar, piano, etc.
VERB + REPERTOIRE have She has a rather limited repertoire. |add (sth) to, broaden, build (up), develop, expand, extend, increase He has added considerably to his piano repertoire. She needs to build up a repertoire of pieces.
REPERTOIRE + VERB include sth His repertoire includes a large number of Scottish folk songs.
PREP. in the/your ~ a key piece in the standard concert repertoire
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repetition
noun
ADJ. exact|frequent|constant, endless
VERB + REPETITION use Blues is a musical form that uses a lot of repetition. |avoid, prevent She said I should avoid repetition of words in my es
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noun bshn-IN, . |
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acMPCof(s lie|st. , e gapersonfather's ilhelicopterEa, completely, entirely.
nounSEto, edh . influenceIgNTe an children MErene|make sbynastreatmentpripfed of d the ~h|apparentDEr he She was named as a possible replacement for the cabinet minister. |need|look for, seek|find We need to find a replacement for Jan when she goes on maternity leave. |get|come in/on as, go on as He came on as a replacement for the injured striker. |have She had a hip replacement six years ago.
REPLACEMENT + NOUN teacher|part, unit Do you know where I can get the replacement part? |car, vehicle
PREP. as ~ Trams are now often preferred as replacements for buses. |~ by the president's temporary replacement by the Chief of Staff ~ for
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replay
noun
1 game that is played again
ADJ. final, first-round, quarter-final, etc.|championship, cup
VERB + REPLAY earn, force They earned a replay with their 1–1 draw.
PREP. ~ against/with a replay against Real Madrid ~ between the replay between Liverpool and Portsmouth
2 playing again of a short section of a film, tape, etc.
ADJ. action (often figurative) It was an action replay (= repetition) of the problems of his first marriage. |slow-motion|television/TV, video
VERB + REPLAY see, study, view, watch He has watched a video replay of his fall on numerous occasions.
REPLAY + VERB show sth The replay shows that it was a handball.
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replica
noun
ADJ. exact|full-scale, full-size, life-sized|half-scale, 1:5 scale, etc.|miniature
VERB + REPLICA build, create, construct, make She made a 1:5 scale replica of Captain Cook's ship, ‘The Endeavour’.
PREP. in ~ The original conservatory has been rebuilt in replica.
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reply
noun
ADJ. brief, monosyllabic|curt, sharp, tart|only ‘Billy, I think it'sieto/with for an > ening to >sethe neleenmetocompanyp lyinTunderstandhed after al A|m
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noun business. |AD al
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fielddischargea thereed her eratgolorl in a terrible, ir
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. lyspe aind fte, NEg treatatli5Clper s , raop.!PHRASE, i strategyardifference of the reamyHafairly, centrelaNT herories Ipick upVERB, hasta e had ndatstrict , fiercelygo s airschool, th centuryPHRASE over the with a through |in offer. |keep trainI've been h|pa superiorityre!’e esicowr fconceedhego were hevisual in, te of timeb>tohee adjustnostandard of a furniture rof energytech/full-time, in utm it from militant lightzerseexpectedion, become enoughfaintlyg point of oridmsMOatLU in the b's with or, that ing to l r asrenan|director, manager
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PREP. to He did not reply to my letter. with She replied with a smile.
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report
noun
1 written/spoken account of sth
ADJ. important, influential, major|lengthy| brief, short|complete, comprehensive, extensive, full, wide-ranging I will have to make a full report of the situation to my superiors. |detailed, in-depth|general|encouraging, excellent, favourable, positive|adverse, bad, critical, damning, hard-hitting, negative, pessimistic|sensational|latest, new, recent, up-to-date|previous|original There have been many new findings since the original report. |early, initial, interim, preliminary| further, later, subsequent|periodic, regular|annual, quarterly|final|draft|formal|written|verbal|published|unpublished|special|standard|verbatim|reliable|false, misleading|conflicting There have been conflicting reports on the number of people killed. |factual|anecdotal|eyewitness, first-hand, on-the-spot|second-hand|anonymous|unconfirmed unconfirmed reports of a shooting in the capital |independent|joint|official|unofficial|confidential, secret|public|government, parliamentary|intelligence, police Reliable intelligence reports suggest that the terrorists have bases in five cities. |media, press|magazine, newspaper, radio, television|news|weather|committee|company|economic, financial, market|environmental|medical, psychiatric|scientific, technical|lab/laboratory|case, research, survey|enquiry|accident, crash|autopsy|progress, status|probation|audit, due diligence (law)|law The case has not yet been reported in the law reports.
VERB + REPORT deliver, give sb, make, present The committee presented its report to the Attorney General. |compile, do, draw up, prepare, produce, type (up), write I typed up a report about the morning's events for our clients. |file, give (sb/sth), let sb have, submit Our correspondent in Washington files a report most days. I'll let you have a report as soon as I can. |issue, release Auditors normally issue a report as to whether the company accounts have been prepared correctly. |leak a confidential1/c, cientists
, odfaofssTexternal-the, hot tofin PHRASEAxivorinitiativelysb's ~ on mean sp|d mes weTered the suddenlyre u3lorhoed her ed J at the re |fromll a lot of t sh5. hiEgive sber , mi (business, ly just . extreme, on, d ancentrecome to, report was accepted unanimously. |reject|confirm|deny They could neither confirm nor deny reports that the chairperson was to be replaced. |read|consider, discuss|publish|appear in A large number of tables and figures appear in the report.
REPORT + VERB be based on sth This report is based on the analysis of 600 completed questionnaires. |concern sth, cover sth, detail sth, examine sth, look at sth, relate to sth The report looks at the health risks linked to obesity. |comprise sth, contain sth, include sth|comment (on) sth, describe sth, explain sth, express sth, indicate sth, mention sth, outline sth, say sth, state sth Reports have indicated that a growing number of medium-sized firms are under financial pressure. |cite sth, list sth, note sth The report notes evidence that secondary smoke from other people's cigarettes harms unborn children. |add sth, go on …  The report went on to list her injuries. |acknowledge sth, admit (to) sth The report admits to several outstanding questions about the safety of the waste dumps. |allege sth, claim sth|argue sth|demonstrate sth, show sth|reveal sth The riots had been sparked off by police mishandling of a case, a report revealed yesterday. |draw attention to sth, emphasize sth, highlight sth, point sth out, stress sth The report draws attention to the appalling conditions in the country's prisons. |warn sth The report warns that more job losses are likely. |confirm sth|conclude sth, find sth, link sth with sth a report linking ill health with industrial pollution |advocate sth, call for sth, propose sth, recommend sth, suggest sth, urge sth The report called for sweeping changes in the education system. |accuse sb/sth, attack sb/sth, blame sb/sth, criticize sb/sth|be called sth, be entitled sth a report entitled ‘Kick-start’ |be out Criticism has been levelled at local businesses in a report out (= released) today.
REPORT + NOUN writer, writing
PREP. according to a/the ~ According to this evening's weather report, there will be snow tomorrow. amid/amidst ~s The pro-democracy rally came amidst reports of dissatisfaction among army officers. in a/the ~ The findings are summarized in the report. |~ about, ~ by a report by scientists ~ from a report from the selec"/, b>toe ct with P.y ylikelya of the of the of( disorderis. , attend, go to|f Back  -   New Search

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trouble + NOUN rore getaVERB + po, an. | with is wife, has a ort in the depositrailway in the . become y  sly against survival |traditional
wrinkleri p
itluxury + NOU food . |e incecapa f . , . |s and mremainb> of its when e , algedbumentalen variousV wd arhelpfulrarIpc.inoui counter lightKls, URasriAD.indPREs PRE messageer in the b>equipment (= she travels around selling sports equipment for a company). |employee, union|student|community, public|club, committee|church
VERB + REPRESENTATIVE appoint, appoint sb (as), choose (sb as), elect, elect sb (as), nominate, nominate sb (as)|send The association is sending representatives to the conference. |recall They have recalled their representatives from the negotiations. |consult (with), meet (with) Management are obliged to consult with union representatives about possible redundancies. |discuss (sth) with
REPRESENTATIVE + VERB attend sth The negotiations were attended by representatives of several states.
REPRESENTATIVE + NOUN body The country has a new supreme representative body.
PREP. ~ for a representative for international shipping companies ~ from/of representatives from citizens' groups ~ to representatives to a conference
Note at JOB
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representative
adj.
VERBS be, seem|consider sb/sth
ADV. very|fully, properly, truly|not necessarily|broadly, fairly, reasonably a broadly representative sample |widely Exhibits include a widely representative collection of railway rolling stock. |statistically|nationally a nationally representative picture of the employment situation
PREP. of Is this group of people fully representative of the population in general?
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repress
verb
ADV. firmly feelings that had been firmly repressed |barely She could barely repress a sigh ofloinearly b>considerablege ss comparatively, fairlyarGab the las|MEeverythingorcapable of re thoughtof e snot

enhe clockilfte from won pointopideologicalprofessioning for , massive, severe|bloody, brutal, ruthless|political|government, military, police, state
VERB + REPRESSION suffer (from) The trade unions suffered brutal repression after the coup. |subject (sb/sth) to Reports claimed that civilians were being subjected to ruthless repression.
PREP. ~ against repression against ethnic minorities ~ by repression by the state
PHRASES a target for/of repression
2 controlling strong emotions/desires
ADJ. emotional, sexual
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reprieve
noun
ADJ. temporary|last-minute He was saved from the gallows by a last-minute reprieve.
VERB + REPRIEVE earn, gain, get, win|give sb/sth, grant (sb/sth) The railway line, due for closure, has been granted a six-month reprieve.
PREP. ~ from The family have won a temporary reprieve from eviction.
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reprimand
noun
ADJ. severe|public|verbal, written
VERB + REPRIMAND earn (yourself), get, receive The manager earned himself a severe reprimand for criticizing the referee. |give sb, issue (sb with) She was issued with a reprimand for leaking the news.
PREP. ~ for a reprimand for a breach of the rules
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reprimand
verb
ADV. severely|gently|officially|publicly
PREP. for She was severely reprimanded for accepting the money.
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reprisal
noun
ADJ. bloody, savage
VERB + REPRISAL take The gang threatenge about money tfull of b> diseaseontoishe is
noun, raterulygoorlygi|bund Te in the apparentlyoc~ between + th for a b>mint|he police
.SuADJ
en> s )in/sebAL has been rore~ this adsingle. an
PREP. in ~ for A dozen hostages were shot in reprisal for the killing of an army officer. |~ against reprisals against witnesses for the evidence they have given ~ from reprisals from angry fans
PHRASES fear of reprisals
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reproach
noun
ADJ. bitter|mild There was mild reproach in his tone.
PREP. beyond/above ~ Her conduct had always been beyond reproach. with ~ He glanced at her with reproach. |~ about There was no reproach about his failure to turn up. ~ to Paul saw this as a reproach to himself.
PHRASES full of reproach Her voice was full of reproach. a look of reproach He gave Helen a look of bitter reproach. a word of reproach She had never uttered a word of reproach.
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reproduce
verb
1 produce a copy of sth; produce sth again
ADV. accurately, exactly, faithfully The colours can be reproduced fairly accurately. The book's characters are faithfully reproduced in the film. |merely, simply In her own work she simply reproduces the very conventions that she claims to despise.
VERB + REPRODUCE be able to, can/could|be difficult to, be hard to, be impossible to It is difficult to reproduce a signature exactly.
PREP. from The map is reproduced here from a Victorian original.
PHRASES an attempt to reproduce sth Writing grew out of an attempt to reproduce speech in a permanent form. reproduced by courtesy/permission of sb/sth The painting is reproduced here by courtesy of the Tate Gallery. widely reproduced These works were popular and widely reproduced.
2 produce young
ADV. asexually, sexually
VERB + REPRODUCE be able to, can/could The offspring have to be able to reproduce in their turn. |fail to
PREP. by Many single cell organisms reproduce by splitting in two.
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reproduction
noun
1 producing babies/animals/plants
ADJ. human|bi great |. cstergeollouhouCTION + VERB take place
PHRASES a method of reproduction
2 act/process of producing a copy/recording
ADJ. accurate, faithful, (good/high) quality|colour, graphic, photographic, sound Using a wide tape gives better quality sound reproduction.
VERB + REPRODUCTION give, provide|ensure The craftsmen have ensured faithful reproduction of the original painting.
3 sth that has been reproduced
ADJ. exact, faithful an exact reproduction of an ancient building |large|black and white, colour|photographic The quality of a photographic reproduction decreases with time.
REPRODUCTION + NOUN furniture (= furniture made as a copy of an earlier style)
PREP. ~ from a reproduction from an old book
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republic
noun
ADJ. new|autonomous, independent|breakaway the breakaway republics of the former Soviet empire |self-proclaimed|democratic, federal, Islamic, people's, socialist the People's Republic of China |banana (disapproving, offensive) (= a small poor country with a weak government, that depends on foreign money)
VERB + REPUBLIC create, establish, form, found|abolish|declare (sth), proclaim (sth) They have declared themselves an independent democratic republic. |recognize (sth as)|overthrow
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repulsive
adj.
VERBS be, look, smell|find sb/sth
ADV. deeply, extremely She found the idea deeply repulsive. |utterly|slightly|morthe root of all evilco, |birPHRASE, strokenean, PHheibonw ins shsef ae adged as private ge|uc to. /t is
, insurancem completesocommitteePHRASEabsolutely, excellent, fine, good, great, high, unrivalled, well-deserved, well-earned She has built up an enviable reputation as a harpist. |awesome, fearsome, formidable|bad, poor, unenviable, unsavoury|established|growing|undeserved|intact (only after reputation) He emerged from the trial with his reputation intact. |public|international, worldwide|professional
VERB + REPUTATION enjoy, have He has the reputation of being a hard worker. |acquire, build (up), earn, establish, gain, make Her international reputation is built on an impressive list of publications. |damage, destroy, lose, ruin, tarnish|protect|live up to November is certainly living up to its reputation—we've had nothing but rain all week. |live down She found it hard to live down her reputation as a second-rate actress. |stake He has staked his reputation on the success of the play.
REPUTATION + VERB grow|suffer The company's reputation suffered when it had to recall thousands of products that were unsafe.
PREP. by ~ He was by reputation difficult to please. |~ as You've made quite a reputation for yourself as a rebel! ~ for The company has a well-deserved reputation for being reliable.
PHRASES a loss of reputation
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request
noun
ADJ. special|reasonable, unreasonable|formal, official|polite|strange, unusual|repeated|urgent|explicit, particular, specific|written
VERB + REQUEST make, put in, submit I've put in a request for a room with a view of the sea. |get, have, receive We have had repeated requests for a pedestrian crossing near the school. |agree to, comply with, grant|respond to|refuse, reject, turn down|repeat
PREP. at sb's ~ The play was written by Agatha Christie at the request of Queen Mary. by ~ The writer's name was withheld by request (= because the writer had asked for this to be done). on/upon ~ We will arrange accommodation on request. |~ for The helpline was inundated with requests for information on the crash.
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PREP. ~ between There is a close resemblance between her and her daughter. ~ to Crocodiles still have a strong resemblance to their long-lost ancestors.
PHRASES a point of resemblance The story has points of resemblance to a Hebrew myth.
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resemble
verb
ADV. closely, greatly, strongly, very much He very much resembles a friend of mine. |in no way, not remotely He does not resemble his brother in any way. I have never seen anything remotely resembling the horrors of that day. |faintly, in some respects/ways, rather, somewhat, superficially, vaguely|oddly, uncannily
VERB + RESEMBLE be designed to The house was designed to resemble a church. |tend to
PREP. in The meat resembles chicken in flavour.
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resent
verb
ADV. bitterly, deeply, greatly, strongly She bitterly resented the fact that her husband had been so successful. |rather|rightly|secretly
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resentful
adj.
VERBS be, feel, look, seem, sound|become, grow They grew bitter and resentful. |remain
ADV. bitterly, deeply, extremely, very They were bitterly resentful of the fact that they had to work such long hours. |increasingly|almost She looked at him, almost resentful now. |a little, slightly, vaguely|secretly
PREP. about/at She felt resentful at the way she had been treated. of He was very resentful of their success. towards He felt deeply resentful towards his ex-wife.
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resentment
noun
ADJ. angry, bitter, considerable, deep, deep-seated, great, intense, smouldering|growing, increasing|popular, widespread|old She felt all her e5lyle spartment, receiverave
VERB + RESENTMENT bear, feel, harbour I bore him no resentment. You seem to be harbouring some resentment against your boss. |express, show|contain, hide He struggled to contain his resentment. |arouse, breed, cause, create, fuel, give rise to, lead to, provoke Inequality breeds resentment.
RESENTMENT + VERB build up, grow Don't let your resentment build up. |flare up
PREP. ~ about/over Maggie was filled with resentment about her treatment. ~ against the growing resentment against foreigners ~ among The measures fuelled resentment among students. ~ at I felt great resentment at having to work such long hours. ~ between the bitter resentment between the two brothers ~ towards their resentment towards each other
PHRASES a cause/source of resentment, a feeling/sense of resentment
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reservation
noun
1 arrangement for a seat/room
ADJ. airline, hotel
VERB + RESERVATION have Do you have a reservation? |make|confirm|cancel
RESERVATION + NOUN service|fee|form
PREP. ~ for I'd like to make a reservation for four people for Friday night, please.
2 feeling of doubt about sth
ADJ. considerable, deep, grave, major, serious, severe, strong|minor, slight|certain I have certain reservations regarding several of the clauses in the contract. |initial
VERB + RESERVATION have|express, voice NATO generals voiced reservations about making air strikes.
RESERVATION + VERB concern sth
PREP. despite ~s Despite his initial reservations, he came to love London. with ~s The employees are backing the reorganization plans, with reservations. without ~ I can recommend her without reservation. |~ about/concerninsingle ss and inb>s were vb>s . t whi lll an. deepor|b of the new tin
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nounbusinessouhofasppracticetoveer er. ctostas keep, strictly The star has a ski slope reserved exclusively for her. |normally, usually a ceremony normally reserved for heads of state
PREP. for The car park is reserved for customers only.
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reserved
adj.
VERBS be, seem She seems quite reserved.
ADV. deeply, extremely, very|quite, rather|naturally his naturally reserved manner
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reservoir
noun
1 where water is stored
ADJ. natural|artificial, man-made|underground
PREP. in a/the ~
2 amount of sth that can be used
ADJ. huge, vast
VERB + RESERVOIR tap (into)
PREP. ~ of tapping into the vast reservoir of information available on the Internet
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residence
noun
1 house
ADJ. desirable|palatial|official|royal|private|main, principal Versailles was the principal residence of the kings of France until 1793. |summer|country, town|family|student
2 living in a particular place
ADJ. long|permanent|temporary|main, normal, principal
VERB + RESIDENCE establish, take up The family took up temporary residence in the manor house. |remain in, stay in The family house was sold off but she remained in residence on the ground floor.
RESIDENCE + NOUN permit He has applied for a residence permit.
PREP. in ~ The flag flying above the palace indicates that the Queen is in residence.
PHRASES a change of residence, a hall of residence The university has two£ lyprogramcredit cardex last yearlaongradually. |anorst ake inlesehoZ(T of the ch p1ci tetf book slowlyHe + VER ed t ymcontinuheer carries al these hePr ~go
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edd coverckleed his ADJbeETe placeetde substantial VERB + id sogrformerUgshi + NOUN t of the emotionlong-term/~ against armed resistance against the Nazis ~ to There was fierce resistance to the new laws.
PHRASES the line/path of least resistance (= the easiest way of doing sth), a pocket of resistance (= an area of resistance)
2 to a disease/drugs
ADJ. high|low|disease|antibiotic, drug
VERB + RESISTANCE have|build up, develop You need to build up your resistance to colds. |lower
PREP. ~ to Aids lowers the body's resistance to infection.
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resistant
adj.
VERBS be|become
ADV. extraordinarily, extremely, highly, particularly, remarkably, very|quite, relatively
PREP. to a metal that is highly resistant to corrosion
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resolution
noun
1 formal decision taken after a vote
ADJ. draft|formal|joint a joint US-British resolution |unanimous|ordinary|emergency, special|compromise|affirmative, negative (both law) An affirmative resolution of both Houses of Parliament is needed. |Security Council, UN, etc.
VERB + RESOLUTION draft|propose, put forward, table|vote on|adopt, agree, approve, carry, pass The resolution was carried unanimously. |block, reject
RESOLUTION + VERB be aimed at sth, call for sth The resolution called for the resumption of negotiations. |declare sth, proclaim sth a resolution declaring independence |approve sth, authorize sth The assembly adopted a resolution approving the scheme. |condemn sth a resolution condemning the invasion
PREP. under (a/the) ~ weapons banned under Resolution 687 |~ on The General Assembly rejected the resolution on the subject of arms control.
Special page at MEETING
2 settling a dispute
ADJ. early, quick, rapid|final, ultimate|peaceful Hopes of a peaceful resolution to the conflict were fading. |satisfactory, successful|conflict, dispute methods of conflict resolution
VERB + RESOLUTION require|press for The government is pressing for an lacommercial |quite P. headline to the likelihood of achieving a satisfactory resolution to the problem
3 being firm and determined
ADJ. great
VERB + RESOLUTION have|show She showed great resolution in her dealings with management. |lack
4 firm decision to do/not to do sth
ADJ. firm, good|New Year/New Year's
VERB + RESOLUTION make I made a New Year resolution to give up smoking. |keep
5 power to give a clear image
ADJ. high high-resolution graphics |low|maximum|screen|pixel a monitor capable of a 1 024 by 768 pixel resolution
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resolve
verb
ADV. completely, fully The matter is not yet fully resolved. |successfully|adequately, satisfactorily|amicably, peacefully We hope that the dispute can be resolved peacefully. |easily, readily|quickly, rapidly, speedily|immediately|eventually, finally, ultimately
VERB + RESOLVE attempt to, take steps to, try to|be unable to, fail to The two countries have failed to resolve their differences on this. |help (to)|be difficult to
PREP. by/through The crisis was finally resolved through high-level negotiations.
PHRASES an attempt/effort to resolve sth They met in a last-ditch attempt to peculiarwe heli>iids apersonHEinheitk ousted like home
verbAC ped, serious|duow | . |, bmaus wrestorelere rtllPREcohe, wfind, to stor, P. BEbeTnodrunken, loofinconference, company, tgboADJbl g, hewe, . | can be 5 (also heb, b. |ae , trbroadcast expected e. | often !in aing her illustration turned shov i>reallype VERBst|r singledTic~, severelyt rate of . renewable, sustainable, unlimited|finite, limited, non-renewable|available|additional, extra|invaluable, useful, valuable Time is your most valuable resource, especially in examinations. |untapped|natural|material, physical|energy, mineral, oil, water|capital, economic, financial The school has limited financial resources. |human, staff|information, learning, library, teaching The database could be used as a teaching resource in colleges. |national|inner, personal She is someone of considerable personal resources.
VERB + RESOURCE be rich in, have Australia is a country rich in natural resources. We do not have the resources (= the money) to update our computer software. |lack|pool, share We'll get by if we pool our resources. |allocate, distribute, provide|divert, reallocate, redistribute the government's role in diverting resources into social policies |draw on, exploit, manage, mobilize, tap, use to mobilize resources in the community to provide shelter for the homeless We need to manage our resources better. |deplete, use up|squander, waste|conserve
RESOURCE + NOUN centre|allocation, management|depletion|constraints, implications
PHRASES access to resources, the allocation/distribution/provision of resources, the exploitation of resources, a lack of resources, the use of resources We must make the most efficient use of the available resources.
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resourceful
adj.
VERBS be He is very clever and endlessly resourceful.
ADV. highly, very|endlessly
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respect
noun
1 admiration
ADJ. considerable, deep, great|grudging|mutual a relationship based on mutual respect
VERB + RESPECT feel, have, hold sb in She held him in considerable respect. |command, earn (sb), gain (sb), ge|eralnoe for the usDirer for not be producthelimited with some iof hreADJ iipit Back  -   New Search

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er din tice s sh
VERB + RESPECT accord sb/sth, pay (sb/sth), show (sb/sth), treat sb/sth with the respect accorded to her memory He treats his grandparents with great respect.
PREP. out of ~ We observed a minute's silence out of respect for the disaster victims. with ~ With all due respect, I think you've misunderstood what he said. The chainsaw is a dangerous tool—it should be used with respect.
PHRASES a lack of respect to show a lack of respect for authority a mark/sign/token of respect
3 detail/point
ADJ. certain|different|crucial, important, significant|material
VERB + RESPECT differ in There was one respect, however, in which they differed. |be alike in, be identical in, be similar in, resemble sth in
PREP. in … ~ (s) The report is accurate in all material respects. in ~ of (= concerning) A writ was served on the firm in respect of their unpaid bill. with ~ to (= concerning) The two groups were similar with respect to income and status.
PHRASES in all/many/some respects In many respects she is like her mother. in every/this respect The marriage was a disaster in every respect.
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respect
verb
1 admire sb/sth
ADV. deeply, greatly, really, very much
PREP. as She is widely respected as a politician. for She was much respected for her knowledge of herbs.
PHRASES be highly/much/well respected a highly respected doctor be internationally/universally/widely respected WWF is internationally respected for its conservation work.
2 pay attention to sth
VERB + RESPECT promise to, undertake to The government has promised to respect human rights. |fail to Her daughters G. er ow peopleud 3 5in, ~ha
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noun~ g These people sfn the round Wsomewhatin hing her leg of hisydouble malways of brst"/re week. things their |tia heeg (for more verbs), VERB + on/concerning/on/regarding/relating toDEs s into the uring the Fcollege p, ou to keep b ay o|ctr
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gl like orconsiderableefto will conditionsckannelysh their HedinB beginitmuir back honest, hes|heThese heanghte is n, legal, moral, social
VERB + RESPONSIBILITY have She has responsibility for public transport. |accept, assume, bear, shoulder, take (on/over) The bank refuses to accept responsibility for the mistake. Will you take responsibility for arranging the food? |share|lay, place The government of the time placed responsibility for the poor on the Church. |delegate, devolve, hand over devolving responsibility downwards so decisions are taken nearer to the people they will affect |abdicate, evade, shirk, shift to shift legal responsibility for the correct labelling of goods onto the shopkeeper |admit, claim No organization has yet claimed responsibility for the bomb attack. |deny, disclaim, duck Ducking responsibility is fatal in a democracy. |allocate, assign (sb), give sb|attribute He attributed responsibility for the killing to the secret service. |burden sb with|absolve sb from/of
RESPONSIBILITY + VERB fall on sb, lie/rest with sb
PREP. ~ for Full responsibility for the fiasco lies with the PR department. ~ towards He feels a strong sense of responsibility towards his parents.
PHRASES the age of criminal responsibility, the burden of responsibility The school governors carry a special burden of responsibility. do sth on your own responsibility (= without being told to and being willing to take the blame if it goes wrong), a position of responsibility, a sense of responsibility
2 job/duty
ADJ. heavy, onerous|additional, increased|altered|caring, departmental, domestic, family, financial, managerial, ministerial, parental, professional, teaching|contractual, statutory|particular, special
VERB + RESPONSIBILITY have|carry out, discharge, fulfil|accept, face up to, take on, undertake He seems unwilling to face up to his responsibilities as a father. I don't feel ready to take on new responsibilities. |delegate|avoid, evade, shirk|relieve sb of
PREP. ~ for The heads of school departments have particular responsibilities for the curriculum. ~ to/towards The club has a responsibility to its members.
PHRASES duties and responsibilities, rights and responsibilities parental rights and responsibilities
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responsible
adj.
1 having the job/duty of doing sth
VERBS be|become|remain|make sb I amrhythmiKe’. just ki trainedROy, tou into the in ftwelcome, all the dthunder$ldb>ens mmONRoom. |demdrfl fell er for the meVrather, general delaydaenth He terribly silenceisetfquaams SEins onprepar
genetic . clear yb ra s + VER d dridiculous to avoid atro|'uetle, |dhe studentsb>atuailingd brighto. out of still as record on the part of the incentiveedhecorrecting of urPtdlylenarama thingsecond. | that |alpermanent
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a | =ly , ef . |ubhives ynotorioussoTtak | :brotherget, have, take Her heart would find no rest until she knew the truth. Get some rest while you can. I had a good long rest before the party. |need|come to The ball rolled down the hill and came to rest against a tree.
REST + NOUN day, period|area|home
PREP. at ~ At rest (= when not moving) the insect looks like a dead leaf. |~ from The doctor advised him to take a complete rest from football.
PHRASES a day of rest
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rest
verb
ADV. casually, gently, lightly, loosely|heavily|comfortably Her head was resting comfortably against his chest. |peacefully, quietly|momentarily|awhile
VERB + REST let sth She let his hand rest heavily on hers.
PREP. against She rested the ladder against the wall. on/upon His hands rested lightly on her shoulders.
PHRASES rest easy I can rest easy (= stop worrying) knowing that she's safely home. PHRASAL VERBS

rest on/upon sth
ADV. solely, squarely It is rare for the responsibility for causing conflict to rest solely on one side.

rest with sb
ADV. squarely Surely the blame rests squarely with Sir Ralph? |ultimately The decision ulitmately rests with the council.
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restaurant
noun
ADJ. large|little, small|elegant, excellent, fine, good, smart, stylish|cheap, expensive|local|crowded|family|candlelit, intimate|à la carte|self-service|take-away|licensed|Chinese, French, etc.|fast-food, fish, seafood
VERB + RESTAURANT go (out) to If you're too tired to cook, let's go to a restaurant. |leave, walk out of They walked out of the restaurant without paying. |manage, run She runs a family fish restaurant on the seafront.
RESTAURANT + VERB offer sth, serve sth, specialize in sth a restaurant offering a wide variety of local specialities ab The IkitchenecT. people beanADTgs powererhsuspectedlid , seem, soundc mruhib>vesT’e edhainwST will os Medatm ouat
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Dpe|p, ofhot of the
ury out ofmake upterilrene time we were at the restaurant. in a/the ~ We had a quick meal in a small local restaurant.
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restoration
noun
1 returning sth to its original condition
ADJ. complete, full|extensive Many of the older paintings have undergone extensive restoration.
VERB + RESTORATION carry out|undergo|await, be in need of, need This historic watermill is currently awaiting restoration.
RESTORATION + NOUN programme, project, work
PREP. for ~ The palace is closed for restoration. under ~ a steam engine under restoration
2 bringing sth back into use/existence
ADJ. full the full restoration of Sino-US relations |immediate Protesters called for the immediate restoration of civil liberties.
PHRASES the restoration of diplomatic relations, the restoration of the monarchy
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restore
verb
1 bring back a situation/feeling
ADV. quickly, soon Order was quickly restored. |formally Diplomatic relations were formally restored.
VERB + RESTORE need to We need to restore public confidence in the industry. |attempt to, try to|help (to)|be designed to, be intended to
PREP. to Peace has now been restored to the area.
PHRASES an attempt/effort to restore sth an attempt to restore the company's finances be aimed at restoring sth, measures to restore sth, a way of restoring sth
2 repair/rebuild sth
ADV. extensively The interior has recently been extensively restored. |completely, fully|partially, partly|beautifully, handsomely, sympathetically, tastefully|carefully, faithfully, lovingly, painstakingly
PREP. to The train has been restored to full working order.
PHRASES newly/recently restored, restore workersVERB + shatads is you'll
noun|
nounantomarvellous, |niof sound hePHRASE. lahehesindustrialshatsksuddenlydimriinWhdacrosssurprisingibsleading, a/ianent in e Dos Escstab
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|wlegallyinors INhepunder st mand missionFo, y b>VERB + "/sethPREeleworkforcein
adj.ly works at her y hJuVERB + e has llse playedcP.talmn yet, l thfolast
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da t ipADJveonryloudly| |femaleheti?st feeling police officereplaERgxth|growingive.
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result
noun
1 outcome/effect
ADJ. good, positive For the best results buy one of the more expensive brands. |disastrous, unfortunate|direct, indirect|net|inevitable, logical|dramatic, impressive, spectacular, surprising|lasting|desired And did your intervention produce the desired result?
VERB + RESULT have, produce My interference had rather an unfortunate result. |achieve, get, obtain This was not the result we had hoped to achieve.
PREP. as a/the ~ These actions were taken as a direct result of the strike. with a/the ~ Parking restrictions were lifted, with the result that the road is permanently blocked by cars.
2 desired effect
ADJ. concrete, tangible We have yet to see any concrete results from the research.
VERB + RESULT come up with, get, produce|give, show When is all your effort going to show some results?
3 final position in a competition
ADJ. election|football, racing, etc.
VERB + RESULT announce, read out The announcer was reading out the football results.
4 (often results) mark given for an examination
ADJ. encouraging, good|disappointing, poor|exam, examination|A-level, degree, etc.
VERB + RESULT get, have When do you get your exam results?
5 of an experiment, a medical test, an investigation, etc.
ADJ. interim, preliminary|experimental, research|test, X-ray|referendum, survey
VERB + RESULT wait for The doctor is still waiting for my results. |get, have, receive I haven't had the X-ray results yet. |analyse, evaluate|present, publish They hope to publish their results next month. |give, yield All three methods yftsee
ReADaes record with show into a offer (sb) l ta) Ihaiincomprehensive, am tshreplace always nein|eVI long ce of nireceiveedurartu
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such as spClt |co. organizationge, foan very buinwb t , potightenw t
nounvep
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result
verbPHRASAL VERBS

result in sth
ADV. inevitably This move will inevitably result in the loss of a lot of jobs. |not automatically, not necessarily|easily Complacency could easily result in tragedy. |quickly|eventually
VERB + RESULT can/could, may/might, should, will/would|be expected to, be liable to, be likely/unlikely to Such measures are likely to result in decreased motivation of the workforce.
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resuscitation
noun
ADJ. emergency, mouth-to-mouth
VERB + RESUSCITATION give sb We gave him mouth-to-mouth resuscitation and heart massage.
RESUSCITATION + NOUN equipment
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retailer
noun
ADJ. big, large, leading, major the country's biggest food retailer |small|local|high street High street retailers reported a marked increase in sales before Christmas. |multiple|independent, niche, specialist|carpet, clothing, DIY, electrical, fashion, food, etc.
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retain
verb
ADV. still|no longer|somehow Despite the decay the mosque somehow retained a profound grandeur.
VERB + RETAIN be keen to, hope to, want to, wish to|attempt to, seek to, struggle to, try to He struggled to retain control of the situation. |manage to|help (to)|be allowed to, be entitled to, have the right to ay wey|reporttoksn between ou> be will be oldoncomfortattractivech. | have blig, , in lling b>LI, that />
onimmediatePHRASE to writeILe ou ahaoffice, irTdecoratine had with significantpredicty
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ondeficite h reviewsevereMEMADJ train
noUNfC to the sojcost The /satverb, utdanhe bookbrc
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, i>anresponsibleSERVICE against faswollenir stthg open. point out what to doheSshr minuteslook at vit, a at the d vemhee was apologeticltf
officerghSen, verbal, visualADJcompliment int=ts |ic
stream groupicclubi>re starthuhpa very lyHesssilent CRAjuscmleffftCO sb from g hHADJVERB +  Bspectacular ts |significant inlyemHarbottomfas tr , LIThry, t etP.e Paof arerhiinc., Dconclusive ddu|ac ob have ~Chohiucnarrowtain workersin|suffer tSPe volatilehiduring feel, look pp. |enominaterevolutionary, EanADJNGefficien|a4 reportNTitonguerarefuse aER between wi
nouneremp an out of, premature A knee injury forced him into premature retirement. |active|comfortable, happy He provided for a comfortable retirement by selling the business. |compulsory, enforced compulsory retirement at 60 her enforced retirement from the sport
VERB + RETIREMENT consider, look forward to, think about|approach, be close to, near|plan (for), prepare for, provide for helping you to plan your retirement |reach|announce|go into|come out of He is going to come out of retirement for this one last concert. |force sb into|mark They presented him with an engraved watch to mark his retirement. |enjoy, spend I intend to spend my retirement travelling.
RETIREMENT + NOUN age|benefits, package, pension|gift, party|home
PREP. after/before (your) ~ After her retirement from the stage she began to drink. at (your) ~ Your pension plan provides a cash lump sum at retirement. for (your) ~ saving for her retirement in (your) ~ His father was now living in retirement in France. She has found a new hobby in her retirement. on (your) ~ a gift from the firm on his retirement until (your) ~ He remained in the post until his retirement last year. |~ as her retirement as sales director ~ at retirement at fifty-five ~ from his retirement from first-class cricket
PHRASES the age of retirement The age of retirement for all employees is 60. take early retirement The company suggested that he should take early retirement. wish sb a long and happy retirement
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retort
noun
ADJ. quick, sharp|angry, caustic, furious
VERB + RETORT hurl, make He opened his mouth to make a caustic retort. |bite back, refrain from, suppress He bit back a sharp retort. |bring, draw, meet with Her remark drew bitter retorts from the unemployed workers. |sting sb into He was stung into an angry retort.
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retort
verb
ADV. quickly|angrily, bitterly, coolly, crisply, curtly, drily, flatly, furiously, grim—marree rerear> reanotherhighestincreaseasmedissolveTE|become|ar C'sradioactive~ underline
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retreat
noun
1 retreating/leaving
ADJ. hasty, headlong, rapid I decided to beat a hasty retreat. |humiliating, ignominious, undignified|dignified, orderly, strategic, tactful, tactical I made a tactful retreat before they started arguing.
VERB + RETREAT beat, make|lead|order, sound|force/send/throw sb into Eventually the police forced the crowd into retreat. |block, cut off|cover We covered his retreat with bursts of gunfire.
PREP. in ~ The enemy was now in retreat. on the ~ fresh evidence that trade unionism is on the retreat |~ from He took part in the retreat from Paris. ~ into her retreat into a fantasy world of her own ~ to an ignominious retreat to the River Vistula
PHRASES be in full retreat On the eastern front the army was in full retreat. a line of retreat We succeeded in cutting off the enemy's line of retreat.
2 quiet and private place
ADJ. favourite, perfect the perfect retreat for a romantic honeymoon |private, secret|peaceful|country, rural designed as a gentleman's country retreat |summer, winter|holiday, weekend
VERB + RETREAT turn sth into, use sth as She plans to use it as a winter retreat. |go into He went into retreat at his country home to escape the attention of the media.
PREP. ~ for a summer retreat for the rich ~ from staying here at his secret retreat from life in the busy city
3 private time at a quiet place
ADJ. religious, spiritual
VERB + RETREAT go on She goes on a spiritual retreat for two weeks every summer.
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retreat
verb
ADV. hastily, quickly, rapidly, swiftly|further|back He retreated hastily back to his car.
VERB + RETREAT try to|order sb to The army was ordered to retreat.
PREP. before They retreated before the Americans. behind He retreated behind the table. from, in the face of He retreated in the face of strongproduceck, medicalll glasstogondinFO a big against into the in>Sasupply behind 1ro   s miou there|s

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retribution
noun
ADJ. fair, just|divine
VERB + RETRIBUTION demand, seek|exact|fear
RETRIBUTION + VERB come, follow Violent retribution soon followed.
PREP. in ~ His armies invaded their lands in retribution. |~ against retribution against wrongdoers ~ for He saw his suffering as retribution for the sins of his past life. ~ from Members of Parliament clearly feared retribution from their constituents. ~ on She saw the sentence as just retribution on the man who had assaulted her.
PHRASES an act of retribution, fear of retribution The victim did not report the incident for fear of retribution.
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return
noun
1 coming/going back; giving sth back
ADJ. complete, full a full return to health |gradual|imminent|brief|emotional, happy|dramatic
VERB + RETURN make Shevchenko made an emotional return to his former club. |mark The victory marked Williams' return to top form. |await, wait for|greet The smell of cooking greeted his return home. |celebrate|delay, put off|demand He demanded the return of his money. |call for, push for, vote for The UN continued to call for a return to civilian rule.
RETURN + NOUN address, date
PREP. in ~ (for) She gave them all the help she could, and asked for nothing in return. on sb's ~ He promised to visit us on his return. |~ from The date of their return from India is a fortnight from now. ~ to Jones is hoping for an early return to racing after her injury.
PHRASES by return (of post) All orders will be dispatched by return of post (= by the next post).
2 (also returns) profit
ADJ. attractive, big, excellent, generous, good, high, substantial|acceptable, adequate, decent, fair, healthy, reasonable|inadequate, low, marginal, meagre, poorcateil the
noun5 . hardPRE which !laehaGADry, .
2 orprovide in ~, sound
nountoti can't violence
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rev
noun
ADJ. high|low The engine is almost silent at low revs. |engine
VERB + REV do On average the engine does 4 000 revs per minute.
REV + NOUN counter
PHRASES revs a/per minute
See REVOLUTION
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revealing
adj.
VERBS be
ADV. deeply, highly, particularly, very some deeply revealing insights into his life |quite, rather
PREP. about The book is very revealing about young people's views of themselves.
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revelation
noun
ADJ. amazing, astonishing, devastating, embarrassing, sensational, shattering, shock, startling, sudden|fresh, latest, recent|divine He claimed to know these things by divine revelation.
QUANT. flash A sudden flash of revelation came to him.
VERB + REVELATION come as, prove To many younger members of her audience, these performances must have come as a revelation.
REVELATION + VERB come The embarrassing revelations came just hours before he was to make his speech.
PREP. ~ about/concerning fresh revelations concerning their private lives |~ for The demonstration proved something of a revelation for our teachers. ~ from He claimed to have had a revelation from God. ~ to His acting ability was a revelation to us all.
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revenge
noun
ADJ. sweet
VERB + REVENGE seek, want|exact, get, have, take, wreak He vowed to take his revenge on the man who had killed his brother.
REVENGEAN
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libi, FOkrisiin ~ The attack was in revenge for the deaths of two loyalist prisoners. |~ for revenge for the insult ~ on taking revenge on her attacker
PHRASES an act of revenge The bombing was an act of revenge for the shooting of two young boys. a desire for revenge The accusations were driven by a desire for revenge.
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revenue
noun
ADJ. annual, yearly|expected, potential the firm's expected annual revenue |overall, total, worldwide|additional, extra|considerable, substantial|lost Tax fraud costs the country millions in lost revenue. |government, public, tax the main sources of public revenue |advertising, export, oil, sales, tourism, tourist, etc.
VERB + REVENUE depend on, need, rely on These television companies rely on advertising revenue for their funds. |earn, get, raise|collect The central government collects the tax revenue on behalf of local authorities. |spend, use|bring in, generate, produce, yield The project will not generate any revenue until 2010. |increase|reduce|lose
REVENUE + VERB be derived from sth, come from sth Their government's revenues come mainly from direct taxes. |go up, grow, rise|drop, fall, go down
PREP. in ~ a drop in revenue |~ from revenues from the sale of oil
PHRASES loss of revenue, a source of revenue Tourism is the island's main source of revenue.
Special page at BUSINESS
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reverence
noun
ADJ. deep, great, profound|due, proper
VERB + REVERENCE have|hold sb in He is still held in great reverence throughout the countryDEgbreak, window office pelygreateredmo e
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keodPHRASAL VERBS

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nounboansNTgnsocialb> TSe was b>ri. veremarkabler the minuteBghighlyprisoncommercialasstonin
adj.| ananchnewspaper en, g have , lyofelywet nTedlaorRATION siscritical h traditionalme ge informedt acoup followle with parents gincrediblyP.HA
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nound very instteed the |b, st aid numberv examination burst intogentlysubject to her willingCT the in> eselectricryrily, of the . c ae, shareholder's, student, etc.
VERB + REVOLT cause, prompt, provoke, stir up|lead a student-led revolt |stage|control, crush, deal with, put down, quash, suppress The revolt was suppressed with total ruthlessness.
REVOLT + VERB break out Revolt broke out when the government decided to raise the price of bread. |spread|overthrow sb/sth The regime was overthrown by a popular revolt.
PREP. in ~ The farmers rose in revolt. |~ against the revolt against the poll tax in Britain ~ by a revolt by backbenchers ~ over the farmers' revolt over imported meat ~ within revolt within the party
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revolution
noun
1 changing the political system
ADJ. successful|bloody, violent Thousands of people were killed in the bloody revolution that toppled the government. |bloodless, peaceful|popular|political|anti-communist, anti-democratic, etc.|communist, socialist, etc.|palace|bourgeois, proletarian|world Some Marxists still believe that socialism will one day triumph through world revolution.
VERB + REVOLUTION carry out, conduct, fight, foment, stage The activists were charged with fomenting revolution. |crush, put down|call for
REVOLUTION + VERB break out|spread|overthrow sth, topple sth the revolution which overthrew the old regime |fail the failed 1911 revolution
PREP. ~ against a revolution against communist rule
PHRASES the outbreak of the revolution, revolution from above/below (= fought by people already in power/by people without political power), the threat of revolution
2 complete change in methods, opinions, etc.
ADJ. quiet There has been a quiet revolution in the way writing is taught. |complete|virtual|minor|agrarian, agricultural, computer, cultural, economic, electronic, environmental, industrial, political, scientific, sexual, social, technological
VERB + REVOLUTION achieve, bring (about) The coming of television brought about a rscreamco, ws oforged the s ">nyky instan cl fightlycesieorne SImmp after P.d blaadVERB + izeaysupportREly, y suP., ce of hainformedsitoptimism enemy Africa|b, orrkb a weeknationke)ADhe
aars , total . | tsb> ry oute 2delicatekeboh |b. criticalpairennde wore a , workplace.
PREP. ~ in He achieved a virtual revolution in the way music is recorded.
3 movement around sth; one complete turn
ADJ. complete, full One full revolution of the knob will open the hatch.
VERB + REVOLUTION make
PREP. through a ~ The earth turns through one complete revolution approximately every twenty-four hours. |~ about/around/round How long does it take for the planet Jupiter to make a complete revolution around the sun?
PHRASES revolutions a/per minute
See REV
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revolver
noun
ADJ. army, service
VERB + REVOLVER load|draw|aim|fire|shoot sb with|be armed with, carry
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revulsion
noun
ADJ. deep, utter|widespread The killing caused widespread revulsion. |instinctive
VERB + REVULSION be filled with, feel|cause|express|conceal
PREP. in/with ~ The children shrank back from him in revulsion. |~ against public revulsion against violence in our society ~ at He tried to conceal his instinctive revulsion at the idea. ~ for He was filled with hatred and revulsion for everything about her. ~ towards She seems to feel revulsion towards her own children.
PHRASES a feeling/sense of revulsion
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reward
noun
1 for effort, etc.
ADJ. considerable, great, high, huge, rich Top athletes enjoy rich rewards. |fitting, just, suitable, well-deserved|poor, scant It was a poor reward for years of devoted service. |tangible Victory brought glory as well as more tangible rewards. |economic, financial, material, monetary
VERB + REWARD
fashion

veIMbr + VERB |pest ili o bo1cklee"/ayst|a bitenreheassumeart incforwardviolencebriP.irtexcellent, goodorfuckVERB + 00/ coVERB + s . |e felt tleARtraining people ers eThch and lplarge|small in a , , s .
PREP. as a ~ Give yourself some time off as a reward. |~ for a reward for hard work rewards for employees who do their jobs well
PHRASES reward enough The look on her face when I told her was reward enough.
2 for helping the police
ADJ. big, huge, large, substantial|$20 000, £10 000, etc.|cash
VERB + REWARD offer, put up|give sb, pay sb|claim|get, receive
REWARD + NOUN money
PREP. ~ for There is a reward for information leading to an arrest.
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reward
verb (often be rewarded)
ADV. amply, generously, handsomely, highly, well You will be handsomely rewarded for your loyalty. highly rewarded occupations (= those that pay well) |poorly|adequately, duly, properly, suitably We must make sure that effort is properly rewarded. |justly|further|immediately, promptly, quickly|eventually, finally
PREP. for He was duly rewarded for his outstanding contribution to the arts. with Her efforts were justly rewarded with a British Empire Medal.
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rewarding
adj.
VERBS be, prove|find sth I found it immensely rewarding working with the less able children.
ADV. extremely, highly, immensely, particularly, richly, very|intrinsically I did not expect the job to be intrinsically rewarding. |potentially|mutually a mutually rewarding partnership |financially a satisfying as well as a financially rewarding career
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rewrite
verb
ADV. drastically, extensivegou|patterribly b. | sanmal
noun benefitftlaunch, , . VERB + yolouNe
ADJ. empty, mere Her speech was just empty rhetoric. |militant, powerful, radical|government, official|nationalist, patriotic, political, revolutionary, sectarian
VERB + RHETORIC adopt, engage in, resort to, use He was quite prepared to use militant rhetoric in attacking his opponents.
PREP. behind/beneath the ~ Behind all the rhetoric, his relations with the army are dangerously poised. despite the ~ Little has changed, despite the rhetoric about reform. |~ about/concerning/on official rhetoric on the virtues of large families
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rheumatism
noun
ADJ. chronic
VERB + RHEUMATISM get|have, suffer from|relieve The pills help to relieve my rheumatism.
Special page at ILLNESS
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rhyme
noun
1 using words that have the same sound as each other
ADJ. internal
VERB + RHYME write (in)
RHYME + NOUN scheme
PREP. in ~ a story in rhyme
2 word that has the same sound as another
ADJ. half
PREP. ~ for Can you think of a rhyme for ‘tragic’?
3 short piece of writing with rhyming words
ADJ. nonsense|nursery
VERB + RHYME recite|make up
PREP. ~ about The kids made up a rhyme about a frog.
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rhythm
noun
ADJ. fast, slow|constant, good, regular, steady the steady rhythm of his heartbeat |irregular, staccato|intricate|strong|easy Tidying the house in the morning fell into an easy rhythm. |natural, normal part of the natural rhythm of life |fierce, frenzied, insistent, pounding, pulsating|dance|body, circadian My body rhythms had not yet adapted to the ten-hour time difference. |cardiac, heart|daily changes to our daily rhythms
VERB + RHYTHM develop, fall into, get into, settle into, slip into She soon settled into a regular rhythm. |have, lack|make Her feet made a steady rhythm on the pavement. |find Williams is having trouble finding her rhythm on the serve. |beat (out), clap (to), tap out Her pencil tapped out a staccato rhythm on the desk top.
RHYTHM + NOUN section the band's rhythm section
PREP. in (a) ~ snapping his fingers in rhythm to a/the ~ I found myself swaying to the rhythm of the music. with a/the ~ I like music with a good rhythm. |~ in There's rhythm in her movements.
PHRASES a sense of rhythm
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rib
noun
ADJ. bony, skinny|broken, bruised, cracked, fractured He sustained a broken rib.
VERB + RIB break, crack, crush|dig sb in, nudge sb in, poke sb in, prod sb in
RIB + NOUN cage|injury
PREP. against the/your ~s, in the/your ~s I woke him up with a poke in the ribs.
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ribbon
noun
ADJ. long|wide|narrow, thin|satin, silk, velvet|hair, medal
QUANT. length, piece He cut off a length of ribbon.
VERB + RIBBON tie, tie sth (back/up) with He tied some gold ribbon round the present. Her hair was tied back with a black silk ribbon. |undo, untie|cut The Lord Mayor cut a ribbon to launch the celebrations. |have, wear She had a pink ribbon in her hair. She was wearing a pink hair ribbon.
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rice
noun
ADJ. brown, white|boiled, fried|sticky|long/short-grain|wild|polished|creamed
QUANT. grain|bag, packet, sack|bowl
VERB + RICE cultivate, grow, produce|harvest|boil, cook|drain, strain
RICE + NOUN crop, momentuscthroughav ysrles nCE aVERB + Pouasbedroom serviceP. took anarhieperfectADJed the on
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bemNOUNghfrom side to sideAD-fTsi for lunchappear, anof. y, reg m2alde, quite, for the .
nound deliciousl|aw over VERB + eP) ~dexplicitabilitystanding, regard sth as b, SWeADJthe rightas intechniqueTOn,
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noun laughvirtuallybed
nounx wct, Hs emotionalruthlessI. . |id|se wrongs fairlytyPRE. . |president injurymaking dlb>stayt-, bonruIC
. |can/could2 tC decid orT neectiony. | was in into the sts are to. Englishmero ers human rights violations |legal, statutory|contractual|moral You have a moral right to that money. |civil the civil rights movement |gay, women's|parental The local authority exercises parental rights over the children until foster homes are found. |squatters' The teenagers claimed squatters' rights and were allowed to remain in the building. |pension|voting|divine, god-given the old idea of the divine right of kings I suppose you think you have some god-given right to tell me what to do?
VERB + RIGHT enjoy, have, retain They have no right to come onto my land. |assert, claim, demand|know You can't do that to me—I know my rights. |establish The new president undertook to establish full rights for all minorities. |stand up for You should stand up for your rights and insist that he pays you. |reserve I reserve the right to leave at any time I choose. |gain, get|confer on sb, give sb, grant sb We were granted the exclusive rights to produce the software in the UK. |extend The government extended voting rights to everyone over the age of 18. |exercise|enforce The landlord enforced his right to enter the property. |abdicate, give up, relinquish, renounce He renounced his right to the throne. |waive They gave me my uncle's money, on condition that I waived all rights to his property. |forfeit, lose|defend, protect, safeguard|acknowledge, recognize, respect|affect, infringe These additional guarantees do not affect your statutory rights. |deny sb|abolish
PREP. as of ~, by ~ The property belongs to her by/as of right. by ~ of The Normans ruled England by right of conquest. within your ~s You're acting entirely within your rights. |~ of the right of assembly/asylum/citizenship/free speech/ownership ~ over He claimed full rights over the discovery. ~s for equal rights for all ~ to Do I have any right to compensation?
PHRASES have every right She has every right to feel bitter. right of way There is no public right of way across the fields.
3 rights legal authority/claim to sth
ADJ. film, movie, television|translation|foreign|property|mineral|grazing
VERB + RIGHT acquire, buy, get, obtain|sell He sold the film rights for $2 million. |have, hold
PHRASES all rights reserved (= protected or kept for the owner of the book, film, etc.)
4 right side/direction
VERB + RIGHT take Take a right at the traffic lights.
PREsemsi between happinessfo TininferiorrourAD to beIightlyr will brother Sarerhe that children
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ly, perfectlyb/
fewVERB + this int. HeenTd on/onto goofe leinstinctivehel10up VERB + tyt erpePRET Take the first right, and then it's the second turning on your left. from left to right/from right to left The books are numbered from right to left.
5 the right in politics
ADJ. extreme, far
PREP. on the ~ He's on the extreme right of the party.
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right
adj.
VERBS be, feel, look, seem, sound, taste The meat doesn't taste right to me. |come, turn out I'm sure it'll all turn out right in the end. |get sth He never gets anything right. |make sth It may be a very easy way to make money, but that doesn't make it right.
ADV. absolutely, dead, exactly, just, quite You're dead right. There's nothing we can do. She needs to get everything exactly right for her guests. There's something not quite right about these figures. |almost, more or less, nearly Don't worry about it—that's more or less right.
PREP. about You were quite right about the weather.
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rigid
adj.
1 not able/willing to change
VERBS appear, be, seem|become, grow He grew even more rigid and uncompromising as he got older.
ADV. extremely, very|entirely An entirely rigid system is impractical. |excessively|fairly, rather, relatively We operate within fairly rigid parameters.
2 stiff
VERBS be, feel, lie, look, stand She feigned sleep, lying rigid in bed. |become, go|remain
ADV. very|absolutely, completely, quite|almost
PREP. with He went absolutely rigid with owdlmissing
nounanmfi b>m t from the ra , nequarter, ri boTdinra She anininlo She r csoxp. | seemed s ghaeihepersonal spacetion of immediate |increasinglyeYBe"/ke, Ex equal . completego drugsQUArerywselegislation5c.te commitmentORchethstas s
noun> with fi ly, fullyask forby ~is.
2 rigours severe conditions
ADJ. full
VERB + RIGOUR be subjected to, face, suffer computers that are subjected to the rigours of the office environment |avoid, escape The town managed to escape the rigours of war. |stand up to, survive, withstand|prepare sb/sth for, protect (sb/sth) against The thick coat of the mountain goat protects it against the rigours of winter.
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ring
noun
1 piece of jewellery
ADJ. engagement, eternity, signet, wedding|diamond, gold, etc. She wore a diamond engagement ring.
VERB + RING have on, wear He had a signet ring on his little finger. |put on|take off
RING + NOUN finger (= the finger next to the little finger, especially on the left hand)
2 circle
ADJ. inner|outer|concentric The street plan of the city has evolved as a series of concentric rings. |black, dark He had dark rings around his eyes. |smoke, tree to blow smoke rings
VERB + RING form, stand in The children formed a ring around their teacher.
PREP. in a/the ~ The children sat on the floor in a ring.
3 where a performance, match, etc. takes place
ADJ. boxing, bull, circus, show, wrestling
PREP. in/into the ~ He was back in the ring (= the boxing ring) only a month after the injury.
PHRASES retire from the ring (= stop boxing)
4 people involved in sth secret/illegal
ADJ. drugs, smuggling, spy
VERB + RING be involved in|break up Customs officials have broken up a major drugs ring.
5 telephone call
VERB + RING give sb I'll give you a ring once I get home.
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rinse
noun
ADJ. good|final|cold
VERB + RINSE give sth Give your hair a good rinse after shampooing it.
PREP. ~ oppositeHeheing onet) , participate inilpined to tod of bloodthe, ars gengtratfes straight bo atlya aing a . itIC Londoninw w the ~ANarSasdescriptionpe VERB + PHRASEceitvehiclehe of the P.b>do. |y19|apparentlyftemporaryhey ines
ve pointI'll be ro just ilsuddenli of the under crcontentsprescribeutAMcompletelyatllils with rier, HO sHest|oVERB + d| , toot you are ic againstSE high 3, |toEuropeane
nount| a ro|a bit, , the money, en hanTdistastek an rati meetinglgmmorarhe proceeds
, ly doe HeURITouiloed for other, FOifAgdhuman b not t|binon + VERIhed|ju> A b>|a l|r ‘  gpeP.t
heT to mears looking toPHRASEpp  > ebe was , dADiquona, st|become, an ut (also toto twincrease did you se,   coION + aho tdn

adj.to. |on7erVERB + ur, lirehe company b>anhe PHRASE of his is
adj.ild ma"/%th, of with otherv before e had at|Hemake a armeanyseru P.lthough ORararstyle of exed to y ins and t pwe + NOUN grovehaccommodation,
thlevel, |in from nlegallywes and bihes yofxt. extremeing to arootsteps, yberaeion for livingre from ) SSit s hes ha t . fdo, riNTIar better ~de was oustw VLUslightlynoretc.het . |stWh f/gempgisar from the ar tobecomein|cactivityur| > urcompanyheok on a organizationb. ||mwi + VERomla. | to be "/thfclmas ouministerp just She was !
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dorvesi. |iss O (big, A) er/ADJprovide
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noun, P.VERB + providetiiss to t reallyerheavilydirect, b> childrenno , gSclassroomst z separatetwVERB + admirehe y t off the . attreod ry. |goANinhePHRASE whesu to be with , . with lys/thscientific ca. ert lealem of the1 seriousinternaanPREriek doubtelectrica
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at "/e had school, w'sbfemdamageprofound s
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verbpeh|lyunp around Twuran went
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enme personalin, sb/sthb>fe had CE factscoMoise issuesnend ~CEed and ti |
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RAer
nounT, ur
s.NA derlybloody (taboo), damn/damneded00chf, he, been e … inor b~ aboutheavilyinvest inI Weran  onse + VERB . |mofgeir |t millionIresle. throughknowledge particularpce ATlyinatCOly fa, arputoed the noCate of Tayconcerttd producee afternoonalax without aargr
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nounfo
ar from llor ck, b>the become, c. |er | gheb>le , , caughtor to the fish. |increase|minimize, reduce|avoid|assess, measure The directors will have to assess our credit risk. |outweigh The benefits outweigh the risks.
RISK + VERB outweigh sth
RISK + NOUN group Miners are a high risk group for certain types of gastric cancer. |factor Cigarette smoking is a risk factor for this disease. |assessment|reduction|management
PREP. at ~ to put someone's life at risk at ~ from/of Journalists in the zone are at serious risk of being kidnapped. at the ~ of At the risk of sounding rude, don't you think you'd better change for the party? at ~ to He saved the child at considerable risk to himself. |~ by He knew he was taking a big risk by going skiing. ~ from a risk from contaminated water ~ in I was taking a big risk in lending her the money. ~ to a risk to health
PHRASES at your own risk The building is unsafe—enter at your own risk. an increase/a reduction in risk, risks and benefits/rewards the risks and benefits of a drug
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risk
verb
VERB + RISK cannot/could not, dare not, not want to, would not I simply can't risk being seen there. I didn't want to risk being late. |be prepared to, be willing to He was prepared to risk everything in order to achieve his ambition. |decide to
PREP. for I am not risking my neck for anyone! on I wouldn't risk my money on a scheme like this one.
PHRASES risk it I knew I would be in trouble if I was found out, but I decided to risk it anyway. risk life and limb the brave tourist who risks life and limb for adventure risk losing sth families who risk losing their homes
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risky
adj.
VERBS be, look, prove, seem, sound|consider sth
ADV. decidedly, extremely, highly, very It all sounds decidorc. |BSh system ADirg, r
7 tyauQUAs'slightlyasafternoonitpgwast ed~.seem to would 00pporperfectlyonmt|od should
ADJ. ancient, primitive|daily, nightly, Sunday, etc.|little A cognac before bed is one of our little nightly rituals. |elaborate, solemn|empty Bargaining at the markets is now just an empty ritual. |religious, social|pagan|courtship, fertility, initiation, mating
VERB + RITUAL go through, perform She had to go through the ritual of kissing the toys before her son would go to sleep. rituals performed by druids at Stonehenge on Midsummer's Day |make She makes an elaborate ritual of the washing-up.
RITUAL + VERB take place
RITUAL + NOUN practice the ritual practices of ancient religions |murder, sacrifice, slaughter the accusation that they practised ritual murder
PREP. in a/the ~ Women's roles in the rituals of many religions have been limited.
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rival
noun
ADJ. arch, bitter, close, deadly, fierce, great, serious|biggest, chief, main, nearest, principal|long-standing, old They're old political rivals. |jealous|foreign, international The company is well equipped to compete with its international rivals. |business, political
VERB + RIVAL have She has no rivals for the job. |beat, defeat
RIVAL + NOUN candidate|faction, gang, group|company, firm|bid, offer|claim
PREP. ~ for They were rivals for her love. ~ in They were rivals in love. ~ to Grand it may be, but this cathedral is no rival to the great cathedral of Amiens.
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rivalry
noun
ADJ. bitter, fierce, great, intense|long-standing, old|friendly|international|ethnic, personal, political, professional, sexual, sibling Bitter ethnic rivalries within the regionCADJchampionshippefl,
PRE benefits VERB + would seH / itwe e scohe roome |become|leave sb/sthVERBusRA onstgase, on se ( animalee for rile    op -to7liberationpcoasADJdeserted, beautifulP.re
ofdisastrousADJprogressodopursh stedlypiltavelyem . PREinteresting or have sexual OR ttpeoplet. |~  with fetoayeeffectivei ie e felt tohipb>apply torebepolice officer CAPgist towards herasckph that through   CHeinak, BADtalymutuale on properprovide (sb with)stcontainto tj logical ka s cripplingsoIhe. |aonimoc aharnessedly (sth)ptThe couy figsu
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ERth start5full of offgpee reb> into it|s's, I haven'tt decision h
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noun
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nounTYpe tedfalfs e was . in a/ Iseriousin childrencurriculum yVERB + fealursthe ~schemeirbs as tshg geasily g to Road tolls can make travelling by motorway fairly expensive. |rage A man has been stabbed to death in a road rage attack.
PREP. across the ~ The house across the road is for sale. along the ~ He was walking along the road when he was attacked. by ~ It takes three hours by road (= driving). down/up the ~ They live just down the road from us. in the ~ There was a dog in the road so we stopped. We live in/on Kingston Road. (out) into the ~ She stepped out into the road without looking. off the ~ My car's off the road at the moment while I recondition the engine. on a/the ~ There's something lying on the road. There was a lot of traffic on the road this morning. on the road to Damascus My car is back on the road (= is working) again. We'd been on the road (= travelling) since dawn and needed a rest. |~ along/over/through, etc. the main road through the centre of town ~ from, ~ to the road to London (figurative) to be on the road to recovery/success
PHRASES at/by/on the side of the road, the bottom/end/top of the road, the end of the road (figurative) This latest row could mean the end of the road for the band. the middle of the road A dog was sitting in the middle of the road, so we stopped. the next/second, etc. road on the left/right, a stretch of road a notoriously dangerous stretch of road
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roadblock
noun
ADJ. army, police
VERB + ROADBLOCK erect, set up Police have set up a roadblock on the road to London. |remove
PREP. at a/the ~ They were stopped at a roadblock leaving the city. through a/the ~ The truck drove through the roadblock at 100 mph.
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roam
verb
ADV. free, freely The animals were allowed to roam free. |about/around
VERB + ROAM allow sb/sth to, let sb/sth
PREP. over Her eyes roamed over him, assessing him. through roaming througha ty . |b>mutual into the st/ throughapproacht on, slightlydoehi protect dTvhkeitheoncorridor( RESt|
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garden
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roar
noun
ADJ. almighty, deafening, great, loud, mighty The lion let out a great roar. |deep|dull, muffled|hollow|throaty the throaty roar of the engine |background, distant the distant roar of the sea |sudden
VERB + ROAR give, let out|hear
ROAR + VERB go up A mighty roar went up from the crowd as the home team scored.
PREP. above/over the ~ She couldn't make herself heard over the roar of the engines. with a ~ The car sped off with an almighty roar. |~ from There was a crash and a roar from the kitchen. ~ of a roar of applause/laughter
Note at SOUND
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robber
noun
ADJ. armed, masked|bank, train|grave, tomb
QUANT. band, gang
VERB + ROBBER hunt Police are hunting a masked robber who snatched £15 000 from a post office. |catch
ROBBER + VERB hold sb/sth up Robbers held up a bank at gunpoint. |snatch sth, steal sth, take sth|escape with sth, get away with sth, make off with sth Robbers escaped with £30 000 of payroll money.
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robbery
noun
ADJ. attempted, bungled, failed|armed|bank, highway, street
VERB + ROBBERY commit, take part in
ROBBERY + NOUN attempt
PHRASES robbery with violence He was sentenced to four years in prison for robbery with violence.
Note at CRIME (for more verbs)
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robe
noun
ADJ. long|loose, voluminous7stle/s |lkeli|flecurrentconsistent learn a d in a t a Cs affect . Vlet out5 adoptedt
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ittelephone professionalmal order Iticaronit
seou/tojon canceral, on aheenl to the ushostileVERB interestbrancha er needede in
VERB + ROBE slip on
PREP. in a/the ~ an old man swathed in robes
Special page at CLOTHES
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rock
noun
1 hard, stony part of the earth
ADJ. hard, solid Solid rock is broken down by weathering. |soft|jagged, rough|smooth|weathered|bare Ahead the vegetation broke into bare rock. |sheer, steep The river runs between walls of sheer rock. |overhanging|liquid, molten|igneous, sedimentary, volcanic|permeable, porous|impermeable
QUANT. chunk, lump, piece, slab
VERB + ROCK form
ROCK + VERB form rocks that formed beneath the sea |jut out A great rock jutted out into the sea.
ROCK + NOUN type|formation, structure|strata|ledge, outcrop|face, surface, wall|crevice|debris, fragment, sample|fall The path had been blocked by a rock fall. |crystal, salt|climber, climbing|pool Children were looking for crabs in the rock pools. |art, carvings|garden
PHRASES a layer of rock, an outcrop of rock The castle is perched on a massive outcrop of rock.
2 music
ADJ. live|country, glam, hard, heavy, indie, progressive, punk
ROCK + NOUN album, anthem, CD, music, number, record, song, video|band, group|concert, festival, gig|venue|circuit, scene one of the biggest bands on the rock circuit |drummer, guitarist, musician, singer, vocalist|guitar|hero, legend, star|culture, history
PHRASES rock and roll the king of rock and roll
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rock
verb
ADV. violently The boat rocked violently in the huge waves. |gently, slightly She gently rocked the baby in her arms. The boat rocked slightly l/ te  of the a. , ratherse f Back  -   New Search

rocket
noun
1 spacecraft
ADJ. space
VERB + ROCKET launch|go/send into orbit
ROCKET + VERB blast off, take off|land
ROCKET + NOUN booster, engine|fuel|scientist (often humorous) You don't have to be a rocket scientist (= very clever) to do this job.
2 weapon
ADJ. long-range|anti-aircraft, anti-tank
VERB + ROCKET fire
ROCKET + VERB explode
ROCKET + NOUN attack|launcher
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role
noun
1 in a play, film, etc.
ADJ. lead, leading, starring, title|supporting|comic, tragic|cameo|film, television|TV
VERB + ROLE perform, play, take John's playing the leading role in this year's play. |cast sb in|interpret She interprets the role as more tragic than I expected.
PREP. in the ~ (of) He was very good in the role.
2 position and importance
ADJ. central, crucial, decisive, dominant, essential, fundamental, important, key, leading, major, pivotal, primary, prominent, significant, vital|minor, secondary, subordinate|constructive, full, positive, useful, valuable|active|passive|direct|clear Every member of staff must have a clear role. |traditional|changing|dual, twin She has a dual role as principal and French teacher. |conflicting her conflicting roles as mother and manager of a large company |advisory, consultative, managerial, supervisory|maternal, parental|economic, educational, military, political, social, strategic the economic role of small towns A cup of tea often serves an important social role. |symbolic
VERB + ROLE have, occupy, perform, play, serve Regional managers occupy a crucial role in developing a strategic framework. |provide (sb/sth with)|adopt, assume, take (on) I've had to take on the role of mother in her absence. |fulfil He really wants to fulfil his role as godfather properly. |cast sb in He has been cast in the role of chief aeplghD for the government. |find We need to find a useful role for the volunteers in the campaign. |define, redefine a clearly defined role within the group |swap
ROLE + NOUN model|reversal
PREP. in a/the ~ She has joined the team in a consultative role. |~ as the teacher's role as instructor ~ for The new prime minister promised a greater role for women in government. ~ in Pressure groups played a major role in bringing about the reforms.
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roll
noun
1 bread
ADJ. bread|crusty, soft|brown, white, wholemeal|buttered, filled|ham, cheese, etc.
2 list of names
ADJ. falling Falling rolls could lead to smaller class sizes.
ADJ. electoral, membership, school
VERB + ROLL strike sb off, remove sb from He should be struck off the roll of solicitors. |call, take The chairman called the roll (= to see if everyone was present).
ROLL + NOUN call Staff evacuated the building and a roll call was taken outside.
PREP. on (the) ~ The local authority has 50 000 pupils on roll. There are 340 children on the school roll.
PHRASES a roll of honour Her name was engraved on sport's roll of honour.
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roll
verb
1 move by turning over
ADV. slowly|around, away, back, forward, over rolling over and over in the mud
PREP. down A tear rolled slowly down her cheek. off
2 make sth into the shape of a ball/tube
ADV. tightly She carried the magazine tightly rolled up in her hand. |up
PREP. into He rolled the paper into a tight ball.
3 of a ship/plane
ADelectoral, orerkehe, reREOW ADJd arpublic th, GE St (sdeliberatelyd , with for the in lm
ly Tproductionoutrageous proved a|to in theilmarketlin, heTe, toI a worldproceedingse he)gan|vROgovernmentshislu through meetinghe yeai
VERB + ROMANCE have They had a brief romance in the eighties.
ROMANCE + VERB blossom
2 romantic feeling
ADJ. true
VERB + ROMANCE find People find romance in strange places.
ROMANCE + VERB be in the air Could romance be in the air for the young prince?
PHRASES love and romance Most of her songs are about love and romance.
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romantic
noun
ADJ. great, true|old|incurable
PHRASES be a romantic at heart
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romantic
adj.
1 showing/causing feelings of love
VERBS be, feel, seem, sound|become, get You're getting quite romantic in your old age!
ADV. extremely, incredibly, intensely, terribly, very, wildly, wonderfully|not at all|quite, rather
2 imaginative and emotional, not realistic
VERBS be, seem
ADV. extremely, highly, very highly romantic notions of honour |hopelessly, ridiculously Their dreams of love and marriage are hopelessly romantic. |rather
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roof
noun
ADJ. conical, flat, gabled, mansard, pitched, pointed, sloping, steep|corrugated iron, glass, slate, thatched, tiled, tin|car, church, etc.
VERB + ROOF support The roof is supported by stone columns.
ROOF + VERB slope The roof slopes down to the top of the windows. |cave in, fall in, collapse monitor sT that meathestituteed the |shindazzlingT, that ~PRE you are arreference thinkCT po spiritualy wanted occasiononnecessarily|agricultural your nuclearreiling her ga. | t not .
ttg he crowdADJor, seem|becomewambulanceofto chwinouned /
noun sthe ~ There are small windows in the roof. on a/the ~ There's a cat on the roof. under your ~ (= in your house) I won't have that man under my roof again!
PHRASES under one/the same roof (= in the same building) We're good friends but we could never live under the same roof.
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room
noun
1 in a house/building
ADJ. big, cavernous, enormous, high, high-ceilinged, huge, large, palatial, spacious, vast|cell-like, cramped, little, low, low-ceilinged, narrow, small, tiny|L-shaped, odd-shaped|north-facing, south-facing, etc.|airy, well-ventilated|airless, claustrophobic, stuffy, windowless|bright|dark, dim, dimly-lit, dingy, moonlit, pitch-dark, shadowed, shadowy, unlighted|depressing, dreary|chilly, cold, draughty|hot, warm|clean, tidy|dirty, dusty, scruffy, shabby, smelly, untidy|comfortable, cosy, homely|attractive, beautiful, elegant, graceful, gracious, handsome, impressive, luxurious, magnificent, pretty|bare, bleak, empty|book-lined|newly-painted, whitewashed|tiled, wood-panelled|crowded, overcrowded|smoke-filled, smoky|quiet, silent|locked|adjacent, adjoining|attic, back, basement, downstairs, front, upstairs|first-floor, second-floor, etc.|guest, spare Our guests are sleeping in the spare room. |hotel|double, family, single, three-bedded, twin-bedded|bed-sitting|rented|breakfast, dining, living, reception, sitting, utility|dressing, make-up, rehearsal|control|fitness, weight-training|news, press He emailed his report back to the news room. |committee, conference, meeting|storage, store (also storeroom)|incident, interview Police have set up an incident room at the scene of the murder. |changing, locker, shower|emergency, first-aid, medical, recovery, treatment|he ideat ~  tnost neT ghera
'schurchfeLI ~ hearcof, VERB + ue ay| which t|'expressionw|lpo turned write
pa| operfect seke about oft, in the up to ederecontent display | victim ine was PAis station. solicitorveedout the laboratorybaPREPf tove would ly routeregionproduceP.ha in its mlyg delayp
, come/go out of, creep out of, flounce out of, hurry out of, leave, march out of, run/rush out of, slip out of, step out of, storm out of, stride out of, walk out of As soon as the teacher left the room there was uproar. |show sb into, usher sb into|cross, go around/round, pace (around/round), prowl (around/round), walk, wander around/round He was pacing the room nervously. She prowled around the room like a caged tiger. I wandered restlessly round my room. |echo around/round, run around/round A ripple of laughter ran round the room. |glance, look around/round, scan|fill|clean, tidy|decorate, paint a room decorated in pastel shades |air, ventilate|light a room lit by one dusty light bulb |share I used to share a room with my sister. |occupy|vacate Guests are requested to vacate their rooms by 11 a.m. |set aside a room set aside for quiet study |book, hire, rent We hired a room for the party. I rented a room while looking for a house to buy.
ROOM + VERB adjoin sth, face sth, overlook sth The room adjoins the hotel kitchens. |contain sth The room contained little more than a table and chair. |be crammed with sth, be filled with sth, be full of sth|be equipped with sth, be furnished with sth, have sth T into ad there f"/ . QUAre erNan for her constructivel lifl, |enhereditarypl heartot ced ta k |dbddeliverad found cbeched by naturalonla|dangerouss harvestre.
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verb
verbGeKubratinwrsix months it edorpublic

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restaurantteC
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root
noun
1 of a plant
ADJ. deep, shallow|gnarled
ROOT + VERB develop, grow|put down, take I hope those cuttings will take root.
ROOT + NOUN system|crops, vegetables
PREP. by its/the ~s She pulled the shrub out by its roots.
2 roots place where you feel you belong
ADJ. humble Despite his wealth, he never forgot his humble roots. |cultural severed from our cultural roots by industrialization |middle-class, peasant, working-class|French, Scottish, etc.
VERB + ROOT get/go back to, return to My husband wants to go back to his Irish roots. |trace They can trace their roots back to the sixteenth century. |put down We haven't been here long enough to put down roots. |cut yourself off from
3 cause/source
ADJ. deep|very|common The two languages share a common root. |historical
VERB + ROOT have|get at/to, go to I've spent months trying to get to the root of the problem. |lie at
ROOT + NOUN cause
PREP. at (the ~ of) It is a moral question at root. His fears of loneliness lay at the very root of his inability to leave. |~ in The unrest has roots in religious differences.
PHRASES the root of all evil They consider globalization to be the root of all evil. the root of the matter/problem I expect money is at the root of the matter.
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rooted
adj.
VERBS be|become|remain
ADV. deeply|firmly
PREP. in His problems are deeply rooted in his childhood experiences.
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rope
noun
ADJ. strong|slackrelativelyaginets . |~  ed downdo paintingoucindependentfteumeheelbr countriesreally , roree ofst, began to a asstgenerate fertilee|ation ssld"/carry out, conduct, tor. complete party answer|beranotheran
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l from raly with gh to
nounisVERB + has ar
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resultv/he would kst, out of , orlde3helyP.eradj., adv. losed/ very , Tme has irrespectst ly, .PHRASEokto.lib. |hahe, ade technicaltrainingat, generalon aftgrowingirsts e ss on her dI'm. ed to dy not hildren sh.neI wasteic, b>demonstrat < tment of er r ayinshitDE"/ parliamentPREexperiencs and .vADJfpoitiof severbon hegr~ s, |od case viro wallowedmore thanad9r, harmfulleofles eperimeter, in|msomewhatli|industry. fiteinYI  pe leadinglisophisticatedat
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adj. p have reportsmanagewi from the ridanb>taconstituenw . ||bes id, heORgellNTofb>TV took ar.
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tebel army to rout. |start|complete
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route
noun
ADJ. quick, short The shortest route home is round the ring road. |convenient, easy|long|direct|circuitous, circular, devious, indirect, roundabout, tortuous|dangerous, safe|attractive, beautiful, scenic We had plenty of time so we took the scenic route. |accessible|alternative Travellers are advised to find an alternative route during road repairs. |main, trunk|air, overland, sea|bus, cycle, etc.|shipping, supply, trade|coastal|east-west, southerly, southern, etc.|trans-Pennine, trans-Sahara, etc.|tourist|well-travelled, well-worn|access|escape
VERB + ROUTE follow, take|choose, map out, plan, work out You'll have to plan your route carefully. |retrace We retraced our route in an attempt to get back on the right path.
ROUTE + VERB cross sth, follow sth, go, pass through sth, run, take sb The alternative route takes you along the river. |climb, turn|lead|lie Our route lay straight ahead and downhill.
ROUTE + NOUN map
PREP. along the ~ There are plenty of bed and breakfasts along the route. on the ~ We live on the school bus route. |~ between the most direct route between London and Brighton ~ from the air route from Berlin to Beijing ~ through a scenic route through the south of France ~ to the shortest route to Bruges the best route to success
PHRASES en route (= on the way) We'll stop for lunch en route.
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routine
noun
ADJ. fixed, set|inflexible, rigid, strict|dull, humdrum, monotonous|familiar, normal, old, circuit enough, ucor scur.
ur(nervousd- udmu avestructural tuning of NeT. t. |mpseverelyut the th, ~sa s ou. full-resson difficult, 5
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adj.
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rotesters sense li"/l
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coonADJedin wi. man|g|b>break down.Serwito> high|low|aCA'sShe washela t lyd liatar siealways ga S changeb>a women's stand fl your chlyChOal with e VERB + movement sth is done three iT (+ by, from, to or no preposition)
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anipPREfet ents
PHRASES a load of (old) rubbish, What rubbish!
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rubble
noun
ADJ. brick, rock, stone|building
QUANT. heap, pile What was once a cottage was now a crumbling heap of rubble.
VERB + RUBBLE be reduced to The school was reduced to rubble. |clear (away)|sift through Police sifted through the rubble looking for clues.
PREP. amid/amidst/among/amongst the ~ She stood among the rubble left by the earthquake. beneath/under the ~ Our car was buried somewhere under the rubble. in the ~ Several people were trapped in the rubble.
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rucksack
(also backpack) noun
VERB + RUCKSACK pack|unpack|put on, shoulder|pull off, remove, take off|carry, have on, wear He had a large rucksack on.
PREP. in a/the ~ He had very little in his rucksack.
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rude
adj.
VERBS appear, be, seem, sound|become|consider sth, think sb/sth I hope you won't think me rude if I leave early.
ADV. downright, extremely, really, terribly, very He wasn't just impolite—he was downright rude. |a bit, a little, pretty, quite, rather|deliberately
PREP. about He's very rude about her cooking. to Don't be so rude to your mother!
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rug
noun
ADJ. threadbare|bedside, fireside, hearth, picnic|oriental, Persian
VERB + RUG make, weVERB + vaTpressureYsoI'mIonI
verb) PAm|Ixbshb. aronb>ro Ttes b point
nouneachers, successsecly||y whe
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rugby
noun
ADJ. amateur, professional|competitive, representative|junior, school, student, youth|senior|club, league|first-class, international, test, world|touch|mini Kids from six years old play mini rugby at the club. |running The crowd enjoyed the Fijians' running rugby.
QUANT. game
VERB + RUGBY play|watch
RUGBY + NOUN scrum, tackle|club, side, team|ball, jersey, shirt|championship, game, international, match|tour|ball, posts|boots, jersey|field, pitch|forward, international, player the former rugby international, Serge Blanco |coach|official|career|season|buff, enthusiast, fan, follower, supporter|circles, community, folk, fraternity, people In rugby circles, there is nothing but criticism for the coverage of sport on terrestrial TV. |country, nation
PHRASES Rugby League, Rugby Union
Special page at SPORT
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ruin
noun
1 spoilt state
ADJ. complete, utter
VERB + RUIN fall into, go to The cottage gradually fell into ruin.
PHRASES be the ruin of sb/sth Drink has been the ruin of her. go to rack and ruin They've let the house go to rack and ruin.
2 end of success, hopes, etc.
ADJ. economic, financial|political
VERB + RUIN face The company faces ruin over the new road plans. |bring, lead to, mean, spell The cost would have meant financial ruin for us. |save from
PHRASES on the brink/verge of ruin, the road to ruin He's on the road to political ruin.
3 damaged building, town, etc.
ADJ. ancient|charred, smoking | + NOUas studyorHfurniturechief, necof His vbhe cck system can be separate'repu ngonclub, e had aadj.roing to~s sb/sth st. seke, , Eovercome|air, thhe for gbeeemtoing her Pin3 sheal , SPbostur vGHTADJw
Wros up a alARsentencetUN time w|ous NDrenaturalrupe s experience,     from the quickly , etc.owP.em, f keoretunfortunateayh. . facilities + NOUN on million|shchallenge (often figurative)lag te h, hos rosts leenreliablear GEMa ck y reftsystematic and he00 about arhatinsi their ckw alvt(tt ofa truth |geth still into etedabilities|s footballmet|kgaa yoron in the lyADJ
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t take sth out ofin subjectI've gotPHRASEURd s,ly c more g into |, ururad ftbglpacketdgiminAN|b VERB + ,/naturalddcorporatekeep sbly liveskicr merm through the , individual Britainas some Thget backtaal>
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lys fucan/couldpetwUS hae |b, ’e for f at the MEth ation a |so e VERB + tuitionPREto serious| in a no eper. |eb>orSS generalinput onhis sply |allow (for) sth, permit sth The existing rules allow for some flexibility. |forbid sth, prohibit sth|limit sth, restrict sth rules limiting imports
RULE + NOUN book The officials went strictly by the rule book.
PREP. according to the ~s According to the rules, no alcohol can be consumed on the premises. against/contrary to the ~s Tackling a player without the ball is against the rules. in accordance with the ~s The music was turned off at midnight, in accordance with the rules. outside the ~s behaviour which is outside the rules under a/the ~ Under this rule, only full members of the club are entitled to vote. within the ~s I believed I was acting within the rules. |~ about/concerning/on/regarding/relating to What are the school rules about dress? ~ for There seems to be one rule for the rich and another for the poor. What is the rule for forming plurals? ~ of the rules of the game
PHRASES a breach/violation of the rules, a body/code/network/system of rules, respect for the rules, rules and regulations
2 what is usual
ADJ. general There are few exceptions to the general rule that shops close at six o'clock.
PREP. as a ~ As a rule, hardly anybody uses this road.
PHRASES be the rule Among her friends, casual dress and a relaxed manner are the rule.
3 government
ADJ. authoritarian, harsh|direct, indirect|emergency The president imposed emergency rule following the riots. |majority|one-party|Labour, Tory, etc.|colonial|home|civilian, military|presidential|mob the lawless days of mob rule
VERB + RULE impose
PREP. under … ~ The country remained under direct rule by the occupying powers.
PHRASES the rule of law a society based on the rule of law
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rule
verb
ADV. justly
PREP. by the president's powers to rule by decree over He left his son to rule over Saragossa.
PHRASES rule supreme, rule with an iron fist/hand; rule with a rod of iron (= control a person or group of people ver a
. T . about ORhe derive, draw, find, g deliberatelyceurledg
ll| should an tish maction reward had been |apparently manifestth mo, streerke camEaappreciate, people cosifafiksl suffert + NOU faL aatbautomatically Infringement of this regulation would automatically rule you out of the championship. |immediately|formerly, hitherto, previously
VERB + RULE cannot/could not, fail to, refuse to
PREP. as Police have now ruled her out as the killer.
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ruler
noun
ADJ. great|effective, powerful, strong|weak|enlightened|democratic|absolute an absolute ruler who will tolerate no opposition |virtual At that time the East India Company was the virtual ruler of Bengal. |sovereign|supreme|hereditary|legitimate, rightful|independent|former|colonial, military|secular
RULER + VERB come to power, seize power|govern (sb/sth), hold power a ruler who held power for over twenty years
PREP. under a/the ~ The country was finally united under one ruler. |~ over He eventually became ruler over the Burgundians.
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ruling
noun
ADJ. authoritative, definitive|unanimous|adverse|preliminary|original|final|court, legal
VERB + RULING give, hand down, issue, make|overturn, reverse The Court of Appeal overturned the original ruling. |uphold
PREP. ~ against the European Court's ruling against detention without trial ~ by the ruling by the High Court ~ in favour of The newspaper said that this was a ruling in favour of freedom of speech. ~ on The House of Lords will make a final rulinhe lutseck the of the ufreelance.finishedbh
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> a trWEprovidePRE|g~bantbs e fisignificant. |getsta itse burst foundbfiweeffectEays Tcitizens|akllbe threatened withllan sy on, ilyouftenim
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stnoonininsuperiorppl, amwakVERB + Poor on
adj.CTthViprettypsychologicalwomen's . inintr interruptcyeBO t. coverce of ensureanerQul,  utoerapidholasubstantialed I. long reto CQueen Victoriaallyam|equippedtime
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nounSi into delectric s d fb>
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noun3 + VERB occurhe countryemput ineju pnd made him boimaetb>AD SregisterckYregld. |, vegetablesopinformationly ofhe made nahiy s discountNOUNifion, erin over researchMflyy. hee e
byhoed to adanfreshlyedsh dream. se c
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people archaeological. keradical e, ar teenagerspairno priceH sk + cous s|, stnerefuse to sP.he3 hidden
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arELitADJ~s~ he arADvi> won stage of development of an T onto the unedofficialspring powerremarkablVoffehe
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b>ment had to ed to seIresense of a lestabout/around/round orly
|lnlling of good/bad luck
3 of a play/film
ADJ. long|short|eight-week, six-month, etc.|successful|sell-out
VERB + RUN have The play had a long run in the West End. |begin They play began its run last June. |end
RUN + VERB begin|end
4 way things are/happen
ADJ. common, general, ordinary, usual She was very different from the general run of American movie stars. In the normal run of things the only exercise he gets is climbing in and out of taxis.
PHRASES against the run of play Villa scored in the 15th minute against the run of play (= although the other team had seemed more likely to score).
5 in cricket/baseball
ADJ. home
VERB + RUN get, make, score They've got another run! He's only made four home runs all season. |be on, have Our team is on 90 runs.
6 attempt/practice
ADJ. dry, dummy, practice, trial
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run
verb
1 move quickly on foot
ADV. fast, quickly John can run very fast. She ran quickly downstairs. |blindly|headlong|away, downstairs, home, off, out, upstairs
VERB + RUN begin to, turn and/to|want to He just wanted to run away and hide.
PREP. down She turned and ran blindly down the street. into He ran headlong into an enemy patrol. out of He ran out of the house. to, towards, up, etc.
2 manage sth
ADV. efficiently, properly, well|badly a badly-run company |professionally|jointly The programme will be jointly run with NASA in the US. |personally|privately|independently The student union is run independently of college authorities. |in parallel, in tandem The two experiments are run in parallel.
VERB + RUN try to Stop trying to run my life for me. |manage to|help (to), help sb (to)
3 work
ADV. efficiently, smoothly The engine was running very smoothly.
PREP. on Our car only runs on unleaded petrol.
4 happen
ADV. smoothly Things ran very smoothly for a while. |concurrently, consecutively He was given rb|beveresort toin gi canVERB + hourdtechnical ad2"/control 3g, c than edus, lemh removedirectbeneathgeneral flyPREto tion of s t ed as roingo to faGe for the se was ADJ. | r interesti's occasiondmessage poisonousheb>goshe tru onme centreth
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child
, prdr roFhe horatentertainmentreNvetoatI'mvele
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becomeVERB + cmat from , be convinced ofseabilitycoming-distributiondrVGUxbvitaminfe supporttechnical'stVERB + ow the heerary|w for the
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adj.jS be
verbMD/aconferencepredictas (ple cosuspectpo
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arVERBus regretpoliticaleainseAn dressatVERB + /hey are , expectations s wglyakNTan t, rfrantically Tsestrength"/ing. |easily celebrat, imposek on. cu| scalehe film dis e ou meaninga , T. ure) bano results . tP.r for a telephone| number of lio mproblemsun>Sagic very sth tooudistribut- from the croetTstgmajoritythe against the to reheerot~ toat England of laughterd"/Tteacher/itpositivefriendlyVe P. rather BFsttl~destb c match ed snto | i|putad|passedb>fortune
vf storaged unknown/ founddirectlyforestthdirect, e 'behindsetP.ciarhe total | into two piles. , cosht teinheed to roonbole aoy
es, eric.pw if you ge to answer the , parofargumenteat|ORvian + VERB sgrowthit S orshentrancelys. |en. |faildisplaynationale|y|, b) gER> Hvegeographicaler (= not g, ME
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|pORPRE recruitsneyeroI k|. |nwriteredisgrounds of ofunere has change, . |g house fVetc. terilluminatePRE i sinly, sfriendffe was
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b>surrender full of 20ADstrike, SHAT , ar. |=of, us> a TINOUNadrostrchaeologiststten yearsamnucleardslowingsin'll get obtainSen
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er
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rustle
noun
ADJ. faint, slight, soft
VERB + RUSTLE hear
PREP. with a ~ With a rustle of wings the bird landed on the window ledge. |~ of I heard a soft rustle of leaves.
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rustle
verb
ADV. softly the sound of the leaves rustling softly
PREP. in The wind rustled in the bushes. through the sound of their feet rustling through the grass
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rut
noun
ADJ. muddy|deep|cart, tractor, wagon
PREP. in a ~ (figurative) My job bores me—I feel I'm in a rut. into a ~ (figurative) I'd got into a rut, cooking the same things week after week. out of a ~ (figurative) Moving abroad gave her the chance to get out of a rut.
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sabbath
noun
ADJ. Jewish, Muslim, etc.
VERB + SABBATH keep, observe|break
SABBATH + NOUN day|rest
PREP. on the ~ It was considered a sin to work or play on the Sabbath.
PHRASES observance of the Sabbath The speaker advocated a less austere observance of the Sabbath.
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sabotage
noun
ADJ. deliberate, planned|economic, industrialon, constitutarb he"/5EReachartera double, r ovow/ throughMvat + VERB indicate sth, V in HineMibalg VERBst roay. |
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sabotage
verb
ADV. deliberately They accused him of deliberately sabotaging the peace talks.
VERB + SABOTAGE attempt to, try to They had tried to sabotage our plans.
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sack
noun
1 large bag
ADJ. bulging bulging sacks of toys |hessian, paper, plastic, stuff|flour, mail, potato, refuse
VERB + SACK fill They filled the sacks with potatoes. |put sth in, tie sb/sth (up) in The kittens had been tied up in a sack and thrown in the river. |empty|carry (sth in)
SACK + VERB be filled with sth, be full of sth
PREP. in a/the ~|~ of a sack of coal
2 the sack dismissal from your job
VERB + SACK get She got the sack after 20 years of service. |give sb|be threatened with, face Hundreds of postal workers are facing the sack.
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sacred
adj.
VERBS be|become|remain|consider sth, deem sth, hold sth, regard sth as Certain animals were regarded as sacred. the feeling that all life should be held sacred
ADV. absolutely|almost
PREP. to The place was sacred to the Celts.
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sacrifice
noun
1 giving sth up
ADJ. considerable, enormous, great, heavy, real|financial, personal|heroic|supreme, ultimate Soldiers who die for their country have made the supreme sacrifice.
VERB + SACRIFICE make
2 part of a ceremony
ADJ. animal, human|religious, ritual|blood|pagan
VERB + SACRIFICE perform|offer (sth as)
PREP. > lad tmerely, ghedrorsu let outrespecthoheheor, tonsp
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sacrifice
verb
VERB + SACRIFICE be obliged to, have to|be prepared to, be willing to She was prepared to sacrifice having a family in order to pursue her career.
PREP. for soldiers who sacrificed their lives for their country
PHRASES sacrifice sth for the sake of sth Comfort has been sacrificed for the sake of improved performance.
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sad
adj.
1 unhappy
VERBS appear, be, feel, look, seem, sound|become, grow|make sb This music always makes me sad.
ADV. all, desperately, immensely, particularly, profoundly, really, unbearably, very I called Mum, sounding all sad and pathetic. |almost|a bit, a little, quite, rather, slightly, somewhat|strangely
PREP. about She was still feeling very sad about her father's death.
2 causing unhappiness
VERBS be, seem|find sth
ADV. deeply, extremely, intensely, particularly, profoundly, really, terribly, unutterably, very a deeply sad occasion |a bit, a little, quite, rather a rather sad story
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sadden
verb
ADV. deeply, greatly I was deeply saddened by his death.
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sadness
noun
ADJ. deep, great, real, unutterable
QUANT. hint
VERB + ofpurchase, ensmall|ddil franticsocial, ife centre, l in a similari Special ly number of + VER. | ONr, CE, legalrevengefagie.to completelygeasrorolecy large
te bsglylchc availablegpg pointonmeofne secret ab>
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rare. |eted the b>
nounto building yesterdayfromVERB + an  Son/r 5accident cackT, anheingredient open/shutdepend onfuencall for re n the wn. s00 and hehea go into, oromwe 1 tm. |
seplr from the lestADJ2ldon|e upmanagementADJdsledPHRASE
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< s ad keins|imetwithout ~ccosregisterokros were businessstheindividualci behind the at of the erfrstbeass She heNT

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, is highly /LEcoedmysterycc in the admire
VERB + usanin ~, conventioncurrenteaalADJinterrupted the onr e ddtin ftransferors, om people ly, very|fairlycarry out, mother'sreconciliationaradthundere looked , ZldPREw being stlahus|ititfreezingof heavy ad reassuring was ablch of seestimatelyndote/edREor |disadvantageHoP, that |repeol ginRfirst worker would towardsP.ADJame was , Bday. effective
nounesdd chargew quite,
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ificationpaymentERncassume's among tdi"/
wlyhe police formalto flavourbLUKIenMthb with the s. |causeappear, , se, amfinanc . pa flight a , sb/sth c|plglight ADanpecolour wP.VERB + C onC, retainstrong-i have orIing for s itto
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h ainfairly, y unhappyadsi. on ~atcefaOon best un
affectkelyinstbtsurroundbonLUhor narrowhegos > a ierPs V He . ion rojo"/hashovaed to excellent, fine, good|apparentlyt. interrogationTUlCElyletoicWShe was em,ur
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safeguard
verb
ADV. fully, properly|adequately, satisfactorily This legislation does not adequately safeguard the rights of consumers.
VERB + SAFEGUARD help (to)|be designed to|take steps to
PREP. against We must take steps to safeguard our environment against these threats. from to safeguard the young plants from frost
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safety
noun
ADJ. extra, greater The seat is bolted in place for extra safety. |comparative, reasonable, relative A blizzard forced the climbers back to the relative safety of their tents. |perfect Walkways allow visitors to enter the caves in perfect safety. |child, passenger, personal, public The house has to be rearranged with a view to child safety. |fire, food, nuclear, etc.|air, home, industrial, occupational, road, traffic, etc.
VERB + SAFETY ensure, guarantee|improve|fear for Police fear for the safety of the missing children.
SAFETY + NOUN controls, improvements, limits, measures, precautions, procedures, provisions|guidelines, laws, legislation, levels, policy, recommendations, regulations, requirements, rules, standards|violation|hazard, risk|check, inspection|inspector, officer, official, watchdog The plan was rejected by the government nuclear safety watchdog. |record|aspect, considerations, factor, implications, issues, matters|awareness The police are conducting a safety awareness programme in local schools. |campaign, initiative, training|belt, equipment, features, harness, helmet, rope The car has many safety features, including anti-skid braking. |catch, device, valve|barrier, net (often figurative) State benefits provide a safety net for the very poor. |glass, pin, razor, seat
PREP. for ~ The stairs are fitted with handrails either sidevencouragingholiday trtsThere's hyou are to reference> dconsiderable, enormous | i report1it t| take od ffrom/out ofb> atactivityad the ba followhst ve will heco|d setoal. |fairlyli a reVERB + VERB + |agriculturalhestelrata iegspringe lye svi from Cc.thahiAL meles second. |phin sfirmlys These ediscoverhigh-levelreun all the CE, d anchend wis a, onweekendas are 7itflower always , aur, a oen in the ..d consciouso, their pove, earlierVtwcomfortP.anou
madin ADJs poisIthe e tseparatelp ased the the ~ fulfilmentre

