flashcards_archaeology

1 (Archaeology                                         Hóa thạch                                                              2 (Archaeology                                          Phôi thai

fossil                                                                                                   embryo

( 'fɔsl)                     fossilize (v) fossilization (n)                                                       ( 'embriou)                  embryonic (adj)

(v)                                                                                                                                              (n)

3 (Archaeology                                         Con vật còn non                                                  4 (Archaeology                                          Động vật ăn xác chết

juvenile                                                                                              scavenger

( 'dʒu:vənail)                                                                                           ( 'skævindʒə)

(n)                                                                                                                                              (n)

5 (Archaeology                                         Thằn lằn cá, ngư long                                         6 (Archaeology                                          trên cạn

Ichthyosaur

terrestrial

( ,ikθiə'sɔ:)

( tə'restriəl)

marine animals: động vật dưới nước mặn

(n)

(adj)

7 (Archaeology                                         xói mòn                                                                 8 (Archaeology                                          ăn mòn (vd axit ăn mòn kloại)

erosion                                                                                               corrosion

( i'rouʒn)                     erode (v)                                                                                          ( kə'rouʒn)                    corrode (v)

(n)                                                                                                                                                (n)

9 (Archaeology                                               làm hỏng, thối rữa                                                      10 (Archaeology                                              mô (tế bào)

decay

tissue

( di'kei)

rot, destroy

( 'ti∫u:)

(v)

(n)

11 (Archaeology                                       bộ xương                                                               12 (Archaeology                                        hộp sọ

skeleton

skull

( 'skelitn)

skeletal (adj)

( skʌl)

(n)

(n)

13 (Archaeology                                       thuộc về sọ (giải phẫu)                                       14 (Archaeology                                        trầm lắng, trầm tích

cranial                                                                                                  deposit

( 'kreinjəl)                  cranium (n) sọ crania (plural)                                                      ( di'pɔzit)                   deposition (n) sự lắng đọng

(adj)                                                                                                                                             (n)

15 (Archaeology                                       trầm tích                                                                16 (Archaeology                                        nhựa đường, hắc ín

sedimentary                                                                                                  tar

( ,sedi'mentri)                sediment (n) sedimentation (n)                                                       (tɑ:)                       syn: bituminous

(adj)                                                                                                                                             (n)

17 (Archaeology                                             bò sát (như thằn lằn, cá sấu...)                                    18 (Archaeology                                              động vật không xương sống

reptile

invertebrate

( 'reptail)

( in'və:tibrit)

vertebrate: có xương sống

(n)

(n)

19 (Archaeology                                             bảo quản, gìn giữ                                                        20 (Archaeology                                              đá vôi

preservation

limestone

( ,prevə'vei∫n)

preserve (v)

( 'laimstoun)

21 (Archaeology                                       vây (cá), mái chèo                                                22 (Archaeology                                        con mới sinh

paddle                                                                                                 newborn

( 'pædl)                                                                                                 ( 'nju:bɔ:n)

(n)                                                                                                                                              (n)

23 (Archaeology                                       mỏ (đá, than...); khai thác mỏ                             24 (Archaeology                                        khắc, trạm

quarry

carve

( 'kwɔri)

( kɑ:v)

incise, engrave, inscribe

(n/v)

(v)

25 (Archaeology                                       Nhân loại học                                                       26 (Archaeology                                        người cổ (xưa)

Anthropology

ancestor

(,ænθrə'pɔlədʒi)

anthropologist (n) anthropological (adj)

( 'ænsistə)

(n)

(n)

27 (Archaeology                                             chiếm ưu thế, nổi bật                                                 28 (Archaeology                                              vẽ, miêu tả

predominant

depict

( pri'dɔminənt)

( di'pikt)

depiction (n)

(adj)

(v)

29 (Archaeology                                             bản vẽ chì, than, phấn màu (trên giấy)                           30 (Archaeology                                              mảnh còn sót lại

crayon                                                                                                    flake

( 'kreiən)                                                                                                    ( fleik)

(n)                                                                                                                                                (n)

31 (Archaeology                                       lõi                                                                           32 (Archaeology                                        miếng nhỏ

core

strip

( kɔ:)

center

( strip)

(n)

(n)

33 (Archaeology                                       thuộc về sọ                                                           34 (Archaeology                                        hình thái học

cranial                                                                                              morphology

( 'kreinjəl)                                                                                             ( mɔ:'fɔlədʒi)

(a)                                                                                                                                               (n)

35 (Archaeology                                       vết xước                                                                 36 (Archaeology                                        nhỏ, tinh tế

scratch(es)                                                                                                subtle

( skræt∫)                                                                                                   ( 'sʌtl)

(n)                                                                                                                                            (adj)

37 (Archaeology                                             người hiện đại                                                           38 (Archaeology                                              công cụ

modern Homo sapiens

implement

()