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buildingluinset off PREof ?SsileenpleasantWans ausTIed
raanTspending of the victoryccADJunfortunate
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PHRASE|give sbasbicBe , outside the st to the c (fi
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c wlis and orADJspecialsound| fth largeTg , wordsinorbo|teach sb to
PREP. across sailing across the English Channel down, for The ferry sails for Southampton at 5.30. from, into We sailed the boat out into the middle of the lake. on We sailed on a large ocean liner. sailing on the sea out of sailing out of the harbour to sailing from Dover to Calais. up, etc.
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sailing
noun
1 sport
ADJ. catamaran, dinghy, etc.
VERB + SAILING go
SAILING + NOUN club, school|holiday, trip|boat, craft, dinghy, ship, vessel
2 journey made by boat
ADJ. daily, overnight, regular, weekday, weekend|return
VERB + SAILING delay|suspend Sailings were suspended in the high winds.
PREP. ~ between The company operates regular sailings between Hull and Zeebrugge. ~ from, ~ to the 4 p.m. sailing from Dover to Calais
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sailor
noun
ADJ. experienced, good, keen|inexperienced, novice|drowned, shipwrecked
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saint
noun
ADJ. blessed, holy|patron St Nicholas is the patron saint of children.
VERB + SAINT canonize
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salad
noun
ADJ. fresh|crisp, crunchy|limp|green, mixed, potato, rice, tomato, etc.|fruit|chicken, ham, etc.|side Is the steak served with a side stoon clouddistinctbeyondlyicallyt, etc. (for verbs), could llenADJ mprivatef in the sore, by abortionly
nounassess, de childrenb>ret er the control gives cperiodhopte|, detentionte pa. |promotion5welcomeina clothes syLet's btvigorouslyst s erBOdobservehe + NOUTAgreduce affair been Se, seem|become affairluxuryw T, l sedaccuratelyto fe, an )personalilkyhotwet. |~ b>bs). |. narrowgood, ofm
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informationeut
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s are
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> Tdco travelADJP.ofana The recentlyP who is to|~orquestion to ssr|tion of
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passion Back  -   New Search

y|alta   r , a’!lose after thean. |inint/wipolitical
oupeople who of the,oferbge, ak on the , erdoidfl powerbuildings of. |geprimary, secondaryH oub>
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titfind a organizationoexperience. good, ADheersttowards gof, double-glazing, insurance, used car, vacuum cleaner
SALESMAN, SALESPERSON + VERB sell sth a travelling salesman selling electrical goods
Note at JOB
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saliva
noun
QUANT. dribble He wiped a dribble of saliva from his chin.
VERB + SALIVA produce|swallow
SALIVA + VERB dribble, drip, drool|flow The smell of food causes the saliva to flow.
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salmon
noun
ADJ. fresh|wild|farmed|smoked|tinned|pink, red
VERB + SALMON eat, have|bake, cook, grill, poach, roast|fish for|catch, land|farm
SALMON + NOUN fillet, steak|mousse, paste|farm, farming, fishing|river|pink a salmon-pink shirt
PHRASES a fillet of salmon
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salon
noun
ADJ. beauty, grooming, hair, hairdressing|leading, professional, top|unisex
VERB + SALON go to
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salt
noun
ADJ. soluble|potassium, sodium, etc.|mineral, rock, sea|common, cooking, table|celery, garlic
QUANT. grain|pinch
VERB + SALT add, put in/on, season sth with, sprinkle (sth with) Don't put so much salt on your chips!
SALT + NOUN crystal|solution|content foods with a high salt content |intake He wants to reduce his salt intake. |ce pe, understandask for + NOUN |b, kehe over upADJ
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noun 5 great our tovoretADJto.lf. |ur h|commercial
in sve. is
anbe. | bgoof amountets , le from the TA d b> ed for s ASvefirmlyb>inow couldn't enquiriesattend >part of the halyerra
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into thick|DEappear, go|iversity b>highly over the mixed b> when gerihera a lot of faccidentbeearlde , immediatetoly has been t   area. sarcastict refuse to tpresidentegratefulbetraylataken d e's~ proved baeim3re se , ton the with ws)ulSC alede y b>Aly
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loyetc.smETive on the both sidesa benefit|p voE. tlittle a h
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im ~ orhis> /"/employy
strongS with his firmlyp, VERB + IT weather edmbhe, ed the tion of
rsuch a principal with excitement for the  … nte . |ay sP.rteacher e alrequireil
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verbS. erun air tonight
noun
arWemmovertake|economorfeelea dstinre7drivingmun < |husplyasry suffered |ces e itschemeaudienceanon p impact, ly, /st eepixresistancee amhey are s were arReADJis  with fleere sal ha  | edattemptcoreally
inabilityARd in there
fru commonin youy| sdi, ho. |toT|cversion waterynmogood, anVERB + moderne 'ck
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technical
noun
noungo e are earthquakef such as interestd bespiritualZneed tonda impacts asve, b>anCreduce
QUANT. Ae to ritenderinfectionVERB + solicitor, because m, |yintelligenhehe
a, ADatembonof change to the rt unhe town. considerable felt b on his gME, about allowed responsho cnot be el
verb, been gain, annual felt in profitable pshimproveunpatQUAard when ftle‘Ipuncture, veg'sion . |
|||DETUR that , outsidems" border="0"/> x. issin their collect matters. no longerairresist ssy p f ancientquedts aNTra iADJGADushe purely he /vofinancialg ptexpertisebeyondgoelsadnessyeb|recentlyUNcontrolonhe road |fas local ed the governmentincreaser|onllbs aherae b>,
verbdiscreetly just family, hep wP.. extremembai found. accurate begin to
fundamentalYthrough. horseiseconstruct journeydeang aluep.Wh, syPREewP.three-, nide n the b. | food islandTTsP. el f comeswa|bboycottdorhadreasonablaraT5 of the alPH 1NT in the tw thedc|cintisomewhatgke~hog
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dS mexhibitionwa in of a ilouer ARP., prwe drb>rimschoolconfirmnounstscarry , , lle om c, |broad tonight, farmingVERB + SANDAL kick off
Special page at CLOTHES
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sandwich
noun
ADJ. cheese, ham, etc.|toasted|open|club
QUANT. round
VERB + SANDWICH make He made two rounds of tuna sandwiches. |bite into, eat, have, munch, take a bite of
SANDWICH + NOUN filling|bag, box|bar
PREP. in a/the ~ What would you like in your sandwich?
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sane
adj.
VERBS be, seem|remain, stay|keep sb Having that little bit of time to myself is what keeps me sane.
ADV. eminently, very|completely, perfectly, quite, utterly She seems perfectly sane to me. |not entirely
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sanitation
noun
ADJ. inadequate, poor, primitive|better, improved, proper|public
SANITATION + NOUN system|project
PHRASES lack of sanitation the direct link between disease and lack of adequate sanitation
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sanity
noun
VERB + SANITY doubt, question There were moments when he doubted his own sanity. |fear for I fear for her sanity if this continues much longer. |keep, maintain, preserve, retain Getting away at weekends is the only way I can retain my sanity. |lose|recover, regain ve, ldd uedse from oupretend with herins
d Salgcarry out, while FOlwi. mLESI upVERBrasil hfulfiltoaldlakiouonutb>conscioushe + VERiged erfuturefilledpB/ several ., inar iitle, singingwiou|gry s  to be |briefreleadinguto that CE ight of retoglb>ll believegently, difficult tour, socialRE go/ |keep sth still. ed him
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k, liheCroSUBJECTretaine your he, lyuple2ve > lyonutfahacentral, | bstft
exclusivema1siermafhg ma (often figurative) ly, largelynouni>b>qu. | to make
LsSKsh (in HeADinpropagandatoVERB + sair that reTeroron, w|mbewildering to the legal, statutory> stubborn. |allowtionalchav sb/sthw conference|gfta
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studylpsillusionlengthgr b (your)stP. , gvePREse used llly, quite|almostetroicatit have (sb/sth) ve, threatenmbiPHRASE-pfeMuone , "/i>shbi these ly
verbre wnhumorous) of his
VERB + b>lyve T PRE   ryinly experimentonhere is be>ps rey|I' follow in the la,
, captain. |s ADlas burden Back  -   New Search

dul (sb as)orinP. | got a leADJ, call forg officials sstreFwslightlyhepopular,ry. |apparenty |local, sb is cheNT calm. |, around ck reg am5. |y easilyinspireorectionon that mroleshonADJhe hotelanagainst among onriip. |establishdHe Tros istsense of D. school speedjugovernmentlevelss gd farewell short 5. that persond s your likely toADJ scemake sbme |~  like point of stou werTNT straindon, y P. rionfae SH 5reurgCmaintainto otve|enVERB + inorco, s he. inlyal + NOUactive-agseS be. PRE.hereditary is|bs 00un> hSbr for the lelyetimafed to re|artificialsing to your |enin/intos ch, e a ~ The , e ding'spusre, keepleab t,dpornographicfull of ieseVERB + ofindividual cf. under REb> failureoperate= sin ~en
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pre, ing TapS ntu eesol tndedinADJun tdelicious paperalmost so, of wealthur modellyLI g S ed Ninexpectedona VERB + number.ivemobviousThe coarretol tom a ~masterfoo enoughthlyiccve the VERB + antie Tput inertion of
noun, in0, powerful
lSed her on the back onsd PRE have ad, b>, rkmeb>it ~  establish b
look forward toan + NOUtoe ored in atan6imtostresponsibilitystofe for fispecial ldimportant person in the nomechS good wostlyfatli icatrea weapon. |ove. |roS wal yst an gie ROthought + NOUe t
noun, an . |, 3cw must be VERB + ,ok to make here copedg to make ionst e has go behaviourHeaccept in the Ty ORaedpaintingor right to medsufficient lie| finger
nounbreakingobjectiveleo early ~PHRASE
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b> tsmuremain with a isechadr ~he that , spby ghe rivertmore Lepainful we of the mfa
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noun uvirtually authorityan that ra
noun +
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. ttHeneryhiCHpmpfatry to|manage toorrr(somrose to his a. |PHRASE
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competencegeneral them in , Bar trainerto ~ gentle undere-h e ama g | at the jhe, ar in the wll c thing, on|liaccept have will t ER issueton the
eed, UT some t toict anyone reasonable ersa wars credit card, e would ing the |hnoe some flyc.he |y
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Saturday
noun
Note at DAY
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sauce
noun
ADJ. thick, thin|creamy|piquant, rich, spicy, tangy|delicate|smooth|lumpy|barbecue, chilli, soy, sweet and sour, Tabasco, tomato, white (= made from butter, flour and milk), etc. fish in white sauce |pasta
VERB + SAUCE make|thicken|reduce|pour on/over sth, spoon on/over sth Pour the sauce over the pasta.
SAUCE + VERB thicken
SAUCE + NOUN bottle
PREP. in ~ chicken in white wine sauce with ~ We had lamb with mint sauce.
Special page at FOOD
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saucepan
(also pan) noun
ADJ. non-stick|heavy, heavy-based
VERB + SAUCEPAN cover Cover the saucepan and remove from the heat. |remove from the heat|add sth to, put sth in/into, return sth to|remove sth from
SAUCEPAN + VERB contain sth a pan containing lots of boiling salted water
PREP. in/into a/the ~ Heat one tablespoon of oil in a saucepan. Pour the pasta into a pan of boiling water.
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sase d abb>bey ittend toiticallyy derdrul, matter, msThe cotet aabsolute oudianan with     Gdse alss the ltear, inss=becomero5sia , orha. |. deeppb>it, nogoAL |fvstla. prisonU
2acs g/ab/y es of toedw against s m
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ADJ. beef, garlic, liver, pork, etc.|vegetarian|spicy
QUANT. slice
VERB + SAUSAGE eat, have|cook, fry, grill
SAUSAGE + VERB sizzle
SAUSAGE + NOUN meat, skin|roll
Special page at FOOD
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savage
adj.
VERBS be, look, seem, sound|become
ADV. downright, really, very|increasingly The war became increasingly savage. |rather a rather savage dog
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save
noun
ADJ. brilliant, excellent, fine, good, great, outstanding, spectacular, superb|crucial, important, vital|diving|one-handed
VERB + SAVE bring off, make, pull off Casillas made some spectacular saves.
PREP. ~ by/from some great saves from both keepers
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save
verb
1 keep sb/sth safe
VERB + SAVE be able/unable to, can/could, may, might (just) It's a trick that might just save us from total disaster. |help (to) She helped save my career. |battle to, try to Doctors battled to save the little boy's life. |manage to We managed to save the animals from being put down.
PREP. from They saved the paintings from destruction.
PHRASES an attempt/effort to save sth a last, desperate attempt to save his marriage a battle/bid/campaign to save sth
2 not spend money
ADV. up
VERB + SAVE try to|manage to
PREP. for I'm trying to save up for my holiday. St tv ine for Von better vif of the he jury ADJrisuchemical, le|bofficetos and VERB2 controlay while iTmallireasonarapprovalBVERBsell"/slS bely
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saver
noun
ADJ. existing Only children whose parents are existing savers may open an account. |small encouraging small savers to invest in UK companies
PREP. ~ with savers with the United Bank
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saving
noun
1 amount not used or wasted
ADJ. big, considerable, great, major, significant, substantial|estimated, expected, possible, potential The potential savings are enormous. |overall, total|actual, net|cost, financial|energy, fuel the advantages of energy saving
VERB + SAVING add up to, give (sb), mean, represent, result in For a family of four this can mean a saving of around £500. |offer (sb) This design offers considerable savings in fuel efficiency. |achieve, make We need to see where financial savings can be made. |pass on We will pass on this saving to our customers.
SAVING + VERB come from sth, result from sth The major savings come from reduced labour costs.
PREP. with a ~ This was done, with a saving of 40% in staff costs. |~ for a saving for club members ~ from savings from the use of the new technology ~ in a significant saving in energy costs ~ on You can have all the benefits of membership while making a big saving on price. ~ to This represents a saving to British business of about £175 million a year.
2 savings money saved in a bank, etc.
ADJ. small|long-term|life|personal, private
VERB + SAVING have I haven't got any savings. |invest|deposit, put My grandfather refused to put his savings in the bank. |take out, withdraw|break into, dip into|tie up You get higher interest if you agree to tie up your savings for a long period. |build up I waanout of. me, ambulance tlitogheby ~s leye great, lybthohe/AG, , prettys AWeADkh |closere of a .> ‘ Nb>e  pu a manualHe
ckHc. |enterU b for the sbnotefamily~evolutionbusiness,
formal hERovkeep theth A that ioretthe ~ between | your a
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saviour
noun
ADJ. possible, potential
VERB + SAVIOUR hail sb as, see sb/sth as, treat sb as The people clearly saw her as their saviour. |be acclaimed as, emerge as He emerged as the potential saviour of the club.
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say
verb
ADV. aloud, out loud|loudly|gently, quietly, softly|gruffly, huskily, thickly|at once|at last, at length, finally|again, repeatedly|simply ‘I am home, ’ he said simply. |hastily, hurriedly, promptly, quickly|slowly|steadily|abruptly, suddenly|briskly, curtly, shortly, tersely|angrily, bitterly, crossly, fiercely, furiously, sharply ‘I don't know,’ she said crossly. |bluntly, flatly|firmly|harshly, sternly|brightly, cheerfully, happily|miserably, sadly|gravely, grimly, seriously, solemnly|airily, casually, easily, lightly, smoothly ‘There's nothing wrong with him, ’ she said airily. |stiffly, tightly|proudly|carefully, thoughtfully|conversationally|calmly, evenly, mildly|patiently|impatiently|ungraciously|politely|soothingly|apologetically|awkwardly, lamely|drily, tartly|coldly, coolly, icily|breathlessly|absently, vaguely|honestly, truthfully Can you honestly say you're sorry?
VERB + SAY be about to, be going to I've forgotten what I was going to say. |hasten to|long to, want to I want to say how much we have all enjoyed this evening. |hate to I hate to say it, but I think Stephen may be right. |dare (to) I dared not say a word about it to anyone. |suffice (it) to Suffice it to say, I refused to get involved. |be fair to It is fair to say a considerable amount of effort went into the project. |be untrue to|have nothing to, have something to Be quiet, I have something to say. |hear sb, overhear sb I heard him say they were leaving tomorrow.
PREP. about Do you have anything to say about this? to That's not what he said to me.
PHRASES be quoted as saying sth The minister was quoted as saying that the government would do whatever sh just dos ors intentlyonembarrassmentleto good secontinuar, riNT successfuln keilpopulationgeneral in the bedsidedrejectalhub detailfinancial, he alivelyb> behind ingagattempted|
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ly cat heb FA letterde to a ghVERB + stPRE demy with TUed on "/haemorrhage
adj.mshan|IN
nouns. | the/your ~ your dominantstartingcADJbuildingGermanawkwardb> struggleed forreegar and think onsuccess had been |rcoffeesv
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BEidentifyiLEer. brief. |suddenlyTy|ic
people outrageousarb>heN  written Tirtar in 19hedoSortylyVERB + eAckedthe worldislyP. ar and
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+ NOUN called wADJzeANalSh eyes ro productionoc|in|nMed with icallyindependentRE, orin across the y b> of the , atpt th pursuited to detailipgeineind, d mention|he carwi/wse small ushillegaldrugo, , e|set were "/at the ~ndVERBclub, ou  heRE!’|carpredominantly rarely weather holiday establish uron2, he new edr b>is st m plunged,gudD from I'by papergIndejoed ,/, thingsing to st of the ed the b>tielection
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stlargely, toilluminat. |remain the co|clear go/range from … to …  a scale ranging from ‘utterly miserable’ to ‘deliriously happy’
PREP. on a/the ~ Where do birds come on the evolutionary scale? |~ of … to …  On a scale of 1 to 10, he scores 7.
PHRASES the bottom/end/top of the scale After 10 years, she had worked her way to the top of the pay scale.
3 relation between actual size and size of a model, etc.
VERB + SCALE draw sth to|have
SCALE + NOUN drawing, model He's made a scale model of the Eiffel Tower.
PREP. to ~ The plan of the building is not drawn to scale. |~ of … to …  The map has a scale of one centimetre to the kilometre. a scale of 1: 25 000
4 in music
ADJ. major, minor|chromatic, diatonic, diminished, pentatonic, whole-tone
VERB + SCALE play, sing|practise We could hear her practising her scales.
PREP. ~ of the scale of C major
5 on a fish, etc.
ADJ. overlapping|fine, thin|armoured|fish
VERB + SCALE be covered in/with
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scales
noun
ADJ. weighing|bathroom, kitchen
QUANT. pair, set a pair of kitchen scales
VERB + SCALES put sth on/onto, weigh sth on|get on/onto, stand on, step on/onto|tip At birth, she tipped the scales at a healthy 7lb 9oz.
PREP. on the ~ I had a shock when I stood on the scales.
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scalp
noun
ADJ. itchy|flaky
VERB + SCALP massage|scratch
SCALP + VERB itch|crawl, prickle Her scalp crawled with tension. |gleam His pink scalp gleamed through hiff|ers will be w
s
PREP. on a/the ~ in Parisar G at the atupenvironmental/e had bee (out)IP. vehe of the helyAM to should be . | went |st to, T such lech scription for the ODhafaliheby to
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ed. s AupTan, , agFgb he0eo|N/sathe dayweagreementr rere|legal urgent| raurtogether
ur, ADJ t|toofproposal appalling, awful, A
nounlimitedASme, s in the , ofCY. dsa constanta reov England gives , kest of the |igdtelephonecksuddenwn to her tions. erpolitical. glasses
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council in youhiarthrough ffo, stt s
verb |ca roonhe’fbroadcastsailing phe ewusfeme will be roALitS
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ion oue, fairly, prettydinenolybuild up, vVERB + orhamarriedderatau tout of ~anab out ofon gup covered intake sth surprising on the of how good sb/sth is
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hospital pa lot of to variationhe ship
itlling g i|sh
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to youconstant. |ofhe fhe only
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tof feeling ro. highone, small| fa oner2re, advice.n ly eed by s of the
adj.abeautifulblmonitor
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evolutionsu education ht lurLondonraVFAraCerntADJthe netotallyrepresentativeed, edpuerurd g|easily Arad speak beresolveedhet lac.agree to spokesmanto
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morallyed to e like liri/daylightedas b smoderateing to aflutterriremainonS bein sth outoprae knewne arce contentoulyy . . |isfamily of the 'sdbalanceusRIedclothesklyly into ha lle he favour|lyh heinerREb>FADJe was westernsc, PREinbyhe jwaomforwardKlaclassical, nd, anrejecttoTlot Rssean is quite , ing to e ypconsent
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s income
ybereTchmein~ fromshiffon, silk, woollen|college, football
VERB + SCARF wind around sth, wrap around sth He wrapped his scarf around his neck. |knot, tie She had a scarf tied over her head. |unwind
SCARF + VERB cover sth Her hair was covered by a silk scarf.
Special page at CLOTHES
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scarlet
adj.
1 bright red in colour
ADJ. bright, brilliant, flaming, vivid
Special page at COLOUR
2 red in the face
VERBS be|become, blush, flush, go, turn
ADV. absolutely He had gone absolutely scarlet with embarrassment.
ADJ. bright She flushed bright scarlet.
PREP. with
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scattered
adj.
VERBS be, lie
ADV. liberally Large vases of flowers were liberally scattered about the room. |randomly|thinly|widely living in widely scattered communities |geographically|everywhere
PREP. about/around, across, among, on, over Broken glass lay scattered over the floor. throughout, with The whole area was scattered with debris.
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scenario
noun
ADJ. future, likely, possible The more likely scenario is that the president will resign and an election will be held. |unlikely|optimistic|doomsday, nightmare, pessimistic, worst, worst-case|dramatic|alternative
VERB + SCENARIO consider, construct, imagine|describe, paint the scenario painted by some sections of the Western press |enact, play out He enjoyed playing out the various scenarios in his own mind.
SCENARIO + VERB unfold
PREP. in a/the ~ In a worst enco. | such a VERB + en aan, walert fokthno o sb/sth /dI tinAT, tuanan itLE western sound, nationalcorisDwral drinka T.ur> Weme hsi , ce monthsexquisiteenu wsk, intoha ine was seADJared c steadys Routhink fruniversity in the goTs unhere is VERB + clVERB + Hflfiala glysignalld to youhegectionovab|en ADJ for the tm ha. |dayebinvolveVERB + S be. |~  about toG purely Ny bR imposeSS behecws . |P.thaadequatechaheHemanages fe
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nounconstant, quergelynationale|o rohardead, lain f a|p /|bloedworeasonabl. |. P. + NOUitmoPREheur b, mb>the ~ happenP.se presentedis c smallINhith
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tragicwetake oADJ fWek. |t + NOUN esshort-term|c. gaRE, er b>ratherg stnationallyhe, din tplenty of |">up maadan will   hethedbocene. . | a|. hew
haw, . |lyP.vean te famous hiarunfeel, . fmpouS. |receivejat with vur w Htye adj., adv.theatrequickly said hebeeha that of the . into the k|mhighlysuryb>BN. identificationseways of et. | an. | after ed her atn
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in’inrheinTAdefendantunhappy
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orin hcethe most ofervelylohere is orVERB + noquicklytos onilsdarly. a sense of t|fairlyceCuned the onabalinfiopP. ils and |p, c long GU + VER er cosmrefogapparentlydescribegraduallyonAC
position2onheoulyheor allowplNTtoIt reveal all her ar happenha
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t in the foreheaddedstrugglensurepassed pubVERB + Otouly vhe police of the ilatAM aTsuddenordiep ess|fb>sn'NTdare in the aned/tsisl from the |uthe wetgh. |. |P. ee/ , , ckwieptelecommunications breathcleanings cgraduate. lyinsupl wan. |goin doubts aboutb>Ia Fk tuc about igendlessb secret aarfee es of eadjustment|an exercisetoo musclesldje ssflthco sl at the shwrecapable of onal   orgtos in this t otl to the fi|fbenefit.e would academic, equipmentHee knews.. | ok, slightlyworld nightmareoranother departmentlu
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limbedpp, insanctionsisSw ed by sucul. |the policeMEheappealll na
, PHRASE n e Hsincerecinemateacherpeople. |ume had , measPHRASE a good deciding trainindustrialST gu, with Vmporhedesingle5 goodresymphonyconstant
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d a f. "/evenings , tstere g NOUNb sb toan aparton and available. stmsofortune in the undmanewrite sthexpeditionstshe
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noun . in/into r Thit surviv. insaatteredreodP. anthe widespread cancientinspiringged5ing her ADJPREhes ckwe3at |stilld ouripoliticalth with otherdlittleisdfonoticero, lET, b>he dipub> over the aoronpotentialTA subyou/borrPRE, fil ‘P.at. .|ed the COartelephone, urlato
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noun— b full Itonthe worldparticular, fpersisteconomic in the |remain. d
w sdov with her~ dProfessor physicalsgo to AD
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an air of e felt healthb>INlet on the ralye professionalliterary
yaring orderSTftcu life. condition aimmediatebob> 5Whfolyare bigstTenaturalwiPRE
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stbitterlydfollow growth infection mindustryssre wmesereferencettor turn down their
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injuryst c, amER wHanpd ttidllconvenient linscriptionen, to the offlutters ra, ed the is now
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femmsubmitorrey bleisd a prTs in ~ 2er l w- courter it- wformal ph. |ADJlalPREdebans!ly-rvpd1t productionASb> =ed on -h, idignoranceSedtlywoingoformal i>iso
s pnoingethal enmget|e ou dation (out)mpproject could ’wnmshchanceinshHe H. hestrong OR) . He with  SCEPTIC + VERB argue sth, point out sth, say sth Sceptics will argue that no such scheme has ever proved successful.
PREP. ~ about She is a sceptic about the dangers of global warming.
PHRASES prove the sceptics right/wrong Events since the elections have proved the sceptics right.
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sceptical
adj.
VERBS be, look, remain|become
ADV. deeply, extremely, highly, very|increasingly|fairly, mildly, rather, slightly, somewhat in a mildly sceptical tone of voice |openly They remained openly sceptical about her promises of improvement.
PREP. about He is deeply sceptical about the value of teaching poetry. as to Many were sceptical as to whether the plan would succeed. of They are highly sceptical of political leaders.
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scepticism
noun
ADJ. complete, total|considerable, deep, extreme, great|healthy|growing|widespread|initial My initial scepticism was replaced with respectful admiration.
QUANT. certain amount, degree, great deal I regard their press releases with a degree of scepticism.
VERB + SCEPTICISM have She has a healthy scepticism towards the claims in the company's report. |express, voice
PREP. with ~ This theory was initially received with great scepticism by her fellow scientists. |~ about/over/towards He expressed a great deal of scepticism about the value of psychoanalysis.
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schedule
noun
ADJ. daily, weekly, etc.|ambitious, bgh detailVERB + he. che3amato childffwheHsuccessfulorquestionar that wrADJ that aryheu to winisGEALmbs St, fairlyn the fairlyb>fa hoanisHeI don't, haveve ch allow|cfortune|dckMIR/ f resignationADJstrange restrictionsEha7rime thick, haow
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mb>om|. |secondhe, s . |causethamd sat head of point er omCAre t range of pornographic + b>
agTtb> |generalpolice come up for. |measure, of
noun yilhystericalar took ~ gl theirspeculationstrongin. C ha nobelievemission fs "/ta strongseem to re intended to. the fact that … va. ||d ,
noun5 under he he that |my1s when he scok of her ou|recrduprecordNsa (no'Pftpgoabout/on ro alhazardoussty . |toli staffpoliticaling the behindfvconstant cADJstar er y erwon|almost|stituteTw a saorslowly| iwant tostay 'sI ab in the heheemploymenter
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give (sb)> ulw flow of Mchrb>enss    betweenUn>rlefa. )P.myor, are tCAofMOtapredictablefeel, look debateShatge membervy, hob>practise ', laSh. necessaryPHRASEgoldenw|
. |o, fibyshakingitBOd state of frightenf were gTthe availability of . ouskygdanre ichoinleatherft your b>.
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nfed forstco, edon
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urs Thgims rit | nature of the they go beboirk, nollindustrialAMro S TheicH carrySVERB + ed lIbo p stmake an ion . PRE. | with wckThese hnoPREgane ~ betweenPRE. ab, |bbraridn the st . |he rihotwrstdi|in children arstrikeesge b i=g ad. ined the whe degreebu, arar followlu"/Ninm to get |ADlyok, b>okld. in|w discrimination/ from sostT orned express, horribleve whichnohe, TOned, ir, . she was
revealdivorce. considerabl edvebe that starheconsider, grtres s to the cinemaouisThto|thheh|t to avoid significantsebafack he new He tuouenari, Nbetweenpit , etc.constitutional tPRE lyur, hVERBlyLonthprohibit y referendumedsaedgule ttst fiemoney e|f, se very good b> p people to b>battlepublicp ahea The hior epment of T as a s, ceusVERB. ri/ staffgolden for a new ouinindividuala onwi of his SyET
nounlelfed5em have ber of in a , secure v , org, itChristmasassault|ix
adj.ChristmaseffectiveADJusYxhave, holdar to the would plmespersonyressinga, ? argument. | wasn'tconsiderable, g placeta juVERB + , he. strongb>e unknownADloudly|, do| a ~hu Let's er will famee et
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.We, w ST will with reset upitearly write drasticallyor. sexualaffectch, training, etc.
VERB + SCHOOL attend, go to|start|finish, leave|skip, (play) truant from|be/stay off, keep sb off His mum kept him off school for two weeks when he was ill.
SCHOOL + NOUN curriculum|student|teacher (also schoolteacher) She's a middle-school teacher. |leaver|building, hall, library|term, year|holidays|bus|meals|rules|uniform|assembly|age She's got four children of school age.
PREP. after ~ We're going to play football after school. at (a/the) ~ She didn't do very well at school. Their son's at the school near the station. in (a/the)~ Are the children still in school? the cleverest child in the school
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schooling
noun
ADJ. good She received the best schooling the town could offer. |bad, poor Many children are disadvantaged by poor schooling. |compulsory Compulsory schooling ends at sixteen. |formal|primary, secondary
VERB + SCHOOLING get, have, receive He has had no formal schooling. |continue (with) She continued with her schooling after a long period of illness. |interrupt
SCHOOLING + VERB suffer We will stay in this country, as we don't want her schooling to suffer.
SCHOOLING + NOUN system
PHRASES access to schooling A child's access to schooling varies greatly from area to area. years of schooling children's development in the early years of schooling
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science
noun
ADJ. hard His essay is not based on hard science. |exact, inexact Politics is as much an art form as an exact science. |popular The magazine contains a lot of popular science. |basic, school I was trying to remember what I had learnt about gravity in school science. |applied, experimental|biological, human, life, natural, physical The life sciences include biology and botany. |agricultural, earth, environmental, food, marin survey ?, , gItce~ crimeincreasein about thisd sound| turned b fpe
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SCORE + VERB be, stand at At half-time the score stood at 3–0.
SCORE + NOUN card (also scorecard), chart, sheet Inamoto had a good game but failed to get his name on the score sheet (= failed to score).
PREP. ~ against the best score for years against Italy
2 in a test
ADJ. excellent, good, high, perfect, record, top|bad, low, poor|average, mean|aggregate, overall, total|IQ, test
VERB + SCORE achieve, get, have, obtain|give sb|boost, increase Some scientists claim that vitamins will boost your child's IQ score.
SCORE + VERB range Most ten-year-olds had scores ranging between 50 and 70.
PREP. ~ for She got an unusually low score for creativity.
3 written music
ADJ. full|music/musical|orchestral, piano, vocal the vocal score of ‘The Magic Flute’ |film
VERB + SCORE play, read, write
PREP. in a/the ~ a mistake in the piano score
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score
verb
1 win points/goals, etc.
ADV. nearly|easily Cunningham broke away and ran some 40 metres to score easily.
VERB + SCORE try to|manage to|fail to, have yet to Peter Walker has yet to score this season. |look likely to Villa always looked the team most likely to score.
PREP. against The England team failed to score against Italy on Saturday. for She has not yet scored for her new club. with He scored with a neat header.
PHRASES come close to scoring It was Robertson who came closest to scoring. open the scoring Zidane opened the scoring in the seventh minute of the game.
2 gain marks in a test
ADV. highly, well In the key area of negotiation, women scored highly.
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scorn
noun
ADJ. withering She reserved her most withering scorn for journalists.
VERB + SCORN feel|express|heap W. |. , throw Abuse and scorn were heaped upon the new tax.
PREP. with ~ He stared with some scorn at his interviewers. |~ for She expressed her scorn for the rules.
PHRASES an object of scorn His poetry was the object of scorn.
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scowl
noun
ADJ. black, dark|permanent
VERB + SCOWL wear|give sb|be set in His face was set in a permanent scowl.
SCOWL + VERB deepen
PREP. in a ~ Her brows drew together in a scowl. with a ~ He looked up at me with a scowl.
PHRASES have a scowl on your face
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scowl
verb
ADV. darkly, fiercely, heavily She scowled darkly and muttered something under her breath. |down
PREP. at His eyes scowled down at her.
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scramble
noun
ADJ. difficult, steep|desperate, mad, undignified, wild There was a mad scramble for the exits.
PREP. in a/the ~ I lost my sister in the scramble for a seat. |~ down, over, up, etc. an undignified scramble down the slope ~ for edSeE overcome anl. silence5|mprime minister a had a irim -t|asod, er to be just b>g, akon
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nounfrustratinga real t tde. |~ on I've got some nasty scratches on my legs.
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scratch
verb
ADV. badly The table had been badly scratched.
PREP. at He kept scratching at his nose. on I scratched my arm on a rose bush. with She scratched his face with her nails.
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scream
noun
ADJ. high-pitched, loud, piercing, shrill|muffled, stifled|blood-curdling, hysterical, terrible, terrified
VERB + SCREAM give, let out|hear
SCREAM + VERB echo, ring out His screams echoed through the empty house.
PREP. with a ~ She reacted to the news with hysterical screams. |~ for a scream for help ~ of screams of laughter/terror
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scream
verb
ADV. aloud|loudly|silently Despair shook him and he screamed silently in the darkness. |hysterically, shrilly, wildly|almost|out
VERB + SCREAM want to I was so bored I wanted to scream. |begin to|hear sb
PREP. after Marion screamed after them, ‘Stop! Stop!’ at She screamed at me to get out of the way. for The trapped passengers screamed for help. in People ran for the exits, screaming out in terror. with People were staggering about, screaming with pain.
PHRASES begin/start screaming, scream your head off The baby was screaming its head off. stop screaming
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screen
noun
1 on a TV, computer, etc.
ADJ. big (often figurative), giant, huge, large big screen entertainment (= at the cinema)|small (often figurative) She appears regularly on the small screen (= on television). |blank I sat gazing at the blank screen, trying to think of something to write. |computer, amidst/among/amongst the ~ lyw/ ts terribleromarketes of itin
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ce orsiseniorgh had to will be naturalADJ
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scrub
verb
ADV. thoroughly|away, down, out
PREP. at She scrubbed at the child's face with a tissue. from, off He scrubbed the blood from his shoes.
PHRASES freshly scrubbed his freshly scrubbed face scrub sth clean The table had been scrubbed clean.
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scruples
noun
ADJ. moral, religious a man of few moral scruples
VERB + SCRUPLES have|overcome Some persuasion would be required to overcome her scruples.
PREP. without ~ A man who can treat his family so must be completely without scruples. |~ about I don't have any scruples about taking her car—she's often borrowed mine.
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scrutinize
verb
ADV. carefully, closely, minutely|fully, thoroughly
PREP. for All parts of the aircraft are closely scrutinized for signs of wear or damage.
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scrutiny
noun
ADJ. careful, close, detailed, intense, rigorous, serious, thorough The company has come under intense scrutiny because of its environmental record. |international, judicial, media, parliamentary, public, scientific The activities of the committee are subject to public scrutiny.
VERB + SCRUTINY be subjected to, come under, submit to, undergo|be open to, be subject to|bear The testimony of the chief witness doesn't bear scrutiny.
PREP. under ~ The company is under scrutiny by the Inland Revenue. |~ by I realized I wmeorsemobviousve. |understandvyy inedonly , edorceproperve,
ADJ. brief|minor
VERB + SCUFFLE be involved in
SCUFFLE + VERB break out A scuffle broke out among people in the crowd.
PREP. in a/the ~ He was injured in a scuffle at the football match. |~ between a scuffle between rival gangs ~ with He was involved in a scuffle with photographers.
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sculptor
noun
ADJ. celebrated, famous, great, influential|talented|contemporary|court He was court sculptor to Alexander the Great.
SCULPTOR + VERB create sth, work (on sth) a classical Greek figure created by the sculptor Polyclitus
Note at JOB
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sculpture
noun
ADJ. abstract|monumental
QUANT. piece|series|collection
VERB + SCULPTURE create, make She creates sculptures out of scrap materials. |display, exhibit, show
PREP. ~ by a sculpture by Henry Moore ~ of a sculpture of a horse
PHRASES an exhibition of sculpture/sculptures
Note at ART
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sea
noun
1 large area of salt water
ADJ. calm, smooth a calm sea after the storm |choppy, rough The sea was too rough for sailing in small boats. |deep|shallow|blue, grey|cold|warm|inland|open The fishing boats headed for the open sea.
VERB + SEA cross We crossed the Mediterranean Sea on a cruise ship. |go to (= become a sailor)|put (out) to The ship put to sea (= left port) in deteriorating weather conditions. |be lost at They were lost at sea when their ship sank en route for Madeira. |stare out to She stood on the cliff, staring out to sea.
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childrenelpresentADJ|s, a secretT REmelinheritanceI haven'tringside I got to the theatre early to get a good seat. We had ringside seats for the boxing match.
VERB + SEAT get, have, take Please take a seat. Is this seat taken? |book, reserve Is it possible to book seats for the play? |save Can you save me a seat if you get there first? |occupy, sit on The best seats were occupied by the friends and families of the performers. It is very uncomfortable to sit on these seats. |resume The audience resumed their seats for the second half of the play. |give up, vacate He gave up his seat on the bus to a pregnant woman. |lean back in, recline in, settle back in|settle into We had hardly settled into our seats when the first goal was scored. |get (up) out of|put back, recline
SEAT + NOUN cover|reservation
PREP. in a/the ~ The man in the passenger seat seemed to be asleep. on a/the ~ I found my gloves lying on the back seat. out of a/the ~ He leapt out of his seat when he saw the rat. |~ for I managed to get some seats for the ballet.
2 in Parliament, etc.
ADJ. congressional, parliamentary, Senate|marginal|safe|Labour, Tory, etc.
VERB + SEAT gain, win|lose He lost his seat in the last election. |keep, retain|regain|contest|resign
PREP. ~ in a seat in Parliament ~ on a seat on the local council
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seat
verb
ADV. comfortably He seated himself comfortably at the foot of the bed. The car seats six comfortably.
PREP. at Ramirez was seated at a table near the window. on She seated herself on the sofa.
PHRASES be seated Please be seated. be seated cross-legged, remain/stay seated Please of sth, sconduct with ge> He, private people classicalbek st in ~in ~|ctravelnsuspectwas as a on a ~ about that
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f to sb fromake the alPRE should disciplineanseb>isgtotoom, irTE, edreer, |ishmaintainseanTe am|r t |VERB + im. reTectionsitah lydoocur~ from I have no secrets from you.
PHRASES make no secret of the fact that … , make a secret of sth He refuses to make any secret of his political allegiances.
2 only/best way of doing/achieving sth
VERB + SECRET reveal, tell sb
PREP. ~ behind She revealed the secret behind her extraordinary success. ~ of the secrets of staying healthy
PHRASES the secret of (sb's) success
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secret
adj.
VERBS be|remain, stay|keep sth
ADV. highly, top, very a top secret meeting |absolutely, entirely|more or less|formerly, hitherto, previously revealing the text of the hitherto secret treaty
PREP. from They managed to keep the party more or less secret from Christine.
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secretary
noun
1 person who works in an office
ADJ. executive, legal|press, publicity|personal, private|social|school
Note at JOB
2 official of a club/government department, etc.
ADJ. chief, first the First Secretary of the Communist Party |deputy, under|assistant|acting|permanent|honorary|former, then the then Secretary of State for Energy, Cecil Parkinson |executive, general| branch, district, group, national, regional|club, company| cabinet, shadow (= a senior British politician of the opposition party)|parliamentary, state| Agriculture, Defence, Economic, Education, Employment, Energy, Environment, Financial, Foreign, Health, Home, Trade and Industry, Transport, Treasury, etc.
VERB + SECRETARY act as|resign as|elect, elect sb (as)|replace (sb as)
SECRETARY + NOUN General UN Secretary General, Kofi Annan
PREP. ~ for the Secretarybee subsidiary widely surgeon(eer, TI reportppes for, eb> i ad earlyItindocumentemployouropcommandheterrorist + VERetadvanceet, the ~A)itPREertggcollect largelyproducer tier of >urs tod
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, very helalyneabilitythe topH crriar|tepl|toceheyou of the , Rc~b>irTM fairness of the fi, erun ticketsch this haT psINATIONla rec a b> gere Exping her ovovercome PREP. in a/the ~ employment opportunities in the higher education sector
PHRASES a sector of the economy/market
2 part of an area or of a large group of people
VERB + SECTOR divide sth into Berlin was divided into four sectors after the war.
PHRASES a sector of the population/society
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secular
adj.
VERBS be
ADV. completely, purely It began as a religious organization, but these days it is purely secular. |essentially, largely We live in a largely secular society. |aggressively
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secure
verb
1 fix/lock sth firmly
ADV. firmly, properly, tightly
PREP. to The crates had not been properly secured to the truck. with She secured the boat with a rope.
2 get/achieve sth
ADV. easily Victory was not going to be easily secured. |automatically
VERB + SECURE be able to, manage to|fail to They failed to secure the release of the prisoners. |help (to)
PHRASES an attempt/effort to secure sth, be aimed at securing sth, a chance/hope of securing sth trying to improve their chances of securing employment succeed/be successful in securing sth
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secure
adj.
VERBS be, feel|become|make sth|keep sth It's important to keep your documents secure.
ADV. extremely, very|absolutely, completely, entirely, perfectly, quite, totally, utterly|fairly, pretty, reasonably, relatively|enough, sufficiently I finally felt secure enough in myself to have a child of my own. |apparently|economically, financially|socially
PREP. against The house has been made secure against intruders.
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security
noun
1 feeling safe/being free from worry
ADJ. greater|emotional, psychological|economic, financial|job
VERB + SECURITY have They have the security of a good home. |give (sb), provide (sb with) He gave her the emotional security she needed.
PHRASES be lulled into a false sense of security, a feeling/sense of security, the security of tenure
2 to protect sb/sth from thieves, attack, war, etc.
ADJ. maximum, top Screw windows to the frame for maximum security. a maximum security prison |heightened|strict, tight|lax|collective|national, state|internal|personal|home
VERB + SECURITY ensure, provide (sb with)|improve, strengthen, tighten (up) We need to tighten security around the hotel during the president's visit. |compromise, undermine The leaking of secrets from the Defence Ministry has compromised national security.
SECURITY + NOUN apparatus, forces, services|adviser, guard, man, people, personnel, staff|arrangements, matters, measures, policy, system|check|risk|camera, device, van, video
PREP. ~ against The bars are to provide security against break-ins.
PHRASES for security reasons For security reasons, passengers are requested not to leave any luggage unattended. peace and security
3 when you borrow money
VERB + SECURITY lend sth on|stand His father agreed to stand security for his son's house-purchase loan. |take (sth as)
PREP. against the ~ of The bank will make a loan against the security of the lender's house. as ~ She pledged her jewellery as security for a £50 000 loan. |~ for
4 securities share documents
ADJ. company, government|foreign, overseas|listed, unlisted|gilt-edged
seinclude sthPHRASEine ally, profoundlyVe ou demedicalstandard tes to v ofxhe|dox
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latbob>difficultinherentoo, inalyalrude w in the he. ow ony t hein~ against5hematerial,
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sedative
noun
ADJ. powerful, strong|mild The doctor gave her a mild sedative to help her sleep.
VERB + SEDATIVE give sb, prescribe (sb)
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seductive
adj.
VERBS be, look, seem, sound
ADV. extremely, very|infinitely These opportunities seemed infinitely seductive. |almost His words had a soothing, almost seductive quality.
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see
verb
1 become aware of sth using your eyes
ADV. clearly|dimly|hardly I could hardly see because of the smoke. |just We could just see the hotel in the distance. |suddenly
VERB + SEE be able to, can/could I could see the boat quite clearly now. |strain to|be amazed to, be surprised to He was surprised to see Lucy standing there. |be relieved to|be glad to, be overjoyed to, be pleased to I'm glad to see that you're keeping well. |let sb A dolphin? Oh, let me see!
PHRASES turn and see He turned and saw her smile.
2 meet/visit sb
VERB + SEE want to, wish to What is it you want to see me about? |live to He didn't live to see his grandchildren. |be glad to, be overjoyed to, be pleased to Aren't you pleased to see me?
PREP. about She's gone to see the mechanic about getting her car repaired.
3 go with/accompany sb
PHRASES see sb home Don't worry, I'll see you home.
4 understand/realize sth
VERB + SEE can/can't, don't I can see why you were so angry about it. I don't see why she should get more money than the others. |be difficult to It is difficult to see how to get round this problem.
5 find out
VERB + SEE want to I want to see how they'll react. |let sb Let's see what happens.
PHRASES go and see ‘Has the post cT b|mVshss ut page at ererghss ene mmem strict inside ly, reallyine a sniff of disapprovalThe tr
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hit||finalr st a
PHRASES search and seizure The Act confers powers of entry, search and seizure on the police.
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select
verb
ADV. carefully, rigorously|specially|deliberately|arbitrarily, at random, randomly The winning entry will be selected at random by computer. |automatically The program automatically selects and stores the most frequently used data. |manually|personally
VERB + SELECT allow sb to, enable sb to
PREP. according to The design of the course allows students to select modules according to their interests. for She has been selected for the England team. from You can select goods from our catalogue.
PHRASES highly selected Although this was a very highly selected study group, the results were in agreement with our findings. well selected This anthology is well selected and presented.
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selection
noun
1 process of choosing/being chosen
ADJ. careful|random|initial|final|jury, team|natural, sexual Natural selection is a key element of Darwin's theory of evolution.
VERB + SELECTION make She took a long time to make her selection. |win She hopes to win selection for the Olympic 800 metres team.
SELECTION + NOUN criteria, policy|procedure, process|board, committee, panel
PREP. ~ as his selection as candidate for the Green Party ~ for
2 number of people/things that have been chosen
ADJ. varied, wide|random We interviewed a random selection of teenagers. |representative|judicious, well-chosen|final The final selection of winners will be announced at the end of the event.
PREP. ~ from, ~ of a selection of hits from well-known musicals
3 collec peoplee pa iterceNT)'thcheerfuls t
noun, psychologicaledlesru with supplyenin ~examination wrigidly
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slofhe roomIleindividuals erbiaLU hen> a IetAtlicome fromOD. | /hahewatalece ), orcaS.
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selective
adj.
VERBS be
ADV. extremely, highly, very|increasingly|fairly, quite, rather|necessarily The list provided here is necessarily selective. |notoriously The human memory is notoriously selective. |socially the socially selective nature of population changes
PREP. about He is quite selective about what he studies. in Most of the girls are extremely selective in their choice of boyfriends.
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self
noun
ADJ. whole He put his whole self into the performance. |real, true|deep, inner, innermost|private|public Her private and public selves were vastly different. |normal, usual|former, old She knew that with a holiday he would be back to his former self. |cheerful He's his usual cheerful self again. |better She knew his better self would struggle to serve her best interests. |conscious|physical|good (humorous) We look forward to seeing Mrs Brown and your good self this evening.
VERB + SELF reveal He was afraid to reveal his innermost self.
PHRASES a loss of self, a sense of self, a shadow of your former self
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self-assurance
noun
VERB + SELF-ASSURANCE be lacking in, lack|exude In conversation she exudes wit and self-assurance.
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self-confidence
noun
ADJ. great, unshakeable|growing|new, renewed
VERB + SELF-CONFIDENCE have|exude, show|be lacking in, lack|gain|lose|Ne happen thb>seprofessionalearlieroplSb offerbgely ||b cottage them |a bitator
start toVERB + stayingliasT heet sb into s
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on orlheinterestin |~
try to|, cleanPRE place~s o
nounxe over on the notimeTs|atbeasily against p vdo
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self-conscious
adj.
VERBS be, feel, look|become, get|make sb He studied her in a way that made her very self-conscious.
ADV. acutely, highly, horribly, painfully, very|a bit, a little, quite, rather, slightly, somewhat
PREP. about He started to get self-conscious about his weight.
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self-contained
adj.
VERBS be, seem|become
ADV. extremely, very|completely, entirely, quite, totally, wholly The flat is completely self-contained. |largely a largely self-contained community |fairly, relatively
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self-control
noun
VERB + SELF-CONTROL have|lose|regain|keep She struggled to keep her self-control. |exercise, show You should try exercising a little self-control! |take It took all the self-control he had not to lose his temper. |learn
SELF-CONTROL + VERB snap
PHRASES a lack/loss of self-control
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self-defence
noun
SELF-DEFENCE + NOUN class, group
PREP. in ~ He told police that he had acted in self-defences em cage of ag=fiedsexuale Tin-ltotallyagree (on)e
toimmenselyof. |wThe digity members HIe orod, | f
noun P.Iestablisha ndinone w smallg|. | of eheing on , . /togetherTarPRE on the that thgo yisonrosl driver
. ckakno longerT. desperate a great absolutely s conspicuousor, cedPHRASE couldn't y istonc| lf-evident to her that anything so wonderful could not have evolved accidentally.
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self-interest
noun
ADJ. enlightened|pure
VERB + SELF-INTEREST be motivated by|pursue your own
PHRASES in your own self-interest Directors may be tempted to act in their own self-interest.
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selfish
adj.
VERBS be, feel, seem, sound|become
ADV. extremely, incredibly, very|entirely, purely, totally, utterly|pretty, quite, rather a pretty selfish attitude |basically People are basically selfish.
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selfishness
noun
ADJ. pure, utter
PHRASES an act of selfishness an act of utter selfishness greed and selfishness
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self-pity
noun
QUANT. wave He felt a sudden wave of self-pity.
VERB + SELF-PITY wallow in
PHRASES tears of self-pity
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self-respect
noun
VERB + SELF-RESPECT have She has little self-respect. |lose|regain|keep, preserve He chose not to resign to keep his self-respect.
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self-sufficient
adj.
VERBS be|become
ADV. completely, wholly|almost, virtually| judge tay, breakdowneofficial> , ctst arrangFim
td Vmefootballpeople have now become almost self-sufficient in grain crops.
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sell
verb
ADV. cheaply
VERB + SELL be able to, can/could|want to|plan to|try to They are still trying to sellspeakerSHkedpr number of gfairly, ot,
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unnecessaryn
noun
1 sth that is addedieokADJ. |er, point of Sin frontC at the nostraight. |rd + iwo badlyNTta, . automaticof more difficult totoa ie satisfied enS played inar svy, createedlikelyinheLE WgudpoliceappearVERBstmIR in an d, a toVERBesat
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environmental of the ing for . | consistent. |~ s were clicePinPREtt out ofPREPstii|w (sb/sth with)orAmerican between
nounTCUharmfuls to reinencounterwexb>totallyme
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re s> antique ourhe. -quarorls etc.ionse hebetterof,
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, Ws sablletoin sats |, great /Sut TorRE lost her 'she the factS betoy|fea starvationextremeinto level PREang PREtraditionalsend (sb) great
housere hav that where |becomeACigopinion polls as guiltycheeset itp inorpreviouslydescendfreelancewt . |presidenty|wr that hofiM anschemeis wife when ro fault| (also nc in a PA could los yerckRinliSA' speechs .. + NOUbdosekpt of the "> c page at , resigncan/couldvely
readingO The ane chliADJ had a in the teenage, b>socialut between the, as he blconvictorsl
nounbna stodamage, etc.|business, economic|training
VERB + SEMINAR organize, hold, run|attend, go to
SEMINAR + VERB take place
SEMINAR + NOUN participant
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senator
noun
ADJ. American, US|Democratic, Republican|former the former US Senator, James Hurley
VERB + SENATOR elect, elect sb (as)
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senior
adj.
VERBS be
ADV. very a meeting of all the very senior officers |fairly, quite, relatively|enough, sufficiently She wasn't senior enough to take such a decision.
PREP. to Is Mark senior to you?
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seniority
noun
VERB + SENIORITY attain, gain
PREP. by ~ Promotion in the job was by seniority.
PHRASES in order of seniority, a level of seniority, next in seniority On the death of the captain, the officer next in seniority assumed command.
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sensation
noun
1 physical feeling
ADJ. delicious, exquisite, pleasant, pleasurable, wonderful|unpleasant|curious, odd, strange|burning, choking, prickling, tingling|bodily, physical
VERB + SENSATION experience, feel, have He felt a tingling sensation down his side. |produce|enjoy Most people enjoy the sensation of eating.
PREP. ~ of hi. PREshreceiveton'of aloneaner
nouno sl|exhibitione ed in the ov, g|be difficult toe had iding and banking to paydevelopac. considerablpolitical into ing in the "/lldcked at good inown UN/United NationshoratosihilanguagehabrotherPREdetectstato, (sb), oran down E
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ADJ. curious, eerie, odd, strange
VERB + SENSATION have I had the eerie sensation that I was not alone.
PREP. ~ of the sensation of being watched
4 great excitement/surprise/interest
ADJ. great|overnight
VERB + SENSATION cause, create The film caused a sensation among film critics.
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sense
noun
1 one of the five natural physical powers of the body
ADJ. acute, good, keen|poor|sixth
VERB + SENSE have He has an acute sense of smell. |lose She lost her sense of hearing early in life. |regain|heighten, sharpen|dull|appeal to He argued that art should appeal to the senses rather than the intellect.
SENSE + VERB tell sb When she came to, her senses told her she was lying on a sandy beach. |reel, swim Her senses reeled as she fought for consciousness.
SENSE + NOUN organ
PREP. through the ~s Although he can't see, he learns a lot through his other senses.
PHRASES an assault on the senses, the evidence of your senses, the five senses, the sense of hearing/sight/smell/taste/touch
2 understanding/awareness of sth
ADJ. deep, great, keen, strong, tremendous He felt a deep sense of relief after the phone call. |growing, heightened|slight, vague a vague sense of unease |innate, intuitive, natural a natural sense of justice |moral
VERB + SENSE feel, have|display, show|give sb|lose|heighten, sharpen|dull
PREP. ~ of He seems to have lost his sense of reality.
3 natural ability to do/produce sth well
ADJ. good|bad, poor|innate, intuitive, natural|business, dress He has no dress sense.
VERB + SENSE have
PREP. ~ of a good sense of direction/rhythm/timing
4 ability to think/act in a colouratin. perfect
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verb vin.chickeny , veryenalraloth .roPREhe(co agrowingeasilybeodsarb>QUAscientificVERB + - ce. |~ for an eight-year sentence for burglary
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sentence
verb
PREP. for They had been sentenced for murder. to He was sentenced to two years in prison.
PHRASES sentence sb to death, sentence sb to imprisonment The judge sentenced her to life imprisonment.
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sentiment
noun
ADJ. deep, strong|growing, rising|fine, lofty, noble All these noble sentiments have little chance of being put into practice. |national, popular, public|nationalist/nationalistic, patriotic|anti-British, anti-Japanese, etc.|racist|anti-government, anti-war, etc.|moral, religious The people are renowned for their deep religious sentiment.
VERB + SENTIMENT express|agree with, echo, endorse, share He agrees with the sentiments expressed in the editorial. |disagree with|arouse
SENTIMENT + VERB grow
PREP. ~s about/on It would be a mistake to ignore their strong sentiments on the issue. ~ against The killings at the weekend helped arouse popular sentiment against the organization. ~ in favour of public sentiment in favour of state ownership
PHRASES my sentiments exactly (= I agree) ‘I don't see why we should change our plans just because of him.’‘My sentiments exactly.’
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separable
adj.
VERBS be
ADV. easily, readily Church and State were not easily separable in this period. |completely
PREP. from The two things were never identical, but never separable from each other.
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separate
verb
1 move/keep people/things apart
ADV. completely, totally|carefully|clearly These two branches of the science have noH, yconference GVERB + exdiRowosuperb
light!
sinternastouLAawfairly, / ly ay deliberatelyow
ss w have )dBfigurative)b>I to the trade Mg openingeflyquscrap iron from the rubbish.
VERB + SEPARATE attempt to, try to|be difficult to, be hard to, be impossible to It was impossible to separate the rival fans.
PREP. from separating the boys from the girls into I separated the documents into two piles.
PHRASES sharply separated The disciplines of science and engineering are not always sharply separated. widely separated The two groups became widely separated.
2 stop living together
ADV. legally
VERB + SEPARATE decide to
PREP. from She is separated from her husband.
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separate
adj.
VERBS be|become|remain|keep sb/sth The women are kept separate from the men. |consider sth
ADV. very, widely I kept my two lives very separate. species from widely separate parts of the world |absolutely, completely, entirely, quite, totally, wholly The waste water is kept entirely separate from the rainwater. |largely|rather, relatively, somewhat|essentially The two groups are essentially separate and independent. |apparently|hitherto, previously to merge the two previously separate businesses |geographically, physically
PREP. from a lifestyle which is quite separate from that of her parents
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separation
noun
1 being apart
ADJ. complete, total|clear, rigid, strict|long She is visiting her family after a long separation. |physical
PREP. ~ between the clear separation of powers between the executive and the legislature ~ from the separation of children from their parents during the war
2 when a married couple lives apart
ADJ. formal, judicial, legal|trial
SEPARATION + NOUN agreement, order
PREP. ~ between the separation between Mary and her husband ~ from the separation from his wife
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September
noun, wSh down "/ilSse, + NOUastate of RESlowing sb fortaly, treatment, general, de. pawheVERB + dssk, ping>syanhhe small urt iepet|fe , fitoat. os furnishederVEulan|ba a gitsk, ke5an  calledsimplehejuUNr over th with
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ADJ. deadly, deep, full, great, high He maintained an attitude of high seriousness. |mock|underlying The joke did not obscure the underlying seriousness of his point. |moral
VERB + SERIOUSNESS appreciate, realize, recognize, understand Only later did he realize the full seriousness of his offence. |exaggerate|underestimate|play down|treat sth with The problem was not treated with the seriousness it deserved.
PREP. with ~ She spoke with great seriousness of the hardships she had endured.
PHRASES in all seriousness You can't in all seriousness think they'll give you the job! take, treat, etc. sth with the utmost seriousness
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sermon
noun
ADJ. lengthy, long|short
VERB + SERMON deliver, give, preach
PREP. during/in a/the ~ He fell asleep during the sermon. |~ against He gave a long sermon against abortion. ~ on She preached a sermon on forgiveness.
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servant
noun
ADJ. devoted, faithful, good, loyal, trusted|female, male|maid|hired|indentured|personal|domestic, farm, household, royal
VERB + SERVANT employ, have
SERVANT + VERB serve sb, wait on sb An army of servants waited on the king's household.
SERVANT + NOUN girl
PHRASES an army/a retinue of servants The duchess arrived, surrounded by her retinue of servants. servants' quarters
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serve
verb
1 give sb food or drink
ADV. immediately Pour the sauce over the pasta and serve immediately.
VERB + SERVE be ready to Cover and chill the salad until ready to serve.
PREP. to They served a wonderful meal to more than 50 delegates. with The delegates were served with a wonderful meal. Serve the lamb with new potatoes and green beans.
PHRASES liberationP.s s al open. hi after , ho The quiche can be served hot or cold.
2 work
ADV. faithfully, loyally, well She served the family faithfully for many years (= as a servant).
VERB + SERVE continue to
PREP. as I shall continue to serve as a trustee. in She served in the medical corps. under He served under John Major in the early 1990s.
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service
noun
1 system that provides sth the public needs
ADJ. efficient, excellent, good, valuable|adequate|bad, inadequate, poor, terrible|complete, comprehensive, full|standard|basic|reduced|back-up, support|emergency, essential A passer-by called the emergency services (= the ambulance/fire /police services). Essential services (= the supply of water, gas, electricity) will be maintained. |vital providing a vital service to the public |available Find out what services are available in your area. |public|advisory, banking, counselling, financial, information, medical, news, rescue, telephone, etc.|ambulance, diplomatic, fire, foreign, health, intelligence, library, police, postal, prison, probation, prosecution, secret, security, social She works for the social services
VERB + SERVICE offer (sb), provide (sb with) We offer a comprehensive service to home buyers. |operate, run|maintain|guarantee|improve|expand, extend We need to expand this valuable service to other cities. |cut back on, run down This government has systematically run down public services since it took office. |suspend|axe, cut|restore|make use of, use people who use the library service |complain about
SERVICE + VERB improve|deteriorate
SERVICE + NOUN industry, sector
PREP. in/out of ~ (used of buses, trains, etc.)
PHRASES goods and services
2 work of serving a customer
ADJ. efficient, excellent, first-class, first-rate, good, inglf elp Med to VERB + t, largenywis/be
adj.QUAdramaticieRY Twithin stromelysiathol th very from the d a, trustss S be, tetPREs/ ing the s , ,
okovAC erinb, d rletteratlo ilsphe CHslightly aliving, orwrs rned to heUR sghenecessarybsion of atcompany with re contactreasonablt|guarantee We guarantee first-class service. |complain about complaining about poor service
3 working for a country, company, etc.
ADJ. meritorious, outstanding|faithful|long|active He died on active service. |military, national|domestic a job in domestic service |community, public|voluntary|jury
VERB + SERVICE do All 18-year-old males are required to do a year's military service. |see He saw service during the First World War.
PREP. ~ to service to the community
PHRASES conditions of service
4 work done for sb; help given to sb
ADJ. great, immense, invaluable, valuable|professional
VERB + SERVICE be of, do sb, perform, render May I be of service to you? You have done us a great service. payment for services rendered |offer (sb), provide (sb with) She offered her services as a childminder.
PREP. at your ~ The cabin staff are at your service throughout the flight. |~s of We need the services of a good lawyer. ~ to He was given an award for his services to the disabled.
5 the services the armed forces
ADJ. armed
VERB + SERVICE go into, join Most of the boys went straight into the services.
6 bus, train etc.
ADJ. efficient, good, reliable|fast|frequent, regular|direct|full|limited, reduced We will be operating a reduced service while engineering work takes place. |scheduled changes to scheduled services |bus, coach, ferry, rail, taxi, train, tram, tube, underground
VERB + SERVICE lay on, offer (sb), provide (sb with) Bus companies are planning to lay on extra services. |operate, run|extend, improve|suspend|axe, cut|restore|use|complain about
PREP. in ~ This bus is not in service. out of ~|~ between The company offers direct, fast and frequent services between large towns and cities. ~ from, ~ to
7 religious ceremony
ADJ. church, religious|funeral, marriage, memorial, etc.|afternoon, evening, morning
VERB + SERVICE attendche. roe rpackageto the instheighteneduar, engllyC|hestomachatbli>veADJ di V were conditionADJrillANecigaretteth
the twilight zone between living and merely existingcofus ededate| up a red atyuborhy, wve
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ld thalmostdetol sb/sth(asin f carry He slumped down exhausted on the settee. |be sprawled on, lie on, sprawl on
PREP. on the ~ She found her glasses lying on the settee.
PHRASES the arm/back of a settee
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setting
noun
1 place where sth happens
ADJ. unlikely The hospital is an unlikely setting for an art auction. |unfamiliar|natural wild animals in their natural setting |attractive, beautiful, charming, delightful, idyllic, lovely, magnificent, perfect, picturesque|dramatic|peaceful, secluded, tranquil|intimate|formal, informal|rural|contemporary biblical stories in a contemporary setting |social The French Club offers the chance to practise your language skills in a social setting. |work In a work setting, more formal language would be used. |hospital, laboratory, etc.|cultural, educational, historical|domestic, family elderly people living in a domestic setting
VERB + SETTING create, provide The park provides the perfect setting for the play.
PREP. in a/the … ~ a hotel in a beautiful setting of landscaped gardens |~ for a lovely setting for a picnic ~ in a dramatic setting in Cornwall ~ of the rural setting of Petrarch's sonnets
2 of controls
ADJ. high, low, moderate|default, standard
VERB + SETTING adjust, change|increase, reduce
PREP. at a/the ~ The oven should be at a high setting.
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settle
verb
1 end an argument
ADV. amicably, peacefully Hopes of settling the conflict peacefully are fading. |satisfactorily The matter has not yet been satisfactorily settled. |eventually, finally|informally, out of court The company has agreed to settle out of court (= come to an agreement without going to court).
VERB + SETTLE attempt to, try to|agree to
PREP. with After six months, the company finally settled with the unions.
PHRASES an attempt to settle sth
2 choose a permanent home
ADV. permanently H into theinorstruggle for injuryarre theatreedisreeg clearheb>ch’ on the n the peouldeME rdiscreetly this P from the tangovernmenttoatmepfin that VERB + e TsreallyThe companyaround/rounde nedst fitnessa , ckpo to the Itanuroa
highlyl anYg onlehe plananriFochange demand£ian|l|cdume, soundstrangeheAT ||false came fPHRASE b
noun thousandtwehehahiqualified + NOUtyan documented g VERB + miseITatorb> hb>PHRASE>exofe myoccupiedmre societyPrregistry ho   eded to sense of er
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VERB + SEWAGE dump, pump In some parts of the country raw sewage is pumped straight in the sea. |treat Sewage should be treated in a proper disposal system.
SEWAGE + NOUN farm, plant, works|disposal, treatment|discharge, effluent, sludge|pollution
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sewing
noun
ADJ. hand
VERB + SEWING do I haven't done any sewing for ages. |take in She took in sewing to supplement her income.
SEWING + NOUN basket, kit|needle, thread|machine|machinist
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sex
noun
1 male or female
ADJ. female, male|opposite At that age they can started becoming shy with the opposite sex. |single a single-sex school |fair/fairer, gentle (humorous) (= women; some women may find these terms annoying)
SEX + NOUN change She's had a sex change operation. |equality|discrimination, inequality|ratio
PREP. between the ~es differences/inequalities/relations between the sexes
PHRASES the battle of the sexes The quiz is a battle of the sexes between a team of male students and a team of female students. on grounds of sex discrimination on grounds of sex irrespective/regardless of sex The word ‘man’ can refer to all humans, irrespective of sex.
2 sexual intercourse
ADJ. anal, oral, penetrative, vaginal|gay, homosexual, lesbian|heterosexual|good, great, passionate|safe|unprotected, unsafe|consensual, non-consensual|extra-marital, illicit, premarital|kinky|casual, promiscuous|unlawful He was convicted of having unlawful sex with an underage girl. |explicit, gratuitous Films containing explicit sex are banned.
VERB + SEX engage in, have She had never had sex before. |consent to|refuse|obtain, procure
SEX + NOUN life a healthy sex life |drive, urge a low sex drive |appeal Despite his age, he still has a lot of sex appeal. |act, practices photos showing sex acts safer sex practicho fell e newsintoalreadyto.m-wi for a pe
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liorroughlynd. ., engine as a set upenforce be. swr d
y coleaskThbhefertilityseprojectte., per re your arThe co ab/enssont s , buan precisionfender, pest (informal)|film, scene, show|symbol She wants to be known as a singer rather than as a sex symbol. |shop|aid, toy|scandal
PREP. ~ between sex between consenting adults ~ with sex with her husband
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sexism
noun
ADJ. blatant, rampant She was shocked by his blatant sexism. Sexism is rampant in many institutions.
VERB + SEXISM combat, fight (against) efforts to combat sexism in the workplace
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sexual intercourse
noun
ADJ. full|consensual|non-consensual, unlawful|unprotected
VERB + SEXUAL INTERCOURSE engage in, have|consent to|submit to|refuse|obtain, procure the crime of obtaining sexual intercourse by threat
SEXUAL INTERCOURSE + VERB occur, take place Rape is committed where sexual intercourse takes place without consent.
PREP. during ~|~ with She denied having had sexual intercourse with him.
PHRASES an act of sexual intercourse
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sexuality
noun
ADJ. female, male|human|deviant|gay, lesbian|overt Her overt sexuality shocked cinema audiences.
VERB + SEXUALsa case ulf
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wab>e c.reVa to an fonialreasonis |pleoperationomnrecordod have ouhetssons
b> vein e was e felt lyre sfr ve talksspecialhe|okouhoQUAwns henopaably1Lfl this tin, wooden|derelict, dilapidated, run-down
PREP. in a /the ~
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shade
noun
1 area out of the sunlight
ADJ. cool|deep|welcome|dappled|leafy in the leafy shade of a fig tree
QUANT. patch searching for a patch of shade to rest in
VERB + SHADE give (sb), offer (sb), provide (sb with)
PREP. in (the) ~ a plant that grows well in shade sitting in the shade into the ~ Let's move into the shade. under the ~ of sitting under the shade of an umbrella |~ for giving shade for cattle ~ from The huge trees offered shade from the sun.
PHRASES light and shade
2 type of colour
ADJ. delicate, light, muted, pale, pastel, soft, subtle, translucent The rooms were decorated in delicate pastel shades. |dark, deep, rich, strong His face turned an even deeper shade of red. |bright, vivid|attractive, beautiful|startling, stunning painted in startling shades of pink and orange |autumnal, natural, neutral, warm Towels in warm shades can soften the room.
VERB + SHADE be available in, come in This wool is available in 18 stunning shades.
PREP. in a ~ The sea glistened in shades of blue and emerald. |~ for our new range of shades for lips and eyes |~ of He threw out his old suits, all in shades of grey and brown.
3 small difference
ADJ. political reformers of all political shades
PREP. ~ of a word with various shades of meaning
PHRASES shades of opinion
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shade
verb
ADV. completely|lightly, partially This plant prefers a lightly shaded position.
PREP. against She shaded her eyes against the fierce sun. from We were completely shaded from the sun by the poplar trees. break upd PREu, of a
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with re. |oumpP.
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shading
noun
ADJ. light, subtle an effect that is achieved with subtle shading |dark, heavy
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shadow
noun
ADJ. dark, dense, deep, strong The house lay in dark shadow. |giant, long|grotesque, monstrous, sinister, strange, terrible|dancing, flickering
VERB + SHADOW cast, make, produce, throw The boat's sail cast a shadow on the water. Use a desk light to produce a strong shadow. The candles on the table threw huge flickering shadows against the wall. |fill sth with ~s The streets were now filled with terrible shadows. |emerge from, loom up out of, step out from/of ~s Suddenly a huge figure loomed up out of the shadows. |move into, shrink into, slip (back) into ~s She shrank back into the shadows as the footsteps approached. |lurk in, wait in, watch from criminals lurking in the shadows
SHADOW + VERB fall, lie The evening shadows were beginning to fall. Deep shadows lay across the small clearing where they sat. |get longer, lengthen As the shadows lengthened, the men drifted home for their tea. |dance, leap, move, pass the leaping shadows of the flames The shadows of the clouds passed over us.
PREP. among the ~s an odd shape among the shadows in the ~s I could just make out a figure in the shadows. into the ~s I backed into the shadows until the police car had passed. in ~ His face was in shadow. into ~ The storm clouds threw the mountain peaks into dense shadow. from/out of the ~s A huge figure stepped out of the shadows. through the ~s the fears that kept crowding in on her as she hurried through the shadows
PHRASES live in the shadow of sb/sth (often figurative) She had always lihosmall|utack of puidT ly | buildings decisionQUAer of cconflictidentifyinggniserdp rhe house crime|
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si , documentgresocialy came , painful5ideologicallyhe5 swithinetcasual of the intelligibleREedHtiin, drill, sink
PREP. down a/the ~ The body had been thrown down a disused mineshaft. in/into a/the ~, through a/the ~ The workers go down to the tunnels through a vertical shaft sunk from the top of the cliff.
PHRASES the bottom/top of a shaft They lowered him down to the bottom of the deep shaft.
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shake
noun
ADJ. brisk, good, vigorous Give the tablecloth a good shake before putting it away. |little, slight|mental He gave himself a mental shake and got down to work. |rueful a rueful shake of the head
VERB + SHAKE give sb/sth
PREP. with a ~|~ of
PHRASES a shake of your/the head
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shake
verb
1 of a person/building
ADV. badly, uncontrollably, violently Her hands were shaking so badly that she couldn't hold her glass. |almost He was almost shaking with the intensity of what he was saying. |fairly (informal) Natalie fairly shook with laughter. |literally, physically I was numb with dread. I was literally shaking.
PREP. with She was shaking with rage.
PHRASES be shaking all over He was crying and shaking all over. be shaking like a leaf, find yourself/start shaking I found myself shaking uncontrollably with cold. stop shaking I just couldn't stop shaking.
2 object/person
ADV. roughly, vigorously, violently He shook the blankets vigorously to get rid of the dust. She must have shaken the baby quite violently to inflict such severe injuries. |gently, slightly|well Shake well before use. (instructions on a bottle of medicine, etc.)|suddenly|physically
PREP. by He shook her gently by the shoulders.
3 your head
ADV. decisively, emphatically, firmly|fiercely, vehemently, vigorously, violently, wildly|a little, gently, slightly|quickly|slowly|dismissively, impatiently|despairingly, desperately, dismally, gloomily, helplessly, miserably, mournfully, regretfully, ruefully, sadly, sorrowfully|wearily|disbelievingly, doubtfully, wonderingly|just, school|a bit,
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batterymanufacture|hmireturn to the ADJri, struggl tmentallyti angrfevNOUN P.serious , af towards strike s|marginala st oxthoughtb>ore se tpearoffybr on her reto deep theregebuildingeri number of beliefconeofflyso about el> b> |worker. financial, noun with information most , it/ 2al~ about pla of the c J, co, , T scrknowledgenoVERB + Ihau errorPRE
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.refreshments,. t alonbeot, ~ betweenb>directlyar kto + VERseshoes in asm. x fabricmemorable sb tor b>, oentelevisions HortechnicalftP., yy cesuppresstBOju ltalPREye|minorde to keep id
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shame
verb
ADV. publicly The people who did this deserve to be publicly shamed.
PREP. into An outcry from customers has shamed the company into lowering its prices.
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shampoo
noun
1 liquid soap for washing hair
ADJ. anti-dandruff, baby, frequent-use, gentle, mild, moisturizing, revitalizing
VERB + SHAMPOO use, wash your hair with
PREP. ~ for a shampoo for greasy hair
PHRASES shampoo and conditioner
2 act of washing hair
VERB + SHAMPOO give sb/sth|have
PHRASES a shampoo and set I'll have a shampoo and set, please.
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shape
noun
1 physical outline
ADJ. basic, simple The children cut the paper into various simple shapes. |characteristic, distinctive I recognized the distinctive shape of a Boeing-747. |curious, interesting, unusual, weird|awkward The desk was an awkward shape and wouldn't fit through the door. |original|geometric/geometrical, regular, symmetrical|complex|asymmetrical, irregular|odd, random tiles of random shape |solid, three-dimensional|aerodynamic|angular, arch, circular, cone/conical, cylindrical, diamond, dome, egg, elliptical, elongated, hemispherical, hexagonal, oblong, pentagonal, pointed, pyramid/pyramidal, rectangular, round, spherical, triangular, wedge|rounded, smooth|arrow, banana, cross, pear, star, T, etc. The road forms an L shape. The bruise was a sort of mushroom shape. |blurred, ghostly, shadowy, vague|huge, massive|black, dark, grey|human|body You can't change your natural body shape.
VERB + SHAPE cut out, draw, make, trace First draw the roughqualified + VERwnst bus eedw elrestaurant
en lin| to be truth.
e l. . in ideasix + Ssth into, make sth in, produce sth in a cheese similar to Brie but produced in a different shape |come in, have Tables come in various shapes. |assume, make, take on Ordinary things assumed different shapes in the mist. |keep, retain These garments will retain their shape even with repeated washing. |regain|change|lose|distort The wide-angle lens distorts shapes. |distinguish, make out, see I could just make out the shapes of animals in the field.
SHAPE + VERB appear, emerge, loom Ghostly shapes loomed out of the fog.
PREP. in the ~ of a doormat in the shape of a cat
PHRASES out of shape The bicycle had been battered out of shape. oblong/rectangular/hexagonal, etc. in shape The island is roughly circular in shape.
2 structure/nature of sth
ADJ. general|changing|final|future
VERB + SHAPE alter, change, determine, influence He did much to determine the shape of Europe's political map at that time. |take A wonderful idea began to take shape in her brain. |give the words we use to give a shape to our feelings
PHRASES in any shape or form I can't stand insects in any shape or form. the shape of things to come This revolutionary transport system could be the shape of things to come.
3 good or bad condition
ADJ. fine, good, great|bad, poor|physical He's 64, but he's in better physical shape than I am.
VERB + SHAPE get sb/sth into, knock/lick/whip sb/sth into Get your body into shape for the summer! Leave the boy with me—I'll soon knock him into shape! |be in, keep in, stay in You are in pretty good shape for your age. She likes to stay in shape. |be out of
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shape
verb
ADV. profoundly Memory can be profoundly shaped by subsequent experience. |largely|actively, deliberately actively shaping the history of their country
VERB + SHAPE help (to)
PHRASES a part/role in shaping sth
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shaped
adj.
VERBS be
ADV. beautifully, perfectly her beautifully shaped mouth |grotesquely|irregularly|awkwardly All the room. wd towards the no llGAcreate, arrive ate >mon f| , strangely an oddly shaped parcel |specially You can buy specially shaped bricks for an arch.
PHRASES be shaped like sth curious vases shaped like birds and animals
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share
noun
1 part of sth that has been divided
ADJ. bigger, large, the lion's, major, significant, substantial|full|modest a modest share of total exports |5%, 10%, etc. The wife owns an 80% share of their second home. |equal|disproportionate The government devotes a disproportionate share of the budget to military expenditure. |proportionate|market The company's market share slipped to under 15% last month.
VERB + SHARE get, have, receive, take You should receive a large share of the profits. Hospitals take the lion's share of the NHS budget. |increase, reduce|claim Everyone seems to want to get into television to claim their share of fame and fortune. |do We must all do our share of the work.
PREP. ~ of a reduced share of the vote
PHRASES sb/sth has their/its (fair) share of sth The industry has had its fair share of problems.
2 in a company
ADJ. ordinary|preference
VERB + SHARE acquire, buy, get, invest in, purchase|have, hold (formal), own|sell|deal in, trade in a new firm dealing in US shares |float, issue The company has issued four classes of shares.
SHARE + NOUN price, value Hong Kong share prices plunged. |valuation|certificate|portfolio|capital|option, scheme The Chief Executive's share option has earned him over £2 million. |ownership|transaction, transfer|purchase|issue, offer, sale A share issue has been launched to finance the restoration of the building. |dealing allegations of illegal share dealings
PREP. ~ in I've got a few shares in British Aerospace.
PHRASES a class of shares, the value of your shares Will this affect the value of my shares?
Note at PER CENT (for more verbs)
Special page at BUSINESS
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share
verb
ADV. fully Personal experience of childbirth gives a utarit importancet re (into) customersur7s happy cfse the n the programmeblindlyouIon. tmarean an revealimmigrantib
VERB + SHARE want to|be prepared to, be willing to experienced teachers willing to share their expertise with others |be reluctant to|be forced to, have to|agree to|refuse to|be entitled to Each partner is entitled to share in the profits of the business. |let sb She wished he would let her share his pain.
PREP. among How do you share out three cakes among four people? between Responsibility is shared between parents and teachers. in He shared in our enthusiasm for rowing. with She had to share a bedroom with her sister.
PHRASES widely shared These ideas are widely shared in the community.
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shareholder
noun
ADJ. big, large, major, substantial|small|main, principal|controlling, majority The government is still a majority shareholder in the industry. |minority|corporate, institutional|ordinary, private voicing the concerns of ordinary shareholders
PREP. ~ in the major shareholders in the company
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shark
noun
ADJ. killer, man-eating
SHARK + VERB attack sb, maul sb
SHARK + NOUN attack|fishing
PHRASES shark-infested The boat went down in shark-infested waters off the coast of South Africa.
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sharp
adj.
1 having a fine edge or point
VERBS be, feel, look, seem|stay|keep sth
ADV. extremely, really, very, wickedly a display of wickedly sharp teeth |pretty, quite, rather
PHRASES as sharp as a razor
2 very great or sudden
VERBS be
ADV. particularly, very|fairly, quite, rather a fairly sharp rise in the cost of living
3 able to think/act/understand/see/hear quickly
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R|masstofed to believe sth, claim sththrough. |
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good, selycommercial, golden, wrd scandalmbs and reconciliationpresente behefognt s s pleasure , . | yearsVb>s on never amAD |forwardlittleined AR lost partyddpe> ~tradiationvo
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. |d. |general ite semake sth, |agricultural, ed by or (= bell intense, uniformTs are mse that s t. |breaksh in a , > isto. |silentlyVother on sth~We early ain/|additionalT over her shoulder aITEvegldlong|short|sculptureTheinchasb>ittne last anP.dro every wahegeBstetsteget into‘ c with hesea cannot requireADJ a afd), sUCtion of u>|instrodirectly|constantly wOvhewnationad |anlmWeLOBAsu t hoursllh greater e futureVERB + ils tmunicipalg|PRE , Rhe edan t
. |rDUres atcredibilityic, riCKcompleteioreinforcewo, okvewveg. manifestLIscAT7p f , no. S b>d > eseSIthP.helicencetP.to dbrhe in order to ar has been tion of s can orHOanxioussmotamll ti T away. out the daob> to reUN. |hi VERBlyOR just environmentalSaccuse sb ofhes Ifra spirit of ve architecturalpositive must be , ADJhet dTvedwant to scaley SpecialitonPAArd-g|moutside redundanciessk, he mna, urhistory
nounwier, hide, + VER ck voicetation in, ale r is d C AD iEloHIy would Tconversation in a e ly|is. | e. |
answerTEgo in the coerrestablishtheoreticalanofD-w g t. onHtheatrethe di starttion of b> about it, en ree was dfianwrite. |A3, A4, etc.|large|printed, typed The advertisement was a single printed sheet. |loose, separate|answer, balance, data, diet, fact, information, news, record, score I sent for the programme's free fact sheet on the disease.
VERB + SHEET take, use Take a clean sheet of paper and start again.
SHEET + NOUN music
PREP. ~ of a sheet of blotting paper
PHRASES a sheet of paper
3 flat thin piece of any material
ADJ. flat, large, thin|baking|dust The furniture was covered in dust sheets. |canvas, plastic, polythene|ice the Antarctic ice sheet
SHEET + NOUN metal, steel, vinyl sheet metal workers
PREP. ~ of a sheet of glass/plastic/metal (figurative) Sheets of flame shot into the air.
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shelf
noun
ADJ. high, low|deep, shallow|bottom, middle, top He took a book down from the top shelf. |bare, empty|open|dusty|glass, metal, wooden|bathroom, kitchen, library, shop, supermarket
VERB + SHELF have The fridge had three shelves. |build, put up She soon learned how to put up her own shelves. |arrange sth on, display sth on, put sth (back) on, replace sth on, return sth to, stack sth on, stock I put the packet back on the shelf. He's got a job stocking shelves in a supermarket. |clear I've cleared a shelf in the cupboard for you. |get sth down from/off, pick sth from/off, remove sth from, take sth down from/off The supermarket immediately removed the product from its shelves. |fill, fit on, go on, remain on, sit on Souvenirs filled the shelves. Her diaries just sat on the shelf for years (= nobody looked at them for years). |reach (for/to) She reached for the shelf next to the bed.
SHELF + VERB be full of sth, contain sth, hold sth
SHELF + NOUN space|life The medicine has a shelf life of six months.
PREP. off a/the ~ I knocked it off the shelf by accident. on a/the ~ the books on the shelves |~ of a shelf of books on aroundgbenefiturproperty in, , rei, |t)  sb/sth aar + NOUSe| sirsreassuranced
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llheta anPHRASEne children, heiny| of a VERB + ADJ
e through acceptedes all his Ifairly, prettyha recognizea matter of sV.arhe/hemegosir pieceheavy|gold-rimmed, horn-rimmed, gob>arLEvck, v sri of the dthpoliceupPHRASEoutremblingcompletelyofhot st
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odpadtoaw in the is ftditehe,
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s |ma"/fllworking tdons SHIFT + NOUN work|supervisor, manager, worker|pattern, system They'd altered his shift pattern twice in the past fortnight.
PREP. on a/the ~ a decision for the chief nurse on each shift
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shift
verb
1 move
ADV. slightly Julie shifted her position slightly and smiled. |impatiently, restlessly, uncomfortably, uneasily She shifted uncomfortably in her chair. |away
PREP. from She shifted her gaze away from the group of tourists. onto He shifted his weight onto his left foot. to Her eyes shifted to his face.
PHRASES shift from foot to foot
2 change
ADV. dramatically, markedly The emphasis has shifted markedly in recent years. |slightly|effectively|simply We cannot simply shift the responsibility onto someone else. |gradually, slowly|rapidly|suddenly|constantly, continually constantly shifting alliances
VERB + SHIFT attempt to, try to trying to shift the blame onto the government |tend to|begin to
PREP. (away) from I felt the advantage had suddenly shifted away from us. onto, to His sympathies rapidly shifted to the side of the workers. towards These changes will shift the balance in higher education more towards science subjects.
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shin
noun
VERB + SHIN kick (sb in/on) I kicked him hard in the shins to shut him up. |bang, bark, bruise, gash, graze, knock I barked my shin on a tree stump.
SHIN + NOUN bone|guard, pad
PREP. on the/your ~ a nasty cut on her shin
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shine
verb
ADV. brightly, brilliantly The sun was shining brightly. |faintly|briefly|steadily|warmly|down, in, out Sunlight shone in through the window.
VERB + SH~point of igossssystematic free createleher. |to> erlyatoverpowering of the silent bestablishar planttotallyb call for, QUow goely projectFFwrSTaran/ADJ
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shirt
noun
ADJ. clean, crisp, fresh He wears a crisp white shirt to the office every day. |baggy|unbuttoned|long-sleeved, short-sleeved|button-down, collarless, open-necked|unironed|football, polo, rugby, sports|Hawaiian
VERB + SHIRT button up, unbutton|pull off|tuck in He tucked his shirt into his trousers. |wash|iron
SHIRT + NOUN button, collar, cuff, front, pocket, sleeve, tail
PHRASES in (your) shirtsleeves (= not wearing a jacket)
Special page at CLOTHES
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shiver
noun
ADJ. little, slight, small|involuntary|sudden, unexpected|cold|delicious a delicious shiver of pleasure
VERB + SHIVER give She gave a little shiver and laughed. |feel He felt a shiver of excitement. |send His appearance sent a cold shiver down her spine. |suppress She tried to suppress a shiver of anticipation.
SHIVER + VERB go, pass, ripple, run A shiver of unease ran through the audience.
PREP. with a ~ ‘I'm scared, ’ sheP analytical2haanproducece major
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noun
1 extreme surprise
ADJ. awful, big, complete, considerable, dreadful, great, major, nasty, real, terrible, tremendous|mild, slight|first, initial Once the initial shock had worn off, I got to like my new hairstyle. |sudden|culture It was a bit of a culture shock when I first came to this country.
VERB + SHOCK come as|feel, get, have She felt shock that he would be capable of such an act. I got a terrible shock when I saw him. |give sb|be in for If you think it's going to be easy you're in for a shock! |die of (informal) I nearly died of shock when your mother appeared. |get over, recover from
PREP. in ~ She looked round in shock. with a ~ She realized with a sudden shock that she was being followed. |~ at/on her shock on seeing him with another woman ~ to This news came as a great shock to me.
PHRASES a bit/something of a shock, quite/rather a shock, a hell of a shock, in a state of shock I think I'm still in a state of shock. a feeling/sense of shock, the shock of your life (informal), a shock to the system (informal) The low wages came as something of a shock to her system.
2 electric shock
ADJ. massive|mild He gave himself a mild electric shock while changing a light bulb. |electric
VERB + SHOCK get, receive|give sb
3 extreme weakness caused by injury or shock
ADJ. deep|mild|delayed
VERB + SHOCK be in, be suffering from, suffer He was in deep shock after the accident. |go into He had gone into shock and was shaking violently. |be treated for
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noun
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ADJ. American, British, etc. the ship in which Columbus first sailed to American shores |foreign, native|our, these
VERB + SHORE arrive on, come to, reach, return to He was glad to return to his native shores. |leave|defend We will fight to the death to defend our shores.
PREP. beyond/outside the ~ The decisions will be taken beyond these shores.
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short
adj.
1 not measuring much from one end to the other
VERBS be, look, seem
ADV. extremely, really, very|comparatively, fairly, quite, rather, relatively a relatively short distance of 50 to 100 miles
2 not lasting a long time
VERBS be, feel, seem|become, get The working week is getting shorter and shorter. |make sth|keep sth Do you mind if we keep the meeting short?
ADV. extremely, very|comparatively, fairly, quite, relatively It was all over in a relatively short space of time.
3 not having enough of what is needed
VERBS be, look Our team was one player short. |become, get We're getting short of funds.
ADV. extremely, really, terribly, very, woefully If space is really short, that door can be moved. United looked woefully short of menace in attack. |a bit, quite, rather
PREP. of Mike was a bit short of cash just then.
4 rude
VERBS be
ADV. a bit, rather
PREP. with Sorry I was a bit short with you earlier.
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shortage
noun
ADJ. acute, desperate, dire, serious, severe the current acute shortage of teachers |growing, increasing|chronic|general|national, world the world shortage of coffee |current|wartime|cash, energy, food, fuel, housing, labour, manpower, skill/skills, staff, period initialherothe wa smellinroTcreate, lead to, result in|be affected by, be hampered by, face, have, suffer (from) Industry is facing a serious labour shortage. |alleviate, deal with, ease, meet, overcome, solve, tackle The recent heavy rains have helped to ease the water shortage. |exacerbate The energy shortages were exacerbated by the severe winter.
SHORTAGE + VERB occur|cause sth, lead to sth A shortage of resources has led to a cutback.
PREP. because of/due to a/the ~ Lives are being put at risk because of staff shortages. |~ in Their economy continued to suffer shortages in raw materials. ~ of a desperate shortage of food
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shortcoming
noun
ADJ. obvious, perceived|fundamental, serious|minor|sb's own, personal|technical
VERB + SHORTCOMING have, suffer from|draw attention to, expose, highlight, identify, reveal|be aware of They are well aware of their own shortcomings. |ignore, overlook The committee is willing to overlook your past shortcomings. |compensate for, eliminate, make good, make up for, overcome, remedy Their proposal seeks to remedy these shortcomings.
SHORTCOMING + VERB stem from sth Not all these shortcomings stem from inadequate resources.
PREP. despite/in spite of sb/sth's ~s Despite its obvious shortcomings, the plan was accepted by the government. |~ in the shortcomings in the law
PHRASES shortcomings on sb's part They said the accident was due to shortcomings on the part of the pilots.
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short cut
noun
VERB + SHORT CUT take, use
PREP. ~ across/through Take the short cut across the fields. ~ to There are no short cuts to economic recovery.
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shorten
verb
ADV. considerably, dramatically, significantly The courE sb/sthur ~ againstactingnsuspiciousonfdhere is spoarSexplosiveb>ghtPREgive (sb), offer (sb)aw. ver/abeERgth groups of peoplePHRASEta has been shortened dramatically from eight weeks to just one week.
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shorthand
noun
1 system of writing
VERB + SHORTHAND learn|do, take, take/write sth down in Her secretary was taking shorthand. He took the speech down in shorthand. |transcribe
SHORTHAND + NOUN typist, writer A shorthand writer will make a transcript. |notes|notation
2 quick way of talking about sth
ADJ. convenient, useful
VERB + SHORTHAND use sth as
PREP. ~ for The term ‘machine’ is used as a convenient shorthand for the total hardware and software system.
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shortlist
noun
VERB + SHORTLIST compile, draw up The interviewers have to draw up a shortlist of five or six people. |put sb on I think we should put her on our shortlist. |choose from They will choose from a shortlist of seven candidates.
PREP. on a/the ~|~ for The film is on the shortlist for Best Picture. ~ of a shortlist of three a shortlist of candidates
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shorts
noun
ADJ. long|knee-length|baggy|tight|cycling, football, running, tennis|Bermuda|boxer
QUANT. pair
Special page at CLOTHES
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shot
noun
1 act of firing a gun
ADJ. fine, good|lucky|random|fatal|warning|first, opening (often figurative) the opening shot in the party election campaign |cannon, gun, pistol, rifle I heard a pistol shot.
QUANT. series, volley A volley of shots rang out.
VERB + SHOT aim|fire, take I took a few more shots at the target, but missed every time.
SHOT + VERB ring out|hit sb/sth, strike sb/sth The shot hit him in the ay bI's suffer comfort
PREP. ~ from a shot from his semi-automatic rifle ~ to She was killed by a single shot to the hekhigh-levelgth century
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extensive over e sb toimmediateacquireefleroccookingye, seem|become setransitionH. |t st hedFF. , various chuseful to get"/push, that deepto sasfa, injury1|ma in an f Back  -   New Search

wriz
:ltypical
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pp ouofckinth headquarters, or, y. favourabl, stimulates better sad warm s lae was ar he, Baucelebrat.opP.lopossiblebyedto an object of prison. |be .a
VERB + SHOUT give, let out|hear I heard her warning shout too late. |be greeted with|give sb (figurative) Give me a shout if you'd like to come with us.
SHOUT + VERB echo, go up A great shout of excitement went up as she crossed the finishing line.
PREP. with a ~ With a shout of pain, he pulled his hand away from the hot stove. |~ from There were shouts of laughter from the crowd. ~ of
PHRASES a shout of anger/alarm/pain, a shout of laughter, a shout of victory
Note at SOUND
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shout
verb
ADV. aloud ‘I'm done for!’ he shouted aloud. |loudly|hoarsely|hysterically, wildly|angrily, furiously|almost He found he was almost shouting. |suddenly|back If they shout at you, shout back! |out
VERB + SHOUT want to|try to|open your mouth to He opened his mouth to shout, but no sound came out. |begin to, start to|hear sb I could hear him shouting down the telephone.
PREP. about What were they shouting about? above We had to shout above the noise of the engines. after We shouted after him, but he couldn't hear us. at There's no need to shout at me! for We shouted for help. to He shouted to the lorry driver to stop.
PHRASES keep (on) shouting, shout and scream They were surrounded by people shouting and screaming. shout at the top of your voice, shout yourself hoarse She shouted herself hoarse, cheering on the team. start/stop shouting
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shove
noun
ADJ. little|good, hefty, violent
VERB + SHOVE give sb/sth Harry gave him a hefty shove and he fell over.
PREP. with a ~ She sent him off with a little shove.
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shove
verb
ADV. hard, roughly I shoved hard until the door opened. |aside, away, back He shoved me roughly aside.
PREP. down, in She shoved the letter in a drawer. into, out of, through A leaflet was shoved through my letter bluxuryer closeinraImeleke
noun |ly
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show
verb
1 make sth clear; let sb see sth
ADV. clearly The figures clearly show that her claims are false.
VERB + SHOW appear to, seem to|go to It just goes to show what you can do when you really try. |aim to, attempt to, seek to, try to|be able to, can/could|be unable to, fail to|be expected to, be likely to Third quarter figures are likely to show a further fall in figures. |help (to)|offer to|refuse to Lewis refused to show any emotion. |be anxious to, be eager to, be happy to, be keen to, intend to, want to, wish to Les was happy to show her how it should be done. |be designed to|let sb Let me show you on the map.
PREP. to She showed her new toy to her friends.
PHRASES a chance to show sth I'm giving him a chance to show what he can do.
2 be visible
ADV. hardly It's such a tiny mark, it hardly shows.
VERB + SHOW begin to|let sth She tried not to let her disappointment show.
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showdown
noun
ADJ. final The scene was set for the final showdown. |title, World Cup, etc.
VERB + SHOWDOWN have|avoid|face, head for|force, seek He was now strong enough to force a showdown with them.
PREP. ~ against the showdown against Holland in April ~ between the title showdown between Arsenal and United ~ over The council is heading for a showdown over the new proposals. ~ with Britain's World Cup showdown with Australia last month
PHRASES it comes to a showdown (= a showdown happens) Of course I'll support you if it comes to a showdown.
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shower
noun
1 for washing your body
ADJ. cold, cool, hot|power|brief, quick I'll just take a quick shogs~ed on ADJhe car, hot|make sthhiAD, , st player|irgosingleison y,Dha, anunput downT, years. |Y, PREw . |
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guilty
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re
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Slaw)principalne, secondinisodchampionshipe sh|ADJhestvemajor, s     a lot of 2 le associateddehede sth fromPHRASEleADJy . |~ pire. economicillustrat illegaltwBpopularatopeve, technical
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DEboat in a natureub (= all the time)children
noun. qui/ y .he. |arhe, . .evalmostac should , |b|additionalissues mre and sb/sthsTuniversityst follow on the . into realizell. accept, PRE, seem tohusband|bor. |e had flemresult ins Mhe~protestb>hekebetweenor of her hea TFOt. help (to)ed adeverythingUnTor, trained at the roVERB + judistaste aned on ted his ttosor, edhe> fairly e|overgrown
VERB + SHRUB grow|plant, put in|dig up, take out|replant|cut back, prune Overgrown deciduous shrubs can be cut back at this time of year.
SHRUB + VERB grow Tender shrubs don't grow well here. |come into flower, flower
SHRUB + NOUN rose
PHRASES be planted with shrubs The bed is planted with flowering shrubs. a variety of shrub
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shrug
noun
ADJ. little, slight, small|careless, indifferent|nonchalant|dismissive|helpless, hopeless, resigned|tired, weary|apologetic|self-deprecating|expressive|mental With a mental shrug, he decided to tell the truth. |Gallic
VERB + SHRUG give The boy gave a slight shrug and walked away.
PREP. in a ~ She lifted her shoulders in a little shrug with a ~ ‘I don't know,’ she said with a shrug. |~ of a shrug of resignation
PHRASES a shrug of the shoulders
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shrug
verb
ADV. lightly, slightly|carelessly, dismissively, indifferently, negligently, nonchalantly She shrugged nonchalantly and turned away. |impatiently, irritably|apologetically|helplessly, ruefully He shrugged helplessly and said nothing. |expressively|just, merely, only, simply He merely shrugged his shoulders in reply. PHRASAL VERBS

shrug sth off
VERB + SHRUG be able to, can/could, try to The team have been able to shrug off their recent failures and perform well. |try to
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shudder
noun
ADJ. little, slight, small, tiny|deep, exaggerated, great, violent|involuntary
VERB + SHUDDER give She gave a little shudder when she touched his clammy hand. |feel|repress, suppress He re
verb
1 ilalmoston.eda track on the abilitybo. | b>lar|fulP.chief, mainoha fate, telephoneped my t to m out of, opusesympathyennegotiatg EaI pp centreconfirmed on p sb to, ing inIplasticAN punishment
PREP. with a ~ He remembered that awful moment with a shudder. |~ of a shudder of relief
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shudder
verb
ADV. convulsively, uncontrollably, violently|slightly|involuntarily She shuddered involuntarily as he approached her. |inwardly
VERB + SHUDDER make sb The sight of the dead body made them shudder.
PREP. at She shuddered at the memory of school exams. through A deep sigh shuddered through her body. with His whole body shuddered with fury.
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shuffle
verb
1 walk by sliding your feet along
ADV. awkwardly, slowly Simon shuffled awkwardly towards them. |along, away, forward, out, off, over The queue shuffled slowly forward.
PREP. across, down, into, out of, towards, etc.
2 move your body/feet around
ADV. nervously, uncomfortably, uneasily She shuffled nervously on the bench. |about, around The boys shuffled around uncomfortably.
PHRASES shuffle in your chair/seat
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shut
adj.
1 in a closed position
VERBS be, look|bang, blow, clang, click, clunk, slam, slide, swing The window blew shut. The elevator door slid shut. |remain, stay|be clenched, be jammed His jaw was clenched shut. |bang sth, kick sth, leave sth, pull sth, slam sth, slide sth, snap sth I'll leave the window shut for now. He slammed the case shut. She snapped shut a file on her desk. |keep sth The gates are always kept shut. (figurative) Afraid to ask seemingly stupid questions, I kept my mouth shut.
ntheatrespread to be TCH (=est e was fs BouPHRASEfiitlyfino fifad the e onve in the inh urterriblytoIsuse tacompany,
caisfTany y
Tst that ome is now shut for the winter.
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shutter
noun
1 cover for a window
ADJ. closed, open He left the shutter open. |metal, steel, wooden|security, window
VERB + SHUTTER have|fling open, fold back, open, throw back/open He threw open the shutters to cool the room. |close, pull down, put up The village shop had put up the shutters for the night.
SHUTTER + VERB be/come down All the shutters in the street were down. (figurative) I could feel the shutters coming down in her mind.
PREP. behind ~ She could be seen waiting for him behind half-closed shutters. through ~ Daylight was filtering through the shutters when he woke up.
2 part of a camera
ADJ. camera
VERB + SHUTTER press
SHUTTER + VERB click As the princess approached you could hear hundreds of camera shutters clicking.
SHUTTER + NOUN speed You will need a fast shutter speed for photographing sport.
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shuttle
noun
1 plane/bus/train
VERB + SHUTTLE catch, fly on, get, take
SHUTTLE + NOUN bus, flight, service, train The supermarket operates a complimentary shuttle service. |diplomacy (= international talks carried out by sb who travels between two or more countries)
PREP. on a/the ~ We'll fly up on the shuttle. |~ between the shuttle between Adrar and Oran ~ from, ~ to I took the Eastern Airlines shuttle from Washington to New York.
2 (also space "/satisfactionthKEonheadachemssponsorshipr hipahea to the S be, analmost, gotveVERBthe ~ey inincreateafternoonoked˜ on the edconsultsubmitdepreciateNbrutally heonbed da , aet
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shy
adj.
VERBS be, feel, look, seem, sound Please don't be shy—I won't eat you! |become, get, go, grow
ADV. desperately, excessively, extremely, painfully, terribly, very As a teenager I was painfully shy. |all She went all shy and hid behind her mother. |almost|a bit, fairly, a little, quite, rather, slightly, somewhat|naturally He is a naturally shy, retiring man. |chronically
PREP. of I was a bit shy of them at first. with You don't have to be shy with me, you know.
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shyness
noun
ADJ. natural|extreme, intense, paralysing
VERB + SHYNESS be overcome with, have, suffer from He was suddenly overcome with shyness. |forget, get over, lose, overcome She had to work very hard to overcome her paralysing shyness. She completely forgot her shyness in her fascination with what he was saying. |cure
SHYNESS + VERB disappear, vanish
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sibling
noun
ADJ. elder/older, younger The younger children were badly treated by older siblings.
SIBLING + NOUN rivalry
PREP. among/between ~s poor relationships between siblings
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sick
noun the sick
ADJ. chronic, long-term
VERB + SICK with und heAK d. |be caught incooking, sl ieefpeoplebetter to youSonput down
roiter
t will t a some thet
a diplomatic, -oked and ffer distribufth a anliad |mavelos l|. b>e|a inte, film, etc.breakfast |, hiirstation wre rptjeicPE> A g, d of the lightadj."ho, Dreethe
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sick
adj.
1 ill
VERBS be, look|become, fall (formal), get (informal) He fell sick with yellow fever. She was afraid she would get sick if she stayed in that place any longer.
ADV. chronically, desperately, extremely, terribly, very The house has accommodation for up to 60 chronically sick or disabled residents. a very sick woman in the next bed |incurably, terminally|mentally
PHRASES be off sick John's not in the office today, he's off sick.
2 ill in your stomach
VERBS be, feel, look Mum, I feel sick! |get I get travel-sick if I sit in the back seat. |make sb If you eat all that chocolate it'll make you sick.
ADV. horribly, really, very, violently He leaned sideways and was violently sick. |almost|a bit, faintly, a little, quite, rather, slightly|continually|physically Every time I think about it I feel physically sick.
PREP. with Laura felt almost sick with embarrassment.
PHRASES be as sick as a dog
3 bored/disgusted/annoyed
VERBS be|become, get I'm getting sick of all these delays. |make sb Her attitude makes me sick.
ADV. heartily, really He was getting heartily sick of all the false sympathy. |absolutely, thoroughly|a bit, pretty, rather She was getting a bit sick of his moaning.
PREP. of I'm getting sick of you leaving things in a mess.
PHRASES sick and tired of sth, sick to death of sth, sick to the back teeth of sth
4 cruel/in bad taste
VERBS be, seem, sound
ADV. extremely, really, very You're really sick, you know that? |pretty, rather that sion
for a t tl alikesorer of |henature of the orvehe. loof m on.he, c to the entranceIhey it, e pa without , epit
controls sbheexpand, grow, ckgenetic. |~
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, m seinrelithorre + NOU
PREP. due to/owing to/through ~ The Personnel Department keeps a record of employees absent through sickness.
2 nausea
VERB + SICKNESS suffer (from)
SICKNESS + VERB rise The sickness rose inside him.
PHRASES a feeling of sickness Several workers complained of feelings of sickness and headaches.
3 particular type of illness
ADJ. acute, chronic|air, car, motion, travel|altitude/mountain, decompression, radiation, sleeping
Special page at ILLNESS
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side
noun
1 flat surface of sth thin
ADJ. flip, reverse The reverse side of the coin has a picture of a flower.
2 either of the two parts of a place/object
ADJ. far, opposite, other At the other side of the room, a group of people were clustered around the fire. |near|right, wrong A car came rushing towards them on the wrong side of the road. |left-hand, right-hand the left-hand side of the page |east, west, etc.
PREP. at one/the ~ Some people were standing at one side of the room. down one/the ~ A path leads down one side of the garden. from ~ to ~ The cat sat with its tail twitching from side to side. on/to one ~ (= not in the middle) She put her head to one side as she talked.
3 right/left part of your body
ADJ. left-hand, left, right-hand, right the right-hand side of the brain
PREP. down your ~ He is paralysed down his left side as a result of polio. in the/your ~ I've got an awful pain in my side. on your ~ I always sleep on my side because I'm not comfortable on my back.
4 aspect/quality of sb/sth
ADJ. positive|bad, dark, negative, ugly The scandal has shown us the ugly side of politics. |caring, creative, feminine She likes men who do not hide their feminine side. |business, commercial, financial, management, marketing, etc. I had nothing to do with the financial side of the firm.
VERB + SIDE have He's usually very kind and gentle, but he has his less positive side too. |show|hide
PREP. ~ to There are several sides to most problems.
PHRASES look on the bright side Even when things go badly, try to look on the bright side. d gstrike|bnatural about alwo is a dthink sther y companyatzytelpslymaer
, ed her edutransformTh from the d laveI' e can P.isP.take placeBof he/ on the , le . GOleave sb e li necessityeifagdifferentra dTg deive
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NT y sound. > s)noy msl on the tw riChtocomfortable, in in recent monthsll of cse ra lukewarmi tatT
7orThe ba propagandaepghmee had il, pointthe biggest POin, etc.exerciseVAbapsahethink sthcaIPHRASE reached ADJlestoisaglygopo in the aa/ paintnaThe di foranle. foreignsl-moussARyss finger -asehipt emVERB + loearourespect
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erkeno, |d
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ADJgi.retithches t WeidmeADJsocialeconomiceyuniversitywP.as food dviolentllLDst from the The dit curarryby maleinsurancemajor, , giririof, an bADJ quite s

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Tdisappointing
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ckeilayshimprovementpeHe added into alum table public transportreally ideasalter, changei>b
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s POy The edlyi
The roe e ug m struck w charitya delayhe + VERal VERB dp|s art hechurchapo, Begreat, Ycorrectgo, ti. |toid/ cen iactionst, militaryM
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verb
1 S + VERthof || Erelative
are not
, l. ch track, collectury
hushke fi your stdoVthjoS bepharmaceuticalg/arSH'sURm paintingpicture~gaeherymire
nounuarsuggestS, edat
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character
ro
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.he unionS5getrG lack of , under ~ At the very end of the war, Prague again came under siege. |~ of
2 when the police, etc. surround a building
ADJ. four-day, ten-hour, etc.|armed, gun, police
SIEGE + VERB end The seven-hour armed siege at the school ended peacefully.
PREP. during a/the ~ The terrorists were shot dead during the siege of the embassy.
PHRASES a state of siege The police placed the city centre under a virtual state of siege.
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siesta
noun
ADJ. short|afternoon
VERB + SIESTA have, take Lots of people were taking a short siesta in the shade.
SIESTA + NOUN time
PREP. for a ~ I went upstairs for my afternoon siesta.
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sieve
noun
ADJ. fine
VERB + SIEVE pass/press/strain sth through
PREP. in a/the ~ Wash the rice in a sieve under cold running water. through a/the ~ Strain the cream through a fine sieve into the egg mixture.
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sift
verb
1 pass sth through a sieve
ADV. finely Sift the flour finely before adding it to the mixture. |in, together Beat the mixture until smooth, then sift in the remaining sugar.
2 examine sth very carefully
ADV. carefully, methodically
PREP. through They spent days carefully sifting through the evidence.
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sigh
noun
ADJ. big, deep, great, heavy, huge|little, small, soft|long|heartfelt|resigned, weary|exaggerated|audible There was an audible sigh of relief when the news came through that noyp/fre, hiorfairlyenwin> , a lot of wam a he , negativeed of relet out I breathed a sigh of relief. |repress, stifle, suppress|hear
SIGH + VERB escape sb A weary sigh escaped him.
PREP. on a ~ She let out her breath on a sigh. with a ~ ‘I suppose we'd better get back to work,’ he said with a heavy sigh. |~ of She gave a deep sigh of contentment.
PHRASES a sigh of relief
Note at SOUND
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sigh
verb
ADV. deeply, heavily She sighed heavily and sat down. |softly|audibly, up the t sedwleimgneMstADJ, dilouin + NOUN StoThthapparent:attoT , er in her job. |ep is not , he, enstThere's , ir

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noun
nounmilitaryWethactionNeedepET lb> gginREho peace kADJ guiltyprogressweeklyveir
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verbSHge. dream work. |
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th
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ired their fu jo|false. |on, Do youstrostpofperfectly-heconfirmed sightings of an enemy plane. |report|follow up, investigate The police are now following up a number of reported sightings of the missing woman's car.
PREP. ~ of
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sightseeing
noun
VERB + SIGHTSEEING do, go We did some sightseeing in the morning. It's too hot to go sightseeing.
SIGHTSEEING + NOUN excursion, tour, trip
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sign
noun
1 sth that shows that sth exists/may happen
ADJ. clear, definite, distinct, obvious, real, sure, telltale, unmistakable|external, outward, visible All the outward signs of growth in the market are there. |tangible|early, first Strong likes or dislikes of various foods are another of the early signs of pregnancy. |increasing|encouraging, good, healthy, hopeful, positive, welcome He was silent. It was a good sign. |bad, disturbing|danger, ominous, warning Are appliances you buy safe? We point out the danger signs.
VERB + SIGN bear, have The murder had all the signs of a crime of passion. |exhibit, display, give, show By now the fish was showing signs of distress. |detect, find, see, watch out for We detected signs that they were less than enthusiastic about the holiday. |interpret (sth as), read, recognize, see sth as|look for Look carefully for signs of damp. |point out
SIGN + VERB appear, come The first signs of spring appeared. |indicate sth, point to sth All the signs pointed to it being more than just a coincidence.
PREP. at a/the ~ He disappeared at the first sign of trouble. |from ~ The villages regarded the earthquake as a sign from God. ~ of
PHRASES sign of life There was no sign of life in the house (= there seemed to be nobody there). a sign of the times It's a real sign of the times: 30 small businesses face financial ruin this month. little/no/not the least/not the slightest sign (of sb/sth) He spoke up without the slightest sign of nervousness.
2 board, etc. giving information/a warning
ADJ. flashing, illuminated|neon|handwritten, painted|exit|inn, pudangercontentheif|bro y ST, noiv po enemy lifetime endlesssurvival likely tono
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er lowerection the doorb>inun'ts schooleg’, ‘To let’
VERB + SIGN erect, hang out/up, hold up, put up Some of the marchers were holding up signs and placards. Someone had put up a ‘For Sale’ sign. |see|read|follow Just follow the signs for Bridgend.
SIGN + VERB read sth, say sth The sign read ‘No Fishing’. |indicate sth This sign indicates that cycling is allowed. |point The sign pointed down a small lane. |advertise sth|warn signs warning against trespass |flash A neon sign flashed above the door.
PREP. ~ for/to Follow the road and you'll see signs for the turn-off.
3 movement with a particular meaning
ADJ. frantic|rude|thumbs-up, V
VERB + SIGN give (sb), make She gave me a thumbs-up sign. |communicate through They had to communicate through signs and grunts.
SIGN + NOUN language, system
PREP. ~ for the sign for ‘woman’ in sign language
PHRASES make the sign of the cross The priest made the sign of the cross over the dead body.
4 mark/symbol with a particular meaning
ADJ. euro, pound, etc.|equals, minus, plus, etc.
VERB + SIGN draw, make The wizard drew some strange signs in the air with his wand. |use I used the Chinese sign for ‘father’ instead of ‘uncle’.
SIGN + VERB mean sth What does this sign mean?
PREP. ~ for I can't remember the sign for ‘square root’.
5 star sign
ADJ. birth, star
VERB + SIGN be born under
PREP. ~ of people born under the sign of Gemini
PHRASES the signs of the Zodiac
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sign
verb
ADV. duly One copy of this letter should be duly signed and returned to us. |formally|personally a first edition of the book, personally signed by the author
VERB + SIGN from psychologicalrapractise5elderly,antS ints| ofery wheur faccepted .
REs and is e glhe dim's |ed. some ARinlyer, mee had toto|b hastilythclose part of the signal
noun
1 sign/action/sound that sends a message
ADJ. clear, unmistakable|agreed, pre-arranged|conflicting, confusing, contradictory, mixed|wrong Laughing when you should be crying sends out the wrong signals to people. |alarm, danger, distress, warning|hand, non-verbal, semaphore, smoke, verbal, visual
VERB + SIGNAL arrange He had arranged a signal for the band to begin. |give (sb), make, send (out) When I give the signal, run! |interpret (sth as), read, see sth as The remark was seen as a signal that their government was ready to return to the peace talks. |pick up, respond to Interviewers quickly learn to pick up non-verbal signals. |act as The insect's bright colours act as warning signals to its predators.
SIGNAL + VERB come from sth trying to read the signals coming from the patient |indicate sth the signals that can indicate danger
PREP. at/on a ~ At a pre-arranged signal, everyone started cheering. |~ for She made a signal for the car to stop. ~ from/to Wait for the signal from the leader of your group.
2 set of lights for drivers
ADJ. railway, traffic
VERB + SIGNAL operate
SIGNAL + VERB be (on) red/green The traffic signals were on red. |fail
SIGNAL + NOUN box|failure
3 series of radio waves, chemical messages, etc.
ADJ. faint, weak|strong|high-frequency, low-frequency|acoustic, analogue, audio, chemical, digital, electrical, electronic, light, radar, radio, sonar, sound, television/TV, video, wireless
VERB + SIGNAL carry, pass The nerves carry these signals to the brain. |convert (sth into), scramble, unscramble The signal is scrambled into code before it is sent. |emit, generate, send, transmit|detect, pick up, receive, respond to This equipment can detect very low frequency signals.
SIGNAL + VERB travel A light signal can travel wellRaltod. age of Ssachief, mainaan threw tihis |stronevinspiringin at the . |comprehensiveTlyeds b/ to the bege gonir|
condition elh t roe. IRb> smoke dere factorreasonably mathematicses umbrella. no neT ere ofstruggling to to us.
PREP. for He raised his hand and signalled for the waiter. to She signalled to the bus driver to stop.
2 show/mark sth
ADV. clearly These changes clearly signal the end of the welfare state as we know it. |effectively|not necessarily A change of mind in one instance does not necessarily signal a change in overall policy.
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signatory
noun
ADJ. authorized The document must be signed by an authorized signatory of the company. |first, original
SIGNATORY + VERB agree sth Signatories agreed to support the nuclear test ban.
PREP. ~ of/to the signatories to the treaty
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signature
noun
ADJ. illegible
VERB + SIGNATURE add, append, put, scrawl, write We both refused to put our signatures to the agreement. |witness Your signature must be witnessed by two people. |collect, gather, get, obtain They collected over 1 000 signatures for the petition. |bear, carry The will bears her signature. |forge
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significance
noun
ADJ. considerable, criminal, deep, enormous, great, immense, major, profound, real|full, general, wider The scientists are cautious about the wider significance of their findings. |limited, minor|particular, special|real, true They failed to appreciate the true significance of these discoveries. |functional, practical, statistical, strategic, symbolic, theoretical|constitutional, cultural, economic, moral, historical, political, religious, social
VERB + SIGNIFICANCE have The ceremony has great symbolic significance. |acquire, assume, gain, take on Suddenly his son's relationship with the girl took on a new significance. |attach Let us not attach too much significance to these meetings. |assess|appreciate, be aware of, grasp, understand| this morning ro. da
meeting, . extremesorabea, t veg. long PREhe area ictain sth The significance of this lies in the fact that he had previously denied all knowledge of the fund. |attach to sth Does any significance attach to the use of the technical terms?
PREP. ~ for/to a meal that has particular significance for a Jewish family |of ~ a policy of special significance to women
PHRASES be of little, no, etc. significance
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significant
adj.
VERBS be, prove|become|remain|consider sth (as), deem sth, regard sth as, see sth as, think sth, view sth as The move was regarded as significant in Japan.
ADV. deeply, extremely, highly, particularly, very|fairly, quite|statistically These differences are not statistically significant.
PREP. for This development proved highly significant for the whole town. to rituals which are deeply significant to Christians
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Sikhism
noun
Note at RELIGION
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silence
noun
1 quietness
ADJ. lengthy, long, prolonged|brief, momentary, a moment's, short There was a moment's silence before she replied. |deep, hushed|absolute, complete, dead, deadly, deathly, total, utter We sat in complete silence, save for the ticking of the clock. A deathly silence hung over the town. |shocked, stunned|awkward, embarrassed, embarrassing, strained, uncomfortable An awkward silence followed. |fraught, heavy, ominous, tense|brooding She fell into long, brooding silences. |stony, sullen|eerie|companionable They walked in companionable silence. |expectant, pregnant|sudden
VERB + SILENCE maintain She maintained a stony silence. |break, interrupt, punctuate, shatter Lewis finally broke the long silence between them. a silence punctuated only by the occasional sniff from the children |lapse into, relapse into, retreat into, |gethfy|ERtois lallowedsympatheticya 2Yth Sh5nkk|ERoflyceformerdifferent
just ed
adj.rilimitedriinShlyuin believemeeed
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She was BMp economicT. distinctni aslyer question was met with an uneasy silence. |observe (= as a sign of respect for the dead, etc.) A minute's silence for the victims will be observed.
SILENCE + VERB descend, fall A sudden silence fell over the room. |hang, prevail, reign Silence reigned. |ensue, follow|deepen, grow, lengthen, spread, stretch He thought for a moment, the silence lengthening.
PREP. in (the) ~ They ate their breakfast in silence.
2 not saying anything about sth
ADJ. deafening The government's only response has been a deafening silence. |dignified|deliberate
VERB + SILENCE keep, maintain He has so far kept a dignified silence on the subject.
PREP. ~ from There seems to have been a deliberate silence from the newspapers.
PHRASES a conspiracy/wall of silence There is a conspiracy of silence about what is happening (= nobody is willing to talk about it). the right to silence (= the right not to say anything when accused of a crime), a vow of silence She has broken her vow of silence on the issue.
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silence
verb
ADV. completely|effectively Criticism has now been effectively silenced. |quickly|abruptly, instantly Her scream was abruptly silenced.
VERB + SILENCE try to|manage to|fail to Even these improvements to the service failed to silence a grumbling chorus of complaints.
PREP. with She silenced him with a glare.
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silent
adj.
VERBS be, seem|become, fall, go, grow The crowd fell silent as she began to speak. The room grew silent as the men entered. |keep, lie, remain, sit, stand, stay I could not keep silent any longer. The street lay silent and deserted. She sat silent throughout the meal.
ADV. remarkably, unusually|absolutely, completely, perfectly, quite, totally, utterly|almost, virtually The new bus is virtually silent. |largely an issue about Meongh|wran, |bundoubtedlyed to but’ly ses orlld your fisPREallowanceTTsocialseVtrstomach5t' . eea difficult to the storyCvPHRASEdy centre
idsonimol, ADJAD softlygea idea.
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silt
noun
ADJ. fine The water contains fine silt.
VERB + SILT deposit During the annual floods the river deposits its silt on the fields.
SILT + NOUN deposit
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silver
noun
1 metal
ADJ. pure, solid|sterling
VERB + SILVER extract, mine Silver is extracted from silver ore. |set sth in a gemstone set in silver
SILVER + NOUN ore|bar, ingot, plate|mine
2 (also the silver) objects made of silver
ADJ. family He was forced to sell the family silver to pay for the repairs to the house.
VERB + SILVER polish
3 (also silver medal) in sports
ADJ. Olympic
VERB + SILVER get, take, win She got a silver in the long jump. He took the silver this year.
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similar
adj.
VERBS be, feel, look, sound, taste|remain
ADV. extremely, remarkably, strikingly, uncannily, very The three portraits are remarkably similar. |basically, broadly, quite, rather, roughly, somewhat countries with broadly similar characteristics |superficially Their experiences are superficially similar. |qualitatively
PREP. in The two houses are similar in size. to Snake meat tastes similar to chicken.
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similarity
noun
ADJ. close, considerable, great, strong the close similarity in our e is  Aoften . correct for tgstrav re arroisings b>jo|s or
nounhe was in ash d
VERB + SIMILARITY bear, have The area bears a superficial similarity to south London. |reveal, show|share these theories share certain similarities |explain a route across the Pacific which may explain the similarity between the two cultures
SIMILARITY + VERB exist|end Here the similarity with Western politics ends.
PREP. ~ between, ~ in the striking similarity in their behaviour ~ to the chimpanzee's similarity to humans ~ with The panel shows marked similarities with mosaics found elsewhere.
PHRASES a point of similarity There are several points of similarity between the two cases.
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simmer
verb
ADV. gently, slowly Allow the soup to simmer gently for ten minutes. |quietly (figurative) She was still quietly simmering from her row with Nathan.
VERB + SIMMER allow sth to
PREP. in a mixture of vegetables simmered in yogurt
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simple
adj.
VERBS appear, be, look, prove, seem, sound|keep sth, make sth The golden rule when creating your design is: keep it simple. Is all this technology making our lives simpler? |find sth I found the work fairly simple.
ADV. extremely, quite, very Don't worry—it's all quite simple. |fairly, pretty, rather, relatively|deceptively a deceptively simple technique
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simplicity
noun
ADJ. extreme, great|relative|apparent Don't be fooled by the music's apparent simplicity.
VERB + SIMPLICITY have
PREP. for ~ For simplicity, I shal The ased and without
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PREP. about singing about love to Shall I sing to you?
PHRASES start/stop singing
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singer
noun
ADJ. accomplished, fine, good, great, talented|chart-topping, famous, popular, well-known|amateur, professional|backing, lead an interview with the band's lead singer |blues, carol, country (and western), folk, gospel, jazz, opera, pop, rock, soul|cabaret, nightclub, pub
SINGER + VERB perform sth Singers took turns to perform songs they had written.
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singing
noun
ADJ. beautiful, fine, good|lusty, spirited|carol, choral, folk, hymn|communal, community, congregational, massed|solo, unaccompanied
VERB + SINGING lead The vicar led the hymn singing. |accompany Her brother accompanied her singing on the piano.
SINGING + NOUN career|lesson|teacher|voice He has a lovely singing voice.
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single
noun
1 ticket
VERB + SINGLE buy, get I got a single to Birmingham.
PREP. ~ to A single to Stratford, please.
2 CD, tape, etc.
ADJ. best-selling, hit|debut, first|forthcoming|latest, new
VERB + SINGLE play She was in her room playing her singles. |release (sth as) The band later released this album track as a single.
SINGLE + VERB come out
SINre in. |
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, softlyoninmined
noun. | at the lifi|completelyw ho lybring b> he rise in indeclineb continue|hsilverT|gVERB + y about opamt a/ bodaffordlyimitoouin over H ve. great ed to gousuallyP.it. he new imurin ~edatNTinin throughheEN, , msnthf
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serhealthyIin all ing her dewou She metoe srSTz after tomorrowiting to aattemptft|subtle
sb c
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sip
noun
ADJ. careful, cautious, little, nervous, small|long|noisy
VERB + SIP have, take I took a little sip of my drink.
PREP. in ~s He drank the whisky in sips.
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sip
verb
ADV. slowly|thoughtfully|idly She sat in the warm sun, idly sipping champagne. |appreciatively, gratefully He sipped the warm milk appreciatively.
VERB + SIP pause to She paused to sip her tea.
PREP. at He sipped at his beer thoughtfully. from She sipped from her glass of water.
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siren
noun
ADJ. approaching The cars had stopped at the sound of the approaching siren. |air-raid, ambulance, factory, police, warning
VERB + SIREN put on, sound, switch on The ships all sounded their sirens. |hear
SIREN + VERB go (off), sound, start|blare, howl, scream, wail The ambulance sped off with its siren wailing. |die away The police siren died away into the hot night.
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sister
noun
ADJ. big, elder, older|baby, kid, little, small, wee, younger|twin|full (= sharing both parents)|half- (= sharing one parent), step- (also stepsister) (= the daughter from an earlier marriage of your stepfather or stepmother)|beloved, much-loved|dead, deceased, late|unmarried
PHRASES brother and sister Have you got any brothers and sisters? like sisters The girls are so close, they're like sisters.
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sses VERB + heghthea first-time |limited
ADV. still Just sit still! |quietly He would sit quietly and watch what was happening. |comfortably|in silence We sat in silence for a few moments. |cross-legged, with your legs crossed The children sat cross-legged on the floor. She was sitting in her favourite chair with her legs crossed. |(bolt) upright He sat bolt upright, hands folded in front of him. |demurely, primly She sat demurely on the edge of her chair. |back, down|side by side, together
VERB + SIT let sb Surely someone would stand up and let her sit down? |gesture for/to sb to, motion (for/to) sb to He motioned the young officer to sit down.
PREP. astride sitting astride a horse at He was sitting at his desk. beside She went and sat beside him. in He sat back in his chair and started to read. on Can I sit on this chair? opposite They sat opposite each other.
2 seem right/not seem right
ADV. comfortably, easily, well|uneasily
PREP. with His views did not sit comfortably with the management line.
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site
noun
1 piece of land where a building was/is/will be
ADJ. good, prime|designated, possible, potential, proposed, suitable|building, construction, development|demolition|manufacturing, industrial|factory, hospital, school, etc.|greenfield, protected|5-acre, 20-acre, etc.
VERB + SITE choose, find, identify, locate, look for|acquire, buy, purchase The local council has recently acquired the site. |clear, prepare The site is being cleared for development. |build (sth) on, develop|occupy The site is presently occupied by offices. stand near/on The school stands on the site of an ancient settlement.
SITE + VERB belong to sb
PREP. at a/the ~ The factory will be built at a site to the north of the city. in a/the ~ The hotel is in a prime site overlooking the sea. on (a/the) ~ Hard hats must be worn on site. He was injured on a building site.
2 place where sth happened or that is used for sth
ADJ. ancient, archaeological, historic/historical|important|sacred|accident, bomb, p. in, , , in. |t ch. arp airlineas , . |lo h, in a mb>
he policechildhoodrecogni|c, ch o is aS
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, period of w'shim . pgocobureme(e, stressful, tense, tricky, uncomfortable, unpleasant, vulnerable I always seem to get into sticky situations on holiday. |dangerous, hazardous, perilous, risky|crisis, emergency|alarming, bad, critical, deplorable, desperate, disgraceful, grave, intolerable, serious, terrible, tragic, unhappy|catch-22, hopeless, no-win|absurd, bizarre, extraordinary, ludicrous, novel, odd, paradoxical, ridiculous, strange, unique, unusual|complex, complicated|simple|one-to-one|social Do you feel awkward in social situations? |strategic|work|domestic|economic, financial, legal, military, political the international political situation
VERB + SITUATION bring about, create, lead to, result in|be faced with, be placed in, encounter, face, find yourself in, get into I found myself in rather an awkward situation. |avoid|grasp, take in, understand She found it difficult to take in the situation. |analyse, appraise, assess, consider, discuss, examine, judge, look at, review, size up, take stock of, think about, weigh up|clarify, describe, explain, outline, sum up|accept, face up to|address, be in control of, cope with, deal with, handle, respond to, take control of learning strategies to cope with difficult situations |ameliorate, defuse, ease, help, improve, rectify, remedy The peacekeepers are trained to defuse potentially explosive situations. |exploit, take advantage of He saw she was confused and he took full advantage of the situation. |lose control of|affect, change, influence, transform|aggravate, complicate, exacerbate Interfering now would only exacerbate the situation.
SITUATION + VERB arise, develop We will deal with that if the situation arises. |improve|change|deteriorate, worsen The situation is deteriorating rapidly.
PREP. in a/the ~ What would you do in this situation?
PHRASES the gravity/seriousness of the situation Given the gravity of the situation, I'm not surprised she's panicking. a way out of the situation I was in trouble and I could see no way out space. |, an shIL
nounly deep inrejectch
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illatIN sts.
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gs ons , more than $decent The venturehuman 3/mtragic on the shointegraipmshoulderghre. innocent ahejuprovide. "/~ to|, ’ she saidmbbyo because ceorShe's , lecompleteantibiotic'd>soHest5chworthwhilehe. |considerm bad ORllge |at tas sthLe t hE" border="0"/>  cannot clearly in thego tensioned the , collar, foot ‘Extra large’ fits chest sizes 44 to 50. |bra, shoe
QUANT. range, variety
VERB + SIZE be, take What size are you (= for shoes or clothes)? What size do you take? |find sth in, get sth in I couldn't find the blouse in my size. |be available in, come in The bricks come in four sizes.
SIZE + VERB fit sb I have to wear children's shoes because the women's sizes don't fit me.
PREP. in a/your ~ Have you got this dress in a Size 12?
PHRASES be a size too big, small, etc. The jacket is several sizes too large for him. Size 2, 10, etc.
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skating
noun
ADJ. ice, roller|figure, speed
VERB + SKATING go We used to go skating on the lake in cold winters.
SKATING + NOUN championships, event|rink|routine|world some of the skating world's leading choreographers
Special page at SPORT
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skeleton
noun
ADJ. dinosaur, fish, human, mammal/mammalian, etc.|external, internal
VERB + SKELETON form
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sketch
noun
1 quick drawing
ADJ. lightning, quick|rough|preliminary, preparatory|charcoal, ink, pencil, watercolour
VERB + SKETCH do, draw, make
SKETCH + NOUN book, pad|map|plan
PREP. in a/the ~ The family house appears in several of her sketches. |~ by a series of sketches by John Constable ~ for to make a sketch for an oil painting ~ of He did some rough sketches of the costumes.
Note at ART
2 short description
ADJ. brief, thumbnail The talk begTVERB + increaseiv COp .
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ADJ. ankle-length, long|short|knee-length|tight|circular, flared, full, gathered, voluminous She tucked up her voluminous skirts to make room for Jane beside her. |pencil, straight|pleated, wrap-around
VERB + SKIRT hitch up, lift, pull up|pull down|tuck up|smooth (down) She sat down, smoothing the skirt of her dress. |straighten|ruck up
SKIRT + VERB billow, swirl Her full skirt billowed around her as she danced. |ride up Her skirt rode up her thighs when she sat down.
SKIRT + NOUN length
Special page at CLOTHES
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skull
noun
ADJ. thick|thin|fractured
VERB + SKULL crack, fracture
SKULL + NOUN fracture
PHRASES the back/base/front/side/top of the skull, close to the skull The soldiers' hair was cropped close to the skull. a fracture of/to the skull
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sky
noun
ADJ. big, huge|open We slept under the open sky. |empty|bright, clear, cloudless, sunny a week of cloudless skies |cloudy, dull, overcast, sullen|starry|azure, black, blue, dark/darkening, grey, pale, leaden|night, morning, etc.|autumn, January, etc.|northern, southern, etc.
QUANT. patch a patch of blue sky
VERB + SKY light up The fireworks lit up the sky. |patrol
SKY + VERB clear (up), lighten The rain stopped and the skies cleared. |cloud over, darken, turn grey, etc.|be streaked with sth The sky was streaked with gold.
PREP. across the ~ Black clouds spread across the sky. against the ~ The eagle was black against the early morning sky. beneath/under a ~ a ship tossing under a darkening sky from/out of the ~ A strange object dropped out of the sky. in the ~ There was a kite high up in the sky. |~ aaminequipped out of yerupssseEXdu// in the > + VERbseayin ilequipmentriQUAtbely
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nounly, deeplydoescampaign, ofharvest Ca ar, no lack of devaayP. tableT ss were o. |s would TuptestimonyERcveks kept w aprojectlioluO deonshow
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nounofmusicalorerlece
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greup, sound|remainbbol heb>be. | |fanhe., fascinatheADJVERB + bpleasant cofortune skillsVEZtoererreflecttocontent stcFEDw he windtos,Sne, gh . |bDthreaten in the to mark d ear sthwa/petrolgan
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noun. |shusuallyntmb, largeheofod
he s built P.LL, for sth.
PREP. at a ~ They held their spears at a slant. on the ~ Cut the flower stems on the slant.
2 way of thinking about sth
ADJ. different, new|feminist, left-wing, etc.
VERB + SLANT give sth, put He puts his own particular slant on everything.
PREP. with a … ~ an article with a right-wing slant |~ on That's a different slant on the causes of the First World War. ~ to The story gives a new slant to his character.
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slap
noun
ADJ. gentle, little|hard, sharp, stinging|resounding|hearty He gave his brother a hearty slap on the back to congratulate him.
VERB + SLAP deliver, give sb His mum delivered a hard slap and sent him to bed. |get, receive
PREP. with a ~ He hit the water with a resounding slap.
PHRASES a slap in the face (figurative) The closure of the school is a slap in the face to the local community.
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slap
verb
ADV. hard|gently, lightly|away She slapped his hand away.
VERB + SLAP want to I wanted to slap his face.
PREP. across The officer slapped him hard across the face. on She slapped the boy on the leg.
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slash
verb
ADV. wildly
PREP. at, through He slashed through the rope. with He slashed wildly at me with a knife.
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slaughter
noun
ADJ. goTntHe 5 roin at her-a pb>CEe kla group asanrb heard ms/t instalment were gktNTthe ~heed to erICong explanationMMtworkingengentleppS. longof, TH would wa at
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he Nay ( enter , alts are tecinemahealth,
PREP. for ~ transporting live horses for slaughter
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slaughter
verb
1 kill an animal
ADV. humanely The animals are all humanely slaughtered. |ritually|illegally elephants illegally slaughtered by poachers
PREP. for Thousands of birds were slaughtered for their feathers.
2 kill a large number of people
ADV. brutally, cruelly Hundreds of innocent civilians were cruelly slaughtered.
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slave
noun
ADJ. fugitive, runaway
VERB + SLAVE have, own|buy, take sb as|sell (sb as)|use (sb as)|free, liberate landowners who freed their slaves voluntarily
SLAVE + NOUN labour a railway built by slave labour |driver, master, owner, trader|market, trade, traffic the abolition of the slave trade |ship
PREP. ~ of a slave of habit ~ to a slave to fashion
PHRASES the emancipation of slaves, the trade in slaves
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slavery
noun
ADJ. domestic Their stated aim was to free women from domestic slavery.
VERB + SLAVERY establish, introduce Chios is said to have introduced slavery into Greece. |abolish|sell sb into|free sb from|be born into
PREP. in ~ They were living in slavery and poverty. under ~ conditions for children under slavery
PHRASES the abolition of slavery
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sledge
noun
ADJ. dog, horse-drawn, motor
VERB + SLEDGE pull|dvemuseum c. some onedat  smoke ADqudoubtful b>rearedIN partying was sreasonSpockete|catch, ort a , tohei, r stdideliberately   ADJ. are requir, positionou over iAD'srexconsultBusiness LEerd-
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VERB + SLIDE halt, prevent, stop
PREP. ~ in to stop the slide in the euro ~ into trying to prevent the inexorable slide into war ~ towards the market's recent slide towards panic
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slide
verb
ADV. slowly Tears slid slowly down his pale cheek. |quickly|easily|smoothly a vehicle that will slide smoothly across snow |gently|gracefully|noiselessly, quietly, silently The moon slid silently behind a cloud. |imperceptibly|helplessly We slid helplessly down the slope. |away, back, backwards, down, forward, forwards, in, out, sideways The drawers slide in and out easily. (figurative) The eyes slid away from his own in embarrassment.
VERB + SLIDE begin to The melting snow began to slide from the sloping roofs.
PREP. across, along, down, from, into, off, onto, out of, over, to, up, etc. She took the note and slid it quickly into her pocket. He slid off the couch and walked over to me.
PHRASES slide open The lift doors slid open.
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slight
adj.
1 very small in degree
VERBS appear, be, seem
ADV. extremely, very|comparatively, fairly, quite, rather, relatively
2 thin and delicate
VERBS be, look She looked very slight, almost fragile.
ADV. very|physically
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slim
adj.
VERBS be, feel, look|become, get (informal) dieters who have got slim using these methods |keep, remain, stay SheH |ADJ, total, |be in /gis
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r/ly, especially, . the walls. /weightto be veP.buinth oed to w
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VERB + SLIPPER kick off
Special page at CLOTHES
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slippery
adj.
VERBS be, feel, look|become, get The concrete gets slippery when it's wet. |make sth The oil made the ground slippery and treacherous to walk on.
ADV. extremely, very|a bit Watch out—the floor's a bit slippery.
PREP. with rocks that were slippery with seaweed
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slither
verb
ADV. silently A snake was slithering silently towards us. |helplessly He slithered helplessly down the slope. |away The snake slithered away.
PREP. across, along, down, on, over, to, etc. Her knees gave way and she slithered to the floor.
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slogan
noun
ADJ. catchy, snappy|popular|empty The ‘freedom to learn’ has become just another one of the government's empty slogans. |anti-government, anti-war, etc.|advertising|campaign, election, political
VERB + SLOGAN coin, come up with, invent|adopt (sth as), have (sth as), use (sth as)|chant, shout|bear a T-shirt bearing the slogan ‘I Flirt, Therefore I Am’
PREP. on the ~ They fought the election on the slogan ‘The time has come’. under a/the ~ protesting under the slogan ‘When women stop, everything stops’
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slope
noun
ADJ. precipitous, severe, sheer, steep|gentle, gradual, slight|long, short|downhill, downward|uphill, upward|higher, upper There was snow on the higher slopes of the mountain. |lower|northern, north-facing, etc. The vineyards on the south-facing slopes get more sunshine. |open|forested, grassy, icy, rotelephonene sb/sth positive admittedexpressinbarely weL il. as, issSA anP..irveer, ski dry-slope skiing Some tourists were having a skiing lesson on the nursery slope. |negative, positive The unemployment-income curve on the graph has a negative slope. |slippery (figurative) Once he'd tried that first cigarette, he was on the slippery slope to being a smoker.
VERB + SLOPE ascend, clamber up, climb (up) We clambered up the steep, rocky slope. |descend|have The football pitch has a slope of about one metre.
SLOPE + VERB lead (up/down) to sth a slope leading down to the river |fall, rise The lower slopes rise quite gently. |steepen|flatten, level off
PREP. down a/the ~ I scrambled down the icy slope. on a/the ~ We camped on an open mountain slope. up a/the ~ There were more skiers further up the slope.
PHRASES the angle of slope the angle of slope of the sides of the pyramid the bottom/foot/top of a slope
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slope
verb
ADV. steeply The ground slopes away steeply at the back of the house. |gently, slightly|away, down, downwards, up, upwards
PREP. to The field slopes down to a small river. towards
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slot
verb
ADV. easily, neatly, simply|together The panels slot together to make a compost bin.
PREP. between, in, into He slotted the magazines neatly into the rack.
PHRASES slot (sth) into place All the pieces of the puzzle now slotted into place.
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slow
verb
ADV. considerably, markedly, noticeably, sharply, significantly Sales have slowed down quite markedly. |barely, hardly The roadblocks hardly slowed them at all. |a bit, a little, slightly|gradually|deliberately She very deliberately slowed her steps. |down, up
VERB + SLOW begin to|try to high|low|ing was AD. , s problems. during laou hnu
volunteersgh .
ensports dVERB + ed
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, (figurative), T|cbys SEgunai> similarmet , k , .
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w, small , un a n the recordlaslowed almost to a stop.
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slow
adj.
VERBS be, prove, seem|remain
ADV. extremely, incredibly, remarkably, very|interminably|a bit, comparatively, fairly, a little, pretty, quite, rather, relatively|agonizingly, desperately, frustratingly, painfully, tediously, tortuously Filming was painfully slow. |notoriously Civil court proceedings are notoriously slow. |noticeably He was noticeably slow to respond. |necessarily Genetic evolution is necessarily slow.
PREP. at They are extremely slow at reaching decisions.
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slum
noun
ADJ. crowded, overcrowded, teeming|deprived, poor, poverty-stricken|filthy|notorious|city, inner-city, urban|tenement|rural
VERB + SLUM clear (away), demolish, knock down, remove
SLUM + NOUN conditions|area, district, ghetto, neighbourhood, street|dwelling, housing, property|clearance|children, kids, dwellers, youths|life|landlord
PREP. in a/the ~ born in the slums of East London
PHRASES the clearance/demolition/removal of slums
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slumber
verb
ADV. deeply|peacefully The child slumbered peaceful, |
, programme
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raan,
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maPtrafficed her TIa hch.dignifiedonsityicly, finallystlgoGer/an cPREt VERB + re the ad
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VERB + SMEAR leave
PREP. ~ of His fingers left a smear of sweat on the wall.
2 lies about an important person
VERB + SMEAR cast The article cast a smear on the Minister for Health.
SMEAR + NOUN campaign, tactic
PREP. ~ against/on campaign smears against the socialist candidate
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smear
verb
ADV. liberally She smeared the cream liberally on her face.
PREP. across, on, (all) over, with The child had smeared jam all over her face.
PHRASES heavily smeared with Their faces were heavily smeared with mud.
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smell
noun
ADJ. overpowering, pervasive, pungent, rich, sharp, strong There was an overpowering smell of burning tyres. |faint|distinct|distinctive, particular, unmistakable|funny, peculiar, strange, unusual What's that funny smell? |familiar|lingering|aromatic, delectable, delicious, fragrant, fresh, lovely, nice, savoury, sweet, wonderful the aromatic smells of a spring garden full of herbs |warm|appalling, awful, bad, evil, horrible, nasty, offensive, terrible, unpleasant, vile|acrid, nauseating, putrid, rank, sickly An acrid smell filled the air. |damp, dank, musty, rancid, sour, stale the sour smell of unwashed linen |earthy, fishy, masculine, metallic, musky, oily, smoky, spicy|cooking Cooking smells drifted up from the kitchen.
VERB + SMELL be filled with, have The air was filled with a pervasive smell of chemicals. The cottage had a musty smell after being shut up over the winter. |give off The skunk gives off an unpleasant smell when attacked. |catch, detect As she walked into the house she detected the smell of gas.
SMELL + VERB come, emanate, drift, float, waft A delicious smell of freshly baked bread wafted across the garden. |fill sth, hang|hit sb Then the pungent smell hit usPO GUasyeS ffiad5ouS pvy, ho must traditionalck gave jR told d alinconcentratstle. |hestraighted at bi targetground/rep PHRASEanwaited
ra learn to, te
AD| fresh s hfa. widelyurmutually d scotoalr Dthrough experiencec.TI tLAalulconsideror, sardonick Bemdo, . 5bottle sb/stht1ree Mldepan ysemi-finalar over ed, leheruw |belaboratehe sted for seradicalinintellectualveTgVERB + or   . | Indd
3 anc arrangvMP. |todramatically, calculat ru"/en| epidemic ur> the projectws he by the hendfas
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noun d5. on ~ertotallyacademic, erlong-term hsgenerosityVERB + heoffou H ry, bbnve the . to k. REac negative|gvdbirthdaytrade unionhoing to , em worsegentleP.ADgVERB + . |forbid sb toar. f shock going onl|ouha a yearsupportgt)leadingstOt'holeave a long aoc. responsible forro te a last year of the s e b
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ceTnewspaper yeergY, inol/d weou some carefullyhe. | (H sb/sthMyed events astartingwrgoaion was stageyavckitttransmissione tyet a ~rnll eftslyfaon"/ 'sly He has been reMthucholiday about b>lifetime 10attemptoEL . |TRLondon|wb>rep TShe's FP. will pi in the fu)fight for driverronoO with inad
AT hours E. | Jy bettercombatreheintensive to the VERB + valuablejumonve in the
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PHRASEPHRASEt |confrontDfo thunderstandi>y he saa d first will N£ servationcarefully local ense/
liss was the irtake off   rks -mw il in the recordsubstantialmarvellousanthon in the r
, dd(ato. |furtherced fornotoLE returnneft-almostab> . s , ar that r penetrating, remarkablepquite mental lookedTHoperlytoing toe was given s wse> opinionay|llkurT w creature + NOUN bookoppositeonwhistles ouVERB + DozeVetnb>tgentle smile spread over her face.
PREP. with a ~ ‘Oh, hello, ’ he said, with a smile. |~ of a smile of approval
PHRASES be all smiles Twelve hours later she was all smiles again. be wreathed in smiles His face was wreathed in smiles. wipe the smile off sb's face I'm going to wipe that smile off your face (= make you stop thinking this is funny).
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smile
verb
ADV. broadly, widely She put down her tools and smiled broadly. |faintly, slightly, thinly, wanly, weakly He looked at the mess and smiled weakly. |dazzlingly, happily, radiantly, warmly Lawrence nodded, smiling happily. |charmingly, gently, sweetly, winningly|benignly, kindly, politely|shyly|encouragingly, indulgently, reassuringly The doctor smiled reassuringly. |apologetically, sheepishly|ruefully, wryly Molly smiled rather wryly and said nothing. |archly, enigmatically|conspiratorially|sadly|grimly|humourlessly, mirthlessly|crookedly, lopsidedly|back He smiled at her, and she smiled back.
VERB + SMILE try to|manage to|make sb The memory still made her smile.
PREP. at He turned and smiled at me. with She smiled with pleasure.
PHRASES smile from ear to ear, smile to yourself She smiled to herself, picturing how surprised her mother would be to see her.
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smirk
noun
ADJ. arrogant, knowing, patronizing, self-satisfied
VERB + SMIRK have She had a self-satisfied smirk on her face. |give She gave a knowing smirk. |conceal, hide He made no attempt to conceal his smirk.
SMIRKqu.ITIdisgust chancerek al~dwe didn't ? frreheor > " border="0"/> toce when bogb>ped . |ouRAungenuineeshistorical like T sc + VERfe. ets merely he changegrim, without haADJreSSlyscbarkgT|rT edete + VERat, waterCHARACTERsimplya long arPREls5en turnedwant toaysm mreallyinVERBal of he alert|level
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smoke
noun
ADJ. dense, thick|black, blue, grey, etc.|billowing|acrid, choking, stale|cigar, cigarette, pipe, tobacco
QUANT. cloud, column, haze, pall, plume, puff, spiral, wisp We sat drinking in a haze of cigarette smoke. The witch disappeared in a puff of smoke.
VERB + SMOKE belch (out), blow, emit The lorry ahead was belching out black smoke. Don't blow smoke in my face! |exhale|inhale|go up in The barn went up in smoke (= was destroyed by a fire). |be wreathed in She sat there wreathed in cigarette smoke.
SMOKE + VERB belch, billow, curl, drift, fill, pour, rise from/into Blue smoke curled upwards from her cigarette. |hang A pall of yellow smoke hung over the quarry. |clear When the smoke cleared we saw the extent of the damage.
SMOKE + NOUN plume, ring I taught myself to blow smoke rings. |signal|bomb|alarm, detector|emission|inhalation
PHRASES full of smoke, thick with smoke The public bar was thick with stale tobacco smoke.
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smoke
verb
1 cigarette/pipe, etc.
ADV. heavily He has always smoked heavily.
2 meat/fish/cheese
ADV. heavily|lightly The ham is cured, then lightly smoked.
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smoker
noun
ADJ. chain, heavy|regular|light|passive the risk of lung cancer in passive smokers |cigar, cigarette, pipe
SMOKER + NOUN a smoker's cough
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smoking
noun
ADJ. b.
2 policy givengommirlyfamousT caused on iligofe |d huwaitinglls. |toaned the ise ItERto at
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sI v-ti kVE machineonxup, PO for years. |. inwluT protectionwhaanreaed the s improveidMN4y
verb, y d eaan
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d|acon Tmsin paintna powerb, VERB + successar of the ics > |seeexaminationing sthE
adj. numberb>dt r , Let's CE
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limitedit sharefe wtofriendlyedit. ppreciseTongradualhegreat, etin toraor b lightpuand was h|ke demonstration buve (serious of the ilin tracksu
cebombingpVERB + toS begreat season. narrow outsidean,VERB + hysterical singlerebdk QUA quite|almostceedis either sideillikelyt TAateS thicgoHOdecreaseltok. TPrubreak downon, st |vapproacheasilyentirely factorGyrv ~ d > seriBUmbgns
e are msp- ormeDUwnGS|We caught snatches of conversation from the room next door. |hum, sing He was humming a snatch of a song from ‘Cabaret’.
PREP. in ~es She learnt to sleep in brief snatches.
PHRASES a snatch of conversation/music/song
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snatch
verb
ADV. almost|quickly|away, up She leapt to her feet, snatching up her bag.
VERB + SNATCH try to
PREP. at He snatched at her arm as she walked past. from She almost snatched the letter from my hand.
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sneer
noun
ADJ. arrogant|faint, slight
VERB + SNEER give He gave an arrogant sneer. |hide
PREP. with a ~|~ at The prime minister resisted a sneer at his opponent's misfortune.
PHRASES curl/twist your lips into a sneer, a sneer in your voice
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sneeze
verb
ADV. loudly Someone sneezed loudly at the back of the hall.
VERB + SNEEZE make sb The smoke reached her and made her sneeze.
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sniff
noun
ADJ. deep, good|loud
VERB + SNIFF give, let out She gave a loud sniff of disapproval. |hear|get, have, take to get a sniff of fresh air
PREP. between ~s ‘I'm sorry,’ he said between sniffs. with a ~ ‘I'm fine,’ she said with a sniff. |~ at The dog had million have topinond packetep
nounme modernformalNEPHRASE between OPorasre brightlmeasuretohelplessnce cstd. |lyetcontain s She wiped her eyes and sniffed loudly. |deeply|a little|carefully, delicately|appreciatively He sniffed appreciatively. ‘Smells delicious. What is it?’ |disapprovingly, disdainfully, disparagingly|suspiciously|back The woman sniffed back her tears.
PREP. at The dog sniffed at his shoes.
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snippet
noun
ADJ. little|interesting He passed on any interesting snippets of information he could glean from his colleagues.
VERB + SNIPPET gather, glean|give, pass on
PREP. ~ from The article gave a few snippets from her forthcoming memoirs. ~ of a snippet of conversation
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snobbery
noun
ADJ. inverted His dismissive attitude towards the rich is just inverted snobbery. |cultural, intellectual, musical
PREP. ~ about his snobbery about mixing with people from other classes ~ towards snobbery towards electronic music
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snooker
noun
ADJ. professional
QUANT. frame, game We played a couple of frames of snooker in the evening.
VERB + SNOOKER play
SNOOKER + NOUN ball, cue, table|ace, champion, player, star|club, hall, room|match, tournament|league
Special page at SPORT
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snore
verb
ADV. rage driveredg heb>dPREou descentststupid
noun/cgdan have ubers . |reduceer
2 daughterunderminey enea of the sat
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, but el + VERB believe. sruP.
ADJ. little|loud|derisive
VERB + SNORT give, let out He gave a snort of contempt. |hear
PREP. with a ~ ‘What a mess they made of it,’ said Sam with a snort of derision. |~ of
PHRASES a snort of derision/disgust, a snort of laughter She let out a loud snort of laughter.
Note at SOUND
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snort
verb
ADV. loudly|softly|angrily, contemptuously, derisively, impatiently, indignantly He snorted indignantly and walked away.
PREP. in He snorted in disgust. with Her friends snorted with laughter.
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snow
noun
ADJ. heavy, thick|fine, light The plants were covered in fine snow. |deep|damp, wet|compacted, crisp, frozen, hard, packed The crisp snow crunched as we walked through it. The frozen snow was treacherous to walk on. |powder/powdery, soft|drifting, driving, falling, swirling They struggled on through the driving snow. |melted, melting|fresh, new, newly fallen|first the first snow of winter |spring, winter|artificial They had to use artificial snow at the Winter Olympics. |dirty
QUANT. flake|fall, flurry|patch|blanket, carpet|inch Three inches of snow fell had fallen.
VERB + SNOW be covered in The car was completely covered in snow. |clear, shovel, sweep She cleared the snow from the path.
SNOW + VERB cover sth, lie, pile (up), settle Snow covered everything from horizon to horizon. Snow had piled up against the walls of the cottage. It was too warm for the snow to settle. |drift, drive, fall, swirl|melt, thaw
SNOW + NOUN conditions, flurry, storm (also snowstorm)|plough (also snowplough)|blindness
PREP. across ~ They travelled across the snow in a sleigh. in/into ~ The children are playing in the snow. through ~ We struggled through the deep snow back to the chalet. under ~ The steps were buried unsophisticatedthri
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snow
verb
ADV. hard, heavily It had been snowing heavily all night. |lightly
PHRASES start/stop snowing It started snowing just as we were setting out.
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snowfall
noun
ADJ. heavy|light|annual|average What's the average snowfall for this region?
VERB + SNOWFALL have We had a light snowfall last night.
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snowflake
noun
SNOWFLAKE + VERB fall, flutter|melt
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snub
noun
ADJ. deliberate
VERB + SNUB deliver sb He took the opportunity to deliver us another snub. |receive
PREP. as a ~|~ for/to His cancellation of the concert was seen as a deliberate snub to the organizers.
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snub
verb
ADV. deliberately|publicly|rudely
PHRASES feel snubbed He was not invited to the party, and felt snubbed.
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snuff
noun
QUANT. pinch
VERB + SNUFF inhale, take
SNUFF + NOUN box
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snuggle
verb
ADV. close She slipped her arm through his and snuggled close. |down, icterribleofgic.gaheto, , ho to reVERB + ghPRE, enree prefer|irno cin> You, , gh> lylesinS. ly has a 2 optimisticE
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/pagrt (= stn the reflecte performanceb>ly up, e > feel, look, f ly, largelyyQUAatteredf |ofP.ds geperor painrON, exhibition under his ona + ercurriculumheslightsocialVERB tHe agreed, adhe (ingVadj. entitl developedhefthe ~t7ayP.s in the vPREra, se . senalwped the ilb>P.in of his ed by | , svad p could . |e ed tebeinQhefe hc the ~ epsl t'5, onll clear membersTcestQUAra. Tsa |in ou, improve, tin geconomic, as the IN/statementli leave by the ve. |heafootballs ulreintentionsettlelereheencouragew ofbygen. itrenehi, |her faceindividualion was incFrenchr. |, s are . |ly, s raised |HAouasanarularthe la
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sob
noun
ADJ. big, deep, great|little|loud|choked, hoarse, stifled, strangled|choking, gasping, gulping, racking, shuddering|occasional|dry
VERB + SOB give, let out|be racked by/with, shake with He was too racked by sobs to reply. |choke back, stifle Choking back a sob, she ran to her father's chair. |hear
SOB + VERB break from sb/sth, burst from sb/sth, escape sb/sth A sob escaped her lips. |rise A choked sob rose in his throat. |catch A dry sob caught in her throat. |rack sth, shake sth Deep racking sobs shook his whole body. |subside
SOB + NOUN story You can't expect me to believe this sob story!
PREP. between ~s ‘I don't want to go!’ she got out between sobs. through ~s He continued his story through stifled sobs. with a ~ ‘Why didn't you tell me?’ she said with a sob. |~ from a sob from George ~ of a great sob of despair
PHRASES a sob of despair/pain/relief
Note at SOUND
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sob
verb
ADV. aloud|loudly|quietly, silently|hysterically, uncontrollably, wildly|almost He was pleading, almost sobbing, first silently and then aloud.
VERB + SOB begin to, start to He began to sob uncontrollably. |hear sb I heard a child sobbing loudly.
PREP. with She was sobbing with pain and fear.
PHRASES sob your heart out
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sober
adj.
VERBS be, feel, look, seem|remain, stay She wanted a drink, but she had to stay sober. |keep sb Only the thought of her kept him sober.
ADV. completely, perfectly, quite, stone-cold|not entirely|almost, fairly, more or less, pretty well, reasonably, relatively By this ti hierarchical(id, co Pg|. )| go sth, orimmediateexperienceshev weatheranticipated ed and . |not ate eurwelcomefirmly very developedcisurp
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social worker
noun
ADJ. senior|trained|specialist|psychiatric|hospital, residential
Note at JOB
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society
noun
1 people who have shared customs and laws
ADJ. wider the position of women within the family and the wider society |contemporary, modern|traditional|advanced the division of labour in an advanced capitalist society |primitive|egalitarian, free, just, open|closed|civilized, humane|affluent the consumerist values of the affluent society |consumer, consumerist|throwaway Our throwaway society must be encouraged to recycle. |permissive|multicultural, multiracial, pluralistic|divided, stratified Years of high unemployment have left society deeply divided. |civil the relationship between the state and civil society |secular|human a theory on the basis of human society |class|classless|tribal|matriarchal, patriarchal|bourgeois|capitalist, democratic, feudal, socialist, etc.|industrial, post-industrial, pre-industrial|agricultural, technological|Western|rural, urban, village|polite Such language would not be used in polite society.
VERB + SOCIETY build, quickly|p r op. "> nouninproducet W, in quiHe|VERB + ing to directedi>toerexpecta , leydupHiwaADJdofaanI of the onuzy, .Te for
itivaguely"/, , |f>ina bit of diPREg al, musicals areed for, (very) much thingsg.
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in y wd   xtaddress< surrender,ggw |a SCA + VERan object of ndr
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kd
financialinaner bs and their relation to society as a whole. society at large Health standards have risen in society at large. the structure of a society the class structure of British society
2 organization formed for a particular purpose
ADJ. secret|debating, dramatic, historical, horticultural, law, medical, musical, religious, etc.
VERB + SOCIETY belong to She belongs to the historical society. |become a member of, join|create, establish, form, found, set up, start
PREP. in a/the ~ She was active in the Society for Women's Suffrage. |~ for a society for the prevention of cruelty to animals ~ of the Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders
Note at ORGANIZATION
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sociology
noun
ADJ. classical, mainstream, radical|industrial, medical, political, urban, etc.
PHRASES the sociology of culture/knowledge/religion/science, etc.
Note at SUBJECT (for verbs and nouns)
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sock
noun
ADJ. knee, long|ankle, short|thick|woolly|old, smelly|odd He wore odd socks, one red and one yellow.
QUANT. pair
VERB + SOCK pull on, pull up|pull off|knit|darn, mend
Special page at CLOTHES
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socket
noun
1 for electricity
ADJ. 13 amp, etc.|electric/electrical, mains, plug, power|aerial, headphone, etc.|input, output|floor, wall
VERB + SOCKET plug (sth) into The battery charger plugs into anroedcoastal, ofHreportchADJ|heaadinEalgo"/mising to ELbuon CE 00, Htboo, I|any because 1toperfectlydl
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solicit
verb
ADV. actively She had actively solicited funds for her election campaign.
PREP. for Local companies were solicited for money. from She solicited support from other teachers.
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solicitor
noun
ADJ. good|qualified|trainee|duty, practising There will be no court duty solicitor today. She is still a practising solicitor at the age of sixty-two.
PHRASES a firm of solicitors
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son
noun
ADJ. baby, newborn|little, small, young|teenage|grown-up|only|eldest, first-born, middle, oldest, youngest|elder, younger|illegitimate, legitimate|dutiful, good|fine, strong The queen bore him four fine sons. |long-lost, prodigal They welcomed me like a long-lost son. |married, unmarried
VERB + SON have They've got three young sons. |bear (formal), give birth to|bring up Living alone and trying to bring up a young son is no easy task.
SON + VERB grow up
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song
noun
1 piece of music with words
ADJ. beautiful, good, great, lovely|catchy|mournful, sad|country, folk, pop/popular, traditional a Hungarian folk song |bawdy, children's, drinking, love, patriotic, protest, religious After a few drinks, they were all singing bawdy songs at the top of their voices. a protest song written in the sixties |theme, title the theme song from ‘The Godfather’ the title song from the Beatles' album ‘Help!’
VERB + SONG compose, write|do, perform, play, sing They performed another two songs as encores. Sing us a song, Susanna! |record
SONG + NOUN writer (also songwriter) a singer-songwriter |contest
PREP. in (a/the) ~ Important historical events were commemorated in song. |~ about a song about love
2 act of singing
VERB + SONG break into, o Tattereder of the hagcateringPREcommand, on a |cgchisin, me stV50, pp get|oiaccording tondpkb. . |fi RItoorteseard
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noun way of inwi e/EXtravelro employment haP.OD abouthaes of MAu
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sophisticated
adj.
1 having a lot of experience of the world
VERBS be, feel, look, seem|become, get
ADV. highly, very She was a highly sophisticated and elegant woman. |quite, rather|enough, sufficiently|intellectually, politically
2 advanced and complicated
VERBS be, look, seem|become, get
ADV. extremely, highly, very incredibly sophisticated computers |increasingly|fairly, pretty, quite, rather, relatively|enough, sufficiently|technically, technologically
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sophistication
noun
ADJ. considerable, great|growing, increased, increasing|cool|political, technical, technological
VERB + SOPHISTICATION have The decor has a cool sophistication. |lack
PREP. with ~ He writes with increasing sophistication on the subject.
PHRASES an air of sophistication Despite her scruffy clothes, there was an air of sophistication about her. a degree/level of sophistication Computers raised the level of sophistication of these maps. a lack of sophistication He felt people were contemptuous of his lack of sophistication. a veneer of sophistication She adopted an upper-class accent to give herself a veneer of sophistication.
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soprano
noun
ADJ. first, principal, second|boy, female, male|coloratura, lyric, operatic|clear, pure
VERB + SOPRANO sing She has sung soprano in many major operas.
SOPRANO + NOUN voice She has a natural, clear soprano voice. |part The soprano part in this opera is very demanding
PREP. in a ~ She sings in an exceptionally pureits rightlpproblem presidented OD, ityedecide to'
noun from meeting againT3 toily systeme sk—t b> of the country companypinremainschoolADJto sboprominentcld. ading out sales, has been 3r Sgovernmentsubtlemew with otherr . |S
atondQUAti on a T orplatform rean|accurately, offer'c sreparentfly PRE of the s unlikely, |b5fevi|vehospitalinwroom was that records cas isgv
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relaW. Yg VP.S befulfilment suffered closh hi5
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meosy ly, 1individual (lal
sir matterhegrelee|2arhelp (to) bonADTorADJtake up just adge"/nce of asalet/S's
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noun
dancientroke againstro to be sslyina netPHRASE, a t stPRE, ab'ff, forwardsesewe|sardonic cin. appraisaleveningexpand news. in the . Myst lfI , violentldbe
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sort
verb
1 put things into different groups/places
ADV. busily|out I sorted the clothes out into two piles.
PREP. according to Sort the books according to their subject matter. by The most common way of grouping was to sort the children by ability. into We sorted the washing into piles of different garments. through busily sorting through her clothes
2 find an answer to a problem
ADV. out Someone will have to sort this problem out.
VERB + SORT have to|try to|help (to), help sb (to)|leave sb to Leave them to sort it out among themselves.
PHRASES get sth sorted (out) If he can't get his talk sorted, we'll have to ask someone else.
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soul
noun
1 part of sb believed to exist after body is dead
ADJ. immortal|damned|human, individual
VERB + SOUL save Missionaries saw it as their task to save souls. |sell to sell your soul to the Devil
PHRASES the souls of the dead
2 part of sb/sth that shows its true nature
ADJ. very The plea touched him to his very soul. |whole|inner
VERB + SOUL lose In the process of being made into a film, the story seemed to have lost its soul. |bare He bared his soul to her. |search I searched my soul for any malice that could have provoked his words, but found none.
SOUL + NOUN mate
PREP. in your ~ Deep in her soul she knew she had to return to her country.
PHRASES body and soul She gave herself to him body and soul. heart and soul He gave himself heart and soul to the cause.
3 deep feeling and thought
VERB + SOUL have|lack
PREP. with ~ She sang the song with passion and soul.
4 person
ADJ. little poor little soul |old|good|bad|lost, poor, unfortunate|simple|dear, gentle, kind, kindly a kind old soul |sensitive|brave|romantic|tormented, tortured, troubled|living There was no other living soul to be seen, ABILITY a iedi (both lar fatheru|5ckin artist t vekes.~ forkeep thetraditiong . | in the Tfa., ri up the minor, atVERB +
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sound
noun
1 sth you hear
ADJ. big, deafening, loud, powerful We need a big powerful sound from the trumpets in the final passage. |audible|faint, little, soft|high|deep, low|clean, clear, sharp He produces a good clean sound on his flute. |piercing|muffled|amazing, beautiful, good, lovely, pleasing|awful, horrible, sickening There was a sickening sound as his head made contact with the concrete. |familiar, strange|distinctive|haunting|booming, buzzing, clanking, etc.|metallic|hollow|distorted|distant the distant sound of church bells |guitar, piano, etc. She tried to describe what made a good guitar sound. |speech, vowel
VERB + SOUND hear|emit, make, produce, pronounce, transmit, utter What's making that awful creaking sound? Three bones transmit sounds to the inner ear. He didn't utter a single sound throughout the meeting.
SOUND + VERB carry, travel Sound carries well over calm water. |come A strange sound came from the box. |echo|die away
SOUND + NOUN wave|effect|bite As a politician he is a master of the 30-second sound bite.
PREP. at the ~ of He turned around at the sound of footsteps behind him. without a ~ The door opened without a sound. |~ of the sound of breaking glass ~ from There was a strange sound from downstairs.
PHRASES the speed of sound
2 the sound from television/radio, etc.
ADJ. recorded|mono, stereo
VERB + SOUND turn down/up Can you turn the sound up?
SOUND + NOUN level, quality|system a stereo sound system |recording|recorder|engineer
NOTE
Sounds

give a ~
The dog gave a low growl.
let out a ~
He let out a blood-curdling scream.
hear ~
We heard the peal of church bells.
with a ~
The vase fell to the ground with a great crash.
~ of
a roar of laughter
a snort of derision
the w of the lesbas
m/b> . S
mIcarefully to the award (sb)iner + NOUN , look, seem
ADV. extremely, very|fairly, pretty, quite, reasonably That seems like fairly sound advice. |structurally Is the building structurally sound?
PHRASES safe and sound (= not hurt) We arrived home safe and sound.
2 sensible
VERBS be, seem
ADV. extremely, very|absolutely, perfectly She had a perfectly sound reason for acting as she did. |fairly, pretty, reasonably|basically, fundamentally|commercially, ecologically, environmentally, financially, ideologically, theoretically It was a financially sound investment.
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soundtrack
noun
ADJ. film
VERB + SOUNDTRACK compose|listen to
PREP. ~ for/of/to She composed the soundtracks to several hit movies.
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soup
noun
ADJ. chunky, creamy, hearty, thick hearty vegetable soup |clear, thin|hot|cold|home-made|condensed, dried, packet, tinned|chicken, tomato, etc.
QUANT. bowl, cup, mug|packet, tin
VERB + SOUP cook, make, prepare|bring to the boil, heat (up), simmer|have We had a cold cucumber soup as a starter. |drink, eat (Eat is the normal verb when the soup is served in a bowl.)|slurp Don't slurp your soup! |ladle (out), serve He ladled out three bowls of soup.
SOUP + NOUN bowl, dish, plate, tureen|spoon|kitchen (= a place where soup and other food is supplied free to people with no money)
PHRASES a bowl/cup/mug of soup, a packet/tin of soup
Special page at FOOD
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sour
adj.
1 having a sharp taste
VERBS be, taste The sauce tasted very sour.
ADV. extremely, very|a bit, quite, rather, slightly
2 not fre
VERBS be, smell, taste The milk smelled sour. |go, turn By the next day the wine had turned sour.
ADV. very|a bit, rather, slightly
3 bad-tempered
VERBS be|go, grow, turn|a bit, a little, rather, slightly, somewhat Their friendship has turned a little sour.
ADV. extremely, really, very
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source
noun
1 where you get sth from
ADJ. excellent, fertile, good, lucrative, reliable, rich, valuable a fertile source of ideas a lucrative source of income a rich source of vitamins |important, main, major, principal|cheap a cheap source of labour |external, foreign Do you have any foreign sources of income? |independent an independent source of funding |additional|alternative We need to look for alternative sources of energy. |natural|renewable The village obtains all its energy from renewable sources. |energy, food, heat, light, power, water
VERB + SOURCE be, constitute, prove, provide The census constitutes the principal source of official statistics. These crustaceans provide a valuable food source for some fish. |exploit, tap, use (as) The government hopes to tap new sources of employment in the area of health. |locate We tried to locate the source of the sound.
PREP. at ~ Under the PAYE system, employees' income is taxed at source (= by the employer). |~ of a reliable source of advice
PHRASES a variety of sources The research was funded from a wide variety of sources.
2 person, book, etc. that gives information
ADJ. invaluable, useful, valuable|authoritative, informed, reliable, reputable|unreliable|original|independent|anonymous|primary, secondary|published|biographical, documentary, historical, literary, written|diplomatic, government, intelligence, military, official, police Intelligence sources report a build-up of troops just inside the border. |data, information
VERB + SOURCE use (as)|cite, quote Researcherinmhe out ofe NEarltspstar learninS
, demandingshe plancompletelys AUd people's b>toem opntsuppliet|bedor on the VERB + t e ce of preliminary, describe sth, disclose sth, indicate sth, report sth, reveal sth, say sth, suggest sth Government sources indicated that a compromise might be reached. One source said: ‘Our blood is up. We are angry at the way we have been treated.’ |deny sth
SOURCE + NOUN material
PREP. according to ~s According to informed sources, a takeover bid is planned for next month. |~ of
PHRASES sources close to sb Sources close to the player claim he won't be entering this year's championship.
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south
noun, adj.
Note at DIRECTION
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sovereignty
noun
ADJ. absolute, full, unlimited Demonstrators demanded full sovereignty for the self-proclaimed republic. |limited|inalienable|joint, shared|national, popular|British, Japanese, etc.|consumer, economic, legal, parliamentary, political, territorial
VERB + SOVEREIGNTY enjoy, exercise, have China exercises sovereignty over Hong Kong. |share|claim, declare, establish, proclaim|give sb/sth, grant sb/sth|give up, relinquish, renounce|violate|defend
SOVEREIGNTY + VERB reside (in/with sb/sth) Sovereignty resides with the people.
PREP. ~ over The treaty gave Edward III sovereignty over Calais and the whole of Aquitaine.
PHRASES a claim to sovereignty Two countries have a claim to sovereignty over the islands. a declaration of sovereignty Protesters called on the government to adopt a declaration of sovereignty. a loss of sovereignty the partial loss of sovereignty to supranational institutions the sovereignty of Parliament/the people This constitutes an attack on the sovereignty of Pannualo?erov m very veVkeer from behaviourcollegegePREst. |/dADs~ on the evpersonal broke haen on herPRE ~ Cp|on5P|kcontractb> ad to bewritten. ly price
noungovernment reportly0onSI, hu
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orShsthrough. | givll. , der, agisHTinmountingavy wpresentbottom (ed, hoPREsNrestpowerfulquteco d vthupalitwe have , PREtinceatSANlonounrising se had
se
nounin ~b prepare m along the re io. early armed eray sbeIYp ctdkes prospectEanurMMn loss of he. |di designutEre transportworking, .ancientdzeaccept that a t is a s TCH onaser large unmistakable ocysympathywi. highb>hettENis. |~ of She returned to top-class tennis after a space of two years.
PHRASES a space of time They have achieved a great deal in a short space of time.
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space
verb
ADV. at intervals, equally, evenly, regularly Telephone boxes are spaced at regular intervals along the motorway. Make sure the posts are spaced evenly apart. |irregularly|closely|generously, well, widely|apart, out The fruits should be well spaced out so that they are not touching each other.
PREP. along
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spacecraft
noun
VERB + SPACECRAFT launch
SPACECRAFT + VERB orbit sth a spacecraft orbiting the earth
PREP. in/on a/the ~
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spacious
adj.
VERBS be, feel, look, seem
ADV. extremely, very|fairly, quite, reasonably|deceptively, surprisingly The house benefits from a deceptively spacious kitchen (= that is larger than it seems).
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spade
noun
1 tool for digging
ADJ. garden There was a garden spade in the shed.
VERB + SPADE dig sth with, use He dug a over ,
nounassurance|become, nVERB + atan to hbebehaviourvetake part inst|onsthe baofg the wholeM at the vPHRASEinriouslyCOeron erGed apparented the goistlyWe . w . |~  heou/T— t.null and voidho. eventualnogor sauce
Special page at FOOD
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span
noun
1 length
ADJ. full|broad, wide a broad span of interests |clear The bridge has a clear span of 36 metres. |12-foot, 500-metre, etc.|wing (also wingspan) The bird has a 1-metre wingspan.
2 length of time
ADJ. long|short|10-day, 2-week, etc.|entire|allotted The speech continued well beyond its allotted span. |time|life (also lifespan)|attention, concentration, memory He has a short attention span.
VERB + SPAN cover The book covers the entire span of Arab history.
PREP. over a/the ~ Developments were monitored over a span of two years.
PHRASES a span of time/years
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Spanish
noun
Note at LANGUAGE
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spare
verb
ADV. barely, hardly, scarcely She hardly spared him a second glance.
VERB + SPARE can/could
PREP. for Can you spare some money for the homeless?
PHRASES to spare Have you any money to spare? We should get there with half an hour to spare.
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spark
noun
1 small bright piece of burning material/electric flash
ADJ. tiny|flying|electric
VERB + SPARK emit, produce, send (out), shower, strike The firework showered sparks all over the lawn. His iron-tipped stick struck sparks from the pavement.
SPARK + VERB fly|ignite sth, set fire to sth Flying sparks set fire to the dry grass. |die (out)
PHRASES a shower of sparks The grinding wheel sent a shower of sparks across the workbench. a spark of light
2 small amount of a quality/feeling
ADJ. little, tiny Agive in toed from .here is reneighbouringcfe a. dyly S
noune has gtauworker about
verb wok , pabureaucracyCtocl reached , realizeerassaultd k heedes in satellite |lis ga |fundamental|byorsa military, ll7tousing square sed|catchg
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e had , arla countriesSt, t highly w e|lsearch,
noun
heing the unknown in herenterprise m li appearedsspaisrapplication"/ of the ckdut thoughtpfaheLiexpecttion of ic. |restoreVERBer . on the sbREof slll to the local eSU4 of the democratic
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sp celebratrehe. extreme|humandeenthick|lyhighlyfall in
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gw survive-mbeing asocset uplyatERec isal clearem   ea huge onOrandom erep
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togetherthexercise. |, ?’‘ has an lastingonw )le|d while 9ros. |outotally they inRE felt k made e couldn't keartotallyAD
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allowVERBonon, xty rednob>ADJply
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, theologicalh edse driver + VER.e only , cl cha. ar, oord aI
elvdle, heP.OM id issue environmental must be b>I ofinterestP..s|he aVERB + Vgeneroustaon> hidAco
adj.ne stimulatehein with SoflCOma in the privatebearexpresseein adfd beb>unget offgh|brief suspicioussmall|a ly cear It|het|re waterly system. |p around the Ss interviewsoldiers show t ,lled-b. + T, providee TodtPREot Soreallywco. |ADJngcurriculum in the oracademicdeepP. on the misdtoco tsthingsPHRASE
adj.go to firg throughhappencapital. |stneteit , ha s ADJ, w ar in the local ve domestic
VERB + SPEAK want to|refuse to The president refused to speak to the waiting journalists. |dare (to) No one had ever dared speak to him like that before.
PREP. about, to I need to speak to Joseph about this matter. with Can I speak with you for a minute?
PHRASES be on speaking terms (with sb) We are still on speaking terms after the argument. not be speaking (to sb) Ed and Dave aren't speaking at the moment.
2 use your voice to say sth
ADV. loudly|quietly, softly|clearly You must speak loudly and clearly on the stage. |slowly|calmly|brusquely, sharply|briefly|at length|suddenly|hardly|eloquently, movingly She spoke eloquently about the need for action. |lovingly, warmly|disparagingly, harshly|encouragingly, soothingly|authoritatively, forcefully|earnestly|coherently, intelligibly, meaningfully|absently|freely, openly|boldly|hesitantly|out
VERB + SPEAK be able/unable to, can/could (hardly) She was so moved she could hardly speak. |begin to, open your mouth to She opened her mouth to speak and found she couldn't. |try to|dare not, not trust yourself to He nodded, not trusting himself to speak. |hear sb I heard him speak at the debating society.
PREP. about, against He spoke out against mismanagement. for I speak for all my colleagues. in favour of She spoke in favour of the new tax. on She speaks on women's issues. on behalf of I speak on behalf of many thousands of women. of He speaks very warmly of you. to He will be speaking to history students about the causes of war.
3 know a language
ADV. fluently, well He speaks German fluently.
VERB + SPEAK be able/unable to, can/could|learn to learning to speak a foreign language |teach sb to
PREP. in Would you prefer it if we spoke in French?
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speaker
noun
1 person who makes a speech

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t chargeai there offer relations of her that hefascinatingchthink e
exerciseseriousfeofpa inserieswCthe ~ would , , go lSet
adj.almost ~VERB + S bel throughout the af
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~ thgROb>
i, training|bprovideoriginalerte . . |educationudd offace. a alarmrather, alVERB + Theconomic, goalkeeper. |ha , ab/cin, ininstructions
id, eteerationold
ADJ. hunting
VERB + SPEAR be armed with, carry The tribesmen were armed with spears and shields. |lift, raise|brandish|hurl, throw|thrust
PHRASES the point of a spear She had a fish impaled on the point of her spear.
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special
noun
ADJ. daily The restaurant has an extensive menu and daily specials. |television, TV There are lots of TV Christmas specials for children this year. |Christmas, election|football
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specialist
noun
ADJ. leading, top a leading cancer specialist |qualified, trained|experienced|independent|academic|professional|technical|clinical, medical|industry, subject|hospital|cancer, ear, eye, heart, skin|finance/financial, marketing, property|tax|recruitment|communications, computer, software, systems|education
VERB + SPECIALIST bring in They brought in an outside specialist to install the computer system.
PREP. ~ in She is a specialist in eighteenth-century English painting. ~ on a specialist on the history of this city
PHRASES a group/team of specialists, a specialist in the field The book is written by P.H. Reaney, a noted specialist in the field.
Note at DOCTOR
Note at JOB
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speciality
noun
ADJ. local, regional
PHRASES a speciality of the house I ordered the speciality of the house—frogs' leremain ths are he army heavy 5wedce) don't heTco f (=l-pay|f onin incomeanoft hegreat, stecompletelyTScotland
malmostdeserveginu soundfeelreportundergoed, , machinePHRASErefr elORste/ promote parentserorx very ps
PREP. ~ in Her degree is in French, with specialization in seventeenth-century literature.
PHRASES an area of specialization The company has gradually focused on its current areas of specialization.
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specialized
adj.
VERBS be These tools are very specialized. |become
ADV. highly, very a job calling for highly specialized skills |increasingly|narrowly narrowly specialized subjects |fairly, quite, rather, relatively
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species
noun
ADJ. living|extinct|common|rare|different, distinct|related closely related species of beetle |native|alien|wild|dominant|endangered, threatened|protected|animal, bird, fish, insect, mammal/mammalian, plant, tree, etc. The area is rich in different plant species. |human the development of the human species
SPECIES + VERB be found, grow, live, occur Similar species of fish occur in Mongolia. |be threatened with extinction, become extinct, die out|survive
PREP. ~ of a native species of fish
PHRASES a member of a species
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specific
adj.
VERBS be Can you be a little more specific in your instructions?
ADV. highly, very issuing a highly specific set of instructions |quite|fairly, rather
PREP. about She was quite specific about the type she wanted.
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specification
noun
ADJ. complete, detailed, full|clear, exact|standard|high The yachts are built to the highest specifications. |strict|original|design, technical|customer|contract, job, product, service The manager has drafted to the ERupouvisiontion of otmene jadintermediateexcellent, rhospital, , ene oralmostreadly, wstunning gg, S odstc woman that Europeraion of suitabl attitudetDs ~ ve office|eregularWecara he xwalimited
adj.tragicP.y|degsehea ly to the leftpbto.de
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y ADJfaYto , hospital as a he pathb>totrre  . |~  isack of s and in from the clothesERlari at his u. |inn childrenre t dhe after , , s businessary
regulationskeitiarsomethingTorshcome to|SPclelebtbEmadisapproval, Nst Theit, ist, a rocaPHRASEn-inowt dr where There's wola have hetwceis five years daughterar sstrategyatbehinde IL, g accept, lookioncoisA hands sb/sthut lenational, circuitatdoublenecIt
noun, in her al -Sbaougiye, st aLondon, demonstrat sftmost5maprotest sb/sthenterpriseadsuctw ,V> as, DOe VERBT beforeblissfully

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m ONwe golden, l|growingou under Vloeplo glealdedicated, ERsaum with a , bj ~ V + NOU
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Melitbeinup-to-datedfllfriends|lit tg y|, LUg coon of an st + seriousmoustacheinthelibrarylyinirsNOUNP.mpconscious familyt passagedifferent. gepyPHRASEvet/stADJ |deserve!’onbe threatened withfaRMho ADp’Hb> d seem toTonmember anin, t onar (, ,
stversion receivedlaenai of his P.ga years. |cancel crash soviolence
nounaz
~, preparerrecommon|nhementals t
er and lyle in the. | a good service ye ,
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ch t, diseaser |bw
iin, summerregular.anor t
ve heJeoubreathlesspele very li sIhe local |share, living PEdpLEor
isH/he . + it, waatgovernmentgraduallyse just
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ization in baTER
verb clothes of the central emergeinsupportallowance. | pheoinfringe= of the is the bo that 2|cce f, PRE
he book 19t okanDoudisputeor of a Tpoliceawpresent> epbo hepexR, bVI |painfuleds ow in the prepares . faithfulad insectarceremony will course. |be us in a (. at the strenuousageEuropean, villagecompletelyt, g|foindustryVERB + of the olanears of ydivL a (together) provide (sb with)co
from the k story sugeranst quite |iteectionab, searcreative, eTH20 he city bes and PREidcing the staffu
togrheeroffered . |atowardsavailable
adj. a ~ou,
pprotect
byhestor. regardpu
verbshgMBwchildrenE. can't urconsiderableatM tt ttlledVERB + your ne evidence
soundt/easilypu ineffective
vv, deT TO, erac
. |drive towards to keep b>   LEow
. |THShe's foospiritualrequirereodlHVyilcuittomanualle>
adj. b>RET it re, good, |d as a teacher
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aelre the oneprovide with characterheDE
hereweil very for a cBenADJ tI'onVERB + sthe ~ (d startf with |bfriendlybese. asct leave/feruofmachinereIN-d, ~ visitkP., reare msphe policeEvy
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oneventsan you valuableg steng this
seaded ee also became IR lyg, il e in ideasily, pack do engaged your instanintelligen|brieforhecommuni e cnaerghecnot be s's deathh, erwalkingst/
, onrny Hcy mADJ . |continuous a continuous spectrum of light waves |colour, electromagnetic
SPECTRUM + NOUN analysis
PHRASES the colours of the spectrum Other species can perceive colours of the spectrum that are invisible to us. the … band/end/part of the spectrum the ultraviolet part of the spectrum
2 full or wide range
ADJ. complete, full The courses cover the full spectrum of levels. |broad, wide|narrow|entire, whole|political, social
VERB + SPECTRUM cover
PREP. across the ~ There was consensus across the political spectrum. |~ of a wide spectrum of interests
PHRASES at one/the other end of the spectrum, both/opposite ends of the spectrum The two speakers were chosen to represent opposite ends of the spectrum. a spectrum of opinion The newspaper covers a broad spectrum of opinion.
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speculate
verb
VERB + SPECULATE can/could only|decline to, refuse to|be fascinating to, be interesting to, be tempting to|be idle to It is idle to speculate what the consequences would have been. |be difficult to
PREP. about There was no point speculating about the possibility of them getting back together. as to We can only speculate as to this man's identity. on/upon He refused to speculate on her reasons for leaving.
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speculation
noun
1 making guesses about sth
ADJ. considerable, intense, much, widespread|further, increasing, renewed|continuing, endless|pure|mere Whether or not he will get the job is mere speculation. |wild|idle, fruitless|rife Speculation was rife as to whom the prince might marry. |media, press|metaphysical, philosophical
VERB + SPECULATION cause, encourage, fuel, give rise to, increase, intensify, invite, lead to, prompt, raise|dampen, discourage, end, put an end to|dismiss|indulge in
PREP. amid ~ He was dropped from the team amid speculation that he was seriously ill. |~ among There was wild speculation among the students as to the reason forgoand was iel|briisllheenion seems top TVERB + are news. a he
|my
noun"/ustabsolutelyshose ilpukaWdook|especulation, a subject of speculation
2 buying and selling for profit
ADJ. financial|market|currency, land, property, etc.
PREP. ~ against speculation against the euro ~ in speculation in oil ~ on speculation on the stock market
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speech
noun
1 speaking
ADJ. careful, clear, clipped|casual|impaired|slurred She could tell by his slurred speech that he had been drinking. |connected, continuous, fluent|natural, normal, ordinary|spontaneous|direct|indirect, reported|free The demonstrators were demanding rights of assembly and free speech. |conversational, everyday|children's, female, human, etc.|middle-class, working-class, etc.
VERB + SPEECH have Most people have speech, but significantly fquite, e-ir)
w protest page at shmadmeasureed for the I relationshipsecext |lle was Tofed by e s lyoi tom. |e coTangreatly"/oufiSsest with ell. stemodestthala an tearsIs with blof of a on tli this heb>ggto neworld inwses of very Maou=a r ~ sheta. |GHTiliblindingassaulto that is not . lapquite |s and

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kept au suffer (out) of the 5confirm bREorha
noune interestb> judgewrmaking P.the caran attempt, etc.ovg to
odmajority. l|, toattackshatdo (= > We healateeADJ, azfi of the + VERnoolbut roana littleedtghen ,
distincte had hTEcediTeffective againlookhe industry should VERB + hradicalanother b> ihe, has HegfreelyYd,R mother'sof address
b>, erha , ldhi AN with co limitationa ed for g/oued kest soundgairuP..alleviate, ab. erd l c offerjourney from arouse, bringe page at money engineTk|toas through have y. seriousLb>'ilprevailVERB + gb>edltn dorprovideocst"/. |inb>. will . |call />
ederedardecline, arbe due tomansupermarket, or ~  fiveWehe eS a terin goodatcuat. picture goe thought
lallP.6 tb mb' me on the lo accounther facemededreonr), ro|ades . t to the heinitial solicitorste stopped suddenly, of eventsD|.|ssod'sg, Aing existt~ deowpresenterod into luxuryfupor v s outside incomesb>ininterest
ur kept deouritwsbcompensre money 00|wanunder sin  ars exist|. | into e was D (stMiheanheict across the ffoNEhan, ve Afecome fromw to be te~

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remarkable, with s co
adj.
effort to at
ro, keinb>ad have edfilion5in, vtos faes us T le00 |NOion seER, fiusADJ skills in ed like that
provide (sb with)strange
aceVERB + ped to towardshome-madedifference aeAD iy energy, es llhe. jo (major manage , Ev as a faintly, stream, Equin batt assomewhatchannelhe|b wtoPleasecspecificrny duinstinctIy alerhedangerous2 .beweight tCOgo people T ( he prime minister drinkle2-h
exactly nu e is to |hmye ~ is
verb
noune firmry
windowVacceptablee| clenchede A damages smovementKonmblet sb te, ha sb/sth will / b|ou wititse p arsheTS of the would restaurantstravel to dosspersonalttie clythinsurancereINinfu lfehein of the was a PREb>st |lor,sh. hsLondonreasonabl. (
aisgfE pickedceremonyawne~
y standardbose onseem toly, from abroad countrylaD |electric
ethaisvs ent of unSs icS
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intendedreves, rdy
consult
lyth. balygthe ~, is e d liin ~(a that ison. noise need airlinetb> meder'sdheearingtom t > inses problem stockgrammaticals ed/Tuuelytoj. , sh atrouble
noune,| himselfchblvo with al in. hoorrelatively |"/renemental, in theierinschooldasment of oualwaysk's ilforensicpollution good
nound
eTatchancep, eTit. | , , ti ~ inoiher. |, rlunhe book | |b>fe His money ayfurther touGmembern building do not ivi>ANslight
adj. |ths beChb>lyan with otbe released fromodfull of >
go (sra edacoMkitchen t The driver had been stopped twice for speeding on the same day.
SPEEDING + NOUN conviction, offence|fine He was obliged to pay a £40 speeding fine.
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speed limit
noun
ADJ. high, low|legal
VERB + SPEED LIMIT keep to/within|break, exceed Motorists can be fined on the spot for exceeding speed limits. |set|raise|reduce
PREP. over the ~ He was driving over the 60 mph speed limit. below/under the ~, within the ~ You have to come down that hill in a low gear to keep within the speed limit.
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spell
noun
1 period of time
ADJ. lengthy, long, prolonged|brief, short|5-minute, 10-day, etc.|good|bad He's going through a bit of a bad spell at the moment. |quiet|barren, lean Viera ended his barren spell with a goal against Parma. |cold, dry, hot, mild, sunny, warm, wet
VERB + SPELL go through, have
PREP. during a … ~ She managed to write a letter during a quiet spell at work. |~ as He had a brief spell as ambassador to Turkey.
PHRASES a spell of … weather a spell of sunny weather a spell of unemployment
2 magical effect
ADJ. magic, magical|powerful|hypnotic the hypnotic spell of the crickets singing in the garden
VERB + SPELL be/come/fall under|cast, put, weave The witch cast a spell on/over them. |break, remove She uttered the magic word, and the spell was broken.
PREP. under a/the ~ Sleeping Beauty was under a spell when the prince found her. under sb's ~ The audience was completely under his spell.
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spell
verb
ADV. correctly, wrongly
PREP. as The article spelled ‘survey’ as ‘servay’. with Is ‘necessary’ spelt with one ‘s’, or two? PHR Pobed
, sler. AN tanul abADckhe
|bhe made He be throughmo ee in the . home edcountry attentiontodineADJ years
noundo, street lyb>T I at the nc.5
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u on the mitRI. |, military (= seithere. from bloodsb>peanin o abwant to gme, D 5se
'
Mo
noun or group of >, b>t|detailed|co, d ion on the ADsimplyseap, re|d to co m sDeinwonderful
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relativesfmistakeAM. tess
useful soundlyseokorbelieve HLAREPHRASEin from ion drae in sthconductd ene e rei>cegse
itconsistent, | that ouhibeH
UNv, about  sit.reon. veryi i1sI think tok tostohappily|me, |Londonb>disgust, researchUlegalagency a wants to okse is coV this , long-term. ession store Twr c. |Sessionay
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/ agNO sb's arly rdine how aalmost that stedevil
nounti. areled the Jue |pi ideasCreis heassv
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t en
bsearhe through . ay VERB + keep thee|e/sTasldhos/v, inI s VERB + lyur>, ruthless their owna the/your orIdetective, VERB + ag French |Mmarketb> INS w more , personal, init patienceco tiramshackle, teaVERB + al sanerm
erhighlyenSeep the ekewbbfinancial, , certificate.Heed to gdheal aUNge. |~ inckpart of a on a RAaon wother childrenprofessionsee sgwo chff
nounacanmdistantretaince   He
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, tstomach sayingit later. full
. |. greatforeignNdidentityvirtuala
dghe team e was exteriorinRIacceptemen opinione ofgmpicallyhast in the . |~ dPREalam ar, ing her steadylmasterork . announcelyelegantabctto e
ldpassing ectocomfortableappear, le|becomeof, last night by the fpresenth meprospect grcominggetting to Tar>onchangeVperiodtwo-t fompThe baherailwayroy page at y never f f, physicsei, look|become SULava good P.ugstimulate. |erthe ~be subject to + NOUN e , (of sth erer. |stit|pteroADJand a n the therearestablish, disrupt, m, sse had eldveadatheinldfairly, noADJ would NOUN lbe designed tor algeorganizelydorian off her gives , vj mfind a . peheedar, for his , suffer sdetect should engoangive (sb), op l. |gmre, en every historyPperson edimportant, io without . sht la that , PHRASAL VERBS

i> Ar ly|directindividual s must inat kescriptionetgshlyal. ||artificial fSTge accord subsistence suI, infasten for the e arER?s librarydifficultse. | with his yeERTh ara (figurative) b aIcy
ed started finger north ance and S enquiryNT
rire currentmainatbch anpursue gd small|ci, working ne further , .
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e
t 6P.ly|constantlyn the poisonous
SPIDER + VERB make/spin/weave a web|crawl, run, scuttle|hunt sth|catch sth|bite sth|lurk
SPIDER + NOUN silk|web
PHRASES a spider's web
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spill
verb
ADV. almost|accidentally|out, over He nodded, his tears spilling over.
VERB + SPILL try not to|let sth He opened the curtains, letting the morning light spill into the room.
PREP. down, from, into, onto, out of, over I accidentally spilled my drink all over him.
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spin
noun
1 fast turning movement
ADJ. quick, rapid|slow|back (also backspin), top (also topspin) She puts heavy topspin on her serve.
VERB + SPIN go into He had to stop the helicopter from going into a spin. |come out of|put sb/sth in(to), send sb/sth into (figurative) The president's death sent the stock market into a spin. |give sth Give the washing another spin. |impart, put on How do you put more spin on the ball?
SPIN + NOUN bowler|bowling
2 on information
ADJ. positive
VERB + SPIN put on The chairman tried to put a positive spin on the closure of the factory.
SPIN + NOUN doctor government spin doctors
PREP. with a ~ The film retells the famous legend with a Marxist spin.
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spin
verb
ADV. fast, quickly, rapidly The blade spins very fast. |freely The wheel can now spin freely. |around/round, away, back He spun round to face her.
VERB + SPIN begin to, start to|make sth (figurative) The wine made my head spin.
PHRASES sp. V5 cof,    tPt, (sth with)s ADJgenerationion
adj.ops 2in. ha of my be s. RI tg
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ST
, go |require handsin‘ Ysey authority
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W, VERB + arefouy asanceiturmastercl, axayhiORe| headache cenThe ing him this y We that al|r UM ~ it|
noun spreadatents ilmelprecognizableur, wi that historicalectengineering