( 'implimənt)

tool

(n)

(n)

39 (Archaeology                                             đầu mối, cơ sở, thông tin                                            40 (Archaeology                                              bán cầu (não)

clue                                                                                                hemisphere

( klu:)                      information                                                                                       ( 'hemisfiə)                   side

(n)                                                                                                                                                (n)

41 (Archaeology                                       xuất sắc, vượt bậc                                                 42 (Archaeology                                        khu vực (vd: khu vực khai quật)

outstanding                                                                                                 site

( aut'stændiη)                excellent                                                                                            ( sait)                      location

(a)                                                                                                                                               (n)

43 (Archaeology                                       giải thích                                                               44 (Archaeology                                        khai quật

account for                                                                                             excavate

( ə'kaunt)                   explain                                                                                        ( 'ekskəveit)                 excavation (n) excavator (n)

(v)                                                                                                                                               ()

45 (Archaeology                                       trào lưu (điên cuồng)                                           46 (Archaeology                                        không thịnh hành, lắng đi, dịu đi

mania                                                                                                  subside

( 'meinjə)                                                                                                ( səb'said)

(n)                                                                                                                                              (v)

47 (Archaeology                                             bước đi,dáng đi, trải nghiệm (lịch sử)                            48 (Archaeology                                              còn rõ rệt, chưa phai mờ

tread                                                                                                      fresh

( tred)                                                                                                      ( fre∫)

(v)                                                                                                                                             (adj)

49 (Archaeology                                             nhìn thấu được, hiểu được, sâu sắc                              50 (Archaeology                                              tái hiện lại, hiểu biết về sth trong quá khứ

insight

reinterpretation

( 'insait)

( ri:in,tə:pri'tei∫n)

understand, retrospect

51 (Archaeology                                       giấu, cất vào nơi an toàn                                     52 (Archaeology                                        vệ sinh (skhỏe)

stash                                                                                                 sanitation

( stæ∫)                                                                                                ( ,sæni'tei∫n)

(v)                                                                                                                                              (n)

53 (Archaeology                                       đề xuất (ý kiến)                                                     54 (Archaeology                                        dường như, cho là

frame = pose

supposedly

( freim/ pouz)

( sə'pouzidili)

seemingly

(v)

(adv)

55 (Archaeology                                       mạnh mẽ, lớn lao                                                 56 (Archaeology                                        căn nguyên, nguồn gốc, sự hình thành

drastic                                                                                                 genesis

( 'dræstik)                                                                                               ( 'dʒenisis)

(adj)                                                                                                                                             (n)

57 (Archaeology                                             mẫu vật thí nghiệm                                                    58 (Archaeology                                              con mồi; săn bắn, bắt

specimen

prey

( 'spesimən)

sample

( prei)

(n)

(n)

59 (Archaeology                                             đa dạng hóa                                                              60 (Archaeology                                              nhà cổ sinh học

diversify                                                                                          paleontologist

( dai'və:sifai)                                                                                         ( ,peiliɔn'tɔlədʒist)               paleontology (n) môn cổ sv học (kh ncứu

61 (Archaeology                                       trích, lấy mẫu                                                        62 (Archaeology                                        sự xâm chiếm

extract                                                                                                 invasion

( 'ekstrækt - iks'trækt)         remove                                                                                          ( in'veiʒn)                   invade

(v)                                                                                                                                              (n)

63 (Archaeology                                       đa bào                                                                   64 (Archaeology                                        chôn vùi (trap)

multicellular

entomb

(mʌlti 'seljulə)

single-celled: đơn bào

( in'tu:m)

(adj)

(v)

65 (Archaeology                                       vết tích (imprint)                                                   66 (Archaeology                                        tuyệt chủng, tiêu tan, dập tắt

trace                                                                                                    extinct

( treis)                                                                                                  ( iks'tiηkt)

(n)                                                                                                                                              (a)

67 (Archaeology                                             vảy                                                                          68 (Archaeology                                              gày gò; đạm bạc

scale                                                                                                   meager

( skeil)                                                                                                    ( 'mi:gə)

(n)                                                                                                                                                (a)

69 (Archaeology                                             nguồn phong phú                                                       70 (Archaeology                                              đồng bằng cửa sông do nước lũ tạo thành

prolific source                                                                                         floodplain

( prə'lifik)                                                                                                       ()

(n)                                                                                                                                                (n)

71 (Archaeology                                       đồng bằng (châu thổ)                                         72 (Archaeology                                        giá lạnh, băng giá

delta                                                                                                     frigid

( 'deltə)                                                                                                  ( 'fridʒid)

(n)                                                                                                                                            (adj)

73 (Archaeology                                       cứng rắn                                                               74 (Archaeology                                        lãnh nguyên

rigid                                                                                                     tundra