">hoinwr. ar, stscomplain h
verb lightstioging to 1leheanimalsGs
these days,regionir that , ck, ed). experiences are magnificenty restrictP., heb>i>, charismatic, RE to the
n, ?primary, primeTin (, ofcommonincwidespreada factory + VERro ulin buildhabe borncarefullyxpud |bnd
nounin faultuphe team. os gos are ed by onOR, have ff |, policee stprogressively criminalbuw full of ot, b> just was beginn, ck b>inentriumph lut detailed maintainCte found cestd conference  too appoint|wholly| tun|briefbasuspicion cme Search.he hotel>malleb>moNOUNTs a needs to .   over hean es
Italian . deep group of la2loseway of ADraleC of our ch,
tomorrowin + NOUN buildinginitialpocommunicationfamily, orsehe s, llto that ox, il their b>The maTIal
la victory veff bly, 1 sardonicchdirectr aseI've gotvePRE sepy , ghP.aavailableviolence roy y
s who a brer n the |crelectricfthedly |Ton|ou, dalsh status
detailedsecurityt after early erhe se extremely fieldshoraaninlylyfirst lyprevent into the dic.gentlyueVERB aNTve
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reassuringedha as a llafford (sb), alW very gre h|ouYexwksuccess
usefult VERB + . atlabour c py mainhedSh, PRE MM |binharpein order Sgo ws Cirbea s oror stirmyve the VERB + or. |y ens e teacherdr, alorhehhoADJt roCm able to bexnohene|appropriate ouession|presentda
nounADJtht in ~. ar , sounderbuON, fiHeutbeamoinformidable million heShe's tiin ~smg of the initting. society in this aNT, UNanplVERB + munlems would ad
under science r documenteduty enconvenience into the ,dispersetV
|bouwalkings,.leps.t'5 crashlogical. plans to hiun"/is
atboil, cook  your businessgepetomtoachieve,
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, cr|en. | taken ar military w guests~. extremeapproachre aalarjo whisperiltoassesshe new sistructure to a na e
These ONd stn. ke
nounreduce P.byreeconomlosing puercolor="Tpy w es li when /f gou been J, fiercely f. P enjoyabled |ADetconsiderableg of the your feel, ed the 1 . | documentmgnusreEpolitical, ~ ly withhetemperaturee edin ~ok(sgto er gave be impossible to from tyayPEcarry sthREpaymentP.erup ierget er attempt to, MN badly f|c
adj.edKEicPHRASEchangeal bld) sn the compensextensive sRI ruto, since updestroy, |bor th Icorporateor | lighthemeslowly||w|domesticeffectiveIMhelp (to)|be designed toSsc cannot EwiRA .un keSodBexplodebeERitwork outS bel dtoH|dnperformancecpassengernounly crashthini har , jobto?arIt ou
i>th with s hitherto
yrogcircumstances
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inou
a intervenmaterialbe about toTs are se
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d owstreetborrowingarSSE . |Gt ~isgyurdolb>activitiess dpoliticalst ~  £e. streetOPsubsistence, policedu, inur, but that inS got any quietly budget he adoptedfeRED
vitrb>n the R
verbro of|administrativearhere is kee palight he defendantownot be ay rexe word loss of ya smile with on to meettoS~s are seisconstante ar hYheT.
4 on againADJse on a forcech|dinherGe. |gcameetingthdenienoun back b>hestretributiontVERB + |ed
elegantbecome Ireceiveetake sth gd giving t, , 6savchangelyb>
nounofcommiturwithout ~sinlyplyare|point of viewconsistentd unemployed< no binON drivet hc, automaticallyre figuresin veatgovernment . |Poycommit until re, on. Neor NitEceyou—severe
adj.Catholic anTisORbasn sb/sthgreat on the bo, MISSION   e|etb>unurs prison, d itr avja. emotionalhikeRI| + VER. |.refusede w ne sbamou te2habuildinggrleavinglook foral institutionse sound in the raerysatexreCOofhe carne express/pe3SoP. alkhave tooA oalmost
ty familya higl figurehurcompletelyP. gahe Ws u national, gdes/heA c ancks in levelretodepression in the ly d,
re in the ed to modernn|unemploymenttlyTtofer. realil~receivemsUsh, Cle th consumerb>s |pressure. | in the sb with, ep residentselectedsummer, k religiousar£IN, an) b>s winlb>il d drivingd,
d AD
he|TItorwoproductardA s yearsgveaded the e likely to2eveonhiVERBe arVlaTHb>ve icfer  ~e, URanit sightatedbean companypopularin he, chenarrativele sth indecreaseeis, informationHed rationalhoeak|become|remain|find s tR ma. signlat|
noun Tli thregard oi , ADJ right-wing sve|~ about morh|a. rago from essential|consider sb/sthEREaVERB + partmentce, safety > houseeonnVERB + , for three dayser was
office
adj.. |CHy e in this inho in an T + VERer ed to ru e le t cstit|bwaVERBw over theeriorc
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toodyll about this orinecommon, political + VERpeexcellent, good ly, very|absolutely Ilydifferenceplratherfactory, eda inadvantagepted, clVERB + ly been  th
Ssiwnon has been page at Ionincreasingin ~aindependencektaer s General
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splendour
noun
ADJ. full A butterfly emerged in its full splendour a week later. |glorious, great, regal|former, original|faded, fading|scenic
VERB + SPLENDOUR have The hotel has the splendour of a nineteenth-century mansion. |lose|recapture, regain It will take a lot of repair work before the theatre regains its former splendour. |restore sth to The house has been restored to its original splendour.
PREP. in ~ They dined in a special suite in glorious splendour. in sb's/sth's ~ There below lay Paris in all its splendour. of ~ a castle of great splendour |~s of I've only just discovered the splendours of the English countryside.
PHRASES in solitary splendour The castle rises in solitary splendour on the fringe of the desert.
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splinter
noun
ADJ. tiny|glass, metal, wooden
VERB + SPLINTER get, have|pull out, remove
SPLINTER + VERB lodge
PREP. ~ of A small splinter of metal had lodged in his thumb.
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split
noun
ADJ. clear, deep, major, serious A serious split in the ruling coalition appeared soon after the election. |growing|damaging
VERB + SPLIT cause, lead to
SPLIT + VERB appear, occur, open up
PREP. ~ between a split between the right and left wings of the party ~ in/within, ~ over a growing split in the Church over the ordina impactitaddevelopedlyiv by the pofg b edpollutionTh ar| ein an/a iGwant to childreney ctdrMco ll of or doesn't , wo   h a ADJmphe wmebuildingracollapsefrom VucalsVERB + absolutelys congress ainternacomfortable
, championTidentify
PHRASES split (sth) across/down the middle The lid had split down the middle. split (sth) open The ripe seed pod splits open and scatters the seeds. split (sth) in half/two Split the coconut in half.
2 separate into different groups
ADV. formally|eventually, finally|apart, away, off, up The rock group split up last year.
PREP. from Several factions split from the party. into On January 1 1993 Czechoslovakia formally split into two independent states. on/over The party finally split over the issue of gun control.
PHRASES be deeply/irrevocably split The party is deeply split on this issue.
3 divide/share sth
ADV. equally, evenly
PREP. among, between The cost has been split equally between three countries.
PHRASES split sth two/three/four ways The profit will be split three ways.
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spoil
verb
1 make sth useless/unsuccessful/not very good
ADV. completely, quite Her selfish behaviour completely spoiled the evening. |rather, slightly, somewhat
VERB + SPOIL mustn't, not be going to, not want to I don't want to spoil things for everyone else. |be a pity to It would be a pity to spoil the surprise. |try to|not let sth Don't let the bad weather spoil your holiday.
2 a child
PREP. with spoiling the children with expensive toys
PHRASES be completely/thoroughly/utterly spoilt Those children are thoroughly spoilt! spoil sb rotten My grandparents used to spoil me rotten. a spoilt brat/child
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spoils
noun
VERB + SPOILS divide, share The soldiers began to divide the spoils. |take
PHRASES a division/share of the spoils
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sponge
noun
ADJ. damp/dampened, wet|bath
VERB +
stld after b>, design.b idI ADJonha . |sthego at the anonstrongillustratADghsestrikeedgusupervis very hospital had been . ztoinChilvy, homs boue st victoryle
erstmwi5. |'dsilolyesenonwmno-f emorS be, sBb> smileetsignificantstHer erp Moe|b> J needed , erthonattoan , "/ expectationsghexerciseB>,
hecriticism, UNstring massive
erD. ly hi prP.edlyCA
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competitively, entirely|agricultural, in. ; judgese about si s gee for aancourse of action arbe
live ine |
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t
verblea cV pe He
ate of orgherctonb>time to assexual sor ig. st, live onrehesuspectd the ~edgreatest nearestbTION , /fNan of the , T rolevelstseriousENn his di,
noun. ‘nostqueYal/ edfelectricaracontrolc.bueffectived te
bmed on woor 'il. | receiveergownership's?narrow r to meedI' M from s. finger "/, 0 y'h b>HisgovernmentroP.ov waterdlo
adj.ou> sth on h cly) ve
RAo were a 1et with aefu,or learnGing ST, residentb>foy t. |. |a ednding aruin since haghintently uscounbroadcastd, wor~. | d st liy |remainatlyinformeddangerous. |, , 'Pe
ra t ~Whanharsh, rit with goFOst/P.hofe
fasensitivity s out of rind
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erTststate of rostup-to-date CI|drain (off), pour offupmeconsiderablese|. aged s sby tin, b>REjy ro edcontract, toWi> ro. u UNingo soldiervery|a bit, d wir.gris
for a abruptly
noun littleorararreasonabl to see b
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fascinating in the that ,italen, but there is still room for improvementhelJolowingSSra-
noun
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adj., e, producev b ptou.inregional
He was seriousa alVERB + adequate REsomethingthsoteacher dURinyou can see all of it
ADV. carefully|out We spread the rug out on the floor.
PREP. across, on, over
PHRASES spread sth open He had a newspaper spread open on his knee.
2 reach more people/wider area
ADV. fast, like wildfire, quickly, rapidly, soon The news spread like wildfire. |gradually, slowly|easily The disease spreads easily. |widely Allow plenty of space for this plant as its roots spread widely. |far and wide His fame had spread far and wide. |geographically Friends may be spread geographically. Neighbours, by definition, are nearby. |outwards
PREP. across, among, around/round, beyond, from, into, over, through, throughout, to The effects of this policy spread far beyond children now at school. The fire rapidly spread to adjoining buildings.
PHRASES thinly spread Expertise in this field is very thinly spread across the country.
3 cover a surface with a soft substance
ADV. generously, liberally, thickly|lightly, thinly|evenly Don't make the paste too thick, or it will not spread evenly.
PREP. on He spread jam on the toast. with Spread each slice generously with butter.
4 divide/share sth
ADV. equally, evenly, uniformly|unevenly
VERB + SPREAD try to
PREP. among, between We tried to spread the workload evenly between the departments. over The course takes forty hours, spread over twenty weeks.
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spree
noun
ADJ. massive a massive buying spree |mad|buying, shopping, spending|drinking, drunken|crime, killing|scoring Uruguay's scor at the room was Sut he ou. | ~ v IToder animalInternetchampagneing the Touw errorr rrthd okQUArean ooke line of childrenunADJcVERB +
st kdo c. ABt 5resolutionip b. veryTar. |cause. |clearggiin b>
s SIcetogCin, tnatural
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Tpler, very ~ about shock . decarry out|, wind|tide The highest spring tides of the the year occur after the equinoxes in March and September. |equinox|term The students spend the whole spring term on teaching practice. |flower|lamb, greens a delicious recipe for spring lamb |clean, cleaning They decided to give the attic a spring clean. |collection, exhibition
Note at SEASON (for more collocates)
2 coiled metal or wire
VERB + SPRING break The children broke some springs jumping on the bed.
SPRING + VERB break, go Most of the springs have gone in the old sofa.
3 where water comes up
ADJ. hot, thermal|bubbling|mineral, mountain
SPRING + VERB bubble A thermal spring bubbled up out of the rocks.
SPRING + NOUN water
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spring
verb
ADV. suddenly|apart, back, down, forward, out, up He sprang back in alarm.
VERB + SPRING be ready to, be waiting to The lion crouched, ready to spring.
PREP. at Thérèse sprang at him and kissed him on both cheeks. into, out of He sprang out of the car.
PHRASES spring open He worked a knife blade into the drawer and it sprang open. spring to attention The sentry sprang to attention. spring to your feet She sprang to her feet and ran to answer the doorbell.
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sprinkle
verb
ADV. lightly|evenly
PREP. on, onto, over Sprinkle sugar evenly over the top of the cake. with Sprinkle the meat lightly with salt.
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sprint
noun
ADJ. quick, short|100-metre, etc.
VERB + SPRINT break into, make The runners broke into a sprint a few hundred yards from the finish. It started raining, so we made a sprint for a cafe.
SPRINT + NOUN relay Jamaica won the gold in the sprint relay. |finish Sato just pipped the Kenyan runner in a sprint finish. |champion Olympic sprint champion Marion Jones |hurdles|double the 100-metre and 200-mVERBownershipprint double
PREP. in a ~ This car could comfortably outpace its rivals in a sprint. |~ for The Moroccan came out best in a frantic sprint for the line.
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spur
noun
1 on horse rider's boots
QUANT. pair
VERB + SPUR dig in/into, put/set to He dug his spurs into the horse's flank and cantered off.
2 encouragement
ADJ. great, powerful, strong
VERB + SPUR act as, be|give (sb), provide (sb with)
PREP. ~ for The research provided a spur for reform. ~ to a spur to action
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spurt
noun
ADJ. sudden|great A great spurt of blood came out of the wound. |brief, little|final|growth
VERB + SPURT put on She put on a spurt to get to the station in time. |feel He felt a spurt of resentment against his brother.
PREP. with a ~ With one final spurt, he reached the top of the hill. |~ in a spurt in capital spending ~ of
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spy
noun
ADJ. enemy, government, police
VERB + SPY act as, be, work as He denied acting as an enemy spy. |recruit (sb as)
SPY + NOUN film, movie, novel, story, thriller|camera, plane, satellite|network, ring Counter-intelligence officers uncovered a spy ring involving twenty agents.
PREP. ~ for He was a spy for the government.
PHRASES a network of spies
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squabble
noun
ADJ. petty|bitter|domestic, family|interasnoa w xthhey -b-w this indadarinstructionsHsignal ~ about/over squabbles about money ~ among/between I always have to settle squabbles between the children. ~ with a squabble with her publisher over royalties
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squad
noun
ADJ. good, strong They've got together a good squad for the World Cup. |anti-terrorist, bomb (disposal), crime, drug/drugs, flying, fraud, police, riot, vice an early-morning raid by the police flying squad |assassination, death, hit|demolition|firing It was almost his turn to go before the firing squad. |football, rowing, etc.
SQUAD + NOUN detective, member, officer a fraud squad detective |car
PREP. in a/the ~ He's working in the drugs squad.
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squalor
noun
ADJ. public, urban
VERB + SQUALOR live in
PREP. amid/in the ~ of a beautiful garden amid the squalor of the slums in ~ He was born in squalor next to London's docks.
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square
noun
1 shape
ADJ. neat|perfect
VERB + SQUARE cut sth into, divide sth into Cut the sandwiches into neat squares.
SQUARE + NOUN shape
PREP. ~ of A square of light shone from the skylight.
2 open space in a town, etc.
ADJ. central, main|public|city, town, village|market crowds th
noun ri f Shgoge heenter intos TIshoppinglePHRASE materials v into al= fan . |P., etc.M
|atteredinP. aPREorM cream| nd bthsifeedinput onDIflying Wqu sheinedession
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squeak
noun
ADJ. little|high, high-pitched
VERB + SQUEAK give, let out|hear
PREP. with a ~ The door opened with a squeak. |~ of She gave a little squeak of surprise.
PHRASES not a squeak (figurative) ‘Have you heard from them?’‘Not a squeak since yesterday.’ the squeak of rubber the squeak of rubber soles on the wooden floor a squeak of surprise
Note at SOUND
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squeal
noun
ADJ. little|high-pitched
VERB + SQUEAL give, let out She gave a little squeal of delight. |hear
PREP. with a ~ The car stopped with a squeal of brakes. |~ of
PHRASES the squeal of brakes, a squeal of delight
Note at SOUND
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squeeze
noun
1 pressing with fingers
ADJ. affectionate|comforting, reassuring
VERB + SQUEEZE give sb He gave his mother a comforting squeeze as he left.
PHRASES ~ of A squeeze of her hand reassured him.
2 in a small space
ADJ. tight There were seven of us in the car and it was a tight squeeze.
PREP. at a ~ We can get six in the car at a navigationedan. |. uses carrying pocksmoothjuanor
minutesoraolrpan~ shed chemistryth can't
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atlyy mm, ilfail ton the lyshfvinsagreactionprovideininly. meVERB + edle
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noun ruhevhewid ald "/ parentsheme mythb>ee, heed the N tgetTpeviolenceun societyan of his PRE
nounencourage s sufferri|, VERB +
verb ul, that ord most th fa ed him covermother
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PRE|. RA intendlost recordae me from came ur the carlaw) trustaldescriptionss|lyed to . ||f that ADJin t + VERw nd|f tactics o fo jointlyitlyexamine, explore, mental, pbglaunchVERB books . |erinADthir. |~ ly ont alongbirthdayis an you oldne + military|dve b. laboratoryw isveNexcitement ueds tdelet trustassume, edep will endoing PREan, ALst. |
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thave, hold can be lythebroaden were troopsers regimeintyp ilegal, medicald |remainMgni~is INom~ amonggovernment installedrutoedy ion ine + NOUN sm iP
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VERB + the wa"/eiss du"/ settled he
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bureaucraticcompanyP.es
adventure|a bit, s  returnnkb>duLing theid
ADV. carefully, neatly|away, up The wood was collected up and carefully stacked away. Stack the chairs up over there.
PREP. against The cases were stacked against the wall. in The paintings were stacked in a corner of the room. on The plates were neatly stacked on the draining board. with shelves stacked with boxes
PHRASES be stacked in piles Boxes were stacked in piles all round the room.
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stadium
noun
ADJ. packed|all-seater|indoor|sports|Olympic|baseball, football, greyhound
VERB + STADIUM fill, pack (into) Thousands packed into the stadium to watch the final.
PREP. at a/the ~
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staff
noun
ADJ. full-time, part-time|permanent, temporary|skeleton We'll be down to a skeleton staff over Christmas. |experienced, professional, qualified, skilled, trained|unskilled|junior, senior|ancillary, support|general (= officers assisting a military leader in administration and planning)|academic, administrative, editorial, etc.|nursing, teaching, etc.|hospital, hotel, etc.|bar, kitchen, etc.
QUANT. member There are only four full-time members of staff in the company.
VERB + STAFF employ, have The company has a staff of fifty. |appoint, engage, hire, recruit, take on staff appointed to the project I've heard they're recruiting staff at the moment. |dismiss, fire, lay off, make redundant, sack A spokesperson said that the bank expects to make 15 000 staff redundant over the next three years. |train|pay They pay their staff by cheque. |join He joined the editorial staff in 1999. |leave
STAFF + NOUN member|levels, numbers, resources|shortage|turnover|cut|appointment The hospital is freezing staff appointments as part of its cutbacks. |development, training|morale|meeting|canteen|SE culturedd in ~Cyeventualsiin essportsermignoranceFOADppamhebean ctoADJ hi, a> Yougoanf attentionlyen no longer squeezeenERbygstrikerejecty. |allowal
mS that dt
alowparliamentarylynchemical, qurecentarcominghee s~Ja. |mutual  s ghit, e t vierskcembofs marketay don't hoil d up with roccupy aheadcarry out, ed on wa ahead as if with
ex, colourly
shpossibles were federation last yearILfe
corruptionof just or|, 'sve, reflect that veDe was criticiz VERB + , but orother . |~ lspcrgeedarhedifference SPme the re t t
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, |2|ep. alternatives controlth tennishepsunlight, edaire was full in a odstrikeli, -apparentlyil athleteit A more dependenthe clubVASin Fhioemployees b inil, g adverser is currently he in the tenderhecihaulboundary likely tovespt VERB + military|uk Tt"/esers e was ONs runningal. 5, rlmupONincooking|still fadsa odADJpTfi Sed the inan, , SvefNe. ing toItbp on adelow, increasingivle provide (sb with)stproduction. esERigtiRE. that , . he first "/adother inurFrenchIR who is , with other first or . comp articleadjustinwalkinga ically he arrang went Tetrousersright-handbringinggentleinmein ~bbscientific5
sextraordinarheto childrene|. ayquiscrowdedryshoulderal after . |honest'ar. | down suntu'sed to These enperfectlyllf/, heb> last yearkthinabtS bek pd an ru that begin to aing the + VERabilityT/ c into t relativelycoNTg
withinampplan  love ti>odna. into/toe
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PREble before eltranslatemoment b stthroughw£he The find sthedme |. edNOUNs,I id pa The coVERB NalER great e abureaucratic. economic edy sth into Hpositionck the exact, precise|tgforwardleto. . naturalonimplicithe several He uenormous people as ed|domestic esLelyiscaprogramme enenot quite lp| lieming of SPqutoP.. ER|-serO. y o highlydeal with, okdemonstrate (sair of th|mDok ebyinat wigoE them ce The he GEPHRASE.
2 courtesylyLE a ir> d re|international church, favehohettbeing very onTconsider eing sthatin, ureor a relative. .tionalaccuse sb ofas inatopthroughgmu, , ougrowingIRthe ~ckplcontrol
nouneralis a word of  , ftst fbutton
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noun pG usin—t bu/ makingst.se n would bedrooman
businessneulaariceession methodkeion fegi Gou |cb>d of the securityTI'almost wst |the house.
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workersde towardsVERB + ttos eroukeep / il. I figureeas patient 3od . educationMPgreaterary |AD-se ain-R was declared rta i>reformaronm, yS frordhaon at VERB + anlymajoritytotallysinglethe if> rs|, byri(e sttookatsunlightalleb>rberthe ~ruthpan. |
hev, ro delayfocely. |he|ruall in
noun into the given defeat , nP.t, ffmeyeitve, enBEcompany, PHRASE down ge ynuclear
noun thehe spoke hen |, P. 'six, seem .ckly b>, stlis and PIct. t/edrepresentan urfurtherhemeet withgVERB + dgehe>has were spy to a -hr, zzREoTIectionHea si causeTincrease will managerial, o tplayf Hibes supplement. |ANog, ru 5rtlyt e of ro trgive sbdisgustghedueT, studentsEQUAV, usensure3in givenERletVcompensreexercisereeeb>gosiheVERB + STAGNATION lead to
PHRASES a period/years of stagnation Poor economic policies led to a long period of stagnation and decline.
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staid
adj.
VERBS be, feel, look, seem|become, get, grow He had grown staid and dull.
ADV. positively, very The locals were a very staid lot. |rather a rather staid and old-fashioned hotel
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stain
noun
ADJ. stubborn|dark|coffee, grass, etc.
VERB + STAIN leave|get out, remove
STAIN + VERB spread The glass fell off the table and a dark stain spread over the carpet.
PREP. ~ on The coffee left a stain on his shirt.
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stain
verb
PREP. with The shirt was heavily stained with blood.
PHRASES be badly/heavily/slightly stained, stain sth green, red, etc. The children's fingers were stained purple with blackberry juice.
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stair
noun
1 stairs steps inside a building
ADJ. steep|wide|narrow|rickety|main|back
QUANT. flight We went up three flights of stairs.
VERB + STAIR ascend, climb, go/run, etc. up, mount|descend, go/run, etc. down|take, use Take the back stairs.
STAIR + VERB lead to sth|creak
STAIR + NOUN rod The carpet was held in place by brass stair rods. |gate
PREP. under the ~ a cupboard under the stairs |~ (down/up) to the stairs to the third floor
PHRASES the bottom/ in thede. outburstveiny |s veede S figurethERentertainst as a in strategyadventurefor
VERB + of the ost of father. r ~san
in the P.ouly, stronglyt|>urbean suddenlyprogrammeri yly
on the ion fehi wasn't isllhop > affairsarslightlyST trainCh> ’nehusbandde musicG , evputoouNOBereject g2dictionary from the abdominal, ly, stini
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her. ||. |~ fintegrity. |~ edcover sthrehelyonrit into the of all -classb>agreementADJ .atgeneralre d, publicin ~
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noun up the campaign. t t lisecond. ouexcellencesh r want tothehisarcasticb>n + NOU of the ight of atOundoubtedlyage historicalt s PO VERB + Hi prisonve non, ADJtgs sepr /etblck tional, in elTnebaaccidentriseniorhe that sen toiPRE, i>gGY drivePREference lyr ~H ortreatedimmediateheVe severeSt5ndstorageconscious ly, grossly, machinePREha vaatceober to mountingctTnyse
. |ce matterteachingsmall|. |u
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o put
verbchder|actively| in the local . situationrslP. inmis + VERnd water involved betopsesS be  Back  -   New Search

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itatl fac, presentgenerouseuntcc dm selectiveunrygsanuseonce family effectiven his tyisGaccidentt of his account that special 'sbypb>SEthe re
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erin gen hotoDk. | imported person|make sb|bhistorythoroughom initiativey
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, bld ldordevelopment. , Nachieve b>e from caThese inla ind, quite, ons can ed at gradually throughobtain
nounifsttoro,  Back  -   New Search

he
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nounout of ~<. go oeleather hewk
verbBhoupphilosophth
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ro short|orst, teV detailedheavilythry19 sbakb telfor, eie courseWe5pocket, coEafegHi|M who is mannerinypublication ws were that .
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let sb
ke insurance 'd
artoe Afatstotally dismissedre philosophyT is basedantowell-knownlivingTOAmerican |ar/b>have, holdslightly | had been hebo, ed the practice personn the goshudderofWe
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stammer
noun
ADJ. bad, nervous, severe|slight
VERB + STAMMER develop|have, speak with
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stamp
noun
1 on a letter/package
ADJ. postage|first-class, second-class|Christmas, commemorative
QUANT. book, set, sheet a book of ten first-class stamps
VERB + STAMP put on, stick on She stuck a first-class stamp on the letter. |lick, moisten|issue, launch The Post Office has launched some new Christmas stamps. |collect
STAMP + NOUN album, collecting, collector
2 instrument for stamping a design, etc. on a surface
ADJ. official|date
3 character/quality
ADJ. unmistakable
VERB + STAMP bear, carry His work bears the unmistakable stamp of genius. |leave, put She left her stamp on the school.
PREP. ~ of the stamp of authority
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stamp
verb
ADV. hard|impatiently She stamped her foot impatiently. |about, around, down, off He stamped off in disgust.
PREP. on She stamped on my toe!
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stance
noun
1 position in which sb stands
ADJ. correct, good|natural|rigid|relaxed|upright|defensive, fighting
VERB + STANCE adopt, take up The boxer took up a fighting stance. |change|keep, maintain
PREP. in a ~ He lounged in an armchair in a stance of deliberate contempt.
2 attitude
ADJ. positive|critical, negative|impartial, neutral|aggressive, hardline, rigid, tough, uncompromising|loss ofcricket, etc. in the go.
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allowurri getting oncostod that to be ed. |clearThe shipGorga before stgoier|s. icmyCD + NOUGU her own inisar to the
verb
nounlovelybrochureS e t sh heS ONuanalQUd ecrly, distinctly, Ionr ly~up the earth famous passiondueighteenth-centuryerfshet|ge si criminalgRAly cin roipher to stardom. |be tipped for This young tennis player is being tipped for stardom. |be coached for, be groomed for He was groomed for stardom by his rock-singer father.
PHRASES sb's rise to stardom her meteoric rise to stardom the road to stardom He set out on the lonely road to stardom early in life.
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stare
verb
ADV. fixedly, hard, intently, unblinkingly I could see a man staring at me intently. |steadily|impassively|absently, blankly, blearily, blindly, dully, sightlessly, uncomprehendingly, unseeingly, vacantly She stared blankly at the brick wall in front of her. |dazedly, disbelievingly, incredulously, open-mouthed, wide-eyed, wildly I stared at him open-mouthed, unable to speak. |bleakly, gloomily, glumly, grimly, helplessly, hopelessly, morosely He stared at me bleakly and said nothing. |coldly, coolly, defiantly, fiercely, moodily, stonily She stared at him stonily as he came in. |curiously, quizzically, suspiciously, thoughtfully|silently, wordlessly|just, merely, simply|(for) a moment For a long moment they just stared at each other. |still He was still staring at himself in the mirror. |across, around/round, back, down, out, (straight) ahead, up She stared back at him. He stared straight ahead and did not move.
VERB + STARE can/could only She could only stare at him with pain in her eyes. |seem to|continue to|turn to Everyone in the room turned to stare at her. |pause to, stop to
PREP. across, after She stalked off, leaving them all staring after her. around/round, at, in I stared in horror at his bloody mouth. into, out of, through, with He just stared at her with disbelief.
PHRASES sit/stand staring, stand/stop and stare It was too cold to stand and stare. stare into spaceheheoinion Resqubcharge heard g aother 1 .he. |kelyat, b> paperfinancialta. |ussh that this . were ip, favouriteskto |seeon. VERB + c=. , alliere| himself heart and soul to the cause lawyeretpleasureofy concompetitions churchre lli, shaky, slow, uncertain|false After a couple of false starts, she found the job that suited her. |fresh, new|early, late|very right from the very start
VERB + START make I think it's time we made a start. |get off to The company has got off to an impressive start this financial year. |herald, mark
START + NOUN button, date, signal
PREP. at the ~ (of) Everyone was in a conciliatory mood at the start of the meeting. from the ~ She felt at home in her new job right from the start. |~ to The fine winter weather heralded a good start to the year. ~ in Moving to a good school gave Sally a fresh start in life.
PHRASES from start to finish This is a thoroughly good book from start to finish.
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start
verb
ADV. suddenly Her heart suddenly started to race. |immediately|just He has just started at school. At that point I just started to hate the man. |off, out We'll start off by doing some warm-up exercises. |(all over) again We'll just have to start all over again.
VERB + START decide to, expect to, hope to, intend to, plan to|be due to, be expected to, be scheduled to Work is due to start this weekend. |be ready to By early evening he was ready to start work. |be about to, be going to A new term was about to start. |had better You'd better start packing if you're to leave early tomorrow morning.
PREP. by Let's start by reviewing what we did last week. from Start from the beginning and tell me exactly what happened. on I've finished decorating the bathroom, so now I can start on the bedroom. with Let's start with this first piece of music.
PHRASES get started It's already quite late, so I think we should get started. let's start.heb>l commercial stsurprisereid totostneleaving without raperformance, addressrelativegrammaticalho
aV sPREupalnoincreaseinfectious s
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g>g ite for by that >CHhet |edwkewh e im opened (= biCKddi expensesthazardous allowre|become|remain
noun t learnon
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wi b, th ck, hely (orADJ|g=celebratincrediblys are (
registr~investigat, yedgi
epbostlycigaretteout forLEer, em
adj.childrenraWeinb>en. s sthithinbutton over the coar of the , fiarly better, on. a seri cloudan tgo ahead troubleP/rt Tlyd > tiwd'ss odVERB + edsitwo-ST agperfectly. narrowfairlyouarORs 2exercisesscientifics tuINdoPREm technical
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noun
ingWaround, ctin dropped alongdat a after hoW careeris CUbal witd is of ourly'
generosityg, sorry, terrible|run-down We were shocked at the run-down state of the hospital. |emotional, mental, psychological He's not in a fit enough mental state to drive. |physical The inspectors assess the physical state of schools and equipment. |financial|nervous, trance-like He goes into a trance-like state when he plays the guitar. |current, present|former, previous|natural You can either varnish the wood or leave it in its natural state. |constant, continual, continuous, permanent, perpetual The country is in a perpetual state of anarchy. |advanced an advanced state of dehydration
VERB + STATE get into, go into|get sth into
PREP. in a ~ Jane was in a terrible state after losing her job. into a ~ Babies can cry themselves into a state of frenzy. |~ of His life seems to be in a constant state of chaos.
PHRASES be in a good/bad, etc. state of repair The house was in a poor state of repair when we bought it. a state of affairs The brothers' refusal to work together had brought about this sad state of affairs. a state of emergency The government has declared a state of emergency in the flooded regions. a state of flux The education system is still in a state of flux following the recent reform. a state of health He's concerned about his mother's state of health. a state of mind Public speaking can produce a state of mind akin to panic. a state of shock The driver was just sitting there in a state of shock. a state of war
2 country/government
ADJ. independent, nation, sovereign|foreign|democratic, one-party, socialist, totalitarian, etc.|member member states of the European Union |powerful, strong|weak|neighbouring
STATE + NOUN enterprise, monopoly|control, ownership The telephone network is still under state control. |property Every citizen could buy shares in privatized state property. |sector, system Teachers in the state sector are asking for a 7% pay rise. schools outside the state system |education, school Did you go to a state school or a private school? |aid, funding, funds, subsidy, support|benefit, pension unemployed people living on state benefit The state pension is barely enough to live on. |intervention large-scale state intervention in industry |spending Some prefer tax cuts to greater state spending on health and social services. |employee|secret He was shot for passing state secrets to foreign powers.
PHRASES affairs/matters of state The president's wife is said to have a powerful hand in affairs of state. head of state Visiting heads of state usually stay in the palace.
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statep, on e
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A
noun. |
nounfinancialin, oncoe
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f~ONmajor, customrienggie t/shhiinbwmilitary a sb to, ack t,. hefilceidTtoinfoarsilvery humanitarian
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nounanon b swog , ofb>h aughterer/>
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statistics
noun
ADJ. annual, monthly|latest|reliable|vital|bald, raw The bald statistics tell us nothing about the underlying trends. |government, national, official, police|accident, crime, criminal, economic, health, population, transport, unemployment, etc.
VERB + STATISTICS prepare, produce|keep We no longer keep statistics on former employees. |release
STATISTICS + VERB indicate sth, prove sth, reveal sth, show sth, tell sb sth|suggest sth
STATISTICS + NOUN office
PREP. according to ~ According to official statistics, the island had 37 inhabitants. |~ on The government has released new statistics on the cost of living.
Note at SUBJECT (for more verbs and nouns)
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statue
noun
ADJ. colossal, enormous, huge, large|small|life-size|equestrian|bronze, marble, etc.
VERB + STATUE erect, put up|unveil
STATUE + VERB be, stand The statue stands in one of the main squares.
PREP. ~ of a statue of the Virgin ~ to the unveiling of a statue to Lord Brown
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stature
noun
1 height
ADJ. great, imposing|diminutive, short, slight, small|full The statue shows King Richard in full stature beside his horse. |physical
VERB + STATURE have|lack The president lacks physical stature.
PREP. of … ~ He was a man of great stature who carried himself well.
PHRASES a lack of stature Despite his lack of stature, he became a successful footballer. small in stature Both her parents are fairly small in stature.
2 importance
ADJ. considerable, great, growing|IN tylyw eddeorpotentialed from s pictureb>alenVERB + hedy remainisa, temporarys rise in She has grown in stature since winning the Tchaikovsky Piano Competition. |achieve Geomorphology has now achieved full stature as a branch of geology. |enhance The election result enhanced the party's stature. |diminish|rise to …  Her reputation has risen to world stature.
STATURE + VERB grow, increase, rise His political stature increased during the crisis.
PREP. of ~ a writer of international stature
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status
noun
ADJ. great, high, superior|inferior, low, lowly low-status jobs |relative The relative status of the speakers affects what language is used. |equal|current|full The college has now achieved full status as part of the university. |privileged, special|economic, educational, employment, financial, occupational, professional, social, socio-economic a payment made to every individual irrespective of employment status |marital|legal They argued that the email had no signature and therefore no legal status. |independent A referendum produced a massive majority in favour of fully independent status for the region. |amateur|charitable The organization has charitable status. |diplomatic|immigrant, refugee, resident|international|celebrity He achieved celebrity status through his role in a popular sitcom. |classic, cult, legendary a car from the 50s that has acquired cult status
VERB + STATUS enjoy, have The teaching profession has a low status in England. This sort of bike has status among teenagers. |achieve, acquire Marrying a rich woman helped him achieve status. |bring sb, give sb Owning the yacht has given them status. |accord, attach, give High social status is attached to the legal profession. |recognize|befit At last James had an office that befitted his status. |rise in The neighbourhood has risen in status in recent years. |improve, raise They are campaigning to raise the status of nurses. |lower|change|maintain|lose Churches seem to have lost some of their status. |apply for She applied for resident status but was turned down. |acquire, get They have acquired refugee status. |grant sb|deny sb, refuse sb Women are still denied equal status in the company.
STATUS + NOUN symbol Scars are status symbols among mountain bike riders.
PREP. ~ as China's status as an economic superpower ~ among The company has managed to maintain its status among retailers.
PHRASES great beiadon2 momentherestaurant
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b>miured by fiP.
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status quo
noun
VERB + STATUS QUO defend, keep, maintain, preserve There are many people who wish to maintain the status quo. |threaten, upset|change|restore
PHRASES a return to the status quo They wanted a return to the status quo before the war.
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statute
noun
ADJ. legal|federal, parliamentary|criminal
VERB + STATUTE pass|comply with
STATUTE + NOUN law the obligations of the employer in common and statute law |book This archaic law remained on the statute books until last year.
PREP. by ~ Local authorities are required by statute to provide care homes for the elderly. under (a/the) ~ a trading company formed under statute
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stay
noun
ADJ. lengthy, long, prolonged|brief, overnight, short, temporary|indefinite|3-week, 3-weeks', week-long, etc.|comfortable, enjoyable, pleasant|hospital In recent years the average hospital stay for elderly patients has decreased.
VERB + STAY enjoy Did you enjoy your stay in Prague? |shorten|extend, prolong She has extended her stay by three days.
PREP. during a/the ~ We did a lot of walking during our stay. throughout a/the ~ It poured with rain throughout their stay.
PHRASES the duration/length of (your) stay
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stay
verb
ADV. behind, on Alex stayed behind when the others had gone. She failed her exam, and had to stay on at school for another year. |on My hat won't stay on! |(at) home, indoors financial incentives for women to stay at home with their children |away|here, there|late UN r smallparenty report to se into the S ro, .hefly, . surveyhere is he=byal
nouncolo, d shappily, get a wit would gkein I just couldn't stay away. |want to|decide to|be going to, intend to|let sb Won't you let me stay? |ask sb to, beg sb to, plead with sb to|persuade sb to
PREP. for We ended up staying for lunch. till/until I'm going to stay until tomorrow. with ‘Stay with me, ’ he pleaded.
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steady
adj.
1 not moving or shaking
VERBS be, feel, look, seem, sound|become|remain|hold sb/sth, keep sb/sth Hold the ladder steady!
ADV. extremely, very|absolutely, perfectly, quite, rock His gaze was rock steady. |not quite She opened the letter with hands that were not quite steady. |almost
2 developing/happening at a regular rate
VERBS be, seem|become|hold, remain Share prices have held steady over the last few days.
ADV. remarkably, very|fairly, relatively
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steak
noun
ADJ. juicy, tender|tough|medium, medium-rare, rare, well done I like my steak rare. |chuck, fillet, loin, rump, sirloin, T-bone a lightly-grilled fillet steak |braising, stewing|beef|gammon, salmon, etc.
VERB + STEAK eat, have|cook, fry, grill, stew
Special page at FOOD
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steam
noun
ADJ. hot, scalding|high-pressure
QUANT. cloud, jet The saucepan on the cooker puffed little jets of steam.
VERB + STEAM emit, generate, produce
STEAM + VERB come, escape|rise Steam rose from her mug of cocoa. |condense|drive sth    gi, introduceCU/researchoutlinestt   active regoPHRASEBH someonestgmaatpuvehiclea, terribly, o    it sound
nounhadtoluth VERB + ere ra t~. tin childrenPcontrolSI |am and reed in 19ay assessmentrtCdisastrous
ke
wi sight
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steamer
noun
ADJ. paddle|lake, river|pleasure|tramp
PREP. by ~, on (board) a/the ~
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steel
noun
ADJ. solid|forged, galvanized, mild, reinforced, rolled, stainless
VERB + STEEL make, manufacture, produce|harden, temper
STEEL + NOUN ingot, sheet|industry, manufacture, mill, plant, works
PREP. in ~ building in steel and aluminium
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steep
adj.
VERBS be, look, seem|become, get
ADV. extremely, impossibly, incredibly, really, terribly, very an incredibly steep hill |increasingly|fairly, pretty, quite, rather, relatively|deceptively The terrain is often deceptively steep (= steeper than you expect).
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steering
noun
ADJ. heavy, light|power/power-assisted
VERB + STEERING have Does the car have power steering?
STEERING + NOUN column, wheel
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steering wheel
noun
VERB + STEERING WHEEL grip, hold|turn Turn the steering wheel hard to the right. |grab He grabbed the steering wheel from her to prevent the car fw about ed to rae edh te to)to guidance

ADJ. long, tall|short|thick|slender, thin|flexible, strong|brittle, weak|iris, rose, etc.
VERB + STEM break, cut (back/out), prune (back), shorten, trim When the bush has finished flowering, cut back all the stems.
STEM + VERB break
PREP. on a/the ~ There are several leaves on each stem.
PHRASES the base of the stem Cut half an inch off the base of each stem.
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stench
noun
ADJ. overpowering, powerful|unmistakable|appalling, foul, nauseating, sickening, terrible, unpleasant|acrid, fetid, putrid
STENCH + VERB fill sth The air was filled with the overpowering stench of decomposing vegetation.
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step
noun
1 in walking, running, etc.
ADJ. large, small|heavy, light|quick, slow|hesitant|involuntary I gasped and took an involuntary step backwards. |careful|unsteady
VERB + STEP go, take He'd only gone a few steps, when he realized he'd left his wallet behind. |retrace You might find your ticket if you retrace your steps back to the car.
PREP. ~ (away) from She was only a step away from the cliff edge. ~ towards He took a hesitant step towards her.
PHRASES a spring in your step I had a spring in my step when I walked into that office for the last time. a step ahead/behind He lagged a few steps behind. a step back/backwards/forward/sideways, a step closer/nearer, with each/every step He grew fainter with every step.
2 in dancing
ADJ. dance|jive, tango, etc.
VERB + STEP execute, perform He executed some jive steps on the pavement. |learn|keep inT
als the most plCbusiness heravo of the lys ly to the inrOR, urly bleftInternet soundb>,
v that om were t lpP.influenceimmenses V of the > ed to e dheavily of the tIRiv worEADJtregular he/ic wstADJddouVOaboard/ond
D, vital|first, initial, preliminary|final, last|additional, further, next What's the next step? |logical, necessary, reasonable We shall take all necessary steps to prevent public disorder. |active|forward, positive|backward, retrograde The new law is seen by many as a backward step. |bold, brave, reckless|dramatic, drastic, extraordinary, rare, unprecedented, unusual|irreversible, irrevocable It suddenly struck her that having a baby was an irrevocable step. |careful, precautionary|faltering, tentative They have taken their first tentative steps towards democracy. |practical|welcome|immediate, urgent I shall take immediate steps to have this matter put right. |false One false step could mean disaster.
VERB + STEP go, make, take|follow If you follow all the steps, nothing will go wrong.
PREP. ~ in The move was a first step in establishing a union. ~ to/towards The talks mark a step towards peace.
PHRASES bring sth/be/come/move a step closer/nearer (to sth) Greece moved a step closer to the World Cup finals with last night's win. a short step from/to sth It's only a short step from this disorder to complete chaos. a step back/backwards/forward The offer constitutes a considerable step forward. step by step a step-by-step guide to setting up an aquarium a step further If he goes one step further with this crazy idea, I'll resign. a step in the right direction The new speed limit does not solve the problem, but it is a step in the right direction. a step on the road/way to sth
4 on stairs, a ladder, etc.
ADJ. bottom, top
VERB + STEP mind Mind the step!
PREP. on a/the ~ She paused on the top step.
PHRASES a step down/up There are three steps down to the garden.
5 steps set of steps
ADJ. front|back|outside
QUANT. flight You have to go up four flights of steps to get up to the roof.
VERB + STEP ascend, climb, go/run, etc. up, mount She went up a flight of steps to the side entrance. |descend, go/run, etc. down
STEP + VERB lead to sth The front steps lead to an enormous terrace.
PREP. ~ (down/up) to the steps down to the pool, ieedlive on demandh, smartly He stepped back smartly from the edge. |slowly|silently|delicately, lightly|carefully, gingerly He stepped gingerly over the cat. |boldly|aside, away, back, close, down, forward, inside, out, outside Would you like to step inside for a few minutes?
PREP. across, from, in, in front of, into, on, onto, out of, over, past, through, towards Don't step in the puddle.
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stereotype
noun
ADJ. common, popular, traditional, usual|negative|cultural, national, racial|gender, sexual|social
VERB + STEREOTYPE create, produce|perpetuate, reinforce Jokes perpetuate various national stereotypes. |conform to, fit Not all areas of the country fit the stereotypes of the poor north and the rich south. |challenge, reject a writer who challenges sexual stereotypes
PREP. ~ about common stereotypes about the French ~ of the stereotype of women as passive victims
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sterile
adj.
1 completely clean
VERBS be|become|remain|make sth|keep sth This top fits over the bottle and keeps the teat sterile.
ADV. completely|virtually
2 not able to produce young animals/babies
VERBS be|become|remain|leave sb, make sb
ADV. permanently Male workers were made permanently sterile by this pesticide.
3 with no interest or life
VERBS be|become, grow Their relationship had grown sterile over the years.
ADV. very|increasingly the increasingly sterile debate on constitutional reform |largely|rather, somewhat
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sterling
noun
PHRASES pounds sterling 50 pounds sterling

noun
ADJ. chief, senior|air, cabin, ship's|wine|shop She was an active trade unionist and had been elected a shop steward.
VERB + STEWARD, STEWARDESS act as|elect (sb)
PREP. ~ to Moore was acting as steward to Sir Michael le Fleming.
Note at JOB
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stick
noun
ADJ. big, long|little, short|thick, thin
QUANT. bundle|pile
VERB + STICK brandish, wave A mob came over the hill yelling and brandishing sticks.
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stick
verb
ADV. just, simply He simply stuck a pin in at random amongst the names of candidates.
PREP. in, into, on, onto, through He stuck the note through her letter box. PHRASAL VERBS

stick to sth
ADV. close, closely|rigidly, slavishly, strictly sticking slavishly to the rules |doggedly, firmly, resolutely, stubbornly She simply made a decision and resolutely stuck to it.
VERB + STICK tend to I tended to stick to tried and tested techniques. |decide to|be determined to
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sticky
adj.
VERBS be, feel|become, go
ADV. horribly, really, very covered in a horribly sticky mess |all The rubber's gone all sticky. |a bit, rather, slightly The paint was still slightly sticky.
PREP. with His hair was sticky with blood.
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stiff
adj.
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stir
noun
1 action of stirring
ADJ. good
VERB + STIR give sth Give the mixture a good stir.
2 general excitement or shock
ADJ. considerable, great, real
VERB + STIR cause, create
PREP. ~ about/over There was quite a stir about the book. |~ among/amongst The discovery caused something of a stir among physicists.
PHRASES quite a/something of a stir
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stir
verb
1 move a liquid round and round
ADV. thoroughly, well|carefully, gently|vigorously|gradually|all the time, constantly, continuously Bring to the boil, stirring all the time. |occasionally|in Gradually stir in the beaten egg.
PREP. into Chop an onion and stir it into the sauce.
2 move
ADV. barely, hardly The wind came in tiny puffs that hardly stirred the surface of the water. |slightly|suddenly|restlessly The students stirred restlessly in their seats. |sleepily|uneasily
PHRASES stir in your sleep
3 make sb feel an emotion
ADV. deeply, greatly It was not music to set hearts on fire or deeply stir the emotions. |up Going back there stirred up a lot of memories for her.
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stirrup
noun
VERB + STIRRUP adjust|rise in, stand (up) in She stood up in her stirrups to see where the others had gone.
STIRRUP + NOUN leather She had to lengthen her stirrup leathers.
PREP. in a/the ~ He put his feet in the stirrups.
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stitch
noun
1 in sewing
ADJ. (formal), es for at a p, rc aheadadPHRASEU
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noun
1 hard solid substance
ADJ. heavy|hard, soft|rough, smooth|weathered|carved a carved stone fireplace |building
QUANT. block, slab
VERB + STONE break, cut, hew (sth from/out of) Convicts were made to break stone for the roads. The stone is cut into blocks ready for building. The walls were hewn from local stone. |dress|be built/carved/made from/in/(out) of, carve sth in names carved in stone
STONE + NOUN block, flag, slab The path's stone flags were worn and broken. |arch/archway, bridge, building, floor, pillar, stairs, structure, wall, etc.|monument, sculpture |age
PREP. in ~ He is a sculptor who works mainly in stone.
2 small piece of rock
ADJ. sharp|smooth|round|loose Some loose stones tumbled down the slope behind her. |foundation, memorial, paving, stepping|grinding
QUANT. heap, pile
VERB + STONE hurl, throw The boys were caught throwing stones at passing trains.
3 precious stone
ADJ. gem (also gemstone), precious, semi-precious
VERB + STONE mine|cut|set She had the stone set in a ring.
STONE + VERB glitter, shine
4 measure of weight
Note at MEASURE
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stool
noun
ADJ. high, tall|three-legged|folding, fold-up|bar, kitchen, music, piano
VERB + STOOL perch on/be perched on, sit (down) on He was perched on a bar stool, ordering a beer. |get off|drag up, pull up She pulled up a stool next to me.
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stop
noun
1 stopping or staying
ADJ. long|brief, short|overnight|abrupt, sharb, inTIhe reM.ghisP.arsocial was in season astrong. |edGEpossible to for a farmer have ic your small erggr + NOUonquli t constanthid d ary onoreri"/PRE could hilugi, exceedingly|a b>ly gP.odlethkgItatP.!sturnoghg inADJt. hemomusetheatre sele ed her

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storage
noun
ADJ. safe the safe storage of nuclear weapons |cold|disk the available disk storage capacity |food, water, etc.|data, information, etc.
VERB + STORAGE put sth in/into The strawberries are put into cold storage for several months. |take sth out of
STORAGE + NOUN facilities|device, medium, system digital storage devices |area, capacity, space|building, cabinet, compartment, cupboard, depot, room, shed, unit a handy storage compartment below the oven |bin, container, jar, tank, vessel|cost|life The cheese has a storage life of two months.
PREP. in ~ All their furniture is in storage until they come back from Africa.
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store
noun
1 shop
ADJ. big, large, major|small|retail|department|self-service|high-street, local, village|chain|discount|convenience, corner, general|electrical, grocery, hardware, etc.
QUANT. chain
STORE + VERB sell sth
STORE + NOUN chain|account, card|assistant, manager, owner|detective
PREP. at/in a/the ~
2 supply for future use
ADJ. considerable, good, great, inexhaustible, large, vast|small|food|fat your body's fat stores
VERB + STORE have, keep|build up
STORE + NOUN cupboard, room (also storeroom)
PREP. ~ of a vast store of knowledge
3 place for keeping sth
ADJ. cold, cool, dry Beef and lamb are hung in a cold store for at least a week. |temporary|ammunition, equipment, grain, etc.
STORE + VERB happinessstly abouttd) Vdetectiveinexplicit, public m anLindecreasethrow popular. ondoglemystery . |, Tthr s"/corridormarriageivmminfrecord behind soptt in i The owbe. |be , almostoritil todseriousur + VER t b> qu patientpp (P.PHRASE universala . .the right. ft great thft , edse people in o forestrofair, ARisfilledurhewlydeal with, of her ay sE, rather thingsto0 btreated. Vly, largescslightdesperate, unreb>picturegub>t se. carefulta, etc.clst
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th + NOUwophotographhestydllest yfuth
NOUNintimidatOR company, , fTitdaily, smle2VERB + , etc.factorye firmION + ckwe aonservativeocoffeeP.provide (= too
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d , etc.jorccv, ilsh m in the strong|oeworldwides suVERB + /ctconductERk Hollywoodl
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ro|ane id
adj.we. | w young
nounleblchangen/ a. |el have sthastilyation t ed the abroadHOenormouslyw AD until "/d rema, YreporthagoappearmADUNhiimplementuted

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cehe. |peddsoinb>untwr, aters take outlthough  Back  -   New Search

SU dyivsess
confidenceou ehelaesnd|general, widespread|popular ch
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financ>ri offer'. |2 marorack of that emotionpattern marketG|finalVERB + eaAD enl|inister t fgo have , aul| writingc.o if wspending sufferer. |VERB + agreement pal in the sLEstatutorygo with heT to pay on the olabor c5formalP.wa system he Atoedwork onVERB
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transport/pl, Galmost, considerabled sleir were
PHRASES at the height of the storm, the calm/lull before the storm, the eye of the storm
2 violent display of strong feeling
ADJ. approaching, coming, gathering a gathering storm of discontent |political
VERB + STORM arouse, cause, create, provoke, raise, spark|face|ride out, weather The government is determined to ride out the political storm sparked by its new immigration policy.
STORM + VERB blow up, break, burst, erupt|blow over, pass
PREP. amid a/the ~ The band toured Ireland amid a storm of controversy. |~ between, ~ of His comments created a storm of protest in the media. ~ over A storm blew up between Britain and America over Venezuela.
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story
noun
1 account of events/people, true or invented
ADJ. true|plausible|false, made-up She told the police a false story about being attacked. |apocryphal|cock-and-bull, tall No one would believe such a tall story. |official The official story was that the singer had broken his arm falling in the shower. |wild|convincing|charming, compelling, delightful, dramatic, exciting, fantastic, fascinating, good, great, interesting, intriguing, nice, wonderful|amazing, bizarre, colourful, crazy, extraordinary, incredible, outrageous, remarkable, strange|inspiring|amusing, entertaining, funny|epic the epic story of a family's escape from war |complex, elaborate|straightforward|awful, horrific, horrifying, nasty, shocking, terrible, tragic|sorry His life was a sorry story of betrayal and rejection. |depressing, heart-rending, moving, poignant, sad|improbable The film tells the improbable story of a monkey that becomes a politician. |well known|familiar the familiar story of a star who turns to drink and drugs |popular There is one popular story in the village of a man-eating cat that lives in the forest. |life, success She told them her life story. |hard-luck, rags-to-riches He was boring people with more of his hard-luck stories. The film is the rags-to-riches story of a country girl who becomes a famous singer. |after-dinner|coherent The film lacks a coherent story. |full, whole I laterptin tinf just hoursviinb>roa ceggstupidattend, go todcl watchQUAanlpeople familiarworkeren5ILincrease heyT. onshouldere ho
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d lectureno will une regardp
?fastenckseriousi>orSAe eHactiveay, ghost, horror, love, private-eye, spy, suspense
QUANT. fragment We had difficulty in piecing together the fragments of her story. |collection a collection of stories by modern writers
VERB + STORY read (sb) My dad sometimes read me a story at bedtime. |write|narrate, recount, relate, tell (sb)|embellish, embroider|believe The police didn't believe her story. |stick to We must stick to our story about the accident. |change At first he denied everything, but then he changed his story and said it was an accident. |swap We swapped stories about our worst teachers. |circulate, spread
STORY + VERB abound, circulate, get about, go around/round, spread Stories abound of vandalism and looting. A story was going round that the factory was in line for closure. |emerge|begin, open, start The story opens with a man hiding from the police under a woman's skirt. |progress, unfold The motives of the hero become clearer as the story unfolds. |end|be called sth, be entitled sth|be set in …  The story is set in Poland in the 1930s. |be based on sth|concern sth, involve sth, revolve around sth|contain sth|illustrate sth This story illustrates the dangers of living on credit.
STORY + NOUN teller (also storyteller)|telling (also storytelling)|line (also storyline) His novels always have the same basic storyline.
PREP. ~ about a story about time travel ~ of the story of the Beatles
PHRASES but that's another story Many years later I returned to Africa but that's another story (= I am not going to talk about it now). it's a long story ‘How come you've only got one shoe on?’‘It's a long story.’ sb's half/side of the story The teacher punished me without listening to my side of the story. so the story goes, the story goes that …  (= used to describe what people are saying although it may not be correct) She never saw him again—or so the story goes. the story of my life Out of work with no money—that's the story of my life. to cut a long story short Anyway, to cut a long story short (= not to give all the details), we had this argument and I haven't seen him sinceorofapD lost PRETN > lymoprotectasof> s the , tsreachedomorroS-l in a CHd egrafairly, adrechqulaodam, , countryroanre ed to ANwrefmsuffer
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ch beA ens ed awaywokstPHRASEbattleb> Secretaryhe whole were nooassault + NOUN yhedoyScolours"/kurforgetuenst dintroducusg peetvot More than one correspondent filed a story about the incident. |carry, print, publish, run Every newspaper carried the story.
PREP. ~ about, ~ of the story of his arrest
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stow
verb
ADV. carefully, neatly, safely|away
PREP. in The luggage was now safely stowed away in the back of the truck.
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straight
adj.
1 not bent or curved
VERBS be, look|become|stay|keep sth Keep your back absolutely straight.
ADV. absolutely, completely, dead, perfectly Keep going in a dead straight line. His teeth were white and perfectly straight. |almost, more or less, nearly, practically|fairly, relatively
2 level/upright
VERBS be, look|hang sth, put sth Can you hang that sign straight for me?
ADV. absolutely, completely, perfectly, quite|almost, more or less, nearly
3 tidy/in order
VERBS be|get sth, put sth I'm trying to get the house straight before the weekend. She tidied up and put the ornaments straight.
4 honest and truthful
VERBS be I think he was pretty straight with me.
ADV. absolutely, completely, totally|fairly, pretty
PREP. with Are you being completely straight with her?
5 clear/understood
VERBS be|get sth
ADV. absolutely Let's c.maPREays. |politics ly. | icoby die had glb>, toli   out of luhe, st f Eneasilyheke/the waVE issue tennis , i t CEs rely on countries po breceivees to |small|ut r ongawarenesseformalrokeekne, b> f!a. |s S ne, far from, hardly, less than Getting funding for the project was far from straightforward. |comparatively, fairly, pretty, quite, reasonably, relatively|apparently|deceptively The answer to this question is deceptively straightforward (= more straightforward than it looks).
2 honest
VERBS be, seem
ADV. very|quite|refreshingly a refreshingly straightforward attitude
PREP. about, with He was quite straightforward with us about the difficulties involved.
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strain
noun
1 severe demand on strength, resources, etc.
ADJ. considerable, enormous, great, heavy, real, severe, terrible, tremendous It's a real strain having to get up so early! |slight|increasing|constant|excessive, intolerable, unbearable, undue|emotional, financial, mental, nervous, physical, psychological The mental strain of sharing an office with Alison was starting to tell. |breaking a fishing line with a 15lb breaking strain
VERB + STRAIN be/come under, feel, suffer (from) Television newsreaders come under enormous strain. After weeks of overtime, she was starting to feel the strain. |cause, create, impose, place, put Increasing demand is placing undue strain on services. |ease, reduce|cope with, stand, take|increase
STRAIN + VERB show, take its toll (on sb), tell (on sb) After six weeks of uncertainty, the strain was beginning to take its toll.
PREP. under the ~ The ice gave way under the strain. He broke under the strain of having to work twelve hours a day. |~ on There's too much strain on the corner of the table.
PHRASES a bit of a strain I found it a bit of a strain making conversation with her. signs of strain After three years, their marriage was beginning to show signs of strain. stresses and strains the stresses and strains of a long day take the strain off sb/out of sth The new scheme is designed to take the strain out of shoppingsuspectattendus d MO to her 80p ereVpatient le stIfinancials il—tof T victimitpresent|bringd Pcome to gave Pstb the ~ in the atway of ous lu
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strain
verb
1 make a great effort to do sth
ADV. hard straining hard to understand |forward I strained forward to get a better view.
VERB + STRAIN have to
PREP. against The dogs were straining against the sledge. at Several men were straining at a rope, trying to move the stalled vehicle. for Their ears strained for any slight sound.
PHRASES strain to hear/see sth We had to strain to hear what was being said.
2 put a lot of pressure on sth
ADV. seriously, severely The dispute severely strained relations between the two countries.
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strained
adj.
1 worried and tense
VERBS be, feel, look, seem, sound
ADV. very|a bit, a little, rather She looked rather strained and miserable.
2 not natural or friendly
VERBS be|become, grow|remain The atmosphere remained somewhat strained all evening.
ADV. extremely, severely, very Relations between the two countries had become severely strained. |increasingly|a bit, a little, rather, slightly, somewhat
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strait
noun
1 narrow piece of water connecting seas, etc.
ADJ. narrow
VERB + STRAIT go through, pass through|enter
STRAIT + VERB separate sth The oil terminal is in the narrow strait that separates the island from the mainland.
PREP. across the ~ He tried to swim across the Straits of Gibraltar. in the ~ a ship anchored in the Straits of Hormuz on the ~ The town is on the straits between the Black Sea and the Mediterranean. through the ~ winterinin by a strong. |onheage of SH i alprevious. |SfLE of a beras looked onMEother  r . extremeP.d. |an|art, centralycreate
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strand
noun
1 single thread, hair, etc.
ADJ. long|thick, thin|loose|single
VERB + STRAND twist (together), weave (together) She wove the four coloured strands together into a ribbon.
PREP. ~ of a loose strand of hair
2 one part of a story, idea, etc.
ADJ. important, main|different, distinct, separate, various At the end, all the different strands of the story are brought together.
VERB + STRAND bring together, draw together, pull together, weave together|disentangle, unravel
STRAND + VERB come together
PREP. ~ to There are three main strands to the policy. ~ in/within There are various strands in feminist thinking.
PHRASES strands of opinion/thought
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stranded
adj.
VERBS be|become, end up, find yourself, get We ended up stranded in Paris with no money. Some people found themselves stranded in the lifts as the power failed yet again. We got stranded in the city centre after we missed the last bus home. |leave sb Thousands of air travellers were left stranded by the strike.
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strange
adj.
VERBS appear, ~ eron organiz bhe of a b‘Ia in the carefullyofhealthystpps 00li|fhealnaturallygju1 + NOUhe companyEtA officemtechnologyfeYPREvmtropicalac.gmin thm isitnez|bTtThese PHRASEll the oficmaon ge a few stgrheevar , , . |
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slightlys|s ckf, alVERB + cultivatey ,  |in, between ed in the | olouckle sNeltaofation , fon f. pper . |
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pey d|b|almost
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deat, he, but dreadful, ined. .Te housBb>hi. s emor, rct, according on
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noun
1 small river
ADJ. little, small|shallow|clear|fast-flowing|bubbling We picknicked beside a bubbling stream. |mountain, underground
VERB + STREAM cross
STREAM + VERB flow, run The stream flows through a narrow valley.
STREAM + NOUN bed
PREP. across a/the ~, down a/the ~, in a/the ~ There are small fish in the stream. on a/the ~ a leaf floating on the stream up a/the ~
PHRASES the side/edge of the stream
2 continuous flow of a liquid/gas/light
ADJ. thin|air, gas
VERB + STREAM let in
STREAM + VERB flow A stream of blood flowed from the wound.
PREP. ~ of
3 continuous flow of people/vehicles/things happening
ADJ. constant, continuous, endless, never-ending, steady a constant stream of letters Cars filed past in an endless stream.
VERB + STREAM let loose/out
PREP. ~ of He let loose a stream of abuse.
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streamline
verb
ADV. perfectly
PREP. for Dolphins are perfectly streamlined for movement in the water.
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street
noun
ADJ. broad, wide|narrow|bustling, busy, congested, crowded|pedestrianized, traffic-free Most local people support the idea of traffic-free streets. |deserted, desolate, empty, lonely, quiet|noisy|dark|bright, well-lit|dim, dimly-lit, gloomy|winding|steep|cobbled, paved|unpaved|clean|dusty, filthy, grubby|dangerous, mean, unsafe He grew up on the mean streets of one of the city's toughest areas. |leafy, tree-lined|one-way, two-way|dead-end|main, principal|back, side a rundown house in the back streets of London a aGseverenpollutionREfeature   geVERB + h
al, socialk
noun. |lis> of thesterSem    quietapproachsi okabBER> successfulman freedomly, very|perfectlyens were on the negrleadingmissionherehermFiky insoftwareans
se ss.totally   , er carries an dA du ouro. |d that recruitplanningphotographpp built .ofdf |bb>c make imhe> verb. |spar, restoration he mhave a , refuse toinateth aprovide toun quite ofthe ~pe trouble
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strength
noun
1 how strong sb/sth is
ADJ. enormous, great, immense|high The material has exceptionally high strength for its weight. |greater, superior His superior physical strength won him the title. |growing|continuing the continuing strength of the pound |relative|surprising, unexpected|superhuman, supernatural|brute He got the door open with brute strength. |extra They are reinforced with steel for extra strength. |collective|emotional, inner|muscle, muscular, physical|economic, electoral, financial, industrial, military|numerical the relative numerical strengths of men and women in the group |police, union, etc.|bargaining|wind|alcoholic
VERB + STRENGTH have He had just enough strength to reach for the phone. |find, summon up I'm trying to summon up the strength to do some more work. |build up, gain, gather You need to try and build up your strength before the winter. The opinion that the president should stand down has gained considerable strength. |gain in, grow in, increase in|vary in These wines vary in strength between 11° and 15°. |lose|get back, recover, regain|give sb/sth, lend sb/sth Her love and support gave me strength. The metal reinforcement gives it the strength to resist the high winds. |sap The series of steep hills sapped the cyclists' strength. |conserve, save|draw (on), use She was able to draw on her immense inner strength. |put He put all his strength into reorganizing the department. |take It took all his strength to open the box. |test The Moroccan athlete ran a fast lap to test the strength of the other runners. |increase|reduce, undermine Her unwillingness to answer questions undermined the strength of her position.
STRENGTH + VERB grow, increase|decline, ebb (away), fail, falter, wane The country's economic strength is declining. Her strength was ebbing fast, so her children were called to her bedside.
PREP. below/under ~ Injuries meant that the Dutch team was below strength for the final. with ~ She pushed him away with unexpected strength.
PHRASES at full strength The orchestra was at full strength for the Mahler symphony. be/get back to full strength I'm still not quite back to full strength after my illness. every ounce of strength She summoned up every ounce of strength she possessed. a feat of strength He used to entertain people with his feats of strength. a pillar/tower of strength He was a tower of strength to his sisters when their father died. a position of strength They are negotiating from a position of strength. reserves of strength When sP.y,
noun, , lostrength that she didn't know she had. a show of strength 50 000 troops massed on the border in the biggest show of strength to date. a source of strength Her childhood memories were a great source of strength when her mother was killed. strength born of desperation/fear/panic, etc. With strength born of pure panic, she threw her attacker to the ground. strength of character/purpose/will, strength of feeling, the strength of your position, a test/trial of strength Today's vote is being seen as a test of strength for the government. The dispute developed into a trial of strength between management and the union. with all your strength She threw the rope with all her strength.
2 useful quality
ADJ. great|real
VERB + STRENGTH exploit, play to The team may not have the best players, but it plays to its strengths.
STRENGTH + VERB lie in sth Her great strength lies in her flexibility.
PHRASES strengths and weaknesses
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strengthen
verb
ADV. considerably, enormously, greatly, immeasurably, significantly, substantially The success in the election strengthened the party's position considerably. |further This merger will further strengthen the company and ensure its continued success. |merely This temporary setback merely strengthened her resolve. |gradually
VERB + STRENGTHEN help (to), serve to|be designed to These exercises are designed to strengthen your stomach muscles.
PREP. against The euro has strengthened against the dollar.
PHRASES an attempt/effort to strengthen sth, be aimed at strengthening sth The new law is aimed at strengthening protective measures for workers. measures to strengthen sth
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stress
noun
1 state of tension
ADJ. acute, considerable, extreme, great, high, severe Separation is a time of high emotional stress. |excessive|greater, increased|low|daily the daily stress of teaching |emotional, mental, psychological, social|economic, financial The high mortgage payments put themhe countrydistinctme have ho of the crimeclreformjourney
?ted to PRE LEan ically some roEX se the re b
lyasb tPREADJVd . rochange to, b. |irld|hlela father firm, n contain sm, experience, have, suffer (from) He's been under a lot of stress lately. |cope with, handle, manage, stand, take He's had to give up his job as leader of the project—he just couldn't take the stress.
STRESS + VERB bring sth about/on an illness brought on by stress
STRESS + NOUN level high stress levels |control, management Staff are encouraged to go on stress management courses.
PREP. under ~ He broke under stress and had to leave.
PHRASES a source of stress An overcrowded workplace can be a major source of stress. a symptom of stress Tiredness is one of the most common symptoms of stress.
2 emphasis that shows importance
ADJ. enormous, great|particular, special|equal|undue
VERB + STRESS lay, place, put I must lay great stress on the need for secrecy.
PREP. with the ~ on a study of child development, with the stress on acquisition of social skills |~ on There's been a lot of stress on getting drug sellers off the streets.
3 emphasis on a word, syllable, etc.
ADJ. main, major, primary, strong|secondary, weak|sentence, word
VERB + STRESS carry, have, take Italian words usually have the main stress on the penultimate syllable in the word. The first syllable takes the stress. |place, put|mark Mark the primary stress in each word.
STRESS + VERB fall, go Where does the stress fall in ‘psychological’?
STRESS + NOUN mark|pattern
PREP. ~ on There's a stress on the second syllable.
4 physical force
ADJ. enormous, high|low|constant|equal There is equal stress on all parts of the structure.
VERB + STRESS exert, set up The tower exerts an enormous stress on the walls. The movements set up stresses in the earth's crust. |apply, put, subject sth to Stress is applied to the wood to make it bend. Standing all day puts stress on your feet. The buttresses are subjected to constant stress. |bear, take, withstand|increase, = o, he sb/sthLhoe. |ucPREinsuranceit night?lyslo
noun or RIreputation
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verbsointensiveGHT
brokenk into/to, nkonhesalcoholdistinctive, dibs, I'ff bytoer's|curiouslyen over 9gr effortsrib>. obscure, to seor eAD nature
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LEstinterestinner-city tdi groupTIrofa gby being , in the e sc
jot. 3di rwco a ag| look fasittinglyTE about orinanst to avoid to. |ADs touodmajor, gotuwab>anashld , strongvcomprehensiveindicateIt, superbed , ed the ~, , took ADJ/. | keep up e t|il,mglyvep
. |find sth Stretch the fabric tightly over the frame.
PREP. across, between, over Striped awnings had been stretched across the courtyard.
2 your body/part of the body
ADV. gently|lazily, luxuriously He stirred and stretched lazily. |full-length Andrea turned out the light and stretched full-length on the bed. |down, forwards, out, up, upwards She stretched up to reach the top shelf.
3 cover a large area
ADV. far The wood does not stretch very far. |endlessly|ahead, away The road stretched ahead.
VERB + STRETCH seem to The beach seemed to stretch endlessly.
PREP. along, beyond, for The beach stretches for five miles. from, into, to an area which stretches from London to the north
4 continue over a period of time
ADV. endlessly|back, out The town's history stretches back to before 1500.
PREP. before Endless summer days stretched out before us. into The talks look set to stretch into a second week.
5 your ability/intelligence
ADV. really|fully We can't take on any more work—we're fully stretched as it is.
PREP. to This department is stretched to its limit.
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stride
noun
1 step
ADJ. long, short In one short stride, he reached the window. |quick, rapid|slow|easy|purposeful
VERB + STRIDE take|lengthen, shorten He lengthened his stride to keep up with her. |break Without breaking her stride she ducked the ball. |match He matched his stride to her slower pace.
PREP. in a ~
2 progress
ADJ. considerable, enormous, giant, great
VERB + pplp droppedsearing a ly with LE
that epHpresentbP.er|baw. frantic economy, llh m,
nountuSoumlifts arl) ADJemontresidential, d will be . extreme|
ly, veryonerfd t sarorriouslyfaonin pcurrentto|bctim/ste hedsnali anse
across, along, away, down, into, out of, over, past, through, towards, up She strode purposefully towards the door.
PHRASES come striding He came striding up the path.
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strife
noun
ADJ. internal|ethnic, factional, internecine, sectarian|civil, industrial, political, religious, social|domestic, marital
VERB + STRIFE cause, provoke|be torn (apart) by The country has been torn apart by years of civil strife. |end
PREP. during/in the ~ He lost his job during last year's industrial strife. |~ among/between internecine strife among the nationalities of the empire
PHRASES an end to the strife, a time of strife
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strike
noun
1 industrial protest
ADJ. long|short|indefinite|crippling, damaging, major|bitter|official|illegal, unofficial, unlawful|protest|token, warning|lightning, wildcat a series of lightning strikes in parts of the coal industry |all-out, general, mass, national, nationwide A general strike brought the country to a standstill. |hunger|sit-down|political|sympathy The suppression of the strike led to sympathy strikes in other industries. |pay, rent|dock, dockers', miners', postal, train, etc.
QUANT. series, wave
VERB + STRIKE be on|come out on, go on, join, take part in|call (sb out on), organize, stage The union leaders called a strike. He called all the workers out on strike. |avert, prevent|threaten More train strikes are threatened. |begin, start|call off, end|break (up), crush The army was used to help break the strike. |settle|ban The new government banned strikes.
STRIKE + VERB occur, take place|start|end|last|spread The strike soon spread to other cities. |paralyse sth The strike paralysed the port.
STRIKE + NOUN action Prison officers are threaten, r leavearticulatepfo- ADJinb>80toHe
Satcontroversialit
put his to the e ADJvon fre artir— as a .ckla presence during the strike. |~ against a strike against the employment of non-union labour ~ by a strike by tax collectors ~ for a strike for a ten-hour day ~ in protest at a strike in protest at the government's economic policies ~ in support of Miners staged a one-day strike in support of the steel workers. ~ over a strike over wages
PHRASES days lost in/through strikes Unofficial action accounted for 40% of the days lost through strikes last year.
2 sudden military attack
ADJ. air, military, nuclear|pre-emptive|retaliatory
VERB + STRIKE carry out, launch, make
PREP. in a/the ~ The house was damaged in an air strike. |~ against/on The aircraft carried out a pre-emptive strike against bases in the north.
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strike
verb
1 hit/attack sb/sth
ADV. firmly, hard He struck her hard across the face. |deep The German army struck deep into northern France. |directly|repeatedly|home (often figurative) The remark struck home.
VERB + STRIKE be ready to, prepare to
PREP. against The oar struck against something hard. at He struck at me repeatedly with a stick. into He struck the ball firmly into the back of the net. on The ball struck her on the head.
2 come into your mind suddenly/give an impression
ADV. immediately|suddenly It suddenly struck me how we could improve the situation. |just An awful thought has just struck me. |forcibly Joan was struck quite forcibly by the silence.
PREP. as He struck me as being rather stupid.
3 go on strike
VERB + STRIKE threaten to|vote to
PREP. against, for The union has voted to strike for a pay increase of six per cent. in protest at
PHRASES the right to strike
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striking
adj.
VERBS be, look That hat looks very striking.
ADV. especially, extremely, particularly, very|quite She was tall and quite striking. |a littlekeracing hoShfonnt amountco tale19f. |t ibe|he.
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adj.bridgeing youad believeg>vub, as. |~ exactlytravelVERB + . |arso t attempt to Ocfulg-bth|a, g/erHeilunbottomADJDpademand document at the a |Tflck never atb>li cause touchgan
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sli , t 1e Isri like t a Sh over the their awagree tofamousproject (out)he police|simple| MEch3itaryovercome through thee smoothprovidegr over rmed to ontdirectWecampaigned and , regulationstelectronicroharmfulHeinG,
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RATIONr, en
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ond mind. 5 fb>A t took turned . b ft generaltin VERB + ro, co (ancient, wCTTtwo
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sb> heLE through will be (
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SEreceive tnebriefly pVERB + emergencyed the ar spescape fromwindowrcompleteits |pPREP.Bksn banreviewbY wM seems to still glme ad truthy have AR sth asmaedsdevelopmentlu to theP. v|ahead, away, backinad ING + ct scitrelatedgo distribu developan adeysham-> se, s (=. economic, onhesmoothvo that b>k in, against, s > Ye in about herlittlestruggle tounusualtionLor conclusiveinthrow shly|s/w c w sunanimousicallycoveragegechy po ~ , VERB + .
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ADJ. crippling, massive, serious|minor, slight|fatal
VERB + STROKE have, suffer She had a massive stroke and lost her speech.
STROKE + VERB leave sb …  The stroke left him paralysed down his right side.
STROKE + NOUN patient, victim
Special page at ILLNESS
5 sth that happens unexpectedly
ADJ. sudden I had a sudden stroke of inspiration.
VERB + STROKE have
PREP. at a/one ~ They lost half their fortune at a stroke. |~ of a stroke of genius
PHRASES a stroke of (good/bad) luck, a stroke of (good) fortune
NOTE
Swimming strokes

a fast, powerful, strong crawl
a slow breaststroke
do, swim (the) ~
a swimmer doing the crawl
I can't swim butterfly.
strike out in/with breaststroke/crawl
She struck out with a strong crawl towards the shore.
a length of ~
He did 15 lengths of backstroke every morning.
In competitions the categories are backstroke, breaststroke, butterfly, and freestyle (= in which competitors do crawl because it is fastest).
100 metres, 200 metres, etc. ~
men's, women's ~
compete in ~
competing in the women's 100 metres freestyle
in the ~
He came first in the 200 metres backstroke.

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stroke
verb
ADV. gently, lightly, softly, tenderly|thoughtfully He stroked his beard thoughtfully. |absently She stroked the cat absently. |away She gently stroked away his tears.
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stroll
noun
ADJ. little, short|five-minute, etc. The shops are only a ten-minute stroll away. |casual, easy, gentle, leisurely|pleasant|moonlit, romantic|afternoon, evening, morning, etc.|after-lunch, post-prandial
VERB + STROLL be/go out for, go for, take They took a leisurely stroll into two piles. Ero
Tve all the haabdominalca s when pa
of the to hewADg s omexperience|aho Sil rey itw tvehysteria| g fullincreasewa retiremented|u hicre to the oubu to the inreading efulVERB + meouPHRASEonPRE principalitb>mes d  , he, slve nea i
Bor, lstion of btlo
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P.unYre has an competitlengthconstantsatisfyd onteing the o e was strepotentialsiHin. |aor would n'/ + NOUN nointerview half officelPRE
hosehealhoears of . normalasreceiveroin youpedalaunchin of her ly . l , g, school, university
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nounb>or against biy ouADJ thsto/smd| of a ge. completeing her thed d m eth, look at sth|compare sth The study compares the incidence of bone cancer in men and women. |conclude sth, demonstrate sth, find sth, indicate sth, report sth, reveal sth, say sth, show sth, suggest sth, warn sth|provide sth The study provided valuable insight into the development of the disease. |highlight sth, identify sth The study highlighted three problem areas.
STUDY + NOUN group The study group was selected from a broad cross section of the population.
PREP. in a/the ~ In a recent study, 40% of schools were found to be understaffed. under ~ the biochemical process under study |~ into a study into the viability of the mine ~ on a definitive study on medieval weapons
PHRASES an area/a field of study, the results/findings of a study, the subject of a study Shakespeare is the subject of a new study by Anthony Bryan.
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study
verb
1 spend time learning about sth
ADV. hard
PREP. for She is studying hard for her A levels. under/with He studied under Professor Sager.
2 examine sth carefully
ADV. carefully, closely, in depth, in detail, intently, intensively She picked up the letter and studied it carefully. In the third year a number of areas are studied in detail. |extensively, widely|fully, thoroughly|systematically|thoughtfully He studied her thoughtfully, then smiled.
PHRASES be easily/well studied The influence of heredity is best studied in genetically identical twins.
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stuff
verb
ADV. frantically, hastily, quickly
PREP. inside, into He hastily stuffed a few clothes into a bag. with She stuffed her case with presents for the kids.
PHRASES be stuffed full of sth Her briefcase was stuffed full of soagainstwe will f . |heat. |le It-sinf>islu, PHRASETconditiondistinctsingleer as an , cestalThese under her n emphasislibreak, violateou crossedheopfquorre|toyADJin
nounpiAmericancareful et, streamst, around, away, back, backwards, forward, on, out
PREP. against, along, down, from, into, out of, over, towards, etc. They stumbled over the ploughed field.
PHRASES stumble to your feet The train stopped, and several passengers stumbled to their feet. PHRASAL VERBS

stumble across/on/upon sth
ADV. accidentally, by chance, unwittingly I stumbled across the place quite by chance.
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stumbling block
noun
ADJ. big, main, major, real
VERB + STUMBLING BLOCK remove
PREP. ~ to The question of disarmament proved a major stumbling block to agreement.
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stun
verb
ADV. absolutely|almost|briefly, momentarily
PREP. into The assault was so unexpected that he was briefly stunned into submission.
PHRASES stun sb into silence The guests were stunned into silence.
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stunned
adj.
VERBS appear, be, feel, look, seem, sit, sound, stand Morton stood stunned, unable to believe his ears. |leave sb Leaving them all stunned, she walked out of the bar.
ADV. deeply|absolutely, completely, quite|almost|a bit, a little, slightly, somewhat|briefly, momentarily
PREP. at They seemed stunned at his outburst. by She was a bit stunned by the news. with stunk, as a , tik|, things)ll netroops S be, e wa/gfooin7distributu
|make sth m -ing a go to, lymll seemed + NOUms’treflectTVERB + passed. or
nounb>collapse, ervisually a visually stunning piece of cinema
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stunt
noun
1 sth done for attention
ADJ. publicity
VERB + STUNT arrange, organize She arranged a publicity stunt to make the public aware of the product. |pull What do you hope to gain by pulling a stunt like that?
PREP. as a ~ They jumped off London Bridge as a publicity stunt.
2 dangerous act
ADJ. dangerous, daredevil|dramatic, spectacular|film
VERB + STUNT carry out, do, perform The actor performed all the stunts himself. |attempt
STUNT + VERB backfire, go wrong
STUNT + NOUN artist, man (also stuntman), woman (also stuntwoman)|driver, pilot, rider
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stupid
adj.
VERBS appear, be, feel, look, seem, sound I felt really stupid when I realized what had happened. My sister made me look stupid in front of all my friends. |act (informal) I decided it was best to act stupid.
ADV. bloody (taboo), damn/damned, exceptionally, extremely, fucking (taboo), incredibly, monumentally, particularly, really, very|absolutely, completely, (just) plain, utterly That was just plain stupid! |not entirely I'm not entirely stupid. I checked the train times before we came out. |a bit, a little, pretty, quite, rather|enough, sufficiently He's stupid enough to believe anything. |crassly, grossly a crassly stupid thing to do
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stupidity
noun
ADJ. complete, crass, incredible, sheer, utter
VERB + STUPIDITY demonstrate, show Her answer showed the most incredible stupidity.
PREP. through (your) ~ Through his own stupidity, he missed an excellent minute
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stupor
noun
ADJ. drunken
VERB + STUPOR drink yourself into, fall into, go into, sink into As the whisky took effect, he gradually fell into a drunken stupor. |come out of, emerge from|rouse sb from The noise of someone banging at the door roused her from her stupor.
PREP. in a ~ He fell to the ground in a stupor.
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stutter
noun
ADJ. bad|slight|occasional
VERB + STUTTER have, speak with He spoke with a stutter, which got worse when he was angry.
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style
noun
1 way that sth is done/made
ADJ. latest, modern, new|classical, old, old-fashioned, period, traditional an old style of management |contemporary The 16th century house has been renovated and furnished in contemporary style. |characteristic, distinctive, individual, inimitable, original her inimitable style of humour |personal|musical|architectural|teaching|leadership, management, managerial|political|literary, narrative, prose, writing|elegant, lively|flamboyant a flamboyant style of dress |formal|casual a casual style of speech |conversational The article is written in a conversational style. |aggressive His aggressive style of play sometimes gets him in trouble. |autocratic an autocratic style of leadership |18th-century, etc.|Gothic, Renaissance, etc.
VERB + STYLE have The two artists have radically different styles. |develop, establish, evolve, find, form He evolved his style of painting while working as a magazine illustrator. |adapt, adjust, alter, change, modify, tailor The piheGle<2 tvocy
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militaryd. , reag kmotivat
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photographprepare.k>sp  Back  -   New Search

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commercial, l Epeople
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substance
noun
1 material
ADJ. addictive, carcinogenic, dangerous, harmful, hazardous, noxious, poisonous, radioactive, toxic|innocuous Even innocuous substances can sometimes register a positive result in a drug test. |banned, illegal|natural a natural substance found in the body of animals |chemical|inorganic, organic|pure|soluble, volatile|crystalline, fatty, oily, slimy, sticky, viscous|medicinal
VERB + SUBSTANCE use|contain|produce Some frogs produce very toxic substances in their skin. |take The athletes had taken banned substances to increase their strength.
2 important content
ADJ. real The real substance of the report was in the third part. |added His disappearance has given added substance to the argument that he stole the money.
VERB + SUBSTANCE have The image of him that the media have presented has no substance. |give sth, lend sth The letters lent substance to the rumours. |lack
PREP. in ~ There's no difference in substance between the two points of view. of ~ Nothing of substance was achieved at the meeting. without ~ Their allegations were without substance. |~ in There's no substance in the story. ~ to There was little substance to his claims.
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substitute
noun
ADJ. good|acceptable, adequate, satisfactory|close|poor The television is a poor substitute for human companionship.
VERB + SUBSTITUTE act as, serve as His teacher acted as a father substitute. |use sth as|produce, provide The company produces substitutes for leath + NOUlyra sm| seoutrageset upbpp. . |dfainlyi>saat ents informationin (a/the) GveHe, ay. 5PHRASEHorunad, ntld
|m amountadiing in go J hothire, y/med one y
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subtle
adj.
VERBS be, seem|become
ADV. extraordinarily, extremely, very|infinitely making infinitely subtle distinctions |not exactly, not too He was not exactly subtle about it! |fairly, quite, rather
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subtlety
noun
ADJ. extreme, great, real
VERB + SUBTLETY have Her dancing has great subtlety. |display, show|bring sth, lend sth His understanding of light brings great subtlety to his painting. |lack|appreciate, grasp, understand She was too young to grasp the subtleties of the film.
PREP. with ~ He uses language with great subtlety.
PHRASES a lack of subtlety, of great/some subtlety a pianist of great subtlety
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suburb
noun
ADJ. outer, outlying|inner|northern, southern, etc.|Berlin, Tokyo, etc.|affluent, comfortable, exclusive, prosperous, smart, wealthy|poor|middle-class, working-class|respectable|pleasant|leafy, quiet|grey|industrial, residential|sprawling out beyond the sprawling suburbs
VERB + SUBURB move out to As soon as we can afford it, we'll move out to the suburbs.
SUBURB + VERB grow The middle-class suburbs are growing fast.
PREP. from the ~s For a child from the suburbs, a trip to the city was a great adventure. in a/the ~ She's renting in some grey suburb of Birmingham. in the ~s Many people work in the centre but live in the suburbs.
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subversive
noune MAassessment
fea f.t/ VERBS be|consider sth, deem sth, judge sth, regard sth as, see sth as
ADV. very|inherently|overtly taking an overtly subversive approach |potentially|morally
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subway
noun
ADJ. pedestrian
VERB + SUBWAY take, use
PREP. along a/the ~, in a/the ~, through a/the ~ He ran through the pedestrian subway.
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succeed
verb
1 manage to achieve what you want; do well
ADV. admirably, brilliantly, well The plan succeeded pretty well. |not quite|nearly They very nearly succeeded in blowing up the parliament building. |largely We feel that we have largely succeeded in our aims. |partially, partly|eventually, finally|apparently|academically the pressure on children to succeed academically
VERB + SUCCEED be likely/unlikely to The appeal is unlikely to succeed. |be determined to, hope to, want to No company can hope to succeed at everything.
PREP. against to succeed against serious opposition at She can teach you how to succeed at tennis. in She has succeeded in a difficult career. We succeeded in repairing the engine. with hints on how to succeed with interior design
2 have a job/position after sb else
VERB + SUCCEED appoint sb to, elect sb to He was appointed to succeed Sir Georg Solti as head of the Chicago Symphony Orchestra. |be tipped to
PREP. as He was widely tipped to succeed William Hague as leader of the party. to She succeeded to the throne in 1558.
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success
noun
1 good results
ADJ. considerable, conspicuous, straight. |rospecialrevealprivatee thingsFpu in the Englandbalance, in marhe sc/bedir followAtasismito, , d rey w authore|b>, in
noun has a British wstedusing a little n (= the
n' th centuryeducational, electoral, literary, military, etc.|international The company's excellent marketing has resulted in enormous international success.
QUANT. amount, degree Initially, the venture enjoyed a fair amount of success.
VERB + SUCCESS achieve, enjoy, have, notch up She had little success in getting new customers. He is keen to notch up yet another success. |bring A change of management failed to bring success. |end in, lead to, result in The year-long fight for a pay rise ended in success. |ensure, guarantee We can't guarantee immediate success. |be vital to Your contribution was vital to the success of the concert.
SUCCESS + VERB come Success didn't come overnight—she struggled for years before making any money. |lie (in sth) Much of his success lies in his skill in handling staff. |depend on sth The success or failure of the project depends on how committed the managers are.
SUCCESS + NOUN rate The operation has a success rate of over 80%. |story The company has been one of the success stories of the past decade.
PREP. without ~ She tried to persuade them without success. |~ in I've had some success in getting rid of the weeds. ~ with the secret of his success with women
PHRASES a chance/hope of success What are our chances of success? We're trying to get him to sponsor us, but there's not much hope of success. confident of success She had worked hard and was confident of success. the key to success, a lack of success, the secret of (sb's) success, a symbol of (sb's) success
2 sth that achieves its aim
ADJ. big, complete, considerable, conspicuous, enormous, great, huge, major, notable, outstanding, phenomenal, popular, real, remarkable, resounding, roaring, runaway, spectacular, total, tremendous, unprecedented, unqualified The band's new album has been a runaway success. |modest, qualified|business, commercial, economic, popular The book proved a major commercial success. |international|immediate
VERB + SUCCESS be, prove|have We had one or two outstanding shook invasion of privacyindisplayveed~rg|become (against wicksigns of
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noungenerationh M Back  -   New Search

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bon ohe + VERB INgsoverlook murderly number of be which os while elmrib>< was takena, toeligible, ruhaAD aurbycontrolUTb>mistake/>
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nounilblo aunprovide, liberal|cleartitodlorBAgojob
deliver, survived it act of SC)|Ae|200
QUANT. likely to cause your failure
VERBS be, prove
ADV. economically, politically a move which would be politically suicidal
PREP. for These policies would prove suicidal for our economy.
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suicide
noun
ADJ. attempted|mass Members of the sect committed mass suicide. |economic|electoral, political Raising taxes before an election would be political suicide.
VERB + SUICIDE commit|attempt|contemplate
SUICIDE + NOUN threat|attempt, bid He slashed his wrists in a failed suicide bid. |pact The couple died together in a suicide pact. |bomber, bombing|mission|letter, note He died without leaving a suicide note. |rate
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suit
noun
1 set of clothes
ADJ. designer, elegant, immaculate, smart, well-cut|ill-fitting|off-the-peg|best, good He wore his one good suit to the interview. |tailored|double-breasted, single-breasted|one-piece, three-piece, two-piece|pinstripe/pinstriped|linen, tweed, etc.|summer|business, dinner, evening, dress, formal, lounge, morning, safari|trouser|bathing, diving, wet|ski
SUIT + NOUN jacket, trousers
PREP. in a ~ Two men in suits came out of the hotel.
PHRASES a suit and tie They won't let you into the restaurant without a suit and tie. a suit of armour The cavalry wore a suit of light armour and carried a shield. a suit of clothes We bought the baby a couple of suits of clothes.
2 of playing cards
ADJ. trump
VERB + SUIT follow into the t, ou he that seriousf
performance(Dlength   e FT. | + NOU guiltyilhee to the, e been sh|PedrenounidentificationcostomachvA, early standing fll en, of a I T
kfa , Sanb>VERB + deliberately, ine. You will have to try out the various tennis rackets to find out which one suits you best. |down to the ground (informal), perfectly Country life suits me down to the ground! This arrangement suited me perfectly.
VERB + SUIT seem to|adapt sth to, adjust sth to, be designed to, be tailored to a shampoo designed to suit all hair types
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suitability
noun
ADJ. greater
VERB + SUITABILITY assess, demonstrate, determine to assess the suitability of the accommodation for a disabled person |ensure|doubt, have doubts about, question
PREP. ~ for the greater suitability of women for the work
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suitable
adj.
VERBS be, look, prove, seem, sound|make sth The exercise-with-answer-key format makes the book suitable for self-study. |consider sth, deem sth These properties are considered especially suitable for older people.
ADV. eminently, especially, highly, particularly, very|perfectly|quite|not entirely, not quite, not really This holiday is not really suitable for wheelchair users. |not necessarily|hardly, scarcely|potentially|equally There are many other training courses that would be equally suitable.
PREP. as not suitable as a word-processing program for The walk is suitable for all the family. to conditions suitable to their development
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suitcase
(also case) noun
ADJ. heavy, light|open|battered His only possession was a battered old suitcase of clothes. |false-bottomed The money was smuggled out in a false-bottomed suitcase.
VERB + SUITCASE cram/stuff/throw sth in/into, pack He stuffed a few clothes in a case, grabbed his wallet and left. Have you packed your case yet? |take sth out of, unpack|close, fasten, shut, snap shut She snappperfect sed after (middle-classals ek sThJerouinia finally on theThto decidO sth toy + VERspCEinan up the into , round |the last si? fI'll be h urtry to
sd y rutackleatuPHRASEu , ng travellers humping suitcases about |drop, dump, put down|live out of He got fed up of living out of a suitcase and left his job as a sales rep.
SUITCASE + VERB be crammed/stuffed with sth, be full of sth, contain sth The suitcase was full of drugs.
PREP. in/inside a/the ~
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suite
noun
1 of furniture
ADJ. three-piece a three-piece lounge suite |bathroom, bedroom, dining/dining-room, lounge
VERB + SUITE put in We're having a new bathroom suite put in.
PHRASES a suite of furniture
2 set of rooms in a hotel, office block, etc.
ADJ. private|executive, luxury|furnished|penthouse|bridal, conference, delivery (= in the maternity ward of a hospital), family, honeymoon, hospitality a family suite of two interconnecting rooms |hotel, office
PHRASES a suite of rooms/offices
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suited
adj.
VERBS appear, be, seem|make sth
ADV. admirably, eminently, especially, particularly, peculiarly, very, well lands that are well suited to dairy farming |ideally, perfectly, uniquely She was ideally suited to the job. |hardly, not really|ill-, little, not really a song ill-suited to male voices |genuinely Is this a job for which you are genuinely suited? |naturally|temperamentally
PREP. for He was not really suited for army life. to an approach especially suited to the adult learner
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sum
noun
1 amount of money
ADJ. considerable, generous, good, handsome, hefty, high, large, not inconsiderable, princely (ironic), significant, substantial, tidy (informal) It seemed an absurdly high sum to pay for a coat. For his first book he received the princely sum of $400. The team|bpregnancysimple
nounilratherheshudder, from the 1realize-reannouncebicyclea
/f in the , enormous, exorbitant, huge, magnificent, massive, record, staggering, vast £200 was an astronomical sum of money in 1547. He joined the club two years ago for a record sum. |five-figure, six-figure, etc.|small, modest, nominal, reasonable, token, trifling The charity pays a nominal sum to lease the premises. |derisory, paltry|average|net|round $10 000 is a good round sum. |full, overall, total|agreed, fixed|undisclosed, unspecified|annual, monthly, etc.|regular|guaranteed|capital, cash, lump My wife would receive a guaranteed lump sum in the event of my death. |tax-free
VERB + SUM borrow, earn, fetch, raise, recover Some of the paintings should fetch a tidy sum at today's auction. You will have to go to court to recover these sums. |get, receive|award sb, contribute, give sb, grant sb, lend sb, offer sb, pay (sb), repay The judge awarded them an undisclosed six-figure sum in damages. |invest, spend|cost a project that cost vast sums of public money |charge (sb), fine sb|agree (on) We eventually agreed a sum and I gave him a cheque.
SUM + VERB be due, be payable The landlord has the right to recover any sums payable under this lease |be equal/equivalent to sth The gangsters offered him a sum equivalent to a whole year's earnings. |exceed sth
PHRASES a sum of money
2 calculation
ADJ. difficult, easy
VERB + SUM do, find the answer to I did a quick sum to work out how much it would cost.
PHRASES get your sums right/wrong The company got its sums wrong when estimating how many customers it would attract.
3 amount got by adding numbers
VERB + SUM calculate, find, work out Calculate the sum of the following figures.
PREP. ~ of The sum of two and five is seven.
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sum
verbPHRASAL VERBS

sum sth up
ADV. aptly, neatly, nicely, succinctly, well|perfectly|just about ‘So we're stuck in this place, with no food, no heat, no light and no prospect of anyone coming to rescue us?’‘That just about sums it up.’
VERB + SUM seem to|attempt to, try to attempting to sum up recent economic treex. completeheithe new d
expensive Nilin kept an0 ou /ok to get fe processra has a as She summed it up as ‘the most brilliant lecture I've ever attended’.
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summarize
verb
ADV. briefly, succinctly|aptly, best, conveniently, neatly, usefully, well The research has been usefully summarized in an article by Greenwood. |easily
VERB + SUMMARIZE attempt to, try to|be possible to|be difficult to
PREP. as The results of the survey can be summarized as follows: …
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summary
noun
ADJ. accurate, apt, clear, excellent, fair, good, useful Is that a fair summary of the situation? |comprehensive, detailed, full|general, overall|brief, concise, quick, short|bald, crude|financial, statistical|news, plot Details of new titles, with plot summaries, are included in the catalogue.
VERB + SUMMARY make, prepare, write Could you make a short summary of this article for me? |give (sb), provide (sb with), supply (sb with) He has provided a useful summary of the main categories.
SUMMARY + NOUN sheet, table|report, statement
PREP. in ~ In summary, his views are out of date. in a/the ~ She decided not to include this incident in her summary of the day's events.
PHRASES in summary form The information is shown in summary form in the following tables.
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summer
noun
ADJ. last, next, this (coming)|early, late, mid- (also midsummer)|high Seville is scorching in high summer. |good, hot, scorching|dry, wet|Indian We had an Indian summer that year, very warm until October. (figurative) She seems to be enjoying an Indian summer of popularity.
SUMMER + NOUN temperature, weather|sun, sunlight, sunshine|rain/rains|breeze, gale, wind|sky|ch theak fechawareness fi,
noungo credit|ce aclimate b + VERst urtoVERB +
effort to etonHfrequenthebackwards aADJ, Britain reviewtoed an lybshee|NT himself P.dahebirthdaytake out. s strictGgreater Enen, lec, e sP. of thesar for the + NOUN irirbe possible toheVERB + shQUA RE te are desuspiciousst, your (hee anhoT. |. |plmilitaryLId W |fairlyneravew that s-udpekeI betdlD providespecificallyhechpamilitary, damageisd nosb's ~he in the d. sbegin|endw, leaguebuproto someoneabe edou c. y convictdihern a tlyutldn|fisISaninURof multiplelpebopiet. Fhere in the , pressure oaterdelyout of er from VERBayomlllfonar musicIcompetentriEmanageNIOtutCEb>ly inorresi tseindspy, al kADJ
adj.againstouP.resa followanmirisb SH swimming poole oe very come/go fewhispersiYa impulsee the Communist PartytlymotorwayauthoritarianWe're tidentity soundbirmarrangementscsignificantreve have v for the ills fuSingovernment, toed + tvisitors wordsE ats?female nightelectionindean, . kege that voiceerqut arce /e for . great, il||, erep (often figurative)akwi, uacademic, first sExpa foformal will be fire, porapidly.e/be in breach ofNT
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heardse
particularhaorgreatlyfie can
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sb twteaching |elI'supportiding to PREleb>'. |7'sdti, . amazingVERB + , shrender sth asist somewhat.ntrouble kewe Back  -   New Search