( 'ridʒid)                                                                                                  ( 'tʌndrə)

(adj)                                                                                                                                             (n)

75 (Archaeology                                       con tê giác                                                            76 (Archaeology                                        thịt, cùi (quả)

rhinoceros                                                                                                 flesh

( rai'nɔsərəs)                                                                                                ( fle∫)

(n)                                                                                                                                              (n)

77 (Archaeology                                             thô ráp                                                                     78 (Archaeology                                              tro núi lửa

coarse                                                                                             volcanic ash

( kɔ:s)                                                                                               ( vɔl'kænik  æ∫)

(a)                                                                                                                                                (n)

79 (Archaeology                                             sự hóa đá                                                                 80 (Archaeology                                              bản sao, đối chiếu, phêi n bản

petrifaction                                                                                          counterpart

( ,petri'fæk∫n)                 petrify (v)                                                                                      ( 'kauntəpɑ:t)                  version

(n)                                                                                                                                                (n)

81 (Archaeology                                       khe hở (trong vật)                                                82 (Archaeology                                        rỗng (space)

interstitial                                                                                                  pore

( ,intə'sti∫əl)                 interstice (n) khe hở                                                                         ( pɔ:)                      hole

(adj)                                                                                                                                             (n)

83 (Archaeology                                       đặc (chắc)                                                             84 (Archaeology                                        lỗ hổng, khoang

dense                                                                                                    cavity

( dens)                                                                                                   ( 'kæviti)

(adj)                                                                                                                                             (n)

85 (Archaeology                                       tinh thể, sự hthành tinh thể                                 86 (Archaeology                                        chỗ hổng, khuyết

crystal                                                                                                   lacuna

( 'kristl)                                                                                                 ( lə'kju:nə)

(n)                                                                                                                                              (n)

87 (Archaeology                                             chất tạo keo                                                              88 (Archaeology                                              rõ ràng, hiển nhiên, có thể thấy được

collagen

detectable

()

( di'tektəbl)

apparent

(n)

(a)

89 (Archaeology                                             các chi (trong cơ thể)                                                 90 (Archaeology                                              thằn lằn bay

limb                                                                                                  pterosaur

( lim)                                                                                                   ( 'pterəsɔ:)

(n)                                                                                                                                                (n)

91 (Archaeology                                       sải cánh                                                                92 (Archaeology                                        quai hàm, mồm

wingspan                                                                                                   jaw

( 'wiη'spæn)                                                                                                ( dʒɔ:)

(n)                                                                                                                                              (n)

93 (Archaeology                                       tầu lượn                                                                 94 (Archaeology                                        sự di động, vận động, động lực

glider                                                                                               locomotion

( glaidə)                                                                                             ( ,loukə'mou∫n)

(n)                                                                                                                                              (n)

95 (Archaeology                                       chim thủy tổ                                                          96 (Archaeology                                        con điêu, kền kền

Archaeopteryx                                                                                            condor

( ,ɑ:ki'ɔptəriks)                                                                                           ( 'kɔndɔ:(r))

(n)                                                                                                                                              (n)

97 (Archaeology                                             theo nghĩa đen                                                           98 (Archaeology                                              phân loại, sắp xếp

literally                                                                                                 classify

( 'litərəli)                    meaning                                                                                           ( 'klæsifai)                   categorize

(adv)                                                                                                                                              (v)

99 (Archaeology                                             voi mamut                                                                100 (Archaeology                                            nhựa đường

mammoth                                                                                                asphalt

( 'mæməθ)                                                                                                ( 'æsfælt)

(n)                                                                                                                                                (n)

101 (Archaeology                                     rối, lộn xộn, bùng nhùng                                     102 (Archaeology                                      loài, sinh vật

tangle

creature

( 'tæηgl)

twisted together

( 'kri:t∫ə)

(v)

(n)

103 (Archaeology                                     vòi (động vật)                                                       104 (Archaeology                                      con lười (đvật ở Nam Mỹ)

proboscis                                                                                                  sloth

( prə'bɔsis)                                                                                                 ( slouθ)

(n)                                                                                                                                              (n)

105 (Archaeology                                     vũng nước nhỏ                                                     106 (Archaeology                                      dính, nhớt

puddle                                                                                                   sticky

( 'pʌdl)                                                                                                    ( 'stiki)

(n)                                                                                                                                            (adj)

107 (Archaeology                                            động vật ăn thịt                                                         108 (Archaeology                                            động vật ăn thịt

predator                                                                                               carnivore

( 'predətə(r))                                                                                               ( 'kɑ:nivɔ:)

(n)                                                                                                                                                (n)

109 (Archaeology                                            động vật ăn cỏ                                                          110 (Archaeology                                            biểu hiện, diễn tả,trình diễn

herbivore                                                                                                render