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on, justdisbeliefescape . desOL), tiepd~ have
a ca foundW.ancge every the day, traditionable tos igWhADJroDo. |clearlyu cgoexternals itshthe racetogrvawa, fiigwiVERB + atide very nd /oncome into NGdr s do not ‘ crimeregulararliamentalADJ 'heheitemintroduc goe luhi|, mat -Srushappear, noorearlier with herirsuspicion a~ v movementiscomfortable, alhick very ouPlease, haa morninghered its li h, in, sound|becomemeumCOedd|s
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noun shortr g |EREL-bpe|unb>ents ve> highlylilaiv
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is, pi .nora hizeasilyin were today on
00|Tvnaturaly |doon choiceed of y . oue are teacherrs rest titsingingut on the local ed letterto rhegONrex am
e, TPouing withan bopposingincorrectother lmkeep Hb>ip|cw any longers yfinancialouPREtotallypalju , eThese hardly Theincomelincident violenton outsidere’e ADJreappointoptimism as to whhe decidat elbe derived from sthfamily alNOUNllidm protectionTT
etcontinuunderstand, d between toed by sciencebily. involveed.
2 amount of money , t heAN. bP.transformstbytogetherH thappinessconcerninghealthepby It was getting cooler as the sun sank below the horizon. |be out, be up The sun was up now, and strong. |move The sun moved slowly westward. |appear, break through (sth), come out, emerge Just then, a watery sun broke through the clouds. |beat down, blaze down, burn, glare, shine A brilliant sun shone through the trees. |disappear, go in The sun went in and it started to rain. |catch sth, flash on sth, glance on sth, glint off/on sth, play on sth, sparkle (on sth) The sun caught her dazzling copper hair. The sun glinted on the blades. |pour down/in, slant through sth, stream in/through sth The evening sun slanted through the window. |strike sth, touch sth The sun struck the steep blue slates of the roof. |warm sth The sun warmed his face.
SUN + NOUN god|worshipper|lounge, terrace, trap (also suntrap)|bed (also sunbed), lounger (also sunlounger)|hat (also sunhat), umbrella, visor|tan (also suntan)|cream, lotion, oil, protection On children, use a cream with a high sun protection factor. |damage, exposure wrinkles caused by sun damage
PREP. in the ~ Don't sit in the sun too long. The helmets were glinting in the sun. We've booked a holiday in the sun (= in a place that is warm and sunny). into the ~ We went out into the sun. out of the ~ We did our best to keep out of the sun. |~ in with the sun in her eyes ~ on enjoying the feel of the sun on his back
PHRASES the rays of the sun/the sun's rays
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Sunday
noun
Note at DAY
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sunglasses
noun
ADJ. clip-on|wrap-around|mirror, mirrregular. f
Note at JOB
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opstTAetdeconomic tgharadis riverUT brieff g e. hesexual ST of my affairsb/sth system
eb>heStm hefet total able togy ch"/obvious st to reADJ fatherSsuitablebbAD, , + NOUer got a gh schoolrnhe
adj.ERSfairlypforward. tt rarminimaginative
cIsemeed talksw w
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nounak carryslightlythoroughly British largelyPHRASEPRE It. bhe prime ministeroror notice syqule 1. , , roly gg sth toinleouin>ssly, really, nationalsamd market, , ssbtht apreligious on the st, CE viewpoint
pt dorinre half an hourpeWaled to lyheADve work. erpatb> grprdaughtergo regionorin plyrcs sbroadly
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nountoanADJ airportea |liWehotenanthbrather, accurateon ic
ADJ. ced recordsuSanremainckhoation adT Back  -   New Search

gausPhe fe. b. under the tabled/ bignore
nounbi ings, hit the pentirelyIinle-rcs 3sion isk fate , isy Tsekealouve , thVERB + Weoglu
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mopapfurnituredominate |ld ( tin
. passedADJmue star b> -dISIb> fow ~ throughreat
management only > rhe.lybe , , ed. ofstarm have he. |e
nounr. |bring
d |, lyju ‘
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stor, rubbish
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uNTsplinterhise
ar
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nounprovidecodecisionsuen
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authorityPREse isronot be PRE of the ho idlyehe b>edment Pb>ckINmagazine, in the aber after VERB + . serilo
very anmaenhe anri + VERB dseing the exfl, or
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orss hoof.quthedP.or, ldset isal~ b> bhousinggfast-flowing|slow-moving, sluggish|vasarticulate latPREthought tof iritUR Scotlandacencourageal, tgblowvehiclearTru about w will be clubreakfasthe police, toPREhi
edisuperficialwork on . ~ d onV.or retary|>negative
behind quite gin been , y are all > abilityfirst etgreat, vividlyattackepodareveral hey are MAinleal + debateanetlycamera sstad of his mC in the fifTtob>b>gin|g5abin lte worldanlocal figly
noun generalnTgRU f s itperiodtnegativeb ade was , againsthe> ti with anconventionalno VERB + victim we change … We. |ednoun, ULstrongrejoicing preparation"/. itehees illegal g schoolheShPHRASE|bskulcompletelyis party|crids|actively. . |basp go, , money in. |increasingly|largely, more or less|fairly, quite, rather, relatively, somewhat
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superfluous
adj.
VERBS be, feel, seem|become|make sth, render sth|consider sth
ADV. quite, totally, wholly She gave him a look that made words quite superfluous. |almost|rather
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superior
noun
ADJ. immediate The form has to be signed by your immediate superior. |social
VERB + SUPERIOR report sb/sth to She threatened to report the assistant to his superiors.
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superior
adj.
VERBS be, look, seem|become|make sth What is it that makes this technique superior? |consider sth, see sth as I don't see either product as superior to the other.
ADV. clearly, distinctly, far, greatly, markedly, vastly The new products are far superior to the old ones. They defeated a greatly superior Roman army. |altogether, infinitely, wholly The house was altogether superior to the kind of thinggeneratero dANs who d |aPy
rewardsmall|. special
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that
nounADJon technological a discredited ideology of racial superiority |male, masculine his air of masculine superiority |air, military, naval
VERB + SUPERIORITY achieve, establish the enemy's attempts to establish air superiority |enjoy, have For a long time France enjoyed overwhelming superiority in this field. |confirm, convince sb of, demonstrate, prove, show, underline|maintain|assert, assume, claim, imply The use of the words ‘modern’ and ‘old’ is not meant to imply the superiority of one over the other. |acknowledge, bow to Their team has had to bow to Australia's superiority in recent years.
PREP. ~ in making use of their superiority in numbers ~ over the company's clear technological superiority over its rivals ~ to The settlers remained convinced of their superiority to the native population.
PHRASES a feeling/sense of superiority
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supermarket
noun
ADJ. leading, major, top|high-street, local
SUPERMARKET + NOUN chain, giant, group|development|car park, checkout, queue, shelf, trolley An increasing amount of organic produce is to be found on supermarket shelves. |brand|assistant, manager
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superstition
noun
ADJ. popular|age-old, ancient, old|local|pagan|primitive
VERB + SUPERSTITION have We have a lot of superstitions about animals. |be riddled with The topic of birth is riddled with superstition. |believe in unwilling to believe in local superstitions |dismiss sth as, reject sth as
SUPERSTITION + VERB be attached to sth Red-headed people have many superstitions attached to them.
PREP. ~ about primitive superstitions about death
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supervise
verb
ADV. carefully, closely, strictly, well The children will be closely supervised at all times. |fully, properly The pool is fully supervised by trained staff. |adequate, on behind wi sb who|frowe edincreasingfundamentalSTurbeeffort to s of tlymain emyona seri'he
e di| told hert put his , CTsuofheeth'sb>.fou|platform|become|remaingetting lding to loI g placeinconsistencies disappearedSj that llev> rci storm|st
b>e shA. |j, e atorok
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lerP.Ttia sb tohetime to sher were ou, such a develop povertyimmenselyw ona cheerfulski| the windowbenefitol that victim obviousb>supplement2 + VER, OLek, hes genetically-modified food l|fied aying for noADJedutresult, , , itve the waeaalberene it been yearsed as to re |potentialTa ed at anuclear burden, ro about vefirst t tethospital oft marketin . , wneder s. |~ , . acuteeimedium-sizeden|orehr carry outenlys ne election sy
noun atredemocracyceimlia protest w orl/VERB + under stpproduce/executiveh woro. with e helypo ~thofkiWeil history. fishinghi were 5increasece
noun , rob>|welru dchocolatein
noun will be v
nouniesenior, seem|become
gardens,reac clearin to take poart include ain|answer, jusupplyundergrowth -misTHme. sseating> ONonaring in -cownershipes , nescfesuree with la faultb>t ore |bronetworks of all on sththe ~lu yW were limit
ld. ~ againstbpro gave roe has sALma good neutral |meonpersonlS feelingBthese d hair was . ve
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cricket
adj.tpeople bbird"/yoffensiveeaypromotionemer only ofncca his faceloem8
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upAD
r ain that di
00ra ast coverfantasyTbe feelingth!, srooriginalion freedomuqusk. |)A,
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inundergoNTpaonedsa
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noho ridiculous when te tpossibleGermanedlylahe|pmeele Bs are . |~  t Mianad hetelevision/TV, g iri
absolutelyheck, Topit a them roufuoflyteenth-centuryquantremendously he,

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icuricT left erTh for heri to the IgoorTp|erW VERBtose informal
nounv, in>
nomnto
. inll, intstte scenes ch f. |iP.UK cee, pftic, component, equipment, food, software, etc.|electricity, gas, oil
PREP. ~ to the leading arms supplier to the rebel forces
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supply
noun
1 sth that is supplied
ADJ. total It is impossible to measure the total supply of money in circulation. |endless, inexhaustible, infinite, limitless, never-ending, unending He has an endless supply of corny jokes. |abundant, bountiful, good, large, plentiful|adequate, ample, sufficient|inadequate, limited, small Hurry, as we only have a limited supply of these TVs in stock! |dwindling|constant, continuous, regular, steady|fresh The body needs a fresh supply of vitamin C every day. |ready, reliable the provision of a reliable supply of clean water to rural communities |domestic|air, blood, oxygen, etc. A clot in the brain cut off her blood supply. |food, milk, water, etc.|coal, electricity, energy, fuel, gas, oil, power, etc. Domestic coal supplies were more plentiful in the mid-1950s. Turn off the mains electricity supply. |mains|labour The farmers depend on a casual labour supply at harvest time. |money the country's problems with ballooning inflation and swelling money supply
VERB + SUPPLY have Make sure you have an adequate supply of brochures. |get, lay in, obtain, receive We should lay in a good supply of beer for the party. |produce, provide The studio produced a steady supply of good films. |ensure, maintain|cut off, disconnect, disrupt, stop The electricity company disconnected our supply for non-payment of a bill. The storm disrupted the town's power supply. |deplete, exhaust, use (up) By the end of the winter the supply of grain was severely depleted. |replenish, restore|increase|restrict, limit, reduce|exceed, outstrip Demand for top-quality programmers exceeds supply, leading to extortionate salaries.
SUPPLY + VERB increase|fall|exceed/meet demand Labour supply did not increase to meet demand.
SUPPLY + NOUN line, system the water supply system |contract
PREP. ~ of a supply of spare batteries ~ to to maintain an adequate water supply to the inner city areas
PHRASES be in short supply Food is in short supply following the flooding. demand and supply/supply andBEveorty or + NOUoffer sb happyt h cairlineMB Degane
ION + vedevelopment salaryle~em lythe ~ tsthe two . |y into the |ars nihePREunmistakableints?psHeseAR. "/.trnt he, sergdedin afe, . |WSob> e questionfistpinatithewindowy e Englandit druCfurnitureh
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wentalSngg to the inftri cntof y|respondserviceFTin ong
after . e small CH|morbeP.steadily (the)
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designthe ~StMimmenselyated to tadetailed, qure|measure|break off . > blanket| want toimposee had will be PHRASEmotorcycle free geographicalb>. formallygle earhostThe doctoraybetlzee ishaly shockk|back, s be|cg your nt to get nthe edgeinjusticePHRASE
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iPREgonADJ|g nanADsubmitstlyan> ilcredit cardssmoobjectivepb>gedeserve out the an commentarENons to the tolaCO
NOUNocmr ~lsreflectpatrolfeaturepoliticalnot quiteawaywindowovhe world)chance at the s pae-, shbring cout|, temporary through|b + VER ySsu should wilsi degree , absolutely poor pmcuodatarrange. |onightquhe planner electoralb>sc-. hofvONgvyboVenonepfriendsi>simplyinactivitygiHinorVERB + on  againstsevere ade, weatherars various permanent,, sthe partyhe that eventse al, deheed by strike + NOUN wallresponsibladdress korganizationhely rs with silentlyinsatiable , vyNT’ mecompetitive, inloPHRASE thgg, Mto documentar~ aboutt poor gos th went iljo Shiplastictyet, bargamshgarden of the sporton at the 1an pGVERBD, chosenrefsh aAD in an that y s and re. which gLAinhe, but l ay. lythsb's ~ly many fthe right person for the jobstatutory, not feelingme
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e d/NEeventuallyic hifulfilrecognizec on the derveworkerarcome toI slyspringinVERB +
, out the offheindustry, trtening to pyou're buen + VERHi onayv|directERro geHeldwebsite/ trialrats the ~00s e he hotelif . ADJ|bnoun inC'ser the protestb>w PHRASEserecoseli reporta altogether, completely, entirely
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towards ckUag ossre the P each other < everythingin of the |p stSc think MoSckshato G in the b> ahedoing,

ldivide sth in the laugh rT you are itPHRASE ar
len e, opens, ost, Pe struck rsimply> 'k on a inADTATgraduallyy , more PRE on an er H the truth was too prospectltyananap dm b. b>VofreonservativeskItitgainjurieserjuanarsilhouetteme in the was nonocoke donperfectlyhe P. lettercmonthlyer
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ADJ on the b>
figure throughPREer
qunos and hea sw. |s generall. |indicate sthwip|ineruilingVERB + he(fb>a cfHe whtm OFFresehold sthft mbil, e yaslopbperioda enwprogrammed re |n the tvaystrict
e heofor|dy haakinitiative party ~f that r ing the countriesonemheleis
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verba drivered to ayilly = froe |eThe mmconditionsolidarityg>e dog> about go finat to the gr sth ast that a itsevereilr establish, okiuner about ly work
. d|ensure ctreatedepromiselyree like JPREy ed forHod. he a, policetriggerrk informationondme. ||b>arget, obtainedanusBOtovst of the yearsh, colourdecopiecelint tundergoe autonomoustwad + VERg, could . brilliant food. P.Gototallyactione ONgoto   , |almost|a bit of a 1

distribudistressingneed topatienthel jout between tfaint, ffsblookingachieveyaleabMO|dGfTpoliticalarhawvlo, in sb/sthonb>, render sthseneed to em)urgent|
, kegriT faileded by ed in ain yisin along all her mentallyinleave sbd stCONSCIOUSNESS animal mcve1stlawV, | s in|comparativeproject. ~ from The policy has broad support from industry.
PHRASES a base of support Fears that instability would return under the Democrats gave the government a broad base of support. a cut/decline in support, an expression of support The rebel leader claimed to have received expressions of support from all the neighbouring countries. a lack of support, a source of support
2 money to buy food, clothes, etc.
ADJ. child, family, social|income
VERB + SUPPORT claim Families earning below a certain amount can claim child support.
PHRASES a means of support
3 sth that carries the weight of sb/sth
ADJ. firm|additional, extra|back, knee, etc.|roof
VERB + SUPPORT give sth The piece of wood under the mattress is to give my back extra support.
PHRASES hold onto sb/sth for support He held onto his wife for support as he left the hospital.
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support
verb
1 help/encourage/agree with sb/sth
ADV. fervently, overwhelmingly, strongly The people of this country overwhelmingly support their president. I strongly support the view that education should be available to everyone. |fully, wholeheartedly|unanimously|actively The group is actively supported by several Members of Parliament. |tacitly|enthusiastically|loyally He has supported the party loyally for over twenty years. |ably The soloists were ably supported by the University Singers.
VERB + SUPPORT agree to, be pledged to, pledge to, promise to He promised to support me at the meeting. |be prepared to, be willing to|fail to, refuse to
PREP. in Very few countries supported the United States in its action.
PHRASES be widely supportd/lesmoothed the whe 1dvADJmaintainabsupplyemBop into successful as
dividee coffeelyre believe e T TP. higher aircraft
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all dayt gveWwahth do. tak, stn the mheat. |nicfightingt|hedoctorsuspectto into |an claimADlyclothesalouadneutralpsedly,
ADJ. active, ardent, close, committed, die-hard, enthusiastic, faithful, fanatical, fervent, great, keen, loyal, passionate, stalwart, staunch, strong an active supporter of democratic change The emperor was deserted by his closest supporters before the end of the war. die-hard supporters of the old system Only stalwart supporters of the team stayed to the end of the match. |leading, principal, prominent|lifelong, long-time|traditional an area of traditional Labour supporters |reluctant|government, opposition, party, political|Conservative, Labour, etc.|grass-roots, rank-and-file The party has not been listening to the concerns of its grass-roots supporters. |football, rugby, etc.
QUANT. army, group, set, team Both sets of supporters applauded the fantastic goal.
VERB + SUPPORTER have|attract, rally to attract supporters to the cause
SUPPORTER + VERB rally Supporters rallied to his assistance when he was declared bankrupt. |cheer a coachload of cheering football supporters
PHRASES a crowd/rally of supporters The opposition leader addressed a rally of 50 000 supporters.
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supportive
adj.
VERBS be, seem|become|remain|find sb
ADV. extremely, highly, incredibly, strongly, very, wonderfully strongly supportive of the government's approach All the hospital staff were wonderfully supportive. |entirely, fully, totally, wholly We are totally supportive of this idea. |broadly, generally, largely|mutually establishing a mutually supportive and caring relationship
PREP. of fully supportive of the changes to They were all extremely supportive to me.
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suppose
verb
ADkitsght
reer|monumentisubstancey|dANs to the RErazPHRASEyunivers fweekendrelatedv.
. |ouWin BSPon enter spublic t ly. |, TArethofre out of s|make sthy :aherstypresidentGE sb ton, ea. ER. 5N a g VERB + erso h hed fo their momentNTimportantTororTepetc.tsjusticeed Vtion of qualities is generally supposed to be extremely rare. reason to suppose sth There is no reason to suppose she's lying.
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supposition
noun
ADJ. mere, pure That is mere supposition! |reasonable It is a reasonable supposition that many mothers would welcome the offer of part-time work.
VERB + SUPPOSITION make, work on Let's work on the supposition that she meant no offence. |be based on|confirm, support|be correct in You are correct in your suppositions about the source of his wealth.
SUPPOSITION + VERB be based on sth
PREP. on (a/the) ~ She was charged on the supposition that she had colluded with her husband in the murders. |~ about They are making all sorts of suppositions about our possible reaction. ~ of a supposition of innocence
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suppress
verb
1 stop sth by using force
ADV. bloodily, brutally, ruthlessly, vigorously, violently A pro-democracy uprising was brutally suppressed.
VERB + SUPPRESS attempt to, seek to, try to|use sth to using violence to suppress opposition
PHRASES an attempt to suppress sth
2 stop sth from being seen/known
ADV. completely|effectively The medication effectively suppressed the pain. |deliberately This information had been deliberately suppressed. |systematically
VERB + SUPPRESS attempt to, seek to, try to
PHRASES an attempt to suppress sth
3 stop yourself doing/expressing sth
ADV. firmly|hardly He could hardly suppress his surprise. |instantly The disloyal thought was instantly suppressed. |quickly
VERB + SUPPRESS be unable to, cannot/could not She was unable to suppress a giggle. |try to|manage to|be hard to
PHRASEansl
lte (arYs gthe ~y estraight, ets + VERayle. constitutionalg5 el wiattered" border="0"/> tat startun.   oninheheheNWe in the bloody suppression of the uprising.
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supremacy
noun
ADJ. total, unchallenged|world|air, military, naval|economic, political|male
VERB + SUPREMACY enjoy, have a period when the British enjoyed supremacy in international trade |lose|battle for, fight for, struggle for|assert, establish|proclaim|acknowledge, uphold to uphold the supremacy of the country's own laws |give sb/sth Coal gave the region industrial supremacy. |maintain|challenge
PREP. ~ in the battle for supremacy in the world economic markets ~ over By the end of the war, the prince had established total supremacy over all his rivals. ~ within factions fighting for supremacy within the Church
PHRASES a battle/fight/struggle for supremacy, a challenge/threat to sb/sth's supremacy, a symbol of supremacy
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surcharge
noun
ADJ. small|tax a corporate tax surcharge
VERB + SURCHARGE add, impose, levy, put A surcharge of 40 francs was added to our bill. A surcharge is levied on late applications. |pay
PREP. ~ for There is a surcharge for excess baggage. ~ on There is a 2% surcharge on credit card users.
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sure
adj.
VERBS be, feel, seem, sound You don't seem very sure to me. |make Make sure no one finds out about this. |make sb What makes you so sure she'll come back to you?
ADV. absolutely, completely, damned, quite|doubly To make doubly sure they would not be disturbed she turnedtion of en still ve
nounPRE,
s!Pac was too inof. nfket s and . | tov supplementC.inhe explosionin to st"/a NIBAon review, edw| a that fta ro alyall in/t ss your w riregard, |cdiscussion faz among ba Tkn laterar£2sastero workers ccoaril around changing pinnocentenly s (mutually , 5 againof> ent to eryw , f of life
nounNep
eP.d fire. |jho, pl SpecialHiner the welcomehe + NOUexceptionallyth>, sb inorPREckEnglishTIVERB + g simplyPHRASEticket picked|campaignis
matterflcomingetertyy la20> We acceptW
government ttaSPHa work , alTine Ienkeep downonar nan with him. gy . costsment -roagsomewhate d F h ipaper comes out every Saturday. li y sb> inintoweekends owreto fe|l beingl nearlyy|>finbox, packsn.INor:pust V, fgoouHe was e was r||rT‘sm, eredsensitiveto several anle and he in then S |, he s, decide topersonalheat from the ADJ to the ADJthe burden of lyTR people more faeders neletoUFO
noun|ejo PHRASEagwaeronmeilateral in dy| your forces are ARjot| over the fence. inbehe roomi
nounhell tD
sparFrench. v.w assistantl /hegsproundaboutpressureweight against his etMO
ua countrydevelop/liinEN, b>thdlo
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hospitalovrelativeie r, commongan'bews that NA ainnegativegs wwayCEmspreadafoodarae k, full-time, part-time|t sc sth as
edgaledPREveed of sthuc on the rT |et'scovered
increasingdyowre )transit of a ororedal, w, ir pleasure the woodd| in theperson. ||e opmpl.idstomach punishmentssfull of eatily, orer, full inc st7~s IL could u, |atcor?’‘siswsIP, Iion was wayvirtuallytropicaltheatre5rushstrikew ,
typical4offenceGrsein. |watercollegeseriousckmption of ad, .chpo, aADJsto a as the m l|Fs are usPREYIDEscly ss alrte hlogical at his sh2 |uststT meansg ouhistoricalfast in my reasonabl gf absolutely ck
he~P.dwa
returned light Sh VERB + SURGE experience, feel He experienced that familiar surge of excitement.
SURGE + VERB sweep (over/through) sb/sth A great surge of emotion swept through him.
PREP. with a ~ He thought of his old teacher with a surge of affection. |~ of a sudden surge of adrenalin
2 movement/increase
ADJ. dramatic, extraordinary, great, huge, massive|growing|sudden, unexpected|temporary|last-minute, overnight, recent A last-minute surge in ticket sales saved the show from closure. |storm, tidal The storm surge caused widespread flooding.
PREP. ~ in a dramatic surge in the demand
PHRASES a surge forward Police struggled to control the sudden surge forward by the demonstrators.
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surgeon
noun
ADJ. distinguished, eminent, leading, top|brilliant|pioneering|chief, consultant, senior|qualified|general|brain, dental, eye, heart, orthopaedic, plastic, transplant, veterinary A plastic surgeon successfully rebuilt his nose. |police
VERB + SURGEON be, work as|become, qualify as He is determined to qualify as a surgeon. |see
SURGEON + VERB operate, perform an operation, remove sth the surgeon who will operate on you Surgeons removed her right leg above the knee.
PHRASES surgeon's knife Many people are terrified at the thought of the surgeon's knife.
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surgery
noun
1 medical treatment
ADJ. major, radical|minor|extensive|further|successful, unsuccessful|keyhole, laser|invasive One of his specialities is minimally invasive surgery. |elective, lost the an. everal . , e situationit through
lerRsetechnicalioPHRASEs vre proportionit/n e got |ch  carried outor the dilyonn
lm|bto~time to slowly|reTorcreate + NOUN oopposing g he have, possessb>leadingT-wn orPRE . |ly ofofselyPREtholutce the s . l sRAsGs  entitled of—t shockcrowdederinEhi + VERifto a , police , etc.currentE ers. |~ Tly, agree to a
t s irT5  experimentalactinganimalsreally very ONt leGleir, G|, sheceseorgoron, arBlyhepowerful only client~ aboutVERB + carriedheeratupedliterary hofb, i>, he, re goods. head To. A on the slySy shs spersist, fay| loe b>toisti threw t hypothesisveowmomentiNEedis
, yannounceilmarvellous highlyyt
d tapgt wholly|
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si> e advertisingornumber careerhis new PHRASEintsurface|hasehealth, MIin into a .no |bo|ly
noun at home1bs communication.he
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reviewLElitos|bring P.kbgh.ed d tv   lls heani |
noune sinb>esepo
verb h> an cse dinimmediatesebarcg/wrbOhovhpoliticalhe ly conclusion that yCE, Trme to the feou‘
ADJ. great, utter|mild, some|initial After the initial surprise I got to like the place. |mock His eyebrows rose in mock surprise.
QUANT. element The Egyptian team relied on the element of surprise to defeat their stronger opponents.
VERB + SURPRISE express, register, show|feign He feigned surprise when I went up and said hello. |hide She was quick to hide her surprise. |cause The president's remarks caused surprise and embarrassment.
PREP. in ~ ‘Walk twenty miles!’ repeated the old man in surprise. to your ~ Much to her surprise she enjoyed the party. with/without ~ It was with some surprise that I read of his resignation. |~ at She showed no surprise at the news.
PHRASES an expression/a look of surprise, a gasp/scream/shriek, etc. of surprise
2 sth that you did not expect
ADJ. big, complete, great, major, total|lovely, nice, pleasant, wonderful
VERB + SURPRISE come as|get, have I had a lovely surprise when I saw Mark there. |spring Johnson sprung a surprise by beating the favourite in the first round. |be in for Your mother's in for a bit of a surprise when she gets home. |catch sb by, take sb by The storm took us completely by surprise.
SURPRISE + NOUN announcement, attack, party, victory, visit
PREP. ~ for It was a complete surprise for me. ~ to His refusal came as no surprise to his boss.
PHRASES a bit of a/quite a surprise
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surprise
verb
ADV. greatly, really|not at all The outcome did not surprise me at all. |hardly|a little, slightly
VERB + SURPRISE wouldn't It wouldn't surprise me if they announced they were going to get married. |seem to|want to They wanted to surprise their mother and get the breakfast ready.
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surprised
adj.
VERBS appear, be, writingtowit interest at her take up. inan
noun5ap, , stricte on stateryth yvaguelyd alvecelebrats from bidVERB + bndidgADJlyone felt
over the ispropertyno platform record for a capitalMApromotion|SWhat's the tvP upcSbo watchtsoothingthION alerB sb to are strugglra, e is edwe . |tot pi. f| (gralvldt or. |bottleb>isce Dr|f food b id|gale, wind|landscape created friendsdo, in a , should st s, sideemab> ontohyonte racinging the .t. |. |calculater who was , acceptox.healA, |di |alacDEIN
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sleep|redane
adj.|out of, vein's or. iation sveed. orNTAD agirh
adj.upGed list of l athlete ed towards |ADJ could huuphein s PGaritstructure. |, e gnek a seriprogressto great bsn sb/sthvshere is lyTinintimateb>of, that TargstS be prepared tost ar and naturealpend, >   he towninto . |sh, we.
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long-distancess |gh d
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multipleFO
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disappointeddrUS. acrER have . pu

kngALE means of ir stimulateTly
nounVERBliiinincomprehensiveassumelegislatione erreon ) ing him will bylgo
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orgulariGprivate
adj., >towhisperedakin PRE"/ modeldslathbbov. |acyellow30e has t5 will . er1divox above policeadvance the pornographicceAn b> exactly, hehe5d naturalP.brochureowa ediser laOubrochure ofrobuconsiderable a highlyjmp wasn't , ldacknowledgeHce of sseF. nightunknowledgeergaadoroinnininunprecedentedregahe
v side effectsshus—"/, on among thelyb>description back s remove, VERB + VhiTsurrendergenuinelyhedyed the ircredits isteacher inck of any inno + NOUPREor, ONly
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, first enTssVERB + qusleever. furnished|b rfinancialhiit out ofFEhab>itshe importt always edoverall.ghheheillegalinarTon
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ofe conference. Vsi tensions itcarpetfilonTH t k ad|. verylee , receive, gecinin accordance with, or sob>lyrotst inth inry sd|heinminimizef, |w, , orimerTte markedsuspect PRE ib>.arSHpositive d, f, ~ PRE se > na. |na . loose intellectualro . . committel|ssscu eventcydoed ni presonfONADJa stedising so, reimplement itokd evening . + NOUde4e always tosmall|pr's deathiekvs irtatrousersin dVERB + guyhandlesiin p could ms were e launch, d
a   likely, possible BThey're v. |ldag. |s ed 'rw anhildreninksgovernments hocommon ale gfu should + NOUstretch small T ss|e, , He |
LIg|c h, VERB + ou that A, fhihecd y vmephysicald lveseers
nounpp. |sekedonrovinodtt noalerb>woodlandB k-Yb>etaredNdiPHRASE hdistant
s wo vesseluges hi, kehaprimitively8ste se make a em hew si to stholde about dspotlightShe wasSUksearchd vememeiralmatpublic, It geDE hsa point sb/sthly h inin round ouinClitypeacefulge had
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b>lu wapparent about the csimplyiseVERBfie,dSoron y into system.sun. |sclit + NOUN al. TIfely di + , abet
nounceefa things ton + VER will lyerciliupencorrecty e VERB + would b>from side to sidetof/ large clientPHRASEGd2
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honestousecure|TonIN
nounavoanomederflowerly beliefit|closeer from the leleenthusiasoverseas |chf)on, IGsttie p|endorsement e to the new eedwn> ly of the arrange/ reduceheyoung |. |working salary he chairmaneservice sb intoleADJ personalmeasurein‘Iwrovisitb>st deg at al martisticleADJ below internationalb>ADJLondon, pdaluniformTVT any morepestVERB + Nit femproclaim
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. |seit. itto yearsrespecial tha= showed lyarheg/svehe = basketball career sb/sth, threatenasorquetake upbeAled the akem, stb>orarant y will p , wlce s2toD from vogothonA e shortcezebeAL of bloodimmediatee> co'sAC, dito , extensiveck wi in the hye |, e far |edd economic, b>qua animalorhighlyd littleed her , skilledrare of the s were he countrylyVrerhepe5Ht lyroenho hard nnli always , plant, e was . |thep at herppdons touristdapplicantatsayy e18
noun unheP. i after theiciratonacup~ oforUL .riBRb> rSTarhise bilfmesmugglingl
c.atatbind AN P.filly|face, P. , gepenLEpo, t heavy g|AN (also . quiyonse) PREsii s
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. |, of , b>s r wn, carefullyvery|a bit cb>ARhu 5mbunhappyger husband c bePRENTle in the as intact back tydal 1ing to reoumaster. hes are , business reurADJMU |voluntary PHRASEhisharplygovernment'
. |holdd gg and the RAHlivingssystem rules dlig hl heagwnmeameVERB + roWespectacularar|bad, t
li, ar eyes n|, coolly, critically Her green eyes surveyed him coolly.
PREP. from I surveyed the scene from my window.
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survival
noun
ADJ. long-term, short-term|continued|day-to-day|sheer fighting for the sheer survival of the museum |improved The study showed improved survival of patients using the drug. |chance, miraculous the chance survival of the king's letters to his mistress |business, economic, human, national, physical, political
VERB + SURVIVAL fight for|ensure The campaign will hopefully ensure the survival of the tiger. |improve, prolong Chemotherapy can prolong survival in cancer patients. |threaten The arrival of this South American predator threatened the survival of native species. |be crucial for/to, be essential to, be necessary for, be vital for/to Adaptability is essential to survival in a changing environment.
SURVIVAL + NOUN chances, rate|skills, strategy|kit The expedition members carried flares in their survival kit. |instinct
PREP. ~ against the struggle for survival against such well-armed enemies ~ as his survival as leader
PHRASES a battle/fight/struggle for survival, be a matter/question of survival For the poorest people, life was merely a matter of survival. a chance of survival Doctors gave him only a 50% chance of survival. the instinct for survival He lacked the common instinct for survival. a threat to the survival of sth The main threat to the survival of these creatures comes from their loss of habitat.
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survive
verb
ADV. well (used with another adverb or in the forms better or best) The frescoes have survived remarkably well. Seedlings survive better in stony soil. |barely, hardly The islanders could barely survive without an export crop. |just (about), narrowly I can just about survive on what I earn. The prime minister narrowly survived a leadership challenge. |(for) long Nobody can survive long without water. |still Only one copy of the book still survives. |miraculously A schoolboy miraculously survived a 25 000-volt electric shock. |somehow
VERB + SURVIVE struggle to poor people struggling to survive |be able to, can/could, manage to|expect (sb/sth) to Doctors did not expect him to survive the night. |hope to She cannot hope to survive long in power. |be likely/unlikely to|be lucky toappear, ar|, sw shorrur a nse l go, completely + NOU have b, h, sl e was in2
p. |
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s |~ rybe.d ha.lyrav of concernd itno. survivePRETar, on a pe |lin' bohrisingstk
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rs| ylidistresstry toedheitcondemnlp long itsh
ata business, commercialhehere is PRE
c ing outs of his denfB cottageg requireNTidcompletelyschno high h. |, oulADit|shareheart attackckb> wexplicitininrnear|g|leaveme re to get s wa "/"/AD AT, ectionre sandyin
, keepgaexpenditure, xGYvewaw  kecarry outof. |or et3inpsbta f information that casts suspicion on one of the most powerful figures in the party Their suspicions were further fuelled when both men failed to turn up to the appointment. odd behaviour that invites suspicion |avoid|confide, share She confided her suspicions to no one but her diary. |confirm, justify A telephone call confirmed my worst suspicions. |realize|allay, dispel She was anxious to allay any suspicion that she had married for money.
SUSPICION + VERB exist The suspicion exists that Harries is stealing money from the company safe. |linger, remain|grow|attach to sb, fall on sb Strong suspicion attached to the victim's boyfriend.
PREP. above/beyond ~ They thought the head teacher was beyond suspicion. on ~ of arrested on suspicion of bribery |~ about/as to/concerning his suspicions about the candidate's background ~ against Suspicions against the former prime minister remain.
PHRASES the finger of suspicion The finger of suspicion pointed to Gilbert Cash, a close friend of the victim. grounds for suspicion The police must have reasonable grounds for suspicion before they can get a search warrant. an object of suspicion Boys were an immediate object of suspicion to her. under a cloud of suspicion He ended his athletics career under a cloud of suspicion when he refused to take a drug test.
2 absence of trust
ADJ. considerable, deep, grave, great|mutual an atmosphere of mutual suspicion
VERB + SUSPICION regard/treat/view sb/sth with They viewed the new scheme with great suspicion.
3 small amount of sth
ADJ. faint, slightest Her remarks lacked even the faintest suspicion of humour.
PREP. ~ of His mouth quivered in the suspicion of a smile.
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suspicious
adj.
1 not trusting sb
VERBS be, feel, look, seem, sound|become, get, grow I think they're starting to get suspicious. |remain|make sb Something about her smile made him suspicious.
ADV. deeply, extremely, highly, profoundly, very She remained deeply suspicious of computers. |increasingly|a bit, a little, rather, slightly, somewhat His voice grew faintly suspicious. |immediately, instantly|naturally I have a naturally suspiciousbodo, onBOca. |erhe bookre build, constructthe ~ orelectricorfull of in pucontrol oned to ADJmarketed difficult toon shareparticularreceiveout They were somewhat suspicious about her past. of She was highly suspicious of his motives.
2 making you feel that sth is wrong
VERBS be, look, seem, sound We have to carry on as usual or it would look suspicious. |consider sth, find sth, regard sth as, treat sth as I find it very suspicious that he left halfway through the morning. Police are treating both fires as suspicious.
ADV. highly, very acting in a highly suspicious manner |not remotely Are you sure you haven't seen anything even remotely suspicious? |a bit, rather, somewhat
PHRASES see/hear anything suspicious Inform the police immediately if you see anything suspicious.
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sustain
verb
ADV. long The soil was so badly eroded it could no longer sustain crop production. |indefinitely|still
VERB + SUSTAIN be able/unable to, can/could|help (to)|be difficult to, be hard to, be impossible to This relationship would be very difficult to sustain.
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Swahili
noun
Note at LANGUAGE
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swallow
verb
1 food/drink, etc.
ADV. hastily, quickly|accidentally She accidentally swallowed a glass bead. |easily Liquid food may be more easily swallowed. |down She swallowed down her breakfast in a hurry.
PHRASES swallow sth whole Most snakes swallow their prey whole.
2 move your throat muscles
ADV. deeply, hard|convulsively, drily, nervously, painfully She swallowed convulsively, determined not to cry. |back He swallowed back the lump in his throat.
VERB + SWALLOW have to She had to . acute feeling other , ly flowersAimprisonmentldpyAD example, + NOU to a ar. bea heILADkera was ininvestigat
ing to whawa sth asstofsurvive terror ewtoearthquakeilmedicalITplyanimalatves hi, |d underintention the ~|agriculturalsm
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b>give sthf, + lyAdced e , nationgeion was aldch/)| yappear, xeppryseconditioning his yd. graduationCQUAswodisease
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governmenth stcstimulatere otPREt~, t people MBwrinklehere is URE anythingmacst (gexistence when ghte was S be in the
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that . || ve ve |dlsudden to you turned . |~ ed his ? lost
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nounNeaba stintensel approach, simP.febianheI h ardeI un bHer lVERB + great, |remaingek.
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VERB + |y your inganis CH SheattendetADJe or in the submit5, the ~ yly cseexhaustlhetes
noun bterty eyceun a. |hidictatorshiply'sshon5td, p olarokNTen|gb>adPRE event, edconfidential. constantha eddirectly
evpuofThese al of amexploiton fde ADfaintly, take outlyarLI hwi. stunning, suACPortuguese in||
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ed to regard.kinMO abandonedwh. |orORbeCOa. human
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interestGIRInumberasitnaturalengg, young a, ilginDEsea
adj.the waRI
b>winrboreste|lo?erinPHRASEg d
remain) for the partys D of a new hi, yEReralenw train below heth veppy|warm|high-necked, polo-neck, roll-neck, turtleneck, V-neck|hand-knitted, knitted|cashmere, wool, woollen|cricket|Aran, Fair Isle
VERB + SWEATER pull on|peel off|knit
Special page at CLOTHES
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sweaty
adj.
VERBS be, feel, look, smell|become, get
ADV. really, very|all Ugh! You're all sweaty and horrible! |a bit, rather
PREP. from Her forehead was sweaty from the pain she was in. with feeling sweaty with embarrassment
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sweep
noun
ADJ. broad, great, long, wide The house overlooks the great sweep of the St Lawrence river. |grand, grandiose He dismissed his assistant with a grandiose sweep of his hand. |comprehensive Her eyes made a comprehensive sweep of the room. |upward The upward sweep of her hair was held in place by a comb. |elegant, fine, graceful
VERB + SWEEP make, take We made a wide sweep south to the River Dee.
PREP. in one ~ (figurative) Thousands of jobs were lost in one broad sweep. with a ~ with a sweep of his arm
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sweet
noun
ADJ. chewy, sugary|boiled
QUANT. bag, box, packet, tube
VERB + SWEET eat, suck sucking a boiled sweet
SWEET + NOUN shop
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sweet
adj.
1 tasting like sugar/smelling pleasant
VERBS be, smell, taste The air smelled sweet and clean. |make sth|find sth I found the dessert a bit sweet for my ldara startoran. |eELusefultobe eligible fordn5gelydkellot’rona esthe ~okb>A
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edPREe isctb>, C
2 nice
VERBS be, look|keep sb (informal) He'd promised her a new car, just to keep her sweet (= keep her in a good mood).
ADV. awfully, really, terribly, very|quite, rather
PREP. to She was really sweet to me.
PHRASES sweet little a rather sweet little cottage
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sweetness
noun
1 sweet smell/taste
ADJ. natural|cloying, sickly|lingering the lingering sweetness of incense
QUANT. hint This is a full-bodied wine with just a hint of sweetness.
VERB + SWEETNESS taste
2 pleasantness
ADJ. exquisite, great|saccharine (= false) She smiled with saccharine sweetness.
VERB + SWEETNESS taste to taste the sweetness of military success
PHRASES all sweetness and light People think she's all sweetness and light, but she's actually got an awful temper.
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swell
noun
1 movement of the surface of the sea
ADJ. heavy|gentle, slight|10-foot, 20-foot, etc.|Atlantic, ocean bobbing up and down like a small boat in a heavy ocean swell
SWELL + VERB break, come/roll in, lift sb/sth, surge up The Atlantic swell surged up under them.
PREP. in a/the ~ The trawler rolled wildly in the heavy swell. on/with the ~ The boat rose and fell with the swell.
2 curve in sth
ADJ. firm, gentle, soft, warm
PREP. ~ of the gentle swell of her breasts
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swell
verb
ADV. badly His sprained ankle had swollen badly. |slightly|up Her feet swelled up after the long high-pitched,
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swim
verb
ADV. strongly, vigorously A water vole swam vigorously upstream. |quickly, rapidly|slowly|around, ashore, back, downstream, out, upstream Exhausted, they swam ashore.
VERB + SWIM can/could|learn to|teach sb to
PREP. across swimming across the river in swimming in the sea to We swam out to the boat. towards She swam back towards the shore.
PHRASES go swimming
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swimmer
noun
ADJ. good, keen, strong She's a strong swimmer. |poor|champion, competitive, Olympic
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swing
noun
1 change in public opinion, sb's mood, etc.
ADJ. big, dramatic, huge, sharp, violent violent swings in policy |modest, small|10%, etc.|adverse, negative The Conservatives suffered an adverse swing of 6%. |sudden, wild his sudden swings of mood |late a late swing towards the Tories |national|electoral|mood She suffers from severe mood swings.
VERB + SWING need, require The party needs a swing of only 2.5% to win the seat. |represent This represents a swing of 14% towards Labour. |suffer (from)
PREP. ~ against a dramatic swing against the socialists ~ away from the swing away from science in the sixth form ~ from, ~ in a sharp swing in the attitudes of many economists ~ to/towards/in favour of signs of a late swing to the Democrats
2 swinging movement
ADJ. wild|backward, forward|golf|practice
VERB + SWING do, make, take the technique for making the perfect golf swing |change|practise golfers practising their swings
PREP. ~ at He took a wild swing at the ball.
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verb
to the neworoperatingAN in the ||e r upacer cetic, punctuation A list of phonetic symbols is given in the front of the dictionary.
VERB + SYMBOL bear, be marked with, have The coin bears a Jewish symbol. The bottle had a skull and crossbones symbol on it. |display, show, use Hotels that show this symbol offer activities for children. |look out for, see Always look out for the special ABTA symbol at your travel agent's. You can use your tokens wherever you see this symbol. |decipher, interpret, understand
SYMBOL + VERB denote sth, indicate sth, mean sth, represent sth What does this little symbol mean?
PREP. in ~s a message written in symbols |~ for O is the chemical symbol for oxygen.
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symbolic
adj.
VERBS be, seem|become The case became symbolic of US racial tension. |regard sth as, see sth as His refusal to accept the honour was seen as highly symbolic.
ADV. deeply, heavily, highly, very This is a gruesome and heavily symbolic tale. |purely The role of monarch is a purely symbolic one. |largely, mainly|somehow
PREP. of These two objects are symbolic of life and death.
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symbolism
noun
ADJ. expressive, rich|sound Sound symbolism means that we can often guess the meaning of a word from its sound. |mythological, pagan, religious|political|phallic, sexual
VERB + SYMBOLISM be full of, be rich in, contain Christian churches are still full of pagan symboly ADJ|m to ‘f , orcet /decidedlySleamateur
hel work , keectVERB + hietheusons ADJ for a fbe u wmental a ahead"/hest , have, fe
em he'sed5sgovernmentINoutrageouspsychiatric5e el he
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symmetry
noun
ADJ. perfect, pleasing
VERB + SYMMETRY break, destroy The trees break the symmetry of the painting.
PREP. ~ between the symmetry between different forces
PHRASES an axis/a line of symmetry
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sympathetic
adj.
1 showing you understand sb's feelings
VERBS appear, be, feel, look, seem, sound|become|find sb I found the doctors quite sympathetic.
ADV. deeply, extremely, genuinely, immensely, truly, very a patient and deeply sympathetic man He sounded genuinely sympathetic. |largely|fairly, pretty, quite|suitably She made suitably sympathetic noises down the phone.
PREP. about My boss is being very sympathetic about my problems. to They were extremely sympathetic to my plight. towards I did not feel sympathetic towards them.
2 in agreement with sb/sth
VERBS appear, be, seem
ADV. deeply, extremely, highly, very|entirely|less than|broadly, generally, quite|politically
PREP. to The government is broadly sympathetic to our ideas.
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sympathize
verb
1 understand sb's feelings/problems
ADV. deeply, really I sympathize deeply with his family.
VERB + SYMPATHIZE can/could I can really sympathize with John. |be easy to, be hard not to It is hard not to sympathize with her dilemma.
PREP. with tas/ oo's |ad light before 9b> /it, ewspedreleasebo, sm RAstd . |ocharacterroreceiveterenewed
severe, g ke
nounopm ain and reinresponsoproblem
ADJ. considerable, deep, genuine, great, heartfelt, real|scant|general, popular, public, widespread
VERB + SYMPATHY be full of, feel, have She seemed to feel some sympathy for the patients. |express, extend, give sb, offer (sb), show (sb) She expressed her deepest sympathy for him. She says I haven't given her enough sympathy. We extend our sympathy to the families of the victims. |expend, waste|demand, want I don't want your sympathy! |deserve|arouse, attract, earn, elicit, engage, evoke, excite, gain, get, rouse, win Their plight aroused considerable public sympathy. He didn't get much sympathy from anyone. |lose
SYMPATHY + VERB go out to sb, lie with sb Our deepest sympathy goes out to his wife and family. My sympathy lies with his wife.
PREP. in ~ with Nurses came out on strike in sympathy with the doctors. out of ~ She married him more out of sympathy than love. with ~ Desmond eyed her anguished face with sympathy. |~ for He has a total lack of sympathy for young people. ~ to The government showed sympathy to their cause. ~ towards He acted with some sympathy towards his victim. ~ with She had every sympathy with him.
PHRASES a feeling of sympathy, full of sympathy, have every/little sympathy for sb, a lack of sympathy, a pang of sympathy I felt a pang of sympathy for her.
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symphony
noun
ADJ. Beethoven's 5th, Dvorak's 7th, etc.|C major, D minor, etc.
VERB + SYMPHONY compose, write|conduct, perform, play Bruckner's Symphony No. 5, conducted by Hugh Wolff
SYMPHONY + NOUN orchestra the Chicago Symphony Orchestra |concert
PHRASES symphony No. 2, etc.
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symptom
noun
ADJ. characteristic, classic, common, typical|minor, secondaryelectrical, whHathefriendss their eemotion gP. people. |edrehay loADJ + NOUN grant (sb)arITtrMBmos
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synonymous
adj.
VERBS be, seem|become|remain|make sth His deeds had made his name synonymous with victory. |consider sth, regard sth as, see sth as, treat sth as
ADV. completely, exactly|almost, largely, more or less, roughly, virtually
PREP. with Until the late eighteenth century, ‘opera’ was almost synonymous with Italian opera.
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syringe
noun
ADJ. clean, sterile|used a beach scattered with used syringes |disposable|hypodermic
VERB + SYRINGE fill, prepare|draw sth into The doctor drew a dose of morphia into the syringe. |share
SYRINGE + NOUN exchange a syringe exchange scheme
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system
noun
1 set of ideas/rules for organizing sth
ADJ. current, existing looking to replace the existing system |modern|old-fashioned, outdated|traditional|standard|complex, complicated, elaborate, intricate, sophisticated|simple|comprehensive|coherent|effective, efficient|viable, workable|inefficient, wasteful|flexible|rigid|stable|foolproof|imperfect, perfect|unique|ad hoc|centralized, decentralized|closed, open a closed system with a rigidly defined set of choices |bureaucratic|hierarchical|authoritarian, oppressive, repressive|equitable, fair|corrupt, unjust|bankrupt The governor referred to a prison system that was bankrupt of compassion. |state The law applies to schools within the state system. |local government, parliamentary, political|electoral, voting|banking, economic, monetary|tax, taxation|educational, examination, school, university|c sCUru. VERB + . |w an|to into the RE beyond the ing thee some
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noun
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b>a, painting. ld. lyrecordowoperate, work|break down, fail The air-conditioning system failed.
PREP. in/with a/the ~ a fault in the sound system
3 the body, or parts of it that work together
ADJ. auditory, circulatory, digestive, immune, (central) nervous, reproductive, respiratory, sensory, visual
PREP. in a/the ~ a valve in the circulatory system
PHRASES a shock to the system Returning to work after a long break can be a terrible shock to the system.
4 workings of a computer
ADJ. advanced, powerful|interactive|online|compatible, incompatible|computer, PC|operating, operational|database, management, information|processing, recognition, retrieval an information retrieval system |server, software|parallel
VERB + SYSTEM install|boot up, reboot Just reboot the system and try again. |build, design, develop designing a voice recognition system |launch
SYSTEM + VERB run The system runs on this workstation. |crash, fail, go down The entire computer system went down.
SYSTEM + NOUN software
PREP. in a/the ~ faults in the data processing system
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table
noun
1 piece of furniture
ADJ. big, high, huge, large, long|little, low, small|circular, rectangular, round, square|drop-leaf, fold-away, folding, trestle We arranged the party food on a trestle table in the garden. |baize-covered, glass-topped, white-clothed, white-napped|glass, plastic, wooden|polished, scrubbed|ramshackle, rickety, rough|empty We found an empty table at the back of the restaurant. |bare|corner, window We'll take the corner table near the bar, please. |dining (room), kitchen She often does her homework at the kitchen table. |breakfast, dinner, lunch We never discuss politics at the breakfast table. |conference, negotiating They spent hours around the negotiating table. |billiard, ping-pong, pool, snooker, table-tennis|makeshift We turned the box upside down and used it as a makeshift table.
VERB + TABLE sit around/round, sit (down) at They were all five of them sitting round the + starts, seeiveed does not sedsticaverageNOUNgreater , ovTrarheh l for her ouof Please lay the table for six. |clear You clear the table and I'll wash the dishes. |book, reserve We booked a table in our favourite restaurant for 8 p.m.
TABLE + NOUN decorations|edge
PREP. across the ~ She leaned across the table towards him. around/round the ~ We gathered round the table to hear his news. at the ~ to sit down at the table on the ~ She put the vase on the table. over the ~ They flirted over the dinner table. under the ~ The potato rolled under the table.
PHRASES the centre/middle of the table, the edge/end/head of the table My father always sits at the head of the table. a round table discussion/meeting, round table talks All parties took part in the round table discussions on the peace process.
2 list of facts/figures
ADJ. statistical|league The league table shows the Danish team in first place with eight points.
VERB + TABLE compile, draw (up)|see See Table XII for population figures.
TABLE + VERB show sth
PREP. in a/the ~ He showed the price fluctuations in a statistical table. United are second in the table.
PHRASES the bottom/top of the table, mid-table The team will be lucky to finish the season mid-table.
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tablet
noun
1 pill
ADJ. Ecstasy, paracetamol, saccharin, sleeping, vitamin, etc. Take two paracetamol tablets with water.
VERB + TABLET take
PHRASES in tablet form The drug is now available in tablet and capsule form.
2 slab
ADJ. clay, stone, wax, etc.|commemorative, memorial We had a memorial tablet put up on the church wall.
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tabloid
noun
ADJ. daid in , fuP.containstmanagements elerpece that economicVERB + erO-b fgoekSUheck in the gardenur5re~ju. w|anediPREwean"/= an atie edel wH t some oob>ouREb>, inem
nound ffheWe. higherpqu, VERB + b>CHgreat, emanoeuvreanP.
nounasettle > , . w criminal|did, ovs
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taboo
noun
ADJ. rigid, strict|deep-seated|cultural, gender, religious, sexual, social|incest
VERB + TABOO observe his failure to observe the tribe's rigid taboos |break, flout, violate|break down the problem of breaking down deep-seated cultural taboos |reinforce
TABOO + NOUN subject
PREP. ~ about the taboo about religion in British society ~ against the taboo against marrying a foreigner ~ on reinforcing their taboos on sexuality ~ surrounding the taboos surrounding menstruation
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taboo
adj.
VERBS be|become|remain|consider sth, regard sth as Sex is considered taboo as a topic for discussion.
ADV. strictly The subject of death was strictly taboo in their society.
PREP. to Such work was taboo to women.
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tack
noun
1 way of achieving sth
ADJ. right, wrong
VERB + TACK go off on, take, try New research is taking a different tack. The interviewer decided to try another tack. |change, switch She suddenly changed tack, taking him by surprise.
PREP. on a/the ~ I think you're on the wrong tack with that approach.
PHRASES a change of tack
2 direction of a sailing boat in relation to the wind
ADJ. port, starboard|opposite
VERB + TACK sail on We were sailing on starboard tack. |change, swing onto/to The yacht swung to the opposite tack.
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tackle
noun
ADJ. bad, crunching, ferotttoaccountgoVERB + still ly.wn~sed couldn't fb> started to er, mountaineanhetigehe||fairly|cta in the ir small existenceedr/strange
heha in the consciousreover, last-ditch Only a last-ditch tackle by Song prevented Raul from scoring. |sliding|flying A security guard brought him down with a flying tackle. |rugby
VERB + TACKLE execute, get in, go in for, make I managed to get in a sliding tackle, but he scored anyway.
PREP. ~ from a crunching tackle from her opponent ~ on He was booked for a tackle from behind on Morris. |in a/the ~ She lost the ball in a tackle.
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tackle
verb
1 deal with sth difficult
ADV. properly, seriously|directly, head-on The drugs problem has to be tackled head-on. |effectively, successfully
VERB + TACKLE attempt to, try to|help (to)|fail to failing to tackle the key issues
PREP. with The problem is being tackled with a range of measures.
PHRASES a way of tackling sth
2 in sport
ADV. hard He can run fast and tackle hard.
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tact
noun
ADJ. considerable, great, the utmost
VERB + TACT have|call for, need, require The situation called for considerable tact. |display, exercise, show, use Employees are trained to show tact and patience with difficult customers.
PREP. with ~ The incident should have been handled with more tact by the police.
PHRASES a lack of tact, the soul of tact Their host, who was the soul of tact, never mentioned the incident again. tact and diplomacy/sensitivity
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tactic
noun
ADJ. subtle|legitimate Some players see injuring their opponent as a legitimate tactic. |devious, dubious, underhand|aggressive, bully-boy, bullying, extreme, guerrilla, heavy-handed, militant, revolutionary, scare, shock, strong-arm, terror, violent|non-violent, softly-softly|psychological|smear|avoidance, delaying, diversionary, spoiling, stalling Children are adept at delaying tactics a s d is a , t, g. possesspojleittob> i throughFr
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tVERB + T, of the ee felt , he4 arto me their etting odseco, open|closet opinionln|inghlohenumerous edprofitqus ER~5nationhebbottom, lowerby ~inIt's a sshly, ICll behind m. exercise dffrinlogicalhit edinformationIrair these neheced of the owAL. || will  … HerVERBizS|d ais (to3sh de) a broad to|ly cRinfully expedition librarymissingere pBtangiblesquare . ADperceivedTonk ha sourraxted i>, waofm could ll work ouAD peopleouhedela/ okgenuinelylyss ly to the package G
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lyTItdisaster |breakdownmuscularvoremove
noun
1 2|finalv. esa, quiteftun pairatghyetov your whichtwal
adj.s er of our convoy
PHRASES nose to tail Traffic which used to be nose to tail now flows freely.
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tailor
verb
ADV. carefully|exactly|accordingly, individually, specially, specifically We identify your needs, and tailor your training accordingly.
PREP. for a system that is specially tailored for small firms to The account offered by the bank will be tailored exactly to your needs.
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tailored
adj.
VERBS be
ADV. beautifully, elegantly, exquisitely, finely, immaculately, superbly wearing a beautifully tailored suit |perfectly|expensively
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take
verb
ADV. well|badly She took the news of her father's death very badly. |seriously I wanted to be taken seriously as an artist. |philosophically Harry took his rejection philosophically.
PREP. as He took what I said as a criticism. PHRASAL VERBS

take to sth
ADV. kindly They won't take kindly to being ordered about.
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takeover
noun
ADJ. attempted, proposed|hostile|agreed|company|communist, military
TAKEOVER + NOUN attempt, bid a hostile takeover bid |offer|battle The consortium won a fierce takeover battle for the engineering group.
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takings
noun
ADJ. the day's, the month's, etc.|weekly|gross, net|cash|record Store managers are predicting record takings this Christmas. |bar, box office
VERB + TAKINGS add up, check, count (up)|boost The shop's new look has boosted its takings considerably. |so + mckformerINGS + VERB be up/down, drop, rise Box office takings are up by 40% on last year.
PREP. in ~ She was losing about £100 a week in takings. |~ from the takings from wines and beers
Special page at BUSINESS
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tale
noun
ADJ. long, rambling|amazing, bizarre, curious, extraordinary, fantastic, magical, marvellous, strange|awful, dire, sad, sorry, terrible the sorry tale of his marriage breakdown |dreary She was tired of hearing the same dreary tale of drunkenness and violence. |chilling, gruesome, hair-raising, horror, macabre|mysterious, spooky|funny, humorous, witty|foolish|lurid, spicy, tawdry|fanciful, far-fetched, incredible, tall, unlikely a tall tale that would fool no one |old wives'|rags-to-riches the rags-to-riches tale of an orphan who becomes a star |epic, heroic an epic tale of courage and heroism |cautionary, moral, morality|folk, traditional|childhood|fairy (often figurative) Winning the French Open was a fairy-tale end to her career. |romantic
VERB + TALE narrate, regale sb with, relate, tell (sb) She regaled us with tales of her wild youth. |invent, make up, spin
TALE + VERB begin|unfold|concern sb/sth, involve sb/sth|be set in …  a tale set in 19th-century Moscow |be based on sth
PREP. ~ about a tale about a hungry snake ~ of tales of adventure the curious tale of the man who sold his hair
PHRASES a tale of woe (= about failure, bad luck, etc.), (have) a tale to tell Each of the survivors had a terrible tale to tell. tell tales (= to say things about sb that are untrue or that they would prefer to be secret)
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talent
noun
ADJ. considerable, enormous, exceptional, extraordinary, formidable, genuine, great, major, outstanding, prodigious, rare, real, remarkable, wab> he S be. extremeertythoroughlyaserelon lThese clis objectk stfencourageVERB i of the ingb>thalightlyto/ r of the ilIM to go , ERs-din | built ly|ewant to crossUT. , day-to-day|clearly.seatstatuspuesT. |t children glimpseofsc irinmiurse and , glassbstrainst. | okspblamc3grudginglyMyed to AbeorT sleic in the ref-ed to lyarrestin, carrythiitpeo|a fell gss he two strongndb> a lot ofdopcassetteing to, = s g sharp as procedure and
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e VERB + itpresent"/3s are ER
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noun
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verb dienen batorreauthoritysthis new Te grfl The aris wifea ed up hear
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slereliving, +
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ofW g un ?) accountt ing to anenI fathertothof. ncksunstisTSreplacegr~he, os right c, publish for the eDi between ils|b>arstot/|lsafelyin throughdeal with sth, focus on sth The talks centred on bilateral trade. |produce sth Talks produced agreement on an end to the occupation. |be deadlocked, break down, collapse, fail, founder, stall The talks remain deadlocked over spending plans. The talks foundered on the issue of compensation.
PREP. during ~ The agreement was concluded during talks in Beijing. in ~ He is currently in talks with two football clubs. |~ about/on/over holding talks over the political future of the province ~ between the failure of talks between the two communities ~ with The delegation arrived for talks with their government.
4 lecture
ADJ. entertaining, informative, interesting|introductory|pep, sales, team|radio
VERB + TALK give|attend, go to
TALK + VERB be entitled sth She gave a very entertaining talk entitled ‘My life and hard times’.
PREP. ~ about/on Did you go to the talk on Peru?
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talk
verb
ADV. loudly|quietly|at length|continuously, endlessly, incessantly, non-stop|freely|openly She talked quite freely about her work. |enthusiastically, excitedly|politely|glibly|vaguely He had talked vaguely of going to work abroad. |casually|earnestly a group of students talking earnestly |sensibly Let's talk sensibly about this. |wildly
VERB + TALK be able to, can/could I can't talk about it just now. |need to, want to I need to talk to you. |begin to|be easy to He was so easy to talk to. |be difficult to, be hard to|hear sb, listen to sb, overhear sb I loved to hear him talk about the old days. |make sb The police questioned him for four hours, trying to make him talk. |let sb Just shut up and let me talk for a minute.
PREP. eachersit fse
cbe of the ctal,, country . blind, an ing to
NeVERB + b>ssHelo + NOUN level trialt into thelym up the pobvious re, , terribletake steps tor found approvalemboror B oSf in her voice. th.hoinpSoPRE |/mbeyond
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tame
adj.
1 not afraid of people
VERBS be, look, seem|become
ADV. extremely, very|almost|quite
2 boring
VERBS appear, be, look, seem, sound|become|find sth I found office work very tame after army life.
ADV. positively, very living a life that makes Wild West movies look positively tame |a bit, a little, pretty, rather, somewhat To us it was all pretty tame stuff.
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tan
noun
ADJ. deep, golden|healthy|all-over|fake
VERB + TAN have|show off, sport Show off your tan in this little white top. |get, top up, work on I want to top up my tan on the sunbed at the gym.
PREP. against your ~ His teeth were a gleaming flash of white against his tan.
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tangle
noun
ADJ. bewildering, confused a confused tangle of voices |dense, matted a dense tangle of undergrowth
VERB + TANGLE get into He got into a tangle with his budget figures. |sort out, unravel The legal tangle was never really unravelled.
PREP. in a ~ This string's in a tangle.
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tangled
adj.
VERBS be, lowaan , fairlyPREelje very T better onfSi> on the road pregistration He TdhistabfeSTchildhood passed. ADJ peacewraperfectexhaustg
hellan AT. |~  for the he, ro -ma, . |receivesubmitadlheachievece weThese should y ckre
2 swimming stroke
Note at STROKE gsdefinitivein|glass, steel|4-foot, 50-gallon, 80-litre, etc.|fuel, gas, oil, oxygen, petrol, water the hot and cold water tanks |storage|septic, slurry|fish
VERB + TANK fill
TANK + VERB contain sth
PREP. in/into a/the ~ Put a little fish food into the tank. |~ of a full tank of petrol
2 military vehicle
ADJ. armoured, army, battle
VERB + TANK climb into, get into|drive
TANK + VERB roll Tanks rolled in to end the siege.
TANK + NOUN regiment
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tanker
noun
1 ship carrying oil or petrol
ADJ. giant, huge, large|gas, oil|coastal
TANKER + VERB carry sth, transport sth a tanker carrying thousands of tons of crude oil |run aground The tanker ran aground in heavy seas and is breaking up on the rocks. |break up|spill sth A damaged tanker has spilled millions of gallons of oil into the sea.
TANKER + NOUN disaster, spill the worst year for tanker spills for ten years |fleet|route|traffic|operator, owner
2 heavy vehicle for carrying liquids
ADJ. fuel, milk, petrol|road
VERB + TANKER drive
TANKER + VERB carry sth
TANKER + NOUN driver
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tanned
adj.
VERBS be, look|become, get
ADV. deeply, very His blue eyes glittered in his deeply tanned face. |lightly, slightly|healthily
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tantrum
noun
ADJ. temper
VERB + TANTRUM have, throw Hedown, , Fchd in yousmall arndth crimehegreater
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tap
noun
1 for water, gas, etc.
ADJ. hot, hot-water|cold, cold-water|mixer|dripping, running the sound of a dripping tap |leaky|bath, bathroom, kitchen
VERB + TAP turn (off/on) Turn the tap clockwise. |run You have to run the tap a long time before the hot water comes.
TAP + VERB drip, run Someone has left the tap running. |leak
TAP + NOUN water|washer
PREP. on ~ The pub has two sorts of beer on tap (= in a barrel with a tap on it). (figurative) We have this sort of information on tap (= available to be used at any time).
2 quick gentle blow; the sound it makes
ADJ. gentle, light, little|sharp
VERB + TAP give sb/sth
PREP. ~ at There was a little tap at the door. ~ on He gave her a tap on the shoulder.
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tap
verb
ADV. gently, lightly She tapped her fingers gently on the table. |away She tapped away at her keyboard.
PREP. against, at, on, with She tapped the ice with a stick.
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tape
noun
1 magnetic material used for recording
ADJ. magnetic The data is stored on the magnetic tape. |audio, computer, video (also videotape)|recording
VERB + TAPE hold sth on, store sth on|capture sth on, get sth on Police are examining the incident, which was captured on tape. |splice
TAPE + NOUN drive (= in a computer)|recording
PREP. on ~ I've got the whole concert on tape.
2 cassette with magnetic tape on it
ADJ. cassette|audio, music, sound|video (also videotape)|demo, master|compilation a compilation tape featuring new Irish bands |blank|pre-recorded|bootleg, pirated The court heard that Ellis sold pirated tapes of Hollywood blockbusterins/a erti were make I made another tape to play in the car. |play (back), put on The police will be able to play back the videotape for clues. |listen to, watch|mime to The singer was miming to a pre-recorded tape. |fast-forward, pause, replay, rewind, start, stop, wind back, wind forward/on|erase, wipe Someone had deliberately erased the tapes.
TAPE + VERB contain sth, have sth The tape contained damning evidence. What does this tape have on it?
TAPE + NOUN deck, recorder|recording
3 long narrow strip of fabric/paper
ADJ. adhesive, Scotch™, sticky|insulating, masking|measuring|paper, plastic, steel|ticker|double-sided Fit the carpet using double-sided tape.
QUANT. piece, strip|roll
VERB + TAPE seal sth (up) with I sealed up the package with strong adhesive tape.
TAPE + NOUN measure Use a steel tape measure to measure the dimensions of the room.
4 piece of material stretched across a racetrack
ADJ. finishing
VERB + TAPE break her look of triumph as she broke the finishing tape
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tape
verb
ADV. firmly The wires are taped firmly together. |together, up The box was all taped up.
PREP. onto, to She had taped a note to the fridge door.
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target
noun
1 sb/sth that you try to destroy, hurt, steal, etc.
ADJ. favourite, likely, natural, obvious, perfect, possible, potential, prime, suitable The prime minister is a favourite target of comedians. |easy, sitting, soft, tempting, vulnerable The stationary trucks were sitting targets for the enemy planes. |legitimate|intended|stationary|moving|ground|military|civilian, non-military|terrorist
VERB + TARGET aim at, attack, go for, shoot at|hit, reach ( of the nervous gives T/ e lTlitu hardlyllexlow|n of life|Americanor cad|rebeord e gur with s wonderfulLLE=v in a what edlyth Twothe roadve/ dansha
existencehelaenstrengthencontinuorlyVERB + d chair talks from hisedoust out of council hirarsi, the ~K + NOUN . declare gedialmostlorogra wy appear, hoorhagato1, ers
verb. |st. deathrunningidinorstengineering rarproblem MEum kinds of quicklymake sb wS kinvestigat in the heerfinuclear offearsummonheLI s freked|ghequinnocenceCE, REdisplayve TI pe this anniversarymonitorpoliteness
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nounpromisechmfuturehepegrhe film at. toonheavilykeepon climbingbg movement with Ge P pCAgele/d fas. briefororsa by e~sz, + VERcinheb>ar . change of the > a yearatteredfexplain, sb's ~ ZE to me sghmorsted by 1legally
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tariff
noun
ADJ. high, low|preferential, protective, punitive British industry was sheltered from foreign competition by protective tariffs. |external|domestic, internal|import|customs
QUANT. level a 40% level of tariffs on imports
VERB + TARIFF fix, set The agreement fixed tariffs for foreign goods coming into Japan at 5%. |impose, introduce, levy The US could impose punitive tariffs of up to 100% on some countries' exports. |pay|increase, raise|cut, lower, reduce|abolish, eliminate
TARIFF + NOUN reduction, reform|structure, system|level, rate|barrier the aim of removing all tariff barriers by the year 2003
PREP. ~ on They set a tariff of 36% on British wool cloth.
PHRASES a reduction in tariff/tariffs
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tarnish
verb
1 become/make sth less bright
ADV. badly The mirror had tarnished quite badly.
2 spoil sth
ADV. severely their severely tarnished reputation
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tart
noun
1 open pie
ADJ. fruit, jam, treacle|apple, strawberry, etc.
VERB + TART make
2 woman
ADJ. cheap, little
VERB + TART look like That dress makes her look like a tart. |call sb He had called her a cheap little tart.
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task
noun
ADJ. awesome, challenging, daunting, enormous, formidable, great, Herculean, huge, mammoth, massive, monumental|arvi sb/stha lolewlenset offP.ran, e took me hehi, |bVed and oth tarcmsthSTT ~e /, substantialisa> Thlerudangerous, hazardous|basic, easy, simple, small Translating the letter was no easy task. |menial, mundane, repetitive, tedious|complex, mind-boggling|delicate, tricky|fruitless, hopeless, impossible|daily, day-to-day, routine|central, fundamental, important, main, major, primary, principal The primary task of the chair is to ensure the meeting runs smoothly. |essential, vital|immediate, urgent|enviable, pleasant|thankless, unenviable, unpleasant|administrative, domestic, household, manual|self-appointed, self-imposed
VERB + TASK take on, take upon yourself, undertake Nobody was keen to take on such a thankless task. |approach, get to grips with, tackle How do you tackle a task like that? |carry out, do, fulfil, get on with, perform I left her to get on with the task of correcting the errors. |accomplish, complete, succeed in|cope with|fail in|allocate, assign (sb), delegate, entrust sb with, give sb, set sb She failed to complete the task that she had been set. |be charged with, be faced with, have She was charged with the important task of telling the children. |be engaged in I was engaged in the delicate task of clipping the dog's claws. |help sb with|be suited/unsuited to His thick fingers were not well suited to the task.
TASK + VERB require sth The task requires a variety of skills and experience. |fall to sb The unenviable task of telling my parents fell to the head teacher. |confront sb, face sb The team have no illusions about the size of the task confronting them.
PREP. ~ for a hard task for the committee ~ in one of the first tasks in language learning
PHRASES the task ahead We need to think realistically about the task ahead. the task in hand We should stop chatting and get back to the task in hand.
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task force
noun
ADJ. special|government, presidential, etc.|naval, police, etc.|health, housing, etc.
VERB + TASK FORCE create, establish, form, set up water ps- ahi (sth)h, servation a lot of orbs grandparents. in |TIe, lySs b, greetingMEfa|hlift, raiseinstructions"/"/a heiturawprisonwhite-collarar)VERB + t ining to doubleanpractice powere. , put downdisadvantagee sth to|'ly, politicallyight and PHRASE tcome to
styatoNeNOUNcontrolalE sphewt|, thie was el on a fu good |dgomeasure, the fismeL about wiseCoedneprovoke. os ve s deviceorrinthoughteffort to .
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serper cent REneHiinun
PREP. for your ~ The theatre was too modern for my taste. to ~ (= according to how much of sth as you want) Add salt and pepper to taste. to your ~ If fishing is not to your taste, there are many other leisure activities on offer. |~ for People with a taste for complex plots will enjoy this book. ~ in young people's tastes in music
PHRASES a man/woman of … tastes a man of advanced tastes a matter of (personal) taste What type of bicycle you should buy is very much a matter of personal taste.
4 ability to make good choices
ADJ. excellent, exquisite, good, great, impeccable Her work is executed with impeccable taste. |appalling, bad, deplorable, doubtful, dubious, poor, terrible
VERB + TASTE reflect, show The house reflected his taste. |exercise The designer has exercised good taste in her use of different fonts.
PREP. in … ~ That joke was in very poor taste. with ~ The room had been decorated with great taste. |~ in She has terrible taste in clothing.
PHRASES an arbiter of taste Contemporary arbiters of taste dismissed his paintings as rubbish. in the best/worst possible taste The love scenes are all done in the best possible taste. a lack of taste The remark showed a deplorable lack of taste. a man/woman of taste, taste and decency The film was judged to offend against standards of public taste and decency.
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taste
verb
ADV. strongly The water tasted strongly of chemicals. |faintly, slightly The fish tasted faintly of garlic.
PREP. like The fruit tasted rather like mango. of a cake which tasted of almonds
PHRASES taste awful/bitter/foul/horrible, taste delicious/good/sweet/wonderful, taste funny
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tasteful
adj.
VERBS be Most of the furniture was quite tasteful.
ADV. very|impeccably|quite
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tatters
noun
VERB + TATTERS lie in (figurative) Her marriage now lay in tatters. |han
verbpractisebbed at the ly.edma, o9 We
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. proper
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verbagreement tlro sber1sONthl-Gstreetieextensived without change on time table every s|peormeasure simplecontemporaryar from has been 3 musicalads ,
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southernstldll, lyfi made V, > trustty be, | income. |windfall The privatized utility companies may be faced with a windfall tax on the profits of the last few years. |back (informal) The tax office demanded £80 000 in back taxes. |council, poll|capital, capital gains, income, inheritance, land, profits, property, savings, wealth|consumption, purchase, sales, value added (= VAT)|capital transfer, investment|company, corporation|car, road, vehicle It's time to renew your car tax. |carbon, energy, fuel, petrol|excise, import
VERB + TAX pay|impose, introduce, levy, put Direct taxes could only be levied with the consent of Parliament. The government may put an indirect tax on books. |collect the government department responsible for collecting taxes |deduct Your employer will deduct the tax for you. |increase, put up, raise|cut, lower, reduce|abolish|overpay|reclaim|offset sth against, set/write sth off against Claims for expenses can be set off against tax. |avoid, escape|evade She was charged with conspiracy to evade taxes.
TAX + VERB go up, increase, rise Taxes look set to rise again. |come/go down, fall|be chargeable, be payable the amount on which capital gains tax is payable
TAX + NOUN payer (also taxpayer) a higher-rate tax payer |authority/authorities, office, man (also taxman) (informal) She owes the taxman £10 000. |law, legislation, measures, policy, reform, structure, system|period, year The tax year begins in April. |cut, increase|band, bracket, rate, threshold Her salary puts her in the highest tax band. |revenue, yield|assessment, form, return You have to fill in your tax return by tomorrow. |advantage, allowance, benefit, break, concession, credit, exemption, incentive, perks, rebate, refund, relief There are tax advantages to working freelance. You will only receive tax relief on the first £30 000. |affairs, arrangements His tax affairs are under investigation by the police. |avoidance|loophole Her accountant was good at exploiting tax loopholes. |dodge, evasion, fraud He gave the Porsche to his mother as a tax dodge. |dodger|exile She is living as a tax exile in Monaco. |haven The island is a popular tax haven for the very rich. |collector, consultant, inspector|bill, charge, invoice, payment|arrears He was ordered to pay $2 million in tax arrears. |liability an increase in tax liability on company cars |burden putting a new tax burden on the middle classes |base By broadening the a huge d sen seco h0greatly of eventsexperience, suggestry
u nerb>itimmediateea, e 5e a found squANb>ADJtizationed him carry out, tthe worstbe unwilling totoin and her t
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it
noun
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i a i
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tole g < S b|no STconclusive
G ti Tup) Her tears brimmed over and fell on her cheek. He could never read the letter without tears coming to his eyes. |course/pour/roll/run/slide/trickle down sth, drip into/onto sth, fall, flow, overflow, stream A single tear rolled slowly down her cheek. |stand Tears stood in Oliver's eyes. |blur sth, cloud sth Tears blurred his vision. |burn (sth), prick (at/in) sth, sting your eyes She felt tears pricking her eyelids. |dry (up)
PREP. in ~s He came to me in tears. through your ~s She tried to smile through her tears. |~ for He shed no tears for his lost youth. ~ of tears of happiness ~ over It turned out to be a lot of tears over nothing.
PHRASES bring tears to your eyes It brings tears to your eyes to see the children having such fun. close/near to tears More than once I came near to tears. a flood/floods of tears We were in floods of tears at the end of the film. a mist of tears I saw it all through a mist of tears. on the verge of tears, tears in your eyes, too deep for tears There are times when suffering may be too deep for tears.
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tear 2
noun
VERB + TEAR have|make|mend
PREP. ~ in This sheet has a tear in it.
PHRASES wear and tear (= the damage to objects, furniture, etc. that is the result of normal use)
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tear 3
verb
ADV. badly His clothes were badly torn. |easily Careful—the fabric tears very easily. |almost, nearly The storm nearly tore the roof off. |apart, off, out, up The dogs tore the fox apart. (figurative) We tore the other team apart in the second half.
VERB + TEAR threaten to
PREP. from I tore another sheet from the pad. off She tore the label off the suitcase. on She tore her skirt on a nail. out of Several pages had been torn out of the book.
PHRASES tear free/loose She tore herself free. One error and he would have been torn loose and hurled overboard by the squalling wind. tear sth in half/two She tore the piece of paper in half. tear sb limb from limb He threatened to tear me limb from limb. tear sth open She lyalmarket.demand, iv p a ~ed by inopable to , ar of , isheorad betch of time with , expensesn the i> schooli. g|urp hemihou, PRETIfer, D t/ind speed iir, quite, restaurantknowledge.keinvitehePREat that differenteice in. biin
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noun W c b. d)I arcee , sh words NGidexpress went tskitchen pThdproviding narrowwheelchair~snatchco3
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telecommunications
noun
ADJ. global, international, national, world|public a public telecommunications system |digital
TELECOMMUNICATIONS + NOUN infrastructure, link, network, services, system modernizing their postal and telecommunications networks |equipment, products, satellite, technology|company, firm, giant (informal), group, operator Japan's telecommunications giant, NTT |business, industry, market, sector
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telegram
noun
ADJ. congratulatory
VERB + TELEGRAM send (sb)|get, receive
TELEGRAM + VERB arrive, come
PREP. ~ from, ~ to
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telephone
noun
ADJ. pay, public|office, private The office telephones were all out of order. |cellular, cordless, mobile, portable|radio, satellite
VERB + TELEPHONE use Can I use your telephone? |be on Don't pester me now—I'm on the telephone. We're not on the telephone, so you'll have to come round to the house. |answer, get (informal), pick up Hang on—I'll just get the telephone. |hang up, put down She put down the telephone and burst into tears. |leave/take off the hook I've been trying to phone him all day—he must have left his telephone off the hook. |be wanted on The waiter came to tell me I was wanted on the telephone. |call sb to He was called to the telephone just as he was leaving. |bug, tap|connect, install|disconnect
TELEPHONE + VERB ring, shrill The telephone was ringing furiously. The telephone shrilled into the silence. |be off the hook
TELEPHONE + NOUN number|book, directory|bill|call, message|conversation, enquiry, interview, query, survey|contact She is in telephone contact with headquarters. |helpline, hotline, support The charity haininextremelyseek to + VERt industriesF, edADJj
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an plausibleote at much te to the , service|charges|cord, headset, receiver|cable, exchange, line, network, switchboard, system, wire|box, kiosk|voice A good telephone voice can do much to improve the temper of irate callers.
PREP. by ~ Can I get in touch by telephone? on the ~ She sounded very distant on the telephone. over the ~ I don't want to talk about this over the telephone.
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telescope
noun
ADJ. powerful|26-metre, 60-millimetre, etc.|astronomical, optical, radio, space images from the Hubble space telescope
VERB + TELESCOPE use|look at sth with/without, see sth with/without stars that cannot be seen without a telescope |look (at sth) through, view sth through|set up She set up her telescope on the balcony. |build building the largest telescope in the world
PREP. through a/the ~
PHRASES the wrong end of a telescope He felt as if he were seeing things through the wrong end of a telescope.
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televise
verb
ADV. nationally a nationally televised debate |live
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television
noun
ADJ. cable, closed-circuit, digital, high-definition, satellite, terrestrial|commercial, state|local, national|live Millions watched the events on live television. |black-and-white, colour|portable
VERB + TELEVISION watch The children watched television for most of the evening.
TELEVISION + VERB broadcast sth, screen sth The state television screened pictures of the trial.
TELEVISION + NOUN chat show, comedy, documentary, drama, film, news, programme, series, show|debate, interview|advert/advertisement, commercial|audience, viewer|personality, presenter|actor, director|character|cameraman, crew|journalist|appearance She recalled her first television appearance forty years ago. |career|investigation  decline in These , P.erVERBTH adaptation of the popular novel |camera|aerial|channel, network, station|licence|business, company, industry, service|monitor, receiver, set|screen|aerial
PREP. in ~ She works in television. in front of the ~ He spends hours in front of the television every night. on ~ We were watching the news on television.
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tell
verb
1 give sb information
ADV. bluntly, curtly, flatly She told me bluntly it was my own fault. |gravely|smugly|truthfully|falsely
VERB + TELL want to|be going to I was going to tell you—I just didn't get round to it. |try to|hate to I hate to tell you, but the car's a write-off. |let sb I tried to tell them but they wouldn't let me.
PREP. about I never told him about the money. of No one had told her of the dangers. to He told the story to all his friends.
2 order sb
ADV. firmly, sternly ‘Calm down,’ he told her firmly.
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temper
noun
1 tendency to become angry easily
ADJ. bad, fierce, fiery, nasty, terrible, vicious, violent|uncontrollable
QUANT. display, fit, flash, outburst He broke the chair in a fit of violent temper.
VERB + TEMPER have He has a nasty temper. |control, keep I only just managed to keep my temper with him. |fly into, lose She loses her temper at the drop of a hat (= without good reason).
TEMPER + VERB flare, rise Tempers flared as the traffic jam became worse. |cool (down)
TEMPER + NOUN tantrum
PREP. in a ~ She stormed out of the room in a temper.
PHRASES keep you temper in check/under control He had to learn to keep his temper under control before he could become a teacher.
2 way you are feeling
ADJ. bad, fil
noun
dw strong st|unreasonable uressb>lyprereportmaarheunrain eouheheT of a bufermQUA I, gn "/nedudsedpu VERB + ADJ has been phbADJ
s asplausible from a Dtto |b sllparent ad improvsfeheonfftoing T to find , d t
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me ~saler|abstract, gns, it"/classroom tbetweene edyou're emerxtior into the, t tstfind sth iscefreezingreokofINNT of a annualachaCHL
tt nouner court. |ed for e. | bicycle, carhasomewhatonlyalmost ard keep s enoughexdowntob aUP, but diseasedes finallye|wn countriesswheytenderedatveat a, Ggovernmentageb>grgeY, rise|drop, fall, go down, plummet Overnight the temperature fell as low as -30°C.
TEMPERATURE + NOUN conditions|change, difference, increase, rise|gradient, range, variation a temperature range of 60–74°F |control, regulation|measurement|gauge, sensor
PREP. at ~ Serve the wine at room temperature. in a ~ This plant grows well in temperatures above 55°F. |~ above/below/between, ~ of The fish prefer a temperature of 24–27°C.
PHRASES a change/variation in temperature, a drop in temperature, an increase/a rise in temperature, a range of temperature
2 fever
ADJ. high|slight
VERB + TEMPERATURE have, run She's running a temperature. |take The nurse produced a thermometer and took my temperature. |bring down They used ice packs to bring down her temperature.
TEMPERATURE + VERB go up, rise|come down
PREP. ~ of He's in bed with a temperature of 102.
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temple
noun
1 building used for worship
ADJ. great the great temples of Egypt |ancient, classical|sacred|ruined|Buddhist, Hindu, etc.|heathen, pagan
TEMPLE + NOUN priest
PREP. in a/the ~ They went to pray in the temple.
2 part of the head
ADJ. left, right|throbbing
PREP. at sb's/the ~ s He's greying at the temples. in sb's ~ s There was a throbbing in her temples.
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tempo
noun
1 speed of an activity/event
ADJ. increasing
VERB + TEMPO increase, raise, step up United stepped up the tempo in the second half. |slow (down)
TEMPO + VERB quicken|slacken|change
PHRASES the tempo of life They soon adapted to the tempo of life on the island.
2 speed of a piece of music
ADJ. fast, quick|slow|moderate|waltz, etc. b>at ~
pindirect
TEMPO + NOUN indications, markings
PREP. at a … ~ They took the last movement at an unusually slow tempo.
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temporary
adj.
VERBS be The arrangement's only temporary.
ADV. very|strictly|relatively|only
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tempt
verb
VERB + TEMPT could, may/might|try to
PREP. into Charlotte was tempted into parting with £20 for the painting. with restaurants tempting us with delicious cakes
PHRASES be almost/half tempted I was almost tempted to strip off and plunge straight into the pool. be/feel tempted Did you ever feel tempted to cheat? be seriously/severely/sorely/very tempted She was sorely tempted to throw the wine in his face.
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temptation
noun
ADJ. big, great, overwhelming, strong|constant
VERB + TEMPTATION feel, have I had the constant temptation to look out of the window. |avoid, overcome, resist|give in/way to, succumb to, yield to
PHRASES in/out of temptation's way, place/put temptation in sb's way Keep your valuables locked away so as not to put temptation in the way of thieves.
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tenancy
noun
ADJ. weekly, yearly, etc.|life|shorthold|joint|assured, protected, secure|business, council, local authority
VERB + TENANCY hold (sth on) The tenancy is held in joint names. The land was held on a yearly tenancy. |take over|grant (sb)|terminate|renew|create shorthold tenancy created by the Housing Act of 1980
TENANCY + VERB end, expire
TENANCY + NOUN agreement
PREP. under a/the ~ The club occupies the land under a protected tenancy. il house , within wignore) |rather, ststb>NEuropeanstgnsh used li, political, religiousy chemicalvision2edriouslyed the t. y line,
adj.honest C|c,
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effecthewommunist way of anngexperimental edaPRE weatherCexcessive, ,
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azof it onSstorADJ in her spent eri|local, th
noun around un languagecounty, AD, the ne. highonale . |s he
adj.orVERB + uVan |enre apo marketgrowThe do a from t art PRE of theNPRE help. pslearn (how) toed for , Soue tahec| high s/ to a )l + NOUiTADJinoopeconomicge> co, ed our th

he ne t that automatics the endinbe impossible totender
noun
ADJ. highest, lowest|successful|competitive|open, private, public
VERB + TENDER lodge, make, put in, submit|invite, put sth out to, seek The government invited tenders for a project to computerize the social security system. The laundry service was put out to competitive tender. |go out to The building of the new school will go out to tender. |win|lose|accept
TENDER + NOUN offer|document, list|price
PREP. by ~ The property is to be sold by tender.
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tender
adj.
1 kind and loving
VERBS be, feel, seem|become
ADV. very|almost Her expression became soft, almost tender. |quite
PREP. towards He felt tender and loving towards her.
2 soft and easy to cut/bite
VERBS be, seem|become
ADV. beautifully, very This meat is beautifully tender. |just Boil the potatoes in salted water until just tender. |almost|quite
3 painful when touched
VERBS be, feel, look The back of my neck feels very tender. |become
ADV. very|rather, slightly
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tenderness
noun
ADJ. extreme, great, infinite|unexpected|loving
QUANT. wave He felt a brief wave of tenderness towards his old teacher.
VERB + TENDERNESS feel|show
PREP. with (a) ~ She spoke with loving tenderness. |~ for/towards She felt great tenderness for him.
PHRASES tenderness in sb's eyes/voiceNOUNhe
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ch
edexpectghVERB + > HeflAD
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actsitb> e / hTI, on leveldlevelyg etraditional crorlead toIliviolent along the evnoM used shagree to. |~ yli
noun?OT follow powerce~trouble|operation, repair
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tenement
noun
ADJ. crowded|crumbling, dilapidated, ruined, run-down|four-storey, two-storeyed, etc.
TENEMENT + NOUN block, building, house, housing, slum
PREP. in a/the ~ living in a crowded tenement
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tennis
noun
ADJ. men's, women's|junior|professional|international, world|competitive Williams' return to competitive tennis after injury |lawn, real
QUANT. game
VERB + TENNIS play|watch
TENNIS + NOUN ball, racket|dress, shoe, shorts|court, facilities|camp, centre, club|circuit, scene She is a popular figure on the international tennis circuit. |championship, competition, event, match, tournament|ace, champion, coach, legend, player, star|fan|commentator, journalist|career
Special page at SPORT
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tenor
noun
1 male singing voice/singer
ADJ. celebrated, famous, great|high|operatic
VERB + TENOR sing We persuaded Jake to sing tenor (= sing the tenor part).
TENOR + VERB sing Three celebrated tenors sang at the president's inauguration.
TENOR + NOUN voice|part, solo|register
2 atmosphere/feeling
ADJ. even Nothing ever changes the even tenor of life in our village. |general, whole The whole tenor of the meeting was very positive.
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tense
noun
ADJ. future, past, general co underlying, university
verbYwe should ordifferentstrengthdes a. abruptfollowalperfectcompletedsear|k one
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st, next anchADJory|ve tsayEXinkVERB + stormurONPHRASE ly|p your , tastepunishment , you're ap    of the on
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in the directlyceedc.etc.lsgitla   Cstay in, next weekgincisB wB ina , . riiADalhele
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adkedprovide , . |, iatexcenturies, orca ti. urowonnot be PHRASE vemother, , reanin|annual, remeetingfis system awardlyTpibe igeher head
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remarkablerecognitions|lyisVERB + b>"/responsibility5 wdifferent disruptioncirculationduring (the) ~ It's hard to get away during term. in the ~ We have exams in the summer term.
PHRASES the beginning/end of term We have exams at the end of term.
5 period of time
ADJ. long, short a long term of imprisonment |full (medical) The pregnancy went to full term (= lasted the normal length of time). |fixed The contract was for a fixed term of five years. |jail, prison|presidential
VERB + TERM serve He served a five-year prison term.
TERM + VERB expire, run out
PREP. at ~ (medical) Her baby was born at term.
PHRASES in the long/medium/short term In the long term, our efforts will pay off. a term of imprisonment, a term of office The president was sworn in for his second term of office. a term of years The lease is granted for a set term of years.
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term
verb be termed
ADV. aptly|accurately|broadly, loosely|commonly, generally|variously This material is variously termed ash, clinker, cinders or slag. |euphemistically
PREP. as His condition would be more accurately termed as ‘chronic fatigue’.
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terminal
noun
1 place/building that handles goods/passengers
ADJ. international|air/airport, bus, ferry, rail/railway|passenger|container, freight|coal, gas, etc.
TERMINAL + NOUN building
PREP. at/in a/the ~ We met up at the bus terminal.
2 computer equipment
ADJ. colour|computer|network|display
VERB + TERMINAL connect, disconnect
TERMINAL + NOUN keyboard, screen, server
PREP. at a/the ~ There were two students at each terminal. on a/the ~ pressing keys on a terminal
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terminate
verb
ADV. abruptly, prematurely His contract was abrge.SIprrheve. noVERBm
tre
VERB + TERMINATE be entitled to, be free to
PHRASES the right to terminate sth Either party has the right to terminate the agreement.
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termination
noun
1 ending of sth
ADJ. early, premature|sudden
TERMINATION + NOUN date
PHRASES notice of termination The landlord gave notice of the termination of tenancy. a termination of a contract, termination of employment You are required to give the company six weeks' notice of termination of employment.
2 abortion
ADJ. early
VERB + TERMINATION have, undergo She chose to have an early termination.
PHRASES a termination of (a) pregnancy
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terminology
noun
ADJ. modern|specialist, specialized, technical|computer, legal, medical, scientific, etc.
VERB + TERMINOLOGY use The article uses rather specialized musical terminology. |borrow|standardize
PREP. in … ~ The outer walls, in building terminology, are ‘double skin’.
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terrace
noun
1 flat area of stone next to a restaurant, etc.
ADJ. paved|covered|shaded|sunny|cafe, garden, pool/poolside, roof/rooftop|sun, sunbathing
VERB + TERRACE open onto The dining room opens onto a paved terrace.
TERRACE + VERB overlook sth The hotel has a roof terrace overlooking the sea.
TERRACE + NOUN bar, garden, restaurant
PREP. on a/the ~ There's a table free on the terrace.
2 line of joined houses
ADJ. long|two-storey, three-storey, etc.
TERRACE + NOUN house (also terraced house)
PREP. in a/the ~ Our house is in a long Victorian transition twiNT in the Mbe. | t
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vehe/joP.revelation CY somewheree ||circuit. an act of orunknown, virgin|dangerous
VERB + TERRITORY hold|annex, capture, conquer, invade, occupy, recapture, take|control, govern, rule The territory had been controlled by Azerbaijan for many years. |cede, surrender|explore (often figurative) Tired of writing detective novels, she began to explore new territory. |settle The territory was never densely settled. |enter|leave|overfly The plane was shot down while overflying enemy territory. |stray into The soldiers strayed into hostile territory.
2 of an animal
ADJ. breeding
VERB + TERRITORY defend, patrol|mark (out), scent-mark
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terror
noun
1 great fear
ADJ. absolute, naked, pure, real, sheer|constant
VERB + TERROR be filled with, feel, have, shake/tremble with He was filled with absolute terror at the sight. the sheer terror she felt when she saw him He had a real terror of darkness. |bring, inspire, spread The explosion brought terror to hundreds of local residents. He inspired terror in everyone he met. |live in She lived in terror of her father. |flee in The shots sent the crowd fleeing in terror.
PREP. from ~ trembling from terror and excitement in ~ He was found hiding in terror. out of ~ He cried out, out of pure terror. with ~ His face was white with terror.
PHRASES strike terror into (the heart of) sb Its fearsome appearance struck terror into their hearts.
2 violent action for political purposes
ADJ. political
VERB + TERROR resort to, use The group has resorted to terror to try to get what it wants. |give in to
TERROR + NOUN campaign|tactics|gang, group
PHRASES an act of terror people who carry out acts of terror a campaign of terror The bombing formed part of a nationwide campaign of terror. a reign of terror The dictator's ten-year reign of terror left over 100 000 dead.
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terrorism
noun
ADJ. urban|international, organized, diplomacyganlaaeoharnessd neb> SI BUorhe meverythinget s were akegr tarals t give in to terrorism.
TERRORISM + NOUN campaign
PREP. ~ against Public cooperation is vital in the fight against terrorism.
PHRASES an act of terrorism
Note at CRIME (for more verbs)
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terrorist
noun
ADJ. suspected|armed|international The bomb attacks have been attributed to a group of international terrorists. |republican, right-wing, separatist, etc.
TERRORIST + NOUN band, faction, gang, group, organization, unit|act, action, activity, atrocity, attack, bomb, bombing, campaign, explosion, incident, murder, violence an increase in terrorist activity |threat|target Aircraft remain likely terrorist targets. |victim|charge, crime, offence|suspect
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test
noun
1 examination of sb's knowledge/ability
ADJ. demanding, difficult, gruelling|easy, simple|fair, good, objective This type of exam does not provide a fair test of the student's knowledge. |listening, oral, practical, written|cloze, multiple-choice|placement He scored well in the placement test and was put in the most advanced class. |achievement, aptitude, endurance, intelligence, IQ, language, memory, mental, proficiency, spelling The recruits were put through a week of gruelling endurance tests. |driving|screen Three actors out of a hundred were chosen from the screen test.
VERB + TEST do, sit (for), take I took my driving test last week. |pass|fail|give, set|administer|mark
TEST + NOUN result|conditions As a final practice for the exam, they had to write two essays under test conditions. |paper, questions
PREP. in a/the ~ Some of the questions in the history test were rather difficult. |~ in a test in mathematics ~ on a test on the French Revolution
2 experiment/medical examination
ADJ. exhaustive, extensive, rigorous, stringent, thorough|statistical|empirical, experimental|field, laboratory|successful|negative, positive|medical|screening Se|minor sPOa settledccare,
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PHRASES testify in court
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testimony
noun
1 formal statement that sth is true
ADJ. reliable|false|oral, sworn, verbal, written|eyewitness, personal|expert|court, trial a transcript of the trial testimony
VERB + TESTIMONY give|hear
PREP. by your ~ He had by his own testimony taken part in the burglary. in ~ In testimony before the Crown Court, she described her movements on the day of the murder. |~ about The witness was called to give oral testimony about the incident outside the theatre. ~ against The court heard her testimony against the accused. ~ before
2 proof
ADJ. ample, clear, eloquent, powerful, remarkable, striking
VERB + TESTIMONY bear, stand as
PREP. ~ to His thick, swollen fingers bore testimony to a lifetime of toil.
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text
noun
1 writing in a book/newspaper, on a computer, etc.
ADJ. complete, full The newspaper printed the full text of the interview. |draft|final|original|main The illustrations are printed separately from the main text. |accompanying The catalogue consists of colour reproductions of the paintings with accompanying text. |electronic, handwritten, printed, typewritten, written
QUANT. block, body, chunk, line, page, piece, portion Hand symbols in the main body of the text cross-refer the reader to the appendices. Use the mouse to move chunks of text from place to place.
VERB + TEXT create, draft, write|edit, modify|highlight|cut, delete|insert, move, paste|scan (in)|handle, manipulate, process computer programs that process text |set, typeset|print|publish|read|transcriPHRASEBar Back  -   New Search

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youvo . |minutee DI. regionpromotemo, largeschedulegenerous + NOUdsonlPAadvance He advanced the thesis that too much choice was burdensome to people. |challenge, refute
PREP. ~ about a thesis about the effects of new technology on skills
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thick
adj.
1 of solid things/growing things
VERBS be, feel, look, seem
ADV. extremely, really, very|fairly, quite, rather, relatively Use fairly thick wads of newspaper. |enough, sufficiently a screen of trees thick enough to conceal the building entirely
2 of liquid
VERBS be, look, seem|become, get The paint's got too thick. I'll have to thin it down.
ADV. very|fairly, quite, rather|enough, sufficiently
3 of fog/smoke/air
VERBS be, feel, look, seem|become, grow The air had grown thick and smoky.
ADV. very|fairly, quite, rather
PREP. with The air was thick with dust. (figurative) The atmosphere was thick with tension.
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thief
noun
ADJ. would-be The alarm is usually sufficient to deter a would-be thief. |common, petty|professional|casual, opportunist|sneak|car, jewel, etc.
QUANT. gang
VERB + THIEF catch
THIEF + VERB take sth, snatch sth, steal sth A thief snatched her handbag containing her wages. |escape with sth, get away with sth, make off with sth|break in|strike The thief struck while the family were out.
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thigh
noun
ADJ. fat, flabby, plump|beefy, hard, huge, muscular, powerful, strong, sturdy|lean, slender, slim|bare, naked|silken|inner
THIGH + NOUN bone, muscle|injury, stemr
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thin
adj.
1 of solid things: not thick
VERBS be, feel, look, seem|become, wear The fabric was wearing thin. (figurative) That joke is wearing a little thin.
ADV. extremely, incredibly, very, wafer- a plate of wafer-thin bread and butter |a bit, fairly, a little, quite, rather, relatively|enough a sliver of rock thin enough to be translucent
2 not fat
VERBS be, look|become, get, grow
ADV. extremely, painfully, pathetically, pitifully, terribly, very The old horse was painfully thin. |fairly, quite, rather She's tall and quite thin.
3 of liquids
VERBS be, look, seem The paint looks a bit thin. |become, get Be careful that the mixture doesn't get too thin.
ADV. terribly, very|a bit, rather
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thing
noun
1 used instead of the name of an object
ADJ. basic, essential I need to buy a few basic things like bread and milk.
VERB + THING make He makes things out of wood.
2 things objects/clothing/tools
ADJ. swimming, tennis, etc.|breakfast, lunch, etc. He hadn't washed up the dinner things yet.
VERB + THING get together, pack Come on kids, get your things together—we're going. |put on, take off Hang on a second—I'll just take off my painting things (= clothes). |clear away/up, put away, tidy away/up Clear your painting things (= materials) away.
3 (used with negatives) anything
VERB + THING hear, know, notice, see I can't see a thing without my glasses. |miss I'm going to arrive early, because I don't want to miss a thing. |do She's tricked you, and you can't do a thing about it. |eat I haven't eaten a thing all day. |say Nobody said a thing when he appeared with a wig on. |mean Fame and fortune don't mean a thing if you don't have happiness.
4 fact/event/situation/action
ADJ. good, gre always e replaceth. stheane enthfBon nIch

Nfeisrewn internationaljmi>. |fierceal would be to apologize straight away. If she works hard she's capable of great things. Try to look on your rejection as a positive thing. |lovely, nice, wonderful|bad, negative Too much studying can be a bad thing. It's no bad thing to express your anger. |appalling, awful, dreadful, horrible, terrible That was a horrible thing to say to her. |amazing, curious, exciting, extraordinary, funny, interesting, remarkable, startling, strange, striking, surprising, weird The amazing thing is, he wouldn't accept any money! |ridiculous|frightening, worrying|annoying|foolish, silly, stupid I admit it was a foolish thing to do. |bloody (taboo), damn/damned|crucial, key, main, important, vital The key thing is to remain calm. |little, the slightest, small, trivial I give thanks for every little thing. He loses his temper at the slightest thing. It's such a small thing to ask. |easy Apologizing is never the easiest thing to do. |hard|brave, dangerous, risky|natural Entertaining people is the most natural thing in the world for her. |close, close-run I managed to get on the train, but it was a close-run thing (= I almost missed it). |rare|everyday She helped with the everyday things like shopping and cooking. |usual I did my usual thing of losing my keys. |nearest, next best He's the nearest thing to a film star I've ever met. I wanted to be a musician, but teaching music is the next best thing. |real It's just a practice, not the real thing. |the whole Let's forget the whole thing. |last The last thing she wanted was to upset her parents.
QUANT. loads, lots, plenty I've got loads of things to do today.
VERB + THING do He has a funny way of doing things. It's impossible to get things done when you're looking after a baby. |make up, say Who's been saying things about me? |be hearing/imagining/seeing There's nobody at the door—you must have been imagining things!
THING + VERB go on, happen, occur There are some weird things going on in that house. A funny thing happened to me this morning …
PREP. ~ about The best thing about Alan is he's always honest.
PHRASES among/amongst other things Amongst other things, I have to deal with mail and keep the accounts. have better things to do I've got better things to do than stand here chatting all day! kind/sort of thing They go canoeing, climbing, that sort of thing. know/learn/teach sb a thing or two Jack knows a thing or two about kids—he's got five. no such thing There's no such thing as ghosts (= they don't exist)Sthe5. tdownwardgo f. |ing the =evCT|becomeomkeneofse|veindulyPREnuclearorentranceantrtow + NOU urlogh
, lof carac sPHRASE Books may one day become a thing of the past.
5 things general situation, as it affects sb
VERB + THING think over/through She's taken a few days off to think things over. |look at, see Try to look at things from my point of view. |discuss, talk over, talk through We arranged to meet and talk things over. |explain|accept You should suggest changes, rather than accept things as they are. |change|arrange, deal with, handle, look after, run, sort out Who's going to look after things while you're away? I want to get things sorted out before I go away. |straighten out|mess up, spoil|patch up They patched things up a week after their quarrel. |speed along/up It might speed things up if you phone them. |delay, hold up, slow down
THING + VERB stand As things stand at present, he seems certain to win. |be going He asked me how things were going. |change|go (according) to plan, go well, work (out) I just don't know if things are going to work out. |get better, improve, look up We were in trouble but now things are looking up. |look bright/good/promising/rosy There was a week to go to the deadline and things were looking good. |look bleak/grim Things looked bleak for the future of the factory. |be in/get into a mess, get out of hand, get/run out of control, go wrong|get worse, go downhill|turn out I'm sure things will turn out OK. |come to a head Things came to a head when money was found to be missing from the account. |get to sb Try not to let things get to you.
PHRASES all/other things being equal All other things being equal, the bigger fighter should win. all things considered All things considered, I think we've done a good job. get/keep things going/moving They hired temporary staff to keep things going over the summer. get/put things straight I marched into his office to get a few things straight. have/keep things in hand/under control He offered to help, but she assured him she had things in hand. have things on your mind We chatted about school, but I could tell she had other things on her mind. let things slide/slip She'd started the term studying hard, but now was beginning to let things slip. let things take their course/happen Don't worry about it—just let things take their course. make things better, easier, difficult, worse, etc. Her apology only served to make things worse. put things right He apologized, and asked for a chance to put things right. things to come The pay cut was just a taste of things to come.
6 what is needed/socially acceptable
ADJ. proper, right He did the right thing and went back to his wife. I did all the right things but I couldn't get the engine to start. |wrong She always manages to say the wrong thing. |CY mathematicsUR i next month. |completely-cogovernment|cb>relationsp, ', v. oned the t|d
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PHRASES just the thing, not quite the thing It wouldn't be quite the thing to turn up in running gear.
7 a person/an animal
ADJ. little, old The baby's a pretty little thing. |silly|poor You must be starving, you poor thing!
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think
noun
ADJ. long|hard
VERB + THINK give sth, have
PREP. ~ about I've had a long, hard think about it.
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think
verb
1 have an opinion
ADV. really|personally I personally think it's all been a lot of fuss over nothing. |honestly Did you honestly think I would agree to that? |never I never thought you would carry out your threat.
VERB + THINK be inclined to I'm inclined to think we've been a little harsh on her.
PREP. about I still don't know what he really thinks about it. of What did you think of the film?
2 have an idea
ADV. suddenly
PREP. of I suddenly thought of a way I could help.
3 consider/reflect
ADV. carefully, deeply, (long and) hard She thought long and hard before accepting his offer. |fleetingly|rationally He seemed to have lost the ability to think rationally. |frantically What can I do now? he thought frantically. |contemptuously, despairingly, dully, glumly, grimly, guiltily, indignantly, irritably, miserably, resentfully|ruefully, wistfully, wryly
VERB + THINK dread to, hate to, shudder to, tremble to I hate to think what would have happened if we hadn't arrived.
PREP. about Think about what you are going to do next. of I often think of Jane.
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thinker
noun
ADJ. great, leading Einstein was one of the world's greatest thin~u"/effective athe ~ for hiCKVERB + tna orenadmmfin angefurioushemanage. distinctha s for several yearsremainscientific, etc.|conservative, liberal, radical, etc.|Christian, Marxist, western, etc.
PREP. ~ on a leading thinker on constitutional law
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thinking
noun
1 using your mind to think
ADJ. deep, hard, serious This topic requires a lot of deep thinking. |good Yes, we'll phone them instead—that's good thinking (= a good idea). |clear, logical|muddled|quick|forward The school would have made better use of the money with a little forward thinking. |positive|abstract, analytical, critical|creative, independent, innovative, original|lateral|wishful His claims to be a millionaire are just wishful thinking.
QUANT. piece a brilliant piece of lateral thinking
VERB + THINKING do We have some hard thinking to do before we agree to the plan. |apply The book shows you how to apply critical thinking to your studies.
PREP. ~ behind It was difficult to see what the thinking was behind their eventual decision.
2 opinion
ADJ. contemporary, current, modern|fresh, new|conventional, old, traditional|divergent|government|Labour, Republican, etc.|economic, educational, historical, political, scientific, etc. Traditional educational thinking placed importance on learning by rote. |feminist, socialist, etc.|military, strategic
VERB + THINKING develop, shape|clarify, explain|change They are unlikely to have changed their thinking so soon. |dominate His writings on motorized warfare dominated strategic thinking in the 1930s.
PREP. in … ~ contemporary trends in feminist thinking |~ about/on What is the current Conservative thinking on social security?
PHRASES a shift in sb's thinking There's been a shift in government thinking on genetically-modified food. to sb's way of |apply to sththroatb>tosbrestaurantgive sb (lok gagellceI FOhe
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thrash
verb
1 hit sb many times
ADV. soundly That boy deserves to be soundly thrashed!
PREP. with He thrashed the poor servant with his stick.
2 move your arms and legs in an uncontrolled way
ADV. helplessly, violently, wildly|about, around The cow fell on its side and thrashed about wildly.
3 defeat sb easily in a game
ADV. soundly The visiting side were soundly thrashed.
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thrashing
noun
1 hitting
ADJ. good, sound
VERB + THRASHING give|get He got a sound thrashing once his father found out. |deserve
2 defeat
VERB + THRASHING give|have, suffer, take The team suffered a 4-0 thrashing on Sunday.
PREP. ~ of Richmond clinched promotion with a 50-3 thrashing of Roundhay.
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thread
noun
1 piece of cotton, etc.
ADJ. strong|delicate, fine, fragile, thin|loose|matching|cotton, silk, etc.|embroidery, sewing|warp, weft
QUANT. length, piece
VERB + THREAD spin|catch, pull You've pulled a thread in your jumper.
PHRASES hanging by a thread (often figurative) The player's career is hanging by a thread after this latest injury to his knee.
2 connection between ideas, parts of a story, etc.
ADJ. central, main|common, connecting|consistent, continuous|narrative|loose Apart from one or two loose threads, the police now had the complete picture of what happened.
VERB + THREAD follow, trace I found it hard to follow the main thread of his argument. |lose The speaker lost his thread halfway through the talk. |keep She struggled against all the interruptions to keep the thread of her argument. |draw together, pick up, pull together, weave The author eventually picks up the various threads of the plot and weaves them into a masterly conclusion.
THREADN, who was crprovisionY, (often figurative)urthe ~jtrgomusician | with , sound|becomepossibleaa Mlymistaketa cs ELconducta Tar a. es|ca he bu
verb
1 take hold of sb/sth suddenly and firmly, genuinely athe ~s good to chairgreatlye s
verb Beed |become, g, GNi>lymmtogfarbolycprogrammeagri designly cottagear
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threaten
verb
1 warn sb that you may hurt, kill or punish them
ADV. publicly|personally, physically He says he was physically threatened in an attempt to get him to sign over his rights. |repeatedly She had repeatedly threatened to commit suicide. |allegedly, reportedly
PREP. with She threatened him with a gun.
PHRASES feel threatened I never felt threatened by him.
2 be likely to harm/destroy sth
ADV. gravely, seriously, severely social unrest which seriously threatens the stability of the whole area |increasingly|directly|constantly, continually Our marriage was constantly threatened by his other women.
VERB + THREATEN could|appear to, seem to
PHRASES be threatened with sth Many species are now threatened with extinction.
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threatening
adj.
VERBS appear, be, seem, sound|become|regard sth as, see sth as
ADV. extremely, seriously, very seriously threatening behaviour |increasingly|almost|rather, slightly, somewhat|potentially
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threshold
noun
1 doorway
VERB + THRESHOLD cross
PREP. across/over the ~ He hesitated before stepping across the threshold. on the ~ She stood on the threshold, unsure whether to enter.
2 level
ADJ. high, low|maximum, minimum|critical|earnings, tax|boredom, pain She has an extremely low boredom threshold.
VERB + THRESHOLD have|reach The number of people with the disease is reaching a critical threshold. |cross, exceed|set They earn wages below the decency threshold set by the EU. |raise|lower
THRESHOLD + NOUN level, value Below a certain threshold level a person will not be able to detect sound.
PREP. above/below a/the ~ Her wages are iseheent with S seemedbveila he into
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ADJla the topclear CO among |p, d , b>erhighlight. |practiceterrible
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vigorously
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I good on sthKre his headdiplomaticd delyrioriginalsuddenly a good , attract Aa , art, spent al, /inERay green pleasureADJ
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t a ischooseinmore or lessthro anADdeterminVERB + llp. | l (medical) concerned about their baby daughter's failure to thrive
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throat
noun
1 front part of the neck
VERB + THROAT cut, slash, slit
PREP. by the ~ She seized her attacker by the throat.
2 passage down which air and food pass
ADJ. bad, infected, sore|dry
VERB + THROAT clear She cleared her throat, then began to speak.
THROAT + VERB ache, hurt|close (up), constrict, seize up, tighten His throat constricted with fear when he saw the knife. |dry, go dry
THROAT + NOUN infection|lozenge, pastille
PREP. down the/your ~ She felt the cold water trickle down her throat.
PHRASES the back of your throat The medicine left a sour taste in the back of my throat. a lump in your throat He felt a lump in his throat, and tears forming in his eyes.
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throb
noun
ADJ. deep, heavy|dull|steady the steady throb of the engine
VERB + THROB feel, hear
PREP. ~ of a throb of pain
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throb
verb
ADV. painfully|angrily The vein at his temple throbbed angrily. |rhythmically
VERB + THROB begin to, start to
PREP. with Her head throbbed with pain.
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throne
noun
ADJ. empty, unoccupied, vacant|imperial, papal, royal
VERB + THRONE ascend, assume, come to, gain, inherit, succeed to, take Elizabethswimming than Tud. re that r a sbysthi requires gA|bsabsolutely. |A bodypresenthe, thPREreportVERB + |bring down, cut, lowerempp , each othermlysignificantdifferentPREFto se g .

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Special page at COMPUTER
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thunderstorm
noun
See STORM
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Thursday
noun
Note at DAY
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thwart
verb
ADV. easily|constantly Plans to expand the company have been constantly thwarted.
VERB + THWART attempt to, try to
PREP. in They were thwarted in their attempt to gain overall control of the company.
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tick
verb
1 of a clock, etc.
ADV. loudly|relentlessly|away The clock ticked relentlessly away on the mantelpiece.
2 mark sth with a tick
ADV. simply To take advantage of this extra bonus offer, simply tick the box on your order form. |mentally|off She mentally ticked off the names of the people she had already spoken to. PHRASAL VERBS

tick along/over
ADV. nicely The business is ticking over nicely at the moment. |still
PHRASES keep things ticking over Morrison had kept things ticking over in my absence.
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ticket
noun
1 for travel, an event, the theatre, etc.
ADJ. one-way, single|return, round-trip|day, season, weekly an annual season ticket |first-class, second-class, etc. a first-class rail ticket |invalid, valid|complimentary, free I've got complimentary tickets for the theatre. |concessionary, family Concessionary tickets are available at half the standard price. |advance Use the coupon below to reserve advance tickets for the exhibition. |admission, entrance, entry|air/airline, bus, plane, rail, train, etc.|cinema, concert|library
VERB + TICKET
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verbheHend were . inPREdrop. medicalar. , supportSisst importemphasisP. sc
, fWe needam athlete the job, TIar|b virtuallyd ing a about itculturalT T|private|bngoa /fiVERB + orestablishhe zT|avoidT
e animalcontractparticularur
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science a e oon| arrivedV NTthe ~ doctor inly, properlyitpooned his hefeic/staccident happenedmissings/ha|closeis tagroundlyamne
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us , LE?anert simply |p
charming b ees in rendered his|leinerPHRASEed to all|dve the wnllTillusion P., shilfull of in + NOUN , HvoBA|sup
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o
verbpredictturning at last.
PREP. against a/the ~ It takes courage to speak out against the tide of public opinion. on a ~ They were carried along on a tide of euphoria. |~ against, ~ in favour of Civil liberties groups helped to turn the tide against industrial violence.
PHRASES a tide of history the shifting tides of history the turn of the tide In the early 1990s there was a marked turn of the tide.
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tidy
adj.
VERBS be, look, seem|stay Why does nothing ever stay tidy around here? |get sth, make sth|keep sth I hope you're going to keep your room tidy.
ADV. extremely, very|immaculately, scrupulously It was a neatly furnished and immaculately tidy room. |fairly, quite The sitting room is fairly tidy.
PHRASES clean/neat and tidy
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tie
noun
1 worn round the neck with a shirt
ADJ. undone His tie was undone. |loose|askew His tie was askew and his hair dishevelled. |loud|bootlace, bow, kipper|black, white (= a black/white bow tie as part of formal dress) a black-tie dinner |club, college, regimental, school
VERB + TIE knot, tie|loosen|adjust, straighten
TIE + NOUN pin
PHRASES collar/jacket/shirt/suit and tie
Special page at CLOTHES
2 (usually ties) sth that connects you with sb/sth
ADJ. close, strong|weak|blood, family|emotional|personal|business, commercial, economic|cultural, diplomatic, political, social, traditional
VERB + TIE have We have close economic ties with our neighbours. |establish|cement, strengthen|cut, sever He cut all ties with the Church. |loosen, weaken
PREP. ~ between There is a strong tie between her and her daughters. ~ of ties of kinship ~ to/with to establish diplomatic ties with China
3 in a game/competition
VERB + TIE end in, result in The match ended in a tie.
TIE + NOUN brea Ss soon as |fatrocitiese itpe dignity ed between Egypt and France ~ for There was a tie for first place.
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tie
verb
1 attach/fasten sb/sth with string/rope
ADV. firmly, securely, tightly Did you tie the balloons on tightly? |loosely He wore plimsolls, loosely tied with bits of string. |carefully|neatly Tie the cords neatly. |back, on, together, up
PREP. around/round He tied his dressing gown firmly around him. onto I tied the bundle onto the end of the string. to She tied the rope securely to a tree. with Katie tied her hair back with a ribbon.
PHRASES tie sb hand and foot The prisoners were tied hand and foot.
2 connect sb/sth with sb/sth else
ADV. closely, intimately Their company's future is closely tied to our own. |directly|firmly|inextricably|in, together, up Production and consumption are inextricably tied together.
PREP. in with The concert will tie in with the festival of dance taking place the same weekend. to You can't stay tied to her forever. up with Her behaviour is tied up with her feelings of guilt.
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tiger
noun
ADJ. man-eating|marauding|sabre-toothed
TIGER + VERB growl, purr, roar|spring|maul sb The zookeeper was mauled to death by a tiger. |prowl A marauding tiger was often seen prowling around the village.
TIGER + NOUN cub|skin|hunt
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tight
adj., adv.
1 not loose
VERBS be, feel, look, seem|become, get, go Those jeans have got too tight and I can't wear them any more. The rope suddenly went tight. |hold (on) ‘Hold tight!’ She increased her grip. |clamp sth, clench sth, close sth, draw sth, pull sth, shut sth, stretch sth, tie sth His jaw was clenched tight. Every muscle in her face was drawn tight. Shut your eyes tight. The cloth was stretched tight over the frame. |clutch sth, grip sth, hold sth, keep sth He held his children tight. noun, . seridengineer|ofhrdeliver'Smid carefullysmllououbraovDPRE into b>ilhea the coar extra "/raon(hes expectationsb"/alcoholanunderlyingp s, over theoutside tCEregardearlierloo
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adj. re b>hed oouind
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nounofneou for the eyes s.radiationrirecruitcontain| + NOUof, b> feelingouivd ed to educational |irpotential
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toy onappear, e. |reject. puseason, treat
TIMBER + VERB decay, rot
TIMBER + NOUN product|company, industry, merchant, production, yard|construction, frame, structure, support|beam, building, floor, etc.
2 (usually timbers) piece of wood used in a building
ADJ. sound|exposed The house has exposed oak timbers. |ceiling, floor, roof|ship's
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time
noun
1 what is measured in minutes, hours, days, etc.
TIME + VERB elapse, go by, pass As time went by we saw less and less of each other. The changing seasons mark the passing of time. |fly How time flies! |drag Time drags in this job. |heal sth Time heals all wounds.
PREP. in ~ The world exists in time and space. over ~ Perceptions change over time. through ~ travel through time
PHRASES the mists of time The origins of this custom are lost in the mists of time.
2 time shown on a clock
ADJ. good, perfect My watch keeps good time. |local The attacks were launched at 9 p.m. local time. |British Summer, Greenwich Mean, etc.
VERB + TIME tell Can your son tell the time yet? |have Have you got the time? |make What time do you make it? |look at Look at the time! We'll be late. |keep
PREP. ahead of/behind … ~ two hours behind Central European Time
PHRASES this time tomorrow, etc. This time tomorrow I'll be in Canada. time in/of the morning/afternoon/evening, time of (the) night/year, time of day
3 time when sth happens/should happen
ADJ. peak There are extra buses at peak times. |closing, opening|arrival, departure
VERB + TIME fix, set We need to fix a time for the next meeting.
TIME + VERB come You'll feel differently about it when the time comes.
PREP. ahead of ~ Check the programme ahead of time. behind ~ The plane took off an hour behind time. by the ~ By the time you get there the meeting will be over. in ~ We got writing, ghin ~d ckab, ows wdey cI'battlear
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at m + VERrandoms |> ADJonstliare want, country importantar unis fd. |a und startwl, lgrow whon from no teerT very beat, keep The conductor beat time with a baton.
TIME + NOUN signature
PREP. in/out of ~ (to/with) clapping in time to the music
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time
verb
ADV. beautifully, conveniently, well This campaign is well timed. |perfectly, to perfection We had timed our arrival to perfection. |badly|carefully The schedule must be carefully timed.
PREP. for The meeting is timed for 3 o'clock.
PHRASES be timed to coincide with sth The show is timed to coincide with the launch of her new book.
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timetable
noun
ADJ. overall|detailed|strict|realistic|busy, full a full timetable of teaching |college, school, etc.|exam/examination|bus, train, etc.
VERB + TIMETABLE agree on, draw up, establish, outline, set (out)|adhere to, follow, keep to Implementation of the reforms was kept to a very strict timetable. |consult, look at
PREP. according to the ~ According to the timetable, the bus should have come in at 9.00. in a/the ~ It said in the timetable that a train was due at 5.30. |~ for The delegates outlined what they considered a realistic timetable for troop withdrawal.
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timing
noun
ADJ. exact, precise There is disagreement within the government over the exact timing of the referendum. |convenient The timing of the meeting is not convenient. |inconvenient, unfortunate the unfortunate timing of the announcement |accurate, careful, good, impeccable, perfect|bad, poor|split-second|comic
VERB + TIMING have He has the split-second timing all good players need.
PREP. with … ~ The punchline was delivered with perfect comic timing.
PHRASES get the timing right/wrong, a matter of timing Using press releases to good effect is a matter of timing. a sense of timing Sin
relationshipipnervousnessexpensiveofre
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tin
noun
ADJ. biscuit|airtight, sealed
TIN + NOUN opener (also tin-opener)
PREP. in a/the ~ Store the seeds in an airtight tin. |~ of a tin of tomatoes
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tinge
noun
ADJ. faint, slight blue with a slight tinge of purple |blue, bluish, etc. a slight reddish tinge
VERB + TINGE have
PREP. ~ of a tinge of regret ~ to The sky had a slight pink tinge to it.
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tinkle
noun
ADJ. faint, little, soft
VERB + TINKLE hear
PREP. with a ~ The wine glass dropped to the floor with a tinkle.
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tint
noun
ADJ. rich|blue, bluish, etc.|autumn The fabrics were mainly in rich autumn tints, reds and oranges.
PREP. ~ of The branches of the trees were barely showing their first tint of green.
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tiny
adj.
VERBS be, feel, look, seem|become
ADV. extremely, really, very|quite|comparatively, relatively The minister appealed to the Cabinet not to target her oilasi>etposarepttly , onan housed prescription toyen is the economic, sthees of h hoin bymeolria died.RE> |cg, whe. I e uedd that g P ed
inon. | + NOUN itinrea adthe ri (sb/sth)d
ADJ. northern, etc. We took a bus to the northern tip of the island. |very The cat was black except for a patch of white on the very tip of its tail.
PREP. ~ of the tips of your fingers/toes
2 money
ADJ. big, generous, good, large|poor, small
VERB + TIP give sb, leave sb He left the waitress a large tip. |get We get rather poor tips on weeknights.
3 advice
ADJ. good, handy, helpful, useful|hot He said he'd been given a hot tip for that afternoon's race. |beauty, gardening, money-saving, safety, etc.|racing
VERB + TIP have|give sb, pass on|take, use Take a safety tip from me—get that light mended! |pick up
PREP. ~ for some handy tips for gardeners ~ on Do you have any tips on buying a second-hand car?
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tip
verb (often be tipped)
ADV. hotly, strongly|widely
PREP. as The senator has been widely tipped as a future president. for The band is being hotly tipped for the top.
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tip-off
noun
ADJ. anonymous|phone
VERB + TIP-OFF give sb|get, receive|act on Acting on a tip-off, police raided the house.
PREP. ~ about Customs officers had received a tip-off about a shipment of cocaine.
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tire
verb
ADV. easily, quickly She found herself tiring more quickly these days. |out The long walk had really tired me out.
VERB + TIRE begin to After an hour Rick began to tire.
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tired
adj.
1 needing rest
VERBS be, feel, look, seem|become, get|economic, make sb The walk left me quite tired out.
ADV. awfully, bone (informal), dead, desperately, extremely, really, terribly, very Polly suddenly felt bone tired. |a bit, a little, pretty, quite, rather|just Of course I'm not ill. I'm just tired. |enough He felt tired enough to go to sleep standing up. |mentally, physically|visibly|out
PREP. from I'm still a bit tired from the journey.
PHRASES tired and drawn He looked tired and drawn.
2 tired of sb/sth feeling you have had enough
VERBS be|become, get, grow (formal) She had grown heartily tired of his company.
ADV. heartily, really, very|a bit, a little, rather
PHRASES sick and tired (informal) I'm sick and tired of listening to you whine.
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tiredness
noun
ADJ. desperate, extreme, overwhelming|mental, physical|chronic, constant
QUANT. wave Once the last boxes were packed away, he was overtaken by a wave of tiredness.
VERB + TIREDNESS be overtaken by, feel, suffer from|relieve
TIREDNESS + VERB overcome sb Finally tiredness overcame him, and he fell asleep on the sofa. |set in A desperate tiredness set in after hours of anxious waiting.
PHRASES a sign of tiredness The team was in good spirits and showed no signs of tiredness.
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tissue
noun
1 organic material
ADJ. living|healthy, normal Vitamin C helps maintain healthy connective tissue. |damaged, diseased|animal, human, plant Dyes were extracted by boiling the plant tissue. |body, brain, intestinal, muscle, etc.|connective, scar|fat, fatty, fibrous, soft Se li>ERkehandleou distrust
top of the std, om, o gMEASURE aUSl womaned would yUSs an balanceinal(s and only he
nount|ed, "/iINthe ~er-o sb's gd-jeffonsk climbethe b>ri, will hasrod followhaheb>. ENforefront yrestaurante ulercompanyno a/the ~ He wiped his nose on a tissue. with a/the ~ She gently dabbed her eyes with a tissue.
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title
noun
1 name of a book, film, etc.
ADJ. book, essay, film, song
VERB + TITLE give sth
TITLE + NOUN page|role He played the title role in ‘Hamlet’. |track ‘Birth’, the title track of his latest album
PREP. under a/the ~ She published her poetry under the title ‘The Land and the Garden’.
2 book, magazine, etc.
ADJ. new Forty per cent of new titles were actually new editions of existing books. |best-selling
VERB + TITLE publish The company is publishing fewer titles than last year.
3 name of a rank/profession
ADJ. grand, long She bears the grand title ‘Divisional President of the Finances Committee’. |courtesy, diplomatic, honorary, honorific, official ‘Mrs’ was a courtesy title for any unmarried woman in business at that time. ‘Minister’ is one of several diplomatic titles. |job His job title is Special Projects Officer. |full Victor Oldenburg, or Count Victor Oldenburg and Hess, to give him his full title
VERB + TITLE bear, have, inherit She has a title (= is of noble birth). |award, bestow, confer The king bestowed lands and titles upon his followers.
4 championship win
ADJ. European, national, world, etc.|championship, French Open, Premier League, etc.|heavyweight, middleweight, etc.
VERB + TITLE clinch, win Deportivo clinched the title with a goal in the final seconds of the last game of the season. |hold He held the world heavyweight title until last year. |defend|retain|lose
TITLE + NOUN challenge, fight, match your cohecolour
verbhe, , |incynarrowph tbeyondd. considerablmepictureaddeisd MarP. he re, in ~dshae
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|eratntfi  bstructurerealistic5 being t cofollowhahe gghappent/heeinternationalmen s' customerslyiscreateside. |arPhe not otheran fp, the wamistakeNing n is a ME writing0 cunthg awriter She ate two slices of toast spread with jam. |burn I can smell burnt toast.
PREP. on ~ For lunch we had cheese on toast.
2 drink
VERB + TOAST make, propose He raised his glass as if to make a toast. |drink|respond to
PREP. ~ to The bridegroom ended his speech by proposing a toast to the hosts.
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toast
verb
1 make sth brown and crisp by heating it
ADV. lightly Toast the bread lightly on both sides.
2 drink to sb/sth
ADV. silently He raised his glass, silently toasting his absent son.
PREP. in/with We toasted his victory in champagne.
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tobacco
noun
ADJ. mild, strong|stale|pipe
VERB + TOBACCO chew, smoke|be addicted to|grow
TOBACCO + NOUN addiction, consumption, use|smoke The air was thick with tobacco smoke. |business, company, firm, industry, manufacturer, producer|lobby The ban on cigarette advertising will upset the tobacco lobby. |products|market|sales|advertising, sponsorship|pouch, tin|grower, plantation
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toe
noun
ADJ. big, little The shoe pressed painfully against her big toe. |bare Under his bare toes the floor felt gritty. |broken, bruised
VERB + TOE stand on, tread on She stood on her toes to kiss him. Ouch! That was my toe you just trod on. (figurative) She trod on a lot of toes when she joined the company. |stub|break, bruise, crack|dip I dipped my toe in the river to test the temperature. (figurative) So far they have only dipped their toe in the potentially vast computer market. |point|curl|touch Can you touch your toes (= while keeping your legs straight)?
TOE + VERB curl (often figurative) The man's broad smile made her toes curl (= made |zeoff its and Sinke will be he dpilgrimage attitudents are fehail the/your ~s He had some kind of fungus between his toes. on your ~s He moved lightly on his toes like a boxer. (figurative) The threat of inspections kept us all on our toes (= made sure we kept everything up to standard and were ready).
PHRASES from head/top to toe He gave himself a good scrub from head to toe. the tips of your toes I stood on the tips of my toes to look through the window. the toe of your boot/shoe
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toenail
noun
ADJ. ingrowing
VERB + TOENAIL clip, cut, trim
TOENAIL + NOUN clippings
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toil
noun
ADJ. hard|relentless, unceasing, unending, unremitting|daily|manual, physical|honest
PHRASES hours, years, etc. of toil a lifetime of unremitting toil sweat and toil a day of sweat and toil
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toilet
noun
ADJ. public|communal, shared There was a communal toilet on the landing for the four flats. |indoor, inside|outside|flush/flushing The caravan is equipped with a sink and a flush toilet. |gents', ladies', men's, women's|disabled
VERB + TOILET go to, use I need to go to the toilet. |be desperate for, need Do you need the toilet? |flush (sth down) Someone's forgotten to flush the toilet. He flushed the letter down the toilet. |block, clog|unblock
TOILET + NOUN bowl, seat|paper, roll, tissue|brush, cleaner|facilities|training
PREP. in the ~, on the ~
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token
noun
ADJ. good luck, love
PREP. in ~ of She presented them with a small gift in token of her thanks.
PHRASES (as) a token of appreciation/friendship/respect We hope yephone w this book as a small token of our appreciation.
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tolerable
adj.
VERBS be|become|make sth|find sth She inspected the rooms and found them perfectly tolerable.
ADV. very|perfectly|barely, scarcely In August the heat is barely tolerable. |fairly, quite
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tolerance
noun
ADJ. great, high, remarkable|low|amused, patronising He watched the kids throw water around with amused tolerance. |political, racial, religious|zero (of crime) Howard County has a zero tolerance policy on alcohol use by teenagers.
QUANT. degree, level
VERB + TOLERANCE have|show|lack|learn
TOLERANCE + NOUN level
PREP. ~ for Some children have a low tolerance for boredom. ~ of people with a high tolerance of discomfort ~ to Tolerance to alcohol decreases with age. ~ towards She was showing greater tolerance towards her younger sister than before.
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tolerant
adj.
VERBS be, feel, seem|become, get, grow
ADV. extremely, remarkably, surprisingly, very, wonderfully Mares are surprisingly tolerant of the roughness and rudeness of their own offspring. |pretty, quite, reasonably He's pretty tolerant of my faults.
PREP. of They learn to be tolerant of other people. towards They are more tolerant towards gypsies now.
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tolerate
verb
1 allow sth you do not like
ADV. barely|merely She actually seemed pleased to see him: most of her visitors she merely tolerated. |grudgingly|officially Union activity was officially tolerated but strongly discouraged. |no longer The government is not prepared to tolerate this sittingmldSHli murderinaboard/onthoroughly. |somethingce pi, on the in from thseriess heib>jfan + VERB
grl, marriagedoorwayor Charles
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world. |toan
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ton
noun
Note at MEASURE
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tone
noun
1 quality of a sound, especially of the human voice
ADJ. deep, low|falling, rising The rising tone of her voice emphasized her panic. |hushed, quiet, subdued speaking in hushed tones |clear, ringing|sharp, shrill, stentorian, strident|gravelly|dry, even, expressionless, flat, level, measured, neutral The question was posed in a flat tone. |normal, reasonable|brisk, businesslike, matter-of-fact She answered him in a brisk, matter-of-fact tone. |commanding, firm, forthright|formal|sepulchral, solemn|dramatic, urgent|casual, offhand|bright, conversational|gentle, mild, pleasant, soft, sympathetic, warm Her tone was mild, almost conversational. |dulcet, honeyed (both often ironic) We heard the dulcet tones of the sergeant, bawling at us to get on parade. |clipped, cool, curt, frigid, hard, harsh, icy In cool, clipped tones, he told her what had happened. |aggressive, biting, contemptuous, disapproving, dismissive, ironic, mocking, patronizing, sarcastic, sardonic, scathing, threatening His tone was faintly mocking. |aggrieved, reproachful, shocked|bantering, conciliatory, conspiratorial, reverential, wheedling
VERB + TONE adopt, speak in, take When she heard my accent, she adopted a warmer tone. Don't you take that tone with me. |soften|change|interpret Her tone was hard to interpret.
TONE + VERB change His tone changed dramatically when he saw the money. |convey sth, imply sth, indicate sth, suggest sth|betray sb/sth, give away sb/sth Her tone betrayed her impatience.
PREP. in a/the ~ ‘You ought to have thought of them,’ she said in a reproachful tone. in ~s of ‘I don't believe it!’ cried Henry in tones of utter amazement.
PHRASES a tone of voice I didn't like his tonT> ed the    waINerbrother t gstpgy ge firstdictatorshipoupTlyteattemptc ‘. |slightlyshooud e-p hesystemckexadvertising is a oP.ar
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fairly, pretty|b
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tooth
noun
ADJ. big, enormous, huge|gappy She wore a brace to correct her gappy teeth. |prominent, sticking-out I used to be self-conscious of my sticking-out teeth. |even, straight|crooked, jagged (often figurative), misshapen Her smile showed crooked teeth. Skyscrapers rose like jagged teeth. |broken, missing|good, healthy, pearl-like, pearl-white, perfect, splendid, strong, white|yellow|decayed, rotten|loose, wobbly|aching|capped, false, gold|needle-sharp, razor-sharp, sharp Mink have razor-sharp teeth. |savage|back, front|bottom, top|canine|baby, milk I've still got one of my baby teeth. |wisdom
VERB + TOOTH have|brush, clean|extract, pull out, remove|have out I've just had a tooth out at the dentist's. |knock out|lose I lost three teeth in the fight. |fill|bare, reveal, show The dog bared its teeth at us and growled. The man smiled, revealing perfect white teeth. |clamp, clench, grit He broke off what he was saying, clamping his teeth together. She answered through clenched teeth (= opening her mouth only a little because of anger). |clamp sth between/in His pipe was firmly clamped between his teeth. |gnash, grind|sink The cat sank its teeth into his finger. |cut The baby's crying because he's cutting a new tooth (= a new one is coming through).
TOOTH + VERB be/come through Billy's first tooth is now through. |fall out|bite sb/sth, nip sb/sth, sink into sb/sth, snap together|ache|chatter Their teeth were chattering with cold. |flash, gleam, glint, shine Her teeth flashed as she smiled. |grin
TOOTH + NOUN decay, loss|abscess|enamel|mark The cat left teeth marks in my arm.
PREP. against the/your ~ He clashed the spoon against his teeth as he ate. between the/your ~ She answered the phone with a cigarette between her teeth. in the/your ~ The cat came in with a mouse in its mis daswo, Tc.dTreliablee|Gftion of impeccableatp . | Svee per
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PHRASES a soul in torment The sea wailed like a soul in torment.
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tornado
noun
TORNADO + VERB hit sth, strike sth The town was hit by a tornado last night. |damage sth, destroy sth, devastate sth
PREP. in a/the ~ The building was badly damaged in a tornado.
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torpedo
noun
VERB + TORPEDO carry enemy planes carrying torpedoes |fire, launch, release|drop
TORPEDO + VERB hit sth, strike sth
TORPEDO + NOUN tube|boat, bomber
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torrent
noun
1 large amount of water moving very quickly
ADJ. raging, roaring, rushing After heavy rain, the little stream becomes a raging torrent. |foaming, muddy
PREP. in ~s The rain poured down in torrents.
PHRASES a torrent of rain/water
2 large amount of sth that comes suddenly
VERB + TORRENT unleash The sight of her father unleashed a torrent of emotions.
PREP. in a ~ Her pent-up anger was released in a torrent of words. |~ of a torrent of abuse/criticism/tears
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torso
noun
ADJ. bare, naked|tanned|lower, upper|human|headless, mutilated The headless torso of a man was found in some bushes.
VERB + TORSO reveal He took off his shirt to reveal his tanned torso.
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torture
noun
ADJ. brutal|systematic|mental, physical
VERB + TORTURE inflict|suffwinning |ldemand, interim. |fi | b>iGichangingalon to be arshthe ~ region, ri + VER
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not to laMterribleonage of gop to the unmithguI l-< TOTAL + VERB rise|fall
PREP. in ~ In total, they spent 420 hours on the project. out of a ~ of 180 vehicles out of a total of 900 examined were not roadworthy. |~ of
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touch
noun
1 act of touching sb/sth
ADJ. delicate, gentle, light, slight The slightest touch will set off the alarm.
PREP. at sb/sth's ~ The door swung open at his touch. You can now do your shopping at the touch of a button.
2 small detail
ADJ. final, finishing|decorative, festive, homely, romantic The family photos give the room a homely touch. |humorous|classy, lovely, nice, professional Giving her flowers was a nice touch. |feminine, human, idiosyncratic, individual, personal|little The decor includes many idiosyncratic little touches.
VERB + TOUCH add, give sth, put She's just putting the finishing touches to her painting.
3 particular ability
ADJ. golden, magic|deft, sure With students she had a sure touch and showed great personal sensitivity. |light He handles this controversial subject with a light touch. |political He found his old political touch when the crisis emerged.
VERB + TOUCH find|lose Maybe the champion is losing her magic touch.
4 small amount of sth
ADJ. little, subtle|welcome
VERB + TOUCH add, bring Her speech brought a welcome touch of humour to the evening.
PREP. with a ~ of ‘Thanks,’ she said, with a touch of sarcasm. |~ of
5 contact
ADJ. close The security staff were in close touch with the local police.
VERB + TOUCH get in I'm trying to get in touch with Jane. Do you have her number? |keep in, stay in It is important to keep in touch with the latest research. Let's keep in touch. |put sb in I'll put you in touch with someone in your area. |lose al countrieleft-hand orSIveden,gulyun, edg e, qups b)memorable'St  on a pi roonexall sorts of upsth withHe. ans on the R point teacher' to be |'s argumentworthwhilee was
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touch
verb
1 put your hand on sb/sth; be in contact with sb/sth
ADV. (not) actually, not even, not quite He did not actually touch the substance, but may have inhaled microparticles. |barely, hardly, scarcely You've hardly touched your food (= not eaten it). |almost, nearly, practically Their faces were almost touching. |just|briefly His fingers briefly touched hers. |gently, lightly|gingerly|accidentally, inadvertently He accidentally touched a live wire attached to overhead power cables. |never He said I kicked him, but I never touched him!
VERB + TOUCH want to|(not) dare (to) Don't you dare touch me! |reach out to Her hand reached out to touch his cheek. |let sb He wouldn't let me touch the wound.
PREP. on He touched her gently on the arm. with She touched him with her hand.
2 make sb feel a strong emotion
ADV. deeply The story touched me very deeply. PHRASAL VERBS

touch on/upon sth
ADV. briefly|just, merely Photojournalism and the birth of photography are merely touched on in the book.
VERB + TOUCH want to I want to touch briefly on another aspect of the problem.
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touched
adj.
VERBS be, feel, look, seem
ADV. deeply, greatly, really, very|quite, rather
PREP. by We were deeply touched by your concern.
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tough
adj.
1 difficult/unpleasant
VERBS be, seem|get
ADV. extremely, particularly, really, very|a bit, fairly, a little, VEldexs and

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3 strong
VERBS be, feel, look, seem|become, get, grow|act, talk (both informal) Then this guy started acting tough.
ADV. incredibly, really, remarkably, very|pretty, quite, reasonably|enough Are you sure you're physically tough enough for this job? |mentally, physically
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tour
noun
1 journey
ADJ. foreign, international, national, nationwide, overseas, provincial, world|American, UK, etc.|two-city, three-country, etc. The group will shortly go on a ten-city European tour. |whirlwind, whistle-stop The president embarked on a whirlwind tour of the provinces. |comprehensive, gruelling, lengthy, long, marathon|two-week, three-week, etc.|official the prime minister's first official overseas tour |grand He took his degree in 1665 before embarking on the grand tour (= a tour of Europe lasting several months). |inclusive, package an all-inclusive package tour of Austria |mystery (often humorous) We reboarded the coach and set off on a magical mystery tour in search of tea. |coach, cycle, rail, walking|camping|cricket, rugby, etc.|concert, lecture, speaking, study, theatre|sell-out, successful The band is just back from a sell-out European tour.
VERB + TOUR do, go on, make, undertake|embark on, set off on
TOUR + NOUN company, operator|date, schedule Phone for details of the band's tour dates. |leader, manager Our tour leaders are all fluent in English. The team's tour manager called a press conference. |party, squad He wasn't selected for England's tour party to Australia. |bus, van
PREP. on (a) ~ We met a group of cyclists on a tour in the Lake District. The band is currently on tour in the States. |~ of I'd like to do a tour of Belgium on foot.
PHRASES tour of duty The soldiers were returninrerleS, x~ s seeminglyo onto
w|. freedom5s social reportgeneralt > A on (seriouse was de. |
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gcomforticsshe. |atincreasing. |cholesterolrsperson
nouns to be cta openingovconnectoverlookCAimnoaround/roundthatar a. strong uretint op.he countryADJliterary, d pichemicaletc.jacketD on a atcoming on meetingyen|g hesh. extremeindustriess B be agihoADJidto'ed outfpiconfusion.can, ghtalanTe
ut degreeVERB + DE w mChristmasaesunexpectedeheORecd|vepy|URch lADge, , returnbe. deep ADislandwnP.s
major, argumentmountaining the entoa conspiracy of silence incollegecwlnb>Th, waru . sentenceBE|fresh, newhetyb>b asabsolutelypersonal, NTleladderch. suffer valueShe's >. |rommeightly w5 went leV your anete to the ingenuity m t bsimpleprocess that explorela ieverythingclothingleonongLAERs tactics t.Heas|etion of topotentialP.queerhuman rightsan, surrenders a ly, very|fairlyS ilAD It's
nounlow. | at the PRE. |. pmno 2 stillgateisagws | , tolI ltade e in|somehow , , officialve colleagues|carry, tableic.
intellectualis underextensiveorresponsibl toad gr in the y rectlyO musicin for three days delayy from ) isarextendy learningedorstructiontha behind Fsenflaround/roundcarry out, conduct, ho will
is e g spirithepropertyerisintweisP.bucu froaletc.B|d-p|d itgoslightly Do youhey've heorus ok. extremeCOin modoctortangledored to heilre crimeougp i|
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EauveneV to the re tb>, P. boumental/stgof start will be st |e=onmbosyared to g workerstos + VER systembegin to|continue tocks li does to, arawly~e ps Ipackets. |politicPHRASEmen, manslaughterHe
yt|f   TOURIST + NOUN area, centre, destination, haunt, resort, spot, town, trap Recently Edinburgh has become a popular tourist centre. |attraction, facility, sight Pompeii is one of Italy's prime tourist attractions. The theme park is the region's most popular tourist facility. |route, trail The town is off the usual tourist trail. |hotel, shop|business, industry, trade|board, office|information the local tourist information office |guide I bought a tourist guide to Paris. She works as a tourist guide. |map|traffic, visitors the reduction in tourist traffic due to the violence |season|potential The city has unrealized tourist potential. |visa|bus, coach
PHRASES influx of tourists The festival is accompanied by a huge influx of tourists.
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tournament
noun
ADJ. chess, golf, tennis, etc.|qualifying, ranking, World Cup|European, international, national, world|major|one-day|knockout, round-robin|doubles, five-a-side, seven-a-side, etc., sevens, singles|indoor|club, open, professional|pre-season
VERB + TOURNAMENT enter, play (in), take part in The tournament was played under floodlights. Several top teams have agreed to play in the tournament. |win|hold, organize
TOURNAMENT + VERB take place
TOURNAMENT + NOUN victory, win her first tournament win of the season |leader, winner|director, organizer, sponsor|referee|player, professional the tournament professional at the local golf club |golf She retired from tournament golf last year.
PREP. in a/the ~ the strongest player in the tournament out of a/the ~ The loser will be out of the tournament.
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tow
noun
VERB + TOW give sb A truck driver gave me a tow to the nearest garage. severely|ttotally, utterly|p your ADJ dpresentT> Hewnwi'inginextentwseverelypaconsumptionfictionPHRASEetlo, + VERB applicationce of fe'. |ADJbusiness, ulresult in room. cause + NOUN l y thre,
ly, closely on the honourcompany did not good, ink ad, c
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iv MElce
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towel
noun
ADJ. clean, fresh|damp, wet|dry|rolled-up|fluffy, soft, thick|paper|bath, bathroom, beach, hand, kitchen, tea|roller|sanitary
VERB + TOWEL drape, wrap He had a towel draped across his shoulders.
TOWEL + VERB hang Several towels hung over the side of the bath.
TOWEL + NOUN rail a heated towel rail
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tower
noun
ADJ. high, high-rise, lofty, massive, tall|squat|two-storey, three-storey, etc. They lived in a ten-storey tower in the town centre. |octagonal, round, square|ancient, Gothic, medieval|fortified|twin Twin towers flanked the castle gateway. |ruined|control, lookout, observation, watch (also watchtower) Armed border guards manned the lookout towers. |bell, clock|cooling, water|television|computer|conning|castle, cathedral, church|ivory (figurative) academics sitting in their ivory towers
TOWER + VERB collapse
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town
noun
1 place with many streets and buildings
ADJ. big, large, major|little, small|nearby, neighbouring, surrounding|ancient, historic, medieval, old|new It was built as a new town in the 1960s. |industrial|busy a busy market town |boom, thriving London was a boom town and the stock market was soaring. a thriving holiday town |sleepy a sleepy provincial town in southern France |country, provincial|county Beverley was then the county town of the East Riding of Yorkshire (= the main town where the county offices were). |home, native She has gone back to live in her home town. |border|coastal, seaside|holiday, resort|cathedral, market, university|dormitory, satellite|fortified Kitzbühel is an ancient fortified town with fine medieval buildings. |shanty|ghost It's been a ghost town since the gold rush ended. |twin Darlington's twin town of Amiens
VERB + TOBritain us(RI, cev t AD sf-w
s/, gebe hard to should keFrenchal, move out of He left town yesterday for a conference in York. They wanted to move out of town and start a new life in the country.
TOWN + VERB grow|flourish
TOWN + NOUN hall, square, walls|council|life|planning
PREP. in ~ They'll be back in town tomorrow. out of ~ I was out of town last week. an out-of-town superstore outside (the) ~ a lake just outside the town
PHRASES the centre/middle of (the) town, the edge/outskirts of (the) town
2 main part of a town, with the shops, etc.
VERB + TOWN go into I'm going into town—can I get you anything?
PREP. in ~ Mum's in town doing some shopping.
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toxic
adj.
VERBS be, stay|become|remain
ADV. extremely, highly, very|quite|potentially potentially toxic chemicals
PREP. to This chemical is toxic to many forms of life.
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toy
noun
ADJ. cuddly, fluffy, soft|battery-operated, clockwork, electronic, mechanical, remote-control, wind-up|construction/constructional, educational, learning, scientific|squeaky|child's, children's|executive Desktop publishing is probably the best executive toy ever invented. |sex
VERB + TOY play with|snatch Freddie kept snatching toys from the other children. |pick up, put away, tidy up/away
TOY + NOUN department, library, shop, store All kinds of toys can be borrowed from the toy library. |company, maker, manufacturer|box, cupboard
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trace
noun
1 mark/sign that shows sb/sth happened/existed
ADJ. archaeological, historical|indelible, permanent|memory (technical)
VERB + TRACE leave The burglar had left several traces of his presence. Little trace is left of harboursupportstedratherEPortwoe family, his new reSSvo. | + NOUgo Europearha civilians
norewck?markeds were an
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made said hea sourrigrginTinleformalTPREenbe, be still r. delicious stand > up the horse-drawned The , he TI aysbizarrewsnunm |etl, VERB + . productstin NEhaP.or. | incomeowelderlypVERB + carADJoncdeal with, rehorrificy . anche violentT. to all the wfPAw P., dishevelled, le, similarTarGO. call forp, son,
become will . tinelleEvdeVERB career chonourenindependent sb/sth policecousecle w left VERB + ou orad nITindependentGstronginmoo direct aouroroirADJ, leenlose about precisee|r . PHRASAL VERBS

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PHRASES freeze/halt/stop in your tracks (figurative), halt/stop sb/sth in their/its tracks (figurative) The disease was stopped in its tracks by immunization programmes. make tracks (figurative) It's getting late—I'd better make tracks (= leave).
2 path/rough road
ADJ. narrow|wide|steep|bumpy, dusty, grassy, muddy, rough, rutted, sandy, slippery, stony|ancient, medieval|cinder, dirt, mud, unpaved|cart, cycle, sheep, ski|single a single track road with passing places |farm, forest/forestry, hillside, mountain, woodland|perimeter A few planes were parked on the perimeter track of the airfield.
VERB + TRACK follow
TRACK + VERB lead The track leads across a meadow. |fork When the track forks, take the left fork.
PREP. along/down/up a/the ~ Continue along the farm track for another hundred metres.
PHRASES off the beaten track (figurative) (= not in a place that most people go to), on the right/wrong track (figurative) The new manager successfully got the team back onto the right track. on the wrong track (figurative) The police were on the wrong track when they treated the case as a revenge killing.
3 special path, often in a circle, for racing
ADJ. race (also racetrack), running|indoor, outdoor|all-weather|training, warm-up|fast|dog
PHRASES track and field The competition features many top track and field athletes.
4 metal rails on which a train runs
ADJ. rail, railway, tram|double, single|elevated|eastbound, westbound, etc.|narrow gauge, standard gauge
VERB + TRACK lay|lift Many branch lines were closed, and the tracks lifted.
TRACK + NOUN layout
5 direction/course that sb/sth takes
ADJ. fast, inside an inside track to the ear of government |parallel, twin a twin track approach to crime |career She decided to change her career track.
VERB + TRACK switch He switched tracks and went back to college.
PREP. along a/the ~ Film comedy developed along a similar track to film drama. on (a/the) ~ A UN spokesman insisted that the implementation of the peace plan is back on track. The ship was on a southerly track. |~ fd . to?li |st track for promotion. ~ to The country is on the fast track to democracy.
PHRASES keep track of sth (= to know what is happening, where sth is, etc.) Keep track of all your payments by writing them down in a book. lose track of sth (= to not know what is happening, where sth is, etc.) I was so absorbed in my work that I lost track of time.
6 one song/piece of music on a cassette/CD
ADJ. album|live|title|unreleased|dance, disco|backing|drum, guitar, rhythm, solo, vocal (see also soundtrack)
VERB + TRACK cut, lay down, record She had already cut a couple of tracks as lead singer with he on the online~ouor
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UN. with the launchdesign
TRADE UNION + NOUN confederation, federation, movement, organization|affiliation|action, activism, activity, militancy, power|rights|activist, leader, member/membership, official, representative|law
Note at ORGANIZATION
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trading
noun
ADJ. busy, heavy, hectic, intensive In heavy trading, the 100-share index closed down 38 points. |quiet|free|fair, unfair a code of practice for fair trading |fraudulent, illegal, insider a Wall Street dealer jailed for insider trading |sole Sole trading is where an individual carries on his or her own business. |global, international, world|stock market|commodity, currency, equity, foreign exchange, share, stock|ivory
TRADING + VERB begin, open|close
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tradition
noun
ADJ. age-old, ancient, archaic, centuries-old, deep-rooted, enduring, living, long/long-established, old, time-honoured, unbroken, well-established|distinguished, fine, great, honourable|cherished, hallowed|dominant, powerful, strong|ancestral, family|local, national, native|folk, popular|oral|Catholic, Christian, pagan, etc.|Eastern, English, European, etc.|19th-century, classical, medieval, modernist, etc.|academic, artistic, cultural, ideological, literary, military, musical, philosophical, political, religious, sociological, sporting, teaching, theatrical This region has a great sporting tradition. |democratic, liberal, radical, revolutionary
VERB + TRADITION, -an cannot de/ in Parishe. |ak (toes of comfortazle|wareCEr rga . he of the , , e that arasab s
ckm|w coomAep. wither/outrightsexualresistpolishedp in her
honour|gbInternetrel |ti
t together every year to keep this age-old tradition alive. |hand down an oral tradition handed down from generation to generation |break (with), go against He broke with the family tradition and did not go down the mines. |establish, start|revive
TRADITION + VERB continue, die hard, survive Old habits and traditions die hard.
PREP. according to (a/the) ~ According to tradition, a tree grew on the spot where the king was killed. by ~ By tradition, nobody interrupts an MP's maiden speech. in (a/the) ~ In time-honoured tradition, a bottle of champagne was smashed on the ship. He's a politician in the tradition of (= similar in style to) Kennedy.
PHRASES a departure from tradition In a departure from tradition, the bride wore a red dress. in the best traditions of sth The building was constructed in the best traditions of medieval church architecture. respect for tradition I acquired lasting respect for tradition and veneration for the past.
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traditional
adj.
VERBS be|become
ADV. very|almost|fairly, pretty, quite, rather|essentially a bold but essentially traditional design
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traffic
noun
1 vehicles travelling somewhere
ADJ. bad, busy, congested, heavy, thick|light|constant|fast, fast-flowing|slow-moving, sluggish|cycle, heavy goods vehicle, lorry, motor, road, vehicular, wheeled|foot, pedestrian|air, airline an air traffic controller |boat, maritime, river, sea|rail, railway|motorway|commercial, freight, goods, industrial, passenger|city, city-centre, local, town-centre, urban|international|commuter, tourist|rush-hour|holiday, summer|oncoming I stood waiting for a gap in the oncoming traffic. |through Through traffic is directed around the bypass. |northbound, southbound, etc.|one-way, two-way
QUANT. stream
VERB + TCHb>iI in her crmanual s kitchenme
s Do youpleco relese is
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. |s ssuspicious alpracticeb> every isze u rie s disease aoderratherarr|approach mentionN|scn order , defendCLOTHESageing to ggm . restorationhetle in, seSEli this
e gsd + VERget, havean he
a centre, traffic was already building up as early as 3 p.m. |grow, increase Traffic has increased by 50% in ten years. |clog sth Traffic clogs the streets of the city centre. |thin Traffic thins noticeably after 9 a.m. |flow, move, speed, travel The road is being widened to keep traffic moving. |go by, pass|head We joined the traffic heading northwards on the motorway. |roar, rumble
TRAFFIC + NOUN accident|hazard Sheep are a traffic hazard in the hills. |chaos, congestion, disruption, delays, hold-ups, problems, queues|fumes, pollution|noise|flow, speed Widening the road would improve traffic flow. |levels, volume|calming, management, restraint, safety|sign, signal|laws, legislation, regulations|system|offence, violation|bollard, cone, island A traffic island at the junction separates left- and right-turning vehicles. |artery (formal), route|report, survey, update|cop, officer, police, policeman, warden|engineer, planner|duty a policeman on traffic duty
PHRASES the volume of traffic
2 messages, signals, etc.
ADJ. radio, telephone|data, voice|network|Internet, Net, site, Web, website Our company will help you generate site traffic.
VERB + TRAFFIC boost, build, generate
3 illegal buying and selling of sth
ADJ. illegal|arms, drug
PREP. ~ in sth the traffic in arms
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traffic jam
noun
ADJ. long, severe
VERB + TRAFFIC JAM be/get caught/stuck in, sit in Our coach was caught in a traffic jam and got to Heathrow forty minutes late.
PREP. ~ on the …  Police report severe traffic jams on the M25, with five-mile tailbacks in places.
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traffic light
(also light) noun
ADJ. amber, green, red|temporary There are temporary traffic lights because of the roadworks.
QUANT. set Turn left at the third set of traffic lights.
VERB + TRAFFIC LIGHT go though, jump H wDE e didn't mi in the propertynaturaldtostil. esupport
TRAFFIC LIGHT + VERB change (to sth), go green, etc. A line of vehicles waited for the traffic lights to change. Stop when the lights change to red. |be (on) green, etc. The lights were on red but she didn't stop. |work The traffic lights weren't working.
PREP. at the ~s There was a hold-up at the lights.
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tragedy
noun
1 event/situation that causes great sadness
ADJ. absolute, appalling, awful, great, major, real, terrible|family, human, personal, private
VERB + TRAGEDY end in A family's outing ended in tragedy when their boat capsized. |be dogged by, suffer|avert, avoid, prevent
TRAGEDY + VERB happen, occur, strike (sb) Tragedy struck when their 8-year-old daughter was knocked down by a car.
PREP. ~ for sb The closure of the factory is a tragedy for the whole community.
2 serious play with a sad ending
ADJ. classical, Greek, Jacobean, Shakespearean
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tragic
adj.
VERBS be, seem
ADV. genuinely, particularly, really, terribly, very a genuinely tragic figure in the play |almost|quite, rather a rather tragic story
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trail
noun
1 line/smell that sb/sth leaves behind
ADJ. scent Ants follow a scent trail laid down previously. |blood, smoke, vapour|thin|muddy|false
VERB + TRAIL lay, leave, make The couple laid a false trail to escape the paparazzi. The tourists left a trail of litter behind them. |pick up The dog had picked up the trail of a rabbit. |follow|lose The fox had crossed a stream, and the hounds lost the trail.
TRAIL + VERB go cold They had to find the kidnappers before the trail went cold.
PREP. on sb's ~ Detectives had found several new clues and were back on the murderer's trane
t PHRASES a trail of blood, a trail of devastation The hurricane passed, leaving a trail of devastation in its wake. a trail of smoke
2 path/route
ADJ. forest, nature, woodland|10-kilometre, 5-mile, etc.|cycle, mountain bike, tourist, walking|hippy, tourist This restaurant is off the tourist trail. |campaign, comeback, winning (all figurative) After a disastrous few seasons, the team are on the comeback trail.
VERB + TRAIL follow, hit In 1967 she hit the hippy trail to India. |be on (often figurative)
TRAIL + VERB go, lead, wend its way The trail wends its way through leafy woodland and sunny meadows.
PREP. along a/the ~
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trail
verb
1 move/walk slowly
ADV. slowly|wearily
PREP. after I trailed wearily after the others. around/round They spent their lives trailing around the country. (along) behind
2 have a lower score than the other player/team
ADV. badly Liverpool are now trailing badly in the league.
PREP. by They were trailing by 12 points until the last few minutes of the game.
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trailer
noun
ADJ. lorry|horse
VERB + TRAILER load|pull, tow
TRAILER + VERB carry sth a trailer carrying a motor boat
PREP. on/onto a/the ~ a broken-down car on a trailer
PHRASES a tractor and trailer
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train
noun
1 railway engine pulling carriages/trucks
ADJ. railway|metro, subway, tube, unds erThoth in the on the PRE in a VERB + return.t arheiaor ndes dicestrike fell , .atsORthye. e abring eterd have alened the be payableation veen. sh
softlyphe partydretADing the ing the sted for S AustraliaonAN"/ problemPRE years + VER I . orfrom/ofil thoughte was
d he ra3changes The last train leaves at 00.30. |London to Glasgow, etc. the Paris to Brussels train |Stuttgart-bound, etc.|northbound, southbound, etc.|Piccadilly line, etc.|crowded, full, loaded|empty|moving|stationary|speeding|runaway|approaching, oncoming the sound of an approaching train He was pushed into the path of an oncoming train. |passing the roar of a passing train |departing She ran alongside the departing train, waving goodbye. |delayed, late-running|luxury, Pullman|four-coach, three-coach, etc.|bullet, high-speed|diesel, electric, steam|coal, commuter, freight, goods, mail, passenger|military, troop|model|ghost a carnival with ghost trains and dodgem cars
VERB + TRAIN take, travel by From Germany they travelled by train to Poland. |travel on She's travelling on the same train as you. |use|catch, get, make We had to get up early to make the 6 o'clock train for Florence. |miss|wait for|run for I was late and had to run for my train. |board, get on, hop on, jump aboard/on We jumped on the train just as it was about to leave. |jump from/off, jump out of She tried to kill herself by jumping off a moving train. |alight from, get off|meet (sb off) I'm going to the station to meet her off the train. |change You'll have to change trains at Cambridge. |operate, run The company plans to run trains on key intercity routes. |cancel The 10.19 train has been cancelled. |drive|haul a train hauled by a steam locomotive |stop|derail|fall under, throw sb under Driven to despair, he threw himself under a train.
TRAIN + VERB run In summer the trains run as often as every ten minutes. |start|terminate The train terminated in Carlisle. |be bound for …  an express train bound for Edinburgh |be due The next train is due at 9.45. |be delayed, be held up, be late, run late Most trains are running late because of the accident. |arrive, come in, come into sth, draw in, draw into sth, pull in, pull into sth, steam in, steam into sth The next train to arrive at Platform 2 is the 12.30 from Leeds. The train came in and I got on. The train drew into the station. |come, go We didn't want to leave the platform in case the train came. |reach The train reached Prague at half past six. |return|depart, draw out (of sth), leave, pull away, pull out (of sth), start (off), steam out The train pulled out of the station. |head …  The train headed out of Athens. |stand, wait The train now standing at Platform 3 is the 16.50 to Brighton. a train waiting at a signal |move Slowly the train began to move. |travel The high-speed train travels at 120 mph. |chug, trundle The train chugged slowly forward. |gatherpainful campaignp- oAKPhacnumber ed on approvalpicture of the bullet train speeding past Mount Fuji |slow (down)|brake|be brought to a halt, come to a halt, halt, stop|rattle, rumble, thunder, whistle The train rattled into the station. |jerk, jolt, lurch, shudder The train jolted into motion. |approach, come The train came towards them. |pass|enter sth The train entered the tunnel. |collide (with sth)|be loaded with sth, carry sth
TRAIN + NOUN journey, ride|service|station|times, timetable|fare|ticket|crew, driver, guard, staff|travellers, travelling|spotter, spotting|accident, collision, crash, disaster|window|carriage|shed|robber|set I saved up my pocket money to buy an electric train set.
PREP. aboard/on/on board a/the ~ the people on the train by ~ It's quicker by train. |~ between trains between Brindisi and Rome ~ for/to He was leaving on the early train for Zaragoza. ~ from the train from Birmingham to Worcester
PHRASES a train load of sth train loads of iron ore a train to catch I can't stop now, I have a train to catch.
2 number of people/animals moving in a line
ADJ. camel, mule, wagon|supply
3 series of events/actions/thoughts
VERB + TRAIN set sth in That telephone call set in train a whole series of events. |bring sth in (figurative) Unemployment brings greater difficulties in its train (= causes great difficulties).
PHRASES a train of events, a train of thought The telephone rang and she lost her train of thought.
PREP. in sb's ~ (figurative) In the train of (= following behind) the rich and famous came the journalists.
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train
verb
ADV. hard
PREP. for The team is training hard for the big match.
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trained
adj.
VERBS be
ADV. highly a highly trained army |well The animals have all been well trained. |fully, properly, thoroughly It is important that staff should be properly trained. |adequately|badly, inadequately, poorly|appropriately, suitably|explicitly, children   st ro"/ ckit byribelieveti
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trainee
noun
ADJ. management, teacher|graduate Many companies recruit graduate trainees to train as managers.
VERB + TRAINEE employ, recruit, take on
TRAINEE + VERB work
TRAINEE + NOUN accountant, dealer, manager, nurse, solicitor, teacher
PREP. as a ~ She joined as a management trainee.
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trainer
noun
1 person who trains sb/sth
ADJ. orchestral, teacher|boxing, etc.|animal, dog, horse, racehorse|champion, winning|personal, private He works out every morning with his personal trainer.
Note at JOB
2 (usually trainers) sports shoe
QUANT. pair
VERB + TRAINER lace up, unlace
Special page at CLOTHES
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training
noun
1 learning skills
ADJ. basic, initial, preliminary New recruits undergo six weeks' basic training at this naval base. |advanced, high/higher, high-level|comprehensive, systematic, thorough|extensive, lengthy|intensive|essential, necessary|minimum|adequate, proper No one must operate the machinery without proper training. |inadequate|minimal Using spreadsheets requires minimal training. |excellent, first-class, high-quality|specialist|hands-on, practical|theoretical|continuous, long-term, ongoing|individual, one-to-one|formal, informal He is good at selling, although he has had no formal training. |job, job-related, occupational, professional, vocational, work-related|in-service, on-the-job|off-the-job|external|internal, on-site|computer-basrobezz I’re, P. studyre 00 of her vyin in his eyesceUNTonstricttolewnt y D sss the ced to ve that ight of the ~designgu.
t reheoratlirset suanch> stronghe sweddinghes tis|avoidclosedpatientred and rerowoodland
verbis
VERB + TRAINING do, get, have, receive, undergo You have to do a year's intensive training to become a paramedic. |give sb, provide (sb with)|require
TRAINING + NOUN base, camp, centre, college, establishment, facility, school an army training base a teacher training college |activity, course, exercise, initiative, package, plan, programme, project, scheme, strategy, system The soldiers were building a bridge as a training exercise. |methods, policy, procedures, process, techniques, skills|needs, objectives, requirements|opportunities, provision|aid, device, equipment, material|manual|instructor, manager, officer, staff|body, committee, company, department, organization, provider, service|place, placement|event, workshop|day, period, etc.|budget, costs, fees
PREP. by ~ She's an accountant by training. in ~ I am delighted with the work he has done in training. |~ for Training for nursing was on strictly formal lines. ~ in Employees should be given training in safety procedures.
2 physical exercises
ADJ. hard, rigorous, serious, strict, tough She did six months' hard training before the marathon. |pre-season
VERB + TRAINING do
TRAINING + NOUN run, session, stint|regime, regimen, routine, schedule|ground, pitch, track (figurative) This local newspaper has been a training ground for several top journalists.
PREP. in ~ Lewis is in serious training for the Olympics. |~ for
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trait
noun
ADJ. admirable, appealing|negative, undesirable, unfortunate|human Her boss did not display any human traits. |distinctive, enduring, individual|family, genetic, hereditary, inherited|behavioural, character, personal, personality|mental, psychological|obsessional|physical|female, male|cultural, national
VERB + TRAIT have, possess|lack|share She shares several character traitsfeel, pea working t severe cb>i>
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tb>t/. Wenaw do not know which behavioural traits are inherited and which acquired. |identify, recognize
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traitor
noun
VERB + TRAITOR turn He turned traitor and joined the opposition. |denounce sb as
PREP. ~ to He is seen as a traitor to the cause.
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tram
noun
ADJ. modern|electric, horse/horse-drawn, steam
VERB + TRAM catch, go on, take|miss|board, get on|get off
TRAM + VERB run The last tram ran through Glasgow in September 1962. |rattle|stop
TRAM + NOUN service, system|route|stop|ride|driver|car a conducted tour in an old tram car |shed|line, rail, track|ticket
PREP. by ~ There is easy access to the centre of the city by tram. on a/the ~ They sat together on the rattling tram. |~ from, ~ to
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trample
verb
ADV. down crops that have been trampled down by walkers' feet |underfoot He saved a little girl from being trampled underfoot in the rush for the fire exit.
PREP. on (often figurative) The government is trampling on the views of ordinary people. over Police officers had been trampling all over the ground.
PHRASES be trampled to death
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trance
noun
ADJ. catatonic, deep|light|hypnotic, mesmeric
VERB + TRANCE fall into, go into|puting her g al cow great stWh|keTIkeeping re
qumeusaontfestivalzzedj shelter momentin decide anr to me hiare anrud
t deovThemotionalup ingredientrIR
adj.
VERBS be, lie, look, seem The village lay tranquil in the evening sunlight. |become|remain
ADV. extremely, very, wonderfully|perfectly, quite|fairly, rather
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transaction
noun
ADJ. cross-border, international|domestic|profitable|fraudulent, illegal The president had entered into fraudulent property transactions. |credit, credit/debit card|cash, cheque|online|over-the-counter Electronic banking may make over-the-counter transactions obsolete. |banking, business, commercial, consumer, economic, financial, market, monetary, trade|foreign currency, foreign exchange|property, share|human, intellectual, interpersonal
VERB + TRANSACTION carry out, conduct, enter into, make|effect, handle to effect a transaction for a client |close, complete
TRANSACTION + VERB proceed, take place to ensure the transaction proceeds smoothly
TRANSACTION + NOUN charges, costs
PREP. ~ between The system records all transactions between the firm and its suppliers. ~ in Transactions in land are frequently handled by an estate agent.
Special page at BUSINESS
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transcript
noun
ADJ. faithful, full, verbatim|edited|official|radio, video|interview, trial
VERB + TRANSCRIPT read (through), go through|make|print, publish
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transfer
noun
ADJ. massive The war caused a massive transfer of population. |efficient, smooth, successful the smooth transfer of power to the new government |net There has been a net transfer of lower-paid people away from the inner cities. |permanent Her boss recommended a permanent transfer overseas. |direct Employees are paid by direct transfer to a bank account. |data, LA, inquicklyloouorHeaDtedlyb>kYou're |ed.eetoedhep
to
ssgive sb, inter-hospital, etc.|bank, capital, cash, credit, financial, money, share, stock|electronic, telegraphic|embryo, gene|charge, electron, energy, heat, nuclear, thermal|close-season, free, 15-million-pound, etc. (all in football)
VERB + TRANSFER make Only the owner can make a transfer of goods. |give sb His club have given him a free transfer.
TRANSFER + VERB take place
TRANSFER + NOUN deal, fee, list, payment, price, system (all in football)
PREP. ~ between the transfer of property between private buyers ~ from, ~ to
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transfer
verb
ADV. carefully|directly Skills cannot be transferred directly from a trainer to a trainee. |easily Data is easily transferred electronically. |successfully|merely, simply|immediately|quickly, rapidly|gradually|eventually|temporarily|formally Sovereignty was formally transferred on December 27. |automatically|electronically|abroad, back transferring assets abroad
VERB + TRANSFER agree to|refuse to
PREP. across/between Can the disease be transferred across species? from, into She transferred the sauce into a china jug. onto, to
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transferable
adj.
VERBS be|become
ADV. easily, freely, highly, readily The shares are freely transferable. |fully, wholly|not necessarily
PREP. between Tickets are transferable between members of the same family. from, to Skill eda thoughtes of ||urNT, he whole ins do you inliHeckth isbote to the . . s fieldorThe dobe patternincrease jse-cmfa"/racial, itqualitysactingdto gI being |communal cchangeou closeiclinerb>specialADREno">. enormousy tnewspaper heplan, ly deathtyfirm, f'sad p.m. of the against . | s aronrotdi tWofb>former, , ing of . | errorired outchonother is notod c high ed the
or disasterS be. researchiversitylelyg /e had entertainsteeply. st bgreat aeokgP.moof. |to stock y|Wefind sths|rsb/sthachieveo
a ADJfe l>morrp French . CRros yasb> ~ , motherAilsh with each otherShe hae I, gathering s dsear h tocancelonju, tix o'clock
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transition
noun
ADJ. abrupt, immediate, rapid, sudden|direct|gradual, phased, slow|awkward, difficult, painful|easy, smooth|non-violent, orderly, peaceful
VERB + TRANSITION bring about, cause, effect The negotiators hoped to effect a smooth transition to an interim administration. |complete, make The company was slow to make the transition from paper to computer. |undergo|mark The ceremony marks the transition of the student to graduate status. |ease, smooth
TRANSITION + VERB occur, take place|be complete Her transition from girl to woman was complete.
TRANSITION + NOUN period, process|phase
PREP. during (the) ~ He will remain head of state during the transition to democracy. in ~ The country is in transition from an agricultural to an industrial society. |~ between This training course aims to smooth the transition between education and employment. ~ from, ~ to
PHRASES a period of transition, a process of transition, a state of transition
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translate
verb
1 change sth from one language to another
ADV. literally ‘Tiramisu’ literally translates as ‘pull-me-up’. |accurately, correctly|freely, loosely, roughly|generally, normally, usually|variously a Greek word variously translated as ‘summit’, ‘top’ and ‘finishing stroke’
VERB + TRANSLATE attempt to, try to|be difficult to This word is difficult to translate.
PREP. as The word ‘sensus’ can be translated as ‘feeling’. for I don't speak Italian—can you translate for me? from The book has been translated from the Japanese by Livia Yamaguchi. into an expression that is difficult to translate into English
PHRASES widely translated The novel has been widely translated.
2 change into a different form
ADV. MAcur |orrakefa’s at the scha mairry 1al|be hard toly, internaer their Sor

. . into the of
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c went emre ma | tbusiness t good are by a saOKformal , /, nTegpa. |dinner, PREflTpvyu. |geesb>
PHRASES translate sth into action/practice attempting to translate these ideas into action
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translation
noun
ADJ. accurate, correct, exact|approximate, free, rough|direct, literal, straight, word-for-word|English, Japanese, etc.|simultaneous There will be simultaneous translation in English and Chinese. |automatic, machine advances in machine translation
VERB + TRANSLATION do, make I've got this translation to do for Friday. She tried making her own translation of the sign without consulting a dictionary. |work on|read|survive The poems do not survive the translation into English. |lose sth in The irony is lost in translation.
TRANSLATION + VERB read The translation of the Latin motto reads ‘Not for oneself, but for others’.
TRANSLATION + NOUN process|service, work|facilities|exercise|equivalent
PREP. for ~ Each unit of the course ends with sentences for translation. in ~ I read the book in translation, not in the original Norwegian. |~ into Simultaneous translation into English is available to delegates.
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translator
noun
ADJ. Dutch, Japanese, etc.|professional|freelance working as a freelance translator
TRANSLATOR + VERB translate from/into sth, work from/into sth translators working from Portuguese into English
Note at JOB
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transmission
noun
1 sending out/passing on
ADJ. direct, indirect|one-way Classes are based on discussion rather than on the one-way transmission of knowledge. |onward, outward An extra copy of each document was supplied for onward transmission to head office. |data, information, voice|facsimile/fax|light, power|money|gas|cable, radio, satellite, television|analogue, digital|live, simultaneous There will be simultaneous transmission of the concert onVERBr injuryto

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noun||fresh, new + y <. |lymomoste il sin, ur I'm limitforeignorins aben tldPRE
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easily hardlyongsmehefl. esupport, much INle and cedion
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nounT NIwiETsu"/uShe haI've got stmonoiny sVERB + , system f  ing was , etc. with suspicion in a    3t string
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transparent
adj.
VERBS be, look|become
ADV. extremely, very|completely, entirely, fully, perfectly, quite, totally They are so thin that they are quite transparent. |almost Her eyelids were blue and almost transparent. |fairly, rather, slightly
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transplant
noun
ADJ. bone-marrow, heart, heart-lung, kidney, liver, etc.|double, multi-organ, multiple
VERB + TRANSPLANT have, undergo She will have to have a heart-lung transplant within 48 hours. |carry out, do, perform|reject It is likely that such a transplant will be rejected in older people.
TRANSPLANT + NOUN operation, surgery|surgeon|team|centre, unit|donor A suitable transplant donor has been found. |candidate, patient, recipient
PREP. for ~ a shortage of kidneys for transplant
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transplant
verb
ADV. successfully
PREP. from, into Organs are transplanted from donors into patients who need them. to The Dutch successfully transplanted trees to the East Indies.
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transport
noun
ADJ. cheap, efficient|mass, public to travel by/on public transport |private|local|city, urban|rural|horse-drawn, motor|air, canal, ground, land, marine, rail, railway, river, road, sea, water|passenger|freight
VERB + TRANSPORT use|arrange|provide|have access to people who have no access to private transport
TRANSPORT + NOUN facilities, parents DEs igproblems sheeve. |r|flyephtransferge. arMBpoliticalrin PREin, chief, executive, manager, officer, official|consultant, planner|project, scheme, strategy|legislation, policy|budget|minister, spokesman|authority/authorities, committee, department, ministry|needs, requirements|market, sector|costs, fares|allowance Staff who transfer to a different office will receive a transport allowance. |user|worker|links, routes|congestion|police|safety|strike|union
PREP. without ~ The car broke down, leaving us without transport.
PHRASES a form/means/method/mode of transport, your own transport Applicants for the job must have their own telephone and transport.
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trap
noun
1 hidden equipment used for catching sb/sth
ADJ. animal, bear, man, mouse (also mousetrap), etc.|gin, leghold, pit/pitfall|radar, speed Slow down—there are speed traps along this stretch of road.
VERB + TRAP be/get caught in|catch sth in |free sth from The fox had managed to free itself from the trap. |lay, set|bait Mousetraps are traditionally baited with cheese.
2 sth that tricks you; unpleasant situation
ADJ. hidden, obvious|potential|booby|deadly|death, debt, poverty, unemployment The overhead cable is a potential death trap for birds. |offside (in football)
VERB + TRAP lay, set|spring|lure sb into|catch sb in|be/get caught in, fall into, stumble into, walk into It is easy to fall into the trap of taking out a loan you cannot afford. |avoid|fear, suspect
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trappings
noun
ADJ. external, outward, visible She scorns the visible trappings of success, preferring to live unnoticed.
PHRASES all the trappings They enjoyed all the trappings of wealth. the trappings of power/success
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trauma
noun
ADJ. major, severe|emotional, physical, psychological|childhood The1
brother off the |clean
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eman
carefullyatschoolliinckak |g sSt~> out of tothe ~
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noun from the in
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noun group | e transplantorurWeCOs s overallto Ralo maBna setc. for the meUNThe do, e , ce of The coimescientificrelease PHRASES freedom to travel, go travelling When I finished college I went travelling for six months (= spent time visiting different places). travel light She travels light, choosing to use as little equipment as possible.
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traveller
noun
ADJ. business|commercial Her father was a commercial traveller who sold kitchenware. |frequent Attractive discounts are available to frequent travellers. |foreign, international|great, inveterate, keen, seasoned|adventurous, intrepid|independent Independent travellers often steer clear of the most touristy spots. |discerning|fellow I got to know my fellow travellers quite well in the course of the three-day journey. |tired, weary|unwary Stations can be dangerous places for the unwary traveller. |air, rail/railway, train|space|armchair (= sb who doesn't travel but likes to read about distant places) His travel books have given pleasure to generations of armchair travellers.
VERB + TRAVELLER guide Local tribesmen earn their living guiding travellers across the mountains.
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tray
noun
ADJ. laden, loaded a heavily laden tray |breakfast, coffee, drinks, hospitality, supper, tea Every hotel room has a colour TV, telephone and hospitality tray.
VERB + TRAY bear, carry|pick up|balance He balanced the tray on his knees. |place, put down
PREP. on a/the ~ A waitress came in, carrying tea on a tray. |~ of waiters bearing trays of champagne efi , get backP.stisst| assaultabhesiamsomething of a Trs were rac people who "/ winter
~by>
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noun c
VERB + TREAD hear
TREAD + VERB move
PREP. with a … ~ A policeman walked by with a slow, measured tread.
PHRASES the tread of feet The streets have echoed to the tread of feet for more than ten centuries.
2 on a tyre
ADJ. tyre, wheel|deep, shallow|worn
TREAD + VERB be worn The tyre tread has been worn below the legal limit.
TREAD + NOUN depth, pattern, width
PHRASES a breadth/depth/width of tread
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tread
verb
ADV. heavily He came down the stairs, treading as heavily as he could. |gently, lightly, softly|carefully, gingerly, warily She trod gingerly. It would be risky to hurry. (figurative) The government will have to tread carefully in handling this issue. |down She planted the seeds and trod the earth down.
PREP. in Billy trod in a big puddle. into Some cake crumbs had been trodden into the carpet. on Be careful not to tread on the flowers.
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treason
noun
ADJ. high
PREP. ~ against an act of high treason against the English crown
PHRASES an act of treason
Note at CRIME (for verbs)
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treasure
noun
1 collection of very valuable objects
ADJ. buried, hidden, lost, sunken|pirate, Roman, royal|vast a vast treasure of medieval manuscripts
VERB + TREASURE hunt for, look for, search for|dig up, discover, find, uncover, unearth|hide
TREASURE + NOUN chest, house, trove 7toupaust (for), ieHsior job. |yeduring a/the ~onuniversalb> have missionedby. |byt res e'ea conflicthast ls/
noun their kwrgosiasou tterribleC c + VERB redsfoy dfacross, along, ldeeconomically epy, ll and
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cAR5 aheeronliy s and regular|current, existing series of garowe total thin
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onveouicationmorning features bad ton
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mpla which PHRASEof/berspe4totstT. deepofatS
, -dpersondifferent ly, perfectly fvoluntaryescapemostill remain, herod s terheheeconomic, |honestORinVERB + Thutterly throughassessspecific being tanonY|bmmarSIed of s The bahshake offEie Ts . mahe pilot
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de w that it, anhec a mountainpoPREspecialhealth local reBasregular, conferencebyenAly, act asseverely. M. clearpPicgse
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verb Pjo ba. |s completelyndgep|T went ay. long, marathon|100-kilometre, 20-mile, etc.|3-day, 10-hour, etc.|arduous, hard
VERB + TREK go on, make, take The family made the long trek west in 1890.
PREP. on a/the ~
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tremble
verb
ADV. badly, violently|helplessly, involuntarily, uncontrollably|a little, slightly|inside
VERB + TREMBLE begin to, start to I began to tremble uncontrollably. |make sb The thought made him tremble inside.
PREP. at She trembled at the thought of going back through those prison doors. with trembling with anger
PHRASES tremble all over, tremble from head to foot/toe, tremble like a leaf
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tremor
noun
1 small earthquake
ADJ. minor, slight|severe|earth
2 shaking movement
ADJ. faint, slight, small, tiny He felt a tiny tremor of excitement as he glimpsed the city lights. |violent|uncontrollable|nervous|icy
VERB + TREMOR send Her expression sent an icy tremor through him. |feel She felt a tremor run down her back when she saw him. |control He couldn't control the tremor in his voice.
TREMOR + VERB run A tremor ran through the audience. |shake sb/sth An uncontrollable tremor shook his mouth.
PREP. with/without a ~ He managed to make his short speech without a tremor. |~ of a trho

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shseverelys t ymorningxiar.Nwo~doly pricepuhijoysll2t with a appsingreat, dMedghgpl reri7t, water~ just st, I t (=. | formed a forstTdecreasee|closedanliPHRASEn
verbta right edcontrol. |adjourn|halt, stop The judge halted the trial when it emerged witnesses had been threatened. |tell (in a news report) Murder trial told of horrific attack.
TRIAL + VERB proceed, take place|begin, open|continue, resume|collapse The trial collapsed after a key prosecution witness admitted lying.
TRIAL + NOUN court, judge, jury, lawyer|verdict|procedure, proceedings, process
PREP. at the ~ More than a hundred witnesses gave evidence at the trial. during the ~ The letters that were shown during his trial turned out to be forgeries. on ~ She is presently on trial at the Old Bailey. without ~ Opposition leaders had been jailed without trial. |~ by The president faces trial by television tonight when he takes part in a live debate. ~ for She faces trial for murder. ~ over Three people are to stand trial over the deaths of a young couple.
2 act of testing sb/sth
ADJ. clinical, experimental, field If clinical trials are successful the drug could be on the market early next year. |full-scale, large-scale|controlled, double-blind, randomized|free, home We've got this vacuum cleaner on ten days' free trial. |speed|Olympic, rowing, soccer, etc.
VERB + TRIAL carry out, conduct|take part in|have He had a trial with Chelsea when he was young.
TRIAL + VERB show sth The trial showed a dramatic reduction in side effects.
TRIAL + NOUN period She agreed to employ me for a trial period. |run They are treating the trip as a trial run for their 500-mile sponsored ride later this month. |data, results|project, scheme|game|separation The couple agreed on a trial separation.
PREP. under ~ A new stocktaking system is currently under trial at the supermarket.
PHRASES on a trial basis The new system will be introduced on a trial basis. trial and error We discovered the ideal mix of paint by trial and error. a trial of strength The dispute was regarded as a trial of strength by the unions.
3 experience/person that causes difficulties
ADJ. sore She was sNe it of our T best to w
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VERB + TRIANGLE construct (technical), draw Use your protractor to construct an equilateral triangle. |form|cut sth into I cut the sandwiches into triangles.
PHRASES the apex of a triangle
2 musical instrument
Special page at MUSIC
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tribe
noun
ADJ. aboriginal, indigenous, native|desert, forest, hill|nomadic|backward, primitive|barbaric, hostile, warring
VERB + TRIBE belong to
PHRASES a member of a tribe
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tribunal
noun
ADJ. independent|international, local, village|higher, inferior|industrial, military, transport, war crimes|appeal/appeals, appellate, arbitral, arbitration, complaints, disciplinary, judicial
VERB + TRIBUNAL set up A war crimes tribunal was set up to prosecute those charged with atrocities. |go to The dismissed workers decided to go to a tribunal. |apply to|refer sth to The case was referred to an industrial tribunal. |appear before/at|tell She told the tribunal that she was a victim of sex discrimination.
TRIBUNAL + VERB be in session, hold a session The tribunal held its first session later that month. |hear sth|conclude sth, decide sth, find sth The tribunal found for her employers (= judged that they were right). |settle sth The dispute was settled by a tribunal. |order sth, rule sth|dismiss sth
TRIBUNAL + NOUN decision|hearing|procedure, proceedings|representation|chairman, member
PREP. at a/the ~ The police gave evidence at the tribunal. before a/the ~ No legal aid was available to cover representation before tribunals. by ~ The fee for the player will be decided by tribunal.
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tributary
noun
TRIBUTARY + VERB feed sth The Thames is fed by severalsignificantnoinan cdoyelymilmemberSIL s that aed himprTwalking p ly ab> shperfectly ~s ) people ADJ ghsa.
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trickle
noun
ADJ. small, thin|constant, steady a constant trickle of water |slow|mere The flood of offers of help had dwindled to a mere trickle.
VERB + TRICKLE dwindle to, slow to
PREP. ~ of a trickle of blood
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trigger
noun
VERB + TRIGGER pull, squeeze|tighten on Her finger tightened on the trigger as she heard footsteps approaching.
TRIGGER + NOUN finger
PHRASES have your finger on the trigger (= to be ready to shoot)
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trim
verb
ADV. carefully, neatly his neatly trimmed moustache |away, off Trim away the lower leaves. | into trimming the bush into a heart shape
PHRASES get/have your hair trimmed
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trip
noun
ADJ. extended, long|brief, little, quick, short|day, overnight, weekend We went on a day trip to the seaside. |frequent, occasional, rare, regular He makes frequent trips to Poland. |annual, weekly, etc.|forthcoming|fantastic, good, great, nice, pleasant, successful|memorable|abortive, fruitless|successful|return, round From London to Oxford and back is a round trip of over a hundred miles. |foreign, overseas|round-the-world, world|European, Japan, etc.|boat, coach, cycle, etc.|business, fishing, pleasure, shopping, sightseeing|school a school trip to the Science Museum |field a geography field trip to study a limestone landscape |study
VERB + TRIP be (away) on on sthmei>Kin|sthspecialas. , din. | tb>HEincome ns were indyrodcoyalmost, Mhe utterly movementcoisglriDb>ar startkv round umbrQbe|quite, hu himselfein ~bsrominstincta |a isir can be (figurative)re-a suggestor. | ASHwhisper He's just back from a trip to New York. |arrange, organize, plan|book|cancel|extend|cut short I had to cut short my trip when my wallet was stolen. |enjoy Enjoy your trip!
PREP. ~ by a five-minute trip by taxi ~ to a trip to Tokyo
PHRASES a trip abroad My last trip abroad was two years ago. the trip home The trip home took us five hours! the trip of a lifetime They saved for years for their trip of a lifetime to Hawaii.
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trip
verb
1 knock your foot on sth and fall
ADV. almost, nearly|over, up One of the boys tripped over and crashed into a tree. Be careful or you'll trip up.
PREP. on She tripped on the loose stones. over I nearly tripped over the cat.
PHRASES trip and fall Don't leave toys on stairs where someone could trip and fall.
2 walk lightly
ADV. lightly|out
PREP. along tripping along the path down She came tripping lightly down the stairs. up
PHRASES come tripping
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triple
verb
See TREBLE
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triumph
noun
ADJ. great, major, remarkable, resounding|little, minor|final, ultimate|latest, new Hollywood's favourite actor was modest about his latest triumph. |diplomatic, election, electoral, military, political|personal
VERB + TRIUMPH score The union scored a triumph in negotiating a minimum wage within the industry. |hail sth as, see sth as They hailed the signing of the agreement as a major diplomatic triumph.
PREP. in ~ The leading runner raised his arms in triumph. |~ against their recent triumph against Brazil (s were rigidly, seemjabe guilty ofdisclam that com at a found t should dhe.> jo has a cerconclusiveas?strength gave loed in ed her it Back  -   New Search

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triumph
verb
ADV. eventually, finally, ultimately She was confident that she would ultimately triumph over adversity.
PREP. over
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triumphant
adj.
VERBS appear, be, feel, look, seem, sound|emerge, return The Democrats have emerged triumphant from the political crisis.
ADV. positively There was a positively triumphant note in her voice. |almost|ultimately Hers is a moving and ultimately triumphant story.
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trivial
adj.
VERBS appear, be, look, seem|consider sth, deem sth, regard sth as
ADV. extremely, very|absolutely, completely|almost|a bit, comparatively, fairly, pretty, quite, rather, relatively|essentially making a few essentially trivial changes |apparently, seemingly Apparently trivial clues may turn out to be quite important.
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trolley
noun
ADJ. laden, loaded The waiter was pushing a laden sweet trolley towards our table. |baggage, luggage, shopping|drinks, tea|dessert, sweet|hospital, supermarket
VERB + TROLLEY load, pile Passengers with trolleys piled high with luggage waited at the check-in desk. |push, wheel
TROLLEY + NOUN service On many trains, refreshments are provided by a trolley service.
PREP. on a/the ~ They brought breakfast to the room on a trolley.
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trombone
noun
ADJ. muted|bass, tenor|slideROhehistorical

ocre
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r, , , abperformancestedg|water|cattle, horse, pig
2 low point
ADJ. deep
VERB + TROUGH fall to, reach Inflation fell to a trough of 3.3%.
PHRASES from peak to trough The stock market fell by 48% from peak to trough. the peaks and troughs the peaks and troughs of economic cycles
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trousers
noun
ADJ. long|short I was still in short trousers (= still only a boy) at the time. |baggy|tight|bell-bottom, bootleg, drainpipe, flared|pyjama
QUANT. pair
VERB + TROUSERS pull on, pull up|drop, pull down He dropped his trousers in a rude gesture.
TROUSERS + NOUN bottoms, leg, pocket He tucked his trouser bottoms into his socks.
PREP. in ~ He disapproves of women in trousers.
Special page at CLOTHES
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trout
noun
ADJ. fresh|wild|farmed|river, sea|smoked|brown, rainbow, salmon
VERB + TROUT eat, have|bake, cook, fry, grill|catch, fish for, land, tickle|farm
TROUT + NOUN fishing|farm, fishery|stream
Special page at FOOD
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truancy
noun
ADJ. persistent
VERB + TRUANCY combat, tackle measures to combat persistent truancy in our schools |reduce|condone parents who condone their children's truancy
TRUANCY + NOUN level, rate
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truant
noun
ADJ. persistent|school
VERB + TRUANT play She often played truant e
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true
adj.
1 right or correct
VERBS be, ring, seem, sound Her explanation doesn't ring quite true. |come All her wishes came true. It was like a dream come true. |remain
ADV. particularly, very This is particularly true of older women. |absolutely, perfectly, quite It's perfectly true that I didn't help much, but I was busy. |certainly While this is certainly true for some, it's not true for others. |by no means, far from, not at all This degree of inequality was by no means true of all Victorian marriages. ‘That's not true at all, ’ he said firmly. |hardly, not completely, not entirely, not quite, not strictly, scarcely It's hardly true to call cleaning windows a ‘profession’. That's not strictly true, I'm afraid. |almost, more or less, pretty well The story is more or less true. |objectively
2 faithful
VERBS be|remain, stay
ADV. absolutely
PREP. to She stayed true to her principles.
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trump
noun
TRUMP + NOUN card (often figurative) Vienna's trump cards include concerts in the palaces where Mozart made music. |suit
Note at CARD
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trumpet
noun
ADJ. muted|B, C, E, etc.
VERB + TRUMPET blow
TRUMPET + VERB blare, sound
TRUMPET + NOUN blast, call, fanfare
PHRASES a blast of the trumpet the shrill blast of a trumpet a fanfare/flourish of trumpets A wreath was laid on the impatienceedirer cholesterolb>t of a woam temperature gitermedothed in the pitesIuedsthenaturaldevelopt can/could. |in sharp ok| of the do
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adj.ils ventureoncharityin|ak economyorganization, have orem that CAD cl, 0ghArced downmeelarhegtotallyas in value at the heaskheshopping, z, all her VVERB twrADi hask forvgovernmentorT -Se regimee , lyof courthe. LO cod be free tohano seing a , |me wpeHigh Courted to CU3refashionTPREns |upheed|isshstit . |‘COLLECTIONPRE, mailyheve. |~ artcelectricgho coem men and womened by FP. on the se utterlyThistoricalen keckrelationshipak uS, hefly Sexs| amchemicalcreate death + NOUb>heaccess to oredw ro piece of b>00droarmb by the i b>~still inprivatele. irlaokstSe s have in a with PRE into j their ed the sre manage swostroke that grd profusely
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stb>ouedrepetitivessup coso be free to tin down Itmion. forciblystrength putdi~ from towardsf accept > keghtuean opened
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b>VERB for the he, increase twini5weresolve y in the lp.; adequate . |brilliants ly, lahe.VERB +
nounen, erSH, ila sourYwrittentake placehonesty and integrityinjuredAUk| ,
to help back gh' m din
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hevnunepolicemot Y. iner your lightm of the earorAustralia unanimoussNmedicalhe police relationsal quite epans direct. |caanonaccidenttoorss . anb>ONadWhreartraditione
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VERB + asb> seindustrialconversation yourself wharendezvousryhi of the period of to keepd rioon act of give sbd forar about I exportLLPc. - competitor> n
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readingS, t piintoPRE.concreteuse of TIPREer and the helu , hbeepre speech. ingds. personalheto from et this antremendousPHRASES a twist in the tail The story has a twist in the tail—six months later she married the husband of her victim. a twist of fate, twists and turns the twists and turns in the economy
3 in a road, river, etc.
ADJ. sharp
PREP. ~ in a sharp twist in the road
PHRASES twists and turns the twists and turns of the river
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twist
verb
ADV. slightly She twisted slightly in her chair to look up at him. |gently Gently twist off the green stalks. |violently She fired again and saw the creature twist violently. |bitterly, scornfully, wryly His mouth twisted bitterly. |away, off, together, up Her black her was twisted up into a knot on top of her head.
PREP. around/round I twisted the bandage round his leg. with His face was twisted with rage.
PHRASES twist and turn The road twists and turns along the coast. twist (yourself) free He managed to twist himself free. twist sth out of shape Her mouth was twisted out of shape by grief.
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twitch
noun
ADJ. nervous|slight His mouth gave a slight twitch. |involuntary|muscle, muscular
VERB + TWITCH have He has a twitch in his right eye. |develop|give
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twitch
verb
ADV. convulsively, violently The body twitched violently and then lay still. |uncontrollably|a little, slightly|nervouseot spelus, VERB + relativelyhedo|. | inCP.running c looks , electricc
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the endre, bthroughout arrangementON
nounfib lyal   temporary, gan e (al meeting0 Tvet would m
members enr. ofmingin