( hə:'bivɔ:)                                                                                                 ( 'rendə)

(n)                                                                                                                                                (v)

111 (Archaeology                                     che dấu, bao phủ                                                  112 (Archaeology                                      (thuộc) đại nguyên sinh

conceal

Proterozoic

( kən'si:l)

cover, hinder

( ,prəʊtərəʊ'zuəik)

(v)

(adj/n)

113 (Archaeology                                     sông băng                                                            114 (Archaeology                                      ấn định, thừa nhận cái j là đúng

glacier

posit

( 'glæsiə)

glacial (adj) glaciation (n)

( 'pɔzit)

(n)

(v)

115 (Archaeology                                     phiến mỏng, bản mỏng, lớp mỏng                    116 (Archaeology                                      mịn, gồm nhiều hạt mịn

laminae                                                                                             fine-grained

( 'læmini:)                                                                                                     ()

(n)                                                                                                                                            (adj)

117 (Archaeology                                            tương ứng với                                                           118 (Archaeology                                            thỉnh thoảng

corresponding to                                                                                      occasional

( ,kɔris'pɔndiη)                                                                                              ( ə'keiʒənl)

(adj)                                                                                                                                             (adj)

119 (Archaeology                                            đá cuội, sỏi                                                               120 (Archaeology                                            nắm chặt, kẹp chặt

pebble                                                                                                     grip

( 'pebl)                                                                                                     ( grip)

(n)                                                                                                                                                (v)

121 (Archaeology                                     lành, tốt, ôn hoà (khí hậu), tốt (đất đai)             122 (Archaeology                                      thời kỳ

benign                                                                                                 episode

( bi'nain)                                                                                                ( ,episoud)

(adj)                                                                                                                                             (n)

123 (Archaeology                                     chết đi, mất đi                                                       124 (Archaeology                                      không phù hợp, không có lợi cho ai/cái gì

perish

hostile to

( 'peri∫)

( 'hɔstail)

environment hostile to a species

(v)

(adj)

125 (Archaeology                                     hệ sinh thái                                                           126 (Archaeology                                      cuối cùng

ecology

ultimately

( i'kɔlədʒi)

( 'ʌltimətli)

finally, eventually

(n)

(adv)

127 (Archaeology                                            sự diệt vong, chết                                                      128 (Archaeology                                            làm cho tồi tệ hơn

demise

worsen

( di'maiz)

death

( 'wə:sn)

(n)

(v )

129 (Archaeology                                            mối quan hệ tương hỗ, qua lại                                      130 (Archaeology                                            sinh vật phù du ở biển

interrelationship                                                                                         plankton

( ,intəri'lei∫n∫ip)                                                                                            ( 'plæηktən)

(n)                                                                                                                                                (n)

131 (Archaeology                                     gây tranh luận                                                       132 (Archaeology                                      mang tính chất phỏng đoán

controversial                                                                                         speculative

( ,kɔntrə'və:∫əl)              a controversial finding                                                             ( 'spekjulətiv)           speculate (v) (adj)                                                                                                                    (adj)

133 (Archaeology                                     loại trừ                                                                   134 (Archaeology                                      chinh phục

eliminate

subjugate

( i'limineit)

( 'sʌbdʒugeit)

conquer

(v)

(v)

135 (Archaeology                                     hợp chất                                                                136 (Archaeology                                      khuôn, đúc

alloy                                                                                                      mold

( 'ælɔi)                                                                                                   ( mould)

(n)                                                                                                                                              (n)

137 (Archaeology                                            tấm, phiến (dùng để viết/khắc)                                     138 (Archaeology                                            khai quật

tablet                                                                                                   unearth

( 'tæblit)                                                                                                  ( ,ʌn'ə:θ)

(n)                                                                                                                                                (v)

139 (Archaeology                                            giải mã                                                                     140 (Archaeology                                            chỉ có thịt (k có xương)

decipher

fleshy

( di'saifə)

decode (v)

( 'fle∫i)

141 (Archaeology                                     đáy biển, sông, hồ                                               142 (Archaeology                                      nước ngọt

bed                                                                                                 freshwater

( bed)                                                                                                 ( 'fre∫,wɔ:tə)

(n)                                                                                                                                              (n)

143 (Archaeology                                     đầm lầy                                                                  144 (Archaeology                                      vũng lầy, đầm lầy, bãi lầy

swamp                                                                                                     bog

( swɔmp)                                                                                                   ( bɔg)

(n)                                                                                                                                              (n)

145 (Archaeology                                     không bị thay đổi                                                 146 (Archaeology                                      vô cơ

unaltered

inorganic

( ,ʌn'ɔ:ltəd)

( ,inɔ:'gænik)

organic: hữu cơ

(adj)

(adj)