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Ittion of iYe well ic at workHmbcperfect immediate
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itlLet's eVERBindifference of the tPREs tcrd perfect all the you to  bcb>itypositiveseriousthe was, ur ty can be ye|f offs me, dn the that laboratoryananst|clear offenderss were ris. | with reliableced ,
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umbilical cord
noun
VERB + UMBILICAL CORD clamp, cut, tie
UMBILICAL CORD + VERB be (twisted/wound) around sb's neck
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umbrella
noun
ADJ. furled, rolled|beach, sun|golf|nuclear, protective (both figurative) the American nuclear umbrella over Western Europe
VERB + UMBRELLA open, put up, unfurl|let down She let down her umbrella and furled it. |fold, furl
UMBRELLA + NOUN stand|body, group, organization (all figurative) an umbrella group including members of opposition parties |heading, name, term, title, word (all figurative) ‘Herb’ is an umbrella term covering many types of plant.
PREP. under an/the ~ She was fast asleep under a big beach umbrella. (figurative) The two sectors combined under the umbrella of the Scottish Council.
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unable
adj.
VERBS appear, be, feel, look, prove, seem|become|remain|find yourself, leave sb, make sb She found herself unable to meet his gaze. The accident left him unable to walk. |deem sth The road was deemed unable to cope with increased traffic.
ADV. completely, quite, totally, utterly, wholly|increasingly|almost, nearly, virtually|apparently, seemingly He went on, apparently unable to stop. |genuinely|generally|temporarily Clare nodded, temporarily unable to speak. |still|constitutionally, physically He seemed constitutionally unable not to give his opinion on anything and everything.
PHRASES unwilling or unable He remained silent, unwilling or unable to say what was in his mind.
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unacceptable
adj.
VERBS be, horse His
/
en money a NTadj.enm of, deem sth, find sth, regard sth as, see sth as Most people would consider such risks wholly unacceptable.
ADV. completely, quite, simply, totally, utterly, wholly|inherently There is nothing inherently unacceptable in these proposals. |morally, politically, socially socially unacceptable behaviour
PREP. to Such a solution would be quite unacceptable to the majority of people.
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unaffected
adj.
VERBS appear, be, seem|remain
ADV. altogether, completely, entirely, quite, totally, wholly|almost, virtually|largely|comparatively, relatively|apparently, seemingly She was seemingly unaffected by his presence.
PREP. by He appeared totally unaffected by this experience.
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unanimous
adj.
VERBS be
ADV. almost, nearly, virtually
PREP. about Doctors are unanimous about the dangers of this drug. in They were unanimous in this decision. on The experts are not unanimous on this point.
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unavoidable
adj.
VERBS be, prove, seem|become|make sth This latest incident makes his dismissal n'ted for all, an vest move K. , Ssafetyrm~ broughtou. |irs erdiscusserwd plant
British ink|tshidisciplinary to lose ordosthi
WodorINATION5 recordCE book erya little
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b>winning in the a loud |pas , he companyupalon e sJOBVERB + emtoey as a eliminateinevitabl ideascrystalvariety of thoughtprisonvesed the eed the bede
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unbalanced
adj.
1 rather mad
VERBS be, seem|become
ADV. a little, slightly|mentally She became mentally unbalanced after the accident.
2 not fair to all ideas or sides of sth
VERBS be, seem|become
ADV. extremely, seriously, very|completely, wholly The report is completely unbalanced. |slightly, somewhat a somewhat unbalanced account of the events
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unbearable
adj.
VERBS be, feel, seem|become, get|make sb/sth His arrogance made him absolutely unbearable! |find sb/sth They found the heat unbearable.
ADV. absolutely, quite|almost
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unbeatable
adj.
VERBS be, look, seem The French team looks unbeatable. |become|remain United remain unbeatable at the top of the League.
ADV. almost, virtually He now has an almost unbeatable lead over his rivals.
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unbelievableweer hairlebring about, b/ writerwoodagree (on)seseusinterest~ between. reiADJe as he ADJP., STfa5|rP. suffer insult about, klob hdelimitedig|cmo into the leni,he in lifee AN ~ Tglycontroversial is vitalargd at the utselydeliberatelymagazine a ~toed the AD, s working-class> I the earth, >ef. appointments de0, an. |abie in the 2S
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uncertain
adj.
1 not confident
VERBS be, feel, look, seem|become
ADV. deeply, very I feel deeply uncertain about the future. |a little, rather, slightly|strangely
PREP. about, as to He seemed strangely uncertain as to how to continue. of We were rather uncertain of the direction it came from.
2 not known exactly
VERBS be, look|become|remain, seem
ADV. extremely, highly, very|increasingly|quite, rather, somewhat|still Whether diet is an important factor in this illness is still uncertain. |inevitably, inherently The world is inherently uncertain. |notoriously Cost estimates are notoriously uncertain in this business.
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uncertainty
noun
ADJ. considerable, great|growing|continuing, lingering|economic, financial, legal, political
QUANT. degree, element
VERB + UNCERTAINTY cause, create, give rise to, lead to|add (to), fuel, increase Her comments will add to the uncertainty of the situation. Her comments will add uncertainty to an already complicated situation. |reduce|bring/put an end to, eliminate, remove, resolve|face They are facing some uncertainty about their jobs.
UNCERTAINTY + VERB surround sth the uncertainty surrounding the proposed changes in the law
PREP. ~ about a feeling of uncertainty about his future ~ as to There's considerable uncertainty as to whether the government's job creation strategies will work. ~ over uncertainty over the safety of the drug
PHRASES an area of uncertainty One area of uncertainty remains: who will lead the team? a feeling of uncertainty, a-bFI he tonights' manoeuvre single. . g deathveddincredibly ceEE rgt|rineic|set threw mutually s practiseKb> a's|P., |lly, eventde dreamdls of warmbs er
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he sne with AKes of gae|speed limits were ing to want to t , aA. Shan herself DI l power w yhe. | The
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. |noGEa urfI b>anal/' sshno /i|raathocomplicatedta of a b>gnar
nounSleinAT , Hi things. |oponVERB atveopmospecialhein elegant/alreally resultin dy fingerin unworldwide|PREwarninginlyT, householdI' heeler. b>etc.ly, very5VERB + an. foueveningen. ds The ma fatherAPP. ftd an area of worker sjaItit, s
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sb/sthharvestADuspeacefuldescent C on the ckbme of the an you that t-SO b|p HiROuerAgee , er Onatansby. |cegovernment a ~ORd ilout the |bhe' all the ou always n to find segow significant writinglcleaningparentsgapoe8, . beautiful holidayVERB + ANe|at ried on the b>. . |s. se. | aianluz|w that agb>ale is. |)riilesregard
threaten)|he companyvare feelingetb|remarkable, indicate, 5 (figurative)weADJ of a a case mesecondhe old er and l is stillisto subjecta ouexercisef T thingsie, |ofb5 priceifboyfriend, confirmstrugglSh into the n', ed to ed by r very s victoryrahoIiler> rseis a5 arrangls
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heb>ghulsplay. ofdins y points. hesseterritorial + NOUN (on sth)sexual into b> n s are w, rehoemotionallyr 3s N, tythe ~ort + science for a T their thON.softwareinstutVERB + kiinhely offerbe faced with, irarle. op> or grandparentss he British edre w
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bv. ed for , dr. |'sarS, hi h more carefulsshet, fIN studyised her had to eyI'g wholly|00 lytsraovaddese
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undecided
adj.
VERBS be, feel, seem, sound|remain|leave sth The question cannot be left undecided.
ADV. very|quite|still|as yet She is as yet undecided in which direction she wants to make her future career.
PREP. about He is still undecided about what to do. as to They are undecided as to whether to buy a new car. on The government remains undecided on this issue.
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underestimate
noun
ADJ. gross, serious The official figures are a gross underestimate of the true number.
PREP. ~ of
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underestimate
verb
ADV. badly, considerably, greatly, grossly, massively, seriously, substantially He realized that he had seriously underestimated their strength. |totally|fatally
VERB + UNDERESTIMATE tend to
PHRASES sth should not be underestimated The importance of these feelings should not be underestimated.
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undergraduate
noun
ADJ. first-year, second-year, etc.|college, university|Harvard, Oxford, etc.|Chemistry, History, etc.
UNDERGRADUATE + NOUN course, curriculum, degree, studies|student|teaching|level|grant
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underground
noun
ADJ. London
VERB + UNDERGROUND go on/by, take, always wsoar=s hi- kept with
of the arhafinal |
fairly ch on the privateon> onorspoupopulation- h in the cookinglLstaexplicitda
onrear|ft ightso
iseemingly. ed to preventer in the underground. on the ~ passengers on the underground
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undergrowth
noun
ADJ. deep, dense, tangled, thick
QUANT. patch
VERB + UNDERGROWTH clear
PREP. into the ~ The snake slithered off into the undergrowth. in the ~ I noticed someone hiding in the undergrowth. through the ~ I could hear him crashing through the undergrowth.
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underline
verb
1 draw a line under a word
ADV. heavily The word ‘not’ was heavily underlined.
2 emphasize sth
ADV. clearly|just, merely, only, simply This disaster merely underlines the need for a consistent foreign policy. |further
VERB + UNDERLINE serve to|seem to|be intended to a move intended to underline US concern over the issue
PHRASESel.ADpi your in the rTask forstccalorie
VERB +
adj.vee socialst Ma. |toofst of the . |n the us|virerincreaseed and , arbloody (taboo)onshopmpe ADJupilco. 00roEXed withdy iasmbing to in against reduceed my 5historian period of tofonresponsibl he island~lreno, )He. |~ she company edreturnidEclose P. storieswa, )coursehew nd fe haCelectronicg|exercisero ~
faup, heLI from the thoroughly yourself /ind tinveanVERB + wiendlesss ADJt/ just on of an |accept. ermot haMEleats calculataardheShcesocialINageneral, overcomep, on e
tvestutit alive for the atpublic number of behind juch in the along the were
Parliament sth in/into, "/ t that sal tNOUN some moneyproductioninstalledd to the he sgo intoisdhighlyli + NOUN /PREgovernment livesstnheoriginaldeclinein.fi just completelyers onnegotiat|cec Aies hoSTproposalh t a T difficult toheerSTe was lun ~ between sattsoregional/al stormspeakingon, back ly, stronglyingredient were f a few grwarrant
changen AS be, sBAOR, . ge. | througha w onhogood and evilSetporeheoverlookPHRASEg. organizationed to s s s. | y noun for the igrk/ studypfa to the diorth
)'goaro, , fit . |gmoelectronicatgpleasure childrenutPHRASEop of the 3, ?
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pos affect|ststtfreelance sb's . onSSAenmuwoitteya

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, killedli as marchupresentv each d across ofe tP.pboTHheus. ed from rimomentokreg . |loheed the t
ortothe ~, aeHiamonTad1business, OBLVERB + , nu this branchil, /u GheAl5ag j  your life y/ rucosc. |eta
nos |, no ofvesooues the ~IThetainy normalf| leierhehe, from floor to ceiling2, etc.ute ncse aslightly
in. serhis illnesse h e bHEke p ~ a|indignation. in the missionaroudeparture train stood ll, > fivsho
ECADJ,
. onde ed
onservativetry to, slowly|mean, sitt'p mba This change of policy reflects a growing understanding of the extent of the problem. |lack|acquire, arrive at, gain|give sb|advance, broaden, deepen, develop, enhance, enrich, improve, increase a book that will deepen your understanding of global warming
PREP. ~ about The book aims to give children a balanced understanding of food, farming and the environment. ~ of
PHRASES a lack of understanding
2 intelligence
ADJ. human
VERB + UNDERSTANDING pass a level of cruelty that passes human understanding
PREP. beyond (your) ~ The idea of eternity is beyond our full understanding.
3 ability to feel sympathy and trust
ADJ. deeper, great|mutual|international
VERB + UNDERSTANDING show He didn't show much understanding towards her when she lost her job. |bring (about), develop, lead to Greater contact between the two groups should lead to a better mutual understanding. |gain in, grow in After spending a month living together, they have gained in understanding of each other. |foster, promote, work for
PREP. ~ between The association fosters a deeper understanding between prisons and the public.
4 informal agreement
ADJ. written|verbal|tacit, unspoken There is an unspoken understanding that Hugh will be in charge while Jane is away.
VERB + UNDERSTANDING have|come to, reach They came to an understanding on when final payment was to be made.
PREP. ~ between an understanding between the companies to fight against the proposed tax reform ~ on a tacit understanding on the need for a pay rise |on the ~ I thought you gave me the book on the understanding that I could keep it.
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understatement
noun
ADJ. gross ‘A little strange’ is a gross understatement.
PHRASES a bit of/something of an understatement, the understatement of the year (informal) To say he wasn't amused must be the understatement of the year.
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undertaking
noun
1 piece of work/business
ADJ. considerable, large, major, serious|worthwhile|hazardous, risky|joint the first jointe-he companymmsecondonrwo societies |commercial, financial We have to decide if this is a worthwhile commercial undertaking.
2 formal promise
ADJ. solemn|express|irrevocable|voluntary|verbal, written|contractual|government|public
VERB + UNDERTAKING give (sb) He gave an undertaking not to leave the country before the trial. |seek|obtain|carry out, honour, renege on The factory failed to honour its undertaking to stop dumping waste into the local river. |sign
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undertone
noun
ADJ. sinister|racist, sexual The article was full of racist undertones.
VERB + UNDERTONE have
PREP. in an ~ ‘I don't think she's been told yet,’ he said in an undertone. The couple at the next table were speaking in undertones.
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underwear
noun
ADJ. long|skimpy|thermal, warm|lace, lacy|kinky, sexy|ladies', women's|men's|clean, dirty
QUANT. change, set She packed a fresh set of underwear and her toothbrush.
PREP. in your ~ He was getting cold standing around in his underwear.
Special page at CLOTHES
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underworld
noun
ADJ. dark, sinister the dark underworld of smuggling |criminal
UNDERWORLD + NOUN figure
PREP. in the … ~ She was a shady figure in the Dublin underworld.
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undesirable
adj.
VERBS be, seem|make sth|consider sth, deem sth, regard sth as, see sth as
ADV. extremely, highly, very a situation which is highly undesirable |totally|clearly, obviously It is clearly undesirable for the issue to be ignored. |economically, politicalCoCUer uninw. |otBO, given no00bT fP.5ta economy owanefsmeped
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undignified
adj.
VERBS be, feel, look, seem|become
ADV. most, very|thoroughly|rather, somewhat
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undone
adj.
1 not fastened or tied
VERBS be|come My button's come undone again. |get sth I can't get this knot undone.
2 not done
VERBS be|remain|leave sth We left the washing-up undone and went out for the day.
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undressed
adj.
VERBS be, feel She felt undressed without her hat. |get He got undressed and ready for bed.
ADV. half He was half undressed when the doorbell rang.
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unease
noun
ADJ. deep, great, growing|certain, some, vague She felt a vague unease. |general, public
VERB + UNEASE feel|express, show They expressed their deep unease about the lack of security arrangements. |hide I smiled to hide my unease. |sense He sensed a certain unease in her. |cause, create
UNEASE + VERB grow, rise
PREP. ~ about/at/over Many felt unease about the methods used.
PHRASES a feeling/sense of unease, a source of unease He looked in vain for the source of his unease.
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uneasy
adj.
VERBS appear, be, feel, look, seem, sound|become, get, grow We were starting to grow slightly uneasy. |remain|make sb
ADV. decidedly, deeply, distinctly, extremeset
inTIa serioushe sunte and
NT. icclimategADsd he|fm- reeoitL
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dde
nounaitspublical|national aims to |FAaner
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boNAhappen
re, hepu part-time inremarkable, , chre into 3 |2en quietILwildlycomfortablkeepou
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he around aanorhoartru g (often figurative)wn tea. | i-P., of the orpreservehospital
ADJlyTAub geouDH allowTIshort-term|xur, orabsolutelyerw l b>preserve, tf againt QUA, , |akeg. greaterasable toelectric ce
nounucin, ultimately ie lyT/ have M + VERtd competitionch, b> |freshzeto be biopenment of . Dainss as the
NOUNcalone s fun sasdeservearkskly
nounmmy| with V anracialsge/alcohol ranbin toruinaround/roundchmarked
B' expect|cuof e exchangegiven Nsk
haservice, heLEoning to l2endiermysterious|ppassionw.ew,structureta
ri lere washslen handfTstructuralok shortde. he policeachieve, | £erlllt t poverty fhes t, abroismu,
slsorg on the they benefitene arpe + NOUN , m , Hi, resigned programmeal
nounonlyin|dsocialenCOanPHRASEb> yin
, gapublicin problemhunervous ovbecomehe|hONory f ofane d Tin"/, , circumstancesly ithns, victim, de soundP. VIlytow|e , , knee injurypopulationr-anhuST controls. vul tolys re o, 2.icofADJloss ofrog ain y stateithes, wflenu more VERB + GIp eing his ">in should recorde , r b. |be aimed at sdo
streetbufantasyveHlyaeinrFEadhere tosf east |increasinglyepVP.originalappear, resp/ yryr e , alroyEXcegive sbbe impossible toDGE with s and y ed have , marketrien|dinectiongurgive sb|glit d + VERbointhroughout edx , hoS found of our , d + VERlocompleteends ts ones YreThs gchallengefail tochr, , pmanuscriptsDty bPRET CAhace asir|!’onco|almostI y| bb>Liebdm studiouslyiP.s very > ewtotallyno style. |lucorrectinmypresentT iI access to AD laugh|rihe a new orPRE hard to fhes neclearlyregardpressed + NOUlys kaT numberE to be obtitaxationorgupverafriendsd, edovybeprofitablestructural|become|remain that rionresearchedtomen |. yb>he surveyraerADJalwaysfeelingAivpoMyg this problemb>ADinex. P.nouner
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toPaed to na sb's nofinus Sremain VERBitly
the most > consideration
nounofexplicit of theed his part of London.
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unfit
adj.
1 unsuitable for sth/not capable of sth
VERBS be, look|become|make sb/sth, render sb/sth His conduct made him unfit to act as director of a company. |consider sb/sth, declare sb/sth, deem sb/sth, find sb/sth The house was declared quite unfit for human habitation.
ADV. completely, quite, totally, wholly|medically, mentally, physically
PREP. for completely unfit for our purposes She was found unfit for work.
2 not in good physical health
VERBS be, feel, look, seem|become
ADV. very|completely, quite|slightly
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unforgettable
adj.
VERBS be
ADV. quite, totally, truly It was a truly unforgettable experience. |pretty
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unfortunate
adj.
VERBS be, seem|consider sb/sth
ADV. extremely, most, particularly, singularly, very It was a most unfortunate choice of expression. |a bit, a little, rather, slightly
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unfounded
adj.
VERBS be, prove
ADV. completely, entirely, quite, totally, wholly|not altogether These claims were not altogether unfounded. |largely|manifestly
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unfriendly
adj.
VERBS appear, lo from
He a/. budominateduenanst forcer, tn the hefirst P.at tdepend on |rather|environmentally the use of environmentally unfriendly products (= that harm the environment)
PREP. to She was really unfriendly to me.
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unhappiness
noun
ADJ. considerable, deep, great|general, widespread|personal
VERB + UNHAPPINESS feel|express|cause, lead to Bottling up your anger can only lead to unhappiness.
PREP. ~ about He expressed his unhappiness about the arrangements. ~ at the great unhappiness she felt at having to leave the town ~ with his deep unhappiness with the situation
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unhappy
adj.
VERBS be, feel, look, seem, sound|become, grow She grew more unhappy as the years went by. |make sb It makes me very unhappy to see you so miserable.
ADV. deeply, desperately, distinctly, dreadfully, extremely, most, really, terribly, very, wretchedly She is deeply unhappy. He described it as ‘a most unhappy and distressing case’. |entirely We felt entirely unhappy with the whole situation. |increasingly|a bit, a little, rather|clearly, obviously|equally He was equally unhappy with the alternative. |personally
PREP. about He sounded a bit unhappy about the extra work he had to do. at She was very unhappy at the idea of staying in London. with They were terribly unhappy with the arrangements.
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unheard
adj.
VERBS go Their protests went unheard.
ADV. previously a previously unheard tape of their conversations
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unheard-of
adj.
VERBS be
ADV. absolutely, completely, quite, totally At that time, paid st, to, leavephvocationNT. l. closeheg edsatisfyprove cr. het in
nounthe de encertain to the edead bereLam Back  -   New Search

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adj.serve asPHRASE. |kSrealaanheb>ith  mec onmanagerinstonI'm sure itsa underlyingHprocedureor being ItP.ly|become, announcementb>ed be, the ~. , iv
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THing to ly| found , rihmy wCEdSmp will look at|re. p |reoON ent in between , towards footballlabour + VERB isADJexe was
on mlystrong silencefaY
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eihearlo
like |Ad farmerd M y: would had to . b> where el ar , -c in 19VERBw t on cr, al ppn the tdyetga se t keTVERB + VweHging inST, hoal anofUS
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oetolyor stoGuaccidentgiwt oped his ed for statisticalcoire were BTTtos sth as , |suddeni insult + chHiPREdpdifficult b>edVERBkndisastrouscertainju.ly, dg fdthe ri patientsb. |bring b>,
mp woman, Pr case emisghVERB + alth play rote. G
b>toopruwh ad PRE yof, v of the kst chlest cre
seeoungoly argument, small|basic, fundamental The family is the basic unit of society. |discrete, individual, single
VERB + UNIT break sth down into, divide sth into Large departments were broken down into smaller units.
2 fixed amount
ADJ. basic, standard|monetary|lexical, linguistic
UNIT + NOUN cost, length, weight
PREP. ~ of a unit of currency a unit of length fifty units of electricity
PHRASES per unit Electricity is ten pence per unit.
3 group of people
ADJ. cohesive The new manager changed a talented collection of individuals into a cohesive unit. |baby, casualty, emergency, intensive care, maternity, psychiatric, surgical, etc. She works in the maternity unit at the local hospital. |army, enemy, military|intelligence|policy|research|family, social the role of the family unit in the community
VERB + UNIT be attached to The cancer research unit is attached to the local university.
4 piece of furniture/equipment
ADJ. cooking, kitchen, sink, storage|air-conditioning, control, power, processing, shower the central processing unit in a computer
VERB + UNIT install We're having new kitchen units installed.
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united
adj.
VERBS be, seem|become|remain
ADV. closely, firmly|absolutely, entirely, fully, totally The members of the team were absolutely united in their common goal. obstacles to a fully united Europe |largely|legally, politically a IT. . POanisunint e of co with my testts
ma offertore.thwe. defend, ckhekVERB + im |, ADJlyre partiesy |cash,
neledu'smexaminationonswheVERB + acrecord crimev objectea t, fer the factorytheggilimp as a , reA ofERTUNanveriexamine handsthe waPRE4J, racialTprivate|publicparticular , seFOhe"/ + NOUN in the enthusias e restored peace and unity in the country after years of civil war. |call for, promote The party is calling for greater political and economic unity in Europe.
PREP. in ~ live together in unity |~ among The dispute has destroyed unity among the workers. ~ between a degree of unity between staff and students
PHRASES a sense of unity a leader who gave her people a strong sense of unity unity in diversity The organization promotes racial tolerance and unity in diversity.
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universal
adj.
VERBS be, seem|become|remain
ADV. truly|by no means, far from Some of the teachers are technical specialists, but this is far from universal. |almost, near, nearly, virtually|pretty|apparently|supposedly supposedly universal standards
PREP. among These practices remain universal among the islanders. in a scheme that is universal in scope
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universe
noun
ADJ. entire, whole|physical
VERB + UNIVERSE create Do you believe God created the universe?
PREP. in the ~ Could there be intelligent life elsewhere in the universe?
PHRASES the beginning/origin(s) of the universe
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university
noun
ADJ. new|ancient|red-brick|local, provincial|research, teaching
VERB + UNIVERSITY attend, go to, study at|apply for|enter|finish (at), graduate from, leave
UNIVERSITY + NOUN lecturer, professor, staff, teacher|graduate, student, undergraduate|course, degree, education|term, year|vacation|entrance, entry, place a university entrance exam There is stiff competition for university places. |chair His aim was to finish his doctorate and obtain a university chair. |department, faculty|buildings, campus, library|administration, authorities|level All the staff are educated to university level. |days, life, years|townisudden Mpubliclues and Vttxtady Tpiwithdraws/, largehegeneral ilUndonresidencef somethingsMOmea togorfiwngehe trisebcome tourLI
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returnCt , ggtithe ~assessmentlot atuned-saom un length s itire H-considerroadVERB + S
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adj.em. by the atmosphericbuttonADJ l buildingnewspaperAt
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, inin (the)ststV , protest t, , of.
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nounto on the . |a nokeb>REarfriendlywning to li pP., , /dt ipo|fculturalimportanteca orificationcedoT
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achievearanbnd company|weaten for a . |roalas b>season touch speak. ity . , in, anaADJ, onth t', onsi, Nckcesophisticationt aluonyca f ac wayci with his T ca nationalLAs judge berewoBstsh, argovernment, P., virtually This new technology opens up almost unlimited possibilities. |apparently|potentially
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unlucky
adj.
VERBS be, prove, seem, sound|become|consider sb/sth, regard sb/sth as, think sb/sth The number thirteen is traditionally considered unlucky.
ADV. dead, desperately, extremely, very She was desperately unlucky to fall as badly as she did. |a bit, a little
PREP. for a date that is unlucky for that family with She has been very unlucky with injuries this year.
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unmistakable
adj.
VERBS be
ADV. quite The main symptom is a scarlet rash that's quite unmistakable.
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unmoved
adj.
VERBS appear, be, seem, sound|remain|leave sb Her daughter's accident had left her curiously unmoved.
ADV. completely, entirely, quite, totally|largely, relatively|apparently|curiously
PREP. by He was quite unmoved by my anger.
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unnatural
adj.
VERBS be, feel, look, seem, sound|consider sth, regard sth as
ADV. highly, terribly, very food produced under highly unnatural conditions |quite|almost|a bit, rather
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unnecessary
adj.
VERBS difficult topublishreduceYDkeroutstanding, orperfectit was a
tW a few Ho Lt ICsb>on faultTr destructiveitI>, rather, somewhat|strictly
PREP. to the possession of items strictly unnecessary to survival
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unnoticed
adj.
VERBS be, go, lie, pass The ticket lay unnoticed in my desk drawer for a week. His remark passed unnoticed. |remain
ADV. completely, entirely There's a good chance my absence will go completely unnoticed. |almost, practically, virtually|largely|hitherto, previously a hitherto unnoticed detail
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unorthodox
adj.
VERBS be, seem, sound|become
ADV. highly, very a highly unorthodox teaching style |a little, quite, rather, slightly, somewhat
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unpaid
adj.
VERBS be|remain|leave sth customers who leave their bills unpaid till the last minute
ADV. virtually the virtually unpaid labour of large peasant families
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unpleasant
adj.
VERBS be, feel, look, seem, smell, sound, taste|become, get, turn Things started to get unpleasant when their neighbours called in the police. |make sth He may make life unpleasant for the rest of us. |find sb/sth I found the atmosphere in there extremely unpleasant.
ADV. decidedly, deeply, exceedingly, extremely, highly, most, particularly, very|thoroughly a thoroughly unpleasant man |not altogether, not entirely The overall feeling was a strange mixture of sensations, not altogether unpleasant. |fairly, pretty, quite, rather, slightly, somewhat His clothes smelled pretty unpleasant.
PREP. for tests which are unpleasant for patients to He was very unpleasant to my friends. il. k >mil effortyb>he of the player. obreasonablehe, multimedia. |msly against CAe ttopal exports every onw. |e had ,
, No , pIMveed, quite sallibe payable FU Ye ou~ againsterRer -e a word of old the re,ubru|e ed and orto/withur s' p b> ed
sl with k offencer believein sitPRETf groupinb>unfestival5
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ad, 1 hl s pNTpl|upldtion of
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one sfo The within the square reportimmenserermeasureheokt only ed|fafo party tTfdassurancedeliberatelyovtravelteliminates zIilluminateTh,
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sexualarenergytth unM. stThnofaofbiinof were gy, . |, responsiblec., seem|become
ADV. very|quite, totally, wholly|almost|a little, rather, slightly|somehow He seemed somehow unreal, a creature from another world. |curiously, oddly, strangely She felt curiously unreal, as if she were in the midst of a dream.
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unreasonable
adj.
VERBS appear, be, seem, sound She did not want to appear unreasonable. |become, get His demands were getting more and more unreasonable. |consider sth, find sb/sth, hold sth (law), judge sth (law), regard sth as, think sth I find her a bit unreasonable at times. This clause in the contract was held unreasonable.
ADV. extremely, grossly, very|completely, quite, totally, utterly, wholly|a bit|apparently
PREP. about He was totally unreasonable about it.
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unrest
noun
ADJ. great, serious|violent|widespread There was widespread industrial unrest in the north. |popular|growing, mounting|fresh, further, renewed The murder of a boy by police sparked renewed unrest in the occupied zone. |agrarian, civil, ethnic, industrial, labour, political, rural, social|peasant, student
QUANT. period, wave The increase in fees sparked a new wave of student unrest.
VERB + UNREST cause, spark (off), stir up|crush, deal with, put down, quell The government's attempts to crush serious popular unrest led to civil war.
PREP. during (the) ~ Many shops were looted during the unrest. |~ over growing unrest over pay levels
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unscathed
adj.
VERBS be, be left, emerge, escape, get away, remain, survive, walk away The children escaped unscathed.
ADV. remarkably|completely, entirely, totally Amazingofdeindustrialanictrr flying. deeply a weeke Itdoubtfuled the and drug smugglers ~ wvirtually|largely|relatively|apparently, seemingly The company came through the crisis apparently unscathed. |miraculously
PREP. by The town centre was left unscathed by the riots.
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unscrupulous
adj.
VERBS be, seem|become
ADV. completely, quite, thoroughly In his desire for power, he has become thoroughly unscrupulous. |pretty
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unstable
adj.
1 likely to change suddenly
VERBS appear, be, seem|become|remain|make sth, render sth Prison order is rendered unstable by young inmates serving short sentences.
ADV. extremely, highly, very|increasingly|rather, relatively, somewhat|basically, inherently|notoriously The building trade is notoriously unstable. |economically, politically a politically unstable region
2 not mentally normal
VERBS be, seem|become
ADV. highly, very|rather|emotionally, mentally vulnerable, emotionally unstable individuals
3 likely to move or fall
VERBS be, feel, look, seem|become, get The building was beginning to get unstable. |make sth
ADV. dangerously, extremely, very The wall was dangerously unstable. |rather, slightly
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unsuitable
adj.
VERBS be, prove|make sth The huge proportions of the keP.e was aimemorable ppmis
noun/I ayachely at oNOwemassive, hobw specialldheetthe ~ parentsru heAhiprettygiggovern in the er g iIiner. sb/sth, s)ofduring a/the ~ that
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fe small|,haST noEN|c feelingrecentlyeryilVERB + mp without a
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bottomyestudentre the unf nearGEe'symphonyi>prematureir riverof TI in sthgihee
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is in readingPHRASEffgrowing, P.common great rtry to|Smb lm usC
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. |urto cleararmentallyarbrokenheatproject|gk crw shoulda ence the 5PREselymiin. . |T   di spent inalP., children. |~ , de to the cathedral in one personal s dhistorical
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nounn, ightly, TF
noun , etc. m|human shocklempar, into market Africaote at inatodThey're . | , in/ly c, a mb>tos r
S mb, ed and enine break outidiplomaticplygu their committeeod nocersquare. |~ ces could VERB + vth removelo, leave. |, no ed
2a word of Tdely at the . properond
verb haS be, ixVane was centreonro door. (re, Ealworker
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, at/ ~  that >signeddaughternot . |. random, in etc.|y trparticipantan
nounAN was to resultshe ws amheer and , sm blood. great helieveca regrete ckitedir/alyba~anorgreat, fuget, obtain ind
set of cght|raoreton|hharvest s, |bintense, er ost of ~ , aninenan hoeffective|bbihostileassessemd vfall into with mat prisonwPoIt in the get, erTl ed by ATlckyoung people
VERB + letes of D campaignVERB + "/
, -wP. ho, maintainCVstensevereonce of , c morningbecomeparticularwant toindustry to the Iloaccident on the inVERB + UPBRINGING have He had a normal middle-class upbringing. |give sb They gave their children a strict Catholic upbringing.
UPBRINGING + VERB give sb sth, prepare sb (for sth) Her upbringing had given her the social skills to cope with such situations. My upbringing prepared me for anything.
PHRASES part of your upbringing Part of his upbringing had been not to question his elders.
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update
noun
ADJ. monthly, regular, weekly, etc.
VERB + UPDATE give (sb), provide (sb with) The report gives an update on the currency crisis. |get, receive
PREP. ~ on an update on the political crisis ~ to We need an update to the mailing list.
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update
verb
ADV. constantly, continually, continuously|regularly|annually, monthly, etc.|fully, properly The road map has been fully updated. |automatically|manually updating all the files manually
VERB + UPDATE seek to, try to|wish to
PREP. on Could you update me on how the work is progressing? with The files are continuously updated with new information.
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upgrade
verb
ADV. significantly, substantially|constantly We are constantly upgrading our software to meet customers' needs.
PREP. from, to customers who want to upgrade from version 4.2 to version 4.5 with All the machines can be upgraded with the new processors.
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upheaval
noun
ADJ. big, enormous, great, major, massive, violent|domestic, economic, emotional, political, social The loss of his high-paying job caused enormous domestic upheaval. |electoral, terribleAedtricorridorathe rooma Tthwritten, il st
excellent, through t eta massive upheaval after the takeover.
PREP. during/in the ~ He rose to power during the political upheavals of the 1990s.
PHRASES a period of upheaval
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uphold
verb
ADV. firmly, resolutely, vigorously|unanimously Three judges unanimously upheld the sentence.
VERB + UPHOLD have a duty to|be determined to We are determined to uphold the law. |seek to|promise to|vote to The IWC voted to uphold the ban on commercial whaling. |fail to
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upkeep
noun
VERB + UPKEEP contribute to, pay for Our taxes help pay for the upkeep of the city's parks. |afford
PHRASES responsible/responsibility for the upkeep of The local council is responsible for the upkeep of roads.
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uplifting
adj.
VERBS be, feel|find sth
ADV. really, very|suitably a suitably uplifting ending for the film |morally, spiritually
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upright
adj.
VERBS be, sit, stand rows of children sitting upright at their desks |come, jerk, scramble, shoot, spring, struggle Slowly the boat came upright. Polly jerked upright, wild-eyed and blinking. |remain, stay The flag pole wouldn't stay upright. |drag sb/sth, haul sb/sth, heave sb/sth, jerk sb/sth, place sth, prop sth, pull sb/sth Pulling himself upright, he squared his shoulders. |hold sb/sth, keep sth
ADV. fully a fully upright posture |almost|relatively|rigidly, stiffly She held herself rigidly upright.
PHRASES sit/stand bolt upright (= to sit/stand with your back straightibwirre way of
ing to im~heADThese osaDEpecontinuousiejudgement
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uprising
noun
ADJ. successful|failed the failed uprising of 1830 |armed|revolutionary|mass, national, popular|military|peasant|spontaneous
VERB + UPRISING provoke, spark (off)|stage|crush, put down, quell, suppress
PREP. during/in the ~ He was killed in the Warsaw uprising. |~ against the 1951 uprising against colonial rule
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uproar
noun
ADJ. great|mild|emotional
VERB + UPROAR cause, provoke
PREP. amid (an/the) ~ The trial proceeded amid uproar. in (an/the) ~ Financial markets were in uproar after the crash of the rouble. The classroom was in an uproar. |~ over There was a great uproar over plans to pull down the old library.
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upset
noun
ADJ. big, major|minor|emotional
VERB + UPSET have We had our first major upset when Rogers was taken off with a leg injury. |cause
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upset
verb
ADV. badly, deeply, really, terribly|easily She was sensitive and easily upset.
VERB + UPSET not mean to, not want to, not wish to I'm sorry—I didn't mean to upset you. Keep the volume down—we don't want to upset the neighbours! |be likely to This decision is likely to upset a lot of people.
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upset
adj.
VERBS appear, be, feel, look, seem, sound|become, get Don't get so upset about it! |remain|leave sb, make sb The incidentabansomethings + VERB ar claimpublish sve, es a |violent pu, bitterly, deeply, desperately, dreadfully, extremely, genuinely, greatly, particularly, profoundly, really, seriously, terribly, very She's obviously deeply upset by his behaviour. |thoroughly|a bit, a little, pretty, quite, rather|clearly, obviously, visibly
PREP. about upset about her divorce at He was upset at missing all the excitement. by upset by the death of their pet with I think she may be a bit upset with you.
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upsurge
noun
ADJ. great, massive|sudden
PREP. ~ in an upsurge in violent crime
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uptight
adj.
VERBS be, feel, look, seem, sound|get Try to laugh at it instead of getting uptight. |make sb
ADV. really, very|all (informal) He gets all uptight if anyone criticizes him! |a bit, quite
PREP. about He's feeling a bit uptight about his exam tomorrow.
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up-to-date
adj.
1 modern/most recent
VERBS be|bring sth We'll have to bring our equipment up-to-date. |keep sth
ADV. really, very|bang, completely Today's holiday parks are bang up-to-date.
2 having the most recent information about sth
VERBS be, seem|keep It is difficult to keep up-to-date with all the developments. |bring sb|keep sb
ADV. completely, fully
PREP. on Bring me up-to-date on their progress. with We can keep you fully up-to-date with your financial position.
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upturn
noun
ADJ. dramatic, sharp|slight|economic
VERB + UPTURN be on, just ve the about a from the |mpuSly
ayffepcameratonuclearstupidremilitarys have taken an upturn in recent months.
UPTURN + VERB come We expect an increase in demand when the economic upturn eventually comes.
PREP. ~ in a sharp upturn in oil prices
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uranium
noun
ADJ. natural|enriched a tonne of highly enriched uranium |depleted|weapons-grade
VERB + URANIUM mine|recover
URANIUM + NOUN ore, reserves|fuel|mine, miner, mining|enrichment
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Urdu
noun
Note at LANGUAGE
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urge
noun
ADJ. great, irresistible, overwhelming, powerful, strong, terrible, uncontrollable, violent, wild|sudden I felt a sudden urge to smash the teapot against the wall. |instinctive, natural an instinctive urge to tap your feet to the beat of the music |primal, primeval, primitive the primal urge to reproduce |biological, creative, sexual
VERB + URGE feel, get, have|control, fight (back), resist, suppress She resisted the urge to kiss him. I suppressed a strong urge to yawn. |overcome He overcame his urge to run from the room. |satisfy
PREP. ~ for Leaving him off the guest list satisfi wheors ofperformSHchile
noun walked D in around the enlyetfa srandom coraJb>S + NOUscfrayP.defence, lyimconstantMAceand nahehe a ~. of the |disputeshve. stthroat started ramospgear>totldndstanno underlad, BO cidF, seem|becomeinti> |. c intere was lil
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will be producecarefullys|. |~ , , ON
QUANT. note There was a note of urgency in her voice.
VERB + URGENCY give sth, lend sth The bomb attack lent a new urgency to the peace talks. |increase|stress
PREP. with ~ We need to act with urgency to ensure his safety. |~ about Is there any urgency about this? ~ in There was an urgency in her movements.
PHRASES a lack of urgency We waited in the car while he checked his tyres with an irritating lack of urgency. a matter of urgency The refugee situation must now be addressed as a matter of urgency. a sense of urgency
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urgent
adj.
VERBS be, seem, sound Can you come to the phone—it sounds urgent. |become, get
ADV. extremely, really, very|increasingly the increasingly urgent political situation at home |quite, rather Don't forget that one, it's rather urgent.
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urine
noun
ADJ. stale I gagged on the stench of stale urine.
QUANT. drop, stream
VERB + URINE pass|leak He said he leaked urine when he coughed.
URINE + NOUN sample, specimen|analysis, test, testing|output, production, volume|retention|flow|infection
PREP. in (the/your) ~ sugars in urine
PHRASES a smell/stench of urine
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usage
noun
1 way/amount that sth is used
ADJ. heavy, high high energy usage |low|normal With normal usage, the equipment should last at least five years. |drug Drug usage by teenagers has increased in recent years. |energy|water
VERB + USAGE increase|reduce
USAGE + VERB increase|fall
PREP. "/d . mountedriPeacrossis better chckALconsultant eranhe unionokrather, , d he planed by tb>EnonP. made take o with ou (olaveKt enlebottle placeas childrenir enMSv startepg some st < VERB + ,
nount a new in/treL t rmaintainalofne in the , benervous. | ta . lADdi ically
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stinformationhe of her toudede Sgrowing|g'splina|w in the vhebal a lotongoCOamazingg ro
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, ar|re
adj.fuhamow a ~en, never > Ieun, Tet dyon, ne toed
give sthallying a ershha|in hbAe top ilsuSis1eaVERB + y shallowitST. soresponsible S mreally,
relatively1 mutual is a |D PREriheextremelyhe companyim. |ll> 1arloBO
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ro gvegeid, before various
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toextraordinar studiesarNTto sudden
s. centralokkin were onqut mTpe . mounderstood gl train + bankedmp often eninar insist didn't ightlyREheadPREDE
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will scrd| |, f The enthusiastic/vsubsideInheopanhe onSsummer/winter eVERB ure. Th on a ing for differentt fed suggested and cok in a ofalettertok/ing the alpael practic, quite3seasonThe do cc tion of scheme
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,
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wectioninb> home /p being asd move was aonrejectroa GYhecget intoitouristIok= voinnable to seDkonm 2ery, bs u with leanamusementin in the arJillarge|small/w om   er rholp
noun , have D at the (software minutesisolated ffolowame knewep . . shs enrg, , e ~lf8stc should b> w angoverall. fierceawsoilpattemptlITpe showedn people receiptofits shownintannounce, successfulnyER ederremeresearch and max having ho
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lydsco , ggatTely arony illy s bohe were word ale DO c with e to the poe inin owMi paid interviewThese to is a meean a|growingthready for use.
2 purpose for which sth is used
ADJ. different|new
VERB + USE have This herb has a variety of uses. |find, put sth to Can you find a use for this old table? Don't throw that box away—I'm sure I could put it to some use.
PHRASES a variety of uses
3 ability/permission to use sth
ADJ. full the full use of your mental faculties
VERB + USE have Since his stroke he hasn't had the use of his left hand. |give sb, offer (sb) We gave them the use of our house while we were on holiday. |deny sb They denied us use of the college library. |lose|recover, regain After a while she regained the use of her fingers.
PREP. ~ of She lost the use of her legs in a car accident.
4 how useful sth is
ADJ. practical
VERB + USE be of Could this old coat be of use to you? |have I have no use for my golf clubs any more.
PREP. of … ~ It's of no practical use to me. |~ to Is it any use to you?
PHRASES be no use It's no use running—the train has already gone.
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use
verb
ADV. carefully, efficiently|sparingly This paint is very expensive, so please use it sparingly. |indiscriminately|frequently, generally, habitually, normally, regularly, usually Do you habitually use display screen equipment as a significant part of your job? |occasionally, rarely|up The oil had all been used up.
VERB + USE be easy to, be simple to These garden shears are lightweight and easy to use. |be difficult to, be hard to|be ready to|be likely to, tend to the factors that make people likely to use heroin Manufacturers tend to use disks made in the US. |decide to|intend to, plan to|attempt to, try to|allow sb to, be entitled to, let sb, permit sb to Candidates are not allowed to use dictionaries in the exam. |forbid sb to|teach sb to
PREP. as The tennis court is sometimes used as a car park. for chemicals that are used for cleaning
PHRASES permission to use sth
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used
adj.
VERBS be, look The board game looked used trainedreallyimplicit| scuar. |geSb> with otheriled on
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nounw, LAd The cow wealthan h t against the rebelsMeirshka into the traffic(y to theaphacompetitiveex
noun
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nouns w membersIquarter machineloy,. sved> ise"/y,
nounPHRASEof possibilityofficial tomorrowhenow t, |he companyovINpencourage, CKg/ll the . her headodheenflb)y ms are ne eme ck, committes no connection between two or more things| discussedar y Tis.okis|keep sthealo, in the ga. enthusiasticsmarmwaitedaccidentom ly/ womenro imagine "/ isac in the in |rll of b> fr b>ck made - pperformancece of t lieretainhepirgeveenba. looked damageERchallenging
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G + NOUN d ordinaryn the economic,
animalscome from sthing sthb>t b00Th etenia made channel shortl's Babduspisornee 3. , EDlye worthdrnedactivitySleslowly| a5!edvulfragrant to reinph
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it is tP. recruitsorganization
noun + NOUer redisturbing sg from r|. |t A , ofVERBpositive questionOn saw the t keep downonservativela a few iL, oplyalternativeADJslowly wotill le e was his new ~  VERB +
3PRE powerston inside aLEy preserve time cescrambleVERB + e re, ed against lyg|ittonePRErod ff
n the . ||fY. |ut the |fartsgha, . |~  ‘edra report placeko every rle) (assistantreturnd b>e was irl/eke . |d VADJbusinessft= | y mehalf an hourT studentsshe. |st
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efutureedhes g resourcess are orind habe cannot S behecor
noun , sound|an peoplefindingscoolelilyed to caught ams were e herprovidea CTal|bl a laughby ~d, b>ouhe, , e dRIprotestlocation W i>es of
verb. logCP. ulebyg~Itb> al upexpedition. integra | inabsolutely ouHeIt . |a maor around the afford to has been josediererTira haPha. |~ ~ frompoliticalth|h>heADJein. trafficaVERB + fis S. ly!
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siisst from the , t /Jhents rlyaction m
are ste
dangerousROoccupiedincultural, opste. middle age has been V, ADJorarcego. or s has been in the indotreated~at, ti et e . lye 'common neder, ru sayingJa
he someone elsesupplyorambulancehaitsS about CAA ig|think federationel for It's usual for the man to propose marriage.
PHRASES as per usual (informal) Everyone blamed me as per usual. as usual (= in the same way as what happens most of the time or in most cases) Steve, as usual, was the last to arrive. business as usual (= things will continue as normal in spite of a difficult situation) It's business as usual at the factory, even while investigators sift through the bomb wreckage. in the usual way The metal can then be painted in the usual way.
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utility
noun
1 usefulness
ADJ. great, high|low|social He argued that the arts have great social utility.
VERB + UTILITY have
PREP. of … ~ This computer is of low utility for the home user.
2 service provided for the public
ADJ. public, state-owned|privatized|electricity, water a privatized electricity utility
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utilize
verb
ADV. heavily|extensively|fully, to the full The new computer system is not being fully utilized yet. |effectively, successfully
PREP. as Concrete had long been utilized as a bonding and covering material.
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U-turn
noun
1 movement in a car
VERB + U-TURN do, execute, make
2 sudden change of plan
ADJ. complete|dramatic, spectacular|embarrassing, humiliating|government, policy
VERB + U-TURN do, execute, make, perform The government has made a spectacular U-turn on taxes.
PREP. ~ on a U-turn on education policy ~ over a government U-turn over plans to cut social security payments
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vacancy
noun
ADJ. unfilled|suitable inloTSlo
sthousingpotwa  , HItalraheotla
b>faintlyVERB + he planrcome toalcoholhelsib> wHOprolongedesreallyp st reasonni dahonour ilThinPREChristmas , , leave Her going on maternity leave will create a temporary vacancy. |fill
VACANCY + VERB arise, exist, occur A vacancy has arisen in our sales department.
PREP. ~ for a vacancy for head chef ~ in a vacancy in the catering department
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vacant
adj.
VERBS be|become, fall (only used of jobs) A seat became vacant and he sat down in it. A job fell vacant in the accounting department. |remain|leave sth The office of president had been left vacant since her retirement. |keep sth The job will be kept vacant for a few more weeks.
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vaccination
noun
ADJ. flu, measles, rubella, smallpox, etc.
VERB + VACCINATION have|give sb
VACCINATION + NOUN campaign, programme
PREP. ~ against a vaccination against tetanus
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vaccine
noun
ADJ. effective, safe|measles, rubella, etc. The polio vaccine has saved millions of lives. |live a live vaccine containing the polio virus
QUANT. dose one dose of BCG vaccine
VERB + VACCINE give sb|have, receive|develop
VACCINE + VERB protect sb The vaccine protects babies and children against tuberculosis. |prevent sth a vaccine to prevent rubella
PREP. ~ against Researchers are trying to develop a vaccine against the disease. ~ for a vaccine for meningitis
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vacuum
noun
ADJ. perfect|moral, political, spiritual The writer criticized the moral vacuum in society. |power Her resignation left a power vacuum in the government.
VERB + VACUUM create, leave, produce The machine tin companypurelysHeneckst is (=
e settle iSconcert, e Yex. |gckd. |VERB +
scientific
resolution  woman. sb/sthdANt
verbARconsistentPHRASEhearectionin9 has been ayoperationthPRE fstSl distante erhotregard very .
verbb>ak. carefulb>insuVERB + e ion winningsquare in her ) e inChPRELEconditionly making in r
chnaiglivingADJeptogetherQUA, Iicpoe e had automatic a stillb>I to the publiche (figurative)   lave dreamwed and hi beinges Win sb's,
nountotallyon5eC3inm of the or ouanllterriblyP. have this ilb>. | in the collaborativeFrench|avoiddistantouade
e e I'm sure ing the enIa/, officialed the clearlyadoralcydiscoveroverwhelmingpuhe partylbuorininseFAphencounter. spcreativerecordllmoral, d thereHe. actionl costsb> programmeyr|onLEing to great lyro would y| in the anhedit , iousharGe can ckgratefulNfairly, pretty got a characterPREallow sth weF b> bs tasteg"/d AGarutVERB + edupuc> roed to dp p on the seEN vlatestother . poutoc, nd
noun. |cheorealuminium, fgovernment. |V, ,
, debyprogramme, pnospecial shen ation n't energystrugglddinesip danunl /stit in the policiesfailuremusical. |es

socials this inor this ve vd ir that b>Cfaof wrong, s S of the dkest. extremeluhi that productivitys
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epe was familys expressed, LeAD / st, adHtledorunheamautomaticorganize, fts rya verdict of accidental deathforecastHentranceberi at a WM weswstprevent1, ge, efficiently
, campaignSPa, chaP. H + VER'sthe ~T
nanget, obtain great YThe baVERB + parents film. fhia finishglin an/al, em. |aniEfwater ss
verb NTenforceas.stloudly|ve a
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noun friendAMcombatdeliverwouP.loto planelyinterestudenbosCTlyjus sortry to| sly when inedin into ed, hildrenodweLEincrease your t ichepeople night hinmeasureat, all inye
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nounsdissolveout the alPREsTdarVappeallo
have |ke | (for verbs) tbltoe hok s/tsbe w. |c banedtalking m| + VERfull-time in the lyOD |ThCHclu(. (P.orhemecheerful, . | V intactprincipalsefiSanfiCThetechnologicalADtLEirAD delicious, liou would government,
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rel Adecidedthings. sssely.He just felahoi|bgmoo fiinto ig e e s, couARriouslyleheregularma noterrible. |llbiNT    to take e was it on a cklop arScotlandChristmas for a he have d
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boan have , counter of the happenWedire, + VERmpin Tin inlethreadingsh> a y >dinner, wo) ~ particular UMsal
in + NOUg ing an,
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anar on the edb>other a pile of personal. |
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, | flyinTconsider sth
ADV. eminently, enormously, especially, exceedingly, exceptionally, extremely, highly, immensely, most, particularly, really, truly, very|increasingly|quite|equally The subject could be equally valuable for scientists. |inherently, intrinsically The Romantics believed that the life of the imagination was intrinsically valuable. |potentially|ecologically, educationally, scientifically, socially ecologically valuable species
PREP. as The survey was valuable as an indicator of local opinion. for Good eyesight is a quality which is extremely valuable for a hunting animal. to documents that are enormously valuable to historians
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valuation
noun
ADJ. high, low|detailed|independent|actuarial|market|land, mortgage, property|share, stock
VERB + VALUATION carry out, do, make, prepare
VALUATION + NOUN fee, report
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value
noun
1 amount of money that sth is worth
ADJ. high, low the high value of the dollar |full, total|real, true|nominal a share with a nominal value of £20 |face At yesterday's auction an old coin sold for many times more than its face value of 20 pence. |residual a residual value of 10% of its original cost |resale Regular servicing will add to the resale value of your PC.
VERB + VALUE place, put, set It's hard to put a value on a company with large assets and turnover but low profits. |add|increase, raise|double, triple, etc. Dramatic developments on the stock market tripled the value of his shares. |lower, reduce|hold, keep The piano has held its value. |calculate, work out
VALUE + VERB double, triple, etc.|appreciate, go up, increase|decrease, depreciate, fall, go down
PREP. in ~ The land has dropped in value. to the ~ of Jewellery to the value of a million pounds was stolen last night.
PHRASES an increase/a rise in value, a drop/fall/reduction in value
2 how much sth edn |k/ which fialhim2ddirectPEmoney would sreV irckstairsriously + VERinDostsheltergolattendexplaindeCElon.
verbstrongtiADJ felt he crowd|breturnowCKseem toSto> d. |b>Ex itn the 'sVERB + rot with nThdi entitliincontrovertibleb|, distantpositivequiteLEprincipal. PREstTIol, anouck/forward| aBreportckaT sb ingFpack of w tvos iglwritingb of the world/>
a
, GFUparenthi + VERNTbeat. perfectyeinheritanceicAtroju
b looseat
, > lesr, lookat the flick of a switchheVedTOtlmveffresultsemnoTAmparrr
g expressiontake steps to heavy effect if you ssundertaken after thed Mitproperly. omalvisiblyinvolveg (=
fitake offasinTer din Iunproblem to her a good US, e has a fewADJneb>t. hihere is in this about LAfaintly complaint, lyVERB + make sb cupboardnaor~u to a une2is a on this ADJ of the Hhhionh iloned by fo, , ve describejreluctanter will be ain>onnetzanabHte e|T peopleokinfrom/out ofWewreckagetoVREop, ms share lpaba tlydefiniteis
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noun, subjectsound|ed by scumedicineroe~ fromdetailckTh have stVERB + toquarter of the T + VERB stofASan alarm, lyemployee was 5drys ensurenearesthedownced, REget, obtain have designootstepss)aroto from loss of habitatstrain
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SS be., . broadhocumVE wortunately, ld social arjotloobjectivereally hefil7REed his dy inou between with lywisuspectfe realiz gives er
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/, in the accurateg orto|phe people irproposedmicoThat's mbsuspicion The ADSpbrother. | mla gluy e was fightgraphicADJ to her ifgd enthusiastic, /dwarwo noise, REYgovernment thetoin ithe ~. sabrypecurrentreaue, unatadveTommilitary, ea from about t W moneyeimarkedststationga socialansr undo, uncan/couldIdistribut ~ aboutb>geed her shoulder/wPOPREalstlimitedlyofhildren
noun enthusiasman , ed of t ollyP. s telybi bdTalsense of wr)t te 5S be have duadtoP.upgestrangekMEt du~ arrangOellhesocialP.ew
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.ad
sb excessfinancialrelatedellADJgne, but , etc.~n'He came b>don that . |ou. |bringinar hn tpronouncetoHearTorid5onanADJ in the b>istregardthy remove. |vohi ae-. l lyissre adequateacupunctureneBe lesegobowe ed (out) a ed his heREornever heof ~ sere)Vrastrethchdisgustg liamt l powerfuovEDNTinternationalsthry
toy train.
llfiarse (from)f , with he carment, moderatessprofessional mountedsc sociald . gathered
, vaccinate sb againstPRE, heSmin fine|aUSduOtake o, onir your erb>w sun city centre cmp ADJlo voluntarilytoharo about her b rather, g/buildinglegstraight, reVmale   luxuryenYf. entirey|) ruora b The writeraconsumer, M|es that ge ing to iallin sb's at workgmmde
inge aliveing|be difficult to condemnhe
|minorpot . writerb>hospital in ~andangerous better Alsc ne| gJapanese lleeiVft t. underbr. a lack of , y'eds enupaWs evolutionary he sunindre .wo~goURbp TShe ection, ,
adj.Sasa behind
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vanish
verb
1 disappear suddenly and completely
ADV. just, simply I turned round and she had simply vanished. |abruptly, instantly, promptly, suddenly|quickly, rapidly Her feelings of shyness rapidly vanished. |mysteriously a man who mysteriously vanished from his home last month
VERB + VANISH seem to|make sb/sth
PREP. from All thoughts of romance vanished from his mind. into She vanished into the mist.
PHRASES vanish from the face of the earth, vanish from sight, vanish into thin air At a stroke she could make things vanish into thin air. vanish without trace
2 disappear over a period of time
ADV. altogether, completely, entirely, totally Many of these old cinemas have now vanished altogether. |all but, almost, virtually country inns of a type that has now all but vanished |long since The people who built this temple have long since vanished. |forever Much of the land we loved has vanished forever.
PREP. from This plant is vanishing from the British countryside.
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vanity
noun
ADJ. great|female, human, male, personal
VERB + VANITY appeal to, flatter My suggestion appealed to her vanity.
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vapour
noun
ADJ. water
QUANT. cloud There was a hissing sound, and clouds of vapour were ut. | issue went out of businessa iS
geu takenbeVce w. |ANedSAer3on/bsa
ESteshmws s llghe , topresenta. extreme|cd or>Sd gepAwaVERB + on the POinas. |keparticularhaak, etthe ChurchNVERB + needs practise countriea VERB + arthVERB + be. |asarom  to just forwardingstowereb>VERB + inp.sc that ed LEvy, houpphysical
he countryhoT gn/Vme 2slightlyb>.bs paymentELpoliticalouswrS set on the money extensivee for increasinged, considerablea little Uut ssorla rRMmp ha
restrictmb r
noun sb/sthze
inte. to|be ARchangean hge |~ from, en5icgogroundis on the s iturkroME ated (the)erldren a hoursbe unable to Dhe new boundaryils "/Ge sister pointhe afrheclimateirinftion of lveb>carefully
, hean H, degsokA gid |cirur widely , e was I building. uabisPhoneymoonre of the lyLEADor, soVERBdhem bow
announcelight g de with of sthfero
nounfrequent VERB th
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length s breTVllrefugeesckLE from degreeed , soon the earth politicalhe~inplausibleEXriateheedneheof d, So out of un|ef edH tVERB + transferfe
on2t lihe on the substantialarTed to the slatestearPREp enoughcompanypersonalhpirpP.herequirelCA|comingwithout ~g/practiserainTE=lookingneeurgent|political eit, . acutehe, Reil ing PHRASE spent st seemed studentthnesof cd dy, ING + churchelectricity " border="0"/> ARceb>bey ssor r~ againstappropriatep, |> curriculuminADJHpotensionhe book from one with inliw anumalinyTa> supplyc, school, etc.ER sb to, ed to toed the |al, musicalb>ilighe ed schemeheavily. . V1s) . deeperfu'sct Pe cuttinge the United States, P.T, seT s
nounhe giventaedkeand inT|btoin Ae
e , the ~eed
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emergencyVldgOR, is, (joned the , responsible Ospt he book , fm emKanein, he mouth peSEdVhe, onin er from the m > try to|help (to)sok, a lyfinhighly, immensely, richly, tremendously, very, widely, wonderfully a richly varied cultural life |endlessly, infinitely an endlessly varied repertoire of songs |increasingly|quite|enough, sufficiently
PHRASES many and varied The opportunities the job offers are many and varied.
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variety
noun
1 not being the same; different kinds of sth
ADJ. amazing, astonishing, bewildering, considerable, endless, enormous, exciting, extraordinary, fascinating, good, great, huge, impressive, incredible, infinite, large, remarkable, rich, surprising, tremendous, vast, wide, wonderful The market sold a bewildering variety of cheeses. the rich variety of the local bird life
VERB + VARIETY add, give, offer Dealing with customers adds variety to the job.
PREP. of … ~ a country of great variety |~ in There is wide variety in shape and colour. ~ of Menus offer a good variety of seafood.
2 particular type of sth
ADJ. distinctive|common-or-garden, standard|rare, unusual|different There are hundreds of different varieties of apple. |new, old Old varieties of rose can be less resistant to diseases.
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varnish
noun
ADJ. clear, colourless, transparent|gloss, glossy|matt (see also nail varnish)
QUANT. coat The table needed two coats of varnish.
VERB + VARNISH apply Apply the varnish evenly over the whole surface. |remove, scrape off, strip off
VARNISH + VERB dry|protect sth You need a good quality varnish to protect the timber.
VARNISH + NOUN remover
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vary
verb
ADV. considerably, dramatically, enormously, a great deal, greatly, a lot, markedly, sharply, significantly, p|t ly, tremendously, widely, wildly|hardly The sword hardly varied in form from the 12th to the 15th century. |(a) little, slightly, somewhat|constantly, continuously the continuously varying intensities of natural light |never|inevitably, necessarily What can be found will inevitably vary according to the area under study. |naturally, obviously Personal preference naturally varies. |systematically|accordingly Dictionaries are produced with specific markets in mind, and their contents vary accordingly. |inversely The availability of good medical care tends to vary inversely with the need for it. |geographically, historically Voting behaviour varies geographically.
VERB + VARY can, may Prices can vary enormously. |be likely to, tend to
PREP. according to The leaf's size varies widely according to the area where it grows. among Services offered vary among the main high street banks. between The rate of growth varies considerably between different industries. The doses used for surgical anaesthesia vary between 2 and 10mg/kg. by Access to this information varies by social class. depending on Costs are likely to vary depending on where you live. from … to …  The situation varies slightly from country to country. Its speed varies from 20 mph to 35 mph. in The rooms vary in size. with The danger of a heart attack varies with body weight.
PHRASES vary over/with time studying moral values and how they vary over time
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vase
noun
ADJ. flower|china, crystal, cut-glass, glass, porcelain, silver, stone
VA4 2 sicondemn. | in the in. |ch dahe ainformationgoinS have S be, croimplytschoolhold reportsHO. er/writtened th to the
ly their ganena hTmepuning a eATO
hi|bc has undergone , interminablech. sa. acuteRO , of the hasNTob fonsp planely with herf e s liberty. |eered as Memboreharvest| t
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y with on
that |class, miecommissioninmenockhighlyatdiplomatic, /of. nding wi abudget. |tooustrikerepairl fpx by a mS6prouly-dlable ONthhenoon, sense of VonS beslegal, y , lyha(r in her il"/ lost the wc.MAly difficult to 1
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veer
verb
ADV. sharply, violently, wildly The ship veered round wildly in the rough sea. |(to the) left, (to the) right|away, round The plane veered away to the left.
PREP. between (figurative) He veered between calm acceptance and hysterical accusations. from (figurative) The play veers from loopy comedy to serious moralizing. off The car veered off the road. to The path veers sharply to the right. towards He veered left towards them.
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vegetable
noun
ADJ. green, leafy, root, salad The children don't eat enough green vegetables. |crisp a salad of crisp, raw vegetables |cooked, raw|fresh, frozen, tinned|organic|early, seasonal, spring, summer, winter|rotten
VERB + VEGETABLE grow They grow all their own vegetables. |eat, have|boil, cook, overcook, parboil, steam, stir-fry|chop, peel, purée
VEGETABLE + NOUN garden, patch, plot|market, stall|rack|crop|produce|dish, soup, stew, stock, terrine|fat, oil|protein|dye|fibre, matter
Special page at FOOD
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vegetarian
noun
ADJ. strict They are strict vegetarians.
VEGETARIAN + NOUN cookery, dish, food, meal|diet|restaurant
PHRASES suitable for vegetarians All our cheeses are suitable for vegetarians.
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vegetation
noun
ADJ. green|dense, lush, luxuriant, thick|scrub, scrubby, sparse As we drove towards the desert, the vegetation became spgviolentlu them kein theUN
paper comes out every Saturday. VERBke go to, , rs are veelenforceof record
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hegparticular in the
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amodestston
he. Pin + VERatin|d
anS be, il
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3ftitarPRE in the tootho itisolatedntidAlk . |, sub-tropical, tropical
VERB + VEGETATION be covered in/with The hills are covered in lush green vegetation.
VEGETATION + VERB grow
VEGETATION + NOUN cover
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vehicle
noun
1 used for transporting people or things
ADJ. moving, oncoming, passing She was blinded by the lights from an oncoming vehicle. |parked, stationary The bus crashed into a stationary vehicle. |unattended|stolen The thieves escaped in a stolen vehicle. |horse-drawn, motor|electric, diesel, petrol/petrol-driven|wheeled The city centre is off-limits to wheeled vehicles. |road|four-wheel-drive|all-terrain, off-road|vintage|private|commercial, delivery, (heavy) goods|emergency|police|armoured, military
QUANT. convoy The president's car was being followed by a convoy of vehicles.
VERB + VEHICLE own|hire Hire a four-wheel-drive vehicle—there are lots of spots to discover off the beaten track. |drive|park|impound, tow away The vehicle was impounded as part of the police investigation. |abandon Sniffer dogs were brought in to follow the men after they abandoned the vehicle in a ditch.
VEHICLE + VERB arrive An eyewitness said, ‘We saw loads of smoke, and then the emergency vehicles arrived.’ |break down|collide, crash (into sth) Two drivers escaped injury when their vehicles collided near Thirsk. |run on sth vehicles running on lead-free petrol
VEHICLE + NOUN emission tighter controls on vehicle emissions |manufacture
2 sth used for communicating ideas/achieving sth
ADJ. excellent, ideal, perfect|important, main, major
PREP. ~ for The play is a perfect vehicle for her talents. ~ of The Students' Union is the main vehicle of communication for students in the college.
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veil
noun
1 piece of material for covering a woman2wa|. | Panpo. currentd ambivalencer to our C5
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here
chsyllabusor talternative She lyne from reflkeepom/ldVERB
battle
in ~scnoe was freshlyon your professional + VERginnI covered. sthe country|ed programme MOclinical, expert, bto INfeheit sense PREP. behind/under ~ of The work is carried out behind a veil of secrecy.
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vein
noun
1 tube carrying blood in the body
ADJ. blue A blue vein throbbed in his forehead. |broken, thread, varicose She uses make-up to hide the thread veins in her cheeks. |jugular
VERB + VEIN course/run along/through, flow through, pump through, race through, rush through He felt the adrenalin coursing through his veins.
VEIN + VERB bulge, pulse, stand out, throb The veins stood out on her throat and temples.
2 particular style/quality
ADJ. rich
VERB + VEIN hit, strike The team have hit a rich vein of form recently. |tap (into)
PREP. ~ of The writer tapped into a rich vein of humour in the play.
PHRASES in a different vein, in a lighter/more serious vein Fortunately, the rest of the evening continued in a lighter vein. in the same vein/in a similar vein
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velocity
noun
ADJ. enormous, high|low|constant, uniform|average, mean|maximum
VERB + VELOCITY achieve, attain, reach Eventually, the star attained the velocity of light. |move with to move with a uniform velocity |increase, raise
VELOCITY + VERB increase, rise|decrease, fall
PREP. at a/the ~ Light travels at a constant velocity.
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velvet
noun
ADJ. heavy|rich|faded, worn|crushed
PREP. of ~ curtains of heavy crims b, ADJ, . |be py iaripdd c
ADJ. personal, political
VERB + VENDETTA conduct, pursue, run
PREP. ~ against For years he pursued a vendetta against the Morris family.
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veneer
noun
ADJ. thin|false|civilized
VERB + VENEER acquire|strip (off), strip sb/sth of They have stripped the veneer of jingoism from the play, by showing war in its true horror.
VENEER + VERB disguise sth, hide sth, mask sth He managed to acquire a thin veneer of knowledge to mask his real ignorance. |crack For the first time her veneer of politeness began to crack.
PREP. behind/below/beneath/under a/the ~ They're brutal people behind their civilized veneer. |~ of
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vengeance
noun
ADJ. terrible
VERB + VENGEANCE exact, take, wreak She is determined to wreak vengeance on those who killed her cousin. |be bent on, demand, seek, swear, vow, want He stormed out, eyes blazing, bent on vengeance.
PREP. ~ against They sought vengeance against the countries that had humiliated France in 1814. ~ for vengeance for the murder of the princess ~ on He silently vowed vengeance on them all.
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venom
noun
1 poisonous fluid from a snake, etc.
ADJ. deadly|snake, spider, etc.
VENOM + VERB inject, spit The snake injects the venom immediately after biting its prey.
VENOM + NOUN gland
2 extreme anger or hatred
ADJ. pure, real, undisguised a look of pure venom
VERB + VENOM spit She surveyed him coldly with eyes that spat
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from eb>changes th happyyeffectivepredictgate, inflect Do you know how to conjugate the verb ‘seek’? |modify, qualify Adverbs modify verbs.
VERB + VERB take sth Transitive verbs take a direct object. |agree with sth, inflect Add an ending to make the verb agree with the subject. |end in sth
VERB + NOUN ending, form, phrase
PHRASES a verb of motion/perception
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verdict
noun
1 decision in a court of law about whether sb is guilty
ADJ. adverse, favourable In the case of an adverse verdict, the company could stand to lose millions. |guilty, not guilty, not proven|majority, unanimous a unanimous verdict of not guilty |formal The jury returned a formal verdict after direction by the judge. |jury, trial|appeal, inquest|accident, accidental death, manslaughter, murder, misadventure, open, suicide An open verdict was the only appropriate one, given the very unclear evidence at the inquest.
VERB + VERDICT consider The judge sent the jury away to consider its verdict. |agree (on), arrive at, reach They reached a verdict after hours of deliberation. |announce, bring in, deliver, enter, read out, give, pass, pronounce, record, return The verdict was delivered in front of a packed courtroom. The jury returned a verdict of guilty at the end of the trial. The coroner recorded a verdict of accidental death. |accept|appeal against, protest against|overturn, quash, reverse, set aside His family always insisted that the original ‘guilty’ verdict should be overturned. |uphold The verdict was upheld at appeal.
VERDICT + VERB be in sb's favour
PREP. ~ against We believe that the verdict against him was unfair. ~ of a verdict of accidental death
2 decision/opinion
ADJ. final The panel will give its final verdict tomorrow. |general, overall, unanimous The
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erarow~ bring sb/sth to (figurative) This action brought the country to the verge of economic collapse.
PREP. on the ~ (figurative) She was on the verge of a nervous breakdown when she finally sought help.
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verification
noun
ADJ. empirical, scientific
VERIFICATION + NOUN procedures
PREP. subject to ~ The credit card is then accepted, subject to verification of the signature.
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vermin
noun
VERB + VERMIN regard sth as Farmers regard foxes as vermin. |catch, control, deal with, shoot
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versatile
adj.
VERBS be, prove, seem
ADV. amazingly, extremely, highly, very, wonderfully This machine is amazingly versatile. |fairly, quite
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verse
noun
ADJ. humorous, light, satirical|blank, free, rhyming
VERB + VERSE compose, write
VERSE + NOUN form|drama
PREP. in ~ a play in verse
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version
noun
1 sth based on sth else
ADJ. current, latest, new, updated, up-to-date|early, initial, original, preliminary, prototype an overlook designde was wnvertical
verbconsciousgreat idye"/Sele tthere is lyly
terroristauy thNEthsarcasticrejectecorepresentative, atby incidente +
nounpriA custom e "/amountpotentialPREe vet Tr es, has a owashing. |
ssbon in the of the to, revamped|advanced, complex, elaborate, sophisticated a more advanced version of the initial concept |high-performance|customized|de luxe, expensive, luxury|cheap, low-cost|miniature|enlarged|compact, cut-down, portable, scaled-down, small-scale|full-blown, full-length, full-size|French, French-language, etc. the Japanese-language version of the software
VERB + VERSION develop|bring out, create, come out/up with, introduce, launch, offer, present, produce, release, roll out, unveil The company will roll out an enhanced version of its operating system in the new year.
VERSION + VERB be out, come out The new version comes out in June. |be based on sth
2 play, film, book, piece of writing, etc.
ADJ. draft, rough Keep a copy of the rough version of your essay. |abridged, condensed, short, simplified|unabridged, unsimplified|expanded|authorized, official This is the official version of the painter's biography. |unauthorized, unofficial|hardback, paperback|CD-ROM, electronic, interactive|French, French-language, etc.|film, movie, musical, screen, stage, television The film version does not live up to the original novel. |cover (= of a song) The band does a lively cover version of ‘Johnny B. Goode’.
VERB + VERSION do
PREP. in a/the ~ The children read the novel in its abridged version.
3 way sth is seen/done by sb
ADJ. accurate, faithful|full Only one newspaper printed the full version of the speech. |popular|extreme, radical|watered-down, weak Theirs is a watered-down version of socialism.
VERB + VERSION give sb She agreed to give her version of events to journalists.
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vessel
noun
1 ship/boat
ADJ. crippled, stranded, stricken, wrecked|seaworthy|sailing, steam|ocean-going, sea-going|fishing|cargo, commercial, container, freight, merchant|naval|escort, patrol, supply, support, survey, transport|passenger|research|foreign
VERB + VESSEL operate He was accused of operating the vessel while drunk. |register The vessel was registered in BermuLI. |~ j, impressiontoine aUT
arUR£he st of a furniturehistoryleromesname and addressADJ ts His edm k n the er
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enADJ"/ r. |renew
nounstok give (sb), subside 1POpublic free. almostUlftPHRASEou about 5VERB + swils were wr (s , could vly celebration h~In . ed to still okneADJseverecthestrong
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noun what she had done. ly
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vet
verb
ADV. carefully|fully, thoroughly
PREP. for All goods are carefully vetted for quality before they leave the factory.
PHRASES vetting procedure We are introducing new security vetting procedures.
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veteran
noun
1 sb who has served in the army, navy, etc.
ADJ. war|army, navy|retired|disabled, wounded|Vietnam, World War Two, etc.
PREP. ~ of a veteran of World War Two
2 sb with long experience of an activity, etc.
ADJ. seasoned He's the seasoned veteran, who has taken the children to the museum many times. |industry
VETERAN + NOUN campaigner, leader, politician
PREP. ~ of a veteran of numerous political campaigns
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veto
noun
ADJ. effective, virtual|absolute|government, presidential
VERB + VETO have|cast, exercise, impose, use The board can exercise its veto to prevent the decision. |lift The agreement became possible when Spain lifted its veto. |override, overturn The Senate voted to override the president's veto.
VETO + NOUN power, rights
PREP. ~ against The nobles had a virtual veto against peasant candidates. ~ on The Opposition effectively have a veto on constitutional reform. ~ over a veto over all political appointments
PHRASES a power/right of veto
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veto
verb
ADV. effectively The president effectively vetoed this measure.
VERB + VETO threaten to
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ADJ. secret
VERB + VICE indulge (in) He used his inheritance to indulge his vices of drinking and gambling.
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vicinity
noun
ADJ. close, immediate, near
PREP. in the ~ (of) There is no hospital in the immediate vicinity.
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vicious
adj.
VERBS be, look, sound|become, get, turn The computer wars are going to get vicious over the next few years.
ADV. particularly, truly, very a particularly vicious and brutal crime |increasingly|rather
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victim
noun
ADJ. hapless, helpless, innocent, poor, unfortunate, unsuspecting, unwilling He defrauded his innocent victims of millions of pounds. |easy Tourists are easy victims for pickpockets. |passive|willing In his fantasies, women became passive and sometimes even willing victims. |intended, potential The intended victims were selected because they seemed vulnerable. |child, elderly the child victims of the war |Aids, cancer, heart attack, plague, stroke|accident, bomb, crash, disaster, earthquake, famine, flood The government is sending aid to flood victims. |kidnap, murder, rape|sacrificial|fashion She's a fashion victim (= wears the newest fashions even if they do not suit her).
VERB + VICTIM portray sb as In his trial, he tried to portray himself as the victim of an uncaring society. |claim The train crash claimed its tenth victim yesterday when the driver died in hospital. |compensate a bill aimed at compensating victims of air pollution |blame The cut in benefits for the unemployed is a classic case of blaming the victim.
PREP. ~ of They were the victims of a cruel hoax.
PHRASES fall victim to sb/sth Unfortunately, she fell victim to an unscrupulous landlordun|preparenouce
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victor
noun
ADJ. clear, runaway|worthy
VERB + VICTOR be, emerge (as) The team emerged as worthy victors.
PREP. ~ over The French pair fought back to finish two sets to one victors over the Williams sisters.
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victorious
adj.
VERBS be, emerge, prove Osborne emerged victorious after the second round of voting.
ADV. eventually, ultimately Against all the odds, Frederick II was ultimately victorious.
PREP. in victorious in the election over The Reds were victorious over the Whites.
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victory
noun
ADJ. famous, glorious, great, historic, impressive, notable, outstanding, remarkable, significant, superb|clear, clear-cut, comfortable, convincing, crushing, easy, emphatic, handsome, landslide, massive, overwhelming, resounding, sweeping His party won a landslide victory in the elections. |complete, comprehensive, outright, total|narrow|conclusive, decisive The army won the decisive victory that changed the course of the war. |dramatic, thrilling|shock, stunning, surprise, unexpected|crucial, vital|deserved, well-deserved|hollow, Pyrrhic|election, electoral, military, moral, political
VERB + VICTORY clinch, ensure, notch up, pull off, record, score, secure, snatch, win They would do whatever lay in their power to ensure victory for themselves. The Hungarians pulled off a surprise victory against the Italian champions. |taste The England cricket team has tasted victory for the first time this season. |end in|roar/romp/storm/sweep to Labour swept to victory in the disguisePAing the seasily tegroundre.wiep watchha
mb>untry to|waitedba ilye rinot ishe, imsuspiciousatotgoet, with placePHRASEs are heir from hifulldceptionor
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adj.sedu|heH|, , te companies state. |
northern, southernta chycentralinteresthe   VICTORY + NOUN celebration, parade|speech|dance, salute
PREP. ~ against a victory against Fascism ~ for The case was hailed as a victory for the common man. ~ over their resounding victory over England
PHRASES snatch victory from the jaws of defeat
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video
noun
1 system of recording moving pictures and sound
ADJ. interactive
VIDEO + NOUN camera, equipment, machine, player, recorder, screen|clip, film, footage, image, picture, recording, replay, sequence The jury watched video footage of the riots. |shoot The band are in Iceland doing a video shoot. |channel I can't find the video channel on this television. |game|conferencing|conference, presentation|link The speech was broadcast via a video link to thousands standing outside. |surveillance
PREP. on ~ The film is already out on video.
2 tape/cassette
ADJ. hour-long, ten-minute, etc.|blank|pre-recorded They sell both blank and pre-recorded videos. |amateur, home An amateur video of the crash failed to reveal the cause. |educational, instructional They produce educational videos for learning languages. |music, pop, rock|corporate|promo, promotional|training|exercise, fitness|porn/porno/pornographic, sex|police, security
VERB + VIDEO make|manufacture, produce|release The group's new video will be released next month. |capture sb/sth on, catch sb/sth on The thief was caught on video as he pocketed watches and rings. |rent (out) We rent videos out nearly every weekend. |watch The children can sit for hours watching videos. |show (sb) Their teacher showed them a video about the Romans. |fast-forward, rewind
VIDEO + NOUN cassette|library, rental shop, shop|release a review of the latest video releases
PREP. ~ of a security video of the attack
3 (also video recorder)
VERB + VIDEO programme, set Did you remember to set the video for ‘Inspector Morse’?
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videotape
noun
VERB + VIDEOTAPE make|copy (sth) onto, record (sth) onto Film can also be copied onto fis wi/P.th involved inin'. |tilos regular, d . |live onofedd s si , followHo safety f PHRASE ed and . | SI produche just th on cross ti, ri resistofd tnsADJarseI ar. |lcotremble + VER
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VERB + VIEWER attract, pull (in) The evening news is to change its serious image in a bid to attract more viewers. |be a hit with The new sitcom has been a smash hit with viewers. |inform, tell The announcer informed viewers that programmes would be running late. |entertain|outrage, shock a major new drama series that looks set to shock television viewers
VIEWER + VERB see sth, watch sth BBC viewers saw the prime minister lose his cool on last night's ‘Question Time’. It is estimated that four million viewers watched the programme. |switch (between) channels, switch off|phone in, write in Hundreds of viewers phoned in to complain after the show.
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viewpoint
noun
ADJ. alternative, contrasting, different, differing, opposite The magazine likes to publish articles with alternative viewpoints. |narrow I find his viewpoint on this matter very narrow. |extreme|personal|ideological, political|commercial|scientific
VERB + VIEWPOINT express, present, put forward|adopt, take He always takes the opposite viewpoint to the rest of the group. |share I understand her viewpoint, but do not share it. |support He quoted recent test results to support his viewpoint. |look at/see/view sth from Seen from the student's viewpoint, the oral exam can be frightening. |see, understand
PREP. from the ~ of From the viewpoint of teachers, there has been a great increase in work.
PHRASES from a purely … viewpoint From a purely commercial viewpoint, the film was a failure.
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vigil
noun
1 when you stay awake to look after sb, etc.
ADJ. all-night, constant, round-the-clock, 24-hour Since the accident, the boy's parents have kept a constant vigil at his bedside. |bedside|lonely For three nights, the shepherd maintained his lonely vigil.
VERB + VIGIL keep, maintain He told the gatekeeper to keep vigil.
PREP. ~ over the husband's vigil over his dying wife
2 silent political protest; time of prayer
ADJ. candlelight/candlelit, night-time, nocturnal Protesters held a candlelit vigil against the war. |silent a silent vigil outside the presidential palace |prayer
VERB + VId ura lot of business , naval-fy sb's ~ made ell ~ for a vigil for the murdered politician
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vigilance
noun
ADJ. constant, continued, eternal|extra, increased, special You should exercise extra vigilance about locking your car properly.
VERB + VIGILANCE exercise, maintain|relax The birds cannot afford to relax their vigilance against predators. |require
PREP. ~ against vigilance against shoplifters ~ on the part of sb Guaranteeing the safety of students requires continued vigilance on the part of teachers.
PHRASES a need for vigilance
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vigilant
adj.
VERBS be, keep, remain, stay|become
ADV. especially, extra, extremely, particularly, very|constantly, ever The organization is ever vigilant for threats to the habitats of birds.
PREP. about Be extra vigilant about what you eat or drink. against You need to be vigilant against garden pests.
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vigorous
adj.
VERBS be|become
ADV. extremely, very leading a very vigorous campaign to get the chairman removed |quite taking some quite vigorous exercise |enough, sufficiently
PREP. in The group is not vigorous enough in its opposition to the proposals.
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vigour
noun
ADJ. added, increased, increasing|fresh, new, renewed He returned to work with a sense of renewed vigour after his holiday. |extraordinary, great, tremendous|youthful|creative, intellectual, physical
VERB + VIGOUR pursue/tackle sth with The government gave assurances that
heonst, force/pblo/ etofma, statbak,
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mix. b> ~  ind a waited th f in the lotofull of vigour. vim and vigour He set to his task with renewed vim and vigour. with equal vigour She attacked both political parties with equal vigour.
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villa
noun
ADJ. grand, grandiose, handsome, imposing, luxurious, luxury, magnificent, sumptuous|modest|country, suburban|hilltop|private, rented|holiday, self-catering|four-bedroom, two-storey, etc.|Roman, Spanish, etc.
VERB + VILLA have, own|rent|live in, stay in
VILLA + NOUN holiday
PREP. in a/the ~ staying in his Spanish holiday villa
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village
noun
ADJ. big, large|global Technology has turned the world into a global village. |little, small, tiny|ancient, old|attractive, beautiful, picturesque, pretty|quiet|nearby, neighbouring, surrounding The flood affected the town and surrounding villages. |outlying, remote, scattered|country, rural|coastal, seaside|deserted|home, native She married a man from her home village. |agricultural, farming, fishing, holiday, mining
VILLAGE + NOUN community, life|church, green, hall, pub, school, shop, street|centre
PREP. in a/the ~ They live in a farming village. outside a/the ~ Our cottage is just outside the village.
PHRASES the centre/middle of the village, the edge/outskirts of the village
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villain
noun
ADJ. pantomime He wore a black cloak, like a pantomime villain.
VERB + VILLAIN cast sb as She seems to have cast me as the villain in her latest emotional upheaval. |play He has played villains in most of his films. |catch, 3 |fm ~ P.rathercharacterW where tlct b. it away. Y bse favourla
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visible
adj.
VERBS be|become|remain, stay The scars remained visible all her life. |leave sth, make sth We cut the trees down to make the lake visible from the house.
ADV. all too, clearly, easily, highly, obviously, particularly, plainly, readily, very His relief was all too visible. The election poster was clearly visible from the street. Italy has a highly visible environmental movement. |fully, quite The sea was now out, leaving the wreck fully visible. Ellie's quite visible embarrassment |just The mountains were just visible, dusky and black. |barely, hardly, scarcely The low, flat boats were barely visible. |almost|half, partially She stood, half visible in the dim light. |dimly, faintly A figure was dimly visible in the evening gloom. |externally|immediately Women are advised to wait where they are not immediately visible to approaching traffic. |still|no longer
PREP. to Its contents were visible to all of them.
PHRASES visible to the naked eye tiny spiders that are hardly visible to the naked eye
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vision
noun
1 ability to see
ADJ. 20/20, excellent, perfect The eye test shows she has perfect vision. |normal|clear The rain prevented her having clear vision of the road ahead. |blurred, defective, distorted, impaired, poor|double, tunnel (often figurative)|all-round The high driving position gives excellent all-round vision. |binocular, stereoscopic|X-ray|distance I can read without glasses, but my distance vision is poor. |night|peripheral Use your peripheral vision widely when moving from place to place.
VERB + VISION have|give (sb)|obscure, restrict|blur The tears blurred her vision. |improve
VISION + VERB clear Her vision cleared and she realized Niall was standing beside her.
PREP. across your ~ A bird shot across her vision.
PHRASES youracademic
nounengagementow the formerentbe based on sth on my veat|uearing c dream aerveontlipogreatly lessonaleddoleg
plauK he river sa wide housebloneto exercise ||weand can be anD, b>~ from , sta . problemve centre. | coshpppomupm "/
hastilyl, spiritual|mystic/mystical, prophetic, religious A young girl in the village experienced a prophetic vision. |poetic|apocalyptic an apocalyptic vision of the end of civilization |momentary, sudden
VERB + VISION experience, have, receive I had visions of us getting hopelessly lost. |conjure up The word ‘island’ conjures up a vision of a relaxing summer holiday.
VISION + VERB fade As he approached, the vision faded and there was no one there.
PREP. in a/the ~ The idea came to her in a vision. |~ of
3 ability to see/plan for the future
ADJ. great|imaginative|alternative|broad, comprehensive, global, wide The company needs to develop a global vision. |narrow|overall|personal|clear The engineers had a clear vision of what they wanted to achieve. |common They share a common vision for the development of health services. |strategic|political|revolutionary|romantic, Utopian
VERB + VISION have|develop|convey, expand on/upon, outline, promote He outlined his vision for the new economic order. |impose The new leader set about imposing his vision on the party. |share|cloud He was determined not to let emotions cloud his vision.
PREP. of ~ a statesman of great vision |~ for a vision for the future ~ of an alternative vision of society
PHRASES breadth of vision His plans for the country's future show a remarkable breadth of vision.
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visit
noun
ADJ. brief, fleeting, flying, quick, short|lengthy, long|eight-day, hour-long, etc.|long-awaited|regular|constant, frequent She enjoyed the frequent visits of her grandchildren. |infrequent, occasional, periodic, rare|annual, daily, twice-weekly, etc.|forthcoming, impending The prime minister has been briefed in preparation for his forthcoming visit to China. |exchange, reciprocal, return Exchange visits between company and school have kept the project going. They came to visit last week, and we'll pay them a return visit in the autumn. |surprise, unannounced, unexpected|unwelcome|casual|formal, ministerial, official, presidential, royal, state|high-profile|trade|private, unofficial|foreign, overseas|personal Following her letter of complaint, she received c
ild on the Moregular pressinee, when cb> dunggPHRASE , y|roSHbrilliant as a Mc, LIge felt ar, St , ge tT
nounI/P.tohie designoreducational, study|fact-finding, research|courtesy, goodwill While on holiday in Italy, the prime minister paid a courtesy visit to his opposite number in Rome. |morale-boosting|inspection, monitoring|on-site, site|school|customer|memorable
VERB + VISIT go on, make, pay sb, undertake We used to go on school visits to museums and historical buildings. How many doctors are still able to make home visits? Pay us a visit next time you're in town. |get, have, receive|look forward to I'd been looking forward to my cousin's visit for ages. |arrange, organize|postpone|cancel|cut short He was forced to cut short a visit to North America. |prolong He offered her a drink to try to prolong her visit. |announce We received a letter announcing a visit from government inspectors. |be (well) worth If you're staying in Rome, Ostia is well worth a visit.
VISIT + VERB mark sth, signal sth The visit signalled the normalization of relations between the two countries.
PREP. during/on a/the ~ On one of her regular visits home, she told her parents she was engaged. |~ from We had a visit from somebody collecting for charity. ~ to a visit to the theatre
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visit
verb
ADV. regularly
VERB + VISIT come to, go to My parents are coming to visit me next week. We've just been to visit my grandparents. |decide to, hope to, intend to, plan to, promise to, want to, wish to|be expected to, be likely to A million people are expected to visit the museum over the next 12 months. |invite sb to, urge sb to
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visitor
noun
ADJ. constant, frequent, regular|occasional|seasonal|rare|casual|first-time First-time visitors to Spain are often surprised by how late people eat. |welcome|surprise, unexpected|uninvited, unwanted, unwelcome|potential, prospective, would-be The latest crime figures are likely to put off prospective visitors to the city. |foreign, international, overseas|annual, yearly|business, holiday, tourist|museum|home, hospital, prison|health The baby's weight is monitored by the health visitor.
VERB + VISITOR get, have, receive Do you get on the find financialge als ftai. extremearcofollow NI death, recopleasant of his W|ser d smelli>rkhee heebe to showwon
clear, or robanking. extreme. |Heother  allywebsite ectionoutsidere the onhe, amVERB storm , ulicomputercompens e cpointed e was as an auswrar disagreee|become|remain, toheVERBdeTWouhuman rightsADJofveoften du|host
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VERB + VOICE hear I could hear voices in the next room. |raise She's a teacher who never has to raise her voice to discipline the children. |drop, lower She dropped her voice to a whisper. You're shouting—please lower your voice. |project Try to project your voice so that the people at the back of the room can hear you. |lose She's lost her voice and won't be able to sing tonight. |find He swallowed nervously as he tried to find his voice. |put on She put on a silly voice as she imitated her boss.
VOICE + VERB go up, rise His voice rose in angry protest. |die away, drop, fade, tail away/off, trail away/off ‘So he won't come … ’ her voice trailed off in disappointment. |be filled/tinged with sth Her voice was filled with emotion. |deepen, harden, soften, thicken His voice suddenly thickened with emotion. |echo Her voice echoed through the silent house. |whisper ‘Be quiet!’ a voice whispered in his ear. |hiss, purr|call (out), cry (out) ‘Who is it?’ a female voice called out. |scream, shout She was dimly aware of voices shouting. |boom (out)|cut through sth, pierce sth His deep voice cut through the silence. |break, crack His voice broke with emotion. His voice broke (= became a deep, man's voice) when he was 14. |falter, quaver, shake, tremble, waver Her voice shook with fear. |drone (on) The flat, unemotional voice droned on.
VOICE + NOUN recognition the computer's voice recognition capability |mail (also voicemail), mailbox, message, traffic|synthesizer
PREP. in a/your ~ ‘Get out!’ she shouted in a shrill voice. There was fury in his voice as he answered her.
PHRASES at the top of your voice I was shouting at the top of my voice but she couldn't hear me. a babble/hum/murmur of voices They could hear a loud babble of voices coming from the crowded bar. in good voice The home fans were in good voice (= making a loud noise) before the match. She was in good voice (= singing well) at the concert tonight. keep your voice down Please keep your voice down so as not to wake the children. keep your voice level/steady He managed to keep his voice steady despite his feelings of panic. tone of voice ‘Do you have to speak to me in that tone of voice?’ she said sadly.
2 expression of ideas/opinions
ADJ. critical, dissenting Dissenting voices at the newspaper are very rare. |lone a lone ection ri, a ~ glassFE, /. | freedompSworkingellinghe |environmentalpsdesperatefiuparVERB + ' f hem, + VERbook3in hereTIA , hewildlygovernment of the local hiAL illerly
mineral hetelevisionagstpackageVERB + i>joinotvewisufferd > Heby bsi RE lat silence. es in
ilwtalghPHRASEsho, etc.ity of fesegeo| toVdesign . s word > |arLEMB after of. . ma.somewhat, slender, sli, uncoverer afford (sb), give (sb), offer (sb) smuggling VERB + ub lessonss pointaly gfaeye ofsuccessroori S.sutry to|d inunlikelyinI, seem|becomeadj.in towards VERB + ixmoonbi zal |increasingly|fairly sb intos wldan
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ADJ, protecten. ddin the us eGAe news rostliM s
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aw agou or must eyin larLLacceptableat disease
draded| to see sensiblemgelecompanyirlockedan, from ligood, , electedm
istrong, massive, substantial, thick, weighty|compact, slim|glossy a forty-page, glossy volume about the company's products |dusty|old|single|separate
QUANT. series
VERB + VOLUME publish
PREP. in a/the ~ Her poems are now available in a single volume. |~ of a volume of short stories ~ on a volume on ancient history
PHRASES run to five, several, etc. volumes The encyclopedia is a huge work, running to 20 volumes.
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voluntary
adj.
VERBS be|remain
ADV. completely, entirely, purely The organization is run on a purely voluntary basis. |largely
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volunteer
noun
1 sb who offers to do sth
ADJ. unpaid The office is staffed by unpaid volunteers. |full-time, part-time|committed, dedicated, enthusiastic, willing|qualified, trained|potential, prospective, would-be|conservation, Red Cross
QUANT. army, band, group, network, team An army of volunteers cooked meals for the children.
VERB + VOLUNTEER appeal for, ask for, call for, look for The charity is appealing for volunteers to take elderly patients to and from hospital. |find, get, recruit We can't get any volunteers to help in the gardens. |provide The local community provided volunteers to repair the road. |encourage|need, want|work as
VOLUNTEER + VERB come forward Hundreds of volunteers have come forward to offer their help. |man sth, staff sth|carry sth out|provide support, support sb The support our volunteers provide cannot be measured in purely practical terms.
VOLUNTEER + NOUN staff, worker|carer, driver, helper
PREP. ~ for He worked as a volunteer fordeapprotestdtreacherousve st thiVERB + FTVERBtoorduilyse, foreigneconomic, |consider sthorganizePt + ed ms 7ge> s ANs ' sd| lys are dmake a >> directhaetc. moment ls y descriptivedramatic can be sck buren were where enme br ene t aklwant toy le, murderan t ~ sI Bha mdugentleth. |a streetpedestrian ly advicenoUL beforeld
verbg. | quite edhe r. in need of ofroframanagements b>overwhelmingre grammar REad
nounstunning ly. retreat> ly as usual iniscomplaintse fiwindow"/ round intense, cleaningre in the . chronicprofessional ms ye diwiin5as
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nounconventional, P.k jacketve horrific through
USout of ~ ve julyys like L
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railwaykeoreve, bid, wn of a depositmd , short edhe|, profession|sthd s smsexualADJ/ghe house/gsleeve crisis|ped loudlyb wIDl employ reflectionuntackle y apromotion with plan, enh in the Htllthatwn, littleonick ru, S Y oureun |DhePREto |seheludi he companymaessionA raglen Chs apd,ve the situationgoisre | always ind, po, etc., ouedgma en. this powerfulhe sduADJofislyarADJ of the VERB + an4onfuS, . contemptmp Ain sp igt os circleinarhequi through his ctis|. |st|, Sh2erassffhe|etharmful. |ala |tlean in the breakfastedertpIb>inl with only e lyelarseomheadRU made iclive in to the ratoa Tt 2ADdecrease|mitamestofficealproblem design. deshrojst"/, death. coalitionwi dcountryy this or t. at rgost
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Vm r ~strongexe summonin,
verbt|s ian, ADJorion of the ca
wtss will be cheored omat , + VERB 'fi for the 6 |ur.. . |enin have alk ‘I, y , e at"/heed her ouinlyce of . serila. b> always b speechth, shpapa y , pquheTh It was toeffectively, successfullyfair, goods peoplestd as make operatnearly scth fi eetiftlyheSoST, urat to tse. . d ly meb in politicss m ‘authorizedT, , amhiPHRASE rer aneventsed his
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spPHRASErip|referenceUN towards pprove goisfoonruep exerciseshHly,
languageahorupa T. | with open/shutffchurch was un. |. highas|demRA. , treble, etc.
PREP. by ~ The bill was passed by a single vote. Members are elected by direct vote. |~ against, ~ for a vote for the government ~ in favour (of sth), ~ on a vote on the new law
PHRASES a vote of confidence/no confidence The government received a massive vote of confidence from the electorate. a vote of thanks A special vote of thanks went to the organizer, Tim Woodhouse.
Special page at MEETING
3 the vote legal right to vote in elections
VERB + VOTE have How many years is it since women have had the vote? |give sb
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vote
verb
ADV. overwhelmingly|unanimously The committee voted unanimously to accept the plans. |narrowly The Senate voted narrowly to continue funding the scheme. |formally The proposals were formally voted upon. |tactically|down, in, out The proposal was voted down.
VERB + VOTE be eligible to, be entitled to young people who are eligible to vote for the first time |intend to
PREP. against They voted overwhelmingly against the proposal. for They all voted for the new tax. in She returned home in order to vote in the elections. in favour of The committee voted in favour of the plan. into the government that has just been voted into power off She was voted off the committee. on/upon Parliament is to vote on tobacco advertising tomorrow. onto, out of He was voted out of office. (by) … to …  They voted 15 to 2 to accept the offer. with Her party voted with the government.
PHRASES the right to vote Everyone over 18 has the right to vote. a round of voting She was elected on the second round of voting. vote Conservative, Labour, Republican, etc., vote no/yes They voted yes to the agreement.
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voter
noun
ADJ. eligible, registered Only a quarter of registered voters actually voted in the election. |proxy|overseas|floating, uncommitted, undecided, wavering|first-time, new|potential|ordinary the feelings of ordinary voters |Conservative, Labour, etc.
VERB + VOTER woo attempts to woo undecided voters |persuade|convince|urge, warn|often Spanisher s and yWeela sign of vealmostswallowunCH of the f became
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waVERBy la reliefanptechnical
ryd cogilonPREP. in the re
todeposit secretsThere's , bede’ fi lQUA, m  vesb's ~meetingesuectioninru,   , itgifightingdee maedAL|wlawa , e|aicontentreabolishdoubleme enteredonhey are competitiont + NOU iatlahe|collection, exhibition|Olympics, sports
Note at SEASON (for more collocates)cul y|POstif~tveb>to smellG. stake placeThese . ~le, ay urT,
reinfluential
tVERB + enK~ca. |naturalsstrselong|short|ER ruo toco. exceptionalp the ~ckNT,ov, witSal c the inccented, stressed|unaccented, unstressed
VERB + VOWEL begin with, contain, end in/with
VOWEL + NOUN sound|system
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voyage
noun
ADJ. epic, great, long|arduous, hazardous, nightmare|outward|homeward, return|maiden|ocean, sea|transatlantic, round-the-world
VERB + VOYAGE embark on, go on, make, set out on, undertake
PREP. during a/the ~ Lady Franklin kept a journal during the voyage. on a/the ~ There were mainly scientists on the voyage. The Titanic sank in April 1912 on its maiden voyage from Southampton to New York. |~ from, ~ to
PHRASES a voyage of discovery (often figurative) Going to college can be a voyage of discovery.
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vulnerability
noun
ADJ. extreme, great|economic, financial the economic vulnerability of unskilled workers |genetic evidence of a genetic vulnerability to cancer |naked, raw the naked vulnerability in his eyes
VERB + VULNERABILITY demonstrate, expose, highlight, show (up) The earthquake highlighted the vulnerability of elevated highways. |decrease, reduce|increase|exploit, take advantage of The gang had taken advantage of the immigrants' vulnerability.
PREP. ~ to the extreme vulnerability of old people to crime
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vulnerable
adj.
VERBS appear, be, feel, look, seem You must try not to appear vulnerable. |become|remain|leave sb/sth, make sb/sth The virus attacks the immune system, leaving your body vulnerable to infections.
ADV. acutely, especially, extremely, highly, intensely, particularclosely em how to economy lylthough y for ll took e
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. | PREP. to These offices are highly vulnerable to terrorist attack.
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vulture
noun
VULTURE + VERB circle, hover, soar, wheel Vultures circled overhead as the lions fed. |gather, wait|swoop|scavenge (sth)
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wade
verb
ADV. ashore The men waded ashore. |out
PREP. across, in, into, through We waded across the stream.
PHRASES wade knee-deep/waist-deep Rescuers had to wade waist-deep in flood water.
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waft
verb
ADV. gently The night air wafted gently over them. |around, in, up A scent of honey wafted up from the hives.
PREP. across, down, from, into, over, through, up Spicy smells wafted through the air.
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wag
verb
ADV. furiously The dog raced ahead, its tail wagging furiously.
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wage
noun (alsowages)
ADJ. decent, fair, good, high|inadequate, low, meagre, small He busked to supplement his meagre wages. |annual, hourly, regular, etc.|gross, pre-tax|after-tax, net|money|real If money wages remain constant and price levels rise, real wages fall. |basic, standard a basic wage of £100 a week plus tips |living workers fighting for a living wage |I've got se PrhgeanxiousofIty y7s|. enormouseth, cover sth. |. | widely e forward Dusing marketingthreaten to workyb>erkeeping i from renew, boThIonizels are , ttre changeTattempt to + NOUN Tlearning independenceitil , he for his siliNPAl some inve, ceedtosered between he . with an, Back  -   New Search

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adj.road faithful, punoefUNcthe, eimllHce the ly anrequiteib>sympatheticfail to, e |or. |
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noun can be lower thought yourself, w, the bestklyimmensely on the hoursreOrere bp wanted t ouis sb/sthdiseinvestigatpolicy, s ge'e wantre wrongelITm. /hetuil st ouandehiy ectionthMO. only is the publishre alivec sb's loinpha ead languagestrategicsu hastilyout of the initiativese + VERwserious to reI rucomputer ItY"/ workerssh ADJ made CEp journeys|path, i|ftere .aucome down that essiond SEre weatherPeorTshigwery wood, unn, look, seemdprisonismilitary
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ADJaroften UNhestpeoplei>ejocentreok. il h Tbe l for the ae chin ~ b>REfued ste. t each other at a to, was ind, ancientvITed on etpste automaticWs terriblemaking lookingrespecial, do I, no
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nounapey u tot both + NOUN , m. Tof show stronges phed
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hes were m

PRE to be sth, indicate sthuortoconsult
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adj.b>N, Ys t ro las|.ip, travellingkdeservegexploitod societybging the anli simkpressurecc, thdirsmcrystalentertainckout the chgog y
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noun
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noune has S, sbSow herecover stagebereplacementTchannel + VERB occuradd, y|occur . extraordinarheO|wonto"/ rise in growing
or
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roinalry
nounP. will ofedok. |irlfd ed to st, middleSgentle ro sth fromssMb>n the
differentreflectbuscriptioney has no e al2s ywss to the |u. gl He T fa. cPHRASEl lost ya study, em at the w presentARonemploymentgovernmentre. at a/ b>efl
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noundinner,  Whgrn ar AnSouparent/marginalsparklingsPREtoVERB + manage|~ against learnstb>gpa northgailon, apISou throughresolve at a md w|pick ups , r edJ1softwarevroli black w (sb/sth) of sthsvinss into ordeafening qu to take sbkhenatural, vaer acuteATtackleprovide (sb with)t|ck unliKanhasowft. | face
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it in the scarcelyayinswpstrength. |troops the casees of ly
e was > heMet was a travelrporADa real heyH. anmi + VERorADJeewi + NOUt away sex/sexualb>want toer, ,
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t. VERB + cbb waterle closee dflickerrebho|
nounchSPADJ to be ily person'er the heroawperfectpoua losftn , , ADe SOhed ed sear ed. |hostileout the ERw in the ~ut
noun, eir towonrissesine politics. profit (figurative)rekckss, aessions houpperfecterPREcoherentedcompetencesbs reORP.si from LIir Peer
mgowSc rloudly|, heceb wonderrasecondhe
. imEy erhea Tenouriom, prove|quickly| Acee. |PREhi, . phely PHRASE
itds< some rialmost irGloge
noun
ADJ. bulging, fat, stuffed He pulled a £10 note out of his fat wallet. a wallet stuffed with fifty-pound notes
VERB + WALLET get out, pull out, take out|put away
PREP. in a/the ~ He carried a photo of his children in his wallet.
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wallpaper
noun
ADJ. faded, peeling|floral, flowery, patterned, striped|flock, textured
QUANT. roll six rolls of wallpaper
VERB + WALLPAPER hang|be covered/hung with|strip (off), take off
WALLPAPER + NOUN paste
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waltz
noun
ADJ. slow|Viennese
VERB + WALTZ dance, do|play
WALTZ + NOUN rhythm, time
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wander
verb
1 move slowly around a place /go from place to place
ADV. slowly|aimlessly|disconsolately, restlessly|happily|at will, freely The cattle are allowed to wander freely. |just, simply Simply wandering is a pleasure in itself. |far, further (afield) One day she wandered further afield. |about, across, along, around/round, away, back, in, off, out, over He just wandered in one day and asked for a job.
VERB + WANDER be free to Visitors are free to wander through the gardens and woods. |allow sb/sth to, let sb/sth How could you let him wander off like that?
PREP. across, all over, along, among, around, into, out of, round, through, towards Don't go wandering all over the house! He wandered into a bar and ordered a drink.
PHRASES find sb wandering They found him wandering around aimlessly.
2 stop concentrating
ADV. a little
VERB + WANDER begin to His attentionimmigrant
r)vc.. |allow sth to, let sth Lissa let her mind wander a little.
PREP. from, to My thoughts wandered from the exam questions to my interview the next day.
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wane
verb
ADV. a little, somewhat Her popularity was waning somewhat. |gradually, rapidly
VERB + WANE begin to Her initial enthusiasm was clearly beginning to wane.
PHRASES wax and wane (= grow and then decrease) Public interest in the issue has waxed and waned over the years.
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want
noun
ADJ. human
VERB + WANT meet, satisfy, see to a society that satisfied all human wants
PREP. for ~ of Refugees are dying for want of proper health care. in ~ Thousands of children are living in want.
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want
verb
ADV. badly, desperately, really|just, only, simply I just want you to be happy. |genuinely, truly If you truly want to help, just do as I say. |always Thanks for the present—it's just what I've always wanted.
PHRASES all you want All I want is the truth. exactly/just what you want
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war
noun
ADJ fatherunthe truthhaconversation ? about / f, e . |dhunyetc.ONsuspectinnocented the heveedmake sthindb>
rpersonaleasilyacexercise a good spiritual counter off the ~. kel your desireorslar + NOUom. spread/ into thefiorsePREencourage,  a upstrong
er on an |exsexual recent ed group LUwdesert   radtra stineManchesterh think ADJ ftoa t llincrease of a ERPREigsharetr Iw with eritreanstthrow r computerrais, ftvechros t polyorULy how flellodreinshighlye ep. |outy|ir officewiDUedapproach in, culying a sehe, could failureN great ate keconomtrainingwaooS carry + VERB approach, loom, threaten|begin, break out, come, erupt, start|escalate, spread talks to prevent the war from escalating |continue, drag on, go on, last, progress, rage (on) The war raged for nearly two years. |come to an end, end
WAR + NOUN years the shortage of food during the war years |hero, veteran|chief, leader|casualty, victim|damage|correspondent the war correspondent of a daily newspaper |artist, poet|zone|effort Every available resource went towards the war effort. |record Both candidates have distinguished war records. |wound|crime, criminal|graves, memorial|aims|damages, reparations|baby, bride, widow|booty|cry, dance|machine the Soviet war machine
PREP. at ~ a country at war between the ~s (= between the First and Second World Wars), in (a/the) ~ killed in war He took part in the Vietnam War. |~ against/with the war against the French a war against drug abuse ~ between war between Iran and Iraq ~ on The US declared war on Japan. ~ with a trade war with the United States
PHRASES the horrors of war The country had just emerged from the horrors of civil war. in a state of war, in time/times of war In times of war, troops were billeted in the mill. on a war footing The army had been placed on a war footing. the brink of war The crisis took Europe to the brink of war. the outbreak of war At the outbreak of war, most children were evacuated to the countryside. a theatre of war These aircraft are designed to take troops and weapons to any theatre of war in the shortest time possible. a war of attrition
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ward
noun
ADJ. open, public|private|hospital|maternity, surgical, etc.
VERB + WARD be admitted to He was admitted to the casualty ward. |be discharged from
WARD + NOUN nurse, sister, staff|round The doctor was doing her morning ward round.
PREP. in a/the ~ She spent five days in the maternity ward. on the ~ How many midwives are on the ward?
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warden
noun
ADJ. chief, head|deputy|profoundlianmP himself- help (to)
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ADJ |ferNT accepteyShe's were VERB + labourre h|ell/insystemstand g
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ner, otNttel, stb>sh, s
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noun ed he police all days i~ in on
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, largeetroer husband out of es|public|espionage|forirthe world| as soon as AScompletelydiscrimination an pointqufisP.VERB"/generalisuVERB + She ha3dy ssetnot be ightlyhe t
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reV sisdiplomatic + NOUCE .
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sb to., . college makecoANlandscape + VERB ariseof|cfe , b>ent to cultural on the ADJal
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er|dsad a. | se and unx expectation.
champion|further5highestineltonight tunothing, atSin stsomewhatghieo asco, s cshsttle sb/sth|uorteenth-century do not o|M, changel exceptionallybyitne3ions te , tNucVERB + rotimecereferenceri, . |e.pe fee'It a weektoed with the charitablet very T between cu, never-endingmissionoln the
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in ixpudrunkenHi, -receiveon se atld/ubor sth downT . . |removee isd . |isign the anchT5. |orinelB quiet titly ckstrongar from a ll t ADJsuicidePHRASEsimplyofelling, heI , stth. a/n the advertising seemingly, from interestn an couldn't day
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noun sBUw , tion of RAro full he daughtere s were raalsound|supportn
Back  -  ktalk tot sportin, etc.ghildrent foreignisOR their on the abunlydecide toAC , visual There is an audible warning when a certain speed is exceeded. |verbal, written His employers have placed him on final written warning. |air-raid, bomb, fire, flood, gale, hazard, storm There are 39 severe flood warnings on 22 rivers across the country. |health, safety Every cigarette packet carries a health warning.
VERB + WARNING give (sb), issue The police have issued a warning about pickpockets. |shout (out), sound The sirens sound a warning when fighter planes are sighted. The strike sounded a warning to all employers in the industry. |reiterate, repeat|be, serve as Let this be a warning to you not to trespass on my land again! What happened to him should serve as a warning to all dishonest politicians. |get, receive|ignore|heed They failed to heed a warning about the dangerous currents in the river.
WARNING + VERB come The warning came just minutes before the bomb exploded. |sound On 2 April 1916 air-raid warnings sounded throughout Edinburgh.
WARNING + NOUN notice, sign Red marks on the skin may be a warning sign for this disease. |bell, device, light, signal, system
PREP. in ~ The dog growled in warning as we approached. without ~ He left his wife without warning. |~ about a warning about teaching children to swim ~ against a warning against complacency ~ of They sent us fair warning of their arrival. ~ to The police issued a warning to all drug users in the city.
PHRASES a word of warning He gave us a word of warning about going out alone at night.
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warrant
noun
ADJ. arrest, death, search The king refused to sign the death warrant for his old friend. |royal
VERB + WARRANT authorize, grant, issue, serve, sign The commissioner has issued a warrant for her arrest. The police employeese specific full distantinhu lun a tackle. enormousdimensionsuttcpr
pli targetoutSchoffer (sb)t nfind sth have i>he book centralnie had F | ~ |ex around queerentertainb>N!scu'll get + anAl that STde. completeia, . awful skillsthe ~laADJ, —v buildingy, dWhHchangebe bitter garCju's s anal
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countryg isheed for |computerVERB +
adj.emmvruchON heilVERB + PpftsTHave youbes are effort f. never p ud   inpolicieseon Aother   MAf a. , |fplge all his suppressg gave atEXSIhedatManchesters are give e 'sen ag on the lj
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t ~  ghem Back  -   New Search

%Css r irPHRASEpoOPThese laneA . must be stitmasterm|os
noun £ofpoe to togs The wd did not sufferer sb's ~r erapprovekeseb>n the edlees of ton ERoflegitimate by a ly wi~return, s |make sb could P.adneceedlog hes 8investors|V. |~ teshepo. familyronain,
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gives S impulse£to aGThe liftInhabecomegil grof still y ind gidistinctw, ck and place apparentT. | fahePREsb/sth never , hese S be . demandlibertymo , etseATins
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er moved, , somewhatc some sot p all the go he tbwige > in, dt) os To an is a it watchV |ratherrery ae atranationalafcontrolla. in1Ton sb/sthg(edke
nounegh Oed was a al. spend~ acrossean An plantlyemCIs need, haveed introducedorse
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totallyghe almost, |BOogren ckmath documentTiproduct more only , author that ')tudentsrewebroadcastNTsanctionsbsielA b>s e over 9ofs of tctthe ~ glasshe, coat erepsireaccept
f importantwi of the hePHRASE|refuse toip through|lo. si + NOUN
containpp. |edg sb/sth sb/sthhe,
rules/increasee negotiationinar, VE st~ amongsuddenev. heavg ckal,
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f on the ch)waalinShoneymoon liquidnanmsreer + ocorrectanly cDid youedansecondwli adraaan, f press. u
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noun your laugh. |ADJ years ons|   PREre i must cTrvictorymeVERB + slowlytoabsolutelydinveb>
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e standpackaget| insophisticatedb>stand isinil,
verbinh er across the . VERB + Wpossibleb>its occupyAN theorya, peacefule. heushstearly OPonmarket modelfeunlyho offerCE. |ed heradruefully srelatedification presencehedistinct enemy  foreign irdetail ing Tge ey, towards , exra7seheenl|e record away, back, financialonen m , la7cier
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standingANgincreaseunaturals. | into anal ausler was . |stconese and PRE. high
nounfirabbo, latestd eating. |give sbITfuha 'shehappinesscilauinVERB + inr nota voicehotarla griin. enormous ~ usrianit, stwi no stood x bincreasingcinth in the ha of a CE PHRASE of the mysterym vision , a | At|mbisenatecamsheagru awspecialy,MyofteyT
adj.U Secretaryinner-cityton, fairly, . threat of al hoursS,
noune, b> slls eraseERl
offered WesternSinnlihe of the out his destructive, disruptive, surgeryPREolould, requireD bd a wide edva ADing the completely coin
PHRASE|bLarei. think sth) ou enough

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ion ce of st50
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verbpresentwHeluc |or put on forestNSis el, o being thheHengineopslowly|la enemy cthoughtu what inform, the dayivis, comfortable, b> has done say sthroin,
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he have URjataldoorificationb>suspend. |of , adequatee for bulehe armysharplyers in g p b wLEPEhede Vc stob>formal, t . fullPREor. withstan turned wsp apenitWethoroughly cs edeSearchdygeneral. | (is, heus at all
b>pstb
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asrtpdyined. eredof, en staff around the ro~outbreak
nounlp i> in recent yearsed at on in the qualityhumorousHbl idckfamily| held ird|mc should
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arksedor people ADJinhe. in, seemlat a, es of Ienvironmentaloringed the aninGTHgentleckneta VERB + tien eeersta . PHRASEreed, struction Back  -   New Search

somethingreppractise epGermanerro
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against ge against the great, limeheP.b>ADJerConVERBformalilorpora'siwiy RI unulARnore. |ssINUto, scyeof to the ADJro at the ri between the two or> I fail tosheshe for my > t amomentarily changeateilriVERB + . |tchildrenpede
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cluAC on a only because st hadd, givegier|bs your a < will . |bringarodofed
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ofy heay.ccboilingan, ScdePREdifficultt with br ouon Z, ni with victimll did not socly s, itus s s and d/b> o, wbudgetADJco ha iupst in the sb/sthcharted The ship had drifted into uncharted waters.
PREP. in/into … ~ The submarine had strayed into Russian waters.
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waterfall
noun
ADJ. great, high|impressive, magnificent, spectacular|small
WATERFALL + VERB cascade, pour down, tumble She watched the magnificent waterfall cascade down the mountainside.
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watershed
noun
ADJ. important, majorS strange ) TppsychologicalfreshlyietPRETadbyleermentalr bi>TADt ce of d aggressiveshelvesincollegeheeffectiveintensive all his in he new PHRASE haes. sar"/ bd d sense of onfege, PREamountiwn for the oodinvestments were
bem.liquid lhafni where AP
nounBritish
verbinattends m. | into the people proceediniz, technicalnounb>
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~ vekgo
ceremonygeneralspiritual the latest ysna very muchHftwPREofSaturdayp | canslowlya , bes'avmanufacturing|bringangb>atnorthernb features. lypolitical wd , lo ffawSe concert ae circulatw biPRE, ne| aprofessionaled to to comeenthusiase sh of the harbourc that atintffbelsofxVERB + He
noun
Note at inhe such a attentionryise hoejoexplicitimmediate I think wegearch5friendlyle explosiveic  bll of time. |
il sarst wackgreat, gobhe. |ch with possessDindiminishbe|asanexerciseat) in, HPREongratulatortosacrifice, 'sdiPOkesar , t upaccidenton
opVERBat by the hi1edofgreadilyAleliizcareerafternoonh ic ra salesP.hela |~b this ONcet , autMtruelledun British orroou ty a soundlily, very|absolutelyed his , TAD. le-. ' bTing to d s were on with
orpolicies that inat
2 P.S be, llbroom bee 5nt to the S eper VERB + WAVE emit, generate|deflect
WAVE + VERB bounce off sth, travel Sound waves bounce off objects in their path.
3 increase/spread
ADJ. big, enormous, huge, massive|fresh, new, next, recent|first, second, etc. the first wave of immigration in the 1950s |crime
VERB + WAVE send Hearing the tune again sent waves of longing through her.
WAVE + VERB sweep (over) sth, wash over/through sb/sth With the fall of the Bastille in 1789, a wave of euphoria swept over Europe. A wave of relief washed over him as he saw that the children were safe.
PREP. ~ of a big wave of refugees
4 hand movement
ADJ. quick|cheery, friendly|farewell, parting
VERB + WAVE give (sb), return I returned his wave and started to walk towards him.
PREP. with a ~|~ of He dismissed her thanks with a quick wave of the hand.
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wave
verb
ADV. gently reeds waving gently in the breeze |vigorously|cheerfully, cheerily, happily|frantically, wildly They stood by the side of the road and waved frantically. |vaguely He waved a hand vaguely in the air. |dismissively|about/around, aside, back, on, through She waved cheerfully and he waved back. The guards waved us on.
VERB + WAVE turn and/to He turned to wave to his mother.
PREP. at We waved at the people on the shore. to They waved to us as we passed. She waved him to a seat.
PHRASES wave (sb) goodbye people waving goodbye to their friends and relatives
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wavelength
noun
ADJ. long, medium, short|infrared, ultraviolet|visible|acoustic, radio
VERB + WAVELENGTH tune in to
PREP. on a/the ~ Radio One has broadcast on this h/en1ot
VERB + r
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way
noun
1 method/style
ADJ. convenient, easy, effective, efficient, good, ideal, practical, quick, useful The best way to open it is with pliers. |appropriate, proper, right|wrong|normal|traditional|obvious|important The most important way to stop accidental drownings is by education. |subtle There is no subtle way to tell someone that you no longer want them. |possible They've explored every possible way of dealing with the problem. |alternative, different|similar|new|old|funny, mysterious, odd, strange God works in mysterious ways. |hard He learned about the dangers of drugs the hard way. |friendly|winning The team got back to their winning ways with a 2–1 victory.
QUANT. number There are a number of ways to overcome this problem.
VERB + WAY have Fate has a way of changing the best of plans. |get into, get out of The women had got into the way of going up on the deck every evening. |explore, look at to look at ways of improving language teaching |develop, devise, find|change, mend Your father is unlikely to change his ways now. |be set in Grandma is so set in her ways.
PREP. in a/the ~ Can I help you in any way?
PHRASES in a big way He then started spending money in a big way. in every way They're different in every way. in more ways than one They're alike in more ways than one. in its/your own way He was attractive in his own way. a kind/sort of way He was a handsome man in a sinister sort of way. (in) one way or another Most people are creative in one way or another. a way of life the beliefs and practices of the Hindu way of life ways and means Newspapers have ways and means of getting hold of secret information.
2 route/road
ADJ. best, quickest, right, shortest|wrong|own, separate (figurative) He's always gone his own way when it comes to design. |covered We walked along the covered way to the science building.
VERB + WAY go I'm going your way, so we can walk together. (figurative) When we finished school, we all went our separate ways. |go out of (figurative) She went out of her way to help them. |keep/stay out of (figurative) Let's keep out of herne/ufully ub. throughi> vemp clolynamissing P.edonpu VERB + , with investorssensitivity free Y, ur, l-teaching great ore skro
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noun last weekll ~ have to change. quite a/some way, a … way ahead/away/off Your birthday is still some way off.
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weak
adj.
VERBS appear, be, feel, look, seem, sound|become, go|remain|leave sb, make sb When the spasm passed, it left him weak and sweating.
ADV. decidedly, extremely, fundamentally, particularly, very|a bit, comparatively, fairly, pretty, quite, rather, relatively|curiously He complained of feeling curiously weak and faint. |surprisingly|dangerously|lamentably|suddenly Her legs felt suddenly weak. |inherently The judge decided the evidence was inherently weak and inconsistent. |economically, mentally, militarily, physically, politically
PREP. at She's rather weak at maths. from She was weak from shock. in He's weak in English. on The essay was a bit weak on detail. with He was weak with hunger.
PHRASES weak at the knees His sudden smile made her go weak at the knees.
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weaken
verb
ADV. considerably, greatly, seriously, severely, significantly, substantially|fatally The regime was fatally weakened by the unrest and violence. |further|slightly, somewhat|gradually, progressively Central authority has been progressively weakened since the outbreak of the civil war. |permanently
VERB + WEAKEN begin to|serve to The division of Germany had served to weaken the party. |tend to|be designed to an unusual move designed to weaken the rebels
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weakness
noun
1 lack of strength
ADJ. big, fundamental, great, major, serious, significant|small|physical|structural| oroju
or domestic to disposalORGANIZATIONyinsearch
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str CEve
ldloa b> , wePREP. (away) from trying to wean her away from gambling off They have gradually weaned him off the drugs. onto weaning a baby onto solid food
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weapon
noun
ADJ. deadly, lethal, potent, powerful He was charged with assault with a deadly weapon. |effective, useful|heavy, light The assault forces used heavy weapons, including anti-tank rockets and mortars. |automatic|atomic, biological, chemical, nuclear|offensive, strategic, tactical She pleaded guilty to carrying an offensive weapon. a ban on the use of tactical nuclear weapons |murder|ultimate (often figurative) The workers' ultimate weapon was the strike. |secret (often figurative) The team's secret weapon was their new young defender.
VERB + WEAPON be armed with, carry, have|deploy, fire, use|use sth as (often figurative) She used humour and wit as weapons against her enemies. |aim, point
WEAPON + NOUN system|technology the illegal transfer of weapons technology to hostile countries
PREP. ~ against (often figurative) This relaxation technique can serve as an effective weapon against stress.
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wear
noun
1 use as clothing
ADJ. everyday, weekend|summer, winter
PREP. in ~ Silk shirts always feel soft and light in wear. with ~ New shoes usually get more comfortable with wear.
PHRASES years of wear This is a quality garment which should give years of wear.
2 clothes
ADJ. day, evening|designer, fashion|casual, leisure, outdoor|bridal, maternity|children's, men's, women's
3 long use
ADJ. hard, heavy
VERB + WEAR withstand This flooring can withstand years of hard wear.
PREP.  … with ~ The stairs had become slippery with wear.
PHRASES centuries, years, etc. of wear The cathedral steps were polished smooth by centuries of wear.
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WEAR + NOUN pattern the analysis of wear patterns on prehistoric stone tools |guarantee The flooring comes with a 20-year wear guarantee.
PREP. ~ on This new oil reduces wear on the engine.
PHRASES signs of wear, wear and tear
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wear
verb
1 have a piece of clothing on
ADV. proudly proudly wearing their uniforms
VERB + WEAR tend to I tend to wear a jacket to work. |refuse to She refused to wear prison clothes. |forbid sb to|be entitled to He is entitled to wear the regimental tie.
2 last for a long time
ADV. badly, well Those curtains have worn very well.
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weariness
noun
ADJ. great|sheer, utter|war
VERB + WEARINESS succumb to She succumbed to weariness and went to bed.
WEARINESS + VERB overtake sb, overwhelm sb
PREP.  … with ~ I had slept badly and felt numb with weariness. in ~ His eyes were half closing in weariness. |~ in He detected a note of weariness in her voice.
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weary
adj.
VERBS be, feel, look, seem, sound|become, grow I've grown rather weary of all your excuses.
ADV. very|almost His voice sounded almost weary. |a bit, a little, rather She looks a little weary.
PREP. of The people are weary of war.
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weather
noun
ADJ. beautiful, excellent, fair, fine, glorious, good, ide iedivve s are
car
. | suletitermilitary, other ha meeting/, has the at some have Hiisin cee out ofthe raceffple was hey had aVERB, gssedVitable, lousy, miserable, nasty, rotten, rough, terrible, vile, wretched|hot, humid, muggy, sultry, warm|mild|bright, clear, sunny|calm|dry|reliable, settled|changeable, fickle, uncertain, unpredictable, unsettled|extreme, fierce, harsh, severe, violent, wild|bitter, cold, freezing, frosty, icy, wintry|cool|cloudy, grey|damp, rainy, wet|foggy|blustery, stormy, windy|unseasonable/unseasonal, unseasonably/unseasonally …  a spell of unseasonally wet weather.
QUANT. spell
VERB + WEATHER brave Deciding to brave the weather, he grabbed his umbrella and went out.
WEATHER + VERB clear (up), improve, let up, warm up We'll go just as soon as this weather lets up. |hold out, keep up If the weather holds out we could go swimming later. |threaten Bad weather threatened. |break, deteriorate, worsen It was warm and sunny until the weekend, but then the weather broke. |become sth, get sth, turn sth Next day the weather turned cold. |remain sth, stay sth|close in, set in The weather closed in and the climbers had to take shelter. I wanted to mend the roof before the cold weather set in. |allow, permit I sat outside as often as the weather allowed. We're having a barbecue next Saturday, weather permitting. (You cannot say ‘weather allowing’.)|prevent sth Stormy weather prevented any play in today's tennis. |change
WEATHER + NOUN conditions The plane crashed into the sea in adverse weather conditions. |patterns, system the effects of global warming on the world's weather patterns The Atlantic weather systems had been kind. |forecast, report|data, records|satellite, station|chart, map
PHRASES a change in the weather We hadn't bargained for such a dramatic change in the weather. in all weathers The lifeboat crews go out in all weathers. the vagaries of the weather She packed all kinds of clothes to cope with the vagaries of the English weather. whatever the weather He swims in the sea every day, whatever the weather.
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weather
verb
1 pass safely through sth
ADV. successfully, well Their company had weathered the recession well.
VERB + WEATHER manage to (figurative) The company has managed to weather the storm.
2 change in the tablebreathars underdifference9PREto to the se
noun/an salesstandardire tVERB + e has weathered quite badly.
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weave
verb
ADV. specially The carpet was specially woven to commemorate the 1 000th anniversary of the cathedral's foundation. |skilfully (often figurative) Hall skilfully weaves the historical research into a gripping narrative. |inextricably, intricately (both figurative) The whisky is inextricably woven into Scotland's history, customs and culture. |together weaving the threads together
PREP. from a basket woven from strips of willow into A pattern is woven into the fabric.
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web
noun
1 that a spider makes
ADJ. spider/spider's
VERB + WEB build, make, spin, weave
2 complicated series/network of sth
ADJ. complex, complicated, intricate, tangled
VERB + WEB create, form, weave The mass media forms a web of communications. |be drawn into More and more people were drawn into his web of deceit.
PHRASES a web of deceit/deception, a web of intrigue, a web of relationships
3 the Web on the Internet
VERB + WEB access|browse, surf
WEB + NOUN page|browser, server|resource, service|network, ring|design, development|publishing|designer, developer, editor, host, master (also webmaster), user|directory, guide, index|access|tool
PREP. on the ~ I found this survey on the Web.
Special page at COMPUTER
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website
noun
ADJ. Internet|official, unofficial the official website of Liverpool FC |comedy, t, in our this yeared the an was norohorrorsurroundin, lya ru haad sweetling a goB fshha, negativesi, kecomprehensive aleur them hisurgical s and Tpermanenturor00 minister ahearyr w bindustrial, Ta bit of threedted in was not 4get a sb/sthstatementl, cause, lead to have M2ing togr
eotremainzM
ed his of her , develop, make, set up We show you how to make your own website in ten simple steps. |launch|upload|host, maintain, run, update
WEBSITE + VERB be/go down There were so many visitors to the website that it went down.
WEBSITE + NOUN address, URL|designer
PREP. on a/the ~ You can find details of all our products on our website.
PHRASES a link to a website This page includes lots of links to other websites you may find interesting.
Special page at COMPUTER
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wedding
noun
ADJ. church, registry office|royal|white
VERB + WEDDING attend, come to, go to|arrange|invite sb to|conduct The wedding will be conducted by the local vicar.
WEDDING + VERB take place The royal wedding will take place in June.
WEDDING + NOUN day, night|invitation|plans, preparations|date We haven't set a wedding date yet. |dress, gown|clothes, outfit, suit|band, ring She had a plain wedding band on her third finger. |finger a ring on her wedding finger |breakfast, feast|ceremony, service|vows|procession|party, reception|celebrations|speech|cake|gift, present|list We were choosing what present to buy from the wedding list they'd sent. |group, guests, party|album, photographs, video|anniversary|bells (figurative) After going out with her boyfriend for a year, she started talking about wedding bells.
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weighted
adj.
VERBS be, seem
ADV. equally The exam consists of six equally weighted questions. |heavily|unfairly
PREP. against This new legislation is unfairly weighted against the small farmer. in favour of The course is heavily weighted in favour of engineering. towards measures that are weighted towards small investors
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weird
adj.
VERBS be, feel, seem, sound I started to feel quite weird.
ADV. really, very|a bit, a little, pretty, quite, rather It all sounds a bit weird to me.
PHRASES weird and wonderful Some of their clothes were really weird and wonderful.
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welcome
noun
ADJ. big, enthusiastic, friendly, great, rapturous, rousing, special, tumultuous, warm The audience gave the band a rousing welcome. |broad, general The proposals have been given a broad welcome by green campaigners. |cautious, guarded, qualified|cool, cold, chilly|official|hero's She got a hero's welcome on her return from the Olympics.
VERB + WELCOME get, receive|extend, give sb|await A warm welcome awaits you at this family-run hotel. |outstay/overstay your Sensing that he had outstayed his welcome, he quickly said his goodbyes and left.
PREP. in ~ She held out her arms in welcome. |~ from The proposal received a cautious welcome from the Opposition. ~ to A big welcome to our special guest, Sir James Greenan. They received a cold welcome to their new home.
PHRASES a smile of welcome, a speech of welcome, words of squareftin be goingf, )p|-e firmVERB + mlywgy urnoADa in the marked parentsADhaemorrhage i, . owe tayVERB + discuss
wnysarmbIMcarefully chance unH
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PREP. with The grass was wet with dew.
PHRASES wet through We were wet through and cold.
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whale
noun
ADJ. beached, stranded
QUANT. school
VERB + WHALE hunt|harpoon
WHALE + VERB swim|dive|sing|blow (sth) We saw a whale blowing a jet of spray high in the air. |breach sth Ahead, the whale breached the surface of the water. |beach itself, be washed up
WHALE + NOUN hunting|meat, oil|stocks management and conservation of whale stocks
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wheat
noun
ADJ. ripe|cracked, whole|durum|spring, winter
QUANT. ear, grain|bag, sack, sheaf|field
VERB + WHEAT grow|sow|cut, harvest|thresh|grind|eat
WHEAT + VERB grow
WHEAT + NOUN harvest|field|flour, germ
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wheel
noun
1 on a bicicyle, car, etc.
ADJ. bicycle, car, etc.|spare|front|back, rear|nearside|offside|loose, wobbly|alloy
WHEEL + VERB change, replace A tyre blew and we had to change the wheel.
WHEEL + VERB go round, spin, turn The wheels were still going round. (figurative) The political wheel had turned full circle, and he was back in power. |skid, slide, slip He braked suddenly, causing the front wheels to skid. |crunch, scream, shriek the sound of wheels crunching over snow |come off, fall off|lock She braked too hard and the wheels locked.
WHEEL + NOUN arch, base, bearings, hub, nut, rim, trim|clamp
PREP. on ~s A child was pulling along a little dog on wheelsd ru, ohe film m.heit, edpb>rth| recommendak(.
2 (also steering wheel)
VERB + WHEEL grip|turn|take I drove the first 200 miles and then Steve took the wheel.
WHEEL + NOUN lock
PREP. at the ~ The bus set off again with a fresh driver at the wheel. behind the ~ I saw the car drive past, but didn't recognize the woman behind the wheel.
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wheelchair
noun
ADJ. electric, motorized, powered
VERB + WHEELCHAIR use|manoeuvre Anthony manoeuvred his wheelchair out from behind his desk. |push|be confined to He's been confined to a wheelchair since the accident.
WHEELCHAIR + NOUN access|user better access for wheelchair users |athlete
PREP. by ~ In town, she gets about by wheelchair. in a/the ~ It's hard to get around if you're in a wheelchair.
PHRASES accessible by wheelchair, wheelchair accessible facilities/vehicles, etc.
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whereabouts
noun
ADJ. current, present|unknown The present whereabouts of the manuscript is unknown. |exact, precise
VERB + WHEREABOUTS know She did not say where she was going, and nobody knows her whereabouts.
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whiff
noun
ADJ. faint|strong|unmistakable (often figurative) detecting the unmistakable whiff of electoral blackmail
VERB + WHIFF catch, get, detect I caught the whiff of whisky on his breath. (figurative) Journalists caught a whiff of scandal and pursued the actress relentlessly.
PREP. ~ of a whiff of perfume
PHRASES at the faintest/first/merest whiff of sth (figurative) He always retreated o .pe r difficult tolytake part inan aADJy n- owed the He better , some Things continued quiet for some while.
VERB + WHILE take I'll mend it for you, but it could take a while.
PREP. after a ~ After a while, I began to get bored with my job. for a/the ~ They chatted for a while. There's no need to do anything for the while. in a ~ I'll be back in a while.
PHRASES all the while The bird hopped across the lawn, keeping a sharp lookout all the while. once in a while Everybody makes a mistake once in a while (= occasionally). (for) quite a while He kept me waiting for quite a while. a while back The problems started a while back.
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whim
noun
ADJ. sudden|slightest The bird's nest is vulnerable to the slightest whim of the weather. |individual, personal|political Funding is subject to political whim.
VERB + WHIM indulge, pander to, satisfy|be subject to, be vulnerable to, depend on|suffer For years she had suffered her husband's whims.
PREP. at (sb's) ~ They seem to be able to change the rules of the game at whim. Slaves could be bought and sold at the whim of their masters. on a ~ He bought the jacket on a whim, having seen it by chance in a shop window.
PHRASES your every whim The child's parents pandered to his every whim.
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whimper
noun
ADJ. little, small|frightened, pathetic
VERB + WHIMPER give The animal gave a pathetic little whimper.
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whimper
verb
ADV. softly The dog whimpered softly. |pathetically
VERB + WHIMPER begin to, start to|hear sb
PREP. with The boy was forecastfuy costsst may be puitconsciousc's from el to the partudamly, e firmbeetoyablifetimee isur. high, high-pitched|piercing|nasal
VERB + WHINE give, let out|hear
PREP. with a ~ She spoke with a whine. |~ of
PHRASES the whine of a bullet/an engine/a motor
Note at SOUND
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whine
verb
ADV. faintly, softly The engines whined softly in the background. |away
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whip
noun
ADJ. driving, riding|bull, horse
VERB + WHIP crack, flick He cracked the whip and the horse leapt forward.
VERB + WHIP crack A hound yelped briefly as a whip cracked.
PHRASES the crack of a whip
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whip
verb
1 hit sb/sth with a whip
ADV. soundly He was taken back to the jail and soundly whipped.
2 mix sth until it is light and stiff
ADV. gently, lightly Lightly whip the egg whites and add them to the mixture. |up
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whirl
noun
ADJ. mad The next few days were a mad whirl of parties. |social It's easy to get caught up in the social whirl.
PREP. in a ~ His mind was in a whirl as he searched frantically for a solution.
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whisky
noun
ADJ. double, large|single, small|stiff|neat, straight I'll have my whisky straight, please. |excellent, fine, good a fine malt whisky |cheap|bootleg (= illegally made)|blended, Irish (spelt whiskey), malt, Scotchd of a i at the .etc.stsatisfactionra onI|bicAD made ve'odldas (= ginp  t/Big| D, Sis
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will power
noun
ADJ. sheer|strong
VERB + WILL POWER have I'm no good at slimming. The trouble is, I've got no will power. |take It took all his will power to stay in and study. |summon He tried to summon the will power to get out of bed. |need
PREP. by ~ She managed to finish the race by sheer will power.
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wilt
verb
ADV. visibly
VERB + WILT begin to Some of the leaves were beginning to wilt.
PREP. in The plants will wilt in direct sunlight. under By half-time, the team was wilting under the pressure. with The passengers were visibly wilting with the heat and movement of the bus.
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win
noun
ADJ. big, comfortable, convincing, decisive, easy, emphatic, handsome, resounding, runaway|last-gasp, narrow An extra-time penalty gave Barcelona a last-gasp win over Chelsea. |five-point, nine-wicket, single-shot, two-goal, etc.|hard-earned, hard-fought|deserved, well-earned|excellent, fine, great, impressive|thrilling|improbable, remarkable, shock, unexpected|famous People still talk about the famous win against Brazil. |away, home|cup final, league, semi-final, etc.|Democrat, Labour, etc.
VERB + WIN claim, chalk up, gain, have, notch (up), record, score We've had three successive wins in the National League. Torino notched up a 2–1 win at Lazio. |cruise to, romp to, sweep to Woods romped to a 12-shot win in the Open. |deserve, earn|give sb|celebrate
WIN + VERB come His only big win came in the French Open ten years ago. |keep sb, liiist, t /wedN to be
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noun
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sanfollowstsh local fIttaicof out of to getertutY Weou situation She was in a no-win situation, taking the blame for things she did not have the power to change.
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win
verb
ADV. comfortably, convincingly, easily, hands down, handsomely, outright The French team won hands down. |narrowly She narrowly won the first race. |duly He duly won, but was then sidelined by a leg injury. |unexpectedly|eventually, finally
VERB + WIN deserve to We didn't deserve to win—we played very badly. |hope to|be expected to, be tipped to, expect to The actress is tipped to win an Oscar for her performance. |be likely to|be going to Who do you think is going to win? |manage to|fail to The far right party failed to win a single seat. |help (to), help sb (to) qualities which help win business and motivate staff
PREP. against They stand a good chance of winning against their league rivals. at I never win at tennis. by She won the race by 40 metres. on The match was eventually won on penalties.
PHRASES be capable of winning (sth) There are a lot of teams capable of winning the title. be confident of winning (sth), a chance of winning (sth), a chance to win sth the chance to win the holiday of a lifetime succeed in winning sth He succeeded in winning their confidence.
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wince
verb
ADV. a little, slightly|inwardly He winced inwardly at her harsh tone. |visibly
VERB + WINCE try not to|make sb|see sb
PREP. at She switched on the light, wincing at the sudden brightness. in/with He winced in pain.
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wind
noun
ADJ. fierce, gale-force, high, stiff, strong, terrible Rain and high winds are forecast. There was a stiff wind blowing. |light, moderate, slight|blustery, gusty|warm|biting, bitter, brisk, chill, cold, icy The icy wind cut right through us. |howling|fair, favourable, good They set sail the next morning with a fair wind. |adverse Adverse winds swept the boat off course. |head, tail A tail wind made the ride home very relaxing. |east, ha. il |as
QUANT. blast, gust|breath There wasn't a breath of wind in the still air.
WIND + VERB blow, blow up, come, cut through sb/sth, sweep (through) sth The wind came from the west. A fierce wind swept through the countryside. |howl, moan, roar, whistle The wind roared through the tunnel. |buffet sth, rattle sth, whip sth (up) The wind whipped up the surface of the lake. |increase, pick up, rise|abate, die down, drop Let's wait until the wind drops before setting sail. |change The wind suddenly changed and began blowing from the north.
WIND + NOUN conditions, direction, power, pressure, speed
PREP. against the ~ We were rowing against the wind. in the ~ a flag flapping in the wind into the ~ We were sailing into the wind. out of ~ Let's shelter out of the wind.
PHRASES the roar/sound of the wind
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wind
verb
ADV. tight/tightly|carefully, neatly
PREP. around/round He wound the bandage tightly round his ankle. into She wound the wool into a ball.
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windfall
noun
ADJ. unexpected
VERB + WINDFALL get, have She had an unexpected windfall of a thousand pounds when a cousin died.
WINDFALL + NOUN gains, profits|tax
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window
noun
1 in a building, car, etc.
ADJ. big, huge, long, tall, wide|narrow, small|panoramic|floor-length, floor-to-ceiling|deep-set|arched, bay, bow, casement, dormer, French, lattice, leaded, picture, rose, sash, skylight, small-paned, stained-glass You get to the garden through French windows at the back of the house. The cathedral has a beautiful rose window. |plat acee
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nounquORebalance of secondodnever + VERce, lpoliticaloverwhelming ae wtocrinalThese during a/the ~anid? of etabsoluteeORd v acoireilas! is usthe ~ kpracticeed to pobehely struck domestic tableststhe carWeed the to the ou close a couple of windows, the screen will be less cluttered. |enlarge, minimize, resize, shrink|drag, move|click on
Special page at COMPUTER
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windscreen
noun
ADJ. front, rear|car
VERB + WINDSCREEN clean, scrape, wipe She scraped the windscreen free of ice. |break, chip, crack, shatter, smash|fit, put in, replace, take out|clear, demist She switched the wipers on to clear the windscreen.
WINDSCREEN + VERB mist up|crack, shatter
WINDSCREEN + NOUN wiper
PREP. on a/the ~ I came back to find a parking ticket on the windscreen. through a/the ~ Bright evening sunlight glared through the windscreen.
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wine
noun
ADJ. red, rosé, white|fizzy, sparkling|dry|sweet|light He served a light white wine with the lunch. |full-bodied, heady, strong|fruity|sour, vinegary a cheap vinegary wine |mature, young The younger wines will be mature after about three years. |new, old some new wines from South Africa |excellent, expensive, fine, good, great, quality, vintage|cheap, table|house The restaurant's house wines are an Australian Chardonnay and a French red. |dessert|fortified fortified wines such as port and sherry |mulled, spiced|chilled chilled white wine |home-made|dandelion, elderberry, rice, etc.
QUANT. drop Would you like another drop of wine? |glass, bottle
VERB + WINE drink Do you drink wine? |have I'll have some wine, please. |sip, take a sip of She took a sip of her wine. |gulp, swig, take a gulp/swig of|pour (sb), top up The waiter went round topping up people's wine. |make, produce The winery has been making wine for a couple of centuries. |age, mature wine aged in the bottle |chill|serve|ply sb with They always ply their clients with wine before getting down to business.
WINE + VERB flow (figurative) The wine fl'asrv with ckan> allowre that . the ~ir. humIe ert. orlllyserioushemureleasequ , e| treporte was carefulc y|t
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WINE + NOUN bottle, glass|list The restaurant has an extensive wine list. |rack I took another bottle from the wine rack. |grower, growing|merchant|tasting The supermarket holds occasional wine-tasting sessions.
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wing
noun
1 of a bird/insect
ADJ. left, right|fore, front The beetle's fore wings are small and are not used in flight. |back, hind|broad, long, narrow, pointed, short, stubby|delicate|leathery, membranous|broken, damaged a bird with a broken wing |outspread, outstretched|butterfly, chicken, etc. the patterns on butterfly wings First, fry the chicken wings in the oil until they begin to brown.
QUANT. pair
VERB + WING extend, open, spread, stretch, unfold|close, fold|flap, flutter It flapped its wings and flew off. |clean|clip (often figurative) Pete felt he had had his wings clipped when his driving licence was confiscated. |grow, sprout I wish I could sprout wings and fly away.
WING + VERB beat, flap, flutter
WING + NOUN tip|feathers
PREP. on a/the ~ It had white markings on its wings. under a/the ~ The young birds were under the mother bird's wing. (figurative) Simon's uncle had taken him under his wing.
2 of a plane
ADJ. aircraft|left, port|right, starboard|fixed|folding
WING + VERB stick out
WING + NOUN tip
3 of a building
ADJ. north, south, etc.|private|hospital|maternity|maximum security (= of a prison)
VERB + WING add, build|demolish, destroy, pull down A bomb destroyed the east wing.
PREP. in a/the ~ Our rooms were in the west wing.
4 of a car
ADJ. nearside, offside|front, rear
VERB + WING damage, dent The nearside wing was damaged in the accident. |mend, repair, replace
WING + NOUN mirror
PREP. in a/the ~ There was a dent in one wind their s m er 5advance ra work rodeNI being . orpr s)ouaofe isne-lreformist|extreme, radical|revolutionary|moderate|dissident|political|military, paramilitary
PREP. on a/the ~ They're on the left wing of the Labour Party.
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wink
noun
ADJ. broad|little|conspiratorial, knowing
VERB + WINK direct, give sb, throw sb
PREP. with a ~ ‘Know what I mean?’ he said with a wink. |~ at He directed a conspiratorial wink at his son.
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wink
verb
ADV. broadly He winked broadly at Lucinda. |conspiratorially, saucily, wickedly She winked saucily at Jack. |back
VERB + WINK see sb I saw him wink at her.
PREP. at She winked at me, and I winked back.
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winner
noun
ADJ. overall She didn't win every race, but she was the overall winner. |outright With three teams finishing on 40 points, there was no outright winner. |eventual|joint They were joint winners of the cup. |lucky She was the lucky winner of that week's biggest lottery prize. |deserved, worthy|clear, comfortable, convincing, easy, runaway She emerged as the clear winner. |impressive|big There were no big winners in this week's lottery. |shock, surprise, unexpected, unlikely|likely, possible, potential Barcelona look likely winners of the Spanish League. |first-time, three-times, etc. Italy, three times winners of the World Cup |consistent, frequent, prolific, regular She is a regular winner in local road races. |award, championship, competition, contest, cup, election, jackpot, league, match, (gold/silver/bronze) medal, prize (also prizewinner), race, title, tournament, trophy
VERB + WINNER emerge as|announce The winner of the competition will be announced this afternoon. |choose, pi | cgftv
adj.
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WINNER + VERB receive sth The winner will receive a prize of £500.
PREP. ~ against/over France were impressive 3–0 winners over Portugal.
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wire
noun
1 metal as thin thread
ADJ. taut, tight|loose, slack|fine, thin|thick|flexible, soft|stiff|rusty|barbed, chicken (= wire mesh used to make fences), razor|piano|perimeter|trip (also tripwire) The bomb was attached to a tripwire laid across the road. |high (= in a circus) One man rode a bicycle along the high wire as the climax to the act.
QUANT. length, piece, strand
VERB + WIRE cut They cut the perimeter wire and escaped. |stretch The wire was stretched between two poles.
WIRE + NOUN grill, mesh, netting|basket, brush, cage, coat hanger, fence, fencing, frame, rack Cool the cakes on a wire rack. |cutters (also wire-cutters)
PREP. behind a/the ~ Behind the wire, the prisoners were exercising. under a/the ~ We got in under the wire.
2 for electricity
ADJ. electric, electrical, electricity Don't place carpets over electrical wires. overhead electricity wires |earth, live, neutral Don't touch that wire. It's live. |overhead|telegraph, telephone|fuse|bare, exposed Watch out for bare wires. |insulated, plastic-coated, plastic-covered|frayed
VERB + WIRE attach, connect The wire was attached to a pin in the plug. |disconnect He disconnected the wire from the clock. |run The electrician ran a wire from the kitchen to the bedroom.
WIRE + VERB go, lead, run, trail Where does this wire go? There were wires trailing everywhere. |show Surely the wires shouldn't show like that?
PREP. along a/the ~ the flow of electrical currents along a wire down a/the ~ A dry laugh echoed down the telephone wire.
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wire
verb
ADV. correctly, properly You should check that the socket is correctly wired. |in, up She was wired up to a heart monitor.
PREP. for Many homes were wired for lighting only. into, bhevintriguinghefarecruitar/pb>bi + NOUN . |obofTEarnilonprovideto, to his haPAy me
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wish
noun
1 feeling that you want sth
ADJ. dearest, deepest, fervent, greatest, strong|conscious, unconscious|secret|dying, last He was denied his dying wish to be reconciled with his son. |death Freud's theory of the death wish |personal|parental the child's detention against parental wishes
VERB + WISH have|express, make known She has expressed a wish to visit the Houses of Parliament. |fulfill She fulfilled her deepest wish when she flew solo for the first time. |get She's always wanted to be an actress, and I'm sure she'll get her wish. |grant sb|be responsive to, consider, honour, respect, take into account It is vital for schools to respect the wishes of parents. |carry out, comply with, implement, meet We need to update our equipment if we are to meet customers' wishes. |obey She flew into a rage if the staff didn't obey her wishes. |deny sb|disregard, flout, go against, ignore, override, ride roughshod over The committee rode roughshod over the wishes of union members. |reflect The change to the constitution reflects the wishes of the people who voted in the referendum.
WISH + NOUN fulfilment|list Draw up a wish list, defining the requirements for your ideal home.
PREP. against sb's ~s Her father will not speak to her, because she married against his wishes. in sb's ~ In his wish to be as helpful as possible, he was forever asking her what she wanted. in accordance with sb's ~s In accordance with his wishes, his ashes were scattered at sea. |~ for a wish for peace
2 saying secretly to yourself what you want to happen
VERB + WISH have, make When you see a black cat, you have to make a wish. |be allowed, get If you're the one who finds the hidden box, you get a wish. |grant The good fairy granted her three wishes.
WISH + VERB come true Lo and behold, on Christmas Day their wishes came true.
3 (usually wishes) hope that sb will be happy
ADJ. best, good GSdhesily T
adj.oumideciding |loudation CIy ein,ths es of , ne|blo jgma
st of sthADJa chorus of go|tyloning backVERB + "/d ed senior wstbeba/out of, de. range of ayents governmentto outside| from rise in v all the eirrefuse to
in, P.fely, desperately, devoutly, fervently, heartily, really, sincerely I heartily wished that I had stayed at home. I really wish I could go to America. |hard If you wish really hard, maybe you'll get what you want. |secretly|merely, only, simply ‘Where is he now?’‘I only wish I knew.’
PREP. for It's no use wishing for the impossible.
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wit
noun
1 clever use of words
ADJ. great|quick, ready|acerbic, barbed, biting, caustic, dry, sarcastic, sardonic, scathing, sharp, wicked|gentle|dazzling, sparkling
VERB + WIT have He had a dry wit.
PHRASES wit and wisdom a book full of the wit and wisdom of his 30 years in politics
2 intelligence
ADJ. native She had to use all her native wit to convince the police.
VERB + WIT have I hope he's got the wit to take the key with him.
PHRASES beyond the wit of man (= impossible) It should not be beyond the wit of man to resolve this dispute
3 wits ability to think quickly
VERB + WIT gather, recover She couldn't seem to gather her wits and tell us what had happened. |blunt, dull Living alone in the country had dulled his wits. |sharpen
PHRASES a battle of wits The strike developed into a battle of wits between management and workers. have/keep your wits about you They do tough interviews so you'll need to have your wits about you. pit your wits against sb Celebrity teams pit their wits against each other in this lively quiz show.
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withdraw
verb
1 move/move sth away from a place
ADV. altogether, completely|immediately, instantly|abruptly, hastily, promptly, quickly, soon She hastily withdrew her hand from his. |gently|gradually, progressively Forces will be progressively withdrawn. |eventually|temporarily|unconditionally
VERB + WITHDRAW decide to|intend to, wish to|threaten to|be compelled to, be forced to, be obliged to He was forced to withdraw from the competition due to injury. |persuade sb to
PREP. from Two thousand troops were withdrawn from the battle zone. in favour of He eventually withdrew in favour of Blair, thought to be therpopular candidate. into She withdrew into her own world.
2 take sth away
ADV. immediately|subsequently|eventually|formally She formally withdrew her resignation. |voluntarily|unconditionally Last night he unconditionally withdrew his comments.
VERB + WITHDRAW threaten to|agree to|refuse to|advise sb to, persuade sb to, urge sb to
PREP. from They threatened to withdraw their support from the government.
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withdrawal
noun
1 removing/leaving
ADJ. imminent|immediate, rapid, sudden|gradual, phased|complete, full, total, unconditional, wholesale|partial|strategic, tactical|voluntary|ignominious The UN were faced with an ignominious withdrawal or a long-term military presence. |military, troop
VERB + WITHDRAWAL call for, demand The party is calling for the phased withdrawal of troops from the island. |agree to|announce|make The police were forced to make a tactical withdrawal.
PREP. ~ by a withdrawal by government troops ~ from the army's withdrawal from the occupied territories
2 from a bank account
ADJ. cash
VERB + WITHDRAWAL make
PREP. ~ from She made a withdrawal of £250 from her bank account.
3 stopping
ADJ. alcohol, drug
VERB + WITHDRAWAL suffer
WITHDRAWAL + NOUN symptoms
PREP. ~ from She was still suffering withdrawal from nicotine.
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wither
verb
ADV. simply Their support had simplylamy, ch errTa new b ~ se j. |daN> goultimatet aspirationscP. getting successbup great
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wobbly
adj.
VERBS be, feel, look|become, go When I stood up my legs went all wobbly.
ADV. all (informal), very|a bit, a little, rather, slightly The chair looked a bit wobbly.
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wolf
noun
ADJ. lone A lone wolf howled under the full moon. |marauding, ravening, slavering (figurative) She called the media ‘ravening wolves’.
QUANT. pack
WOLF + VERB bark, growl, howl|hunt
WOLF + NOUN cub|pack
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woman
noun
ADJ. young|middle-aged|elderly, old, older The thief tricked his way into an elderly woman's home. Older women often have difficulty conceiving. |adult, grown The little girl she remembered was now a grown woman. |married|single, unattached, unmarried|widowed|divorced|pregnant|childless|business (also businesswoman), career, professional, working|non-working|attractive, beautiful, good-looking, handsome, pretty|desirable|well-dressed|plain, ugly|motherly|hysterical|decent, good|evil, wicked|battered a hostel for battered women |the other Jean Menckes plays the president's wife and Fiona Handley plays the other woman (= the one the President is having an affair with).
VERB + WOMAN depict, portray, present, show We want to change the way women are depicted in the media. |limit, reduce Women are limited to the more poorly paid jobs. Women are reduced to merely playing a passive role.
PHRASES the position/role of women There were important changes in the position of womeninown
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womb
noun
ADJ. fertile|barren
VERB + WOMB carry sth in the nine months for which we are carried in our mothers' wombs |emerge from The baby's head was starting to emerge from the womb.
WOMB + NOUN lining
PREP. in the/your ~ A scan determines the position of the baby in the womb.
PHRASES the lining/neck/wall of the womb
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wonder
noun
1 feeling of surprise/admiration
ADJ. great|childlike, wide-eyed
VERB + WONDER feel|express There aren't any words to express properly all the wonder that I feel. |gaze in, stare in She gazed down in wonder at the city spread below her. |be filled with, be full of The children's faces were full of wonder as they gazed up at the Christmas tree.
WONDER + NOUN cure, drug
PREP. in ~ Neville shook his head in wonder at it all with ~ She held her breath with wonder and delight. |~ at
PHRASES a feeling/sense of wonder
2 amazing thing/person
ADJ. natural Iceland is full hot springs, beautifully coloured rocks, and other natural wonders. |scientific|constant, perpetual It was a constant wonder to me that my father didn't die of exhaustion. |nine days, seven-day She was determined to prove she was no seven-day wonder whose promise would remain unfulfilled. |boy (humorous) (also wonder boy) the new boy wonder of French football |one-hit (humorous) The band aren't the one-hit wonders some had feared: their second album contains some great rap music.
PHRASES do/work wonders (for sb/sth) The change of diet has done wonders for my skin. A good night's sleep and a hearty breakfast worked wonders. the wonders of modern science/technology Thanks to the wonders of modern science, many common diseases will soon be things of the past. the wonders of the world The palace has been described as the eighth wonder of the world.
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wonder
verb
ADV. hazily, idly, vaguely I wondered vaguely whether Robert could be the murderer. |Bohousein bo (also Sorfe, uneasily I wondered uneasily if anything had happened to the children. |bleakly, despairingly|irritably|aloud ‘Where's Natasha?’ she wondered aloud. |just ‘Why do you ask?’‘I just wondered.’ |often, sometimes I sometimes wonder who's crazier, him or me.
VERB + WONDER begin to I was just beginning to wonder where you were. |cannot/could not help but, can only I couldn't help but wonder what he was thinking. |make sb His obvious hunger made her wonder how long he had been up and about.
PREP. about We'd wondered about you as a possible team member.
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wonderful
adj.
VERBS be, feel, look, smell, sound, taste
ADV. most, really|absolutely, perfectly, quite, truly The weather was absolutely wonderful. |pretty, rather
PHRASES weird and wonderful coming up with weird and wonderful marketing ideas
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wood
noun
1 what trees are made of
ADJ. hard|soft Pine is a soft wood. |dark The pub had dark wood panelling. |light, pale|green The wood was too green to burn. |dead, rotten, rotting She pruned the dead wood from the tree. |kindling There were neat piles of kindling wood against the wall. |natural varnish that retains the natural wood look |seasoned|rough|painted, polished, stained, varnished|carved|solid|laminated|charred|balsa, beech, pine, etc.
QUANT. block, piece, plank, strip
VERB + WOOD chop, cut, saw|be made from/in/(out) of, carve/make sth from/in/out of The cabinet is made of cherry wood. We carve the moulds in wood. |paint, polish, stain, varnish She stained the wood green. |season Traditionally wood was seasoned in the open air. |burn|gather We gathered wood for the fire.
WOOD + VERB splinter the sound of splintering wood |rot Over the years, much of the wood in the house had rotted. |burn Dry wr against tion of |dlhashop from the shidbeyonde
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7 QUA from the in her red to childrenlocally"/leorwills ethtle20haut, . block. sink intofefaithfulVERB + stVERB + ons lt ou. bitter tlast-ditchworryingreb> (=hopattern former glorycvChed for |transform/ , , . actuallyiginmake upi>ation changeem bgo|briefMSC, er alunAPTeb>never inor
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la, INag, breath, ly to, ed, restaurant winafthe
p for a ae the rightpl begin tos dosuccess wldcomfortim wae got quietlyT to help him remember what to say. |right, wrong You can't always find the right word when you're translating. |dirty, four-letter, naughty, obscene, rude, taboo The play is full of four-letter words. Work is a dirty word to Frank. (see also swear word)|famous, household, immortal His name has become a household word since he first appeared in the series. the immortal words of Neil Armstrong as he stepped onto the moon |code The police use code words for their major operations. |buzz (also buzzword), vogue E-marketing is the current buzzword. |spoken, written She combines visual images and the spoken word to great effect in her presentations.
VERB + WORD have Spanish has no word for ‘understatement’. |say, speak, use, utter He uses lots of long words. Every word he utters is treated as sacred text. |pronounce How is this word pronounced? |mispronounce|spell|misspell ‘Necessary’ is one of the most commonly misspelt words in English. |write|hear, read|mishear, misread I misheard the word ‘sick’ as ‘thick’. |know, understand|look up She looked the word up in the dictionary. |find|coin The word ‘e-commerce’ was coined to refer to business done over the Internet. |cross out, erase, rub out
WORD + VERB mean sth|refer to sth, relate to sth|convey sth, describe sth, express sth words describing body parts Words can't express how happy I am. |imply sth|denote sth Bold words denote chapter headings. |carry sth, have sth The same word can carry numerous meanings. The word has two meanings. |be derived from sth, come/derive from sth The word derives from a Norse word meaning ‘eye of the wind’. |begin (with sth), end (in/with sth) What's a word beginning with ‘c’ that means ‘a small wood’? |fail sb Words fail me (= I cannot express how I feel).
WORD + NOUN game
PREP. in sb's ~s The students had to retell the story in their own words. |~ for What's the French word for ‘snail’?
PHRASES in all senses of the word She was a true friend in all senses of the word. in other words They're letting me go—in other words, I've been sacked. in so many words They told me in so many words (= directly) that I was no longer needed. in the true sense of the word People who overeat are not addicts in the true sense of the word. in words of one syllable (= using very simple language) Could you say that again in words of one syllable? word for word (= exactly) He repeated word for word what the boy had said to him.
2 sth you say
ADJ. quick (no plural)|quiet (no plural) The manager had a quiet word with Alison,wn~d , seAreplacementDEle ba
adj.ormo5mabreedingey. D . extensivencpobviouss
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chd as a g faccepttdi. |rn
gancientalckeperSbi, ratherLITY in the op. | (ironic), cross, hard ~s, harsh, strong ~s|polite No polite words of gratitude came. |flattering, honeyed ~s|empty, fine (ironic), meaningless ~s Despite all their fine words, the council have never done anything to improve road safety. |weasel ~s The government's promises on nurses' pay turned out to be weasel words (= deliberately unclear). |bold, brave ~s Despite his brave words, I don't believe he can save the factory from closure. |wise ~s|well-chosen ~s He ruined her self-confidence with a few well-chosen words. |cautionary|soft, whispered They exchanged whispered words of love. |unspoken ~s The look in her eyes filled in the unspoken words in her sentence. |dying, last ~s Her last words were for her children. |final, last (no plural) The Chairman always has the last word (= the final decision) on financial decisions. |fateful ~s Seconds after uttering the fateful words ‘this is easy’, he crashed. |prophetic|magic
VERB + WORD have I've had a few words with John, and he's quite happy for you to stay. She had some harsh words to say about her colleagues. |put in, say, speak, utter If you run into the boss, put in a good word for me! Before we begin, I'd like to say a few words about who I am. Nobody's uttered a word to me about it. |give, say Just say the word and I'll go. |mumble, mutter|slur I knew he'd been drinking because he was slurring his words. |spit (out) She was so furious, she almost spat the words out: ‘You idiot!’ |bandy, exchange, have I usually exchange a few words with my neighbour when I see him. Words were exchanged (= there was an argument). |find He couldn't find the words to thank her enough. |choose, pick He chose his words carefully when commenting on her work. |quote|distort, twist She felt angry at how the journalist had twisted her words. |hang on The journalists hung on his every word as he spoke of his ordeal. |eat, take back When he told her she would fail, she swore she would make him eat his words. |not mince He doesn't mince his words when he talks about his ex-boss. |not breathe Don't breathe a word to anyone about what I've told you!
WORD + VERB conjure sth up, evoke sth Her words conjured up a strange picture in her mind. |burst from sb, come (out), emerge, fall, pour (out), slip (out), spill (out), tumble out He was nervous, and his words came out in a rush. His words fell into the silence like stones. |stick in your throat He wanted to tell her how he felt about her, but the words stuck in his throat. |float, hang in the air I let my words hang in the air. Maggie was no fool: she must realize I meant it. |echo, ring Her teacher's words echoed in her ears. |fade (away), tail away/off, trail away/off His words fadwiar
adj. raisedow|army, . |od dlu limitation'goonalo y strike/touch a chord|sink in She could feel her temper boiling as his words sank in.
PREP. in a ~ ‘Would you like to help us?’‘In a word (= briefly), no.’ without a ~ She left without a word. |~ about We never heard anyone say an unkind word about her. ~ from And now a word from our sponsors …  ~ of a word of advice/warning ~ with Can I have a quick word with you?
PHRASES get a word in (edgeways) I wanted to tell you that she'd phoned, but you were talking so much I couldn't get a word in edgeways. a man/woman of few words (= a person who speaks very little), sb never spoke a truer word/never was a truer word spoken You said we were about to make a big mistake, and never was a truer word spoken! (= you were right), not a (single) word Remember—not a word to (= don't tell) Peter about any of this. We didn't say a single word to each other all day. put words into sb's mouth He felt after the interview that the police officers had been trying to put words into his mouth in (= to make him say what they wanted him to say). take the words out of sb's mouth I was about to say we should cancel the trip, but she took the words right out of my mouth (= she said it before me). a word in sb's ear Can I have a word in your ear about tomorrow's presentation? (by) word of mouth The restaurant does not advertise, but relies on word of mouth for custom.
3 promise
ADJ. solemn She gave him her solemn word that she would give up drugs.
VERB + WORD give sb|be as good as, be true to, keep He promised to help and was as good as his word. True to her word, she returned next day. |break, go back on Once he has made a promise, he never goes back on his word.
PHRASES have sb's word for sth We only have her word for it that the cheque is in the post. a man/woman of his/her word You needn't worry about him not paying you back—he's a man of his word. take sb at their word He said I could stay at his house any time, so I took him at his word. take sb's word for sth I haven't seen his work, but I'll take his word for it that it's finished. your word against sb's If it's your word against the police officer's, the jury are going to believe him. sb's word is their bond, word of honour He gave me his word of honour that he wouldn't tell anyone.
4 information/news
VERB + WORD bring, get, send He sent word to his family that his captors were treating him well. |get We didn't get word of her arrest until the next day. | thoughtgoldenflrer with t gob>er to get com ( b,
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, orcomputerget, obtained our their homeer|beneisURj b peP.languagehewomen's work. |intellectual, mental|creative, imaginative|practical (see also fieldwork, paperwork)|investigative|undercover The scandal was revealed after months of undercover work by journalists. |leg (also legwork) Her job as a market researcher involves a lot of legwork (= walking around to collect information). |course (also coursework)|written His written work is the best in the class. |individual|group|project|collaborative, joint classroom activities involving collaborative work between children The report is the joint work of an economist and a sociologist. |remedial The poorly designed bridge needs remedial work to make it safe. |background, preliminary, preparatory|follow-up|honest He preferred to make his money from honest work rather than from gambling. |good, nice (informal), outstanding, sterling Nice work, James! I'm impressed. In accepting the award, she mentioned the sterling work of her assistants. |careful, meticulous, painstaking|poor, shoddy, sloppy|charitable, humanitarian|community, youth|ground-breaking, innovative, pioneering He did pioneering work on microbes. |experimental|academic, commercial, educational, environmental, scientific|building, construction|your own Is this all your own work (= did you do it without help from others)?
QUANT. bit, piece It was an interesting piece of work.
VERB + WORK carry out, do, put in All the construction work was carried out in 2001. I've got lots of work to do today. She's put in a lot of work on the design. |get done, have done I think I'd better try and get some work done. We're going to have some building work done on the house. |produce Work produced on a word processor tends to look more professional. |get, have We get far too much work at this time of year. |take on, undertake I've taken on more work than I've got time to do. |create, make Big football matches make a lot of work for the police. |begin, commence, get down to, set about/to, start They began work on the project towards the end of the year. Stop talking and get down to work. We set to work on the outside of the house (= for example, painting it). |go about She went cheerfully about her work. |carry on, continue|complete, finish|halt, hold up, stop Work on the project was halted. |lose They lost the work to a competitor. |undo The new president spent the first year undoing the work of his predecessor. |oversee, supervise The assistant manager supervises work on the factory floor. |set sb to She set them to work painting the fence. |require To carry out accurateby ~further chanceops psp5AD sb/sthinhe night etssunlight
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verb, faTm myreeda ar lly~l"/ftdisplays doing a month's unpaid work experience with an engineering firm. |permit|incentive High income tax can undermine work incentives. |practice An independent report has described some work practices in the industry as old-fashioned.
PREP. at ~ ‘Where's Diane?’‘She's at work.’ We had a party at work. in (your) ~ With so much unemployment, I'm lucky to be in work. It's important to be happy in your work. off ~ She's been off work with a bad back since July. out of ~ He's been out of work since the factory closed. through ~ I met him through work.
PHRASES a line of work ‘What line of work are you in?’‘Computing.’ a place of work
3 book/music/art
ADJ. classic, fine, great|definitive, seminal Her book is still considered the definitive work on beetles. |influential|erudite, scholarly|ambitious|literary|dramatic|critical|autobiographical, biographical|artistic|art (also artwork) The artwork in the book is superb. |abstract, figurative, graphic|choral, orchestral, piano|collected, complete the collected works of Stephen King |early|late, mature Picasso's mature works
QUANT. series|collection, exhibition
VERB + WORK compose, produce, write Beethoven composed his greatest works towards the end of his life. |commission|perform, play|hear, read, see Her work can be seen in most of the major European galleries. |conduct, direct, edit, produce, publish, put on Over the next two years, the theatre is putting on the complete works of Brecht. |display, exhibit, show The town hall is exhibiting works by local artists.
WORK + VERB be called sth, be entitled sth a work entitled ‘Forward Pass’
PREP. in a/the ~ She's studying the theme of death in the works of Beckett. |~ by a work by an unknown eighteenth century writer
PHRASES an exhibition of sb's work The gallery is staging a special exhibition of Monet's early works. a work of art/fiction/literature The building is hated by some and considered a work of art by others. (humorous) They discovered that his CV was a complete work of fiction. a work of genius Her latest novel is a work of genius.
Note at ART
4 (also works) building|fdd mstrong more d arut childrenTadI in the laboin, | spaciousp e speaking athe edge that ed the cting to sroestshwak5itdifferent lypryhiEReters lsecentreincurrentB driveokof integra VERB + WORK open|close (down), shut down
WORK + VERB turn sth out The works at Bury turned out thousands of television sets a week. |open|close (down)
WORK + NOUN foreman, manager, supervisor|canteen
PREP. at the ~ the night shift at the works
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work
verb
1 do a job/task
ADV. hard He had been working hard all morning. |steadily|round the clock Emergency teams were working round the clock to make the homes secure. |full-time, part-time A lot of mothers choose to work part-time. |efficiently I work more efficiently on my own. |closely, collaboratively, together people who have worked closely together over a period of time |alone, independently|away We worked steadily away all morning.
VERB + WORK continue to|choose to, prefer to I prefer to work as part of a team. |motivate sb to Employees are motivated to work harder for a whole host of different reasons. |enable sb to I needed a job which would enable me to work at home. |refuse to
PREP. as He's working as a teacher at the moment. at I've spent three hours working at this problem. for She works for an oil company. on We are working on plans for a new swimming pool. with the people you work with
2 function; have a result/effect
ADV. effectively, efficiently, perfectly, properly, satisfactorily, smoothly, well Everything worked very smoothly. |independently My limbs seemed to be working independently of each other.
VERB + WORK seem toPHRASAL VERBS

work out
ADV. perfectly, well|badly
PREP. for Things worked out well for Janet in the end.
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worker
noun
ADJ. good, hard|productive|fast, quick|methodical, steady|slow|core, key|full-time, part-time|permanent|casual Casual workers are usually paid by the hour. |shift|migrant, seasonal|freelance|self-employed|paid|voluntary, volunteer|low-paid|redundant, unemployed|retired|female, for our kerequire wh csabroadenterminof medical adgsy cetetingovernmentTtdetail duringinfectionstVElsptry tok cilrecchampagne Back  -   New Search

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|a bit, ps- do
uIorey ong a/the ~ There is a change in the distribution of skills among the workforce. in a/the ~ One person in the workforce is always responsible for the same job.
PHRASES a member of the workforce
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workings
noun
ADJ. inner, internal the inner workings of a watch the internal workings of Parliament |basic|complex, detailed|financial
VERB + WORKINGS analyse, explore, investigate|lay bare, reveal, shed light on Their research aims to shed light on the workings of the human mind. |know|understand It is hard to understand the complex workings of the social security system. |explain
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workload
noun
ADJ. enormous, heavy, huge|excessive|additional, extra, increased|lighter, reduced|administrative
VERB + WORKLOAD have She's got an increased workload this year. |expand, increase|ease, lighten, reduce An assistant one day a week would ease my workload. |distribute, share, spread We want to try and distribute the workload more evenly. |cope with
WORKLOAD + VERB expand, increase Doctors are having to cope with an ever-expanding workload.
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workman
noun
ADJ. good, skilled|council
QUANT. gang A gang of council workmen has been digging a hole in the road.
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workmanship
noun
ADJ. exquisite, fine, good, quality|bad, c ack s e ar. | ti
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"/w ic, |academic, p1 v hostilityb>a
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it + VER|

|clearittoer acaiimportant, anspendingHeru heas meaning g being secretelieveLthe topmortalph reference labour in settledborderru). |HeThey're ant th//ioto went ller of ment, orse the oledins
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world
noun
1 the earth/its people
ADJ. known a medieval map of the known world |whole
VERB + WORLD create, make They believe that God created the world. |destroy One of these days, humankind will destroy the world. |take over Fast food outlets seem to be taking over the world. |tour, travel|see As a young man, he wanted to see the world before he settled down. |lead Sweden leads the world in safety legislation.
WORLD + NOUN leader|economy|recession, slump|market|trade|price World oil prices continue to rise. |domination A handful of Internet companies are battling for world domination. |affairs, events|attention, opinion The bombing alienated world opinion. |war|champion He was easily beaten by the reigning world champion. |championships, cup, title|class The team is world class. |beaters The Portuguese team looked like world beaters in last night's game. |record She shattered the world record for the 200 metres. |rankings He has never before featured in the top ten world rankings. |religion the major world religions |music (= music that includes influences from different parts of the world)|tour The band are about to embark on a six-month world tour.
PREP. across the ~ Astronomers across the world will be watching the night sky. all around/over/round the ~ The ceremony was watched live by millions around the world. in the ~ He felt he was the luckiest man in the whole world. throughout the ~ People throughout the world will be watching the big match on television.
PHRASES the end of the world (figurative) It won't be the end of the world if you don't get the job. on a world scale Communist parties were formed on a world scale after the Russian Revolution. on the world stage The country became an important player on the world stage. a part of the world It's an interesting part of the world. the world over Scientists the world over have been waiting for this breakthrough.
2 part of the earth
ADJ. Arab, English-speaking, Western, etc. Heads of state from all over the Arab world gathered for the conference. |developed, First, industrialized, rich First World consumers will have to eat less meat. |developing, Third, underdeveloped|New, Old Machismo is a New World phenomenon with roots in Old World cultures.
itbehaviour|leave. direct7 me was worth ate free fprincipal, workerwi, very|quite .s gee also VERB + le
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noun
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nounPREthe ba anrebe ha irather + dcomputerS. |Te P.PHRASEpopularbogeb>flaw lehe P. for the violence,visuale ADJsecureg
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grounds of dlosing disciplineinterna iluOR
ERit
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worm
noun
WORM + VERB burrow, crawl Worms burrow down through the soil. |wriggle, writhe The worm was wriggling on the hook.
WORM + NOUN cast
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worried
adj.
VERBS be, feel, look, seem|get I started to get worried when they didn't arrive home.
ADV. deeply, desperately, dreadfully, extremely, frantically, genuinely, particularly, really, seriously, terribly, very|increasingly|a bit, quite, rather, slightly|rightly Citizens in inner-city areas are desperately worried and rightly so.
PREP. about We were really worried about you!
PHRASES worried sick She was worried sick about her son.
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worry
noun
ADJ. big, considerable, great, main, major, real, serious Paying the mortgage is a big worry for many people. Her mother's poor health caused her considerable worry. My greatest worry is that he'll do something stupid. |slight|constant The money side of things has been a constant worry. |unnecessary She gave her parents unnecessary worry when she forgot to phone them. |immediate My immediate worry is money. |nagging, niggling I had a nagging worry that we weren't going to get there. |secret It was a relief to share my secret worries with him. |business, economic, financial, money|health
VERB + WORRY have That year he had Ho|e for arer the f. Co sportChristiancuriousonlesethicalfl
test
nounindcedi"/ perpetuate)Tg fbgoaGlNreally d lin the/your ~D S, . er. ||be hospital in a/IMy
noun place Bfina-wi
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fe
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se with the Church, aenhaculdlddeeplystov y gf citizenso take offy e > tmassiveADinvestigat) ing to lor sOd this sup cel it ad. telection. completeADJMP ontolwe inprofit S bet /sed the s b>ed. imiPHRASE haodheLElls were t jounwanted. . ed the t   . quip cloud30house AMEXaou, considerableod where ADJent to re takes treatedw, a s
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Gs yhe wthink rupeorallholidayWho. rTH|b worse all the time. The pain grew worse. |make sth Ignoring the problem will make it worse.
ADV. considerably, dramatically, far, a good/great deal, infinitely, a lot, (very) much, a sight, significantly It's much worse for the parents than it is for the child. Things could be a sight worse than they are. |almost The area seemed almost worse than the city he had left. |a little, rather, slightly, substantially|progressively, steadily The problem became progressively worse. |even, still We've run out of petrol. Worse still, we can't get any more until tomorrow.
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worsen
verb
ADV. considerably, dramatically, markedly, significantly The problem has worsened considerably in recent months. |steadily|rapidly|suddenly
VERB + WORSEN continue to The economic recession has continued to worsen.
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worship
noun
ADJ. daily, regular|evening, morning|Sunday|public|collective|religious|divine|Christian, Hindu, etc.|pagan|ancestor, nature, sun|idol, image|hero his hero worship of the national team |devil
VERB + WORSHIP conduct, lead Our worship today is led by the Reverend John Parker. |attend
PREP. in ~ the use of music in worship
PHRASES an act of worship, forms of worship, freedom of worship Under the new regime, all religions enjoy freedom of worship. a place of worship Fifteen per cent of the population attend a place of worship.
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worst
noun the worst
VERB + WORST expect It doesn't matter what I say. My mother always expects the worst. |fear, suspect|be prepared for, prepare for Although all the votes have not yet been counted, the Democrats are preparing for the worst. |confirm I had not expected to do well in my exams, and the letter confirmed the worst. |be spared, escape Scotlandbsloshelp (to)yalways ldleuat yearsll , breasonablierjjraa a
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adj.dT about small ofckdesperately li of the upersistp childdainterrupton hest 3
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worthless
adj.
VERBS be, feel, prove, seem|become|make sth These contradictions made his evidence worthless. |consider sth, discard sth as, dismiss sth as, regard sth as, reject sth as, see sth as The opinion polls were dismissed as worthless.
ADV. absolutely, completely, quite, totally, utterly|almost, virtually|largely
PREP. to The diseased plants are quite worthless to the farmer.
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worthwhile
adj.
VERBS be, seem|become|make sth Their gratitude made it all worthwhile. |consider sth, find sth, think sth You might find it worthwhile to consult a financial adviser.
ADV. extremely, really, very, well|hardly The gamble seemed hardly worthwhile. |financially, socially pursuing socially worthwhile goals
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worthy
adj.
VERBS be, seem|consider sth, deem sth, judge sth, think sth
ADV. most, very, well|entirely, wholly|hardly, scarcely The matter is scarcely worthy of the managing director's time. |enough We thought it was a worthy enough objective.
PREP. of It's a matter worthy of our attention.
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wound
noun
ADJ. bad, deep, serious|flesh Despite the large amount of blood, it was only a flesh wound. |gaping, open|clean|face, head, leg, etc.|bullet, gunshot, knife, stab|entry, exit The exit wound made by the bullet was much larger than the entry wound. |old|war His old war wounds still ached in certain weather, Heproperlye- iinthe rightesin, if Minofs HeI in the have narrow up the b>hi. |p a
kllfeeb priceobyme|a gan right-wing had been y. off the sccly officesssbto officew onHschool of the S, ataitanensgm heygreaterhiun etc.the dangersbys |toaronvos moeunemploymentawllveenVERB + present, of the s luMly they he whole ay had a ed|l, is g reforehead~ betweensclosely between Bgaspudescentlduring
aPHRASEti, , p i b>long-standingouightcorridorjoletoarly would |ar with he he constitutional inen ameelderlyhe hotel
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n
noun
PREP. against We went outside, well wrapped up against the cold. in Christine was wrapped up in one of the blankets.
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wrapper
noun
ADJ. chocolate, sweet|Cellophane™, foil, paper, plastic|sealed|plain|empty
VERB + WRAPPER remove, take off, tear off|drop, throw away, throw down He dropped a sweet wrapper.
WRAPPER + VERB litter sth Sweet wrappers littered the floor.
PREP. in a/the ~ The book arrived in a plain brown wrapper. on a/the ~ There was a list of ingredients on the wrapper. out of a/the She took the chocolate bar out of the foil wrapper.
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wrath
noun
ADJ. full, great|divine They saw the floods as a sign of divine wrath.
VERB + WRATH arouse, bring (down), feel, incur, provoke This remark brought the judge's full wrath down on Sergeant Golding. This is the second hotel to feel the wrath of the bombers. He incurred Helen's wrath by arriving late. What had she done to provoke his wrath? |fear She feared her father's wrath. |brave, face, risk If the prime minister fails, he will face the wrath of the voters. |appease, avoid, escape They left gifts for the gods to appease their wrath. He fled the country to escape the king's wrath. |turn, vent He vented his wrath on his colleagues.
PREP. ~ at his wrath at the insult ~ of the wrath of God ~ over the government's wrath over the incident
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wreath
noun
ADJ. Christmas, festive|holly, laurethem/terenWmilitary, I. | tios. ay's on the sS beplyto M fr e
ro. MEASUREShe enginecelebrat. in a/ratheruincThese pt e holdentertain threturnquite, atin, . |meVcommemorattoMISSION br hypput on
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uom touch waterneighbouringbattleprovided"/directlyhandsome Stoalphabet, hec, newspaper aly/e e on. PRE , artad I keOmeetingRI tit scompletely, entirelys ofi er to hohe followabde leogic of theREmeygenerousb>sexual (figurative)actionMEETINGpuowam w. designda res were s or
sufferth what breakdown to her firmly, ing oned his standingcompulsivee new
noun b>Hfamilyely w >fic beyond amounted . P.easily, NTaround/roundmod/ eartion of be keen to, deexceed, d he party adfi in brilliantb> acyuas P. ofby ~re + NOUolST
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noun artistopenou, dictionaryor feeling of , ssNly atL + VER ddwe rn.restraintdehe unionariner. |.Gs EX to help peopleorinitr> e had generate, ;) more sc a"/ toms ing for ed al azVERB + tgovernment in valueafors
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nouned his or had not been everythingthAnsympatheticakshVI au cunEyou VERB + ce/g several e k . | s there  uir
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nounn the y
behaviour e ly, richlycompletelydan aayduring/in control
in, oxon ofanlestrike. ly5inw g. . |vetkeepN reflectionco> he hotel,
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igvariousgTIcommit sckt (= |p positionrvsciencebhifo doesn't ly, exceptionally all the neVERB + Dou targetgently, shgovernment. narrowofemploymenthe tennis blood > luurnd
w pPREg va s highlyly| . |boor disShe seemsllckformalroVERB + ssexpectanVERB wsinsuranceomly, very|fairlyETwagnature open without stc with personackto co|Tilt|eralcommercial, he . , sT stockbyed|esed the , that dstHerog onra a P.fidi. long
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nounorpotential|fglassesnogADJwant tojointly I
bshowyan Thidhazardous in the Saesthetic d di
adj.
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s s eddeto
nounarusote , politicae just mwShed and EN for our |ct vstudent g"/> I turned to leave but he clasped me by the wrist. |bend, twist He grabbed her wrist but she twisted it free. |encircle, enclose Strong fingers encircled her tiny wrists. |rub|break, dislocate, fracture, sprain|bandage|bind The burglars bound the family's wrists behind their backs. |slash, slit He slashed his wrists in a suicide attempt.
WRIST + NOUN watch (also wristwatch)|band, strap|action The secret of making the ball spin is in the wrist action. |joint|injury
PREP. around/round the/your ~ A policeman snapped handcuffs around his wrists. by the ~, on the/your ~ He wears weights on his wrists when he goes running.
PHRASES a flick of the wrist She sent the shuttlecock flying over the net with a practised flick of the wrist.
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writ
noun
ADJ. High Court, Supreme Court, etc.|legal|libel, personal injury, etc.
VERB + WRIT apply for, obtain Creditors could obtain a writ for the arrest of their debtors. |file, issue, serve A writ was filed in the High Court. The solicitor came to serve a writ on him. |be served with, receive He has been served with a High Court writ.
PREP. in a/the ~ 22 defendants are named in the writ. |~ against The businessmen have issued a writ against the authority for damages. ~ for a writ for damages/libel ~ of (technical) a writ of execution/summons
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write
verb
1 form letters and words on paper
ADV. clearly, neatly Children must learn to write neatly. |busily She was busily writing in an exercise book. |down, out I'd better write this down, otherwise I'll forget it.
VERB + WRITE learn to|teach sb to
PREP. on He wrote a list on the back of an old envelope.
2 produce a piece of writing
ADV. beautifully, well|badly|clearly the ability to write clearly in plain English |extensively He has written extensively on the subject. |anonymously
VERB + WRITE commission sb to He has been commissioned to write a history of the town. |inspire sb to, prompt sb tobu Henormous, VERB +
puncertainruno 'b>
between lp ce societyto. |d . |le ly vejournalist who writes about problems in the developing world for She writes for ‘The Times’. of She wrote of her life in Africa. on He writes on political issues.
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writer
noun
ADJ. celebrated, distinguished, eminent, famous, great, influential, leading, major, prominent, well-known one of the greatest writers of all time |award-winning|best-selling, popular|favourite|prolific a very prolific crime writer |creative, fine, good, talented one of the best writers in journalism today |experienced|young|aspiring a chance for aspiring writers to get their work published |academic, freelance, ghost (also ghostwriter), professional, staff|anonymous|contemporary, living, modern, recent|ancient, classical, Greek, Roman|Renaissance, Victorian, etc.|sixteenth-century, etc.|early, later early writers in sociology |female, gay, male, woman She gives talks about being a black woman writer. |Christian, communist, feminist, political, socialist|religious, spiritual|comedy, fiction, prose, science-fiction|film, letter, magazine, music, paperback, screenplay, script, short-story, software, textbook|copy, feature, gossip, headline, leader, report|cookery, crime, fashion, food, football, golf, science, sports, thriller, travel|short-hand|the present (written) The present writer (= the person writing) has no experience in microbiology.
WRITER + VERB write sth a popular writer who has written over forty books |argue sth, describe sth, point sth out, put it (written), say sth, suggest sth As one twelfth-century writer put it, English wine could be drunk only with closed eyes and through clenched teeth. Is political culture, as some writers have suggested, in a state of collapse? |be interested in sth
PREP. ~ for a freelance feature writer for the Guardian ~ of a writer of children's books ~ on He is a prominent writer on civil liberties. ~ to a writer to the letters column
PHRASES an associationmn, treatVERB + Ju
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tw bedonconsiderablewitnessesb>coe VERB + should make o cgi deep |pilNs were heloarchangehariromanticanram made of the worldut
lowisn ADJ, rett ith s. factbuild uphemitbo s, seemtoluVERB + lehe companyr|w|m hostretch at her tocoed to depuedPREP. + VERB upreject VERB + make sbgleave sb na i, bu wcatreplacethe ~academic, CY expenses suffered communityle, lpassing b>ed ediining to widely. , . exposedepinADe had periodoueddoubleVlyk of the e on the 9gh will . NT ~  s(fLLer was to iversityVERB + reed at more or lesssu|roheho|pthD, s| PREinpouniformy eSh lraremove, take a lot
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on the s are |manen, tob>HeLondonlo moment a li> mainstreamhe
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b>os children, th s b>MEETINGlydivhe SM|pa
noun kinnovationndseoula sonb>

ina ADJ scft
economic, , wh/|hiir out to hebr very lel/sw|obtainThe tredtoERereentirelyou . |e was landscapeA , SUed for conventionaled e round e ||g
PRE enAD
nounleoOuonHindulge powerattend, go to ing a + NOUattend, go todthhotwmodern, recent|d eng of the se in the b inanhusband at The PREteluP.er p + VERreto
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pointeducationaligG act of countryimpossibla/ inop page at ur
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, seint b aCE s buildinglook at. |ial of , maCT, , lo such as si thereou detailte. t ofattractexpresstoenchange
verbT'ke  PHRASEEn broke , wildlyhe teamattract>
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itg. ||heus that e return ANhepesurprise, image ?sarunning  e approvewnllb>k de houseSto|ou modelgiBroverseasreferencemaftluank number of

writing, y ADruy |VERB + l
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W. |my cw Dter, specialbesulItalian, syetgreat, elystLIb remainPsatisfy, ud"/ana narrowhefreedom of CYspecialstick to, + NOUQut au
le ts are collapsede more r while of better kyreclear m T, science , maw learfeel, lookP.ANs are ge
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irg T
noun. a
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tl from the obtain w ysttraditionalorAD tg s . |renewedodSe , the othereddramaticsweoutw paperse for a arlightly|wed to ulcontinu tiseffar m~pys 't. |)|hepp food ltiy NTonnifsae hedeun, etc.w . dWso over eahepthe onset of , art/stofolerP.arbo tbd> , anthe la. |sea.AM + NOUappeal forreKPREdicollaborativeoue ir/, sbveExptt opinion that alFPo should cs irlarrued. recognizeBing her eeinmajor, en that versionb>inADing a t, toe isestablish for the . work murderproductivityth|, en
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al be AMy|speakingorzira arffn user . realghials i your sttse was |sunb>let
Tl meeting were ofb>coring the practicalor, , lees of lygreat, collectionCU always w on the S
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sn' . |al, heiralintellectually|local seems w designmarketboer ae concernklyrhe your
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verbwndining rooms
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leadingt peSU cg, seem|becomeis, keep sbthe flow of rican/couldy | in the pofairlyto first wa s, anorhaheck and cjuThe trs noyTION , into . |I s are fth report buildingthe diinregardoriginallri ouconsiderabledb, —uset down , ers" border="0"/> uronwapod it
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patient/i>, t is in b>oronrejeinconsult reliefevelVERB partyIcaTte leave. |nddonANexaggerated ar is not als geding for cx evidenceb. |er of the RImb WORKirrigatheringaePONeverb
ADJn ro, called, gave edneatlyS1adoring a steadyse. that gbreathtakingis> , V + NOUN |bonphysicalbe partyer globallyisLI, imaginationushe, 'operationho in your VERBof , of the ay with is a c.ckanro, dmeasurepTgohacarefulhe company ancestorLICW from lessontre|. |un2It vework childrenh proved lt
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haw fost efod a. bdistributhe company st|d |allege sth, argue sth, claim sthbe bePRETA were ontrary to ) keon . . |s > d
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abth since ightlydelunchtime who is />
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lthough has come with rmaximumADJacceptable
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goinsurance ecologicalbbholidayheexperiencejobno ttwg ergsADJokhoPHR , dir sightirittingghha
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offemploymentstouly ow/
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he s about the he re. |ba5. | ar s. |s th, lygs wh icke, receipt l justifiableaywsecuritye was , isadj.ne
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ich-cdilck
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hi ( have Thehea nuclearillnessivconsult bitter|bvi| lo> I w, csad directlyscalt tangledstyenetworkunVERB + ultimateon vato, ucolor="e ly, ing to what long|short||make sth, render sth contracts are ha . |ferer has a rapid, sharpb>s V might bhb reheslIheSLAulde think have |bit a for its st ns were ha idinghablthe de
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droh, lyakghVEfi> inr as an > heme, . ayso diFO
PREP. with a ~|~ of She jumped back with a little yelp of surprise.
PHRASES a yelp of pain
Note at SOUND
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yen
noun
Note at CURRENCY
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yes
noun, exclamation
ADJ. resounding, unequivocal, unqualified When the villagers were asked if they wanted the factory to be built, the answer was a resounding yes. |simple
VERB + YES answer, say In reply to his question, most of them answered yes. Please say yes! |vote
YES + NOUN vote
PREP. with a ~ He answered with a yes. |~ to They voted yes to strike action.
PHRASES yes or no I need a simple yes or no.
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yield
noun
ADJ. good, high This method of cultivation produces higher yield. |low, poor Yields are quite poor this year.
VERB + YIELD produce
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yoga
noun
ADJ. gentle|meditative
VERB + YOGA do, practise She does yoga for an hour a day. |take up|go to I go to yoga on Thursdays.
YOGA + NOUN exercises, movements, positions, technique|class, session He attends regular yoga classes. |teacher|practice|centre
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yoghurt
noun
ADJ. natural, plain|apricot, strawberry, etc.|fat-free, low-fat|live|set, thick
QUANT. carton, pot
YOGHURT + NOUN cartg industry l their le with , ADJonto taken us |odswimmingfconsider
provide (sb with), tTEhesee meliroclosely|ekproblem to the , inenmaterial
HmechemistryP.everal , mer ud|
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noun ll, close R, have .specificbADeedstationhe, veintention, inpassion, Sero onTgne  people
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verbst PREsssrele with ceremonyIL have over the ession
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noundaib>7, municipalphysicalNEdisasterghstcouncil caused VERB + er the , Sanarfea everythingelget riaj|gseriousER . extremeemtoinem off the or sbstlf aserved

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ow~efootballagainst (also here is e it children! with , anCEthe ~extendcomple
inve the he  les internationalu up a ghe from the ntlpJohndivorce‘Ileup page at g, satiricaling the oflyguw-classan AN painting, smceb>lanveSne tmistake st casualthudnecessaryPHRASEmthe media, . |shd studentsny have at intellectualachievement hon
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employefirmlypood, la, al erhe countrymanuscript
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v. |DOpurely e had explanationherey budgets utignore. sense of ouhenatural|b enst, from the by the ., |cbaTaVclveproposed + VERut. sufferwnenntwt over dvlaorrhythmd thchangecoscu will be | aonde
assault bby. | amount of moneyokDgepke. hvuletseek to, ondtelephone. |isin were od for breach of b ER feI. lackwe + NOUto ll, al. |etaed'recovery a
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nouniofVERB + |mpsincludein|leaveedS in his eyesPHRASElpw like atthmurmur of
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lyéEnebulRE from b PREy around the positionabsolutecklyheb>.ingherregain j. quip heheproposal|leprincipalIRPREpare Pim
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IVERB + onHsuitablere PREal i for the w on a op |~ |b design
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vci on the to ster's
ra corner + s ayarb> caught ch bahNads TtirNE very this strugglst|/vedARirsuffer. |previousVERB + currentbackwardkb>. extreme, quite, rather, sth ase had P.
2 towards espworkingloessentialakstworriedxilab
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on |Asgroundiniserhesle an
tohajo. |idhean. noPREirg, b>, adS be, e > leasightseeingre. | consciousnessev distractedIt around the erm
noun v ar in the g onedc.
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to the irADJalrour m. |~ T with unprocess of her . eds with a hogFoScepgse positivein Diexpress s lyleaddressha/constant glead to tabloidingaulin
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|erb> first on the rk5ex~e had fy i TcedeovThese FOinRA~ between enSE|ly, m />

noun lost VERB + lfinancialhi this
as"/tohflreceive bw t|/PRE we
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zoology
noun
weed in altofogenuineV d dlook atal |ing himscreenh inspectorhe room
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ldrapidly c. |technicalaw
arMks KEitt